,*APT] #e 

#aiaeaiae 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

,BUT CZ>ISM6 ,9 ! FIR/ MOM5TS ( ! W> ?IS WAS UND\BT$LY ! FACTOR ?AT DECID$ ! POSITION ( \R P>TY4 ,9 ITS DECL>ATION1 ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC GR\P HAD GIV5 ! SLOGAN3 AGA9/ CZ>ISM6 ,& \T ( ?IS ! SOCIALI/ PRESS HAS MADE A FI<T = ,EUROPEAN CULTURE4 

,! ,FRANKFURT] ,VOLKS/IMME WROTE ON ,JULY #c#a3 

0,! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY HAS ALWAYS HAT$ CZ>DOM AS ! BLOODY GU>DIAN ( ,EUROPEAN REACTION3 FROM ! TIME ?AT ,M>X & ,5GELS FOLL[$1 ) F>-SEE+ EYES1 EV]Y MOVEM5T ( ?IS B>B>IAN GOV]NM5T1 D[N TO ! PRES5T DAY1 :]E ITS PRISONS >E FILL$ ) POLITICAL PRISON]S1 & YET IT TREMBLES BE=E EV]Y LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,! TIME HAS COME :5 WE MU/ SQU>E ACC\NTS ) !SE T]RIBLE SC\NDRELS1 UND] ! ,G]MAN FLAG ( W>40 

,! ,PFALZIS*E ,PO/ ( ,LUDWI<AF5 WROTE ON ! SAME DAY3 

0,?IS IS A PR9CIPLE ?AT WAS FIR/ E/ABLI%$ BY \R ,AUGU/ ,BEBEL4 ,?IS IS ! /RUGGLE ( CIVILIZATION AGA9/ B>B>ISM1 & 9 ?IS /RUGGLE ! PROLET>IAT WILL DO ITS %>E40 

,! ,MUN*5] ,PO/ ( ,AUGU/ #a3 

0,:5 IT COMES TO DEF5D+ \R C\NTRY AGA9/ ! BLOODY CZ>DOM WE WILL NOT BE MADE CITIZ5S ( ! SECOND CLASS40 

,! ,HALLE ,VOLKSBLATT WROTE ON ,AUGU/ #e3 

0,IF ?IS IS SO1 IF WE HAVE BE5 ATTACK$ BY ,RUSSIA1 & EV]Y?+ SEEMS TO CORROBORATE ?IS /ATEM5T - !N ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 AS A MATT] ( C\RSE1 MU/ VOTE 9 FAVOR ( ALL MEANS ( DEF5SE4 ,) ALL \R /R5G? WE MU/ FI<T TO DRIVE CZ>ISM FROM \R C\NTRY60 

,& ON ,AUGU/ #a#h3 

0,N[ ?AT ! DIE IS CA/ 9 FAVOR ( ! SWORD1 IT IS NOT ONLY ! DUTY ( NATIONAL DEF5SE & NATIONAL EXI/5CE ?AT PUTS ! WEAPON 9TO \R H&S AS 9TO ! H&S ( EV]Y ,G]MAN1 BUT ALSO ! REALIZATION ?AT 9 ! 5EMY :OM WE >E FI<T+ 9 ! EA/ WE >E /RIK+ A BL[ AT ! FOE ( ALL CULTURE & ALL PROGRESS 444 ,! OV]?R[ ( ,RUSSIA IS SYNONYM\S ) ! VICTORY ( FRE$OM 9 ,EUROPE40 

,ON ,AUGU/ #e1 ! ,BRAUNS*WEIG] ,VOLKSFREUND WROTE3 

0,! IRRESI/IBLE =CE ( MILIT>Y PREP>ATION DRIVES EV]Y?+ BE=E IT4 ,BUT ! CLASS-CONSCI\S LABOR MOVEM5T OBEYS1 NOT AN \TSIDE =CE1 BUT ITS [N CONVICTION1 :5 IT DEF5DS ! GR\ND UPON :I* IT /&S FROM ATTACK 9 ! EA/40 

,! ,ESS5] ,>BEIT]ZEITUNG CRI$ \T ON ,AUGU/ #c3 

0,IF ?IS C\NTRY IS ?REAT5$ BY ,RUSSIA'S DET]M9ATION1 !N ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS1 S9CE ! FI<T IS AGA9/ ,RUSSIAN BLOOD - CZ>ISM1 AGA9/ ! P]PETRATOR ( A MILLION CRIMES AGA9/ FRE$OM & CULTURE1 WILL ALL[ NONE TO EXCEL !M 9 ! FULFILLM5T ( !IR DUTY1 9 !IR WILL+NESS TO SACRIFICE4 ,D[N ) CZ>ISM6 ,D[N ) ! HOME ( B>B>ISM6 ,LET ?AT BE \R SLOGAN60 

,SIMIL>LY ! ,BIELEFELD] ,VOLKSWA*T WRITES ON ,AUGU/ #d3 

0 ,EV]Y:]E ! SAME CRY3 AGA9/ ,RUSSIAN DESPOTISM & FAI?LESSNESS40 

,! ,ELB]FELD P>TY ORGAN ON ,AUGU/ #e3 

0,ALL ,WE/]N ,EUROPE IS VITALLY 9T]E/$ 9 ! EXT]M9ATION ( ROTT5 MURD]\S CZ>ISM4 ,BUT ?IS HUMAN 9T]E/ IS CRU%$ BY ! GRE$ ( ,5GL& & ,FRANCE TO *EEK ! PR(ITS ?AT HAVE BE5 MADE POSSIBLE BY ,G]MAN CAPITAL40 

,! ,RHE9IS*E ,ZEITUNG 9 ,COLOGNE3 

0,DO Y\R DUTY1 FRI5DS1 :]EV] FATE MAY PLACE Y\4 ,Y\ >E FI<T+ = ! CIVILIZATION ( ,EUROPE1 = ! 9DEP5D5CE ( Y\R FA!RL&1 = Y\R [N WELF>E40 

,! ,S*LESWIG-,HOL/E9 ,VOLKSZEITUNG ( ,AUGU/ #g WRITES3 

0,( C\RSE WE >E LIV+ 9 AN AGE ( CAPITALISM4 ,( C\RSE WE WILL CONT9UE TO HAVE CLASS /RUGGLES AFT] ! GREAT W> IS OV]4 ,BUT !SE CLASS /RUGGLES WILL BE F\<T \T 9 A FRE] /ATE1 !Y WILL BE F> MORE CONF9$ TO ! ECONOMIC FIELD ?AN BE=E4 ,9 ! FUTURE ! TREATM5T ( SOCIALI/S AS \TCA/S1 AS CITIZ5S ( ! SECOND CLASS1 AS POLITICALLY RI<TLESS WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE1 ONCE ! CZ>DOM ( ,RUSSIA HAS VANI%$40 

,ON ,AUGU/ #a#a1 ! ,HAMBURG] ,E*O CRI$3 

0,WE >E FI<T+ TO DEF5D \RSELVES NOT SO MU* AGA9/ ,5GL& & ,FRANCE AS AGA9/ CZ>ISM4 ,BUT ?IS W> WE C>RY ON ) ! GREATE/ 5?USIASM1 = IT IS ! W> = CIVILIZATION40 

,& ! ,LUBECK P>TY ORGAN DECL>$1 AS LATE AS ,SEPTEMB] #d3 

0,IF ,EUROPEAN LIB]TY IS SAV$1 !N ,EUROPE WILL HAVE ,G]MAN >MS TO ?ANK = IT ,\R FI<T IS A FI<T AGA9/ ! WOR/ 5EMY ( ALL LIB]TY & ALL DEMOCRACY40 

,?US ! *ORUS ( ! ,G]MAN P>TY PRESS S\ND$ & RES\ND$4 

,9 ! BEG9N+ ( ! W> ! ,G]MAN GOV]NM5T ACCEPT$ ! PR(F]$ ASSI/ANCE4 ,NON*ALANTLY IT FA/5$ ! LAURELS ( ! LIB]ATOR ( ,EUROPEAN CULTURE TO ITS HELMET4 ,YES1 IT 5DEAVOR$ TO C>RY ?R\< ! ROLE ( ! 0LIB]ATOR ( NATIONS10 ?\< (T5 ) VISIBLE DISCOM=T & RA!R AWKW>D GRACE4 ,IT FLATT]$ ! ,POLES & ! ,JEWS 9 ,RUSSIA1 & EGG$ ONE NATION ON AGA9/ ! O!R1 US+ ! POLICIES ?AT HAD PROV5 SO SUCCESSFUL 9 !IR COLONIAL W>F>E1 :]E AGA9 & AGA9 !Y PLAY$ UP ONE *IEF AGA9/ ! O!R4 ,& ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS FOLL[$ EA* LEAP & B\ND ( ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM ) REM>KABLE AGILITY4 ,:ILE ! ,REI*/AG GR\P COV]$ UP EV]Y %AMEFUL \TRAGE ) A DISCRETE SIL5CE1 ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PRESS FILL$ ! AIR ) JUBILANT MELODIES1 REJOIC+ 9 ! LIB]TY ?AT 0,G]MAN RIFLEBUTTS0 HAD BR\<T TO ! POOR VICTIMS ( CZ>ISM4 

,EV5 ! !ORETICAL ORGAN ( ! P>TY1 ,NEUE ,ZEIT1 WROTE ON ! TW5TY-EI<? ( ,AUGU/3 

0,! BORD] POPULATION ( ! 'LITTLE FA!R'S' REALM GREET$ ! COM+ ( ! ,G]MAN TROOPS ) CRIES ( JOY4 ,= !SE ,POLES & ,JEWS HAVE BUT ONE CONCEPTION ( !IR FA!RL&1 ?AT ( CORRUPTION & RULE BY ! KN\T4 ,POOR DEVILS1 REALLY FA!RL&LESS CREATURES1 !SE D[NTRODD5 SUBJECTS ( BLOODY ,NI*OLAS4 ,EV5 %\LD !Y DESIRE TO DO SO1 !Y C\LD F9D NO?+ TO DEF5D BUT !IR *A9S4 ,& SO !Y LIVE & TOIL1 HOP+ & LONG+ ?AT ,G]MAN RIFLES1 C>RI$ BY ,G]MAN M51 WILL CRU% ! :OLE CZ>I/ SY/EM 444 ,A CLE> & DEF9ITE PURPOSE /ILL LIVES 9 ! ,G]MAN WORK+ CLASS1 ?\< ! ?UND] ( A WORLD W> IS CRA%+ OV] ITS HEAD4 ,IT WILL DEF5D ITSELF FROM ! ALLIES ( ,RUSSIAN B>B>ISM 9 ! WE/ TO BR+ AB\T AN HONORABLE PEACE4 ,IT WILL GIVE TO ! TASK ( DE/ROY+ CZ>ISM ! LA/ BREA? ( MAN & BEA/40 

,AFT] ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC GR\P HAD /AMP$ ! W> AS A W> ( DEF5SE = ! ,G]MAN NATION & ,EUROPEAN CULTURE1 ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PRESS PROCE$$ TO HAIL IT AS ! 0SAVIOR ( ! OPPRESS$ NATIONS40 ,H9D5BURG BECAME ! EXECUTOR ( ,M>X & ,5GELS4 

,! MEMORY ( \R P>TY HAS PLAY$ IT A %ABBY TRICK4 ,IT =GOT ALL ITS PR9CIPLES1 ITS PL$GES1 ! DECISION ( 9T]NATIONAL CONGRESSES JU/ AT ! MOM5T :5 !Y %\LD HAVE F\ND !IR APPLICATION4 ,& TO ITS GREAT MIS=TUNE1 IT REMEMB]$ ! H]ITAGE ( ,K>L ,M>X & DUG IT \T ( ! DU/ ( PASS+ YE>S AT ! V]Y MOM5T :5 IT C\LD S]VE ONLY TO DECORATE ,PRUSSIAN MILIT>ISM1 = :OSE DE/RUCTION ,K>L ,M>X WAS WILL+ TO SACRIFICE 0! LA/ BREA? ( MAN & BEA/40 ,LONG =GOTT5 *ORDS ?AT W]E S\ND$ BY ,M>X 9 ! ,NEUE ,RHE9IS*E ,ZEITUNG AGA9/ ! VASSAL /ATE ( ,NI*OLAS ,I1 DUR+ ! ,G]MAN ,M>* ,REVOLUTION ( #a#h#d#h1 SUDD5LY REAWAK5$ 9 ! E>S ( ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 9 ! YE> ( ,\R ,LORD #a#i#a#d1 & CALL$ !M TO >MS >M 9 >M ) ,PRUSSIAN JUNK]DOM1 AGA9/ ! ,RUSSIA ( ! ,GREAT ,REVOLUTION ( #a#i#e4 

,?IS IS :]E A REVISION %\LD HAVE BE5 MADE2 ! SLOGANS ( ! ,M>* ,REVOLUTION %\LD HAVE BE5 BR\<T 9TO ACCORD ) ! HI/ORICAL EXP]I5CES ( ! LA/ SEV5TY YE>S4 

,9 #ahdh ,RUSSIAN CZ>ISM WAS1 9 TRU?1 0! GU>DIAN ( ,EUROPEAN REACTION40 ,! PRODUCT ( ,RUSSIAN SOCIAL CONDITIONS1 FIRMLY ROOT$ 9 ITS M$IEVAL1 AGRICULTURAL /ATE1 ABSOLUTISM WAS ! PROTECTOR & AT ! SAME TIME ! MI<TY DIRECTOR ( MON>*ICAL REACTION4 ,?IS WAS WEAK5$1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,G]MANY :]E A SY/EM ( SMALL /ATES /ILL OBTA9$4 ,AS LATE AS #ahea IT WAS POSSIBLE = ,NI*OLAS ,I TO ASSURE ,B]L9 ?R\< ! ,PRUSSIAN CONSUL VON ,RO*[ 0?AT HE W\LD1 9DE$1 HAVE BE5 PLEAS$ TO SEE ! REVOLUTION DE/ROY$ BY ! ROOTS :5 ,G5]AL VON ,WRANGEL ADVANC$ UPON ,B]L9 9 ,NOVEMB]1 #a#h#d#h40 ,AT ANO!R TIME1 9 A W>N+ TO ,MANTEUFFEL1 ! M> /AT$1 0?AT HE RELI$ UPON ! IMP]IAL M9I/RY1 UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ,HIS ,HI<NESS1 TO DEF5D ! RI<TS ( ! CR[N AGA9/ ! *AMB]S1 & GIVE TO ! PR9CIPLES ( CONS]VATISM !IR DUE40 ,IT WAS POSSIBLE = ! SAME ,NI*OLAS ,I TO BE/[ ! ,ORD] ( ,ALEX&] ,NEVSKI ON A ,PRUSSIAN M9I/]IAL PRESID5T 9 RECOGNITION ( HIS 0CON/ANT EF=TS TO PRES]VE LEGAL ORD] 9 ,PRUSSIA40 

,! ,CRIMEAN ,W> WORK$ A NOTICEABLE *ANGE 9 ?IS RESPECT4 ,IT 5D$ ) ! MILIT>Y & !RE=E ) ! POLITICAL BANKRUPTCY ( ! OLD SY/EM4 ,RUSSIAN ABSOLUTISM WAS =C$ TO GRANT RE=MS1 TO MOD]NIZE ITS RULE1 TO ADJU/ ITSELF TO CAPITALI/ CONDITIONS4 ,9 SO DO+1 IT GAVE ITS LITTLE F+] TO ! DEVIL :O ALREADY HOLDS IT FIRMLY BY ! >M1 & WILL EV5TUALLY GET IT ALTOGE!R4 ,! ,CRIMEAN ,W> WAS1 BY ! WAY1 AN 9/RUCTIVE EXAMPLE ( ! K9D ( LIB]ATION ?AT CAN BE BR\<T TO A D[NTRODD5 PEOPLE 0AT ! PO9T ( A GUN40 ,! MILIT>Y OV]?R[ AT ,S$AN BR\<T ,FRANCE ITS REPUBLIC4 ,BUT ?IS REPUBLIC WAS NOT ! GIFT ( ! ,BISM>CK SOLDI]Y4 ,PRUSSIA1 AT ?AT TIME AS TODAY1 CAN GIVE TO O!R PEOPLES NO?+ BUT ITS [N JUNK] RULE4 ,REPUBLICAN ,FRANCE WAS ! RIPE FRUIT ( 9N] SOCIAL /RUGGLES & ( ! ?REE REVOLUTIONS ?AT HAD PREC$$ IT4 ,! CRA% AT ,SEVA/OPOL WAS 9 EFFECT SIMIL> TO ?AT ( ,J5A4 ,BUT BECAUSE !RE WAS NO REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ,RUSSIA1 IT L$ TO ! \TW>D R5OVATION & REAFFIRMATION ( ! OLD REGIME4 

,BUT ! RE=MS ?AT OP5$ ! ROAD = CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T 9 ,RUSSIA DUR+ ! SIXTIES W]E POSSIBLE ONLY ) ! MONEY ( A CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,?IS MONEY WAS FURNI%$ BY ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN CAPITAL4 ,IT CAME FROM ,G]MANY & ,FRANCE1 & HAS CREAT$ A NEW RELATION%IP ?AT HAS LA/$ D[N TO ! PRES5T DAY4 ,RUSSIAN ABSOLUTISM IS N[ SUBSIDIZ$ BY ! WE/]N ,EUROPEAN B\RGEOISIE ,NO LONG] DOES ! ,RUSSIAN RUBLE 0ROLL 9 DIPLOMATIC *AMB]S0 AS ,PR9CE ,WILLIAM4 ( ,PRUSSIA BITT]LY COMPLA9$ 9 #a#h#e#d1 0,9TO ! V]Y *AMB]S ( ! K+40 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ,G]MAN & ,FR5* MONEY IS ROLL+ TO ,PET]SBURG TO FE$ A REGIME ?AT W\LD LONG AGO HAVE BREA!D ITS LA/ )\T ?IS LIFE-GIV+ JUICE4 ,RUSSIAN CZ>ISM IS TODAY NO LONG] ! PRODUCT ( ,RUSSIAN CONDITIONS2 ITS ROOT LIES 9 ! CAPITALI/ CONDITIONS ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,& ! RELATION%IP IS %IFT+ FROM DECADE TO DECADE4 ,9 ! SAME MEASURE AS ! OLD ROOT ( ,RUSSIAN ABSOLUTISM 9 ,RUSSIA ITSELF IS BE+ DE/ROY$1 ! NEW1 ,WE/ ,EUROPEAN ROOT IS GR[+ /RONG] & /RONG]4 ,BESIDES L5D+ !IR F9ANCIAL SUPPORT1 ,G]MANY & ,FRANCE1 S9CE #a#h#g1 HAVE BE5 VY+ ) EA* O!R TO L5D ,RUSSIA !IR POLITICAL SUPPORT AS WELL4 ,AS REVOLUTION>Y =CES >ISE FROM ! WOMB ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE ITSELF TO FI<T AGA9/ ,RUSSIAN ABSOLUTISM1 !Y MEET ) AN EV] GR[+ RESI/ANCE 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 :I* /&S READY TO L5D TO ?REAT5$ CZ>ISM ITS MORAL & POLITICAL SUPPORT4 ,SO :51 9 ! BEG9N+ ( ! EI<TIES ! OLD] ,RUSSIAN SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T SEV]ELY %OOK ! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T & P>TLY DE/ROY$ ITS AU?ORITY )9 & )\T1 ,BISM>CK MADE HIS TREATY ) ,RUSSIA & /R5G!N$ ITS POSITION 9 9T]NATIONAL POLITICS4 

,CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T1 T5D]LY NURTUR$ BY CZ>ISM ) ITS [N H&S1 F9ALLY BORE FRUIT3 9 ! N9ETIES ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT BEGAN4 ,! ]/:ILE 0GU>DIAN ( REACTION6' WAS =C$ TO GRANT A MEAN+LESS CON/ITUTION1 TO SEEK A NEW PROTECTOR FROM ! RIS+ FLOOD 9 ITS [N C\NTRY4 ,& IT F\ND ?IS PROTECTOR - 9 ,G]MANY4 ,! ,G]MANY ( ,BUEL[ MU/ PAY ! DEBT ( GRATITUDE ?AT ! ,PRUSSIA ( ,WRANGEL & ,MANTEUFFEL HAD 9CURR$4 ,RELATIONS W]E COMPLETELY REV]S$4 ,RUSSIAN SUPPORT AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION 9 ,G]MANY IS SUP]S$$ BY ,G]MAN AID AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,SPIES1 \TRAGES1 BETRAYALS - A DEMAGOGIC AGITATION1 LIKE ?AT :I* BLESS$ ! TIMES ( ! ,HOLY ,ALLIANCE1 WAS UNLEA%$ 9 ,G]MANY AGA9/ ! FI<T]S = ! CAUSE ( ,RUSSIAN FRE$OM1 & FOLL[$ TO ! V]Y DOOR/EPS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,9 ! ,KONIGSB]G TRIAL ( #aid ?IS WAVE ( P]SECUTION WAS AT ITS HEI<T4 ,?IS TRIAL ?REW A SCA?+ LI<T UPON A :OLE HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T S9CE #ahdh & %[$ ! COMPLETE *ANGE ( RELATIONS BETWE5 ,RUSSIAN ABSOLUTISM & ,EUROPEAN REACTION4 0,TUA RES AGITUR0 .<,Y\R PROBLEM IS BE+ ATT5D$ TO6.> CRI$ A ,PRUSSIAN M9I/] ( JU/ICE TO ! RUL+ CLASSES ( ,G]MANY1 PO9T+ TO ! TOTT]+ F\NDATION ( ! CZ>I/ REGIME4 0,! E/ABLI%M5T ( A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC 9 ,RUSSIA W\LD /RONGLY 9FLU5CE ,G]MANY10 DECL>$ ,FIR/ ,DI/RICT ,ATTORNEY ,S*ULZE 9 ,KONIGSB]G4 0,:5 MY NEI<BOR'S HOME BURNS MY [N IS ALSO 9 DANG]40 ,& HIS ASSI/ANT ,CASP] ALSO EMPHASIZ$3 0,IT IS NATURALLY NOT 9DIFF]5T TO ,G]MANY'S PUBLIC 9T]E/S :E!R ?IS BULW>K ( ABSOLUTISM /&S OR FALLS4 ,C]TA9LY ! FLAMES ( A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T MAY EASILY SPR+ OV] 9TO ,G]MANY 4440 

,! REVOLUTION WAS OV]?R[N1 BUT ! V]Y CAUSES ?AT L$ TO ITS TEMPOR>Y D[NFALL >E VALUABLE 9 A DISCUSSION ( ! POSITION TAK5 BY ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 9 ?IS W>4 ,?AT ! ,RUSSIAN UPRIS+ 9 #a#i#e-#f WAS UNSUCCESSFUL 9 SPITE ( ITS UNEQUAL$ EXP5DITURE ( REVOLUTION>Y =CE1 ITS CLE>NESS ( PURPOSE & T5ACITY CAN BE ASCRIB$ TO TWO DI/9CT CAUSES4 ,! ONE LIES 9 ! 9N] *>ACT] ( ! REVOLUTION ITSELF1 9 ITS 5ORM\S HI/ORICAL PROGRAM1 9 ! MASS ( ECONOMIC & POLITICAL PROBLEMS ?AT IT WAS =C$ TO FACE4 ,SOME ( !M1 = 9/ANCE1 ! AGR>IAN PROBLEM1 CANNOT POSSIBLY BE SOLV$ )9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,!RE WAS ! DIFFICULTY FUR!RMORE ( CREAT+ A CLASS /ATE = ! SUPREMACY ( ! MOD]N B\RGEOISIE AGA9/ ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y OPPOSITION ( ! B\RGEOISIE AS A :OLE4 ,TO ! ONLOOK] IT W\LD SEEM ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS DOOM$ TO FAILURE BECAUSE IT WAS A PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION ) B\RGEOIS DUTIES & PROBLEMS1 OR IF Y\ WI%1 A B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION WAG$ BY SOCIALI/ PROLET>IAN ME?ODS1 A CRA% ( TWO G5]ATIONS AMID LI<TN+ & ?UND]1 ! FRUIT ( ! DELAY$ 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T ( CLASS CONDITIONS 9 ,RUSSIA & !IR OV]-RIP5ESS 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW ITS D[NFALL 9 #aif SIGNIFIES NOT ITS BANKRUPTCY1 BUT ! NATURAL CLOS+ ( ! FIR/ *APT]1 UPON :I* ! SECOND MU/ FOLL[ ) ! 9EVITABILITY ( A NATURAL LAW4 

,! SECOND CAUSE WAS ( EXT]NAL NATURE2 IT LAY 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,EUROPEAN REACTION ONCE MORE HA/5$ TO HELP ITS 5DANG]$ PROTEGE2 NOT ) LEAD & BULLETS1 AL?\< 0,G]MAN GUNS0 W]E 9 ,G]MAN FI/S EV5 9 #aie & ONLY WAIT$ = A SIGNAL FROM ,PET]SBURG TO ATTACK ! NEI<BOR+ ,POLES4 ,EUROPE R5D]$ AN ASSI/ANCE ?AT WAS EQUALLY VALUABLE3 F9ANCIAL SUBSIDY & POLITICAL ALLIANCES W]E >RANG$ TO HELP CZ>ISM 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,FR5* MONEY PAID = ! >M$ =CES ?AT BROKE D[N ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION2 FROM ,G]MANY CAME ! MORAL & POLITICAL SUPPORT ?AT HELP$ ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T TO CLAMB] \T FROM ! DEP?S ( %AME 9TO :I* ,JAPANESE TORP$OES & ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAN FI/S HAD ?RU/ IT4 ,9 #a#i#a1 9 ,POTSDAM1 (FICIAL ,G]MANY RECEIV$ ,RUSSIAN CZ>ISM ) OP5 >MS4 ,! RECEPTION ( ! BLOOD-/A9$ MON>* AT ! GATES ( ! ,G]MAN CAPITAL WAS NOT ONLY ! ,G]MAN BLESS+ = ! ?ROTTL+ ( ,P]SIA1 BUT ABOVE ALL = ! HANGMAN'S WORK ( ! ,RUSSIAN C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,IT WAS ! (FICIAL BANQUET ( ,G]MAN & ,EUROPEAN 0,KULTUR0 OV] :AT !Y BELIEV$ TO BE ! GRAVE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,& /RANGE6 ,AT ?AT TIME1 :5 ?IS *ALL5G+ FEA/ UPON ! GRAVE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS HELD 9 ITS [N HOME1 ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY REMA9$ SIL5T1 & HAD COMPLETELY =GOTT5 0! H]ITAGE ( \R MA/]S0 FROM #a#h#d#h4 ,AT ?AT TIME1 :5 ! HANGMAN WAS RECEIV$ 9 ,POTSDAM1 NOT A S\ND1 NOT A PROTE/1 NOT AN >TICLE VETO$ ?IS EXPRESSION ( SOLID>ITY ) ! ,RUSSIAN C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,ONLY S9CE ?IS W> HAS BEGUN1 S9CE ! POLICE P]MITS IT1 ! SMALLE/ P>TY ORGAN 9TOXICATES ITSELF ) BLOOD?IR/Y ATTACKS UPON ! HANGMAN ( ,RUSSIAN LIB]TY4 ,YET NO?+ C\LD HAVE DISCLOS$ MORE CLE>LY ?AN DID ?IS TRIUMPHAL T\R ( ! CZ> 9 #aia ?AT ! OPPRESS$ ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT WAS ! VICTIM1 NOT ONLY ( DOME/IC REACTION1 BUT ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN REACTION AS WELL4 ,!IR FI<T1 LIKE ?AT ( ! ,M>* REVOLUTIONI/S ( #a#h#d#h1 WAS AGA9/ REACTION1 NOT ONLY 9 !IR [N C\NTRY1 BUT AGA9/ ITS GU>DIANS 9 ALL O!R ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES4 

,AFT] ! 9HUMAN CRUSADES ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION HAD SOME:AT SUBSID$1 ! REVOLUTION>Y F]M5T 9 ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT ONCE MORE BECAME ACTIVE4 ,! FLOOD BEGAN TO RISE & TO BOIL4 ,ECONOMIC /RIKES 9 ,RUSSIA1 ACCORD+ TO ! (FICIAL REPORTS1 9VOLV$ #d#f1#f#b#c WORK]S & #b#e#f1#c#h#f DAYS 9 #a#i#a2 #i#f1#g#c WORK]S & #g#f#h1#e#e#f DAYS 9 #a#i#a#a2 & #h#i1#g#g#a WORK]S & #a1#b#a#d1#h#h#a DAYS 9 ! FIR/ FIVE MON?S ( #a#i#a#b4 ,POLITICAL MASS /RIKES1 PROTE/S & DEMON/RATIONS COMPRIS$ #a1#e1 WORK]S 9 #a#i#a#b1 #a1#b#g#b1 9 #a#i#a#c4 ,9 #aiad ! FLOOD ROSE HI<] & HI<]4 ,ON ,JANU>Y #b#b1 ! ANNIV]S>Y ( ! BEG9N+ ( ! REVOLUTION1 !RE WAS A DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE ( #b1 WORK]S4 ,AS 9 ! DAYS BE=E ! REVOLUTION ( #a#i#e1 ! FLAME BROKE \T 9 ,JUNE1 9 ! ,CAUCASUS4 ,9 ,BAKU1 #d1 WORK]S W]E ON A G5]AL /RIKE4 ,! FLAMES LEAP$ OV] TO ,PET]SBURG4 ,ON ! SEV5TE5? ( ,JUNE #h1 WORK]S 9 ,PET]SBURG LAID D[N !IR TOOLS1 ON ! TW5TIE? ( ,JULY1 #b1 W]E \T2 ,JULY #bc ! G5]AL /RIKE MOVEM5T WAS SPREAD+ \T ALL OV] ,RUSSIA1 B>RICADES W]E BE+ BUILT1 ! REVOLUTION WAS ON ITS WAY4 ,A FEW MORE MON?S & IT W\LD HAVE COME1 ITS FLAGS FLUTT]+ 9 ! W9D4 ,A FEW MORE YE>S1 & P]HAPS ! :OLE WORLD POLITICAL CON/ELLATION W\LD HAVE BE5 *ANG$4 IMP]IALISM P]HAPS W\LD HAVE RECEIV$ A FIRM *ECK ON ITS MAD IMPULSE4 

,BUT ,G]MAN REACTION *ECK$ ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,FROM ,B]L9 & ,VI5NA CAME DECL>ATIONS ( W>1 & ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS BURI$ B5EA? ITS WRECKAGE4 0,G]MAN GUNS0 >E %ATT]+1 NOT CZ>ISM1 BUT ITS MO/ DANG]\S 5EMY4 ,! HOPEFULLY FLUTT]+ FLAG ( ! REVOLUTION SANK D[N AMID A WILD :IRLPOOL ( W>4 ,BUT IT SANK HONORABLY1 & IT WILL RISE AGA9 \T ( ! HORRIBLE MASSACRE1 9 SPITE ( 0,G]MAN GUNS10 9 SPITE ( VICTORY OR DEFEAT = ,RUSSIA ON ! BATTLEFIELDS4 

,! NATIONAL REVOLTS 9 ,RUSSIA :I* ! ,G]MANS TRI$ TO FO/]1 TOO1 W]E UNSUCCESSFUL4 ,! ,RUSSIAN PROV9CES W]E EVID5TLY LESS 9CL9$ TO FALL = ! BAIT ( ,H9D5BURG'S COHORTS ?AN ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,! ,JEWS1 PRACTICAL PEOPLE ?AT !Y >E1 W]E ABLE TO C\NT ON !IR F+]S ?AT 0,G]MAN FI/S0 :I* HAVE BE5 UNABLE TO OV]?R[ !IR [N ,PRUSSIAN REACTION1 CAN H>DLY BE EXPECT$ TO SMA% ,RUSSIAN ABSOLUTISM4 ,! ,POLES1 EXPOS$ TO ! TRIPLE-HEAD$ W>1 W]E NOT 9 A POSITION TO ANSW] !IR 0LIB]ATORS0 9 AUDIBLE LANGUAGE4 ,BUT !Y WILL HAVE REMEMB]$ ?AT ,POLI% *ILDR5 W]E TAU<T TO SAY ! ,LORD'S PRAY] 9 ! ,G]MAN LANGUAGE ) BLOODY WELTS ON !IR BACKS1 WILL NOT HAVE =GOTT5 ! LIB]ALITY ( ,PRUSSIAN ANTI-,POLI% LAWS4 ,ALL ( !M1 ,POLES1 ,JEWS & ,RUSSIANS1 HAD NO DIFFICULTY 9 UND]/&+ ?AT ! 0,G]MAN GUN10 :5 IT DESC5DS UPON !IR HEADS1 BR+S NOT LIB]TY1 BUT DEA?4 

,TO C\PLE ! LEG5D ( ,RUSSIAN LIB]ATION ) ITS ,M>XIAN H]ITAGE IS WORSE ?AN A POOR JOKE ON ! P>T ( ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,IT IS A CRIME4 ,TO ,M>X1 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION WAS A TURN+ PO9T 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! WORLD4 ,EV]Y POLITICAL & HI/ORICAL P]SPECTIVE WAS MADE DEP5D5T UPON ! ONE CONSID]ATION1 0PROVID$ ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION HAS NOT ALREADY BROK5 \T40 ,M>X BELIEV$ 9 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION & EXPECT$ IT EV5 AT A TIME :5 ,RUSSIA WAS ONLY A /ATE ( VASSALS4 ,:5 ! W> BROKE \T ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAD OCCURR$4 ,ITS FIR/ ATTEMPT HAD NOT BE5 VICTORI\S2 BUT IT C\LD NOT BE IGNOR$2 IT IS ON ! ORD] ( ! DAY4 ,& YET \R ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATS CAME ) 0,G]MAN GUNS10 DECL>+ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION NULL & VOID1 /RUCK IT FROM ! PAGES ( HI/ORY4 ,9 #ahdh ,M>X SPOKE FROM ! ,G]MAN B>RICADES2 9 ,RUSSIA !RE WAS A HOPELESS REACTION4 ,9 #aiad ,RUSSIA WAS 9 ! ?ROES ( A REVOLUTION2 :ILE ITS ,G]MAN 0LIB]ATORS0 W]E C[$ BY ! FI/S ( ,PRUSSIAN JUNK]DOM4 

,BUT ! LIB]AT+ MISSION ( ! ,G]MAN >MIES WAS ONLY AN EPISODE4 ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM SOON RAIS$ ITS UNCOM=TABLE MASK & TURN$ OP5LY AGA9/ ,FRANCE & ,5GL&4 ,H]E1 TOO1 IT WAS SUPPORT$ VALIANTLY BY A L>GE NUMB] ( ! P>TY PAP]S4 ,!Y CEAS$ RAIL+ AGA9/ ! BLOODY CZ>1 & HELD UP 0P]FIDI\S ,ALBION0 & ITS M]*ANT S\L TO ! PUBLIC DISDA94 ,!Y SET \T TO FREE ,EUROPE1 NO LONG] FROM ,RUSSIAN ABSOLUTISM1 BUT FROM ,5GLI% NAVAL SUPREMACY4 ,! HOPELESS CONFUSION 9 :I* ! P>TY HAD BECOME 5TANGL$ F\ND A DRA/IC ILLU/RATION 9 ! DESP]ATE ATTEMPT MADE BY ! MORE ?\<TFUL PORTION ( \R P>TY PRESS TO MEET ?IS NEW *ANGE ( FRONT4 ,9 VA9 !Y TRI$ TO =CE ! W> BACK 9TO ITS ORIG9AL *ANNELS1 TO NAIL IT D[N TO ! 0H]ITAGE ( \R MA/]S0 - ?AT IS1 TO ! MY? ?AT !Y1 ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 HAD !MSELVES CREAT$4 0,) HEAVY HE>T ,I HAVE BE5 =C$ TO MOBILIZE ! >MY AGA9/ A NEI<BOR AT :OSE SIDE ,I HAVE F\<T ON SO MANY BATTLEFIELDS4 ,) HONE/ SORR[ ,I SAW A FRI5D%IP1 TRULY S]V$ BY ,G]MANY1 BREAK40 ,?AT WAS SIMPLE1 OP51 HONE/4 ,BUT :5 ! RHETORIC ( ! FIR/ WEEKS ( W> BACK$ D[N BE=E ! LAPID>Y LANGUAGE ( IMP]IALISM1 ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY LO/ ITS ONLY PLAUSIBLE EXCUSE4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiad 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,PUBLICATION4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/