,*APT] #b 

#aiaeaiae 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

0,WE >E N[ FAC+ ! IRREVOCABLE FACT ( W>4 ,WE >E ?REAT5$ BY ! HORRORS ( 9VASION4 ,! DECISION1 TODAY1 IS NOT = OR AGA9/ W>2 = US !RE CAN BE BUT ONE QUE/ION3 BY :AT MEANS IS ?IS W> TO BE CONDUCT$8 ,MU*1 AYE EV]Y?+1 IS AT /AKE = \R PEOPLE & ITS FUTURE1 IF ,RUSSIAN DESPOTISM1 /A9$ ) ! BLOOD ( ITS [N PEOPLE1 %\LD BE ! VICTOR4 ,?IS DANG] MU/ BE AV]T$1 ! CIVILIZATION & ! 9DEP5D5CE ( \R PEOPLE MU/ BE SAFEGU>D$4 ,!RE=E WE WILL C>RY \T :AT WE HAVE ALWAYS PROMIS$3 9 ! H\R ( DANG] WE WILL NOT DES]T \R FA!RL&4 ,9 ?IS WE FEEL ?AT WE /& 9 H>MONY ) ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 :I* HAS ALWAYS RECOGNIZ$ ! RI<T ( EV]Y PEOPLE TO ITS NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE1 AS WE /& 9 AGREEM5T ) ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 EMPHATICALLY D5\NC+ EV]Y W> ( CONQUE/4 ,ACTUAT$ BY !SE MOTIVES1 WE VOTE 9 FAVOR ( ! W> CR$ITS DEM&$ BY ! ,GOV]NM5T40 

,) !SE WORDS ! ,REI*/AG GR\P ISSU$ ! C\NT]SIGN ?AT DET]M9$ & CONTROLL$ ! POSITION ( ! ,G]MAN WORK+ CLASS DUR+ ! W>4 ,FA!RL& 9 DANG]1 NATIONAL DEF5SE1 PEOPLE'S W> = EXI/5CE1 ,KULTUR1 LIB]TY - !SE W]E ! SLOGANS PROCLAIM$ BY ! P>LIAM5T>Y REPRES5TATIVES ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,:AT FOLL[$ WAS BUT ! LOGICAL SEQU5CE4 ,! POSITION ( ! P>TY & ! LABOR UNION PRESS1 ! PATRIOTIC FR5ZY ( ! MASSES1 ! CIVIL PEACE1 ! DIS9TEGRATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ALL !SE ?+S W]E ! 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE ( ?AT MOM5T\S ORI5TATION 9 ! ,REI*/AG4 

,IF IT IS TRUE ?AT ?IS W> IS REALLY A FI<T = NATIONAL EXI/5CE1 = FRE$OM1 IF IT IS TRUE ?AT !SE PRICELESS POSSESSIONS CAN BE DEF5D$ ONLY BY ! IRON TOOLS ( MURD]1 IF ?IS W> IS ! HOLY CAUSE ( ! PEOPLE1 !N EV]Y?+ ELSE FOLL[S AS A MATT] ( C\RSE1 WE MU/ TAKE EV]Y?+ ?AT ! W> MAY BR+ AS A P>T ( ! B>GA94 ,HE :O DESIRES ! PURPOSE MU/ BE SATISFI$ ) ! MEANS4 ,W> IS ME?ODICAL1 ORGANIZ$1 GIGANTIC MURD]4 ,BUT 9 NORMAL HUMAN BE+S ?IS SY/EMATIC MURD] IS POSSIBLE ONLY :5 A /ATE ( 9TOXICATION HAS BE5 PREVI\SLY CREAT$4 ,?IS HAS ALWAYS BE5 ! TRI$ & PROV5 ME?OD ( ?OSE :O MAKE W>4 ,BE/IALITY ( ACTION MU/ F9D A COMM5SURATE BE/IALITY ( ?\<T & S5SES2 ! LATT] MU/ PREP>E & ACCOMPANY ! =M]4 ,?US ! ,WAHRE ,JACOB ( ,AUGU/ #b#h1 #a#i#a#d1 ) ITS BRUTAL PICTURE ( ! ,G]MAN ?RE%]1 ! P>TY PAP]S ( ,*EMNITZ1 ,HAMBURG1 ,KIEL1 ,FRANKFURT1 ,KOBURG & O!RS1 ) !IR PATRIOTIC DRIVE 9 POETRY & PROSE1 W]E ! NECESS>Y N>COTIC = A PROLET>IAT ?AT C\LD RESCUE ITS EXI/5CE & ITS LIB]TY ONLY BY PLUNG+ ! DEADLY /EEL 9TO ITS ,FR5* & ,5GLI% BRO!RS4 ,!SE *AUV9I/IC PAP]S >E AFT] ALL A GREAT DEAL MORE LOGICAL & CONSI/5T ?AN ?OSE O!RS :O ATTEMPT$ TO UNITE HILL & VALLEY1 W> ) HUMANITY1 MURD] ) BRO!RLY LOVE1 ! VOT+ = W> CR$ITS ) SOCIALI/ 9T]NATIONALISM4 

,IF ! /& TAK5 BY ! ,G]MAN ,REI*/AG GR\P ON ! F\R? ( ,AUGU/ WAS CORRECT1 !N ! DEA? S5T5CE ( ! PROLET>IAN ,9T]NATIONAL HAS BE5 SPOK51 NOT ONLY = ?IS W>1 BUT =EV]4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME S9CE ! MOD]N LABOR MOVEM5T EXI/S !RE YAWNS AN ABYSS BETWE5 ! COMM&M5TS ( 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY ( ! PROLET>IAT ( ! WORLD & ! 9T]E/S ( FRE$OM & NATIONALI/ EXI/5CE ( ! PEOPLE2 = ! FIR/ TIME WE DISCOV] ?AT ! 9DEP5D5CE & LIB]TY ( ! NATIONS COMM& ?AT WORK+ M5 KILL & DE/ROY EA* O!R4 ,UP TO ?IS TIME WE HAVE *]I%$ ! BELIEF ?AT ! 9T]E/S ( ! PEOPLES ( ALL NATIONS1 ?AT ! CLASS 9T]E/S ( ! PROLET>IAT >E A H>MONI\S UNIT1 ?AT !Y >E ID5TICAL1 ?AT !Y CANNOT POSSIBLY COME 9TO CONFLICT ) ONE ANO!R4 ,?AT WAS ! BASIS ( \R !ORY & PRACTICE1 ! S\L ( \R AGITATION4 ,W]E WE MI/AK5 9 ! C>D9AL PO9T ( \R :OLE WORLD PHILOSOPHY8 ,WE >E HOLD+ AN 9QUE/ OV] 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALISM4 

,?IS WORLD W> IS NOT ! FIR/ CRISIS ?R\< :I* \R 9T]NATIONAL PR9CIPLES HAVE PASS$4 ,\R P>TY WAS FIR/ TRI$ =TY-FIVE YE>S AGO4 ,AT ?AT TIME1 ON ! TW5TY-FIR/ ( ,JULY1 #a#h#g1 ,WILHELM ,LIEBKNE*T & ,AUGU/ ,BEBEL MADE ! FOLL[+ HI/ORICAL DECL>ATION BE=E ! ,REI*/AG3 

0,! PRES5T W> IS A DYNA/IC W> 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! ,BONAP>TE DYNA/Y AS ! W> ( #ahff WAS CONDUCT$ 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! ,HOLL5ZOLL]N DYNA/Y4 

0,WE CANNOT VOTE = ! FUNDS :I* >E DEM&$ FROM ! ,REI*/AG TO CONDUCT ?IS W> BECAUSE ?IS W\LD BE1 9 EFFECT1 A VOTE ( CONFID5CE 9 ! ,PRUSSIAN GOV]NM5T4 ,& WE KN[ ?AT ! ,PRUSSIAN GOV]NM5T BY ITS ACTION 9 #ahff PREP>$ ?IS W>4 ,AT ! SAME TIME WE CANNOT VOTE AGA9/ ! BUDGET1 LE/ ?IS BE CON/RU$ TO MEAN ?AT WE SUPPORT ! CONSCI5CELESS & CRIM9AL POLICIES ( ,BONAP>TE4 

0,AS OPPON5TS1 ON PR9CIPLE1 ( EV]Y DYNA/IC W>1 AS SOCIALI/ REPUBLICANS & MEMB]S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION :I*1 )\T REG>D TO NATIONALITY1 HAS F\<T ALL OPPRESSORS1 HAS TRI$ TO UNITE ALL ! OPPRESS$ 9TO A GREAT B& ( BRO!RS1 WE CANNOT DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY L5D SUPPORT TO ! PRES5T W>4 ,WE !RE=E REFUSE TO VOTE1 :ILE EXPRESS+ ! E>NE/ HOPE ?AT ! PEOPLES ( ,EUROPE1 TAU<T BY ! PRES5T UNHOLY EV5TS1 WILL /RIVE TO W9 ! RI<T TO CONTROL !IR [N DE/9IES1 TO DO AWAY ) ! PRES5T RULE ( MI<T & CLASS AS ! CAUSE ( ALL SOCIAL & NATIONAL EVIL40 

,) ?IS DECL>ATION ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT PUT !IR CAUSE CLE>LY & UNRES]V$LY UND] ! BANN] ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL & DEF9ITELY REPUDIAT$ ! W> AGA9/ ,FRANCE AS A NATIONAL W> ( 9DEP5D5CE4 ,IT IS WELL KN[N ?AT ,BEBEL1 MANY YE>S LAT]1 9 HIS MEMOIRS1 /AT$ ?AT HE W\LD HAVE VOT$ AGA9/ ! W> LOAN HAD HE KN[N1 :5 ! VOTE WAS TAK51 ! ?+S ?AT W]E REVEAL$ 9 ! YE>S ?AT FOLL[$4 

,?US1 9 A W> ?AT WAS CONSID]$ BY ! :OLE B\RGEOIS PUBLIC1 & BY A P[]FUL MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ,BISM>CKIAN /RATEGY1 AS A W> 9 ! NATIONAL LIFE 9T]E/ ( ,G]MANY1 ! LEAD]S ( ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY HELD FIRMLY TO ! CONVICTION ?AT ! LIFE 9T]E/ ( A NATION & ! CLASS 9T]E/ ( ! PROLET>IAT >E ONE1 ?AT BO? >E OPPOS$ TO W>4 ,IT WAS LEFT TO ! PRES5T WORLD W> & TO ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC ,REI*/AG GR\P TO UNCOV]1 = ! FIR/ TIME1 ! T]RIBLE DILEMMA3 EI!R Y\ >E = NATIONAL LIB]TY - OR = 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALISM4 

,N[ ! FUNDAM5TAL FACT 9 ! DECL>ATION ( \R ,REI*/AG GR\P WAS1 9 ALL PROBABILITY1 A SUDD5 9SPIRATION4 ,IT WAS SIMPLY AN E*O ( ! CR[N SPEE* & ( ! *ANCELLOR'S SPEE* ( ,AUGU/ #d4 0,WE >E NOT DRIV5 BY ! DESIRE = CONQUE/10 WE HE> 9 ! CR[N SPEE*1 0WE >E 9SPIR$ BY ! UNALT]ABLE DET]M9ATION TO PRES]VE ! L& UPON :I* ,GOD HAS PLAC$ US = \RSELVES1 & = ALL COM+ G5]ATIONS4 ,FROM ! DOCUM5TS ?AT HAVE BE5 PRES5T$ TO Y\1 Y\ WILL HAVE SE5 H[ MY GOV]NM5T1 & ABOVE ALL MY *ANCELLOR /ROVE1 TO ! LA/1 TO AV]T ! UTMO/4 ,WE GRASP ! SWORD 9 SELF-DEF5SE1 ) A CLE> CONSCI5CE & A CLEAN H&40 ,& ,BE?MANN-,HOLLWEG DECL>$3 

0,G5TLEM51 WE >E ACT+ 9 SELF-DEF5SE1 & NECESSITY KN[S NO LAW4 ,HE :O IS ?REAT5$ AS WE >E ?REAT5$1 HE :O IS FI<T+ = ! HI<E/ AIMS CAN BE GUID$ BY BUT ONE CONSID]ATION1 H[ BE/ TO BEAT HIS WAY \T ( ! /RUGGLE4 ,WE >E FI<T+ = ! FRUITS ( \R PEACEFUL LABOR1 = ! H]ITAGE ( \R GREAT PA/1 = ! FUTURE ( \R NATION40 

,:]E9 DOES ?IS DIFF] FROM ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC DECL>ATION8 7#a7 ,WE HAVE DONE EV]Y?+ TO PRES]VE PEACE1 ! W> WAS =C$ UPON US BY O!RS4 7#b7 ,N[ ?AT ! W> IS H]E WE MU/ ACT 9 SELF-DEF5SE4 7#c7 ,9 ?IS W> ! ,G]MAN PEOPLE >E 9 DANG] ( LOS+ EV]Y?+4 ,?IS DECL>ATION ( \R ,REI*/AG GR\P IS AN OBVI\S REHA%+ ( ! GOV]NM5T DECL>ATION4 ,AS ! LATT] BAS$ !IR CLAIMS UPON DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS & IMP]IAL TELEGRAMS1 SO ! SOCIALI/ GR\P PO9TS TO PEACE DEMON/RATIONS ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY BE=E ! W>4 ,:]E ! CR[N SPEE* D5IES ALL AIMS ( CONQUE/1 ! ,REI*/AG GR\P REPUDIATES A W> ( CONQUE/ BY /&+ UPON ITS SOCIALISM4 ,& :5 ! EMP]OR & *ANCELLOR CRY \T1 0,WE >E FI<T+ = ! HI<E/ PR9CIPLES4 ,WE KN[ NO P>TIES1 WE KN[ ONLY ,G]MANS10 ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC DECL>ATION E*OES3 0,\R PEOPLE RISK EV]Y?+4 ,9 ?IS H\R ( DANG] WE WILL NOT DES]T \R FA!RL&40 

,ONLY 9 ONE PO9T DOES ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC DECL>ATION DIFF] FROM ITS GOV]NM5T MODEL3 IT PLAC$ ! DANG] ( ,RUSSIAN DESPOTISM 9 ! =EGR\ND ( ITS ORI5TATION1 AS A DANG] TO ,G]MAN FRE$OM4 ,! CR[N SPEE* SAYS1 REG>D+ ,RUSSIA3 ) A HEAVY HE>T ,I HAVE BE5 =C$ TO MOBILIZE AGA9/ A NEI<BOR ) :OM ,I HAVE F\<T UPON SO MANY BATTLEFIELDS4 ,) HONE/ SORR[ ,I HAVE SE5 A FRI5D%IP FAI?FULLY KEPT BY ,G]MANY FALL TO PIECES40 ,! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC GR\P *ANG$ ?IS SORR[FUL RUPTURE ( A TRUE FRI5D%IP ) ! ,RUSSIAN CZ> 9TO A FANF>E = LIB]TY AGA9/ DESPOTISM1 US$ ! REVOLUTION>Y H]ITAGE ( SOCIALISM TO GIVE TO ! W> A DEMOCRATIC MANTLE1 A POPUL> HALO4 ,H]E ALONE ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC DECL>ATION GIVES EVID5CE ( 9DEP5D5T ?\<T ON ! P>T ( \R SOCIAL DEMOCRATS4 

,AS WE HAVE SAID1 ALL !SE ?+S CAME TO ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AS A SUDD5 9SPIRATION ON ! F\R? ( ,AUGU/4 ,ALL ?AT !Y HAD SAID UP TO ?IS DAY1 EV]Y DECL>ATION ?AT !Y HAD MADE1 D[N TO ! V]Y EVE ( ! W>1 WAS 9 DIAMETRICAL OPPOSITION TO ! DECL>ATION ( ! ,REI*/AG GR\P4 ,! ,VORW>TS WROTE ON ,JULY #b#e1 :5 ! ,AU/RIAN ULTIMATUM TO ,S]BIA WAS PUBLI%$3 0,!Y WANT ! W>1 ! UNSCRUPUL\S ELEM5TS ?AT 9FLU5CE & DET]M9E ! ,WI5] ,H(BURG4 ,!Y WANT ! W> - IT HAS BE5 R++ \T ( ! WILD CRIES ( ! BLACK-YELL[ PRESS = WEEKS4 ,!Y WANT ! W> - ! ,AU/RIAN ULTIMATUM TO ,S]BIA MAKES IT PLA9 & CLE> TO ! WORLD4 

0,BECAUSE ! BLOOD ( ,FRANZ ,F]D9& & HIS WIFE FL[$ UND] ! %OTS ( AN 9SANE FANATIC1 %ALL ! BLOOD ( ?\S&S ( WORK]S & F>M]S BE %$8 ,%ALL ONE 9SANE CRIME BE PURG$ BY ANO!R EV5 MORE 9SANE8 444 ,! ,AU/RIAN ULTIMATUM MAY BE ! TOR* ?AT WILL SET ,EUROPE 9 FLAMES AT ALL F\R CORN]S4 

0,= ?IS ULTIMATUM1 9 ITS =M & 9 ITS DEM&S1 IS SO %AMELESS1 ?AT A ,S]BIAN GOV]NM5T ?AT %\LD HUMBLY RETREAT BE=E ?IS NOTE1 W\LD HAVE TO RECKON ) ! POSSIBILITY ( BE+ DRIV5 \T BY ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE BETWE5 D9N] & DESS]T 4444 

0,IT WAS A CRIME ( ! *AUV9I/IC PRESS ( ,G]MANY TO EGG ON \R DE> ALLY TO ! UTMO/ 9 ITS DESIRE = W>4 ,& BEYOND A D\BT1 ,H]R VON ,BE?MANN-,HOLLWEG PROMIS$ ,H]R ,B]*TOLD \R SUPPORT4 ,BUT ,B]L9 IS PLAY+ A GAME AS DANG]\S AS ?AT BE+ PLAY$ BY ,VI5NA40 

,! ,LEIPZIG] ,VOLKSZEITUNG WROTE ON ,JULY #b#d3 

0,! ,AU/RIAN MILIT>Y P>TY HAS /AK$ EV]Y?+ ON ONE C>D1 = 9 NO C\NTRY 9 ! WORLD HAS NATIONAL & MILIT>Y *AUV9ISM ANY?+ TO LOSE4 ,9 ,AU/RIA *AUV9I/IC CIRCLES >E P>TICUL>LY BANKRUPT2 !IR NATIONALI/IC H[LS >E A FRANTIC ATTEMPT TO COV] UP ,AU/RIA'S ECONOMIC RU91 ! ROBB]Y & MURD] ( W> TO FILL ITS C(F]S 4440 

,! ,DRESD5 ,VOLKSZEITUNG SAID1 ON ! SAME DAY3 

0,?US F> ! W> MANIACS ( ! ,WI5] ,BALLPLATZ HAVE FAIL$ TO FURNI% PRO( ?AT W\LD JU/IFY ,AU/RIA 9 ! DEM&S IT HAS MADE UPON ,S]BIA4 ,SO LONG AS ! ,AU/RIAN GOV]NM5T IS NOT 9 A POSITION TO DO ?IS1 IT PLACES ITSELF1 BY ITS PROVOCATIVE & 9SULT+ ATTACKS UPON ,S]BIA1 9 A FALSE POSITION BE=E ALL ,EUROPE4 ,& EV5 IF ,S]BIA'S GUILT WAS PROV51 EV5 IF ! ASSASS9ATION 9 ,S>AJEVO HAD ACTUALLY BE5 PREP>$ UND] ! EYES ( ! ,S]BIAN GOV]NM5T1 ! DEM&S MADE 9 ! NOTE >E F> 9 EXCESS ( NORMAL B\NDS4 ,ONLY ! MO/ UNSCRUPUL\S W> LU/ CAN EXPLA9 SU* DEM&S UPON ANO!R /ATE444 40 

,! ,MU5*5] ,PO/1 ON ,JULY #b#e1 WROTE3 

0,?IS ,AU/RIAN NOTE IS A DOCUM5T UNEQUAL$ 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! LA/ TWO C5TURIES4 ,UPON ! F9D+S ( AN 9VE/IGATION :OSE CONT5TS HAVE1 TILL N[1 BE5 KEPT FROM ! ,EUROPEAN PUBLIC1 )\T C\RT PROCE$+S AGA9/ ! MURD]] ( ! HEIR PRESUMPTIVE & HIS SP\SE1 IT MAKES DEM&S ON ,S]BIA1 ! ACCEPTANCE ( :I* W\LD MEAN NATIONAL SUICIDE TO ,S]BIA 4440 

,! ,S*LESWIG-,HOL/E9 ,VOLKSZEITUNG DECL>$1 ON ! TW5TY-F\R? ( ,JULY3 

0,AU/RIA IS PROVOK+ ,S]BIA4 ,AU/RIA-,HUNG>Y WANTS W>1 & IS COMMITT+ A CRIME ?AT MAY DR[N ALL ,EUROPE 9 BLOOD 444 ,AU/RIA IS PLAY+ VA BANQUE4 ,IT D>ES A PROVOCATION ( ! ,S]BIAN /ATE ?AT ! LATT]1 IF IT IS NOT 5TIRELY DEF5SELESS1 WILL C]TA9LY REFUSE TO TOL]ATE 444 

0,EV]Y CIVILIZ$ P]SON MU/ PROTE/ EMPHATICALLY AGA9/ ! CRIM9AL BEHAVIOR ( ! ,AU/RIAN RUL]S4 ,IT IS ! DUTY ( ! WORK]S ABOVE ALL1 & ( ALL O!R HUMAN BE+S :O HONOR PEACE & CIVILIZATION1 TO TRY !IR UTMO/ TO PREV5T ! CONSEQU5CES ( ! BLOODY 9SANITY ?AT HAS BROK5 \T 9 ,VI5NA40 

,! ,MAGDEBURG] ,VOLKS/IMME ( ,JULY #be SAID3 

0,ANY ,S]BIAN GOV]NM5T ?AT EV5 PRET5D$ TO CONSID] !SE DEM&S S]I\SLY W\LD BE SWEPT \T 9 ! SAME H\R BY ! P>LIAM5T & BY ! PEOPLE4 

0,! ACTION ( ,AU/RIA IS ! MORE DESPICABLE BECAUSE ,B]*TOLD IS /&+ BE=E ! ,S]BIAN GOV]NM5T & BE=E ,EUROPE ) EMPTY H&S4 

0,TO PRECIPITATE A W> SU* AS ?IS AT ! PRES5T TIME MEANS TO 9VITE A WORLD W>4 ,TO ACT ?US %[S A DESIRE TO DI/URB ! PEACE ( AN 5TIRE HEMISPH]E4 ,ONE CANNOT ?US MAKE MORAL CONQUE/S1 OR CONV9CE NON-P>TICIPANTS ( ONE'S [N RI<TE\SNESS4 ,IT CAN BE SAFELY ASSUM$ ?AT ! PRESS ( ,EUROPE1 & ) IT ! ,EUROPEAN GOV]NM5TS1 WILL CALL ! VA+LORI\S & S5SELESS ,VI5NESE /ATESM5 5]GETICALLY & UNMI/AKABLY TO ORD]40 

,ON ,JULY #bd ! ,FRANKFURT] ,VOLKS/IMME WROTE3 

0,UPHELD BY ! AGITATION ( ! CL]ICAL PRESS1 :I* M\RNS 9 ,FRANZ ,F]D9& ITS BE/ FRI5D & DEM&S ?AT HIS DEA? BE AV5G$ UPON ! ,S]BIAN PEOPLE1 UPHELD BY ,G]MAN W> PATRIOTS :OSE LANGUAGE BECOMES DAILY MORE CONTEMPTIBLE & MORE ?REAT5+1 ! ,AU/RIAN GOV]NM5T HAS ALL[$ ITSELF TO BE DRIV5 TO S5D AN ULTIMATUM TO ,S]BIA C\*$ 9 LANGUAGE ?AT1 = PRESUMPTI\SNESS1 LEAVES LITTLE TO BE DESIR$2 CONTA9+ DEM&S :OSE FULFILLM5T BY ! ,S]BIAN GOV]NM5T IS MANIFE/LY IMPOSSIBLE40 

,ON ! SAME DAY ! ,ELB]FELD] ,FREIE ,PRESSE WROTE3 

0,A TELEGRAM ( ! SEMI(FICIAL ,WOLFF ,BUREAU REPORTS ! T]MS ( ! DEM&S MADE ON ,S]BIA BY ,AU/RIA4 ,FROM !SE IT MAY BE GA!R$ ?AT ! RUL]S 9 ,VI5NA >E PU%+ T[>D W> ) ALL !IR MI<T4 ,= ! CONDITIONS IMPOS$ BY ! NOTE ?AT WAS PRES5T$ 9 ,BELGRADE LA/ NI<T >E NO?+ %ORT ( A PROTECTORATE ( ,AU/RIA OV] ,S]BIA4 ,IT IS EM95TLY NECESS>Y ?AT ! DIPLOMATS ( ,B]L9 MAKE ! W> AGITATORS ( ,VI5NA UND]/& ?AT ,G]MANY WILL NOT MOVE A F+] TO SUPPORT SU* \TRAGE\S DEM&S1 ?AT A )DRAWAL ( ! ?REATS W\LD BE ADVISABLE40 

,! ,B]GIS*E ,>BEIT]/IMME ( ,SOL+5 WRITES3 

0,AU/RIA DEM&S A CONFLICT ) ,S]BIA1 & USES ! ASSASS9ATION AT ,S>AJEVO AS A PRETEXT = PUTT+ ,S]BIA MORALLY 9 ! WRONG4 ,BUT ! :OLE MATT] HAS BE5 APPROA*$ TOO CLUMSILY TO 9FLU5CE ,EUROPEAN PUBLIC OP9ION4 

0,BUT IF ! W> AGITATORS ( ! ,WI5] ,BALLPLATZ BELIEVE ?AT !IR ALLIES ( ! ,TRIPLE ,ALLIANCE1 ,G]MANY & ,ITALY1 WILL COME TO !IR ASSI/ANCE 9 A CONFLICT 9 :I* ,RUSSIA1 TOO1 WILL BE 9VOLV$1 !Y >E SUFF]+ FROM A DANG]\S ILLUSION4 ,ITALY W\LD WELCOME ! WEAK5+ ( ,AU/RIA-,HUNG>Y1 ITS RIVAL ON ! ,ADRIATIC & 9 ! ,BALKANS1 & W\LD C]TA9LY DECL9E TO BURN ITS F+]S TO HELP ,AU/RIA4 ,9 ,G]MANY1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! P[]S ?AT BE - EV5 %\LD !Y BE SO FOOLI% AS TO WI% IT - W\LD NOT D>E TO RISK ! LIFE ( A S+LE SOLDI] TO SATISFY ! CRIM9AL LU/ = P[] ( ! ,HABSBURG]S )\T >\S+ ! FURY ( ! 5TIRE PEOPLE40 

,?US ! 5TIRE WORK+-CLASS PRESS1 )\T EXCEPTION1 JUDG$ ! W>'S CAUSES A WEEK BE=E ITS \TBREAK4 ,OBVI\SLY ! QUE/ION WAS ONE ( NEI!R ! EXI/5CE NOR ! FRE$OM ( ,G]MANY1 BUT A %AMEFUL ADV5TURE ( ! ,AU/RIAN W> P>TY2 NOT A QUE/ION ( SELF-DEF5SE1 NATIONAL PROTECTION & A HOLY W> =C$ UPON US 9 ! NAME ( FRE$OM1 BUT A BOLD PROVOCATION1 AN ABOM9ABLE ?REAT AGA9/ =EIGN1 ,S]BIAN 9DEP5D5CE & LIB]TY4 

,:AT WAS IT ?AT HAPP5$ ON ,AUGU/ #d TO TURN ?IS CLE>LY DEF9$ & SO UNANIM\SLY ACCEPT$ ATTITUDE ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY UPSIDE D[N8 ,ONLY ONE NEW FACTOR HAD APPE>$ - ! ,:ITE ,BOOK ?AT WAS PRES5T$ TO ! ,REI*/AG BY ! ,G]MAN GOV]NM5T ON ?AT DAY4 ,& ?IS CONTA9$1 ON PAGE #d1 ! FOLL[+3 

0,UND] !SE CIRCUM/ANCES ,AU/RIA MU/ SAY TO ITSELF ?AT IT IS 9COMPATIBLE ) ! DIGNITY & ! SAFETY ( ! MON>*Y TO REMA9 9ACTIVE ANY LONG] 9 ! FACE ( ! OCCURR5CES ACROSS ! BORD]4 ,! ,AU/RIAN IMP]IAL GOV]NM5T HAS NOTIFI$ US ( ?IS1 !IR ATTITUDE1 & HAS BEGG$ US TO /ATE \R VIEWS4 ,\T ( A FULL HE>T WE C\LD BUT ASSURE \R ALLY ( \R AGREEM5T ) ?IS 9T]PRETATION ( CONDITIONS & ASSURE HIM ?AT ANY ACTION ?AT W\LD SEEM NECESS>Y TO PUT AN 5D TO ,S]BIAN ATTEMPTS AGA9/ ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,AU/RIAN MON>*Y W\LD MEET ) \R APPROVAL4 ,WE FULLY REALIZ$ ?AT EV5TUAL W> MEASURES UND]TAK5 BY ,AU/RIA MU/ BR+ ,RUSSIA 9TO ! SITUATION & ?AT WE1 9 ORD] TO C>RY \T \R DUTY AS ALLY1 MI<T BE DRIV5 9TO W>4 ,BUT WE C\LD NOT1 REALIZ+ AS WE DID ?AT ! MO/ VITAL 9T]E/S ( ,AU/RIA-,HUNG>Y W]E ?REAT5$1 ADVISE \R ALLY TO ADOPT A POLICY ( ACQUIESC5CE1 ?AT C\LD NOT POSSIBLY BE BR\<T 9TO ACCORD ) ITS DIGNITY1 NOR C\LD WE REFUSE TO L5D \R AID 9 ?IS ATTITUDE4 

0,& WE W]E P>TICUL>LY PREV5T$ FROM TAK+ ?IS /& BY ! FACT ?AT ! P]SI/5T SUBV]SIVE ,S]BIAN AGITATION S]I\SLY JEOP>DIZ$ US4 ,IF ! ,S]BIANS HAD BE5 P]MITT$1 ) ! AID ( ,RUSSIA & ,FRANCE1 TO CONT9UE TO ?REAT5 ! EXI/5CE ( ! NEI<BOR+ MON>*Y1 !RE W\LD HAVE 5SU$ A GRADUAL COLLAPSE ( ,AU/RIA & A SUBJECTION ( ALL ! ,SLAVIC RACES UND] ! ,RUSSIAN SCEPT]1 :I* W\LD HAVE R5D]$ UNT5ABLE ! SITUATION ( ! ,G]MANIC RACE 9 ,C5TRAL ,EUROPE4 ,A MORALLY WEAK5$ ,AU/RIA1 SUCCUMB+ BE=E ! ADVANCE ( ,RUSSIAN ,PAN-,SLAVISM1 W\LD NO LONG] BE AN ALLY ON :I* WE C\LD C\NT & DEP5D1 AS WE >E OBLIG$ TO DO 9 VIEW ( ! 9CREAS+LY M5AC+ ATTITUDE ( \R NEI<BORS TO ! ,EA/ & TO ! ,WE/4 ,WE !RE=E GAVE ,AU/RIA A FREE H& 9 H] PROCE$+S AGA9/ ,S]BIA4 ,WE HAVE HAD NO %>E 9 ! PREP>ATIONS40 

,!SE W]E ! WORDS ?AT LAY BE=E ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC ,REI*/AG GR\P ON ,AUGU/ #d1 ! ONLY IMPORTANT & DET]M9+ PHRASES 9 ! 5TIRE ,:ITE ,BOOK1 A CONCISE DECL>ATION ( ! ,G]MAN GOV]NM5T BESIDE :I* ALL O!R YELL[1 GRAY1 BLUE1 ORANGE BOOKS ON ! DIPLOMATIC PASSAGES ?AT PREC$$ ! W> & ITS MO/ IMM$IATE CAUSES BECOME ABSOLUTELY IRRELEVANT & 9SIGNIFICANT4 ,H]E ! ,REI*/AG GR\P HAD ! KEY TO A CORRECT JUDGM5T ( ! SITUATION 9 H&4 ,! 5TIRE SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PRESS1 A WEEK BE=E1 HAD CRI$ \T ?AT ! ,AU/RIAN ULTIMATUM WAS A CRIM9AL PROVOCATION ( ! WORLD W> & DEM&$ PREV5TIVE & PACIFIC ACTION ON ! P>T ( ! ,G]MAN GOV]NM5T4 ,! 5TIRE SOCIALI/ PRESS ASSUM$ ?AT ! ,AU/RIAN ULTIMATUM HAD DESC5D$ UPON ! ,G]MAN GOV]NM5T LIKE A BOLT FROM ! BLUE AS IT HAD UPON ! ,G]MAN PUBLIC4 

,BUT N[ ! ,:ITE ,BOOK DECL>$1 BRIEFLY & CLE>LY3 

,?AT ! ,AU/RIAN GOV]NM5T HAD REQUE/$ ,G]MAN SANCTION BE=E TAK+ A F9AL /EP AGA9/ ,S]BIA4 

,?AT ! ,G]MAN GOV]NM5T CLE>LY UND]/OOD ?AT ! ACTION UND]TAK5 BY ,AU/RIA W\LD LEAD TO W> ) ,S]BIA1 & ULTIMATELY1 TO ,EUROPEAN W>4 

,?AT ! ,G]MAN GOV]NM5T DID NOT ADVISE ,AU/RIA TO GIVE 91 BUT ON ! CONTR>Y DECL>$ ?AT AN ACQUIESC5T1 WEAK5$ ,AU/RIA C\LD NOT BE REG>D$ AS A WOR?Y ALLY ( ,G]MANY4 

,?AT ! ,G]MAN GOV]NM5T ASSUR$ ,AU/RIA1 BE=E IT ADVANC$ AGA9/ ,S]BIA1 ( ITS ASSI/ANCE UND] ALL CIRCUM/ANCES1 9 CASE ( W>1 & F9ALLY1 

,?AT ! ,G]MAN GOV]NM5T1 )AL1 HAD NOT RES]V$ = ITSELF CONTROL OV] ! DECISIVE ULTIMATUM FROM ,AU/RIA TO ,S]BIA1 UPON :I* ! :OLE WORLD W> DEP5D$1 BUT HAD LEFT TO ,AU/RIA 0AN ABSOLUTELY FREE H&40 

,ALL ( ?IS \R ,REI*/AG GR\P LE>N$ ON ,AUGU/ #d4 ,& /ILL ANO!R FACT IT LE>N$ FROM ! GOV]NM5T - ?AT ,G]MAN =CES ALREADY HAD 9VAD$ ,BELGIUM4 ,& FROM ALL ?IS ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC GR\P CONCLUD$ ?AT ?IS IS A W> ( DEF5SE AGA9/ =EIGN 9VASION1 = ! EXI/5CE ( ! FA!RL&1 = 0,KULTUR10 A W> = LIB]TY AGA9/ ,RUSSIAN DESPOTISM4 

,WAS ! OBVI\S BACKGR\ND ( ! W>1 & ! SC5]Y ?AT SO SCANTILY CONCEAL$ IT1 WAS ! :OLE DIPLOMATIC P]=MANCE ?AT WAS ACT$ \T AT ! \TBREAK ( ! W>1 ) ITS CLAMOR AB\T A WORLD ( 5EMIES1 ALL ?REAT5+ ! LIFE ( ,G]MANY1 ALL MOV$ ! ONE DESIRE TO WEAK51 TO HUMILIATE1 TO SUBJUGATE ! ,G]MAN PEOPLE & NATION - W]E ALL !SE ?+S SU* A COMPLETE SURPRISE8 ,DID !SE FACTORS ACTUALLY CALL = MORE JUDGM5T1 MORE CRITICAL SAGACITY ?AN !Y POSSESS$8 ,NO:]E WAS ?IS LESS TRUE ?AN ( \R P>TY4 ,IT HAD ALREADY GONE ?R\< TWO GREAT ,G]MAN W>S1 & 9 BO? ( !M HAD RECEIV$ MEMORABLE LESSONS4 

,EV5 A POORLY 9=M$ /UD5T ( HI/ORY KN[S ?AT ! W> ( #ahff AGA9/ ,AU/RIA WAS SY/EMATICALLY PREP>$ BY ,BISM>CK LONG BE=E IT BROKE \T1 & ?AT HIS POLICIES1 FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+1 L$ 9EVITABLY TO A RUPTURE & TO W> ) ,AU/RIA4 ,! CR[N PR9CE HIMSELF1 LAT] ,EMP]OR ,FR$]ICK1 9 HIS MEMOIRS UND] ! DATE ( ,NOVEMB] #ad ( ?AT YE>1 SPEAKS ( ?IS PURPOSE ( ! *ANCELLOR3 

0,HE 7,BISM>CK71 :5 HE W5T 9TO (FICE1 WAS FIRMLY RESOLV$ TO BR+ ,PRUSSIA TO A W> ) ,AU/RIA1 BUT WAS V]Y C>EFUL NOT TO BETRAY ?IS PURPOSE1 EI!R AT ?AT TIME OR ON ANY O!R PREMATURE OCCASION TO ,HIS ,MAJE/Y1 UNTIL ! TIME SEEM$ FAVORABLE40 

0,COMP>E ) ?IS CONFESSION10 SAYS ,AU] 9 HIS BRO*URE ,DIE ,S$ANFEI] UND DIE ,SOZIALDEMOKRATIE 0! PROCLAMATION ?AT ,K+ ,WILLIAM S5T \T 'TO MY PEOPLE'4 

0,! FA!RL& IS 9 DANG]6 ,AU/RIA & A L>GE P>T ( ,G]MANY HAVE RIS5 9 >MS AGA9/ US4 

0,IT IS ONLY A FEW YE>S AGO S9CE ,I1 ( MY [N FREE WILL1 )\T ?9K+ ( =M] MISUND]/&+S1 HELD \T A FRAT]NAL H& TO ,AU/RIA 9 ORD] TO SAVE A ,G]MAN NATION FROM =EIGN DOM9ATION4 ,BUT MY HOPES HAVE BE5 BLA/$4 ,AU/RIA CANNOT =GET ?AT ITS LORDS ONCE RUL$ ,G]MANY2 IT REFUSES TO SEE 9 ! Y\NG]1 MORE VIRILE ,PRUSSIA AN ALLY1 BUT P]SI/S 9 REG>D+ IT AS A DANG]\S RIVAL4 ,PRUSSIA - SO IT BELIEVES - MU/ BE OPPOS$ 9 ALL ITS AIMS1 BECAUSE :ATEV] FAVORS ,PRUSSIA H>MS ,AU/RIA4 ,! OLD UNHOLY JEAL\SY HAS AGA9 BROK5 \T2 ,PRUSSIA IS TO BE WEAK5$1 DE/ROY$1 DI%ONOR$4 ,ALL TREATIES ) ,PRUSSIA >E VOID1 ,G]MAN LORDS >E NOT ONLY CALL$ UPON1 BUT P]SUAD$1 TO SEV] !IR ALLIANCE ) ,PRUSSIA4 ,:]EV] WE LOOK 9 ,G]MANY1 WE >E SURR\ND$ BY 5EMIES :OSE W> CRY IS - ,D[N ) ,PRUSSIA60 

,PRAY+ = ! BLESS+S ( HEAV51 ,K+ ,WILLIAM ORD]$ A G5]AL DAY ( PRAY] & P5ANCE = ! EI<TE5? ( ,JULY1 SAY+3 0,IT HAS NOT PLEAS$ ,GOD TO CR[N ) SUCCESS MY ATTEMPTS TO PRES]VE ! BLESS+S ( PEACE = MY PEOPLE40 

,%\LD NOT ! (FICIAL ACCOMPANIM5T TO ! \TBREAK ( ! W> ON ,AUGU/ #d HAVE AWAK5$ 9 ! M9DS ( \R GR\P VIVID MEMORIES ( LONG REMEMB]$ WORDS & MELODIES8 ,HAD !Y COMPLETELY =GOTT5 !IR P>TY HI/ORY8 

,BUT NOT 5\<6 ,9 ! YE> #ahg !RE CAME ! W> ) ,FRANCE1 & HI/ORY HAS UNIT$ ITS \TBREAK ) AN UN=GETTABLE OCCURR5CE3 ! ,EMS DISPAT*1 A DOCUM5T ?AT HAS BECOME A CLASSIC BYWORD = CAPITALI/ GOV]NM5T >T 9 W> MAK+1 & :I* M>KS A MEMORABLE EPISODE 9 \R P>TY HI/ORY4 ,WAS IT NOT OLD ,LIEBKNE*T1 WAS IT NOT ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY :O FELT 9 DUTY B\ND1 AT ?AT TIME1 TO DISCLOSE !SE FACTS & TO %[ TO ! MASSES 0H[ W>S >E MADE08 

,MAK+ W> SIMPLY & SOLELY = ! PROTECTION ( ! FA!RL& WAS1 BY ! WAY1 NOT ,BISM>CK'S 9V5TION4 ,HE ONLY C>RI$ \T1 ) *>ACT]I/IC UNSCRUPUL\SNESS1 AN OLD1 WELL-KN[N & TRULY 9T]NATIONAL RECIPE ( CAPITALI/ /ATESMAN%IP4 ,:5 & :]E HAS !RE BE5 A W> S9CE SO-CALL$ PUBLIC OP9ION HAS PLAY$ A ROLE 9 GOV]NM5TAL CALCULATIONS1 9 :I* EA* & EV]Y BELLIG]5T P>TY DID NOT1 ) A HEAVY HE>T1 DRAW ! SWORD FROM ITS %EA? = ! S+LE & SOLE PURPOSE ( DEF5D+ ITS FA!RL& & ITS [N RI<TE\S CAUSE FROM ! %AMEFUL ATTACKS ( ! 5EMY8 ,?IS LEG5D IS AS 9EXTRICABLY A P>T ( ! GAME ( W> AS P[D] & LEAD4 ,! GAME IS OLD4 ,ONLY ?AT ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY C\LD PLAY IT IS NEW4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiad 3 ,*APT] #b -- ,PUBLICATION4 

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