,! ,I4,W4,W4 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,JAMES ,PATRICK ,CANNON 

,TEXT 3 

,! ,BOLD ,DESIGN 

,:5 ! ,F\ND+ ,CONV5TION ( ! ,I,W,W -- ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD @&_?#a#e#a2 ASSEMBL$ 9 ,*ICAGO 9 ,JUNE1 #a#i#e1 ! G5]AL /RIKE MOVEM5T 9ITIAT+ ! FIR/ ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION WAS ALREADY UND] WAY1 & ITS REV]B]ATIONS W]E HE>D 9 ! CONV5TION HALL4 ,! TWO EV5TS CO9CID$ TO GIVE ! WORLD A PREVIEW ( ITS FUTURE4 ,! LEAD]S AT ,*ICAGO HAIL$ ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AS !IR [N4 ,! TWO SIMULTANE\S ACTIONS1 >IS+ 9DEP5D5TLY ) HALF A WORLD BETWE5 !M1 SIGNALIZ$ ! OP5+ ( A REVOLUTION>Y C5TURY4 ,!Y W]E ! ANTICIPATIONS ( ?+S TO COME4 

,! DEFEAT$ ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION ( #aie PREP>$ ! WAY = ! VICTORI\S REVOLUTION ( #a#i#a#g4 ,IT WAS ! @&_?#a#d#g2DRESS REHE>SAL1@&_?#a#d#h2 AS ,L59 SAID1 & ?AT EVALUATION IS N[ UNIV]SALLY RECOGNIZ$4 ,! ,F\ND+ ,CONV5TION ( ! ,M,W WAS ALSO A REHE>SAL2 & IT MAY WELL /& \T 9 ! F9AL ACC\NT AS NO LESS IMPORTANT ?AN ! ,RUSSIAN ACTION AT ! SAME TIME4 

,! F\ND]S ( ! ,I,W,W W]E 9DUBITABLY ! ORIG9AL 9SPIR]S & PRIME MOV]S ( ! MOD]N 9DU/RIAL UNIONS 9 ! MASS PRODUCTION 9DU/RIES4 ,?AT IS COMMONLY ADMITT$ ALREADY1 & ?AT@&_?#a#d#f2S A LOT4 ,BUT EV5 SU* A RECOGNITION ( ! ,I,W,W1 AS ! PRECURSOR ( ! PRES5T ,C,I,O1 FALLS F> %ORT ( A FULL E/IMATE ( ITS HI/ORIC SIGNIFICANCE4 ,! ,C,I,O MOVEM5T1 AT ITS PRES5T /AGE ( DEVELOPM5T1 IS ONLY A SMALL D[N PAYM5T ON ! DEM&S PRES5T$ TO ! FUTURE BY ! PIONE]S :O ASSEMBL$ AT ! #aie ,CONV5TION TO />T ! ,I,W,W ON ITS WAY4 
  

,! ,F\ND+ ,CONV5TION ( ! ,I,W,W BR\<T TOGE!R ON A COMMON PLAT=M ! ?REE GIANTS AMONG \R ANCE/ORS -- ,DEBS1 ,HAYWOOD & ,DE ,LEON4 ,!Y CAME FROM DIFF]5T BACKGR\NDS & FIELDS ( ACTIVITY1 & !Y SOON P>T$ COMPANY AGA94 ,BUT ! ?+S !Y SAID & DID1 ?AT ONE TIME !Y TEAM$ UP TO SET A NEW MOVEM5T ON FOOT1 C\LD NOT BE UNDONE4 ,!Y WROTE A ,*>T] = ! ,AM]ICAN WORK+ CLASS :I* HAS ALREADY 9SPIR$ & 9FLU5C$ MORE ?AN ONE G5]ATION ( LABOR MILITANTS4 ,& 9 ITS MA9 ESS5TIALS IT WILL 9FLU5CE O!R G5]ATIONS YET TO COME4 
  

,!Y W]E BIG M51 & !Y ALL GREW TALL] :5 !Y /OOD TOGE!R4 ,!Y W]E DI/+UI%$ FROM !IR CONTEMPOR>IES1 AS FROM ! TRADE -- UNION LEAD]S ( TODAY1 BY ! IMM5SITY ( !IR AMBITION :I* TRANSC5D$ P]SONAL CONC]NS1 BY !IR4 F> @&_?#a#e#a2 REA*+ VISION ( A WORLD TO BE REMADE BY ! P[] ( ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S1 & BY !IR TOTAL COMMITM5T TO ?AT 5DEAVOR4 

,! GREAT MAJORITY ( ! O!R DELEGATES :O ANSW]$ ! CALL TO ! ,F\ND+ ,CONV5TION ( ! ,I,W,W W]E PEOPLE ( ! SAME QUALITY4 ,!Y W]E ! NON -- CON=MI/S1 ! /IFF-NECK$ IRRECONCILABLES1 AT W> ) CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,RADICALS1 REBELS & REVOLUTIONI/S />T$ ! ,I,W,W1 AS !Y HAVE />T$ EV]Y O!R PROGRESSIVE MOVEM5T 9 ! HI/ORY ( ?IS C\NTRY4 
  

,9 !SE DAYS :5 LABOR LEAD]S TRY !IR BE/ TO TALK LIKE PROBATION>Y MEMB]S ( ! ,JUNIOR ,*AMB] ( ,COMM]CE1 IT IS REFRE%+ TO TURN BACK TO ! REPORTS ( M5 :O SPOKE A DIFF]5T LANGUAGE4 ,DEBS1 ,HAYWOOD & ,DE ,LEON1 & ?OSE :O /OOD ) !M1 DID NOT BELIEVE 9 ! P>TN]%IP ( CAPITAL & LABOR1 AS PREA*$ BY ,GOMP]S & ,CO4 AT ! TIME4 ,SU* TALK1 !Y SAID 9 ! FAM\S @&_?#a#d#g2,PREAMBLE@&_?#a#d#h2 TO ! ,CON/ITUTION ( ! ,I,W,W1 @&_?#a#d#g2MISLEADS ! WORK]S4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,!Y SPOKE \T 9 ADVANCE AGA9/ ! IDEA ( ! P]MAN5T @&_?#a#d#g2CO -- EXI/5CE@&_?#a#d#h2 ( LABOR UNIONS & ! PRIVATE [N]%IP ( 9DU/RY1 AS *AMPION$ BY ! ,C,I,O LEAD]S ( ! PRES5T TIME4 

,! M5 :O F\ND$ ! ,I,W,W W]E PIONE] 9DU/RIAL UNIONI/S1 & ! GREAT 9DU/RIAL UNIONS ( TODAY /EM DIRECTLY FROM !M4 ,BUT !Y AIM$ F> BEYOND 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM AS A B>GA9+ AG5CY RECOGNIZ+ ! PRIVATE [N]%IP ( 9DU/RY AS RI<T & UN*ANGEABLE4 ,!Y SAW ! RELATIONS ( CAPITAL & LABOR AS A /ATE ( W>4 
  

,BRISS5D5 PUTS !IR MA9 IDEA 9 A NUT%ELL 9 HIS FACTUALLY CORRECT HI/ORY ( ! MOVEM5T3 @&_?#a#d#g2,! IDEA ( ! CLASS CONFLICT WAS REALLY ! BOTTOM NOTION OR @&_?#a#d#e2FIR/ CAUSE@&_?#a#d#f2 ( ! ,I,W,W4 ,! 9DU/RIAL UNION TYPE WAS ADOPT$ BECAUSE IT W\LD MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO WAGE ?IS CLASS W> UND] MORE FAVORABLE CONDITIONS4@&_?#a#d#h2 7,! ,I4,W4,W3 ,A ,/UDY ( ,AM]ICAN ,SYNDICALISM1 BY ,PAUL ,FR$]ICK ,BRISS5D51 P4 #a#h47 

,! F\ND]S ( ! ,I,W,W REG>D$ ! ORGANIZATION ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONS AS A MEANS TO AN 5D2 & ! 5D !Y HAD 9 VIEW WAS ! OV]?R[ ( CAPITALISM & ITS REPLACEM5T BY A NEW SOCIAL ORD]4 ,?IS1 ! HE>T & S\L ( !IR PROGRAM1 /ILL AWAITS ITS V9DICATION 9 ! REVOLUTION ( ! ,AM]ICAN WORK]S4 ,& ! REVOLUTION1 :5 IT >RIVES1 WILL NOT NEGLECT TO ACKN[L$GE ITS ANTICIPATION AT ! ,F\ND+ ,CONV5TION ( ! ,I,W,W4 ,= NO?+ LESS ?AN ! REVOLUTION>Y GOAL ( ! WORK]S@&_?#a#d#f2 /RUGGLE WAS OP5LY PROCLAIM$ !RE #e YE>S AGO4 

,! BOLD DESIGN WAS DRAWN BY ,BILL ,HAYWOOD1 ,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,WE/]N ,F$]ATION ( ,M9]S1 :O PRESID$ AT ! ,F\ND+ ,CONV5TION ( ! ,I,W,W4 ,9 HIS OP5+ REM>KS1 CALL+ ! CONV5TION TO ORD]1 HE SAID3 

@&_?#a#d#g2,?IS IS ! ,CONT95TAL ,CONGRESS ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,WE >E H]E TO CONF$]ATE ! WORK]S ( ?IS C\NTRY 9TO A WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T ?AT %ALL HAVE = ITS PURPOSE ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS FROM ! SLAVE BONDAGE ( CAPITALISM4@&_?#a#d#h2 7,PROCE$+S ( ! ,FIR/ ,CONV5TION ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD1 P4 #a7 

,! TRADE UNIONS TODAY >E BEG9N+ TO CAT* UP ) ! IDEA ?AT ,NEGROES >E HUMAN BE+S1 ?AT !Y HAVE A RI<T TO MAKE A LIV+ & BELONG TO A UNION4 ,! ,I,W,W WAS #e YE>S AHEAD ( !M ON ?IS QUE/ION1 AS ON MANY O!RS4 ,MANY ( ! OLD ,GOMP]S UNIONS W]E LILY-:ITE JOB TRU/S1 B>R+ ,NEGROES FROM MEMB]%IP & ! RI<T TO EMPLOYM5T 9 !IR JURISDICTIONS4 ,HAYWOOD1 9 HIS OP5+ SPEE*1 9DIGNANTLY D5\NC$ ! POLICY ( ?OSE UNIONS @&_?#a#d#g2AFFILIAT$ ) ! ,A4 ,F4 ( ,L41 :I* 9 !IR CON/ITUTION & BY-LAWS PROHIBIT ! 9ITIATION ( OR CONF]R+ ! OBLIGATION ON A COLOR$ MAN4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,HE FOLL[$1 9 HIS SPEE* AT ! PUBLIC RATIFICATION MEET+1 ) ! DECL>ATION ?AT ! NEWLY-LAUN*$ ORGANIZATION @&_?#a#d#g2RECOGNIZES NEI!R RACE1 CRE$1 COLOR1 SEX OR PREVI\S CONDITION ( S]VITUDE4@&_?#a#d#h2 7,PROCE$+S1 P4 #e#g#e47 

,& HE W\ND UP ) ! PROPHETIC SUGGE/ION ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN WORK]S TAKE ! ,RUSSIAN PA?4 ,HE SAID HE HOP$ TO SEE ! NEW MOVEM5T @&_?#a#d#g2GR[ ?R\<\T ?IS C\NTRY UNTIL IT TAKES 9 A GREAT MAJORITY ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE1 & ?AT ?OSE WORK+ PEOPLE WILL RISE 9 REVOLT AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM AS ! WORK+ CLASS 9 ,RUSSIA >E DO+ TODAY4@&_?#a#d#h2 7,PROCE$+S1 P4 #e#h47 

,DEBS SAID3 @&_?#a#d#g2,! SUPREME NE$ ( ! H\R IS A S\ND1 REVOLUTION>Y WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATION 444 ,IT MU/ EXPRESS ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,IT MU/ RECOGNIZE ! CLASS L9ES4 ,IT MU/1 ( C\RSE1 BE CLASS CONSCI\S4 ,IT MU/ BE TOTALLY UNCOMPROMIS+4 ,IT MU/ BE AN ORGANIZATION ( ! RANK & FILE4@&_?#a#d#h2 7,PROCE$+S1 PP4 #a#d#d1 #a#d#f47 

,DE ,LEON1 = HIS P>T1 SAID3 @&_?#a#d#g2,I HAVE HAD BUT ONE FOE -- & ?AT FOE IS ! CAPITALI/ CLASS 444 ,! IDEAL IS ! OV]?R[ ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4@&_?#a#d#h2 7,PROCE$+S1 PP4 #a#d#g1 #a#d#i47 

,DE ,LEON1 ! ?9K]1 WAS ALREADY PROJECT+ HIS ?\<T BEYOND ! OV]?R[ ( CAPITALISM TO @&_?#a#d#g2! =M ( ! GOV]NM5TAL ADM9I/RATION ( ! ,REPUBLIC ( ,LABOR4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,9 A PO/-CONV5TION SPEE* AT ,M9NEAPOLIS ON @&_?#a#d#g2,! ,PREAMBLE ( ! ,I4,W4,W4'@&_?#a#d#f21 HE SAID ?AT ! 9DU/RIES1 @&_?#a#d#g2REG>DLESS ( =M] POLITICAL B\ND>IES1 WILL BE ! CON/ITU5CIES ( ?AT NEW C5TRAL AU?ORITY ! R\< SCAFFOLD+ ( :I* WAS RAIS$ LA/ WEEK 9 ,*ICAGO4 ,:]E ! ,G5]AL ,EXECUTIVE ,BO>D ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD WILL SIT !RE WILL BE ! NATION@&_?#a#d#f2S CAPITAL4@&_?#a#d#h2 7,SOCIALI/ ,RECON/RUCTION ( ,SOCIETY1 BY ,DANIEL ,DE ,LEON47 

,! SPEE*ES ( ! O!RS1 & ! (FICIAL /ATEM5T ADOPT$ BY ! ,CONV5TION 9 ! ,PREAMBLE TO ! ,CON/ITUTION1 FOLL[$ ! SAME L9E4 ,! ,PREAMBLE BEGAN ) ! FLAT AFFIRMATION ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE3 @&_?#a#d#g2,! WORK+ CLASS & ! EMPLOY+ CLASS HAVE NO?+ 9 COMMON4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,FOLL[+ ?AT IT SAID3 @&_?#a#d#g2,BETWE5 !SE TWO CLASSES A /RUGGLE MU/ GO ON UNTIL ALL ! WORK]S COME TOGE!R ON ! POLITICAL1 AS WELL AS ON ! 9DU/RIAL FIELD1 & TAKE & HOLD@&_?#a#d#h2 ! 9DU/RIES ( ! C\NTRY4 

,!SE W]E ! MO/ UNCOMPROMIS+1 ! MO/ UNAMBIGU\S DECL>ATIONS ( REVOLUTION>Y 9T5TION EV] ISSU$ 9 ?IS C\NTRY UP TO ?AT TIME4 ,! GOAL ( SOCIALISM HAD BE5 PREVI\SLY 5VISION$ BY O!RS4 ,BUT AT ! ,F\ND+ ,CONV5TION ( ! ,I,W,W ! IDEA ?AT IT WAS TO BE REALIZ$ ?R\< A /RUGGLE = P[]1 & ?AT ! ,P[] ( ! WORK]S MU/ BE ORGANIZ$1 WAS CLE>LY =MULAT$ & NAIL$ D[N4 

,! M5 ( #aie SPOKE TRU] ?AN !Y KNEW1 IF ONLY AS ANTICIPATORS ( A HI/ORICAL WORK :I* /ILL AWAITS ITS COMPLETION BY O!RS4 ,BETWE5 ?AT DATE ( ORIG9 & ! BEG9N+ ( ITS DECL9E AFT] ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>1 ! ,I,W,W WROTE AN 9]ASABLE RECORD 9 ACTION4 ,BUT ITS PLACE AS A GREAT PROGRESSIVE FACTOR 9 ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY IS SECURELY FIX$ BY ! BRAVE & F>-SEE+ PRON\NCEM5TS ( ITS F\ND+ CONV5TION ALONE4 ,! IDEAS W]E ! SE$ ( ! ACTION4 

,! ,I,W,W HAD ITS [N =EBE>S1 = ! REVOLUTION>Y LABOR MOVEM5T IS AN UNBROK5 CONT9UUM4 ,BEH9D ! CONV5TION ASSEMBL$ 9 ,*ICAGO FIFTY YE>S AGO /OOD ! ,KNI<TS ( ,LABOR2 ! EI<T-H\R MOVEM5T L$ BY ! ,HAYM>KET M>TYRS2 ! GREAT 9DU/RIAL UNION /RIKE ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,RAILWAY ,UNION2 ! /ORMY BATTLES ( ! ,WE/]N ,F$]ATION ( ,M9]S2 & ! TWO SOCIALI/ POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS -- ! OLD ,SOCIALI/ ,LABOR ,P>TY & ! NEWLY-=M$ ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY4 

,ALL !SE PREC$+ 5DEAVORS W]E TRIBUT>Y TO ! FIR/ CONV5TION ( ! ,I,W,W1 & W]E REPRES5T$ !RE BY P>TICIPANTS4 ,LUCY ,P>SONS1 ! WID[ & COMRADE-9->MS ( ! NOBLE M>TYR1 WAS A DELEGATE1 AS WAS ,MO!R ,JONES1 ! REV]$ LEAD] ( ! M9]S1 ! SYMBOL ( !IR HOPE & C\RAGE 9 TRIAL & TRIBULATION4 

,!SE E>LI] MOVEM5TS & /RUGGLES1 RI* & TRAGIC EXP]I5CES1 HAD PREP>$ ! WAY = ! ,F\ND+ ,CONV5TION ( ! ,I,W,W4 ,BUT ,DEBS WAS NOT F> WRONG :5 HE SAID1 9 A SPEE* A FEW MON?S LAT]3 @&_?#a#d#g2,! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( ! WORK+ CLASS WILL DATE FROM ! YE> #a#i#e1 FROM ! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD4@&_?#a#d#h2 7,WRIT+S & ,SPEE*ES ( ,EUG5E ,V4 ,DEBS1 P4 #b#b#f47 

,AN ,ORGANIZATION ( ,REVOLUTIONI/S 

,! ,I,W,W SET \T TO BE AN 9DU/RIAL UNION MOVEM5T UNIT+ ALL WORK]S1 REG>DLESS ( ANY DIFF]5CES BETWE5 !M1 ON ! SIMPLE PROPOSITION ?AT ALL UNIONS />T ) ! DEF5SE ( !IR IMM$IATE 9T]E/S AGA9/ ! EMPLOY]S4 ,AS AN 9DU/RIAL UNION1 ! ,I,W,W 9 ITS HEYDAY L$ SOME MEMORABLE BATTLES ON ! ECONOMIC FIELD1 & SET A PATT]N ( ORGANIZATION & MILITANT /RIKE /RATEGY = ! LAT] GREAT /RUGGLES TO BUILD ! ,C,I,O4 

,! ,C,I,O BECAME POSSIBLE ONLY AFT] & BECAUSE ! ,I,W,W HAD *AMPION$ & POPUL>IZ$ ! PROGRAM ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM 9 WORD & DE$4 ,?AT ALONE -- ! TEA*+ & ! EXAMPLE 9 ! FIELD ( UNIONISM @&_?#a#e#a2 W\LD BE SUFFICI5T TO E/ABLI% ! HI/ORICAL SIGNIFICANCE ( ! ,I,W,W AS ! 9ITIATOR1 ! =]UNN] ( ! MOD]N 9DU/RIAL UNIONS1 & !REBY TO JU/IFY A ?\S& TIMES OV] ALL ! EF=T & SACRIFICE PUT 9TO IT BY SO MANY PEOPLE4 

,BUT ! ,I,W,W WAS MORE ?AN A UNION4 ,IT WAS ALSO -- AT ! SAME TIME @&_?#a#e#a2 A REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION :OSE SIMPLE & P[]FUL IDEAS 9SPIR$ & ACTIVAT$ ! BE/ Y\NG MILITANTS ( ITS TIME1 ! FL[] ( A RADICAL G5]ATION4 ,?AT1 ABOVE ALL1 IS :AT CLO!S ! NAME ( ! ,I,W,W 9 GLORY4 

,! TRUE *>ACT] ( ! ,I,W,W AS A REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION WAS CONV9C+LY DEMON/RAT$ 9 ITS FIR/ =MATIVE YE>1 9 ! 9T]NAL CONFLICT :I* RESULT$ 9 A SPLIT AT ITS SECOND CONV5TION4 ,?IS SPLIT OCCURR$ OV] QUE/IONS :I* >E NORMALLY ! CONC]N ( POLITICAL P>TIES RA!R ?AN ( UNIONS4 ,*>LES 4 ,%]MAN1 ! FIR/ G5]AL PRESID5T ( ! ,I,W,W1 WAS AN EXPON5T ( ! 9DU/RIAL-UNION =M ( ORGANIZATION4 ,BUT ?AT APP>5TLY WAS AS F> AS HE WANT$ TO GO1 & IT WASN@&_?#a#d#f2T F> 5\< = ?OSE :O TOOK ! REVOLUTION>Y PRON\NCEM5TS ( ! ,FIR/ ,CONV5TION S]I\SLY4 ,!Y W]E NOT SATISFI$ ) LIP S]VICE TO L>G] PR9CIPLES4 

,:5 ! ,SECOND ,CONV5TION ( ! ,I,W,W ASSEMBL$ 9 ,*ICAGO 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i#f1 ,HAYWOOD WAS 9 JAIL 9 ,IDAHO AWAIT+ TRIAL = HIS LIFE2 & ,DEBS1 NEV] A MAN = FACTIONALISM1 WAS /&+ ASIDE4 ,V9C5T ,/4 ,JOHN1 HIMSELF A PROM95T FIGURE 9 ! ,WE/]N ,F$]ATION ( ,M9]S1 & A MEMB] ( ITS DELEGATION TO ! ,SECOND ,CONV5TION ( ! ,I,W,W1 CAME =W>D AS ! LEAD] ( ! ANTI-,%]MAN =CES1 9 ALLIANCE ) ,DE ,LEON4 

,AS IS CU/OM>Y 9 FACTIONAL FI<TS1 ALL K9DS ( SECOND>Y *>GES W]E ?R[N AB\T4 ,BUT ,/4 ,JOHN /AT$ ! REAL ISSUE MOTIVAT+ HIM & HIS SUPPORT]S 9 HIS [N 9V>IABLY =?RI<T MANN]4 ,?IS RESOLUTE MAN WAS ON ! W>PA? AT ! ,SECOND ,CONV5TION BECAUSE1 AS HE SAID3 

@&_?#a#d#g2,! ADM9I/RATION ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 WAS 9 ! H&S ( M5 :O W]E NOT 9 ACCORD ) ! REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM ( ! ORGANIZATION 444 ,! /RUGGLE = CONTROL ( ! ORGANIZATION =M$ ! SECOND CONV5TION 9TO TWO CAMPS4 ,! MAJORITY VOTE ( ! CONV5TION WAS 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y CAMP4 ,! REACTION>Y CAMP1 HAV+ ! ,*AIRMAN1 US$ OB/RUCTIVE TACTICS 9 !IR EF=T TO GA9 CONTROL ( ! CONV5TION 4 4 4 ,! REVOLUTIONI/S CUT ?IS KNOT BY ABOLI%+ ! (FICE ( ,PRESID5T & ELECT+ A *AIRMAN FROM AMONG ! REVOLUTIONI/S4@&_?#a#d#h2 7,! ,I4,W4,W3 ,HI/ORY1 ,/RUCTURE & ,ME?OD1 BY ,V9C5T ,/4 ,JOHN47 

,?AT ACTION PRECIPITAT$ ! SPLIT & CONSIGN$ ,%]MAN TO A NI*E 9 HI/ORY AS A UNIQUE FIGURE4 ,HE WAS ! FIR/1 & IS SO F> ! ONLY1 UNION PRESID5T ON RECORD TO GET DUMP$ BECAUSE HE WAS NOT A REVOLUTIONI/4 ,!RE WILL BE O!RS1 BUT ,%]MAN@&_?#a#d#f2S NAME WILL LIVE 9 HI/ORY AS ! PROTOTYPE4 

,?IS SPLIT AT ! ,SECOND ,CONV5TION ALSO RESULT$ 9 ! DISAFFILIATION ( ! ,WE/]N ,F$]ATION ( ,M9]S1 ! ONLY /RONGLY ORGANIZ$ UNION ! ,I,W,W HAD HAD TO />T )4 ,! O!R MEMB]S ( ! ,W,F,M DELEGATION1 ALREADY TURN+ TO CONS]VATISM1 SUPPORT$ ,%]MAN 9 ! SPLIT4 ,BUT ,/4 ,JOHN1 AS WAS HIS NATURE & CONSI/5T PRACTICE1 TOOK HIS /& ON PR9CIPLE4 

,FAC$ ) A *OICE ( AFFILIATION BETWE5 ! WIDELY ADV]TIS$ & WELL-HEEL$ ,W,F,M1 ( :I* HE WAS A PAID (FIC]1 & ! POV]TY-/RICK51 /ILL OBSCURE ,I,W,W1 ) ITS PROGRAM & ITS PR9CIPLES1 HE UNHESITAT+LY *OSE ! LATT]4 ,= HIM1 AS = ALL ! O!RS :O C\NT$ 9 MAK+ ,I,W,W HI/ORY1 P]SONAL 9T]E/S & QUE/IONS ( BREAD & BUTT] UNIONISM W]E SECOND>Y4 ,! FIR/ ALLEGIANCE WAS TO REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPLE4 

,%]MAN & HIS SUPPORT]S1 ) ! HELP ( ! POLICE1 SEIZ$ ! HEADQU>T]S & HELD ON TO ! FUNDS ( ! ORGANIZATION1 SU* AS !Y W]E4 ,/4 ,JOHN REM>K$ ?AT ! NEWLY ELECT$ (FICIALS @&_?#a#d#g2W]E OBLIG$ TO BEG9 WORK AFT] ! ,SECOND ,CONV5TION )\T ! EQUIPM5T ( SO MU* AS A PO/AGE /AMP4@&_?#a#d#h2 7,BRISS5D51 P4 #a#d#d47 ,! NEW ADM9I/RATION UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ,/4 ,JOHN1 :O WAS !REAFT] TO BE ! DOM9AT+ 9FLU5CE 9 ! ORGANIZATION = ! NEXT DECADE1 HAD TO />T FROM SCRAT* ) V]Y LITTLE 9 ! WAY ( TANGIBLE ASSETS EXCEPT ! PROGRAM & ! IDEAL4 

,?AT1 PLUS ! 9DOMITABLE SPIRIT ( ,V9C5T ,/4 ,JOHN1 PROV$ TO BE 5\< TO HOLD ! %ATT]$ ORGANIZATION TOGE!R4 ,! ,%]MAN FACTION1 SUPPORT$ BY ! ,WE/]N ,F$]ATION ( ,M9]S1 SET UP A RIVAL ORGANIZATION4 ,BUT IT DIDN@&_?#a#d#f2T LA/ LONG4 ,! ,/4 ,JOHN W+ PREVAIL$ 9 ! PO/-CONV5TION CONFLICT & PROV$ ITSELF TO BE ! TRUE ,I,W,W4 ,BUT 9 ! 5SU+ YE>S IT EXI/$ PRIM>ILY1 NOT AS A MASS 9DU/RIAL UNION ( WORK]S FI<T+ = LIMIT$ ECONOMIC DEM&S1 BUT AS A REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION PROCLAIM+ AN ALL-\T FI<T AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 

,AS SU*1 ! ,I,W,W ATTRACT$ A REM>KABLE SELECTION ( Y\NG REVOLUTION>Y MILITANTS TO ITS BANN]4 ,AS A UNION1 ! ORGANIZATION L$ MANY /RIKES :I* SWELL$ ! MEMB]%IP MOM5T>ILY4 ,BUT AFT] ! /RIKES W]E OV]1 :E!R WON OR LO/1 /ABLE UNION ORGANIZATION WAS NOT MA9TA9$4 ,AFT] EV]Y /RIKE1 ! MEMB]%IP SETTL$ D[N AGA9 TO ! DIE-H>D CADRE UNIT$ ON PR9CIPLE4 

,! ,DUALITY ( ! ,I,W,W 

,! ,I,W,W BORR[$ SOME?+ FROM ,M>XISM2 QUITE A BIT1 9 FACT4 ,ITS TWO PR9CIPAL WEAPONS -- ! DOCTR9E ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE & ! IDEA ?AT ! WORK]S MU/ ACCOMPLI% !IR [N EMANCIPATION ?R\< !IR [N ORGANIZ$ P[] @&_?#a#e#a2 CAME FROM ?IS MI<TY >S5AL4 ,BUT = ALL ?AT1 ! ,I,W,W WAS A G5U9ELY 9DIG5\S PRODUCT ( ITS ,AM]ICAN 5VIRONM5T1 & ITS !ORY & PRACTICE \<T TO BE CONSID]$ AGA9/ ! BACKGR\ND ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE AS IT HAD DEVELOP$ UP TO ?AT TIME 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 

,! EXP]I5CE ( ! ,AM]ICAN WORK+ CLASS1 :I* DID NOT YET RECOGNIZE ITSELF AS A DI/9CT CLASS1 HAD BE5 LIMIT$2 & ! G5]ALIZ+ ?\<T1 EV5 ( ITS BE/ REPRES5TATIVES1 WAS CORRESPOND+LY 9COMPLETE4 ,! CLASS /RUGGLE WAS ACTIVE 5\<1 BUT IT HAD NOT YET DEVELOP$ BEYOND ITS PRIM>Y /AGES4 ,CONFLICTS HAD G5]ALLY TAK5 ! =M ( LOCALIZ$ GU]RILLA SKIRMI%ES1 SAVAGELY CONDUCT$ ON BO? SIDES1 BETWE5 SEP>ATE GR\PS ( WORK]S & EMPLOY]S4 ,! POLITICAL P[] BR\<T TO BE> ON ! SIDE ( ! EMPLOY]S WAS MA9LY ?AT ( LOCAL AU?ORITIES4 
  

,F$]AL TROOPS HAD BROK5 ! ,>,U /RIKE ( ! RAILROAD]S 9 @&_?#a#d#e2#i#d -- @&_?#a#d#g2! ,DEBS ,REBELLION1@&_?#a#d#h2 AS ! HY/]ICAL PRESS DESCRIB$ IT @&_?#a#e#a2 & HAD ALSO BE5 CALL$ \T AGA9/ ! METAL M9]S 9 ! ,WE/4 ,BUT !SE W]E EXCEPTIONAL CASES4 ,! 9T]V5TION ( ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T1 AS ! EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ( ALL ! CAPITALI/S @&_?#a#e#a2 ! CON/ANT & PR$OM9ANT FACTOR 9 CAPITAL-LABOR RELATIONS 9 MOD]N TIMES @&_?#a#e#a2 WAS R>ELY SE5 9 ! LOCAL & SECTIONAL CONFLICTS HALF A C5TURY AGO4 ,! WORK]S G5]ALLY MADE A DI/9CTION BETWE5 LOCAL & F$]AL AU?ORITIES1 9 FAVOR ( ! LATT] @&_?#a#e#a2 AS DO ! GREAT MAJORITY1 9 A DELAY$ HANGOV] FROM E>LI] TIMES1 EV5 TO ?IS DAY4 

,! ALL-EMBRAC+ /RUGGLE ( ALL ! WORK]S AS A CLASS1 AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/ CLASS AS A :OLE1 ) POLITICAL P[] 9 ! NATION AS ! NECESS>Y GOAL ( ! /RUGGLE1 WAS NOT YET DISC]NIBLE TO MANY :5 ! ,I,W,W MADE ITS 5TRANCE 9 #a#i#e4 ,! PRON\NCEM5TS ( ! F\ND]S ( ! ,I,W,W1 & ALL ! SUBSEQU5T ACTIONS PROCE$+ FROM !M1 %\LD BE READ 9 ?AT LI<T4 ,! RE/RICT$ & LIMIT$ SCOPE ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE 9 ,AM]ICA UP TO ?AT TIME1 FROM :I* !IR PROGRAM WAS D]IV$1 MAKES !IR PREVISION ( #e YE>S AGO /& \T AS ALL ! MORE REM>KABLE4 

,9 ! SITUATION ( ?AT TIME1 ) ! CLASS /RUGGLE ( ! WORK]S /ILL 9 ITS MO/ ELEM5T>Y /AGES1 & MANY ( ITS COMPLICATIONS & COMPLEXITIES NOT YET DISCLOS$ 9 ACTION1 ! LEAD]S ( ! ,I,W,W =ESAW ! REVOLUTION>Y GOAL ( ! WORK+ CLASS & AIM$ AT ONE S+LE1 OV]-ALL =MULA = ! ORGANIZATION ( ! /RUGGLE4 ,PUTT+ EV]Y?+ UND] ONE HEAD1 !Y UND]TOOK TO BUILD AN ORGANIZATION :I*1 AS ,V9C5T ,/4 ,JOHN1 ITS *IEF LEAD] & 9SPIR] AFT] ! ,SECOND ,CONV5TION1 EXPRESS$ IT1 W\LD BE @&_?#a#d#g2ALL-SUFFICI5T = ! WORK]S@&_?#a#d#f2 NE$S4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,ONE ,BIG ,UNION W\LD DO IT ALL4 ,!RE WAS AN APPEAL+ P[] 9 ! SIMPLICITY ( ?IS =MULA1 BUT ALSO A WEAKNESS -- A CONTRADICTION @&_?#a#e#a2 :I* EXP]I5CE WAS TO REVEAL4 

,ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT CONTRADICTIONS ( ! ,I,W,W1 IMPLANT$ AT ITS FIR/ CONV5TION & NEV] RESOLV$1 WAS ! DUAL ROLE IT ASSIGN$ TO ITSELF4 ,NOT ! LEA/ ( ! REASONS = ! EV5TUAL FAILURE ( ! ,I,W,W -- AS AN ORGANIZATION @&_?#a#e#a2 WAS ITS ATTEMPT TO BE BO? A UNION ( ALL WORK]S & A PROPAG&A SOCIETY ( SELECT$ REVOLUTIONI/S @&_?#a#e#a2 9 ESS5CE A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY4 ,TWO DIFF]5T TASKS & FUNCTIONS1 :I*1 AT A C]TA9 /AGE ( DEVELOPM5T1 REQUIRE SEP>ATE & DI/9CT ORGANIZATIONS1 W]E ASSUM$ BY ! ,I,W,W ALONE2 & ?IS DUALITY HAMP]$ ITS EFFECTIV5ESS 9 BO? FIELDS4 ,ALL ?AT1 & MANY O!R ?+S1 >E CLE>] N[ ?AN !Y W]E !N TO ! LEAD+ MILITANTS ( ! ,I,W,W @&_?#a#e#a2 OR ANYONE ELSE 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 

,! ,I,W,W ANN\NC$ ITSELF AS AN ALL-9CLUSIVE UNION2 & ANY WORK] READY = ORGANIZATION ON AN EV]YDAY UNION BASIS WAS 9VIT$ TO JO91 REG>DLESS ( HIS VIEWS & OP9IONS ON ANY O!R QUE/ION4 ,9 A NUMB] ( 9/ANCES1 9 TIMES ( ORGANIZATION CAMPAIGNS & /RIKES 9 SEP>ATE LOCALITIES1 SU* ALL-9CLUSIVE MEMB]%IP WAS ATTA9$1 IF ONLY = BRIEF P]IODS4 ,BUT ?AT DID NOT PREV5T ! ,I,W,W AGITATORS FROM PREA*+ ! REVOLUTION>Y OV]?R[ ( CAPITALISM 9 EV]Y /RIKE MEET+4 

,! /RIKE MEET+S ( ! ,I,W,W W]E 9 TRU? @&_?#a#d#g2S*OOLS = SOCIALISM4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,! IMM$IATE ISSUES ( ! /RIKE W]E ! TAKE-(F PO9T = AN EXPOSITION ( ! PR9CIPLE ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 = A FULL-SCALE 9DICTM5T ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM ALL UP & D[N ! L9E1 & ! PROJECTION ( A NEW SOCIAL ORD] ( ! FREE & EQUAL4 

,! PR(ESS$ @&_?#a#d#g2NONPOLITICAL@&_?#a#d#h2 POLICY ( ! ,I,W,W DOESN@&_?#a#d#f2T /& UP V]Y WELL AGA9/ ITS ACTUAL RECORD 9 ACTION4 ,! MA9 BURD5 ( ITS 5]GIES WAS DEVOT$ TO AGITATION & PROPAG&A -- 9 SOAP-BOX SPEE*ES1 PRESS1 PAMPHLETS & SONGBOOKS @&_?#a#e#a2 AGA9/ ! EXI/+ ,SOCIAL ORD]2 TO DEF5SE CAMPAIGNS 9 BEHALF ( IMPRISON$ WORK]S2 & TO FREE-SPEE* FI<TS 9 NUM]\S LOCALITIES4 ,ALL !SE ACTIVITIES W]E 9 ! MA91 & 9 ! PROP] MEAN+ ( ! T]M1 ,POLITICAL4 

,! ,I,W,W AT ALL TIMES1 EV5 DUR+ /RIKES EMBRAC+ MASSES ( *UR*-GO+1 ORD9>ILY CONS]VATIVE WORK]S1 ACT$ AS AN ORGANIZATION ( REVOLUTIONI/S4 ,! @&_?#a#d#g2REAL ,I,W,W@&_?#a#d#f2S1@&_?#a#d#h2 ! YE>-R\ND ACTIVI/S1 W]E NICKNAM$ ,WOBBLIES -- JU/ :5 & :Y NOBODY KN[S @&_?#a#e#a2 & ! CRIT]ION ( ! ,WOBBLY WAS HIS /& ON ! PR9CIPLE ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE & ITS REVOLUTION>Y GOAL2 & HIS READ9ESS TO COMMIT HIS :OLE LIFE TO IT4 

,9 TRU?1 ! ,I,W,W 9 ITS TIME ( GLORY WAS NEI!R A UNION NOR A P>TY 9 ! FULL MEAN+ ( !SE T]MS1 BUT SOME?+ ( BO?1 ) SOME P>TS MISS+4 ,IT WAS AN UNCOMPLET$ ANTICIPATION ( A ,BOL%EVIK P>TY1 LACK+ ITS R\ND$-\T !ORY1 & A PROJECTION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y 9DU/RIAL UNIONS ( ! FUTURE1 M9US ! NECESS>Y MASS MEMB]%IP4 ,IT WAS ! ,I,W,W4 

 ,V9C5T ,/4 ,JOHN 

,! SECOND SPLIT ( ! ,I,W,W1 :I* BROKE (F ,DE ,LEON & ,S,L,P ELEM5TS AT ! ,F\R? 7#a#i#h7 ,CONV5TION1 LIKEWISE OCCURR$ OV] A DOCTR9AL QUE/ION4 ,! ISSUE ?IS TIME WAS @&_?#a#d#g2POLITICAL ACTION@&_?#a#d#h2 OR1 MORE CORRECTLY1 CONFLICT+ CONCEPTIONS ( WORK+ CLASS ACTION 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE :I* -- PROP]LY UND]/OOD @&_?#a#e#a2 IS ESS5TIALLY POLITICAL4 

,! REAL PURPOSE ( ! SPLIT WAS TO FREE ! ,I,W,W FROM ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LABOR ,P>TY@&_?#a#d#f2S ULTRA-LEGALI/IC1 N>R[LY RE/RICT$ & DOCTR9AIRE CONCEPTION ( @&_?#a#d#g2POLITICAL ACTION@&_?#a#d#h2 AT ! BALLOT BOX2 & TO CLE> ! WAY = ! ,/4 ,JOHN CONCEPTION ( OV]?R[+ CAPITALISM BY ! @&_?#a#d#g2DIRECT ACTION@&_?#a#d#h2 ( ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S4 ,?IS1 BY A DEF9ITION :I* WAS C]TA9LY >BITR>Y & 9EXACT1 WAS DECL>$ TO BE COMPLETELY @&_?#a#d#g2NONPOLITICAL4@&_?#a#d#h2 

,9 A NEGATIVE GE/URE1 ! #aih ,CONV5TION M]ELY ?REW ! @&_?#a#d#g2POLITICAL CLAUSE@&_?#a#d#h2 \T ( ! ,PREAMBLE4 ,LAT]1 GO+ OV]BO>D1 ! ,I,W,W EXPLICITLY DISAV[$ @&_?#a#d#g2POLITICS@&_?#a#d#h2 ALTOGE!R1 & POLITICAL P>TIES ALONG ) IT4 ,! ORIG9 ( ?IS TR5D IS COMMONLY ATTRIBUT$ TO ! 9FLU5CE ( ,FR5* SYNDICALISM4 ,?AT IS ]RONE\S2 AL?\< ! ,I,W,W LAT] IMPORT$ SOME PHRASEMONG]+ ANTI-POLITICAL RADICALISM FROM ,EUROPE1 TO ITS DETRIM5T4 ,BRISS5D5 IS CORRECT :5 HE SAYS3 

@&_?#a#d#g2,! MA9 IDEAS ( ,I4,W4,W4-ISM -- C]TA9LY ( ! ,I4,W4,W4-ISM ( ! FIR/ FEW YE>S AFT] #aie @&_?#a#e#a2 W]E ( ,AM]ICAN ORIG91 NOT ,FR5*1 AS IS COMMONLY SUPPOS$4 ,!SE S5TIM5TS W]E BREW+ 9 ,FRANCE1 IT IS TRUE1 9 ! E>LY N9ETIES1 BUT !Y W]E BREW+ ALSO 9 ?IS C\NTRY & ! ,AM]ICAN BREW WAS ESS5TIALLY DIFF]5T FROM ! ,FR5*4 ,IT WAS ONLY AFT] #aih ?AT ! SYNDICALISME REVOLUTIONNAIRE ( ,FRANCE HAD ANY DIRECT 9FLU5CE ON ! REVOLUTION>Y 9DU/RIAL UNIONI/ MOVEM5T H]E4@&_?#a#d#h2 7,BRISS5D51 P4 #e#c47 

,! ,I,W,W BR& ( SYNDICALISM1 :I* ITS PROPON5TS 9SI/$ ON CALL+ @&_?#a#d#g29DU/RIALISM1@&_?#a#d#h2 NEV] ACKN[L$G$ ,FR5* ORIG9ATION1 & HAD NO REASON TO4 ,! ,I,W,W DOCTR9E WAS SUI G5]IS1 A NATIVE PRODUCT ( ! ,AM]ICAN SOIL4 ,& SO WAS ITS *IEF AU?OR1 ,V9C5T ,/4 ,JOHN4 ,/4 ,JOHN1 AS ALL ! OLD-TIM]S KNEW1 WAS ! MAN MO/ RESPONSIBLE = %AP+ ! *>ACT] ( ! ,I,W,W 9 ITS H]OIC DAYS4 ,HIS PUBLIC REPUTATION WAS DIMM$ BESIDE ! GLITT]+ NAME ( ,BILL ,HAYWOOD1 & ?IS HAS MISL$ ! CASUAL /UD5T ( ,I,W,W HI/ORY4 ,BUT ,V9C5T ,/4 ,JOHN WAS ! ORGANIZ] & LEAD] ( ! CADRES4 

,HAYWOOD HIMSELF WAS A GREAT MAN1 WOR?Y ( HIS FAME4 ,HE PRESID$ AT ! ,F\ND+ ,CONV5TION1 & HIS MAGNIFIC5T UTT]ANCES !RE HAVE ALREADY BE5 QUOT$ 9 ! 9TRODUCTORY P>AGRAPHS ( ?IS >TICLE4 ,! @&_?#a#d#g2,BIG ,FELL[@&_?#a#d#h2 CONDUCT$ HIMSELF AS A H]O ( LABOR 9 HIS CELEBRAT$ TRIAL 9 ,IDAHO1 & AGA9 CALL$ HIMSELF ?UND]\SLY TO PUBLIC ATT5TION 9 ! GREAT ,I,W,W /RIKES AT ,LAWR5CE1 ,PAT]SON & ,AKRON4 ,9 #aiad HE TOOK OV] FROM ,/4 ,JOHN ! (FICE ( ,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,I,W,W1 & !REAFT] /OOD AT ITS HEAD ?R\< ALL ! /ORMS ( ! W> & ! P]SECUTION4 ,!RE IS HI/ORICAL JU/ICE 9 ! PUBLIC ID5TIFICATION ( ,BILL ,HAYWOOD@&_?#a#d#f2S NAME ) ?AT ( ! ,I,W,W1 AS ITS P]SONIFICATION4 

,BUT 9 ! YE>S #a#i#f-#a#i#a#d1 ! YE>S :5 ! *>ACT] ( ! ,I,W,W WAS FIX$1 & ITS BASIC CADRES ASSEMBL$1 IT WAS ,V9C5T ,/4 ,JOHN :O L$ ! MOVEM5T & DIRECT$ ALL ITS OP]ATIONS4 ,! /ORY ( ! ,I,W,W W\LD NOT BE COMPLETE & W\LD NOT BE TRUE IF ?IS *APT] W]E OMITT$4 

,/4 ,JOHN1 LIKE ,HAYWOOD1 WAS A M9]1 A SELF-$UCAT$ MAN :O HAD COME UP TO NATIONAL PROM95CE ! H>D WAY1 \T ( ! VIOL5T CLASS BATTLES ( ! WE/]N M9+ W>4 ,IF @&_?#a#d#g2,! ,SA9T1@&_?#a#d#h2 AS ALL HIS FRI5DS CALL$ HIM1 BORR[$ SOME?+ FROM ! WRIT+S ( O!RS1 & =EIGN]S AT ?AT1 HE WAS SC>CELY AW>E ( IT4 ,HE WAS NOT A MAN ( BOOKS2 HIS S*OOL WAS HIS [N EXP]I5CE & OBS]VATION1 & HIS CRE$ WAS ACTION4 

,HE HAD LE>N$ :AT HE KNEW1 :I* WAS QUITE A LOT1 MA9LY FROM LIFE & HIS DEAL+S ) PEOPLE1 & HE DREW HIS CONCLUSIONS FROM ?AT4 

,?IS EMPIRICISM WAS HIS /R5G? & HIS WEAKNESS4 ,AS AN EXECUTIVE LEAD] 9 PRACTICAL SITUATIONS HE WAS SUP]B1 FULL ( IDEAS -- @&_?#a#d#g25\< TO PAT* HELL A MILE@&_?#a#d#h2 @&_?#a#e#a2 & READY = ACTION TO APPLY !M4 ,9 ACTION HE FAVOR$ ! QUICK1 DRA/IC DECISION1 ! %ORT CUT4 ,?IS PROP5SITY HAD YIELD$ RI* RESULTS 9 HIS WORK AS A FIELD LEAD] ( ! ,WE/]N ,F$]ATION ( ,M9]S4 ,HE WAS WIDELY R5[N$1 9 ! WE/]N M9+ CAMPS & HIS P[] WAS RECOGNIZ$ BY FRI5D & FOE4 ,BRISS5D5 QUOTES A TYPICAL REPORT AB\T HIM BY A M9E-[N]S@&_?#a#d#f2 DETECTIVE AG5CY 9 #a#i#f3 

@&_?#a#d#g2,/4 ,JOHN HAS GIV5 ! M9E [N]S ( ! .<,COLORADO M9+.> DI/RICT MORE TR\BLE 9 ! PA/ YE> ?AN ANY TW5TY M5 UP !RE4 ,IF LEFT UNDI/URB$ HE W\LD HAVE ! 5TIRE DI/RICT ORGANIZ$ 9 ANO!R YE>4@&_?#a#d#h2 

,9 DEAL+ ) PEOPLE -- @&_?#a#d#g2H&L+ M51@&_?#a#d#h2 AS !Y US$ TO SAY @&_?#a#e#a2 ,V9C5T ,/4 ,JOHN HAD NO EQUAL ?AT ,I EV] KNEW4 ,HE @&_?#a#d#g2SIZ$ UP@&_?#a#d#h2 M5 ) A QUICK 9SI<T1 COMP\ND$ ( SIMPLICITY & GUILE1 SPOTT+ & SIFT+ \T ! PHONIES & ! DABBL]S @&_?#a#e#a2 Y\ HAD TO BE S]I\S TO GET ALONG ) ,! ,SA9T @&_?#a#e#a2 & PUTT+ ! O!RS TO WORK 9 HIS S*OOL ( LE>N+ BY DO+1 & GETT+ ! BE/ \T ( !M4 

@&_?#a#d#g2,EXP]I5CE1@&_?#a#d#h2 @&_?#a#d#g2DECISION@&_?#a#d#h2 & @&_?#a#d#g2ACTION@&_?#a#d#h2 W]E ! KEY WORDS 9 ,/4 ,JOHN@&_?#a#d#f2S CRIT]IA4 ,HE ?\<T A MAN WAS :AT HE DID4 ,IT WAS COMMONPLACE = HIM TO PASS APPROV+ JUDGM5T ON AN ORGANIZ] ) ! REM>K1 @&_?#a#d#g2,HE HAS HAD PL5TY ( EXP]I5CE1@&_?#a#d#h2 OR @&_?#a#d#g2,HE'LL BE ALL RI<T :5 HE GETS MORE EXP]I5CE4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,& ONCE ,I HE>D HIM SAY1 ) A C]TA9 RES]VATION1 ( ANO!R :O WAS REG>D$ AS A CORN] 9 ! ORGANIZATION3 @&_?#a#d#g2,HE@&_?#a#d#f2S A GOOD SPEAK]1 BUT ,I DON@&_?#a#d#f2T KN[ H[ MU* DECISION HE HAS4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,9 HIS VOCABUL>Y @&_?#a#d#g2EXP]I5CE@&_?#a#d#h2 MEANT TE/S UND] FIRE4 @&_?#a#d#g2,DECISION@&_?#a#d#f2 MEANT ! CAPACITY TO ?9K & ACT AT ! SAME TIME2 TO DO :AT HAD TO BE DONE RI<T (F ! BAT1 ) NO @&_?#a#d#g2PHILOSOPHIZ+@&_?#a#d#h2 OR FOOL+ >\ND4 

,/4 ,JOHN@&_?#a#d#f2S POSITIVE QUALITIES AS A MAN ( DECISION & ACTION W]E CONTAGI\S2 LIKE ATTRACT$ LIKE & HE CREAT$ AN ORGANIZATION 9 HIS [N IMAGE4 ,HE WAS NOT A BACK-SLAPP] BUT A LEAD]1 ) ! RES]VE ?AT BEFITS A LEAD]1 & HE DIDN@&_?#a#d#f2T W9 M5 BY >GUM5T ALONE4 ,9 FACT1 HE WAS A MAN ( FEW WORDS4 ,! ,SA9T LIV$ HIS IDEAS & ME?ODS4 ,HE RADIAT$ S9C]ITY & 9TEGRITY1 & UNSELFI%NESS FREE FROM TA9T OR O/5TATION4 ,! AIR WAS CLEAN 9 HIS PRES5CE4 

,! Y\NG M5 :O F\<T UND] HIS COMM& -- A NOTABLE CADRE 9 !IR TIME @&_?#a#e#a2 SWORE BY ,! ,SA9T4 ,!Y TRU/$ HIM4 ,!Y FELT ?AT HE WAS !IR FRI5D1 ?AT HE C>$ = !M & ?AT !Y C\LD ALWAYS GET A SQU>E DEAL FROM HIM1 OR A LITTLE BETT]1 AS LONG AS !Y W]E ON ! SQU>E ) ! ORGANIZATION4 ,JOHN ,S4 ,GAMBS1 9 HIS BOOK1 ,! ,DECL9E ( ! ,I4,W4,W1 A PO/SCRIPT TO ,BRISS5D5@&_?#a#d#f2S HI/ORY1 REM>KS3 @&_?#a#d#g2,I HAVE HE>D IT SAID ?AT ,/4 ,JOHN1 AMONG \T/&+ LEAD]S1 WAS ! BE/ LOV$ & MO/ COMPLETELY TRU/$ (FICIAL ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 HAVE EV] HAD4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,HE HE>D IT RI<T4 

,! ,I,W,W1 AS IT EVOLV$ UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ,/4 ,JOHN1 SCORNFULLY REJECT$ ! N>R[ CONCEPT ( @&_?#a#d#g2POLITICAL ACTION@&_?#a#d#h2 AS LIMIT$ TO P>LIAM5T>Y PROC$URES4 ,/4 ,JOHN UND]/OOD ! CLASS /RUGGLE AS A RU?LESS /RUGGLE = P[]4 ,NO?+ LESS & NO O!R WAY W\LD DO2 HE WAS AS SURE ( ?AT AS ,L59 WAS4 ,HE JUDG$ SOCIALI/ @&_?#a#d#g2POLITICS@&_?#a#d#h2 & POLITICAL P>TIES BY ! TWO EXAMPLES BE=E HIS EYES -- ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY BOSS$ BY ,B]G] & ,HILLQUIT & ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LABOR ,P>TY ( ,DE ,LEON @&_?#a#e#a2 & HE DIDN@&_?#a#d#f2T LIKE EI!R ( !M4 

,?AT ATTITUDE WAS C]TA9LY RI<T AS F> AS IT W5T4 ,B]G] WAS A SMALL-BORE SOCIALI/ OPPORTUNI/2 & ,HILLQUIT1 AL?\< SLICK] & MORE SOPHI/ICAT$1 WASN@&_?#a#d#f2T MU* BETT]4 ,HE M]ELY SUPPLI$ A LITTLE RADICAL PHRASEOLOGY TO %IELD ! CRUD] ,B]G]ISM FROM ! ATTACKS ( ! LEFT4 

,DE ,LEON1 ( C\RSE1 WAS F> SUP]IOR TO !SE PRET5TI\S PYGMIES2 HE T[]$ ABOVE !M4 ,BUT ,DE ,LEON1 ) ALL HIS GREAT M]ITS & CAPACITIES2 ) HIS EXEMPL>Y SELFLESSNESS & HIS COMPLETE & UNCONDITIONAL D$ICATION TO ! WORK]S@&_?#a#d#f2 CAUSE2 ) ! 5EMIES HE MADE1 = :I* HE IS 5TITL$ TO \R LOVE & ADMIRATION -- ) ALL ?AT1 ,DE ,LEON WAS SECT>IAN 9 HIS TACTICS1 & HIS CONCEPTION ( POLITICAL ACTION WAS RIGIDLY =MALI/IC1 & R5D]$ /]ILE BY LEGALI/IC FETI%ISM4 

,9 MY OP9ION1 ,/4 ,JOHN WAS COMPLETELY RI<T 9 HIS HO/ILITY TO ,B]G]-,HILLQUIT1 & MORE ?AN HALF RI<T 9 HIS BREAK ) ,DE ,LEON4 ,HIS OBJECTIONS TO ! P>LIAM5T>Y RE=MISM ( ,B]G]-,HILLQUIT & ! ULTRA-LEGALISM ( ! ,S,L,P CONTA9$ MU* ?AT MU/ N[ BE RECOGNIZ$ AS S\ND & CORRECT4 ,! ]ROR WAS 9 ! UNIV]SAL OPPOSITION1 BAS$ ON !SE POOR & LIMIT$ EXAMPLES1 TO ALL @&_?#a#d#g2POLITICS@&_?#a#d#h2 & ALL POLITICAL P>TIES4 ,! FLAW 9 HIS CONCEPTIONS WAS 9 !IR 9COMPLET5ESS1 :I* LEFT !M OP51 FIR/ TO EXAGG]ATION & !N TO A FALSE TURN4 

,/4 ,JOHN@&_?#a#d#f2S CULTIVAT$ B5T TO LE>N FROM HIS [N LIMIT$ & LOCALIZ$ EXP]I5CE & OBS]VATIONS 9 LIFE RA!R ?AN FROM BOOKS1 & TO AIM AT SIMPLE SOLUTIONS 9 DIRECT ACTION1 DEPRIV$ HIM ( ! B5EFITS ( A MORE COMPREH5SIVE !ORY G5]ALIZ$ BY O!RS FROM ! WORLD-WIDE EXP]I5CES ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,& ?IS WAS TRUE 9 G5]AL ( ! ,I,W,W AS A MOVEM5T4 ,OV]-SIMPLIFICATION PLAC$ SOME CRIPPL+ LIMITATIONS ON ITS G5]AL CONCEPTIONS :I*1 9 !IR EV5TUAL DEVELOPM5T1 9 SITUATIONS ?AT W]E F> FROM SIMPLE1 W]E TO PROVE FATAL = ! ,I,W,W4 ,BUT ?IS TOOK TIME4 ,IT TOOK ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> & ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION TO REVEAL 9 FULL SCOPE ! 9COMPLET5ESS ( ! GOV]N+ ?\<T ( ! ,I,W,W4 

,! ,LONG ,DET\R 

,! ,I,W,W@&_?#a#d#f2S DISDA9 = P>LIAM5T>ISM1 :I* CAME TO BE 9T]PRET$ AS A REJECTION ( ALL @&_?#a#d#g2POLITICS@&_?#a#d#h2 & POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS1 WAS NOT IMPRESS$ ON A BODY ( MEMB]S ) BLANK M9DS4 ,! MA9 ACTIVITIES ( ! ,I,W,W1 9 FIELDS IMPOS$ UPON IT BY ! CONDITIONS ( ! TIME1 ALMO/ AUTOMATICALLY YIELD$ RECRUITS :OSE [N T5D5CIES & PR$ILECTIONS HAD BE5 %AP$ ALONG ! SAME L9ES BY !IR [N EXP]I5CES4 

,! ,I,W,W PLAN ( ORGANIZATION WAS MADE TO ORD] = MOD]N MASS PRODUCTION 9DU/RY 9 ! EA/]N HALF ( ! C\NTRY1 :]E ! MA9 P[] ( ! WORK]S WAS CONC5TRAT$4 ,BUT ! P[] ( ! EXPLOIT+ CLASS WAS CONC5TRAT$ !RE TOO1 & ORGANIZ+ ! WORK]S AGA9/ ! 5TR5*$ CORPORATIONS WAS EASI] SAID ?AN DONE4 

,! ,I,W,W PROGRAM ( REVOLUTION WAS DESIGN$ ABOVE ALL TO EXPRESS ! IMPLICIT T5D5CY ( ! MA9 MASS ( ! BASIC PROLET>IAT 9 ! TRU/IFI$ 9DU/RIES ( ! ,EA/4 ,! *ANCE = A WAGE WORK] TO *ANGE HIS CLASS /ATUS & BECOME AN 9DEP5D5T PROPRIETOR OR A SMALL F>M] WAS F> LESS ALLUR+ !RE ?AN ON ! WE/]N FRONTI]1 :]E SU* CLASS TRANSMIGRATIONS /ILL C\LD1 & 9 MANY CASES ACTUALLY DID1 TAKE PLACE4 ,IF ! LOGIC ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE HAD WORK$ \T =MALLY -- AS IT ALWAYS DOES 9 DUE TIME @&_?#a#e#a2 ?OSE WORK]S 9 ! 9DU/RIAL C5T]S EA/ ( ! ,MISSISSIPPI %\LD HAVE BE5 ! MO/ CLASS CONSCI\S & ! MO/ RECEPTIVE TO ! ,I,W,W APPEAL4 

,BUT ?AT@&_?#a#d#f2S NOT ! WAY ?+S WORK$ \T 9 PRACTICE 9 ! TIME :5 ! ,I,W,W WAS MAK+ ITS /RONGE/ EF=TS4 ,! ORGANIZATION NEV] SUCCE$$ 9 E/ABLI%+ /ABLE UNIONS AMONG ! WORK]S 9 MOD]N MA*9E 9DU/RY 9 ! 9DU/RIALLY DEVELOP$ ,EA/4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ITS PR$OM9ANT ACTIVITY EXP&$ ALONG ! L9ES ( LEA/ RESI/ANCE ON ! P]IPH]AL WE/]N FR+ES ( ! C\NTRY1 :I* AT ?AT TIME W]E /ILL UND] CON/RUCTION4 ,! ,I,W,W F\ND A READI] RESPONSE TO ITS APPEAL & RECRUIT$ ITS MA9 CADRES AMONG ! M>G9AL & MIGRATORY WORK]S 9 ?AT REGION4 

,?IS APP>5T ANOMALY -- :I* IS REALLY NO?+ MORE ?AN ! TIME LAG BETWE5 REALITY & CONSCI\SNESS @&_?#a#e#a2 HAS BE5 SE5 MANY TIMES 9 9T]NATIONAL EXP]I5CE4 ,?OSE WORK]S MO/ PREP>$ = SOCIALISM BY 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T >E NOT ALWAYS ! FIR/ TO RECOGNIZE IT4 

,! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T RECRUITS FIR/1 NOT :]E IT *OOSES BUT :]E IT CAN1 & USES ! FIR/ RECRUITS AS ! CADRES ( ! ORGANIZATION & ! C>RI]S ( ! DOCTR9E4 ,M>XI/ SOCIALISM1 ! LOGICAL & NECESS>Y ANSW] TO DEVELOP$ CAPITALISM1 GOT ITS POORE/ />T & WAS LONGE/ DELAY$ 9 ,5GL&1 ! PREEM95T C5T] ( WORLD CAPITALISM 9 ! TIME ( ,M>X & ,5GELS1 :ILE IT FL\RI%$ 9 ,G]MANY BE=E ITS GREAT 9DU/RIALIZATION4 ,! SAME ,M>XISM1 AS DEVELOP$ BY ,L59 9 ! ACTUAL /RUGGLE = P[] -- UND] ! NICKNAME ( ,BOL%EVISM @&_?#a#e#a2 IS ! PROGRAM P> EXCELL5CE = ,AM]ICA1 ! MO/ ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ C\NTRY2 BUT IT SCOR$ ITS FIR/ VICTORY 9 9DU/RIALLY BACKW>D ,RUSSIA4 

,! ECONOMIC FACTOR EV5TUALLY PR$OM9ATES1 & ! CLASS /RUGGLE RUNS ITS LOGICAL C\RSE EV]Y:]E -- BUT ONLY 9 ! LONG RUN1 NOT 9 A /RAI<T L9E4 ,! CLASS /RUGGLE ( ! WORK]S 9 ALL ITS MANIFE/ATIONS1 FROM ! MO/ ELEM5T>Y ACTION ( A UNION ORGANIZATION UP TO ! REVOLUTION1 BREAKS ! *A9 ( CAPITALI/ RESI/ANCE AT ! WEAKE/ L9K4 

,SO IT WAS 9 ! CASE ( ! ,I,W,W4 ,SIMPLY HAV+ ! RI<T =M ( ORGANIZATION DID NOT PROVIDE ! ,I,W,W ) ! KEY TO QUICK VICTORY 9 ! TRU/IFI$ 9DU/RIES4 ,! F\ND]S1 AT ! #aie ,CONV5TION1 HAD NOT$ & EMPHASIZ$ ! HELPLESSNESS ( OBSOLETE CRAFT UNIONISM 9 ?IS FIELD2 ?AT WAS !IR /AT$ MOTIVATION = PROPOS+ ! 9DU/RIAL UNION =M ( ORGANIZATION4 ,BUT1 = A LONG TIME1 ! SAME CONC5TRAT$ P[] ?AT HAD BROK5 UP ! OLD CRAFT UNIONS 9 MOD]N 9DU/RY WAS ALSO /RONG 5\< TO PREV5T !IR REPLACEM5T BY NEW UNIONS 9 ! 9DU/RIAL =M4 

,! MEAG] SUCCESS ( ! ,I,W,W 9 E/ABLI%+ REVOLUTION>Y 9DU/RIAL UNIONS 9 !IR NATURAL HABITAT WAS NOT DUE TO LACK ( EF=T4 ,TIME & AGA9 ! ,I,W,W TRI$ TO CRACK ! TRU/IFI$ 9DU/RIES1 9CLUD+ /EEL1 BUT WAS BEAT5 BACK EV]Y TIME4 ,ALL ! H]OIC ATTEMPTS ( ! ,I,W,W TO ORGANIZE 9 ?IS FIELD W]E ISOLAT$ & BROK5 UP AT ! />T4 

,! EMPLOY]S F\<T ! NEW UNIONISM 9 DEAD E>NE/4 ,AGA9/ ! PROGRAM ( ! ,I,W,W & ITS LITTLE B& ( AGITATORS1 !Y BR\<T UP ! HEAVY GUNS ( !IR F9ANCIAL RES\RCES2 PUBLIC OP9ION MOLD$ 9 !IR FAVOR BY PRESS & PULPIT2 !IR PRIVATE >MIES ( LABOR SPIES & ?UGS2 &1 ALWAYS & EV]Y:]E1 ! POLICE P[] ( ?AT @&_?#a#d#g2POLITICAL /ATE@&_?#a#d#h2 :I* ! ,I,W,W DIDN@&_?#a#d#f2T WANT TO RECOGNIZE4 

,9 ALL ! MO/ MILITANT YE>S ( ! ,I,W,W ! BE/ IT C\LD ACCOMPLI% 9 MOD]N MASS PRODUCTION 9DU/RY W]E LOCALIZ$ /RIKES1 NE>LY ALL ( :I* W]E DEFEAT$4 ,! VICTORI\S ,LAWR5CE TEXTILE /RIKE ( #a#i#a#b1 :I* E/ABLI%$ ! NATIONAL FAME ( ! ,I,W,W1 WAS ! GLORI\S EXCEPTION4 ,BUT NO /ABLE & P]MAN5T UNION ORGANIZATION WAS EV] MA9TA9$ ANY:]E 9 ! ,EA/ = ANY L5G? ( TIME -- NOT EV5 9 ,LAWR5CE4 

,FROM ! =MULATION ( ! 9DU/RIAL UNION PROGRAM ( ! ,I,W,W AT ! #aie ,CONV5TION TO ITS EV5TUAL REALIZATION 9 LIFE 9 ! MASS PRODUCTION 9DU/RIES1 !RE WAS A LONG R\< ROAD ) A WIDE DET\R4 ,IT TOOK #c YE>S ( PROPAG&A & TRIAL-&-]ROR EF=T1 & !N A MASS UPHEAVAL ( VOLCANIC P[] G5]AT$ BY AN UNPREC$5T$ ECONOMIC CRISIS1 BE=E ! =TRESSES ( MASS PRODUCTION 9DU/RY C\LD BE /ORM$ & CONQU]$ BY 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM4 ,BUT ! TIME = SU* AN 9V9CIBLE MASS REVOLT HAD NOT YET COME :5 ! ,I,W,W FIR/ S\ND$ ! CALL & LAUN*$ ITS PIONE]+ CAMPAIGNS4 

,MEANTIME1 DEFEAT$ & REPULS$ 9 ! 9DU/RIALIZ$ ,EA/1 :]E ! WORK]S W]E NOT YET READY = ORGANIZATION & ! CORPORATIONS W]E MORE ?AN READY TO PREV5T IT1 ! ,I,W,W F\ND ITS BE/ RESPONSE & CONC5TRAT$ ITS MA9 ACTIVITY 9 ! ,WE/4 ,IT SCOR$ SOME SUCCESSES & BUILT UP AN ORGANIZATION PRIM>ILY AMONG ! SEASONAL & MIGRATORY WORK]S !RE4 

,! ,WOBBLIES AS ,!Y ,W]E 

,!RE WAS NO SU* ?+ AS @&_?#a#d#g2FULL EMPLOYM5T@&_?#a#d#h2 9 ! TIME ( ! ,I,W,W4 ,! ECONOMIC CYCLE RAN ITS NORMAL T5-YE> C\RSE1 ) ITS P]IODIC CRISES & DEPRESSIONS1 PRODUC+ A SURPLUS LABOR >MY SQUEEZ$ \T ( 9DU/RY 9 ! ,EA/4 ,UNEMPLOYM5T ROSE & FELL ) ! TURNS ( ! CYCLE1 BUT WAS ALWAYS A P]MAN5T FEATURE ( ! TIMES4 ,AN ECONOMIC CRISIS 9 #aig & A S]I\S DEPRESSION 9 #a#i#a#c-#a#i#a#d SWELL$ ! >MY ( ! JOBLESS4 

,MANY ( ! UNEMPLOY$ WORK]S1 ESPECIALLY ! Y\NG1 TOOK TO ! ROAD1 AS ?OSE ( ANO!R G5]ATION W]E TO DO AGA9 9 ! ,?IRTIES4 ,! DEVELOP+ ,WE/ HAD NE$ ( A FLOAT+ LABOR =CE1 & ! SUPPLY DRIFT$ T[>D ! DEM&4 ,A L>GE P>T ( ! MOBILE LABOR POPULATION 9 ! ,WE/ AT ?AT TIME1 P]HAPS A MAJORITY1 ORIG9AT$ 9 ! EA/]N HALF ( ! CONT95T4 ,!IR CONDITIONS ( LIFE W]E PRETTY R\<4 

,!Y W]E NOT ! MO/ DECISIVE SECTION ( ! WORK+ CLASS2 ?AT RESID$1 !N AS N[1 9 ! 9DU/RIAL C5T]S ( ! EA/]N HALF ( ! CONT95T4 ,BUT !SE MIGRANTS1 :]EV] !Y CAME FROM1 RESPOND$ MO/ READILY TO ! ,I,W,W PROGRAM = A DRA/IC *ANGE 9 ! SOCIAL ORD]4 

,! ,I,W,W WAS RI<T AT HOME AMONG FOOTLOOSE WORK]S :O F\ND CASUAL EMPLOYM5T 9 ! H>VE/ FIELDS -- TRAVEL+ BY FREI<T TRA9 TO FOLL[ ! RIP5+ ( ! GRA91 !N BACK BY FREI<T TRA9 AGA9 TO ! TRANSPORTATION C5T]S = ANY K9D ( WORK !Y C\LD F9D !RE2 RAILROAD CON/RUCTION WORK]S1 %IPP+ \T = TEMPOR>Y JOBS & !N %IPP+ BACK TO ! CITIES 9TO UNEMPLOYM5T AGA92 LUMB]JACKS1 METAL M9]S1 SEAM51 ETC41 :O LIV$ 9 9SECURITY & WORK$1 :5 !Y WORK$1 UND] ! H>%E/1 MO/ PRIMITIVE CONDITIONS4 

,?IS N>R[ /RATUM ( ! UNSETTL$ & LEA/ PRIVILEG$ WORK]S CAME TO MAKE UP ! BULK ( ! MEMB]%IP ( ! ,I,W,W4 ,IT WAS (T5 SAID AMONG ! ,WOBBLIES1 ONLY HALF FACETI\SLY1 ?AT ! NAME ( !IR ORGANIZATION1 @&_?#a#d#g2,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD1@&_?#a#d#h2 %\LD BE *ANG$ TO @&_?#a#d#e2,MIGRATORY ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD4@&_?#a#d#h2 

,! ,AM]ICAN POLITICAL SY/EM (F]$ NO PLACE = ! P>TICIPATION ( ?IS FLOAT+ LABOR =CE ( ! EXP&+ ,WE/4 ,V]Y LITTLE PROVISION ( ANY K9D WAS MADE = !M4 ,!Y W]E OV]LOOK$ 9 ! :OLE S*EME ( ?+S4 ,!Y LACK$ ! RESID5TIAL QUALIFICATIONS TO VOTE 9 ELECTIONS & 5JOY$ FEW ( ! RI<TS ( POLITICAL DEMOCRACY ACCORD$ TO SETTL$ CITIZ5S ) A /AKE 9 !IR COMMUNITY4 ,!Y W]E ! DISPOSSESS$1 ! HOMELESS \TCA/S1 )\T ROOTS OR A /AKE ANY PLACE 9 SOCIETY1 & ) NO?+ TO LOSE4 

,S9CE !Y HAD NO RI<T TO VOTE ANYWAY1 IT TOOK LITTLE >GUM5T TO P]SUADE !M ?AT @&_?#a#d#g2POLITICAL ACTION@&_?#a#d#h2 -- AT ! BALLOT BOX WAS A DELUSION & A SN>E4 ,!Y HAD ALREADY BE5 CONV9C$1 BY !IR [N H>% EXP]I5CES1 ?AT IT W\LD TAKE MORE ?AN PAP] BALLOTS TO 9DUCE ! EXPLOIT]S TO SURR5D] !IR SWOLL5 PRIVILEGES4 ,! ,I,W,W1 ) ITS BOLD & SWEEP+ PROGRAM ( REVOLUTION BY DIRECT ACTION1 SPOKE !IR LANGUAGE & !Y HE>D IT GLADLY4 

,! ,I,W,W BECAME = !M !IR ONE ALL-SUFFICI5T ORGANIZATION -- !IR UNION & !IR P>TY2 !IR SOCIAL C5T]2 !IR HOME2 !IR FAMILY2 !IR S*OOL2 & 9 A MANN] ( SPEAK+1 !IR RELIGION1 )\T ! SUP]NATURAL TRIMM+S @&_?#a#e#a2 ! FAI? !Y LIV$ BY4 ,SOME ( ,JOE ,HILL@&_?#a#d#f2S F9E/ SONGS1 IT %\LD BE REMEMB]$1 W]E D]ISIVE P>ODIES ( ! RELIGI\S HYMNS ( ! ,I,W,W@&_?#a#d#f2S RIVALS 9 ! FI<T = ! S\LS ( ! MIGRATORY WORK]S MILL+ >\ND 9 ! CONGE/$ ,SKID ,R[ SECTIONS ( ! WE/]N & MID-WE/]N CITIES4 

,!SE W]E NOT ! D]ELICTS :O POPULATE ! PRES5T DAY V]SION ( ! OLD ,SKID ,R[4 ,= ! GREAT] P>T1 !Y W]E ! Y\NG & V5TURESOME1 :O HAD BE5 =C$ \T ( ! MA9 9DU/RIES 9 MORE SETTL$ COMMUNITIES1 OR HAD W&]$ AWAY FROM !M 9 SE>* ( OPPORTUNITY & ADV5TURE4 ,!Y HAD BE5 BADLY BRUIS$ & BEAT51 BUT NOT CONQU]$4 ,!Y HAD ! C\RAGE & ! WILL TO FI<T = AN ALLEVIATION ( !IR [N H>% CONDITIONS4 

,BUT :5 !Y 5LI/$ 9 ! ,I,W,W IT MEANT F> MORE TO !M ?AN JO9+ A UNION TO PROMOTE A PICAYUNE PROGRAM ( IMM$IATE P]SONAL NE$S4 ,! ,I,W,W PROCLAIM$ ?AT BY SOLID>ITY !Y C\LD W9 EV]Y?+4 ,IT GAVE !M A VISION ( A NEW WORLD & 9SPIR$ !M TO FI<T = ! G5]AL GOOD ( ! :OLE WORK+ CLASS4 

,!SE FOOTLOOSE WORK]S1 RECRUIT$ BY ! PROPAG&A & ACTION ( ! ,I,W,W1 BECAME ! C>RI]S ( ITS GREAT1 PR(\NDLY SIMPLE MESSAGE :]EV] !Y TRAVEL$ -- ! MESSAGE EXPRESS$ 9 ! MAGIC WORDS3 ,SOLID>ITY1 ,WORK]S@&_?#a#d#f2 ,P[]1 ,ONE ,BIG ,UNION & ,WORK]S@&_?#a#d#f2 ,EMANCIPATION4 ,:]EV] !Y W5T1 !Y AFFIRM$ !IR CONVICTION ?AT @&_?#a#d#g2!RE IS P[] 9 A B& ( WORK+ M51@&_?#a#d#h2 AS /AT$ 9 ! S++ WORDS ( ,JOE ,HILL @&_?#a#e#a2 @&_?#a#d#g2A P[] ?AT MU/ RULE 9 EV]Y L&4@&_?#a#d#h2 

,!Y FELT !MSELVES TO BE -- AS 9DE$ !Y W]E @&_?#a#e#a2 ! ADVANCE GU>D ( AN EMANCIPAT+ >MY4 ,BUT IT WAS AN ADVANCE GU>D SEP>AT$ FROM ! MA9 BODY ( TROOPS 9 CONC5TRAT$ 9DU/RY1 SEP>AT$ & 5CIRCL$1 & COMPELL$ TO WAGE GU]RILLA ACTIONS :ILE AWAIT+ RE9=CEM5TS FROM ! MA9 >MY ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ! ,EA/4 ,IT WAS A S++ MOVEM5T1 ) CONFID5CE 9 ITS MISSION4 ,:5 ! ,WOBBLIES SANG \T ! SWELL+ *ORUS ( @&_?#a#d#g2,HOLD ! ,=T1@&_?#a#d#h2 !Y @&_?#a#d#g2HE>D ! BUGLES BL[@&_?#a#d#h2 & REALLY BELIEV$ ?AT @&_?#a#d#g2BY \R UNION WE %ALL TRIUMPH OV] EV]Y FOE4@&_?#a#d#h2 

,RECRUITS 5LI/$ 9 ! MA9 FROM ?IS MILIEU SOON CAME TO MAKE UP ! MA9 CADRES ( ! ,I,W,W2 TO PROVIDE ITS %OCK TROOPS 9 ALL ,ITS BATTLES1 ,EA/ & ,WE/2 & TO IMPRESS !IR [N SPECIFIC IDEOLOGY UPON IT -- ! IDEOLOGY :I* WAS 9 P>T @&_?#a#d#e2HE DEVELOP$ RESULT ( !IR [N EXP]I5CES1 & 9 P>T D]IV$ FROM TEA*+S ( ! ,I,W,W4 ,!SE TEA*+S SEEM$ TO =MULATE & SY/EMIZE !IR [N T5D5CIES4 ,?AT@&_?#a#d#f2S :Y !Y ACCEPT$ !M SO READILY4 

,MANY A WORK] RECRUIT$ TO ! ,I,W,W UND] ?OSE CONDITIONS WAS SOON ON ! MOVE AGA91 C>RY+ HIS R$ C>D & HIS NEWLY F\ND CONVICTIONS ) HIM & TRANSMITT+ !M TO O!RS4 ,ALL ! PROGRESSIVE & RADICAL SECTIONS ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T W]E HEAVILY 9FLU5C$ BY ! ,I,W,W 9 ! YE>S PREC$+ ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>4 

,! LEFT-W+ SOCIALI/S W]E >D5T SYMPA?IZ]S ( ! ,I,W,W1 & QUITE A FEW ( !M W]E MEMB]S4 ,! SAME WAS TRUE 9 L>GE MEASURE ( ! MORE MILITANT TRADE UNIONI/S 9 ! ,A,F,L4 @&_?#a#d#g2,TWO-C>D M5@&_?#a#d#h2 W]E FAIRLY NUM]\S -- ?OSE :O BELONG$ TO ! ,A,F,L UNIONS = BREAD & BUTT] REASONS & C>RI$ ! @&_?#a#d#g2R$ C>D@&_?#a#d#h2 ( ! ,I,W,W = ! SAKE ( PR9CIPLE4 

,! ,I,W,W /RUCK A SP>K 9 ! HE>T ( Y\? AS NO O!R MOVEM5T 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 BE=E OR S9CE1 HAS DONE4 ,Y\NG IDEALI/S FROM @&_?#a#d#g2! W9DS@&_?#a#d#f2 F\R QU>T]S@&_?#a#d#h2 CAME TO ! ,I,W,W & GAVE IT ALL !Y HAD4 ,! MOVEM5T HAD ITS GIFT$ /RIKE LEAD]S1 ORGANIZ]S & ORATORS1 ITS POETS & ITS M>TYRS4 

,BY ! ACCUMULAT$ WEI<T ( ITS UNCEAS+ PROPAG&I/IC EF=TS1 & BY ! 9FLU5CE ( ITS H]OIC ACTIONS ON MANY OCCASIONS :I* W]E S5SATIONALLY PUBLICIZ$1 ! ,I,W,W EV5TUALLY P]MEAT$ A :OLE G5]ATION ( ,AM]ICAN RADICALS1 ( ALL %ADES & AFFILIATIONS1 ) ITS CONCEPT ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM AS ! BE/ =M = ! ORGANIZATION ( WORK]S@&_?#a#d#f2 P[] & ITS PROGRAM = A REVOLUTION>Y SETTLEM5T ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 

,IT WAS A LONG WAY FROM ! PIONE] CRUSADE ( ! ,I,W,W AMONG ! DISPOSSESS$ MIGRATORY WORK]S ON ! WE/]N FRONTI]1 9 ! SECOND DECADE ( \R C5TURY1 TO ! 9V9CIBLE PICKET L9ES & SIT-D[N /RIKES ( ! MASS PRODUCTION WORK]S 9 ! EA/]N C5T]S ( CONC5TRAT$ 9DU/RY1 9 ! ,?IRTIES4 ,A LONG WAY & NOT A /RAI<T ONE4 ,BUT ?AT@&_?#a#d#f2S ! R\TE OV] :I* ! MESSAGE ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM EV5TUALLY REA*$ ?OSE PLACES :]E IT WAS MO/ APPLICABLE & C\LD EV5TUALLY EXPLODE ) ! GREATE/ P[]4 

,! ,TURN+ ,PO9T 

,! :OLE RECORD ( ! ,I,W,W -- OR AT ANY RATE1 ! BE/ P>T ( IT1 ! POSITIVE REVOLUTION>Y P>T @&_?#a#e#a2 WAS ALL WRITT5 9 PROPAG&A & ACTION 9 ITS FIR/ #ae YE>S4 ,?AT IS ! 5DUR+ /ORY4 ,! RE/ IS ANTI-CLIMAX4 

,! TURN+ PO9T CAME ) ! 5TRANCE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9TO ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#a#g1 & ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION 9 ! SAME YE>4 ,!N @&_?#a#d#g2POLITICS1@&_?#a#d#h2 :I* ! ,I,W,W HAD DISAV[$ & CA/ \T1 CAME BACK & BROKE D[N ! DOOR4 

,!SE TWO EV5TS -- AGA9 CO9CID+ 9 ,RUSSIA & ,AM]ICA1 AS 9 #aie @&_?#a#e#a2 DEMON/RAT$ ?AT @&_?#a#d#g2POLITICAL ACTION@&_?#a#d#h2 WAS NOT M]ELY A MATT] ( ! BALLOT BOX1 SUBORD9ATE TO ! DIRECT CONFLICT ( ! UNIONS & EMPLOY]S ON ! ECONOMIC FIELD1 BUT ! V]Y ESS5CE ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,9 OPPOS+ ACTIONS ( TWO DIFF]5T CLASSES ! @&_?#a#d#g2POLITICAL /ATE1@&_?#a#d#h2 :I* ! ,I,W,W HAD ?\<T TO IGNORE1 WAS REVEAL$ AS ! C5TRALIZ$ P[] ( ! RUL+ CLASS2 & ! HOLD+ ( ! /ATE P[] %[$ 9 EA* CASE :I* CLASS WAS REALLY RUL+4 

,FROM ONE SIDE1 ?IS WAS %[N :5 ! ,F$]AL ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9T]V5$ DIRECTLY TO BREAK UP ! CONC5TRATION PO9TS ( ! ,I,W,W BY :OLESALE >RE/S ( ITS ACTIVI/S4 ,! @&_?#a#d#g2POLITICAL ACTION@&_?#a#d#h2 ( ! CAPITALI/ /ATE BROKE ! BACK ( ! ,I,W,W AS A UNION4 ,! ,I,W,W WAS COMPELL$ TO TRANS=M ITS PR9CIPAL ACTIVITIES 9TO ?OSE ( A DEF5SE ORGANIZATION1 /RIV+ BY LEGAL ME?ODS & PROPAG&A1 TO PROTECT ! POLITICAL & CIVIL RI<TS ( ITS MEMB]S AGA9/ ! DEPR$ATIONS ( ! CAPITALI/ /ATE P[]4 

,FROM ! O!R SIDE1 ! SAME DET]M9+ ROLE ( POLITICAL ACTION WAS DEMON/RAT$ POSITIVELY BY ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S TOOK ! /ATE P[] 9TO !IR [N H&S & US$ ?AT P[] TO EXPROPRIATE ! CAPITALI/S & SUPPRESS ALL ATTEMPTS AT C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,?AT1 9 FACT1 WAS ! FIR/ /AGE ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! PRE-CONDITION = ALL ?AT WAS TO FOLL[4 ,MOREOV]1 ! ORGANIZ+ & DIRECT+ C5T] ( ! VICTORI\S ,REVOLUTION HAD TURN$ \T TO BE1 NOT AN ALL-9CLUSIVE UNION1 BUT A P>TY ( SELECT$ REVOLUTIONI/S UNIT$ BY A PROGRAM & B\ND BY DISCIPL9E4 

,! TIME HAD COME = ! ,I,W,W TO REMEMB] ,HAYWOOD@&_?#a#d#f2S PROPHETIC 9JUNCTION AT ! ,F\ND+ ,CONV5TION 9 #a#i#e3 ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN WORK]S %\LD LOOK TO ,RUSSIA & FOLL[ ! ,RUSSIAN EXAMPLE4 ,BY W> & REVOLUTION1 ! MO/ IMP]ATIVE ( ALL AU?ORITIES1 ! ,I,W,W WAS PUT ON NOTICE TO BR+ ITS !ORETICAL CONCEPTIONS UP TO DATE2 TO ?9K & LE>N1 & *ANGE A LITTLE4 

,FIR/ 9DICATIONS W]E ?AT ?IS W\LD BE DONE2 ! ,BOL%EVIK VICTORY WAS HAIL$ ) 5?USIASM BY ! MEMB]S ( ! ,I,W,W4 ,9 !IR FIR/ REACTION1 IT IS SAFE TO SAY1 !Y SAW 9 IT ! COMPLETION & V9DICATION ( !IR [N 5DEAVORS4 ,BUT ?IS FIR/ IMPULSE WAS NOT FOLL[$ ?R\<4 

,SOME ( ! LEAD+ ,WOBBLIES1 9CLUD+ ,HAYWOOD HIMSELF1 TRI$ TO LE>N ! LESSONS ( ! W> & ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & TO ADJU/ !IR ?9K+ TO !M4 ,BUT ! BIG MAJORITY1 AFT] SEV]AL YE>S ( WAV]+1 W5T ! O!R WAY4 ,?AT SEAL$ ! DOOM ( ! ,I,W,W4 ,ITS TRAGIC FAILURE TO LOOK1 LI/5 & LE>N FROM ! TWO GREAT EV5TS CONDEMN$ IT TO DEFEAT & DECAY4 

,! GOV]N+ ROLE ( !ORY H]E ASS]T$ ITSELF SUPREMELY1 & 9 %ORT ORD]4 ,:ILE ! ,I,W,W WAS SETTL+ D[N 9 OSSIFICATION1 CONV]T+ ITS UNCOMPLET$ CONCEPTIONS AB\T ! REAL MEAN+ ( POLITICAL ACTION & POLITICAL P>TIES 9TO A /]ILE ANTI-POLITICAL DOGMA1 ! ?9K+ ( O!RS WAS CAT*+ UP ) REALITY1 ) ! GREAT NEW ?+S HAPP5+ 9 ! WORLD4 ,! O!RS1 ! Y\NG LEFT-W+ SOCIALI/S1 SOON TO CALL !MSELVES ,COMMUNI/S1 LACK$ ! BATTLE-TE/$ CADRES ( ! ,I,W,W4 ,BUT !Y HAD ! CORRECT PROGRAM4 ,?AT PROV$ TO BE DECISIVE4 

,! NEWLY =M$ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY SOON \T/RIPP$ ! ,I,W,W & LEFT IT ON ! SIDEL9ES4 ,IT WAS ALL DECID$ )9 ! SPACE ( TWO OR ?REE YE>S4 ,BY ! TIME ( ITS FIFTE5? ANNIV]S>Y 9 #aib ! ,I,W,W HAD ALREADY 5T]$ ! IRREV]SIBLE ROAD ( DECL9E4 ,ITS /R5G? WAS SP5T4 ,MO/ ( ITS CADRES1 ! PRECI\S HUMAN MAT]IAL SELECT$ & SIFT$ \T 9 H]OIC /RUGGLE1 W5T D[N ) ! ORGANIZATION4 ,!Y HAD BORNE P]SECUTION ADMIRABLY1 BUT ! PROBLEMS RAIS$ BY IT1 & BY ALL ! GREAT NEW EV5TS1 OV]:ELM$ !M4 ,! BE/ MILITANTS FELL 9TO 9ACTIVITY & !N DROPP$ \T4 ,! SECOND-RAT]S TOOK OV] & COMPLET$ ! WRECK & ! RU94 

,! FAILURE ( ! MA9 CADRES ( ! ,I,W,W TO BECOME 9TEGRAT$ 9 ! NEW MOVEM5T = ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 9SPIR$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 WAS A HI/ORICAL MISC>RIAGE :I* MI<T HAVE BE5 PREV5T$4 

,9 ACTION ! ,I,W,W HAD BE5 ! MO/ MILITANT1 ! MO/ REVOLUTION>Y SECTION ( ! WORK]S@&_?#a#d#f2 VANGU>D 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 ,! ,I,W,W1 :ILE CALL+ ITSELF A UNION1 WAS MU* NE>] TO ,L59@&_?#a#d#f2S CONCEPTION ( A P>TY ( PR(ESSIONAL REVOLUTIONI/S ?AN ANY O!R ORGANIZATION CALL+ ITSELF A P>TY AT ?AT TIME4 ,9 !IR PRACTICE1 & P>TLY ALSO 9 !IR !ORY1 ! ,WOBBLIES W]E CLOS] TO ,L59@&_?#a#d#f2S ,BOL%EVIKS ?AN ANY O!R GR\P 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 

,!RE %\LD HAVE BE5 A FUSION4 ,BUT1 9 A FA/-MOV+ SITUATION1 A NUMB] ( UNT[>D CIRCUM/ANCES1 COMB9$ ) ! 9ADEQUACY ( ! ,AM]ICAN COMMUNI/ LEAD]%IP1 B>R$ ! WAY4 

,! FAILURE ( ! ,I,W,W TO F9D A PLACE 9 ! NEW MOVEM5T ASSEMBL+ UND] ! BANN] ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 WAS NOT ! FAULT ( ! ,RUSSIANS4 ,!Y RECOGNIZ$ ! ,I,W,W AS A RI<TFUL P>T ( ! MOVEM5T !Y REPRES5T$ & MADE REPEAT$ ATTEMPTS TO 9CLUDE IT 9 ! NEW UNIFICATION ( =CES4 ,! FIR/ MANIFE/O ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL SPECIFI$ ! ,AM]ICAN ,I,W,W AS ONE ( ! ORGANIZATIONS 9VIT$ TO JO94 ,LAT]1 9 #a#i#b1 ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL ADDRESS$ A SPECIAL ,OP5 ,LETT] TO ! ,I,W,W1 9VIT+ ITS COOP]ATION4 
  

,! LETT] EXPLA9$1 9 ! TONE ( BRO!RS SPEAK+ TO BRO!RS1 ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y P>LIAM5T>ISM ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL HAD NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ! BALLOTBOX FETI%ISM & PIDDL+ RE=MISM ( ! RI<T-W+ SOCIALI/S4 ,HAYWOOD SAYS ( ?AT LETT]3 @&_?#a#d#g2,AFT] ,I HAD F9I%$ READ+ IT ,I CALL$ ,RALPH ,*APL9 OV] TO MY DESK & SAID TO HIM3 @&_?#a#d#e2,H]E IS :AT WE HAVE BE5 DREAM+ AB\T2 H]E IS ! ,I4,W4,W4 ALL FEA!R$ \T6@&_?#a#d#f2@&_?#a#d#h2 7,BILL ,HAYWOOD@&_?#a#d#f2S ,BOOK1 P4 #c#f47 

,9 W>-TIME ,FRANCE ,TROTSKY HAD F\ND HIS BE/ FRI5DS & CLOSE/ COLLABORATORS 9 ! FI<T AGA9/ ! W> AMONG ! SYNDICALI/S4 ,AFT] ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 9 A NOTABLE S]IES ( LETT]S1 PUBLI%$ LAT] AS A PAMPHLET1 HE URG$ !M TO JO9 =CES ) ! COMMUNI/S4 ,! !SES ADOPT$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL AT ITS ,SECOND ,CONGRESS RECOGNIZ$ ! PROGRESSIVE & REVOLUTION>Y SIDE ( PRE-W> SYNDICALISM1 & SAID IT REPRES5T$ A /EP =W>D FROM ! IDEOLOGY ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,! !SES ATTEMPT$ TO EXPLA9 AT ! SAME TIME1 9 ! MO/ PATI5T & FRI5DLY MANN]1 ! ]RORS & LIMITATIONS ( SYNDICALISM ON ! QUE/ION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TY & ITS ROLE4 

,P]HAPS ! *IEF CIRCUM/ANCE OP]AT+ AGA9/ A PATI5T & FRUITFUL DISCUSSION1 & AN ORD]LY TRANSITION ( ! ,I,W,W TO ! HI<] GR\ND ( ,BOL%EVISM1 WAS ! FURI\S P]SECUTION ( ! ,I,W,W AT ! TIME4 ,:5 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ]UPT$ 9 ! VICTORY 9 ,NOVEMB]1 #a#i#a#g1 HUNDR$S ( ! ,I,W,W ACTIVI/S W]E HELD 9 JAIL UND] EXCESSIVE BAIL1 AWAIT+ TRIAL4 ,FOLL[+ !IR CONVICTION A YE> LAT]1 !Y W]E S5T5C$ TO LONG T]MS 9 ! ,F$]AL ,P5IT5TI>Y4 

,?IS 9PRISONM5T CUT !M (F FROM CONTACT ) ! GREAT NEW EV5TS1 & OP]AT$ AGA9/ ! FREE EX*ANGE ( IDEAS :I* MI<T HAVE RESULT$ 9 AN AGREEM5T & FUSION ) ! DYNAMICALLY DEVELOP+ LEFT-W+ SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T HEAD$ T[>D ! NEW ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,! ,I,W,W AS AN ORGANIZATION WAS COMPELL$ TO DIV]T ITS 5TIRE ACTIVITIES 9TO ITS CAMPAIGN TO PROVIDE LEGAL DEF5SE = ITS VICTIMIZ$ MEMB]S4 ,! MEMB]S ( ! ORGANIZATION HAD LITTLE TIME OR ?\<T = O!R ?+S1 9CLUD+ ! ONE ALL-IMPORTANT ?+ -- ! ASSIMILATION ( ! LESSONS ( ! W> & ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,DESPITE ?AT1 A NUMB] ( ,I,W,W M5 HE>D ! NEW WORD FROM ,RUSSIA & FOLL[$ IT4 ,!Y RECOGNIZ$ 9 ,BOL%EVISM ! R\ND+ \T & COMPLETION ( !IR [N REVOLUTION>Y CONCEPTIONS1 & JO9$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,HAYWOOD EXPRESS$ !IR TR5D ( ?\<T SUCC9CTLY1 9 AN 9T]VIEW ) ,MAX ,EA/MAN1 PUBLI%$ 9 ,! ,LIB]ATOR1 ,APRIL1 #a#i#b#a4 

@&_?#a#d#g2',I FEEL AS IF ,I'D ALWAYS BE5 !RE1@&_?#a#d#f2 HE SAID TO ME4 @&_?#a#d#e2,Y\ REMEMB] ,I US$ TO SAY ?AT ALL WE NE$$ WAS FIFTY ?\S& REAL ,I4,W4,W4@&_?#a#d#f2S1 & !N AB\T A MILLION MEMB]S TO BACK !M UP8 ,WELL1 ISN@&_?#a#d#f2T ?AT A SIMIL> IDEA8 ,AT LEA/ ,I ALWAYS REALIZ$ ?AT ! ESS5TIAL ?+ WAS TO HAVE AN ORGANIZATION ( ?OSE :O KN[4'@&_?#a#d#h2 

,AS CLASS-CONSCI\S M5 ( ACTION1 ! ,WOBBLIES1 @&_?#a#d#g2! REAL ,I,W,W@&_?#a#d#f2S1@&_?#a#d#h2 HAD ALWAYS WORK$ TOGE!R AS A BODY TO 9FLU5CE ! L>G] MASS4 ,!IR PRACTICE CONTA9$ ! ESS5TIAL IDEA ( ! ,L59I/ CONCEPTION ( ! RELATION BETWE5 ! P>TY & ! CLASS4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS1 BE+ M5 ( !ORY 9 ALL !IR ACTION1 =MULAT$ IT MORE PRECISELY & DEVELOP$ IT TO ITS LOGICAL CONCLUSION 9 ! ORGANIZATION ( ?OSE CLASS-CONSCI\S ELEM5TS 9TO A P>TY ( !IR [N4 

,ALL ?AT SEEM$ CLE> TO ME AT ! TIME1 & ,I HAD GREAT HOPES ?AT AT LEA/ A L>GE SECTION ( ! ,WOBBLIES W\LD RECOGNIZE IT4 ,I DID ALL ,I C\LD TO CONV9CE !M4 ,I MADE ESPECIALLY P]SI/5T EF=TS TO CONV9CE ,V9C5T ,/4 ,JOHN HIMSELF1 & ALMO/ SUCCE$$2 ,I DIDN@&_?#a#d#f2T KN[ H[ CLOSE ,I HAD COME UNTIL LAT]1 :5 IT WAS TOO LATE4 

,:5 HE WAS RELEAS$ FROM ! ,F$]AL ,P5IT5TI>Y AT ,LEAV5WOR? ON BOND -- ,I ?9K IT WAS 9 ! E>LY P>T ( #aiai @&_?#a#e#a2 ,! ,SA9T /OPP$ OV] 9 ,KANSAS ,CITY & VISIT$ ME4 ,WE TALK$ AB\T ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION NI<T & DAY4 ,I BELIEVE HE WAS AS SYMPA!TIC AT ?AT TIME AS ,I WAS4 ,! REVOLUTION WAS AN ACTION @&_?#a#e#a2 & ?AT@&_?#a#d#f2S :AT HE BELIEV$ 94 ,BUT HE HAD NOT YET BEGUN TO GRAPPLE ) ! IDEA ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN WAY W\LD BE APPLICABLE TO ?IS C\NTRY1 & ?AT ! ,I,W,W W\LD HAVE TO RECOGNIZE IT4 

,HIS HO/ILITY TO A @&_?#a#d#g2P>TY@&_?#a#d#h2 & @&_?#a#d#g2POLITICIANS1@&_?#a#d#h2 BAS$ ON :AT HE HAD SE5 ( SU* ?+S 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 WAS ! FIX$ OB/ACLE4 ,I NOT$1 H[EV]1 ?AT HE DID NOT >GUE BACK1 BUT MA9LY LI/5$ TO :AT ,I HAD TO SAY4 ,A YE> OR SO LAT] WE HAD SEV]AL O!R DISCUSSIONS 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 :5 HE WAS /ILL \T ON BAIL BE=E HE WAS RETURN$ TO PRISON 9 ! FALL ( #a#i#b#a4 ,WE TALK$ A GREAT DEAL ON ?OSE OCCASIONS2 OR RA!R1 ,I DID1 & ,! ,SA9T LI/5$4 

,9 ADDITION TO MY PROSELYTIZ+ ZEAL = COMMUNISM 9 ?OSE DAYS1 ,I HAD A /RONG P]SONAL MOTIVATION = TRY+ TO W9 OV] ,V9C5T ,/4 ,JOHN TO ! NEW MOVEM5T4 ,COM+ FROM ! SYNDICALI/IC BACKGR\ND ( ! ,I,W,W1 ) ITS /RONG ANTI-9TELLECTUAL EMPHASIS1 ,I HAD BE5 PLUNG$ UP TO MY NECK 9 ! 9T]NAL /RUGGLES ( ! Y\NG ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ASSOCIATION ) ITS LEAD+ PEOPLE4 ,!Y W]E NE>LY ALL Y\NG 9TELLECTUALS1 )\T ANY EXP]I5CE OR FEEL = ! MASS MOVEM5T & ! @&_?#a#d#g2DIRECT ACTION@&_?#a#d#h2 ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,I WAS NOT V]Y MU* AT HOME 9 ?AT MILIEU2 ,I WAS LONESOME = PEOPLE ( MY [N K9D4 

,I HAD OV]COME MY [N @&_?#a#d#g2ANTI-9TELLECTUALISM@&_?#a#d#h2 TO A CONSID]ABLE EXT5T2 BUT ,I KNEW = SURE ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY W\LD NEV] F9D ITS WAY TO ! MASS MOVEM5T ( ! WORK]S ) A PURELY 9TELLECTUALI/IC LEAD]%IP4 ,I WAS LOOK+ = RE9=CEM5TS = A PROLET>IAN C\NT]-BALANCE ON ! O!R SIDE1 & ,I ?\<T ?AT IF ,I C\LD W9 OV] ,/4 ,JOHN IT W\LD MAKE A BIG DIFF]5CE4 ,9 FACT1 ,I KNEW IT4 

,I REMEMB] ! OCCASION :5 ,I MADE ! F9AL EF=T ) ,! ,SA9T4 ,! TWO ( US W5T TOGE!R TO HAVE D9N] & SP5D ! NI<T AS GUE/S ( ,C>LO ,TRESCA & ,ELIZABE? ,GURLEY ,FLYNN AT !IR COTTAGE ON ,/AT5 ,ISL& BEA*4 ,WE SP5T V]Y LITTLE TIME LOOK+ AT ! OCEAN1 AL?\< ?AT WAS ! FIR/ TIME ,I HAD EV] SE5 IT4 ,ALL ?R\< ! D9N] H\R1 & NE>LY ALL ?R\< ! NI<T1 WE DISCUSS$ MY !SIS ?AT ! FUTURE BELONG$ TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY2 & ?AT ! ,I,W,W MILITANTS %\LD NOT AB&ON ! NEW P>TY TO ! 9TELLECTUALS1 BUT COME 9TO IT & HELP TO %APE ITS PROLET>IAN *>ACT]4 

,AS 9 ! PREVI\S DISCUSSIONS1 ,I DID PRACTICALLY ALL ! TALK+4 ,! ,SA9T LI/5$1 AS DID ! O!RS4 ,!RE WAS NO DEF9ITE CONCLUSION TO ! LONG DISCUSSION2 NEI!R EXPRESS$ REJECTION NOR ACCEPTANCE ( MY PROPOSALS4 ,BUT ,I BEGAN TO FEEL WORN-\T ) ! EF=T & LET IT GO AT ?AT4 

,A %ORT TIME LAT] ,/4 ,JOHN RETURN$ TO ,*ICAGO4 ,! (FICIALS 9 *>GE ( ! ,I,W,W C5T] !RE W]E HO/ILE TO COMMUNISM & W]E EMBROIL$ 9 SOME BITT] QU>RELS ) A PRO-COMMUNI/ ,I,W,W GR\P 9 ,*ICAGO4 ,I DON@&_?#a#d#f2T KN[ :AT ! IMM$IATE OCCASION WAS1 BUT ,/4 ,JOHN WAS DRAWN 9TO ! CONFLICT & TOOK A /& ) ! ANTI-COMMUNI/ GR\P4 ,!N1 AS WAS NATURAL = HIM 9 ANY K9D ( A CRISIS1 ONCE HE HAD MADE UP HIS M9D HE TOOK *>GE ( ! SITUATION & BEGAN TO /E] ! ORGANIZATION DEF9ITELY AWAY FROM COOP]ATION ) ! COMMUNI/S4 
  

,YE>S LAT] -- 9 #aibf @&_?#a#e#a2 :5 ,ELIZABE? ,GURLEY ,FLYNN H]SELF F9ALLY CAME OV] TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & WAS WORK+ ) US 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,LABOR ,DEF5SE1 %E RECALL$ ?AT NI<T@&_?#a#d#f2S DISCUSSION ON ,/AT5 ,ISL& & SAID3 @&_?#a#d#g2,DID Y\ KN[ Y\ ALMO/ CONV9C$ ,! ,SA9T ?AT NI<T8 ,IF Y\ HAD TRI$ A LITTLE H>D] Y\ MI<T HAVE WON HIM OV]4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,I HADN@&_?#a#d#f2T KN[N IT2 & :5 %E TOLD ME ?AT1 ,I WAS DEEPLY SORRY ?AT ,I HAD NOT TRI$ JU/ @&_?#a#d#g2A LITTLE H>D]4@&_?#a#d#h2 

,! ,SA9T WAS CR[D+ #e AT ?AT TIME1 & JAIL & PRISON HAD TAK5 !IR TOLL4 ,HE WAS A BIT TIR$1 & HE MAY HAVE FELT ?AT IT WAS TOO LATE TO />T OV] AGA9 9 A NEW FIELD :]E HE1 LIKE ALL ( US1 HAD MU* TO LE>N4 ,:ATEV] ! REASON = ! FAILURE1 ,I /ILL LOOK BACK ON IT REGRETFULLY4 ,V9C5T ,/4 ,JOHN1 & ! ,I,W,W MILITANTS HE W\LD HAVE BR\<T ALONG1 C\LD HAVE MADE A BIG DIFF]5CE 9 EV]Y?+ ?AT W5T ON 9 ! ,C,P 9 ! ,TW5TIES4 

,! ,H]ITAGE 

,! EV5TUAL FAILURE ( ! ,I,W,W TO REMA9 TRUE TO ITS ORIG9AL SELF1 & TO CLAIM ITS [N H]ITAGE1 DOES NOT 9VALIDATE ITS GREAT CONTRIBUTIONS 9 PROPAG&A & ACTION TO ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T :I* SUCCE$S IT4 ,! ,I,W,W 9 ITS BE/ DAYS WAS MORE RI<T ?AN WRONG1 & ALL ?AT WAS RI<T REMA9S ! P]MAN5T ACQUISITION ( ! ,AM]ICAN WORK]S4 ,EV5 SOME ( ! ,I,W,W PROPOSITIONS :I* SEEM$ TO BE WRONG -- ONLY BECAUSE ! TIMES W]E NOT RIPE = !IR FULL REALIZATION @&_?#a#e#a2 WILL R9D !IR V9DICATION 9 ! COM+ P]IOD4 

,! ,I,W,W@&_?#a#d#f2S CONCEPTION ( A ,REPUBLIC ( ,LABOR1 BAS$ ON OCCUPATIONAL REPRES5TATION1 REPLAC+ ! PRES5T POLITICAL /ATE ) ITS T]RITORIAL =M ( REPRES5TATION1 WAS A REM>KABLE PREVISION ( ! C\RSE ( DEVELOPM5T :I* MU/ NECESS>ILY FOLL[ FROM ! VICTORY ( ! WORK]S 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 ,?IS NEW & DIFF]5T =M ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION WAS PROJECT$ AT ! ,F\ND+ ,CONV5TION ( ! ,I,W,W EV5 BE=E ! ,RUSSIAN ,BOL%EVIKS HAD RECOGNIZ$ ! ,WORK]S@&_?#a#d#f2 ,C\NCILS1 :I* HAD >IS5 SPONTANE\SLY 9 ! #aie ,REVOLUTION1 AS ! FUTURE GOV]NM5TAL =M4 

,! ,I,W,W PROGRAM ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM WAS C]TA9LY RI<T1 AL?\< IT CAME TOO E>LY = FULFILLM5T UND] ! ,I,W,W BANN]4 ,?IS HAS ALREADY BE5 PROV$ TO ! HILT 9 ! EM]G5CE & CONSOLIDATION ( ! ,C,I,O4 

,! ,I,W,W !ORY ( REVOLUTION>Y UNIONISM LIKEWISE CAME TOO E>LY = G5]AL ACCEPTANCE 9 ! EPO* ( ASC5D+ CAPITALISM 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 ,IT C\LD NOT BE REALIZ$ ON A WIDE SCALE 9 ! TIME ( ! ,I,W,W4 ,BUT RE RMI/ UNIONS1 9 ! PRES5T EPO* ( IMP]IALI/ DECAY1 HAVE ALREADY BECOME ANA*RONI/IC & >E CONFRONT$ ) AN ULTIMATUM FROM HI/ORY TO *ANGE !IR *>ACT] OR CEASE TO BE4 

,! MASS 9DU/RIAL UNIONS ( WORK]S1 BY ! FACT ( !IR EXI/5CE1 9/9CTIVELY /RIVE T[>D SOCIALISM4 ,) A CAPITALI/ M9D$ LEAD]%IP1 !Y >E A H\SE DIVID$ AGA9/ ITSELF1 HALF SLAVE & HALF FREE4 ,?AT CANNOT /&4 ,! /AGE IS BE+ SET = ! TRANS=MATION ( ! RE=MI/ UNIONS 9TO REVOLUTION>Y UNIONS1 AS !Y W]E PROJECT$ BY ! ,I,W,W HALF A C5TURY AGO4 

,! GREAT CONTRADICTION ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T TODAY IS ! DISP>ITY BETWE5 ! MASS UNIONS ) !IR ORGANIZ$ MILLIONS & ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TY :I* /ILL REMA9S ONLY A NUCLEUS1 & !IR SEP>ATION FROM EA* O!R4 ,! UNITY ( ! VANGU>D & ! CLASS1 :I* ! ,I,W,W TRI$ TO A*IEVE 9 ONE ORGANIZATION1 WAS %ATT]$ BECAUSE ! TIME WAS NOT RIPE & ! =MULA WAS 9ADEQUATE4 ,! TIME IS N[ APPROA*+ :5 ?IS ANTI!TIC SEP>ATION MU/ GIVE WAY TO A NEW SYN!SIS4 

,?IS SYN!SIS -- ! UNITY ( ! CLASS & ! SOCIALI/ VANGU>D @&_?#a#e#a2 WILL BE >RIV$ AT 9 ! COM+ P]IOD 9 A DIFF]5T WAY FROM ?AT ATTEMPT$ BY ! ,I,W,W4 ,IT WILL NOT BE ACCOMPLI%$ BY A S+LE ORGANIZATION4 ,! BUILD+ ( A SEP>ATE P>TY ORGANIZATION ( ! SOCIALI/ VANGU>D IS ! KEY TO ! RESOLUTION ( ! PRES5T CONTRADICTION ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,?IS WILL NOT BE A B>RI] TO WORK+ CLASS UNITY BUT ! NECESS>Y CONDITION = IT4 

,! WORK+ CLASS CAN BE REALLY UNIT$ ONLY :5 IT BECOMES A CLASS = ITSELF1 CONSCI\SLY RI<T+ ! EXPLOIT]S AS A CLASS4 ,! RUL+ BUREAUCRATS1 :O PREA* & PRACTICE CLASS COLLABORATION1 CON/ITUTE 9 EFFECT A PRO-CAPITALI/ P>TY 9 ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,! P>TY ( ! SOCIALI/ VANGU>D REPRES5TS ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! CLASS4 ,ITS ORGANIZATION SIGNIFIES NOT A SPLIT ( ! CLASS MOVEM5T ( ! WORK]S1 BUT A DIVISION ( LABOR )9 IT1 TO FACILITATE & EFFECTUATE ITS UNIFICATION ON A REVOLUTION>Y BASIS2 ?AT IS1 AS A CLASS = ITSELF4 

,AS AN ORGANIZATION ( REVOLUTIONI/S1 UNIT$ NOT SIMPLY BY ! IMM$IATE ECONOMIC 9T]E/S :I* B9D ALL WORK]S TOGE!R 9 A UNION1 BUT BY DOCTR9E & PROGRAM1 ! ,I,W,W WAS 9 PRACTICE1 IF NOT 9 !ORY1 F> AHEAD ( O!R EXP]IM5TS ALONG ?IS L9E 9 ITS TIME1 EV5 ?\< ! ,I,W,W CALL$ ITSELF A UNION & O!RS CALL$ !MSELVES P>TIES4 

,?AT WAS ! ,I,W,W@&_?#a#d#f2S GREATE/ CONTRIBUTION TO ! ,AM]ICAN LABOR MOVEM5T -- 9 ! PRES5T /AGE ( ITS DEVELOPM5T & 9 ?OSE TO COME4 ,ITS UNFAD+ CLAIM TO GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE WILL RE/ 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS ON ! PIONE]+ ROLE IT PLAY$ AS ! FIR/ GREAT ANTICIPATION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TY :I* ! VANGU>D ( ! ,AM]ICAN WORK]S WILL FA%ION TO ORGANIZE & LEAD !IR EMANCIPAT+ REVOLUTION4 

,?IS CONCEPTION ( AN ORGANIZATION ( REVOLUTIONI/S HAS TO BE COMPLET$ & R\ND$ \T1 & RECOGNIZ$ AS ! MO/ ESS5TIAL1 ! MO/ P[]FUL ( ALL DESIGNS 9 ! EPO* ( IMP]IALI/ DECL9E & DECAY1 :I* CAN BE BR\<T TO AN 5D ONLY BY A VICTORI\S WORK]S@&_?#a#d#f2 REVOLUTION4 ,! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION1 MORE ?AN ANY O!R1 WILL REQUIRE A SEP>ATE1 SPECIAL ORGANIZATION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y VANGU>D4 ,& IT MU/ CALL ITSELF BY ITS RI<T NAME1 A P>TY4 

,! EXP]IM5TAL EF=TS ( ! ,I,W,W ALONG ?IS L9E REMA9 P>T ( ! P]MAN5T CAPITAL ( ?OSE :O >E UND]TAK+ TO BUILD SU* A P>TY4 ,!Y WILL NOT DISC>D OR DISC\NT ! VALUE ( !IR 9H]ITANCE FROM ! OLD ,I,W,W2 BUT !Y WILL ALSO SUPPLEM5T IT BY ! EXP]I5CE & ?\<T ( O!RS BEYOND \R BORD]S4 

,! COM+ G5]ATION1 :I* WILL HAVE ! TASK ( BR++ ! CLASS /RUGGLE TO ITS CONCLUSION -- FULFILL+ ! @&_?#a#d#g2HI/ORIC MISSION ( ! WORK+ CLASS1@&_?#a#d#h2 AS ! @&_?#a#d#g2,PREAMBLE@&_?#a#d#h2 DESCRIB$ IT @&_?#a#e#a2 WILL TAKE MU* FROM ! OLD LEAD]S ( ! ,I,W,W @&_?#a#e#a2 ,DEBS1 ,HAYWOOD1 ,DE ,LEON & ,/4 ,JOHN1 & WILL GLORIFY !IR NAMES4 ,BUT 9 ASSIMILAT+ ALL ! HUGE EXP]I5CES S9CE !IR TIME1 !Y WILL BORR[ EV5 MORE HEAVILY FROM ! M5 :O G5]ALIZ$ !SE EXP]I5CES 9TO A GUID+ !ORY4 ,! ,AM]ICANS WILL GO TO S*OOL TO ! ,RUSSIANS1 AS ! ,RUSSIANS W5T TO S*OOL TO ! ,G]MANS1 ,M>X & ,5GELS4 
  

,HAYWOOD@&_?#a#d#f2S ADVICE AT ! ,F\ND+ ,CONV5TION ( ! ,I,W,W /ILL HOLDS GOOD4 ,! ,RUSSIAN WAY IS ! WAY TO \R ,AM]ICAN FUTURE1 TO ! FUTURE ( ! :OLE WORLD4 ,! GREATE/ ?9K]S ( ! 9T]NATIONAL MOVEM5T S9CE ,M>X & ,5GELS1 & ALSO ! GREATE/ M5 ( ACTION1 W]E ! ,RUSSIAN ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION IS !RE TO PROVE IT1 RUL+ \T ALL >GUM5T4 ,?AT REVOLUTION /ILL /&S AS ! EXAMPLE2 ALL ! P]V]SIONS & BETRAYALS ( ,/AL9ISM CANNOT *ANGE ?AT4 

,! ,RUSSIAN ,BOL%EVIKS -- ,L59 & ,TROTSKY 9 ! FIR/ PLACE @&_?#a#e#a2 HAVE 9SPIR$ EV]Y =W>D /EP TAK5 BY ! REVOLUTION>Y VANGU>D 9 ?IS C\NTRY S9CE #a#i#a#g4 ,& IT IS TO !M ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN WORK]S WILL TURN = GUIDANCE 9 ! NEXT /AGES ( !IR EVOLV+ /RUGGLE = EMANCIPATION4 ,! FUSION ( !IR @&_?#a#d#g2,RUSSIAN@&_?#a#d#h2 IDEAS ) ! 9H]ITANCE ( ! ,I,W,W IS ! ,AM]ICAN WORK]S@&_?#a#d#f2 PRESCRIPTION = VICTORY4 

,LOS ,ANGELES1 ,JUNE1 #a#i#e#e4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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