,*APT] #e 
,GRUPO #a ,DE ,MAYO 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALB]T ,MELTZ] 

,TEXT 3 

,GRUPO #a DE ,MAYO 

  

,AT ! 5D ( ,APRIL #aiff ,MGR4 ,M>COS ,USSIA1 ! ECCLESIA/ICAL ADVIS] TO ! ,SPANI% ,EMBASSY 9 ! ,VATICAN1 DISAPPE>$ MY/]I\SLY :ILE RETURN+ FROM ! ,EMBASSY TO HIS HOME 9 ! SUBURBS ( ,ROME4 ,A FEW DAYS LAT] ! ,FIR/ ( ,MAY GR\P ANN\NC$ ITS EXI/5CE 9 ,ROME1 :ILE ,C,N,T MILITANT ,LUIS ,&RES ,$O1 9 ,MADRID1 ANN\NC$ SIMULTANE\SLY TO ! WORLD PRESS ?AT ,USSIA HAD BE5 KIDNAPP$ TO DRAW ATT5TION TO ! PLI<T ( ,FRANCO'S PRISON]S4 ,! RESULTS ( ?IS ACTION BY ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ MOVEM5T BECAME AN ISSUE ( 9T]NATIONAL IMPORTANCE & A C5TRAL PO9T ( DISCUSSION 9 ! ,ITALIAN1 ,FR5*1 ,SWISS1 ,SPANI% & ,SW$I% PRESS 7! ,BRITI% PRESS AVOID$ IT1 P]HAPS = FE> ( IMITATIVE ACTION74 ,:5 ! PRIE/ WAS RELEAS$ UNH>M$ AFT] FIFTE5 DAYS ( 9T5SIVE & FRUITLESS SE>*ES BY ,ITALIAN1 ,SWISS1 & ,FR5* POLICE1 IT PROV$ ! EFFICI5CY ( 9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/ SOLID>ITY1 & DISPROV$ ! 'T]RORI/' LABEL PUT ON !M BY ,9T]POL4 

,LAT]1 ,$O WAS >RE/$ 9 ,MADRID ) F\R O!R COMRADES 7M5 & WOM57 ACCUS$ ( PREP>+ TO KIDNAP A HI<-RANK+ MILIT>Y (FIC] 9 ! ,AM]ICAN ,>MY :O WAS BAS$ !RE4 ,ONCE AGA9 ! AN>*I/S HAD BR\<T TOGE!R 9 AN 9T]NATIONAL /RUGGLE ! OLD FI<T AGA9/ ,FRANCO & ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,AM]ICAN IMP]IALISM4 ,N[ !Y W]E RE-G\P$ UND] ! OLD BANN]S ( ! ',FIR/ ( ,MAY'1 EMBODY+ ! TRADITIONS ( LIB]T>IAN ACTIVISM DUR+ EI<TY YE>S ( CLASS /RUGGLE AGA9/ CAPITALISM4 ,! /RUGGLE = WORK]S' C\NCILS & DIRECT WORK]S' CONTROL1 9 OPPOSITION TO SLOGANS ( NATIONALISM1 NATIONALIZATION & RE=M1 HAD ALWAYS BE5 ASSOCIAT$ ) ! ,FIR/ ( ,MAY ,MOVEM5T4 ,N[ ?AT /RUGGLE WAS BACK$ UP BY %>P1 DECISIVE ACTIONS AGA9/ P>TICUL> =MS ( CLASS REPRESSION4 

,?\< ! 'C\NT]-CULTURE' & 'ALT]NATIVE SOCIETY' COM+ FROM ! Y\? REVOLUTION 9 ,AM]ICA HAD REALLY NO?+ TO DO ) REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM1 YET IT CONTA9$ )9 ITSELF /RONGLY REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS & ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T BECAME TRANS=M$1 AS GRADUALLY NEW & OLD REVOLUTION>IES UNIT$ TOGE!R F9D+ !IR [N LEVEL4 ,?IS WAS IMPELL$ FUR!R BY ! ,VIETNAM ,W> & ITS WORLD-WIDE CONSEQU5CES ( PROTE/ MOVEM5TS1 & ! RISE ( SU* GR\PS AS ! ,WEA!RM5 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES :I* GREATLY 9FLU5C$ ! 'ALT]NATIVE SOCIETY' MOVEM5T 9 ,EUROPE1 & ESPECIALLY 9 ,GREECE & ,TURKEY1 :]E = ! FIR/ TIME 9 FIFTY YE>S A LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T >OSE AMONG ! Y\?1 DIVID$ BETWE5 ,AN>*I/S & ,M>XI/-,L59I/S1 BUT /RUGGL+ AGA9/ ! DESPOTIC REGIMES ( ?OSE C\NTRIES UP TO A PO9T :]E ! REGIME 9 ,TURKEY WAS OBLIG$ TO MA9TA9 A SORT ( P]MAN5T CIVIL W> AGA9/ Y\NG WORK]S & /UD5TS1 & ?AT 9 ,GREECE TO USE ALL ! ME?ODS ( ,NAZI RULE LE>N$ BY ! POLICE DUR+ ! W>4 

,9 MANY C\NTRIES1 ! GR[? ( ! VAGUELY 'LIB]T>IAN LEFT' 9CL9$ T[>DS ,BLANQUISM OR P]HAPS AN>*ISM1 ) ,M>XI/ PHRASEOLOGY1 CONT9U$--?\< AS OR?ODOX ,MAOI/ MOVEM5TS ROSE1 ! MOVEM5T WAS IMPELL$ AWAY FROM ITS ',MAOI/' 9CL9ATIONS4 ,?IS MOVEM5T TOOK A /RONG P>T 9 ! FI<T = CIVIL RI<TS & = WORK]S CONTROL1 & AGA9/ ! TYRANNY ( ! /ATE4 ,TO ! PRESS1 9EVITABLY F> MORE UN9=M$ ?AN ! PUBLIC IF PRESUM$ TO S]VE1 ALL ?IS WAS ! 'AN>*I/ MOVEM5T' & ! REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVI/ W+ AT ?AT2 A SUPPOSITION 5C\RAG$ BY ,TORY PROPAG&A :I* S\<T TO PRES5T ! AN>*I/S AS 'BOGEYM5' JU/ AS ! ,LEFT1 = ?AT MATT]1 TRI$ TO USE ! FASCI/S = ! SAME PURPOSE4 

,9 #aifg & #aifh REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVISM %[$ ITS H& AGA94 ,ATTACKS W]E MADE ON ! (FICES ( ,AM]ICAN CIVIL & MILIT>Y C5T]S ?R\<\T ,EUROPE & ON ! EMBASSIES ( ! ,SPANI%1 ,PORTUGUESE1 ,GREEK1 ,BOLIVIAN & ,URUGUAYAN ,GOV]NM5TS 7AMONG O!RS74 ,FOLL[+ !SE SIMULTANE\S ACTIONS 9 ,BRITA91 ,FRANCE1 ,G]MANY1 ,HOLL&1 ,SWITZ]L& & ,ITALY1 ! ,FIR/ ( ,MAY ,GR\P & ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOLID>ITY ,MOVEM5T ISSU$ A MANIFE/O CALL+ ON ALL REVOLUTION>IES TO PRACTICE AN EFFECTIVE SOLID>ITY ) ALL VICTIMS ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,! /RUGGLE BEGAN AGA9 9 ,TURKEY1 ) ! =MATION ( CELLS COMPOS$ ( BO? ,AN>*I/S & ,M>XI/S 9 A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP4 ,I',EXPRESS 7,P>ISIAN WEEKLY7 =ESAW ?AT ',AN>*I/S WILL PREP>E A HOT SUMM]' & REPORT$ 9 ,M>* #aifh ON ! ACTIVITIES ( :AT !Y DESCRIB$ AS 'EXTREME LEFT W+ ORGANIZATIONS 9 ,EUROPE'1 PREP>$ BY !IR ,G]MAN & ,DUT* CORRESPOND5TS4 ,! SITUATIONI/ MOVEM5T1 & ! PROVO MOVEM5T 9 ,HOLL&1 W]E L9K$ TOGE!R ) ! LIB]T>IAN LEFT & ! ,AN>*I/ REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVI/S4 ,& 9DE$1 TWO MON?S LAT]1 AN>*ISM REAPPE>$ ONCE MORE AS ! DYNAMIC =CE IT IS4 

,! EV5TS ( ,P>IS--) ! P>TICIPATION 9 IT BY ,AN>*I/S1 ,MAOI/S1 ,TROTSKYI/S1 ,SITUATIONI/S & O!RS-->E WELL KN[N4 ,& ! ,FIR/ ( ,MAY ,GR\P BEGAN ATTACKS ON ,IB]IA ,AIRL9ES 9 DEF5SE ( ,SPANI% POLITICAL PRISON]S4 ,CONC]T$ ATTACKS AFFIRM$ 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY ) !M4 ,:ILE ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOLID>ITY ,MOVEM5T BO? DIRECTLY & 9DIRECTLY HELP$ ! APPE>ANCE ( MORE ACTIVE GR\PS 9 ,FRANCE1 ,BRITA91 ,ITALY1 ,SWITZ]L&1 ,G]MANY1 ,TURKEY & ,GREECE4 ,GR\PS :I* MORE OR LESS 9DEP5D5TLY CONT9U$ ! ACTIVI/ /RUGGLE 9 !IR [N C\NTRY AGA9/ ! /EADY PROGRESSION ( ! ,/ATE T[>DS DICTATOR%IP1 :ILE /EPP+ 9TO O!R C\NTRIES TO HELP ?AT /RUGGLE ATTA9 GREAT] 9T5SITY4 ,!RE W]E NUM]\S ACTS 9 ALL !SE C\NTRIES1 ?OSE 9 ,BRITA9 9CLUD+ A BOMB ATTACK ON ! ,HOME ,SECRET>Y'S H\SE ON ! DAY ( NATIONAL PROTE/ AGA9/ ! ,9DU/RIAL ,RELATIONS ,BILL2 AN ATTACK ON A ,M9I/] :O HAD DEF5D$ ! IDEA ( B\RGEOIS ATTACKS UPON /RIK]S DUR+ ! ELECTRICITY DISPUTE1 ATTACKS ON ,=D'S & ON ! ME*ANIZ$ DOSSI]S ( ,SCOTL& ,Y>D AT ,T9TAGEL ,H\SE1 ON ! ,ITALIAN1 ,SPANI% & ,AM]ICAN EMBASSIES1 ON RECRUIT+ (FICES & MILIT>Y B>RACKS1 ON ,SPANI% BANKS1 & ON ,GOV]NM5T BUILD+S1 SOME ( :I* 9CID5TS W]E LABEL$ AS 7& ALL LABEL$ BY ! POLICE AS7 COM+ FROM ! ,ANGRY ,BRIGADE1 ?\< ?IS WAS NOT A SPECIFIC ORGANIZATION1 BUT A MANIFE/ATION ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVISM ?R\< A WIDE CIRCLE ( ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T G5]ALLY4 

,! EXI/5CE ( ! ,AN>*I/ ACTIVI/ GR\PS 5C\RAG$ A WIDE SECTION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y LEFT1 NOT EXPLICITLY AN>*I/ BUT C]TA9LY LIB]T>IAN1 TO /EP UP ! /RUGGLE & %AKE !MSELVES FREE ( ! NONRESI/ANCE ELEM5TS4 ,?\< ALL SU* REVOLUTION>Y ATTEMPTS HAVE BE5 P>TICUL>LY SCRUPUL\S 9 !IR RESPECT = HUMAN LIFE DUR+ ! :OLE ( ! DECADE1 & HAVE AVOID$ 9NOC5T VICTIMS 5TIRELY ! CAMPAIGN ( REPRESSION AGA9/ ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T HAS 7\TSIDE ,SPA97 BE5 UNEQUAL$ S9CE ! DAYS ( ,NAZISM4 ,! ACTIVITIES ( ,NATIONALI/ GR\PS1 ) :I* !Y HAVE NO?+ 9 COMMON1 & :I* BY !IR NATURE C\LD NOT BE SO SCRUPUL\S1 HAVE BE5 MALICI\SLY ASCRIB$ TO !M4 

,?IS HAS BE5 ! CASE 9 ,ITALY1 ,G]MANY1 ,TURKEY & ,GREECE & EV5 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA9 :]E =MS ( RE/RA9T OV] ! POLICE >E BELIEV$ TO EXI/4 

,! ,AN>*I/ ,BLACK ,CROSS1 AS (F]+ A LEGITIMATE MEANS ( EXPRESSION = ! AN>*I/ REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVI/S1 HAS BE5 P>TICUL>LY ! OBJECT ( ATTACK4 ,9 ,MILAN1 ,GIUSEPPE ,P9ELLI1 MILITANT AN>*I/1 EX-MEMB] ( ! W>TIME ,RESI/ANCE & SECRET>Y ( ! ,ITALIAN ,A,B,C1 WAS >RE/$ FOLL[+ A ,FASCI/ BOMB 9 ,MILAN & ?R[N FROM A POLICE /ATION W9D[ DUR+ 9T]ROGATION2 9 ,G]MANY1 A POLICY ( EXT]M9ATION C>RI$ \T BY ! ,G]MAN POLICE AGA9/ ! ,R$ ,>MY ,FRACTION1 COMPOS$ ( ,M>XI/S & ',AN>*O-,M>XI/S'1 WAS EXT5D$ TO %OOT D[N 9 ! /REET MEMB]S ( ! ,BLACK ,CROSS1 9CLUD+ ,GEORG VON ,RAU* & ,?OMAS ,WEIS-BECK]4 ,!N ,/U>T ,*RI/IE1 SECRET>Y & CO-F\ND]1 WAS >RE/$ 9 ,LONDON *>G$ ) ! ACTIVITIES ( ! ,ANGRY ,BRIGADE TOGE!R ) A NUMB] ( COMRADES1 M5 & ,WOM51 :O REPRES5T$ A WIDE SECTION ( ! LIB]T>IAN LEFT & A WIDE V>IETY ( 9T]E/S 7ALL BE+ DESCRIBE BY PRESS & PROSECUTION AS ,AN>*I/S1 ?\< ?IS ONLY APPLI$ TO SOME74 ,?IS L$ TO ! LONGE/ & MO/ CO/LY TRIAL 9 REC5T JUDICIAL HI/ORY 9 ,5GL&1 5D+ 9 T5 YE>S EA* = F\R ( ! ACCUS$1 ) F\R BE+ ACQUITT$ 7& PREC$$ BY #ae YE>S UND] ANO!R1 BUT NOTORI\SLY REACTION>Y JUDGE1 & AN ACQUITTAL74 

,9 ,SCOTL&1 SAVAGE S5T5CES W]E PASS$ ON MEMB]S ( ! ,SCOTTI% ,WORK]S ,P>TY1 A ,MAOI/ ORGANIZATION4 ,!SE EXAMPLES >E ONLY ! MORE SPECTACUL> TE/IMONIES ( B\RGEOIS1 SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC & FASCI/ REPRESSION AGA9/ REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/1 LIB]T>IAN ACTIVISM & REVOLUTION>Y =MS ( ,M>XISM TOO1 BUT SU* P]SECUTION HAS NOT & WILL NOT A*IEVE ITS OBJECT BECAUSE ! IDEA ( 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY IS GR[+ BY LEAPS & B\NDS4 ,EV5 9 ,TURKEY1 :]E ! MO/ OBSC5E =MS ( TORTURE >E BE+ US$ AGA9/ ! Y\NG REVOLUTION>IES1 & 9 ,SPA91 :]E TORTURE & DEA? >E COMMONPLACE1 ! IDEA ( WORK]S C\NCILS & ! AFFIRMATION ?AT ! FI<T = ! OCCUPATION ( ! PLACES ( WORK WILL BE BACK$ BY ACTIVI/ GR\PS CONT9UES TO FL\RI%4 

,! /RUGGLE IS NOT ON ! O!R SIDE ( ! WORLD4 ,IT EXI/S 9 ! C\NTRIES DOM9AT$ BY ,/ATE CAPITALISM & ,/ATE ,COMMUNISM AS WELL AS 9 ! CAPITALI/ & FASCI/ C\NTRIES4 ,IT IS NOT ONLY 9 ! '?IRD WORLD' OR ! UNDEVELOP$ P>T ( ! WORLD4 ,! CALL = REVOLUTION HAS GONE ?R\< ,EUROPE4 ,NEV] AGA9 WILL IT LIE D[N BE=E ! ATTACKS ( FASCI/S1 VIGILANTES OR SECRET POLICE4 ,IT IS NOT EV5 CONF9$ TO ONE REVOLUTION>Y IDEOLOGY4 ,IT IS NOT A CONSPIRACY4 ,IT IS A MOVEM5T ?AT MAY PROVE TO BE IRRESI/IBLE4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,UPDAT$4 

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