,9TRODUCTION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

,9TRODUCTION 
     

      ,! ,H\SE ( ! ,WOLF+S WAS FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 #a#h#i2 LIKE SEV]AL ( ,MORRIS'S O!R NOVELS IT W5T ?R\< A P]IOD ( FA%IONABILITY BETWE5 !N & ! LATE ,$W>DIAN P]IOD -- EV5 BE+ US$ AS A SET TEXT = S*OOLS -- BE=E DISAPPE>+ FROM VIEW4 ,N[ IF !SE NOVELS >E KN[N AT ALL IT IS AS ANCE/ORS ( ! MOD]N FANTASY NOVEL4 ,BUT ,MORRIS'S ORIG9AL 9T5TION WAS MU* WID] ?AN ?IS4 
     

,! FIR/ REACTION TO ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION & ! ,5LI<T5M5T IT BR\<T ) IT WAS NATURAL3 TO SEE EV]Y?+ M$IEVAL AS ROMANTIC - EV5 PEOPLE LIKE ,GRIMM DIDN'T ESCAPE ?IS4 ,! SECOND REACTION - & ?IS CORRESPONDS TO ! SOCIALI/ T5D5CY1 AL?\< !SE ACADEMICS HAVE NO IDEA ( BE+ CONNECT$ ) IT - IS TO LOOK BEYOND ! MIDDLE AGES TO ! PRIMEVAL /AGE ( EV]Y PEOPLE4 

,LETT] FROM ,M>X TO ,5GELS1 ,M>* #b#e? #ahfh 

,MORRIS'S EVOLUTION UP TO ! ,H\SE ( ! ,WOLF+S HAD FOLL[$ EXACTLY ?IS R\TE2 FROM HIS 9ITIAL 5?USIASM = ALL ?+S M$IEVAL1 HIS PASSION 
= ,ICEL& & ,ICEL&IC LIT]ATURE HAD GIV5 HIM A DEEP KN[L$GE ( & 
FEEL = E>LY ,G]MANIC HI/ORY & SOCIETY4 ,AS ) ,M>X & ,5GELS1 HIS 9T]E/ 9 !SE SOCIETIES WAS ANY?+ BUT PURELY ACADEMIC2 ! PRIMITIVE COMMUNISM DIMLY VISIBLE BEH9D ! MIDDLE AGES WAS A DIRECT VALIDATION ( HIS POLITICAL HOPES = ! FUTURE4 ,BUT ! 9T5TIONS ( ! ?REE 9 DEAL+ ) ! P]IOD W]E QUITE DIFF]5T4  

 ,M>X'S 9T]E/ 9 ! P]IOD1 EXPRESS$ 9 MO/ DETAIL 9 ! SECTION ON ,=MS :I* PREC$E CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION ( ! ,GRUNDRISSE1 WAS C5T]$ ON 9TEGRAT+ ! PROP]TY RELATIONS ( ?IS P]IOD 9TO HIS OV]ALL !ORY4 ,5GELS' 9ITIAL 9T5TION WAS TO UND]/& ! HI/ORICAL PATT]NS ( L&-HOLD+ 9 ORD] TO BE ABLE TO BETT] 9T]V5E 9 >GUM5TS OV] ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY'S PEASANT POLICY1 & ?\< ! *APT] ON ! ,G5S 9 ,! ,ORIG9S ( ! ,FAMILY1 ,PRIVATE ,PROP]TY1 & ! ,/ATE BRIEFLY DISCUSSES ! ROLE ( K9%IP AMONG ! ,G]MANIC PEOPLES1 HE WAS !N MA9LY CONC]N$ ) ILLU/RAT+ HIS 7N[ RA!R DAT$7 !ORIES ( A PRIMEVAL MATRI>*ICAL SOCIETY4  ,MORRIS HAD LESS 9T]E/ 9 GR& !ORY1 & SIMPLY WANT$ TO UND]/& :AT IT MI<T FEEL LIKE TO HAVE LIV$ 9 A FREE1 IF PRIMITIVE1 SOCIETY2 ,! ,H\SE ( ! ,WOLF+S IS ! RESULT4 
    

,TO DESCRIBE ?IS SOCIETY ,MORRIS C\LD DRAW ON A WEAL? ( MAT]IAL3 NOT JU/ 
HIS KN[L$GE ( ! CONTEMPOR>Y ,ROMAN S\RCES1 BUT ALSO ! KN[L$GE GA9$ 
FROM HIS ,ICEL&IC TRANSLATIONS4 ,! ,$DAS & ! ,SAGA ( ! ,VOLSUNGS1 ?\< FIR/ WRITT5 D[N 9 ! #a#b? C5TURY & LAT]1 CONTA9$ P]SI/5T E*OES ( F> E>LI] TIMES & DI/ANT PLACES - C5T]$ >\ND  
! W>S ( ! ,GO?S & ! ,HUNS 9 C5TRAL & EA/]N ,EUROPE 9 LATE CLASSICAL TIMES4 ,MORRIS COMB9$ ?IS BACKGR\ND ) ! REC5T AN?ROPOLOGICAL  
DISCOV]Y ( ! IMPORTANCE ( K9%IP 9 PREHI/ORIC PEOPLES1 ! ,IROQUOIS 9 
P>TICUL>1 TO PRODUCE A PICTURE ( AN E>LY ,G]MANIC PEOPLE LIV+ 9 CLAN-BAS$ LON<\SES1 EA* ) !IR [N TOTEMIC ANCE/OR1 HOLD+ !IR L& 9 
COMMON1 ELECT+ !IR LEAD]S1 & MAK+ DECISIONS 9 CLAN & TRIBAL MEET+S4 ,?\< HE WAS C>EFUL NOT TO IDEALIZE !M - ?IS IS NOT A UTOPIA1 & ! TRIBE >E ILLIT]ATE1 HAVE SLAVES1 TAK5 9 W>1 & OCCASIONALLY PRACTICE HUMAN SACRIFICE - IT IS CLE> 
?AT !SE >E A FREE PEOPLE1 SELF-DET]M9$ 9 A WAY ?AT HAS NOT BE5 TRUE 
= ANY LAT] P]IOD4  

,BUT ,! ,H\SE ( ! ,WOLF+S IS NOT A /ATIC PICTURE4 ,! TRIBE 
7( :I* ! ,WOLF+S >E ONE ( ! PR9CIPAL CLANS7 >RIV$ 9 ! ,G]MAN 
=E/S NOT SO LONG AGO1 & >E N[ LOCK$ 9 W> ) ! ,ROMANS - ( :OM BY CONTRA/ IT IS SAID ?AT   

.<!IR.> ?RALLS & 444 UNHAPPY FREEM5 DO ALL TILL+ & H]D+ & ALL DE$S ( CRAFTMAN%IP1 & ABOVE !SE >E M5 :OM !Y CALL MA/]S & LORDS 
:O DO NAU<T 444 LIKE CURS FALL5 AWAY FROM K9D4 

   

,! BOOK IS ! /ORY ( H[ ! ,WOLF+S FI<T1 & EV5TUALLY DE/ROY1 ! 
9VAD+ ,ROMAN LEGIONS4 ,BUT H]E ,MORRIS FAC$ A PROBLEM3 :ILE HE C\LD TRY 
TO RECON/RUCT ! SOCIETY ( !SE E>LY PEOPLE1 !IR HI/ORY IS ALMO/ 
UNKN[N1 & :AT IS KN[N IS KN[N L>GELY FROM ! ,ROMAN SIDE4 ,RA!R 
?AN ATTEMPT TO =CE ! /ORY 9TO A KN[N HI/ORICAL CONTEXT 79 :I* CASE 
IT W\LD HAVE HAD TO BE ! /ORY ( ! DE/RUCTION ( ! LEGIONS ( ,V>US 
9 ,A,D #i BY ,>M9IUS1 LEAD] ( ! ,*]USCI7 ,MORRIS PREF]R$ TO PRES]VE 
HIS FRE$OM ( 9V5TION4 ,HIS SOLUTION WAS BRILLIANTLY SIMPLE3 ! /ORY IS 
ONE TOLD BY ! DESC5DANTS ( ! ,WOLF+S MANY YE>S LAT]1 & AS ) ! 
,SAGA ( ! ,VOLSUNGS1 EV5TS HAVE BECOME G>BL$ ) RETELL+4 ,! PEOPLE  
>E CONSI/5TLY REF]R$ TO AS ,GO?S1 BUT ?IS SEEMS TO HAVE BECOME A G5]IC T]M1 S9CE ! ,TEUTONES :O 9VAD$ ,ITALY 9 #ai ,B,C HAVE ALSO BECOME ',GO?S'1 
SO ?AT ! ACTUAL ID5TITY ( ! TRIBE IS LEFT VAGUE4 ,! H]O1 ,?IODOLF1 REMEMB]S KILL+ ?REE ,HUNNI% K+S 9 BATTLE1 YET ! /ORY IS CLE>LY SET  
LONG BE=E ! >RIVAL ( ! ,HUNS 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 AT A TIME :5 !  
,ROMANS W]E ONLY BEG9N+ TO 

444 /AY ! SPREAD+ ( !IR DOM9ION1 OR EV5 TO DRAW 9 ITS B\ND>IES SOME:AT4 

,JU/ AS IMPORTANTLY ?IS DEVICE ALL[S ,MORRIS TO 9T]TW9E A MY?ICAL ELEM5T 
) ! /ORY4 ,?IODOLF'S LOV] IS NOT HUMAN1 BUT ONE ( ! ,VALA1 :O HAS 
GIV5 UP H] IMMORTALITY = LOVE4 ,AFRAID ?AT HE MAY DIE 9 BATTLE %E 
TRIES TO SAVE HIS LIFE ) A DW>FI% COAT ( MAIL4 ,! COAT ( MAIL IS 
MAGIC2 BUT IT IS ALSO CURS$1 & IT IS ONLY T[>DS ! 5D ( ! /ORY ?AT ,?IODOLF FULLY UND]/&S ?AT IT CAN ONLY SAVE HIS LIFE AT ! CO/ ( BETRAY+ O!RS3 

  

,?IS MAIL IS = ! RANSOM ( A MAN & ! RU9 ( A FOLK 

,& 9 ?IS SOCIETY1 IF ! FOLK IS RU9$ ! 9DIVIDUAL IS ALSO RU9$4 

,?US ! FANTASY ELEM5T ( ! NOVEL IS ABSORB$ BACK 9TO ! C5T] 
( ! DESCRIPTION ( ! SOCIETY ITSELF3 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIETY >E SO 
CLOSELY L9K$ ?AT AN >TIFICAL SEP>ATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL'S 9T]E/S  
FROM ?OSE ( SOCIETY DAMAGES BO?4 ,EV5 AS MA/]S1 ! ,ROMANS :O >E 
LIKE 'CURS FALL5 AWAY FROM K9D' HAVE LO/ SOME?+ PRECI\S ?AT 
,MORRIS SAW 9 ?IS SIMPLE SOCIETY & HOP$ W\LD BE POSSIBLE AGA9 9 ! FUTURE4 

     

      ,9TRODUCTION BY ,GRAHAM ,SEAMAN1 #b#e? ,FEBRU>Y #b#c4 ,X,H,T,M,L V]SION CREAT$ BY ,GRAHAM ,SEAMAN1 D]IV$ FROM ! TEXT FILE PREP>$ = ,PROJECT ,GUT5B]G FROM ! #aid ,LONGMANS1 ,GRE51 & ,CO4 $ITION BY ,DAVID ,PRICE4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b#c1 #bba 3 ,9TRODUCTION -- ,ADD$4 

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