,! ,HI/ORY ( ,PATT]N-,DESIGN+ 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

      ,TO GIVE ANY?+ LIKE A HI/ORY ( ! >T ( PATT]N-DESIGN+ W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE 
      )9 ! LIMITS ( ONE LECTURE1 = IT W\LD BE DO+ NO LESS ?AN ATTEMPT+ TO 
      TELL ! :OLE /ORY ( >*ITECTURAL OR POPUL> >T1 A VA/ & MO/ IMPORTANT 
      SUBJECT4 ,ALL ,I CAN PRET5D TO DO AT PRES5T IS TO CALL Y\R ATT5TION TO C]TA9 
      ?+S ,I HAVE NOTIC$ 9 /UDY+ ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! >T ( PATT]N-DESIGN+ 
      FROM ANCI5T TIMES TO MOD]N1 & TO H9T AT C]TA9 PR9CIPLES ?AT HAVE SEEM$ TO 
      ME TO LIE AT ! BOTTOM ( ! PRACTICE ( ?AT >T1 & C]TA9 T5D5CIES :I* 
      ITS LONG C\RSE HAS HAD4 ,EV5 9 DO+ ?IS ,I KN[ ,I %ALL HAVE TO T\* ON 
      DIFFICULT MATT]S & TAKE SOME FACTS = GRANT$ ?AT MAY BE1 & HAVE BE51 MU* 
      DISPUT$2 & ,I MU/1 !RE=E1 EV5 TREAT+ ! SUBJECT ?US1 CLAIM Y\R 
      9DULG5CE = A NECESS>Y CURTNESS & 9COMPLET5ESS4 
     
     

      ,I HAVE JU/ US$ ! WORD MOD]N2 SO TO CLE> ! GR\ND = :AT FOLL[S1 ,I WILL 
      SAY ?AT BY MOD]N >T ,I DO NOT MEAN ! >T ( ! ,VICTORIAN ]A4 ,I NE$ NOT SPEAK 
      ( ! >T ( \R [N DAY1 BECAUSE1 ON ! ONE H&1 :ATEV] !RE IS ( IT ?AT 
      IS WOR? CONSID]+ IS ECLECTIC1 & IS NOT B\ND BY ! *A9 ( TRADITION TO 
      ANY?+ ?AT HAS GONE BE=E US2 &1 ON ! O!R H&1 :ATEV] ( >T IS LEFT 
      :I* IS 9 ANY S5SE ! RESULT ( CONT9U\S TRADITION IS1 & LONG HAS BE51 SO 
      DEGRAD$ AS TO HAVE LO/ ANY CLAIM TO BE CONSID]$ AS >T AT ALL4 ,! PRES5T 
      C5TURY HAS NO S*OOL ( >T BUT SU* AS EA* MAN ( TAL5T OR G5IUS MAKES = 
      HIMSELF TO S]VE HIS CRAV+ = ! EXPRESSION ( HIS ?\<T :ILE HE IS ALIVE1 
      & TO P]I% ) HIS DEA?4 ,! TWO PREC$+ C5TURIES HAD 9DE$ /YLES1 :I* 
      DOM9AT$ ! PRACTICE ( >T1 & ALL[$ IT TO SPREAD MORE OR LESS WIDELY OV] 
      ! CIVILIZ$ WORLD2 BUT ?OSE /YLES W]E NOT ALIVE & PROGRESSIVE1 9 SPITE ( 
      ! FEEL+ ( SELF-SUFFICI5CY ) :I* !Y W]E LOOK$ ON BY ! >TI/S ( 
      ?OSE DAYS4 ,:5 ! GREAT MA/]S ( ! ,R5AISSANCE W]E GONE1 !Y :O1 /RUNG 
      BY ! DESIRE ( DO+ SOME?+ NEW1 TURN$ !IR MI<TY H&S TO ! WORK ( 
      DE/ROY+ ! LA/ REMA9S ( LIV+ POPUL> >T1 PUTT+ 9 ITS PLACE = A :ILE 
      ! RESULTS ( !IR [N WOND]FUL 9DIVIDUALITY3 :5 !SE GREAT M5 W]E DEAD1 
      & LESS] M5 ( ! ORD9>Y TYPE W]E MASQU]AD+ 9 !IR G>M5TS1 !N AT 
      LA/ IT WAS SE5 :AT ! SO-CALL$ NEW BIR? REALLY WAS2 !N WE C\LD SEE ?AT IT 
      WAS ! FEV] ( ! /RONG MAN YE>N+ TO ACCOMPLI% SOME?+ BE=E HIS DEA?1 
      NOT ! SIMPLE HOPE ( ! *ILD1 :O HAS LONG YE>S ( LIFE & GR[? BE=E HIM4 
      ,N[ ! >T1 :OSE SICKNESS ?IS FEV]I% 5]GY M>K$1 IS ! >T :I* ,I %\LD 
      CALL MOD]N >T4 ,ITS V]Y FIR/ ROOTS W]E SPREAD+ :5 ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE WAS 
      T5D+ T[>DS DISRUPTION2 ITS LA/ HEAVILY FRUIT$ BRAN*ES W]E AL(T 9 AIR 
      :5 FEUDAL ,EUROPE FIR/ FELT %AK5 BY ! COM+ /ORM ( REVOLUTION 9 ,*UR* 
      & ,/ATE1 & ! CR[N ( ! NEW ,HOLY ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE WAS ON ! EVE ( *ANG+ 
      FROM GOLD TO T9SEL4 ,?REE GREAT BUILD+S M>K ITS FIR/ FEEBLE BEG9N+1 ITS 
      VIGOR\S E>LY LIFE1 ITS LA/ HID+ AWAY B5EA? ! RUBBI% HEAPS ( P$ANTRY & 
      HOPELESSNESS4 ,I V5TURE TO CALL ?OSE ?REE BUILD+S 9 !IR PRES5T /ATE1 ! 
      FIR/ ! /RANGE/1 ! SECOND ! MO/ BEAUTIFUL1 ! ?IRD ! UGLIE/ ( ! 
      BUILD+S RAIS$ 9 ,EUROPE BE=E ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,! FIR/ ( !SE IS ! 
      ,PALACE ( ,DIOCLETIAN AT ,SPALATO2 ! SECOND1 ! ,*UR* ( ,/ ,SOPHIA AT 
      ,CON/ANT9OPLE2 ! ?IRD1 ! ,*UR* ( ,/ ,PET] AT ,ROME4 
     
     

      ,AT ,SPALATO ! MOVEM5T ( NEW LIFE WAS FIR/ FELT4 ,!RE IS MU* AB\T ! 
      BUILD+ ?AT IS D[NRI<T UGLY1 /ILL MORE ?AT IS BUT A MASS ( WORN-\T 
      TRADITION2 BUT !RE FIR/1 AS F> AS WE KN[1 IS VISIBLE ! ATTEMPT TO ?R[ (F 
      ! SWA?+S ( ILL-UND]/OOD ,GREEK >T1 ) :I* ,ROMAN >*ITECTURE HAD 
      5CUMB]$ ITSELF1 & TO MAKE ?AT >*ITECTURE REASONABLE1 & CONSI/5T ) 
      ! LIV+ PR9CIPLES ( >T4 ,BUT AT ,SPALATO1 ?\< ! >T WAS TRY+ TO BE 
      ALIVE1 IT WAS SC>CELY ALIVE1 & :AT LIFE IS 9 IT IS %[N 9 ITS CON/RUCTION 
      ONLY1 & NOT 9 ITS ORNAM5TATION4 ,\R SECOND BUILD+1 ,/ ,SOPHIA1 E>LY AS IT IS 
      9 ! HI/ORY ( ! >T1 HAS UTT]LY ?R[N ASIDE ALL P$ANTIC 5CUMBRANCES1 & 
      IS MO/ VIGOR\SLY ALIVE4 ,IT HAS GA!R$ TO ITSELF ALL ?OSE ELEM5TS ( *ANGE 
      :I*1 HAV+ BE5 KEPT AP>T = SO LONG1 W]E AT LA/ M+L$ & SEE?+1 & 
      BR++ AB\T SO MANY *ANGES1 SO MU* ( DEA? & LIFE4 ,IT IS NOT B\ND BY ! 
      PA/1 BUT IT HAS G>N]$ ALL ?AT !RE WAS 9 IT :I* WAS FIT TO LIVE & 
      PRODUCE FRE% LIFE2 IT IS ! LIV+ *ILD & ! FRUITFUL MO!R ( >T1 PA/ & 
      FUTURE4 ,?AT1 EV5 MORE ?AN ! LOVEL9ESS :I* IT DREW =? FROM ITS [N 
      PRES5T1 IS :AT MAKES IT ! CR[N ( ALL ! GREAT BUILD+S ( ! WORLD4 
     
     

      ,! NEW-BORN >T WAS LONG 9 COM+ TO ?IS4 ,SPALATO WAS BUILT AB\T #cac ,A4,D41 ,/ 
      ,SOPHIA 9 #e#c4 ,MORE ?AN TWO HUNDR$ YE>S >E BETWE5 !M1 BY NO MEANS F]TILE ( 
      BEAUTIFUL OR REM>KABLE BUILD+S2 BUT ,/ ,SOPHIA ONCE BUILT1 ! E>? BEGAN TO 
      BLOSSOM ) BEAUTIFUL BUILD+S1 & ! ?\S& YE>S ?AT LIE BETWE5 ! DATE 
      ( ,/ ,SOPHIA & ! DATE ( ,/ ,PET] AT ,ROME MAY WELL BE CALL$ ! BUILD+ AGE 
      ( ! WORLD4 ,BUT :5 ?OSE YE>S W]E OV]1 9 ,ITALY AT LEA/1 ! *ANGE WAS 
      FULLY COME2 &1 AS A SYMBOL ( ?AT *ANGE1 !RE /OOD ON ! SITE ( ! GREAT 
      MASS ( HI/ORY & >T :I* WAS ONCE CALL$ ! ,BASILICA ( ,/ ,PET]1 ! NEW 
      ,*UR* ( ,/ ,PET] :I* /ILL CURSES ! MI<TIE/ CITY ( ! WORLD2 ! V]Y 
      TYPE1 IT SEEMS TO ME1 ( PRIDE & TYRANNY1 ( ALL ?AT CRU%ES \T ! LOVE ( >T 
      9 SIMPLE PEOPLE1 & MAKES >T A TOY ( LITTLE E/IMATION = ! IDLE H\RS ( 
      ! RI* & CULTIVAT$4 ,BETWE5 ?AT TIME & ?IS1 >T HAS BE5 %UT UP 9 
      PRISON2 ALL ,I CAN SAY ( IT 9 ?AT CONDITION IS ?AT ,I HOPE IT HAS NOT DI$ !RE4 
      ,WE CAN DRAW NO LESSON FROM ITS PRISON DAYS SAVE A SPURR+ ON TO :ATSOEV] ( HOPE 
      & 9DIGNANT AGITATION = ITS RELEASE WE MAY EA* ( US BE CAPABLE (4 ,AS AN 
      EPO* ( >T IT CAN TEA* US NO?+2 SO ! NE>E/ POSSIBLE P]IOD TO \R [N 
      DAYS MU/ /& = MOD]N >T2 & TO MY M9D ?AT IS ! P]IOD BETWE5 ! DAYS 
      ( ! ,EMP]OR ,JU/9IAN & ! ,EMP]OR ,*>LES ! ,FIF?2 :ILE WE MU/ CALL 
      ANCI5T >T ALL ! LONG P]IOD FROM ! BEG9N+ ( ?+S TO ! TIME ( 
      ,JU/9IAN & ,/ ,SOPHIA ( ,CON/ANT9OPLE4 
     
     

      ,& N[ ,I WILL SET AB\T MY BUS9ESS ( NOT+ C]TA9 ?+S :I* HAVE HAPP5$ 
      TO ! V]Y SUBORD9ATE >T ( PATT]N-DESIGN+ 9 ITS V>I\S *ANGES1 FROM ?OSE 
      E>LIE/ DAYS TILL ! TIME :5 IT WAS L&$ AMID ?AT RI* & V>I$ TIME ( 
      MOD]N >T A=EM5TION$4 ,LET US CONSID] :AT PLACE IT HELD AMONG ! ANCI5T 
      PEOPLES1 CLASSICAL & B>B>IAN2 Y\ WILL UND]/& :AT ,I MEAN BY ?OSE WORDS 
      )\T PRESS+ HOME !IR LIT]AL MEAN+S4 ,BROADLY SPEAK+1 ONE MAY SAY ?AT 
      ! USE ( ?IS SUBORD9ATE1 BUT BY NO MEANS UNIMPORTANT >T IS TO 5LIV5 ) 
      BEAUTY & 9CID5T :AT W\LD O!RWISE BE A BLANK SPACE1 :]ESOEV] OR 
      :ATSOEV] IT MAY BE4 ,! ABSOLUTE NECESSITIES ( ! >T >E BEAUTY ( COLOR & 
      RE/FULNESS ( =M4 ,MORE DEF9ITE QUALITIES ?AN !SE IT NE$ NOT HAVE4 ,ITS 
      COLOR MAY BE BR\<T AB\T BY ! SIMPLE/ COMB9ATIONS2 ITS =M MAY BE M]ELY 
      ?AT ( AB/RACT L9ES OR SPACES1 & NE$ NOT ( NECESSITY HAVE ANY DI/9CT 
      MEAN+1 OR TELL ANY /ORY EXPRESSIBLE 9 WORDS4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IT IS NECESS>Y 
      TO ! PURITY ( ! >T ?AT ITS =M & COLOR1 :5 !SE BE> ANY RELATION TO 
      ! FACTS ( NATURE 7AS = ! MORE P>T !Y DO71 %\LD BE SUGGE/IVE ( SU* 
      FACTS1 & NOT DESCRIPTIVE ( !M4 
     
     

      ,N[ ALL ! >T ( ! ANCI5T HI/ORICAL WORLD IS 9 A WAY ONE1 & HAS SIMIL> 
      & SYMPA!TIC ?\<TS TO EXPRESS4 ,I MEAN ?AT !RE IS A MU* WID] GULF BETWE5 
      ! IDEAS ( ?AT P>T ( ANCI5T >T :I* COMES NE>E/ 9 ?\<T TO MOD]N1 
      ?AN !RE IS BETWE5 ANY TWO P>TS ( ANCI5T >T ?AT >E FUR!/ FROM ONE 
      ANO!R4 ,NEV]!LESS !RE >E WIDE DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! >T ( ! DIFF]5T 
      RACES ( ! ANCI5T WORLD4 ,ANCI5T >T1 9 FACT1 FALLS NATURALLY 9TO TWO 
      DIVISIONS2 ! FIR/ IS >*AIC1 9 /YLE AT LEA/1 IF NOT ALWAYS 9 DATE4 ,IT IS 
      MO/LY PRIE/LY & SYMBOLIC2 LACK+1 WILL+LY OR NOT1 ! P[] ( EXPRESS+ 
      NATURAL FACTS DEF9ITELY & ACCURATELY4 ,IT IS MY/IC1 WILD1 & ELEVAT$ 9 ITS 
      SPIRITUAL P>T1 ITS S\L2 LIMIT$1 9COMPLETE1 (T5 GROTESQUE 9 ITS =M1 ITS 
      BODILY P>T4 ,! O!R ANCI5T >T IS ONLY PRIE/LY & SYMBOLIC ACCID5TALLY1 & 
      NOT ESS5TIALLY4 ,I MEAN ?AT1 S9CE ?IS PRIE/LY SYMBOLISM CLUNG TO IT1 IT DID NOT 
      TAKE ! TR\BLE TO CA/ IT (F1 BUT US$ IT & EXPRESS$ IT2 BUT W\LD AS 
      WILL+LY & EASILY HAVE EXPRESS$ PURELY 9TELLECTUAL OR MORAL IDEAS4 
      ,FUR!RMORE1 IT IS AN >T ( P]FECTION2 IT HAS P]FECTLY ATTA9$ ! P[] ( 
      EXPRESS+ :AT ?\<TS IT ALL[S ITSELF1 & WILL NEV] =EGO ANY :IT ( ?AT 
      P[]1 OR TOL]ATE ANY WEAKNESS OR %ORTCOM+ 9 IT4 ,:ATEV] ITS S\L MAY BE1 ITS 
      BODY AT LEA/ IT WILL NOT HAVE 9COMPLETE4 
     
     

      ,( ! FIR/ ( !SE >TS1 ANCI5T ,EGYPT IS ! REPRES5TATIVE2 ( ! SECOND1 
      CLASSICAL ,GREECE2 & WE MU/ ADMIT ?AT 9 EA* ( !SE SY/EMS ! >T ( M]E 
      PATT]N-DESIGN+ TAKES BUT AN UNIMPORTANT PLACE4 ,9 ,EGYPTIAN >T1 & ! S*OOL 
      :I* IT REPRES5TS1 ! PICTURE-WORK ITSELF WAS SO LIMIT$ BY RULE1 SO 5TIRELY 
      SUGGE/IVE ONLY1 ?AT A C]TA9 CANON ( PROPORTION HAV+ BE5 ONCE 9V5T$ & 
      E/ABLI%$1 IT WAS EASY & EF=TLESS WORK = A PEOPLE :O W]E FULL ( FEEL+ 
      = QUIET BEAUTY2 &1 MOREOV]1 SUGGE/ION1 NOT IMITATION1 BE+ ! 5D AIM$ AT1 
      ! PICTURE-WORK EASILY1 & )\T /RA9+1 FULFILL$ ANY (FICE ( DECORATION 
      IT WAS PUT TO2 SO ?AT ! /ORY :I* WAS NECESS>Y TO BE TOLD ON RELIGI\S OR 
      PUBLIC GR\NDS BECAME ! V]Y ORNAM5T :I*1 M]ELY AS A MATT] ( PLEASANT 
      COLOR & L9E1 ! EYE W\LD MO/ DESIRE4 ,9 MORE MOD]N & LESS =BE>+ >T 
      ! PICTUR$ WALL IS APT TO BECOME A W9D[ ?R\< :I* A MAN QUIETLY AT WORK OR 
      RE/+ LOOKS ON SOME GREAT TRAG$Y1 SOME SAD MEMORY ( ! PA/1 OR T]RIBLE 
      ?REAT = ! FUTURE4 ,! CON/ANT COMPANION%IP ( SU* DEEPLY EMOTIONAL 
      REPRES5TATIONS >E TOO APT TO TR\BLE US AT FIR/1 & AT LA/ TO MAKE US CALL\S1 
      BECAUSE !Y >E ALWAYS CLAIM+ \R ATT5TION1 :E!R WE >E 9 A MOOD TO BE 
      /IRR$ BY !M OR NOT4 ,BUT 9 ! OLD] & MORE SUGGE/IVE >T ! GREAT 
      SUBJECTS1 SYMBOLIZ$ RA!R ?AN REPRES5T$ BY ITS PICTURES1 ONLY REA*$ ! M9D 
      ?R\< ! EYE :5 ! M9D WAS AWAKE & READY TO RECEIVE !M4 ,! WALL WAS A 
      WALL /ILL1 & NOT A W9D[2 NAY1 A BOOK RA!R1 :]E1 IT Y\ W\LD1 Y\ MI<T 
      READ ! /ORIES ( ! GODS & H]OES1 & :OSE *>ACT]S1 :E!R Y\ READ 
      !M OR NOT1 DELI<T$ Y\ ALWAYS ) ! BEAUTY ( !IR =M & COLOR4 
      ,MOREOV]1 ! EXPRESSION ( !SE GREAT ?+S BE+ SO WELL UND]/OOD & SO 
      LIMIT$1 IT WAS NOT ABOVE ! P[]S ( EXECUTION ( NUMB]S ( AV]AGE WORKM51 
      & !RE WAS NO DANG] ( ! HOLY & ELEVAT+ SUBJECTS BE+ TREAT$ ABSURDLY 
      OR /UPIDLY1 SO AS TO W\ND ! FEEL+S ( S]I\S M54 
     
     

      ,= ALL !SE REASONS !RE IS 9 ! >*AIC OR SUGGE/IVE >T ( ! ANCI5TS 
      SC>CE ANY PLACE = ! ELABORATE PATT]N-DESIGN+ :I* 9 LAT] TIMES M5 W]E 
      DRIV5 MORE OR LESS TO PUT 9 ! PLACE ( PICTURE-WORK1 N[ BECOME MORE LIABLE TO 
      RIDICUL\S & IGNOBLE FAILURE1 MORE EXCIT+ TO ! EMOTIONS1 LESS RE/FUL1 & 
      !RE=E LESS BEAUTIFUL ?AN IT HAD BE54 
     
     

      ,ON ! O!R H&1 9 ! P]FECT >T ( ,GREECE ! T5D5CY WAS SO DECID$LY 
      T[>DS FACT ( ALL K9DS1 ?AT IT C\LD ONLY GIVE A V]Y L[ PLACE TO ORNAM5T 
      ?AT HAD NOT A QUITE DEF9ITE MEAN+2 & ITS DEM& = P]FECTION 9 QUALITY ( 
      WORKMAN%IP DEPRIV$ EF=T ( ALL HOPE ( REW>D 9 ?IS L[] REGION ( >T1 & 
      CRU%$ ALL EXP]IM5T1 ALL 9V5TION & IMAG9ATION4 ,9 %ORT1 ?IS P]FECT >T 
      PREF]R$ BLANKNESS TO ! RI*NESS ?AT MI<T BE GIV5 BY ! WORK ( AN UNREF9$ 
      OR IMP]FECTLY TAU<T H&1 :ATEV] SUGGE/IONS ( BEAUTY OR ?\<T MI<T BE 9 
      IT2 !RE=E1 AS 9 ! >T ( ,EGYPT PICTURE-WORK WAS NOT ?\<T TOO GOOD TO FILL 
      ! PLACE ( ! ELABORATE PATT]N-WORK WE >E ?9K+ (1 SO 9 ?AT ( ,GREECE 
      M]E EMPT9ESS WAS GOOD 5\< = ! PURPOSE2 SO ?AT 9 BO? CASES !RE WAS NO 
      ROOM = F9I%$ & COMPLETE PATT]N-DESIGN+2 NOR WAS !RE 9 ANY ( ! 
      S*OOLS ( ANCI5T >T1 ALL ( :I*1 AS A=ESAID1 T5D$ EI!R TO ! ,GREEK OR 
      ! ,EGYPTIAN WAY ( LOOK+ AT ?+S4 ,SO Y\ SEE WE >E MET BY ?IS DIFFICULTY 9 
      ! \TSET1 ?AT WI%+ TO SEE :5CE \R >T ( PATT]N-DESIGN+ HAS BE5 
      DEVELOP$ 9 ! ,ANCI5T ,WORLD1 WE F9D BUT LITTLE ( ANY IMPORTANCE ?AT LOOKS 
      LIKE ! SE$ ( IT4 ,H[EV]1 LET US LOOK AT ! MATT] A LITTLE CLOS]1 BEG9N+ 
      ) ! >T ( ,EGYPT4 ,IF IT HAD NO PLACE = ! ELABORATE & IMAG9ATIVE 
      PATT]N-DESIGNS ( MOD]N >T1 AT ANY RATE IT BY NO MEANS LOV$ BLANK SPACES4 ,AP>T 
      FROM ! HI/ORIES & ! PICTURE-WRIT+ :I* SO (T5 COV] WALLS1 PILL>S1 & 
      ALL1 EV5 SMALL] ?+S1 K+S' ROBES4 MUSICAL 9/RUM5TS1 %IP-SAILS1 & ! 
      LIKE1 >E /RIP$ & DIAP]$ ) V>IETY 5\< & ) ABUNDANT FANCY1 
      9V5TION & DELICACY4 ,MANY ( !SE PATT]NS >E FAMILI> TO MOD]N >T2 BUT TO 
      :AT EXT5T !Y [E !IR PRES5CE !RE TO ! 9FLU5CE ( ,EGYPT ,I DO NOT KN[1 
      BUT RA!R SUPPOSE ?AT !Y >E ! RESULT ( M5'S 9V5TION TAK+ ! SAME PA? 
      9 DIV]SE TIMES & PLACES1 & NOT ( DIRECT TRANSMISSION2 & ?IS ALL ! MORE 
      AS ,I CANNOT SEE ?AT ,GREEK PATT]N-DESIGNS FOLL[ ! ,EGYPTIAN WORK CLOSELY4 ,ONE 
      ?+ C]TA9LY /RIKES ONE AB\T MANY ( !SE E>LY DESIGNS ( ,EGYPT :I* DOES 
      CONNECT !M ) :AT FOLL[S1 & ?AT IS ?AT !Y SEEM DI/9CTLY NOT ONLY 
      ,EA/]N1 BUT EV5 ,AFRICAN4 ,TAKE AS AN 9DICATION ( ?IS !IR LOVE = /RIPES & 
      *ECK]S1 ?AT LOOK AS IF !Y W]E BORR[$ FROM ! MAT-MAK]'S CRAFT1 & 
      COMP>E !M ) ! WORK ( ,AFRICAN TRIBES & PEOPLE1 SO LATE AS UP TO \R [N 
      TIME4 ,! ,EGYPTIAN LOVE ( COLOR IS ALSO ( ! ,EA/1 & !IR BOLDNESS 9 ! 
      USE ( IT1 & ! EASE & SUCCESS ) :I* !Y PUT ONE BRI<T T9T BESIDE 
      ANO!R )\T %AD+ OR GRADATION4 ,ON ?IS PO9T IT IS 9T]E/+ TO NOTE ?AT 
      :ATEV] WILLFUL %ORTCOM+S CLUNG TO ANCI5T ,EGYPT 9 ITS DEAL+S ) ! HI<] 
      =MS ( >T1 ITS SKILL 9 ALL H&ICRAFTS WAS A WOND] & A LESSON TO ! ANCI5T 
      WORLD4 ,F\RTE5 HUNDR$ YE>S BE=E ,*RI/ !Y UND]/OOD P]FECTLY :AT MAY 
      FAIRLY BE CALL$ ! MY/]IES ( FIGURE-WEAV+ & DYE+1 EV5 ! MORE AB/RUSE 
      P>T ( ! LA/ CRAFT1 :I* IS N[ REPRES5T$ BY *9TZ-PR9T+2 !Y W]E 
      SKILL$ 9 GLASS-MAK+ & POTT]Y1 NOT M]ELY 9 ! ALWAYS E>LY-ACQUIR$ >T ( 
      MAK+ A VESSEL ?AT %ALL HOLD WAT]1 BUT 9 ?AT ( E>!NW>E GLAZ$ ) AN 
      OPAQUE GLAZE V>I\SLY COLOR$ & FIGUR$2 & LA/LY1 !Y W]E AS SKILLFUL 
      JO9]S & CAB9ETMAK]S AS !IR SUCCESSORS ( MOD]N ,EGYPT1 :O >E 7OR W]E7 SO 
      CLEV] 9 MAK+ ! MO/ ( ! LITTLE SCRAPS ( WOOD :I* AN UNTIMB]$ C\NTRY 
      AF=DS !M4 
     
     

      ,) ALL ?IS1 & /RANGE AS IT MAY SEEM1 ,I CANNOT SEE ?AT ?IS WOND]FUL >T 
      :I* LA/$ SO MANY HUNDR$ YE>S1 :I* HAD REA*$ ITS BLOSSOM+-TIME F\RTE5 
      HUNDR$ YE>S BE=E ,*RI/1 & WAS /ILL 9 USE 9 ! SECOND C5TURY AFT]1 HAS 
      HAD MU* DIRECT OR LA/+ 9FLU5CE ON ! MOD]N PATT]N-DESIGN]'S >T4 
      ,D\BTLESS !SE FL[]S H]E LOOK AS IF !Y MI<T HAVE BE5 ! PROTOTYPES ( MANY 
      ?AT W]E DRAWN 9 ! F\RTE5? C5TURY ( \R ]A2 BUT Y\ MU/ REMEMB] ?AT1 
      ?\< !Y >E CONV5TIONAL & /IFFLY DRAWN1 !Y >E P>TS ( A PICTURE1 & 
      /& = ! ASS]TION ?AT FL[]S GREW 9 SU* & SU* A PLACE4 ,!Y >E NOT 
      US$ 9 M]E FANCY & SPORTIV5ESS2 :I* CONDITION ( >T 9DE$1 AS ,I SAID 
      BE=E1 WILL BE F\ND TO BE COMMON TO ALL !SE PRIMITIVE >*AIC /YLES4 ,SC>CE 
      ANY?+ IS DRAWN :I* IS NOT MEANT TO TELL A DEF9ITE /ORY2 SO ?AT MANY ( ! 
      MEMB]S ( ! ELABORATE ,EGYPTIAN DIAP]S >E SYMBOLS ( ! MY/]IES ( NATURE 
      & RELIGION2 AS1 = EXAMPLE1 ! LOTUS1 ! SC>AB1 ! W+$ ORB1 ! HOOD$ 
      & W+$ S]P5T4 
     
     

      ,I SUPPOSE ?AT !RE IS NO D\BT ?AT ! GIGANTIC & AWFUL TEMPLES ( ,EGYPT >E 
      ! E>LIE/ COLUMN> BUILD+S ( :I* ! WORLD KN[S2 NEV]!LESS1 ,I CANNOT 
      ?9K ?AT ! COLUMN> ,GREEK TEMPLE WAS D]IV$ FROM !M1 :ATEV] ( DETAIL ! 
      ,GREEKS BORR[$ FRANKLY & OBVI\SLY FROM !M4 ,! 5ORM\S & T]RIBLE SCALE ON 
      :I* !Y >E DESIGN$1 & ESPECIALLY ! BATT]+ 9 ( WALLS & DOOR-JAMBS1 
      :I* ADDS SU* GLOOM TO !SE PRIMEVAL BUILD+S1 SURELY %[S ?AT ONE AT LEA/1 
      & ?AT ! MO/ V5]AT$1 ( ! TYPES ( ! ,EGYPTIAN TEMPLE WAS A CAVE1 & 
      ?AT !IR PILL>S >E ! MASSES LEFT TO SUPPORT ! HUGE WEI<T ( ! HILLSIDE2 
      :ILE1 ON ! O!R H&1 IT IS NOT EASY TO D\BT ?AT TIMB]-BUILD+ WAS ! 
      ORIG9 ( ! ,GREEK TEMPLE4 ,! ,GREEK PILL> WAS A WOOD5 PO/1 ITS L9TEL A TIMB] 
      BEAM1 & ! :OLE BUILD+ A HOLY MEMORY ( ! E>LI] DAYS ( ! RACE & ! 
      LITTLE WOOD5 HALL ?AT H\S$ ! GREAT M5 & GODS ( ! TRIBE4 ,NEV]!LESS1 
      ! TWO =MS ( CAPITAL :I* HAVE GONE R\ND ! WORLD1 ! CU%ION OR LOTUS-BUD 
      =M1 & ! BELL-%AP$ OR OP5-LILY =M1 >E C]TA9LY ! =MS ( ,EGYPTIAN 
      CAPITALS1 NOR HAS ANY O!R RADICAL =M BE5 9V5T$ 9 >*ITECTURE1 OR P]HAPS 
      CAN BE4 ,:E!R !SE HAVE BE5 TAK5 CONSCI\SLY OR UNCONSCI\SLY FROM ! FIR/ 
      F9I%$ >T ( ! WORLD :O CAN AFFIRM OR D5Y8 
     
     

      ,N[ BE=E WE V5TURE TO 9SULT ! >I/OCRATICALLY P]FECT >T ( ,P]ICLEAN 
      ,GREECE BY MAK+ AN IMPORTANT MATT] ( :AT IT DESPIS$1 & TRY+ TO CONNECT ! 
      WORK ( ITS HEW]S ( WOOD & DRAW]S ( WAT] ) ! CRAFTS ( MOD]N ,EUROPE1 
      LET US LOOK A LITTLE 9TO ! >T ( ANO!R RIV]-VALLEY1 ! L& BETWE5 ,TIGRIS 
      & ,EUPHRATES4 ,?IS >T IS IMPORTANT 5\< TO \R IMM$IATE SUBJECT1 QUITE AP>T 
      FROM ! WOND]FUL HI/ORICAL 9T]E/ ( ! GREAT EMPIRES ?AT RUL$ !RE2 BUT 
      !RE >E LEFT NO SU* RI*ES ( ANTIQUITY TO HELP US AS 9 ,EGYPT4 ,( ,BABYLON1 :O 
      WAS ! MO!R ( ! >TS ( ?OSE REGIONS1 !RE IS BUT LITTLE LEFT1 & ?AT 
      LITTLE NOT ( ! >T 9 :I* %E MO/ EXCELL$4 ,:AT IS LEFT1 JO9$ TO ! 
      D]IV$ >T ( ,ASSYRIA1 :I* IS ALMO/ ALL ?AT REPRES5TS ! E>LI] ,BABYLONIAN 
      >T1 SEEMS TO %[ US ?AT IF MORE YET HAD SURVIV$ WE MI<T BE NE>] TO SOLV+ 
      ! QUE/ION ( ! ORIG9 ( A GREAT P>T ( \R PATT]N-DESIGNS2 & ?IS ALL ! 
      MORE AS COLOR WAS AN ESS5TIAL ( ITS MA/]->T4 ,! ,BABYLONIANS BUILT 9 BRICK 
      7SUNBURNT MU* ( IT71 & ORNAM5T$ !IR WALL-SPACES ) PA9T$ POTT]Y1 :I* 
      7TAK+ ! :OLE /ORY 9TO CONSID]ATION7 MU/ SURELY HAVE BE5 ! S\RCE FROM 
      :I* FL[$ ALL ! >T ( POTT]Y ( ,P]SIA1 & ! K9DR$ OR NEI<BOR L&S 
      ( ! ,EA/4 ,FROM ! V]Y NATURE ( ?IS >T1 !RE >E BUT A FEW SCRAPS ( IT 
      LEFT1 AS ,I HAVE SAID1 & ,ASSYRIAN >T MU/ FILL ! GAP = US AS WELL AS IT CAN4 
      ,! GREAT SLABS ( ALABA/] ) :I* ?AT PEOPLE DECORAT$ ! PALACES RAIS$ ON 
      !IR M\NDS ( SUNBURNT BRICKS1 !SE ?+S ) :I* WE >E SO FAMILI>1 ?AT 
      WE >E ALMO/ LIKELY TO =GET ! WOND] ?AT LIES 9 !M1 TELL US )\T A 
      D\BT :AT ! TYPE ( ,MESOPOTAMIAN >T WAS4 ,IT HAD />T$1 LIKE ?AT ( ,EGYPT1 
      FROM ! >*AIC & PRIE/LY IDEA ( >T2 BUT1 9 ,ASSYRIAN DAYS AT LEA/1 HAD 
      GR[N LESS V5]ABLE & MORE REALI/IC1 LESS BEAUTIFUL ALSO1 &1 IF ONE MAY SAY 
      SO1 POSSESS$ BY A C]TA9 TRUCUL5CE BO? ( =M & SPIRIT1 :I* EXPRESSES WELL 
      5\< ! CEASELESS VIOL5CE & ROBB]Y :I* IS ALL ?AT WE HAVE RECORD$ ( ! 
      HI/ORY ( ,ASSYRIA4 ,ITS PATT]N-DESIGN+ TAKES A L[] PLACE ?AN ?AT ( ,EGYPT1 
      AS F> AS WE CAN JUDGE 9 ! ABS5CE OR DECAY ( :AT COLOR IT ONCE HAD4 ,ITS 
      SY/EM ( COLOR 7ONE MU/ NE$S JUDGE FROM ! FRAGM5TS REMA9+7 %[$ NO 
      GREAT LOVE = ?AT SIDE ( ! >T1 & WAS US$ RA!R TO HELP ! REALISM TO 
      :I* IT T5D$1 & :I*1 HAD IT LIV$ LONG]1 W\LD MO/ LIKELY HAVE DRIV5 IT 
      \T ( ! PA? ( MONUM5TAL & DECORATIVE >T4 ,NEV]!LESS1 BY /RANGE 
      ACCID5TS 9 ! C\RSE ( HI/ORY1 !RE >E SOME ( ! =MS ( ITS DECORATION 
      ?AT HAVE BE5 C>RI$ =W>D 9TO ! G5]AL MASS ( CIVILIZ$ >T4 ,A GREAT P>T 
      ( ITS PATT]NS1 9DE$1 W]E DIAP]S OR P[D]+S1 LIKE MU* ( ,EGYPTIAN WORK1 
      ONLY C>RI$ \T 9 A BOSSY1 R\ND$ K9D ( RELIEF1 *>ACT]I/IC 5\< ( ITS 
      G5]AL T5D5CIES4 ,!SE M9OR & NATURAL =MS DI$ \T ) ! ,ASSYRIAN 
      MON>*Y2 BUT SEV]AL ( ITS BORD]+S W]E BORR[$ BY ! ,GREEKS1 D\BTLESS 
      ?R\< ! ,ASIATIC TRAD]S1 :O ON !IR [N W>ES SEEM TO HAVE US$ BO? ,EGYPTIAN 
      & ,*ALDEAN MY?OLOGICAL FIGURES )\T UND]/&+ !IR MEAN+1 SIMPLY 
      BECAUSE !Y MADE PRETTY ORNAM5TS = A B[L OR A VASE4 ,AS AN EXAMPLE ( !SE 
      RUNN+ PATT]NS1 TAKE ! 9T]LACEM5T :I* WE N[ NICKNAME ! GUILLO*E1 OR 
      ! ORNAM5T CALL$ ! HONEYSUCKLE1 :I* ,I RA!R SUPPOSE TO BE A SUGGE/ION ( A 
      TUFT ( FL[]S & LEAVES BREAK+ ?R\< ! E>?1 & :I* LE>N$ M5 ?9K 
      HAD A MY/ICAL MEAN+ BEYOND ?AT SIMPLE IDEA1 LIKE ?AT O!R BORD]+1 :I*1 
      = WANT ( A BETT] NAME1 ,I MU/ CALL ! FL[] & P9E-CONE4 
     
     

      ,!RE IS ANO!R MY/ICAL ORNAM5T :I* WE FIR/ COME UPON 9 ,ASSYRIAN >T1 :I* 
      WE %ALL HAVE TO COME TO AGA91 BUT :I* ,I MU/ M5TION H]E1 & :I* HAS PLAY$ 
      A /RANGELY IMPORTANT P>T 9 ! HI/ORY ( PATT]N-DESIGN+2 ?IS IS ! ,HOLY 
      ,TREE ) ITS ATT5DANT GU>DIAN ANGELS OR DEMONS4 ,ALMO/ ALL ORIG9AL /YLES HAVE 
      US$ ?IS =M2 SOME1 D\BTLESS1 AS A RELIGI\S SYMBOL1 MO/ DRIV5 BY VAGUE 
      TRADITION & ALLUR$ BY ITS CONV5I5CE AS A DECORATIVE =M4 ,I %\LD CALL IT ! 
      MO/ IMPORTANT & WIDELY SPREAD PIECE ( ORNAM5T EV] 9V5T$4 
     
     

      ,AGA91 BE=E WE AFFRONT ! MAJE/Y ( ,PALLAS ,A!NE BY LOOK+ CURI\SLY AT H] 
      SLEEVE-HEM1 RA!R ?AN REV]5TLY AT H]SELF1 ,I MU/ SAY A WORD AB\T ! 
      CONQU]ORS ( ,ASSYRIA1 ! ,P]SIANS4 ,TO US PATT]N-DESIGN]S1 ,P]SIA HAS BECOME A 
      HOLY L&1 = !RE 9 ! PROCESS ( TIME \R >T WAS P]FECT$1 & !NCE ABOVE 
      ALL PLACES IT SPREAD TO COV] = A :ILE ! WORLD1 EA/ & WE/4 ,BUT 9 ! 
      HI]>*Y ( ANCI5T >T ! PLACE ( ,P]SIA IS NOT HI<2 ITS SCULPTURE WAS 
      BORR[$ DIRECTLY FROM ,ASSYRIAN & ,BABYLONIAN >T1 & HAS NOT ! LIFE & VIGOR 
      ( ITS PROTOTYPE2 ?\< SOME GA9 IT HAS ( >*ITECTURAL DIGNITY1 :I* ! ,>YAN 
      /OCK ( ! ,P]SIANS ACC\NTS =1 ,I ?9K4 ,/ILL MORE IS ?IS %[N 9 ! LEAP 
      ! ,P]SIANS TOOK 9 >*ITECTURE PROP]4 ,! PALACES ( ! ,ASSYRIAN K+S DO NOT 
      KN[1 OR DO NOT USE ! COLUMN2 !Y >E ONE & ALL A CONG]IES ( NOT V]Y L>GE 
      *AMB]S CONNECT$ BY DOORS V]Y ODDLY PLAC$4 ,H[ !Y W]E RO($ WE CAN NO 
      LONG] TELL2 PROBABLY ! SMALL] *AMB]S HAD SOME K9D ( DOME = A RO(1 & 
      ! L>G] NO RO(1 ONLY A SORT ( L$GE PROJECT+ FROM ! WALL4 ,! PALACE ( 
      ! ANCI5T ,P]SIANS1 ON ! O!R H&1 WAS FAIRLY MADE UP ( COLUMNS2 ! WALLS 
      C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 ( MU* IMPORTANCE2 ! :OLE ?+ IS AS A =E/ ( PILL>S 
      ?AT UPHOLDS ! CANOPY OV] ! SUMM]-SEAT ( ! GREAT K+4 ,= ! RE/1 
      ?\< ?IS IS ! WORK ( AN ,>YAN RACE1 ?AT RACE HAD F> TO GO & MU* TO 
      SUFF] BE=E !Y C\LD ATTA9 TO ! MEASUR$1 GRAVE1 & ORD]LY BEAUTY :I* 
      !Y ALONE ( ALL RACES HAVE LE>N$ TO CREATE1 BE=E !Y C\LD ATTA9 TO ! 
      DIV9E >T ( REASONABLE >*ITECTURE4 ,! MAJE/Y ( ! ANCI5T ,P]SIAN COLUMN> 
      BUILD+ IS M>R$ BY EXTRAVAGANCE & GROTESQU]Y ( DETAIL1 :I* MU/ BE CALL$ 
      UGL9ESS2 FAULTS :I* IT %>ES ) ! ANCI5T >*ITECTURE ( ,9DIA1 ( ! 
      E>LI] =M ( :I* IT MU/ HAVE BE5 AN (F%OOT4 
     
     

      ,WE HAVE ?US T\*$1 LI<TLY 5\<1 ON ! PR9CIPAL /YLES ( ! >*AIC TYPE 
      ( >T2 & HAVE SE5 ?AT \R CRAFT ( PATT]N-DESIGN+ WAS DEVELOP$ BUT SL[LY 
      AMONG !M1 & ?AT1 ) FEW EXCEPTIONS1 ITS =MS DID NOT TRAVEL V]Y F> ON ! 
      ROAD ( HI/ORY4 ,WE >E N[ COME TO ?AT P]IOD ( P]FECTION :I*1 AS IT W]E1 
      DRAWS A B> ( LI<T ACROSS ! HI/ORY ( >T1 & IS APT TO DAZZLE US & BL9D 
      US TO ALL ?AT LIES ON EI!R SIDE ( IT4 ,AS WE PASS FROM ! ,EGYPTIAN & ,ASSYRIAN 
      ROOMS AT ! ,BRITI% ,MUSEUM & COME UPON ! GREAT GR\PS ( ! ,P>!NON1 FULL 
      AS WE MAY BE ( ADMIRATION = ! NOBILITY ( ! ,EGYPTIAN MONUM5TS1 & ! 
      EAG] & /RUGGL+ REALISM ( ,ASSYRIA1 H[ \R WOND] RISES AS WE LOOK ON ! 
      P]FECTION ( SCULPTURE1 CUT (F AS IT SEEMS BY AN IMPASSABLE GULF FROM ALL ?AT 
      HAS GONE BE=E IT1 ! HOPELESS LIMITATIONS1 OR ! HOPELESS 5DEAVORS ( ! 
      GREAT MASS ( MANK9D6 ,NOR CAN WE HELP ASK+ \RSELVES ! QUE/ION IF >T CAN GO 
      ANY FUR!R1 OR :AT !RE IS TO DO AFT] SU* WORK4 ,9DE$ ! QUE/ION IS A H>D 
      ONE1 & AFT]TIMES ( >T1 & EV5 MANY CULTIVAT$ PEOPLE ( TO-DAY1 MAY BE 
      BLAM$ BUT LI<TLY IF !Y1 9 !IR HELPLESSNESS1 MU/ NE$S ANSW]3 ,!RE IS 
      NO?+ TO DO BUT TO IMITATE1 & AGA9 TO IMITATE1 & TO PICK UP :AT /YLE ! 
      GODS MAY GIVE US AMID \R IMITATION1 EV5 IF WE >E DRIV5 TO IMITATE ! 
      IMITATORS4 ,& YET1 ,I MU/ ASK Y\ ABOVE ALL ?+S TO JO9 ME 9 ?9K+ ?AT ! 
      QUE/ION MU/ BE ANSW]$ 9 QUITE A DIFF]5T WAY FROM ?IS1 UNLESS WE >E TO BE 
      = EV] ! B>B>IANS :I* ! ,A!NIANS ( ! TIME ( ,P]ICLES W\LD 
      C]TA9LY1 & NOT SO WRONGLY1 HAVE CALL$ US2 = TO ME !SE WORKS ( P]FECTION 
      DO NOT EXPRESS EV]Y?+ :I* ! >*AIC WORK SUGGE/$1 & :I* !Y MI<T 
      HAVE EXPRESS$ IF !Y HAD D>$ TO TRY IT3 /ILL LESS DO !Y EXPRESS ALL ?AT ! 
      LAT] WORK /ROVE TO EXPRESS1 (T5 MAYBE ) HALT+ SKILL1 SELDOM )\T SOME 
      VISION ( ! ESS5CE ( ?+S2 :I* W\LD HAVE BE5 LO/ TO US = EV] HAD !Y 
      WAIT$ = ! DAY1 NEV] TO COME1 :5 ! H& ( MAN %ALL BE EQUAL TO HIS 
      ?\<T1 & NO SKILL BE LACK+ HIM TO TELL US ( ! HEI<T & DEP? ( HIS 
      ASPIRATIONS4 ,NO1 EV5 !SE M5 ( ,ANCI5T ,GREECE HAD !IR LIMITATIONS1 NOR WAS IT 
      ALTOGE!R BETT] ) !M ?AN IT IS ) US2 ! FRE$OM ( !SE FREE PEOPLE 
      WAS A N>R[ FRE$OM4 ,TRUE1 !Y LIV$ A SIMPLE LIFE1 & DID NOT KN[ ( ?AT 
      GREAT CURSE & BANE ( >T :I* WE CALL LUXURY3 YET WAS !IR SOCIETY F\ND$ ON 
      SLAV]Y2 SLAV]Y1 M5TAL AS WELL AS BODILY1 ( ! GREAT] P>T ( MANK9D1 ! 
      IRON EXCLUSIV5ESS :I* FIR/ B\ND !IR SOCIETY1 AFT] NO LONG :ILE UNSETTL$ 
      IT1 & AT LA/ DE/ROY$ IT4 ,:5 WE ?9K ( ALL ?AT CLASSICAL >T REPRES5TS1 
      & ALL ?AT IT HIDES & BURIES1 ( ITS PRET5SIONS & ITS %ORTCOM+S1 SURELY 
      WE %ALL NOT ACCUSE ! ,FATES TOO L\DLY ( BL9DNESS = OV]?R[+ IT1 OR ?9K 
      ?AT ! CONFUSION & MIS]Y ( ! TIMES ?AT FOLL[$ IT WAS TOO GREAT A PRICE 
      TO PAY = FRE% LIFE & ITS TOK51 *ANGE ( ! =MS ( >T :I* EXPRESS M5'S 
      ?\<TS4 
     
     

      ,N[ IF Y\ %\LD ?9K ,I HAVE GOT ON TO MATT]S OV] S]I\S = \R SMALL SUBJECT 
      ( PATT]N-DESIGN+1 ,I WILL SAY1 FIR/1 ?AT EV5 !SE LESS] >TS1 BE+ 
      PRODUC$ BY MAN'S 9TELLIG5CE1 CANNOT REALLY BE SEP>AT$ FROM ! GREAT]1 ! 
      MORE PURELY 9TELLECTUAL ONES1 OR FROM ! LIFE :I* CREATES BO?2 & NEXT1 ?AT 
      TO MY M9D ! TOK5S ( ! 9COMPLET5ESS ( FRE$OM AMONG ! CLASSICAL PEOPLES1 
      & !IR >I/OCRATIC & RIGID EXCLUSIV5ESS1 >E AS OBVI\S 9 ONE SIDE ( !IR 
      >T1 AS !IR GLORI\S SIMPLICITY ( LIFE & RESPECT = 9DIVIDUALITY ( M9D 
      AMONG ! FAVOR$ FEW >E OBVI\S 9 ! O!R SIDE ( IT2 & IT IS 9 \R 
      SUBJECT MATT] ( TO-DAY ?AT !IR WORS] P>T %[S4 
     
     

      ,! PATT]N-DESIGNS ( ,GREEK >T1 UND] A SY/EM :I* =BADE ANY M$DL+ ) 
      FIGURE-WORK BY M5 :O C\LD NOT DRAW ! HUMAN FIGURE UNEXCEPTIONABLY1 MU/ HAVE 
      BE5 ! MA9 RES\RCE ( !IR L[] >TI/S1 :AT WE CALL >TISANS2 !Y >E 
      G5]ALLY1 ?\< NOT ALWAYS1 ?OR\<LY WELL FITT$ = ! PURPOSE ( DECORATION 
      :I* !Y >E MEANT TO S]VE1 BUT NEI!R >E1 NOR PRET5D TO BE1 ( ANY 9T]E/ 
      9 !MSELVES3 !Y >E GRACEFUL1 9DE$1 :]E ! ,ASSYRIAN ONES >E CLUMSY1 
      TEMP]ATE :]E ?OSE ( ,EGYPT >E OV] FLORID2 BUT !Y HAVE NOT1 & DO NOT 
      PRET5D TO HAVE1 ANY %>E ( ! RI*NESS1 ! MA/]Y1 OR ! 9DIVIDUALITY ( 
      NATURE1 AS MU* ( ! ORNAM5T ( ! E>LI] P]IODS1 & MO/ ( ?AT ( ! 
      LAT]1 HAS HAD4 ,I MU/ ASK Y\ NOT TO MISUND]/& ME & SUPPOSE ?AT ,I ?9K 
      LI<TLY ( ! NECESSITY = ! DUE & EV5 SEV]E SUBORD9ATION ( >*ITECTURAL 
      ORNAM5T2 :AT ,I DO WANT Y\ TO UND]/& IS1 ?AT ! CON/ANT DEM& :I* ,GREEK 
      >T MADE = P]FECTION ON EV]Y SIDE WAS NOT AN UNMIX$ GA9 TO IT1 = IT MADE 
      R5UNCIATION ( MANY DELI<TFUL ?+S A NECESSITY1 & NOT UNSELDOM DROVE IT 9TO 
      BE+ H>D & UNSYMPA!TIC4 ,( ! SY/EM ( ,GREEK COLOR WE CAN KN[ V]Y 
      LITTLE1 FROM ! SCANTY REMA9S ?AT >E LEFT US4 ,I ?9K !Y PA9T$ MU* ( 
      !IR C>V+ & SCULPTURE 9 A WAY ?AT W\LD RA!R FRI<T5 \R GOOD TA/E - TO 
      HE> (1 ,I MEAN1 ?\< PROBABLY NOT TO SEE4 ,SOME PEOPLE1 ON ! O!R H&1 HAVE 
      SUPPOS$ ?AT !Y W]E ALL BUT COLORBL9D1 A GUESS ?AT WE NE$ NOT DISCUSS AT 
      GREAT L5G?4 ,:AT IS TO BE SAID ( IT IS1 ?AT C]TA9 WORDS :I* TO US EXPRESS 
      DEF9ITE T9TS ( COLOR >E US$ 9 !IR LIT]ATURE1 & ?AT ( ,ROME :I* 
      IMITAT$ IT1 9 SU* A WAY AS TO %[ ?AT !Y NOTIC$ ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 
      TONES ( COLORS MORE ?AN ?AT BETWE5 T9TS4 ,= ! RE/1 IT W\LD BE 
      UNREASONABLE TO SUPPOSE ?AT A PEOPLE :O DESPIS$ ! LESS] >TS1 & :O W]E ON 
      ! LOOK-\T1 FIR/ = SCI5TIFIC & HI/ORIC FACTS1 & NEXT = BEAUTY ( =M1 
      %\LD GIVE !MSELVES UP TO 9DULG5CE 9 ! REF9EM5TS ( COLOR4 ,! TWO 
      CONDITIONS ( M9D >E 9COMPATIBLE4 
     
     

      ,AS TO :AT ! DEVELOPM5T ( PATT]N-DESIGNS [ES TO ,GREEK >T1 ALL ?AT SIDE ( 
      ! CRAFT :I*1 COM+ DIRECTLY & CONSCI\SLY FROM CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION1 HAS 
      HELP$ TO =M ! ORNAM5T ( MOD]N >*ITECTURE1 HAS1 :OEV] 9V5T$ ! 
      PATT]NS1 ORIG9ALLY PASS$ ?R\< ! SEV]E S*OOL ( ,GREECE1 & ?US BE5 
      TRANSMITT$ TO US4 ,( ALL !SE ORNAM5TAL =MS ! MO/ IMPORTANT IS ?AT WE 
      *OOSE TO CALL ! ACAN?US LEAF1 :I* WAS BORNE =W>D ) ! COMPLETE 
      DEVELOPM5T ( ! COLUMN & CAPITAL4 ,AS ,I HAVE SAID BE=E1 ! =M ( ! 
      TIMB] HALL1 ) ITS L[-PIT*$ RO(1 ITS PO/S & BEAMS1 HAD GOT TO BE 
      CONSID]$ A HOLY =M BY ! ,GREEKS1 & !Y DID NOT C>E TO C>RY DIGNIFI$ 
      >*ITECTURE FUR!R1 OR 9V5T ANY MORE ELABORATE =M ( CON/RUCTION2 BUT ! 
      PRODIGI\S C>E !Y TOOK 9 REF9+ ! COLUMN ) ITS CU%ION1 OR HORN$1 OR 
      BELL-%AP$ CAPITAL1 IMPRESS$ ?OSE =MS ON ! WORLD = EV]1 & ESPECIALLY 
      ! LA/ ( !SE1 ! BELL-%AP$ ONE1 :OSE SPECIAL ORNAM5T WAS ?IS GLITT]+ 
      LEAFAGE WE N[ CALL ACAN?US4 ,NO =M ( ORNAM5T HAS GONE SO F>1 OR LA/$ SO 
      LONG AS ?IS2 IT HAS BE5 9F9ITELY V>I$1 US$ BY ALMO/ ALL FOLL[+ /YLES 9 
      ONE %APE OR ANO!R1 & P]=M$ MANY ANO!R (FICE BESIDES ITS ORIG9AL ONE4 
     
     

      ,N[ ?IS QUE/ION ( ! TRANSMISSION ( ! =MS ( ,GREEK >*ITECTURE LEADS US 
      AT ONCE TO ?9K+ ( ?AT ( ,ROME1 S9CE IT WAS BY ?IS ROAD ?AT ALL ( IT W5T 
      :I* WAS CONSCI\SLY ACCEPT$ AS A GIFT ( ! CLASSICAL TIMES4 ,! SUBJECT ( ! 
      ORIG9 ( ALL ?AT IS *>ACT]I/IC 9 ,ROMAN >T IS OBSCURE 5\<1 MU* TOO 
      OBSCURE = MY LITTLE KN[L$GE EV5 TO ATTEMPT TO SEE 9TO IT2 NAY1 EV5 9 
      SPEAK+ ( IT1 ,I HAD BETT] CALL IT ! >T ( ! PEOPLES COLLECT$ UND] ! 
      ,ROMAN NAME1 SO ?AT ,I MAY BE UND]/OOD TO 9CLUDE ALL ! 9FLU5CES ?AT W5T TO 
      ITS CREATION4 ,N[ IF WE >E ASK$ :AT IMPRESSION ! GA!R$ >T ( !SE PEOPLES 
      MADE UPON MOD]N >T1 ,I SEE NO?+ = IT BUT TO SAY ?AT IT 9V5T$ 
      >*ITECTURE2 NO LESS4 ,BE=E !IR TIME1 9DE$1 TEMPLES TOOK SU* & SU* =MS 
      AMONG DIV]SE NATIONS1 & SU* & SU* ORNAM5T GREW ON !M2 BUT :AT ELSE WAS 
      DONE ) !SE /YLES WE REALLY DO NOT KN[2 A FRIVOL\S PLEASURE-T[N BUILT 9 A 
      LATE P]IOD1 & SITUATE 9 ,ITALY1 :I* DE/RUCTION1 SO TO SAY1 HAS PRES]V$ = 
      US1 BE+ ! ONLY TOK5 LEFT TO %[ :AT A ,GREEK H\SE MI<T P]HAPS HAVE BE5 
      LIKE4 ,= ! RE/1 9 SPITE ( ALL ! WOND]S ( ,GREEK SCULPTURE1 WE MU/ NE$S 
      ?9K ?AT ! ,GREEKS HAD DONE LITTLE TO FIX ! FUTURE >*ITECTURE ( ! WORLD3 
      !RE WAS NO ELA/ICITY OR P[] ( GR[? AB\T ! /YLE2 RI<T 9 ITS [N 
      C\NTRY1 US$ = ! WOR%IP & ASPIRATIONS :I* FIR/ GAVE IT BIR?1 IT C\LD 
      NOT BE US$ = ANY?+ ELSE4 ,BUT ) ! >*ITECTURE ( ! M5 ( ! ,ROMAN 
      NAME IT WAS QUITE DIFF]5T4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE !Y SEIZ$ ON ! GREAT 9V5TION 
      ( ! >*1 ! MO/ IMPORTANT 9V5TION TO H\SE-NE$+ M5 ?AT HAS BE51 OR 
      CAN BE MADE4 ,!Y DID NOT 9V5T IT !MSELVES ( C\RSE1 S9CE IT WAS KN[N 9 
      ANCI5T ,EGYPT1 & APP>5TLY NOT UNCOMMON 9 BRICK-BUILD+ ,BABYLONIA2 BUT !Y 
      W]E ! FIR/ :O US$ IT O!RWISE !N AS AN UGLY NECESSITY1 &1 9 SO US+ 
      IT1 !Y SETTL$ :AT ! >*ITECTURE ( CIVILIZATION MU/ H5CE=W>D BE4 ,NOR 
      WAS !IR >*ITECTURE1 /ATELY AS IT WAS1 ANY LONG] FIT = NO?+ BUT A TEMPLE1 
      A HOLY RAIL+ = ! %R9E OR SYMBOL ( ! GOD2 IT WAS FIT = ONE PURPOSE AS 
      = ANO!R - *UR*1 H\SE1 AQU$UCT1 M>KET-PLACE1 OR CA/LE2 NOR WAS IT ! 
      /YLE ( ONE C\NTRY OR ONE CLIMATE3 IT W\LD FIT ITSELF TO NOR? OR S\?1 
      SN[-/ORM OR S&-/ORM ALIKE4 ,?\< P$ANTS MI<T MAKE 9FLEXIBLE RULES = ITS 
      PRACTICE :5 IT WAS DEAD OR DY+1 :5 IT WAS ALIVE IT DID NOT B9D ITSELF TOO 
      /RICTLY TO RULE1 BUT FOLL[$1 9 ITS CON/RUCTIVE P>T AT LEA/1 ! LAW ( 
      NATURE2 9 %ORT1 IT WAS A NEW >T1 ! GREAT >T ( CIVILIZATION4 
     
     

      ,TRUE IT IS ?AT :AT WE HAVE BE5 SAY+ ( IT APPLIES TO IT AS A /YLE ( BUILD+ 
      *IEFLY2 9 MATT]S ( ORNAM5T ! >TS ( ! CONQU]$ DID COMPLETELY TAKE ! 
      CONQU]OR CAPTIVE1 & NOT TILL ! GLORY ( ,ROME WAS WAN+1 & ITS DOM9ION 
      BECOME A TAX-GA!R+ MA*9E1 DID IT EV5 BEG9 TO /RIVE TO %AKE (F ! 
      FETT]S ( ,GREECE2 & /ILL1 ?R\< ALL ?OSE C5TURIES1 ! ,ROMAN LORDS ( ! 
      WORLD ?\<T ! LITTLE TIMB] GOD'S-H\SE A HOLY =M1 & NECESS>Y TO BE 
      IMPRESS$ ON ALL /ATELY >*ITECTURE4 ,IT IS A MATT] ( C\RSE ?AT ! P>T ( 
      ! >*ITECTURAL ORNAM5T ( ! ,ROMANS :I* MAY BE DEF9ITELY CALL$ 
      PATT]N-DESIGN %>$ FULLY 9 ?IS SLAV]Y2 IT WAS ALT]$ & SOME:AT SPOIL$ 
      ,GREEK WORK1 LESS REF9$ & LESS =BE>+4 ,GREAT SW++ SCROLLS1 MO/LY =M$ 
      ( ! ACAN?US FOLIAGE1 NOT V]Y V>I\S OR DELICATE 9 !IR GR[?1 M+L$ ) 
      HEAVY ROLL+ FL[]S1 =M ! MA9 P>T ( ! ,ROMAN PATT]N-DESIGN ?AT CLAVE TO 
      ! >TS4 ,!RE IS NO MY/]Y 9 !M1 & LITTLE 9T]E/ 9 !IR GR[?1 ?\< 
      !Y >E RI* & H&SOME2 9DE$ !Y SC>CELY DO GR[ AT ALL1 !Y >E RA!R 
      /UCK TOGE!R2 = ! REAL CONNECT$ PATT]N :]E ONE MEMB] GR[S NATURALLY & 
      NECESS>ILY \T ( ANO!R1 :]E ! :OLE ?+ IS ALIVE AS A REAL TREE OR FL[] 
      IS1 ALL ?IS IS AN 9V5TION ( :AT FOLL[$ ,ROMAN >T1 & IS UNKN[N BO? TO ! 
      CLASSICAL & ! ANCI5T WORLD4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ?IS 9V5TION1 :5 IT CAME1 
      CLO!D ITS S\L 9 A BODY :I* WAS *IEFLY =M$ ( ! ,GRAECO-,ROMAN ORNAM5T1 
      SO ?AT ?IS SPL5DID ,ROMAN SCROLL-WORK1 ?\< NOT V]Y BEAUTIFUL 9 ITSELF1 IS 
      ! P>5T ( V]Y BEAUTIFUL ?+S4 ,IT IS P]HAPS 9 ! NOBLE CRAFT ( ! 
      MOSAIC1 :I* IS A SPECIAL CRAFT ( ! ,ROMAN NAME1 ?AT ! =E%AD[+ ( ! 
      NEW >T IS BE/ SE54 ,9 ! REMA9S ( ?IS >T Y\ MAY NOTE ! GR[+ =MATION 
      ( MORE MY/]I\S & MORE CONNECT$1 AS WELL AS FRE] & MORE NATURALI/IC 
      DESIGN2 !IR COLOR1 (T5 9 SPITE ( ! LIMITATION =C$ ON ! WORKMAN BY 
      SIMPLE MAT]IALS1 IS SKILLFULLY >RANG$ & BEAUTIFUL2 &1 9 %ORT1 !RE IS A 
      SIGN 9 !M ( ! COM+ ( ! WAVE ( ?AT GREAT *ANGE :I* WAS TO TURN LATE 
      ,ROMAN >T1 ! LA/ ( ! OLD1 9TO ,BYZANT9E >T1 ! FIR/ ( ! NEW4 
     
     

      ,IT L+]$ LONG4 ,= LONG !RE WAS /ILL SOME %[ ( LIFE 9 ! SICK >T ( ! 
      OLD] WORLD2 ?AT >T HAD BE5 SO P[]FUL1 SO SY/EMIZ$1 ?AT IT WAS NOT EASY 
      TO GET RID EV5 ( ITS DEAD BODY4 ,! FIR/ /IRR+S ( *ANGE W]E FELT 9 ! 
      MA/]->T ( >*ITECTURE1 OR1 ONCE MORE1 9 ! >T ( BUILD+4 ,AS ,I SAID BE=E 
      9 SPEAK+ ( ! E>LIE/ BUILD+ ?AT %[S ?IS MOVEM5T1 ! ,PALACE AT 
      ,SPALATO1 ! ORNAM5TAL SIDE ( ! >T LAGG$ LONG BEH9D ! CON/RUCTIONAL4 ,9 
      ?AT BUILD+ Y\ SEE = ! FIR/ TIME ! >* ACT+ FREELY1 & )\T ! 
      %AM SUPPORT ( ! ,GREEK BEAM->*ITECTURE2 H5CE=?1 ! FIVE ORD]S >E BUT 
      PIECES ( HI/ORY1 UNTIL ! TIME :5 !Y W]E US$ BY ! NEW P$ANTS ( ! 
      ,R5AISSANCE TO 5?RALL$ ! WORLD AGA94 
     
     

      ,NOTE N[1 ?AT ?IS FIR/ *ANGE ( >*ITECTURE M>KS A NEW WORLD & NEW ?\<TS 
      >IS+4 ,DIOCLETIAN'S PALACE WAS BUILT BUT A FEW YE>S BE=E ! ,ROMAN TYRANNY WAS 
      R5T 9 TWA94 ,:5 IT WAS RAIS$1 ?AT :I* M5 ?\<T W\LD LA/ = EV] HAD 
      BE5 ALREADY SMITT5 ) ITS DEA?-/ROKE4 ,LET Y\R M9DS GO BACK ?R\< ALL ! 
      C5TURIES TO LOOK ON ! YE>S ?AT FOLL[$1 & SEE H[ ! :OLE WORLD IS 
      *ANG+2 UNHE>D-( PEOPLES ?RU/+ ON 9TO ,EUROPE2 NATION M+L+ ) NATION1 
      & BLOOD ) BLOOD2 ! OLD CLASSICAL EXCLUSIV5ESS IS GONE = EV]4 ,GREEK1 
      ,ROMAN1 ,B>B>IAN1 >E WORDS /ILL US$1 BUT ! OLD MEAN+ HAS DEP>T$ FROM !M2 
      NAY1 EV51 !Y MAY MEAN PRETTY MU* ! REV]SE ( :AT !Y DID4 ,DACIANS1 
      ,>M5IANS1 ,>ABS1 ,GO?S2 FROM !SE COME ! CAPTA9S ( ! ,ROMAN NAME2 & :5 
      ! ,ROMAN >MY GOES AFIELD1 M>*+ N[ AS (T5 TO DEFEAT AS VICTORY1 IT MAY WELL 
      BE ?AT NO ,ITALIAN GOES 9 ITS RANKS TO MEET ! 5EMIES ( ,ROME4 ,MORE WOND] IS 
      IT1 !RE=E1 ?AT ! =MS ( ! OLD WORLD CLAVE SO CLOSE TO >T1 ?AN ?AT A 
      NEW >T WAS SL[LY & UNOBTRUSIVELY GETT+ READY TO MEET ! NEW ?\<TS & 
      ASPIRATIONS ( MANK9D2 ?AT MOD]N >T WAS NE> ITS BIR?1 ?\< MOD]N ,EUROPE 
      WAS BORN BE=E ITS >T WAS BORN4 
     
     

      ,MEAN:ILE LET US TURN ASIDE FROM ,EUROPE TO LOOK = A LITTLE AT ! NEW BIR? ( AN 
      ANCI5T NATION - ,P]SIA1 TO WIT2 & SEE :AT P>T IT TOOK 9 C>RY+ ON ! =MS 
      ( DECORATION FROM ! OLD WORLD 9TO ! NEW4 ,I WILL ASK Y\ TO REMEMB] ?AT1 
      AFT] ! CONTE/ BETWE5 ,P]SIA & ,GREECE HAD BE5 5D$ BY ,ALEX&]1 & :5 
      HIS DREAM ( A VA/ ,EUROPEAN-,ASIATIC ,EMPIRE1 9FUS$ ?R\<\T ) ,HELL5IC 
      ?\<T & LIFE1 HAD BUT BR\<T AB\T V>I\S KNOTS ( AN>*ICAL & 
      SELF-SEEK+ TYRANNIES1 A NEW & MA/]FUL PEOPLE *ANG$ ! /ORY2 & ,P]SIA1 
      ) ! SURR\ND+ C\NTRIES1 FELL UND] ! DOM9ION ( ! ,P>?IANS1 A PEOPLE 
      ( A RACE :OSE (FICE 9 ! FUR!R+ ( CIVILIZATION IS P]HAPS ! PUNI%M5T 
      ( ITS CRIMES4 ,! ANCI5T ,P>?IANS1 LIKE ! MOD]N ,OTTOMANS1 SC>CELY M+L$ 
      ) ! NATIONS :I* !Y CONQU]$1 BUT RA!R 5CAMP$ AMONG !M4 ,LIKE ! 
      ,OTTOMANS1 ALSO1 ! DECL9E ( !IR W>LIKE P[]S BY NO MEANS KEPT PACE ) ! 
      DECL9E ( !IR P[]S ( RULE1 OR ! /EADY ADVANCE ( !IR 9EVITABLE DOOM4 
      ,>TABANUS1 ! LA/ ( ! ,P>?IAN K+S1 TURN$ FROM ! VICTORI\S FIELD ( 
      ,NISIBIS1 :]E HE HAD OV]COME ! M5 ( ! ,ROMAN NAME1 TO MEET ! RIS+ ( HIS 
      ,P]SIAN SUBJECTS2 :I*1 9 ?REE DAYS ( BLOODY BATTLE1 SWEPT AWAY HIS LIFE & 
      ! DOM9ION ( HIS RACE4 ,A CURI\S LESSON1 BY ! WAY1 TO W>R+ TYRANNIES4 ,! 
      ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE HAD CONT5D$ LONG ) ! ,P>?IAN K+DOM1 HAD WRE/$ MANY A 
      PROV9CE FROM IT & WEAK5$ IT SORELY1 ALL = ?IS1 ?AT IT MI<T GIVE BIR? TO 
      ! GREATE/ & MO/ DANG]\S 5EMY ( ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE1 & ONE :O WAS SOON TO 
      HUMILIATE IT SO GRIEV\SLY4 
     
     

      ,N[ AS TO ! >T ( !SE K+DOMS4 ,?AT ( ! ,P>?IANS MU/ BE SET ASIDE BY 
      TREAT+ IT 9 ! WAY :I* WAS US$ BY ! WOR?Y ,NORWEGIAN M]*ANT 9 WRIT+ 
      ( ! SNAKES 9 ,ICEL&2 !RE WAS NO >T AMONG ! ,P>?IANS1 NO NATIVE >T1 ?AT 
      IS TO SAY1 & SC>CELY ANY BORR[$ >T :I* !Y MADE QUASI-NATIVE4 ,9 E>LI] 
      TIMES ,GREEK H&S FA%ION$ !IR CO9S & SU*-LIKE MATT]S2 9 LAT] !Y 
      BORR[$ !IR >T FROM ! BORR[$ >T ( !IR ,P]SIAN SUBJECTS1 ) :OM1 
      D\BTLESS1 !Y W]E (T5 CONFUS$ BY CLASSICAL WRIT]S4 ,NEI!R CAN ,I SAY ?AT ( 
      ! >T ( ! NEW-BORN ,P]SIAN K+DOM !RE IS MU* LEFT ?AT IS IMPORTANT 9 
      ITSELF4 ,I HAVE SAID ?AT MU* ( ! >T ( ,A*EM5IAN ,P]SIA WAS BORR[$ 
      DIRECTLY FROM ,ASSYRIA1 ITS WILD & /RANGE COLUMN> >*ITECTURE BE+ ! ONLY 
      P>T ( IT ?AT SEEMS TO BE> ANY RELATION TO ! ,>YAN RACE4 ,= ?REE HUNDR$ & 
      FIFTY YE>S ! ,P]SIANS LAY UND] ! DOM9ATION ( ,TURAN1 & C]TA9LY1 TO JUDGE 
      FROM :AT WE KN[ ( !IR >*ITECTURE DUR+ & AFT] ?AT TIME !Y W]E NOT 
      RECEPTIVE ( IDEAS FROM O!R BRAN*ES ( !IR RACE4 
     
     

      ,! MO/ NOTABLE WORKS ( ! NEW-BORN OR ,SASSANIAN ,K+DOM ( ,P]SIA >E C]TA9 
      ROCK-SCULPTUR$ MONUM5TS ( DIV]SE DATES1 ! E>LIE/ BE+ ?AT :I* 
      COMMEMORATES ,SAPOR ! ,GREAT1 & HIS TRIUMPH OV] ! ,ROMAN ,EMP]OR ,VAL]IAN1 
      :I* HAPP5$ 9 #b#f1 ONLY =TY YE>S AFT] ,>TAX]XES1 ! FIR/ ,SASSANIAN K+1 
      HAD OV]?R[N & SLA9 ! LA/ ( ! ,P>?IANS ON ! FIELD ( ,HORMUZ4 ,TO MY 
      M9D !SE SCULPTURES /ILL %[ ! 9FLU5CE ( ?AT ,ASSYRIAN OR ,*ALDEAN >T1 
      :I* IS ! FIR/ =M ?AT >T TOOK 9 ,P]SIA1 ?\< !Y >E BY NO MEANS 
      LACK+ 9 ORIG9AL FEEL+1 & >E OBVI\SLY & MO/ 9T]E/+LY C>EFUL 9 
      MATT]S ( CO/UME1 ! ,ROMANS BE+ DRESS$ AS ,ROMANS1 & ! ,P]SIANS 9 !IR 
      NATIONAL DRESS2 ! *IEF DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ?IS & ! CO/UME ( ! 
      ,A*EM5IAN TIME BE+ 9 ! /RANGE &1 ,I SUPPOSE1 SYMBOLICAL HEAD-DRESS ( 
      ,SAPOR HIMSELF1 :O WE>S OV] HIS CR[N AN 5ORM\S GLOBE1 SEEM+LY MADE ( SOME 
      LI<T MAT]IAL 9FLAT$4 ,!RE IS NO M]E ORNAM5TAL DETAIL 9 !SE SCULPTURES2 
      BUT 9 A MONUM5T TO ,*OSROES ! ,SECOND1 :OSE REIGN BEGAN 9 #e#i1 !RE IS A GOOD 
      DEAL ( IT2 & 9 ?IS ! ,*ALDEAN 9FLU5CE IS UNMI/AKABLE1 & ALL ! MORE 
      M>K$1 S9CE IT IS M+L$ ) VISIBLE IMITATION ( LATE ,ROMAN FIGURE-SCULPTURE 
      AS WELL AS ) 9F]IOR WORK ( ! K9D F\ND 9 ,SAPOR'S MONUM5T4 ,! EXI/5CE 
      ( ?IS ,*ALDEAN 9FLU5CE IS ALL ! MORE IMPORTANT TO NOTE BECAUSE ( ITS LATE 
      DATE4 
     
     

      ,BESIDES !SE SCULPTUR$ WORKS1 !RE >E ALSO LEFT 9 ,P]SIA & ,MESOPOTAMIA SOME 
      REMA9S ( IMPORTANT ,SASSANIAN BUILD+S1 :I*1 H[EV] SCANTY1 >E ( GREAT 
      9T]E/4 ,TO :AT E>LI] /YLE IS DUE ! ORIG9 ( !IR *>ACT]I/IC FEATURES 
      IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO SAY2 BUT ONE ?+ IS CLE> TO ME1 ?AT SOME ( ?OSE 
      FEATURES AT LEA/ HAVE BE5 FIX$ ON MOD]N ,P]SIAN >*ITECTURE2 AS1 = EXAMPLE1 
      ! EGG-%AP$ DOME1 & ! GREAT CAV]N\S POR* ) ! SMALL DOORWAY PI]C$ 
      9 ITS 9SIDE WALL1 BO? ( :I* FEATURES >E SPECIAL *>ACT]I/ICS ( ?AT 
      MOD]N ,P]SIAN >*ITECTURE :I* IS 9 FACT ! >T ( ! ,MUSSULMAN WORLD4 ,A WORD 
      MU/ BE SAID FUR!R ON A FEATURE ( ! ,SASSANIAN >*ITECTURE ?AT LIES NE>] TO 
      \R SUBJECT1 ! CAPITALS ( COLUMNS /ILL EXI/+4 ,! \TL9E ( !SE IS 
      CURI\SLY LIKE ?AT ( FULLY DEVELOP$ ,BYZANT9E >*ITECTURE2 ! C>V$ ORNAM5T 
      ON !M IS 9 V>I\S DEGREES 9FLU5C$ BY ANCI5T ,*ALDEAN >T1 BE+ 9 SOME 
      CASES ID5TICAL ) ! LAT] ,ASSYRIAN PATT]N-WORK1 9 O!RS M+L$ ) 
      IMPRESSIONS ( ,ROMAN ORNAM5T2 BUT ! G5]AL EFFECT ( !M 9 ANY CASE %[S A 
      V]Y REM>KABLE LIK5ESS TO ! RUD] CAPITALS ( ! TIME ( ,JU/9IAN1 MORE 
      ESPECIALLY TO HIS WORK AT ,RAV5NA1 A FACT TO BE C>EFULLY NOT$ 9 CONNECTION ) 
      ! DEVELOPM5T ( ?AT >T4 
     
     

      ,SOME V]Y RI* & LOVELY >*ITECTURAL C>V+ AT ! PALACE ( ,MA%ITA1 WR\<T 
      LATE 9 ! ,SASSANIAN TIME1 AB\T #f#c1 BE>S A /RONG RESEMBLANCE TO ELABORATE 
      ,BYZANT9E WORK AT ITS BE/2 IT MI<T ALMO/ BE WORK ( ,COMN5IAN ,GREEKS AT ,V5ICE 
      OR ,MILAN3 NEV]!LESS1 & ?IS ALSO ,I BEG Y\ TO REMEMB]1 IT IS AS LIKE AS 
      POSSIBLE TO DESIGNS ON C>PETS & TILES DONE NE>LY A ?\S& YE>S AFT] ! 
      BATTLE ( ,CADESIA1 UND] ! RULE ( ,%AH ,ABBAS ! ,GREAT4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ,I BELIEVE 
      ! ,P]SIANS HAVE PRES]V$ & H&$ D[N TO LAT] AGES C]TA9 =MS ( ORNAM5T 
      :I*1 ABOVE ALL1 MU/ BE CONSID]$ P>TS ( PATT]N-DESIGN+1 & :I* HAVE 
      CLUNG TO ?AT >T ) S+UL> T5ACITY4 ,!SE =MS >E V>IATIONS ( ! MY/IC 
      SYMBOLS ( ! ,HOLY ,TREE1 & ! ,HOLY ,FIRE4 ,! SUBJECT ( ! %APES !SE HAVE 
      TAK51 & ! REASONS = !IR USE & ! DIV]SITIES ( !M1 IS A DIFFICULT 
      & OBSCURE ONE2 SO ,I MU/1 BE=E ,I GO FUR!R1 REM9D Y\ ?AT ,I LAY NO CLAIMS TO 
      MY?OLOGICAL & E?NOLOGICAL LE>N+1 & IF ,I BLUND] :ILE ,I T\* ON !SE 
      SUBJECTS 7AS ,I CANNOT HELP DO+7 ,I %ALL BE V]Y GLAD ( CORRECTION FROM ANY ONE 
      :O UND]/&S ?IS RECONDITE SUBJECT4 
     
     

      ,H[EV]1 :AT ,I HAVE NOTIC$ ( !SE 9 MY /UDIES AS A PATT]N-DESIGN] IS ?IS4 
      ,!RE >E TWO SYMBOLS2 ! ONE IS A TREE1 MORE OR LESS ELABORATELY BLOSSOM$1 & 
      SUPPORT$1 AS H]ALDS SAY1 BY TWO LIV+ CREATURES1 G5II1 P>TLY OR :OLLY 
      MAN-LIKE1 OR ANIMALS1 SOMETIMES ( KN[N K9DS1 LIONS OR ! LIKE1 SOMETIMES 
      9V5T$ MON/]S2 ! O!R SYMBOL IS AN ALT> ) A FLAME UPON IT1 SUPPORT$ BY 
      TWO LIV+ CREATURES1 SOMETIMES MAN-LIKE1 SOMETIMES BEA/-LIKE4 ,N[ !SE TWO 
      SYMBOLS >E F\ND1 ONE OR O!R1 OR BO? ( !M1 9 ALMO/ ALL P]IODS ( >T2 ! 
      ,LION ,GATE AT ,MYC5AE WILL OCCUR TO ALL ( Y\ AS ONE EXAMPLE4 ,I HAVE SE5 A V]Y 
      CLE> EXAMPLE FIGUR$1 :I* IS ON A POT F\ND 9 ,ATTICA1 ( ! V]Y E>LIE/ 
      P]IOD4 ,! ,HOLY ,TREE IS COMMON 9 ,ASSYRIAN >T1 ! ,HOLY ,FIRE IS F\ND 9 IT4 ,! 
      ,HOLY ,FIRE ) ! ATT5DANT FIGURES1 PRIE/S 9 ?IS CASE ALWAYS1 IS ON ! CO9S 
      ( ALL ! ,SASSANIAN K+S2 ! ,HOLY ,TREE1 SUPPORT$ BY LIONS1 IS F\ND 9 
      ,SASSANIAN >T ALSO4 ,N[ IT IS CLE> ?AT ! TWO SYMBOLS >E APT TO BECOME SO MU* 
      ALIKE 9 RUDE REPRES5TATIONS ?AT SOMETIMES IT IS H>D TO SAY :E!R ! 
      SUPPORT]S HAVE ! TREE OR ! FIRE-ALT> BETWE5 !M2 & ?IS SEEMS TO HAVE 
      PUZZL$ ?OSE :O US$ !M AFT] ! ,SASSANIAN P]IOD1 :51 D\BTLESS1 !Y HAD 
      =GOTT5 OR P]V]T$ !IR ORIG9AL MEAN+4 ,!Y >E US$ V]Y (T5 9 
      ,BYZANT9E >T 9 C>V+S & ! LIKE1 :]E AGA9 !Y SOMETIMES TAKE ANO!R 
      =M ( PEACOCKS DR9K+ FROM A F\NTA92 BUT ( ALL ?+S >E COMMONE/ P]HAPS 
      9 ! SILK5 /UFFS ?AT W]E WR\<T 9 ,GREECE1 ,SYRIA1 ,EGYPT1 & AT LA/ 9 
      ,SICILY & ,LUCCA1 BETWE5 ! ELEV5? & ! FIFTE5? C5TURIES4 ,9 !SE1 AT 
      FIR/1 IT WAS A TOSS-UP :E!R ! ?+ BETWE5 ! CREATURES %\LD BE ! ALT> 
      OR ! TREE1 ?\< ! LATT] WAS ALWAYS COMMONE/2 BUT AT LA/ ! TREE WON ! 
      DAY1 ,I IMAG9E RA!R BECAUSE IT WAS PRETTI] ?AN = ANY MORE AB/RUSE REASON2 
      /ILL1 EV5 9 QUITE LATE TIMES1 ! FIRE CROPS UP AGA9 AT :ILES4 ,I %\LD 
      M5TION ALSO1 ?AT 9 !SE LAT] REPRES5TATIONS MAN-LIKE FIGURES >E SELDOM1 IF 
      EV]1 SE52 BEA/S ( ALL K9DS1 FROM GIRAFFES TO B>N-DOOR F[LS1 TAKE !IR 
      PLACE4 
     
     

      ,IT W\LD BE ABSURD ( ME TO ATTEMPT TO BE AU?ORITATIVE AS TO ! MEAN+ ( !SE 
      F>-TRAVEL+ SYMBOLS2 BUT ,I MAY P]HAPS BE ALL[$ TO SAY ?AT BO? ! FIRE & 
      ! TREE >E SYMBOLS ( LIFE & CREATION1 & ?AT1 :5 ! C5TRAL OBJECT IS 
      OBVI\SLY A FIRE1 ! SUPPORT]S >E EI!R M9I/]S ( ! ALT> OR GU>DIAN 
      SPIRITS4 ,AS TO ! MON/]S SUPPORT+ ! TREE1 !Y ALSO1 ,I SUPPOSE1 MAY BE 
      GU>DIANS4 ,I HAVE1 H[EV]1 SE5 A DIFF]5T GUESS AT !IR MEAN+2 TO WIT1 ?AT 
      !Y REPRES5T ! OPPOS+ P[]S ( GOOD & EVIL ?AT =M ! LEAD+ IDEA ( 
      ! DUALISM ?AT FIX$ ITSELF TO ! ANCI5T ,ZOROA/RIAN CRE$1 ! CRE$ 9 :I* 
      ! ,LI<T & ! ,FIRE HAD BECOME ! RECOGNIZ$ SYMBOL ( DEITY BY ! TIME ( ! 
      ,SASSANIAN MON>*S4 ,I CANNOT PRET5D TO SAY :AT F\NDATION !RE MAY BE = ?IS 
      !ORY1 :I* W\LD FUZE ! TWO SYMBOLS 9TO ONE4 ,! ONLY ?+ ,I FEEL PRETTY 
      C]TA9 ( IS ?IS3 ?AT :ATEV] ! =MS MAY MEAN1 !Y >E NEV] F\ND BUT 
      AMONG PEOPLES :O1 IT MAY BE AT ! 5D ( A V]Y LONG *A91 HAVE HAD SOME 
      DEAL+S ) ! C\NTRY BETWE5 ! TWO ,RIV]S2 ?AT !Y !RE=E >E ,*ALDEAN 
      9 ORIG92 ?AT1 ?\< !Y HAVE BE5 TRANSMITT$ BY O!R MEANS 9 E>LI] DAYS1 
      IT IS TO ! ,SASSANIAN ,P]SIANS ?AT WE [E !IR PRES5CE 9 MOD]N >T4 ,BUT IT IS 
      NOT DIFFICULT TO SEE ?AT SU* AN 9COMPLETE & EV5 LANGUID >T AS ?AT ( 
      NEW-BORN ,P]SIA1 :I* HAD BUT LITTLE *>ACT] ( ITS [N1 AT ANY RATE ON ITS 
      ORNAM5TAL SIDE1 W\LD HAVE HAD NO /R5G? TO C>RY !SE /RANGE FIGURES SO F>2 
      FIGURES :I*1 ,I REPEAT1 HAVE PLAY$ A GREAT] P>T ?AN ANY O!RS AMONG ! 
      PATT]N-DESIGNS ( ,EUROPE & ! ,EA/1 H[EV] ?OSE :O US$ !M MI<T BE 
      UNCONSCI\S ( !IR MEAN+4 ,IT WAS ON ANO!R & MI<TI] >T ?AT !Y W]E 
      BORNE4 ,! 9FLU5CE ( ,P]SIA1 9DE$1 WAS FELT AMONG A PEOPLE READY TO RECEIVE 
      IT1 9 A TIME ?AT WAS AGAPE TO TAKE 9 SOME?+ NEW TO FILL ! VOID :I* ! 
      DEA? ( CLASSICAL >T HAD MADE2 BUT O!R 9FLU5CES W]E AT WORK AMONG ! PEOPLE 
      :OSE MO!R CITY WAS ,NEW ,ROME1 :I* WAS A K9D ( KNOT TO ALL ! MANY ?RUMS ( 
      ! V>I$ LIFE ( ! FIR/ DAYS ( MOD]N ,EUROPE4 
     
     

      ,:ILE M5 SLEPT A NEW >T WAS GR[+ UP 9 ?AT /RANGE EMPIRE ON :I* SO MANY 
      C5TURIES ( *ANGE /ILL ?RU/ ! NAME ( ,ROME1 AL?\< ! DE$S & P[] ( 
      ,ROME W]E GONE FROM IT4 ,MANY ( Y\ HAVE D\BTLESS HE>D ?IS >T SPOK5 ( ) 
      CONTEMPT AS ! M]E DREGS ( ! DY+ >T ( ! ANCI5T WORLD4 ,WELL1 D\BTLESS 
      DEA? WAS BUSY AMONG :AT WAS LEFT ( ! >T ( ANTIQUITY1 BUT IT WAS A DEA? ?AT 
      BORE NEW QUICK5+ ) IT2 IT WAS A CORRUPTION :I* WAS DRAW+ TO IT ELEM5TS 
      ( LIFE ( :I* ! CLASSICAL WORLD KNEW NO?+2 & ! *IEF ELEM5T ( LIFE 
      ?AT IT GAVE EXPRESSION TO WAS FRE$OM1 ! FRE$OM ( ! MANY1 9 ! REALM ( 
      >T AT LEA/4 ,9 ! E>LI] DAYS ! WORKMAN HAD NAU<T TO DO BUT TO GR9D ?R\< 
      HIS DAY'S WORK1 /ICK TI<TLY TO HIS GAUGE LE/ HE BE BEAT5 OR />V$1 & !N 
      GO2 BUT N[ HE WAS RIS+ UND] ! LOAD ( CONTEMPT ?AT CRU%$ HIM1 & C\LD DO 
      SOME?+ ?AT PEOPLE W\LD /OP TO LOOK AT NO LESS ?AN ! MORE 9TELLECTUAL WORK 
      ( HIS BETT]-BORN FELL[4 ,:AT HAS COME ( ?AT 9 LAT] TIMES1 NAY1 :AT MAY YET 
      COME ( IT 9 DAYS ?AT WE %ALL NOT LIVE TO SEE1 WE MAY NOT CONSID] N[4 ,BUT ONE 
      ?+ CAME ( IT 9 ?OSE E>LI] DAYS2 AN >*ITECTURE :I* WAS PURE 9 ITS 
      PR9CIPLES1 REASONABLE 9 ITS PRACTICE1 & BEAUTIFUL TO ! EYES ( ALL M51 EV5 
      ! SIMPLE/3 :I* IS A ?+1 M9D Y\1 :I* CAN NEV] EXI/ 9 ANY /ATE ( 
      SOCIETY UND] :I* M5 >E DIVID$ 9TO 9TELLECTUAL CA/ES4 
     
     

      ,IT WAS A MATT] ( C\RSE ?AT ! >T ( PATT]N-DESIGN+ %\LD FULLY %>E 9 
      ?IS EXALTATION ( ! MA/] >T4 ,N[ AT LA/1 & ONLY N[1 IT BEGAN TO BE REALLY 
      DELI<TFUL 9 ITSELF2 GOOD REASON :Y1 S9CE N[ AT LA/ ! M9D ( A MAN HAPPY 9 
      HIS WORK DID MORE OR LESS GUIDE ALL H&S ?AT WR\<T IT4 ,NO BEAUTY 9 ! >T HAS 
      EV] SURPASS$ ! BEAUTY ( ?OSE ITS FIR/ DAYS ( JOY & FRE$OM2 ! DAYS ( 
      GA9 )\T LOSS1 ! TIME ( B\NDLESS HOPE4 ,I SAY ( GA9 )\T LOSS3 ! 
      QUALITIES ( ALL ! PA/ /YLES :I* HAD BUILT IT UP >E !RE1 ) ALL ?AT IT 
      HAS GA9$ ( NEW4 ,! GREAT ROLL+ CURVES ( ! ,ROMAN ACAN?US HAVE NOT BE5 
      =GOTT51 BUT !Y HAVE HAD LIFE1 GR[?1 V>IETY1 & REF9EM5T 9FUS$ 9TO 
      !M2 ! CLEAN-CUT ACCURACY & JU/NESS ( L9E ( ONE SIDE ( ,GREEK ORNAM5T HAS 
      NOT BE5 =GOTT5 EI!R1 NOR ! /RAY+ WREA?-LIKE NATURALISM ( ! O!R 
      SIDE ( IT2 BUT ! FIR/ HAS GA9$ A CRISP SP>KL+ RI*NESS1 & A FRE$OM & 
      SUGGE/ION ( NATURE :I* IT HAD LACK$ BE=E2 & ! SECOND1 :I* WAS APT TO 
      BE FEEBLE & LANGUID1 HAS GA9$ A KNITT+-UP ( ITS L9ES 9TO /R5G?1 & AN 
      9T]E/ 9 EV]Y CURVE1 :I* MAKE IT LIKE ! *OICE P>TS ( ! V]Y GR[?S ( 
      NATURE4 ,O!R GA9 IT HAS ( RI*NESS & MY/]Y1 ! MO/ NECESS>Y ( ALL ! 
      QUALITIES ( PATT]N-WORK1 ?AT )\T :I*1 9DE$1 IT MU/ BE KEPT 9 ! 
      /RICTLY SUBORD9ATE PLACE :I* ! SCI5TIFIC GOOD TA/E ( ,GREECE ALLOTT$ TO 
      IT4 ,:]E DID IT GET ?OSE QUALITIES FROM8 ,IF ! >T ( ! ,EA/ HAS BE5 :AT IT 
      HAS S9CE BECOME1 WE MI<T P]HAPS ANSW]1 FROM ! ,EA/2 BUT ?IS IS BY NO MEANS 
      ! CASE4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ?\<1 AS ,I HAVE SAID OR IMPLI$ ABOVE1 ,BYZANT9E >T 
      BORR[$ =MS FROM ,P]SIA & ,*ALDEA AT ! BACK ( H]1 NO?+ IS MORE C]TA91 
      TO MY M9D1 ?AN ?AT ,BYZANT9E >T MADE ,EA/]N >T :AT IT BECAME2 ?AT ! >T 
      ( ! ,EA/ HAS REMA9$ BEAUTIFUL SO LONG BECAUSE = SO MANY C5TURIES IT 
      PRACTIC$ ! LESSONS :I* ,NEW ,ROME FIR/ TAU<T IT4 ,9DE$1 ,I ?9K ! ,EA/ HAD 
      MU* TO DO ) ! NEW LIFE ( ?IS TRUE ,R5AISSANCE1 BUT 9DIRECTLY4 ,! 
      9FLU5CE ( ITS ?\<T1 ITS /RANGE MY/ICISM ?AT GAVE BIR? TO SU* WILD 
      CRE$S1 ITS LOOK+ T[>DS EQUALITY AMID ALL ! TYRANNY ( K+S ?AT CRU%$ 
      ALL M5 ALIKE - !SE ?+S MU/ HAVE HAD !N1 & LONG BE=E1 GREAT 9FLU5CE 
      ON M5'S ?\<TS AT ! V]GE ( ,EUROPE & ,ASIA4 
     
     

      ,BUT SURELY1 :5 WE HAVE S\<T \R UTMO/ = ! ORIG9S ( ALL ! =MS ( ?AT 
      GREAT BODY ( ! EXPRESSION ( M5'S ?\<TS :I* ,I HAVE CALL$ MOD]N >T 7Y\ 
      MAY CALL IT ,GO?IC >T IF Y\ WILL1 LITTLE AS ! ,GO?S DEALT ) IT71 :5 WE 
      HAVE S\<T & F\ND MU*1 WE %ALL /ILL HAVE TO CONFESS ?AT !RE IS NO VISIBLE 
      ORIG9 = ! ?+ ?AT GAVE LIFE TO ?OSE =MS4 ,ALL WE CAN SAY IS ?AT :5 ! 
      ,ROMAN TYRANNY GREW SICK1 :5 ?AT RECURR+ CURSE ( ! WORLD1 A DOM9ANT RACE1 
      BEGAN = A TIME TO BE %AK5 FROM ITS HOLD1 M5 BEGAN TO LONG = ! FRE$OM ( 
      >T2 & ?AT1 EV5 AMID ! CONFUSION & RUD5ESS ( A TIME :5 ONE 
      CIVILIZATION WAS BREAK+ UP ?AT ANO!R MI<T BE BORN ( IT1 ! MI<TY IMPULSE 
      :I* ?IS LONG+ GAVE TO ! EXPRESSION ( ?\<T CREAT$ SPE$ILY A GLORI\S 
      >T1 FULL ( GR[? & HOPE1 9 ! ONLY =M :I* 9 SU* A TIME >T C\LD TAKE1 
      >*ITECTURE TO WIT2 :I*1 ( ALL ! =MS ( >T1 IS ?AT :I* SPR+S DIRECT 
      FROM POPUL> IMPULSE1 FROM ! P>TN]%IP ( ALL M51 GREAT & LITTLE1 9 WOR?Y 
      & EXALT+ ASPIRATIONS4 
     
     

      ,SO WAS MOD]N OR ,GO?IC >T CREAT$2 & NEV]1 TILL ! TIME ( ?AT DEA? OR 
      CATALEPTIC SLEEP ( ! SO-CALL$ ,R5AISSANCE1 DID IT =GET ITS ORIG91 OR FAIL 
      ALTOGE!R 9 FULFILL+ ITS MISSION ( TURN+ ! ANCI5T CURSE ( LABOR 9TO 
      SOME?+ MORE LIKE A BLESS+4 ,AS TO ! WAY 9 :I* IT DID ITS WORK1 AS ,I HAVE 
      NO TIME1 SO ALSO ,I HAVE BUT LITTLE NE$ TO SPEAK1 S9CE !RE IS NONE ( US BUT HAS 
      SE5 & FELT SOME PORTION ( ! GLORY :I* IS LEFT BEH9D1 BUT HAS %>$ SOME 
      PORTION ( ?AT MO/ K9D GIFT IT GAVE ! WORLD2 = EV5 9 ?IS \R TURBUL5T 
      ISL&1 ! HOME ( R\< & HOMELY M51 SO F> AWAY FROM ! C5T]S ( >T & 
      ?\<T :I* ,I HAVE BE5 SPEAK+ (1 DID SIMPLE FOLK LABOR = ?OSE ?AT %\LD 
      COME AFT] !M4 ,H]E1 9 ! L& WE YET LOVE1 !Y BUILT !IR HOMES & TEMPLES2 
      IF NOT SO MAJE/ICALLY AS MANY PEOPLES HAVE DONE1 YET 9 SU* SWEET ACCORD ) ! 
      FAMILI> NATURE AMID :I* !Y DWELT1 ?AT :5 BY SOME HAPPY *ANCE WE COME 
      ACROSS ! WORK !Y WR\<T1 UNT\*$ BY ANY BUT NATURAL *ANGE1 IT FILLS US ) 
      A SATISFY+ UNTR\BL$ HAPP9ESS ?AT FEW ?+S ELSE C\LD BR+ US4 ,MU/ \R 
      NECESSITIES DE/ROY1 MU/ \R RE/LESS AMBITION M>1 ! S\RCES ( ?IS 9NOC5T 
      PLEASURE1 :I* RI* & POOR MAY %>E ALIKE1 ?IS COMMUNION ) ! V]Y HE>TS 
      ( DEP>T$ M58 ,MU/ WE SWEEP AWAY !SE T\*+ MEMORIES ( \R /\T 
      =EFA!RS & !IR TR\BL\S DAYS1 ?AT WON \R PRES5T PEACE & LIB]TIES8 ,IF 
      \R NECESSITIES COMPEL US TO IT1 ,I SAY WE >E AN UNHAPPY PEOPLE2 IF \R VANITY LURE 
      US 9TO IT1 ,I SAY WE >E A FOOLI% & LI<T-M9D$ PEOPLE1 :O HAVE NOT ! WITS 
      TO TAKE A LITTLE TR\BLE TO AVOID SPOIL+ \R [N GOODS4 ,\R [N GOODS8 ,YES1 ! 
      GOODS ( ! PEOPLE ( ,5GL&1 N[ & 9 TIME TO COME2 WE :O >E N[ ALIVE >E 
      BUT LIFE-R5T]S ( !M4 ,ANY ( US :O PRET5D TO ANY CULTURE KN[ WELL ?AT1 9 
      DE/ROY+ OR 9JUR+ ONE ( !SE BUILD+S1 WE >E DE/ROY+ ! PLEASURE1 ! 
      CULTURE1 9 A WORD1 ! HUMANITY ( UNBORN G5]ATIONS4 ,IT IS SPEAK+ V]Y MILDLY 
      TO SAY ?AT WE HAVE NO RI<T TO DO ?IS = \R TEMPOR>Y CONV5I5CE2 IT IS 
      SPEAK+ TOO MILDLY4 ,I SAY ANY SU* DE/RUCTION IS AN ACT ( BRUTAL DI%ONE/Y4 ,DO 
      Y\ ?9K SU* A CAUTION IS UNNECESS>Y8 H[ ,I WI% ?AT ,I C\LD ?9K SO6 ,IT IS A 
      GRIEV\S ?+ TO HAVE TO SAY1 BUT SAY IT ,I MU/1 ?AT ! ONE MO/ BEAUTIFUL CITY 
      ( ,5GL&1 ! CITY ( ,OX=D1 HAS BE5 RAVAG$ = MANY YE>S PA/1 NOT ONLY BY 
      IGNORANT & 9T]E/$ TRADESM51 BUT BY ! ,UNIV]SITY & ,COLLEGE AU?ORITIES4 
      ,?OSE :OSE SPECIAL BUS9ESS IT IS TO DIRECT ! CULTURE ( ! NATION HAVE TREAT$ 
      ! BEAUTY ( ,OX=D AS IF IT W]E A MATT] ( NO MOM5T1 AS IF !IR COMM]CIAL 
      9T]E/S MI<T ?RU/ IT ASIDE )\T ANY CONSID]ATION4 ,TO MY M9D 9 SO DO+ 
      !Y HAVE DISGRAC$ !MSELVES4 
     
     

      ,= ! RE/1 ,I WILL SAY IT1 ?AT ,I ?9K ! POOR REMA9S ( \R ANCI5T BUILD+S 
      9 !MSELVES1 AS MEMORIALS ( HI/ORY & WORKS ( >T1 >E WOR? MORE ?AN ANY 
      TEMPOR>Y USE !Y CAN BE PUT TO4 ,YES1 APPLY IT TO ,OX=D IF Y\ PLEASE4 ,!RE >E 
      MANY PLACES 9 ,5GL& :]E A Y\NG MAN MAY GET AS GOOD BOOK-LE>N+ AS 9 
      ,OX=D2 NOT ONE :]E HE CAN RECEIVE ! $UCATION :I* ! LOVEL9ESS ( ! GRAY 
      CITY US$ TO GIVE US4 ,CALL ?IS S5TIM5T IF Y\ PLEASE1 BUT Y\ KN[ ?AT IT IS 
      TRUE4 ,BE=E ,I GO FUR!R LET ME TELL Y\ ?AT \R ,SOCIETY HAS HAD MU* TO DO 9 
      CASES ( :AT ,I %\LD CALL ! COMM]CIAL DE/RUCTION ( BUILD+S2 ?AT WE HAVE 
      C>EFULLY EXAM9$ !SE CASES TO SEE IF WE HAD ANY GR\ND TO /& ON = 
      RESI/+ ! DE/RUCTION2 ?AT WE HAVE >GU$ ! MATT] ?READB>E ON ALL SIDES2 
      & ?AT ABOVE ALL WE HAVE ALWAYS TRI$ TO SUGGE/ SOME POSSIBLE USE ?AT ! 
      BUILD+S C\LD BE PUT TO4 ,AS A BRAN* ( ?IS SUBJECT1 ,I MU/ ASK LEAVE TO ADD1 AT 
      ! RISK ( WE>Y+ Y\1 ?AT ! ,SOCIETY HAS TAK5 GREAT PA9S 7& BE5 
      SOMETIMES CALL$ RUDE = IT1 IF ?AT MATT]$7 TO TRY TO GET GU>DIANS ( ANCI5T 
      BUILD+S TO REPAIR !IR BUILD+S4 ,= WE KN[ WELL1 BY DOLEFUL EXP]I5CE1 H[ 
      QUICKLY A BUILD+ GETS 9FIRM IF IT BE NEGLECT$4 ,!RE >E PL5TY ( CASES :]E 
      A P>I% OR A P>SON WILL SP5D TWO OR ?REE ?\S& P\NDS ON ECCLESIA/ICAL 
      F9]Y = A *UR*1 & LET ! RA9 SAP ! RO( ALL ! :ILE2 SU* ?+S >E 
      APT TO MAKE ! MO/ POLITE PEOPLE RUDE4 
     
     

      ,I HAVE ONE LA/ WORD TO SAY ON ! BE=E-M5TION$ RE/LESS VANITY ?AT SO (T5 
      M>S ! GIFT \R FA!RS HAVE GIV5 US4 ,ITS RESULTS HAVE A TE*NICAL NAME N[1 & 
      >E CALL$ ,RE/ORATION4 ,DON'T BE AFRAID4 ,I AM GO+ TO SAY V]Y LITTLE AB\T IT2 MY 
      PLEA AGA9/ IT IS V]Y SIMPLE4 ,I HAVE PLEAD$ IT BE=E1 BUT IT SEEMS TO ME SO 
      UNANSW]ABLE ?AT ,I WILL DO SO AGA91 EV5 IF IT BE 9 ! SAME WORDS4 ,YET FIR/ 
      LET ME SAY ?IS3 ,I LOVE >T1 & ,I LOVE HI/ORY2 BUT IT IS LIV+ >T & LIV+ 
      HI/ORY ?AT ,I LOVE4 ,IF WE HAVE NO HOPE = ! FUTURE1 ,I DO NOT SEE H[ WE CAN 
      LOOK BACK ON ! PA/ ) PLEASURE4 ,IF WE >E TO BE LESS ?AN M5 9 TIME TO COME1 
      LET US =GET ?AT WE HAVE EV] BE5 M54 ,IT IS 9 ! 9T]E/ ( LIV+ >T & 
      LIV+ HI/ORY ?AT ,I OPPOSE SO-CALL$ RE/ORATION4 ,:AT HI/ORY CAN !RE BE 9 A 
      BUILD+ B$AUB$ ) ORNAM5T1 :I* CANNOT AT ! BE/ BE ANY?+ BUT A 
      HOPELESS & LIFELESS IMITATION ( ! HOPE & VIGOR ( ! E>LI] WORLD8 ,AS TO 
      ! >T ?AT IS CONC]N$ 9 IT1 A /RANGE FOLLY IT SEEMS TO ME = US :O LIVE 
      AMONG !SE BRICK5 MASSES ( HIDE\SNESS TO WA/E ! 5]GIES ( \R %ORT LIVES 
      9 FEEBLY TRY+ TO ADD NEW BEAUTY TO :AT IS ALREADY BEAUTIFUL4 ,IS ?AT ALL ! 
      SURG]Y WE HAVE = ! CUR+ ( ,5GL&'S SPREAD+ SORE8 ,DON'T LET US VEX 
      \RSELVES TO CURE ! ANTEP5ULTIMATE BLUND]S ( ! WORLD1 BUT FALL TO ON \R [N 
      BLUND]S4 ,LET US LEAVE ! DEAD ALONE1 &1 \RSELVES ! LIV+1 BUILD = ! 
      LIV+ & ?OSE ?AT %ALL LIVE4 
     
     

      ,MEANTIME1 MY PLEA = \R ,SOCIETY IS ?IS1 ?AT S9CE IT IS DISPUT$ :E!R 
      RE/ORATION BE GOOD OR NOT1 & S9CE WE >E CONFESS$LY LIV+ 9 A TIME :5 
      >*ITECTURE HAS COME ON ! ONE H& TO J]RY-BUILD+1 & ON ! O!R TO 
      EXP]IM5TAL DESIGN+ 7GOOD1 V]Y GOOD EXP]IM5TS SOME ( !M71 LET US TAKE 
      BREA? & WAIT2 LET US S$UL\SLY REPAIR \R ANCI5T BUILD+S1 & WAT* EV]Y 
      /ONE ( !M AS IF !Y W]E BUILT ( JEWELS 7AS 9DE$ !Y >E71 BUT O!RWISE 
      LET ! DISPUTE RE/ TILL WE HAVE ONCE MORE LE>N$ >*ITECTURE1 TILL WE ONCE MORE 
      HAVE AMONG US A REASONABLE1 NOBLE1 & UNIV]SALLY US$ /YLE4 ,!N LET ! DISPUTE 
      BE SETTL$4 ,I AM NOT AFRAID ( ! ISSUE4 ,IF ?AT DAY EV] COMES1 WE %ALL KN[ 
      :AT BEAUTY1 ROMANCE1 & HI/ORY MEAN1 & ! TE*NICAL MEAN+ ( ! WORD 
      RE/ORATION WILL BE =GOTT54 ,IS NOT ?IS A REASONABLE PLEA8 ,IT MEANS PRUD5CE4 ,IF 
      ! BUILD+S >E NOT WOR? ANY?+ !Y >E NOT WOR? RE/OR+2 IF !Y >E 
      WOR? ANY?+1 !Y >E AT LEA/ WOR? TREAT+ ) COMMON S5SE & PRUD5CE4 
      ,COME N[1 ,I 9VITE Y\ TO SUPPORT ! MO/ PRUD5T ,SOCIETY 9 ALL ,5GL&4 
     
  
       ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ,NOTE 
     
     
       ,TITLE 
     
     

    ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,PATT]N ,DESIGN+  
    
    
        ,DELIV]IES 
    
    

    #a4 #h? ,APRIL #ahgi  BE=E ! ,TRADES ,GUILD ( ,LE>N+ 
 AT ! ,COOP]ATIVE ,9/ITUTE1 ,CA/LE ,/REET1 ,OX=D ,/REET1 
 ,LONDON 
    

 #b4 #b#cRD ,FEBRU>Y #ahhb AT ! ,K5S+TON ,VE/RY ,HALL1 ,LONDON1 ON BEHALF ( ! ,S,P,A,B  
   
    
         ,PUBLICATION 
    
    

   ,! ,COLLECT$ ,WORKS ( ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 7#a#i#a-#a#i#a#e71 ,M4 ,MORRIS1 ,$4 7,VOL4 #b#b74 ,LONDON3 ,LONGMANS1 ,GRE5 @& ,CO4 
    

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b1 #bba 3 ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,PATT]N-,DESIGN+ -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,PATT]N-,DESIGN+ -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/