,*APT] #e 
,F9AL ,ABOLITION ( ! ,FEUDAL ,RI<TS 

#aiiaii 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,G&ALF'S ,GALL]Y1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,S,A ,LIC5SE ,GIROND9S OPPOSE ABOLITION ( FEUDAL RI<TS -- ,DECREE ( ,JULY #ag -- ,FEUDAL LAWS ABOLI%$ 5 MASSE -- ,REACTION UNABLE TO PREV5T EFFECT ( DECREE -- ,TRIUMPH ( ,REVOLUTION 

,AS SOON AS ROYALTY WAS ABOLI%$1 ! ,CONV5TION HAD TO DISCUSS 9 ITS FIR/ SITT+S ! QUE/ION ( ! FEUDAL RI<TS4 ,H[EV]1 AS ! ,GIROND9S W]E OPPOS$ TO ! ABOLITION ( !SE RI<TS )\T 9DEMNITY1 & YET PROPOS$ NO S*EME ( R$EMPTION :I* W\LD BE B9D+ ON ! LORDS1 ! :OLE MATT] REMA9$ 9 SUSP5SE4 ,BUT ?IS WAS ! MA91 ! ALL-ABSORB+ QUE/ION = MU* MORE ?AN ONE-HALF ( ! POPULATION ( ,FRANCE1 :O ASK$ !MSELVES ) ANXIETY3 0 ,IS IT POSSIBLE ?AT ! PEASANT %ALL HAVE TO SET HIS NECK AGA9 UND] ! FEUDAL YOKE1 & AGA9 5DURE ! HORRORS ( FAM9E-AS SOON AS ! REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD IS OV]80 

,WE HAVE JU/ SE5 ?AT IMM$IATELY AFT] ! ,GIRONDI/ LEAD]S HAD BE5 EXPELL$ FROM ! ,CONV5TION1 ! DECREE :I* RE/OR$ ! COMMUNAL L&S TO ! COMMUNES WAS PASS$2 BUT ! ,CONV5TION /ILL HESITAT$ TO LEGISLATE AB\T ! FEUDAL RI<TS4 ,IT WAS ONLY ON ,JULY #a#g1 #a#g#i#c1 ?AT AT LA/ IT DECID$ TO /RIKE ! GREAT BL[ :I* WAS TO SET A SEAL UPON ! ,REVOLUTION BY LEGALIZ+ ! ATTA9M5T ( ONE ( ITS TWO *IEF OBJECTIVES-! COMPLETE ABOLITION ( ! FEUDAL RI<TS4 

,ROYALTY CEAS$ TO EXI/ ON ,JANU>Y #b#d1 #a#g#i#c1 & N[1 ON ,JULY #a#g1 #a#g#i#c1 ! LAW ( ,FRANCE CEAS$ TO RECOGNIZE ! RI<TS ( ! FEUDAL LORDS-! S]VITUDE ( ONE MAN TO ANO!R4 

,! DECREE ( ,JULY #ag WAS QUITE EXPLICIT4 ,! DI/9CTIONS E/ABLI%$ BY ! TWO PREC$+ ,ASSEMBLIES BETWE5 ! DIFF]5T FEUDAL RI<TS1 9 ! HOPE ( MA9TA9+ P>T ( !M1 W]E ANNULL$4 ,EV]Y RI<T BAS$ UPON ! FEUDAL LAW SIMPLY CEAS$ TO EXI/4 

0,ALL DUES =M]LY SEIGNIORIAL1 FEUDAL RI<TS1 BO? FIX$ & CASUAL1 EV5 ?OSE RES]V$ BY ! DECREE ( ,AUGU/ #be LA/1 >E SUPPRESS$ )\T 9DEMNITY10 SO RAN ! DECREE4 #a ,!RE WAS NO EXCEPTION2 !RE REMA9$ ONLY ?OSE R5TS & LABOR DUES ?AT W]E PAID PURELY = ! L&1 & W]E NOT ( FEUDAL ORIG94 #b 

,?US ! ASSIMILATION ( FEUDAL R5TS TO GR\ND R5TS1 :I* HAD BE5 E/ABLI%$ 9 #a<i & #a#g#i1 WAS COMPLETELY BLOTT$ \T4 ,IF ANY R5T OR OBLIGATION HAD A FEUDAL ORIG91 IT WAS ABOLI%$ IRREVOCABLY & )\T 9DEMNITY4 ,! LAW ( #agi HAD DECL>$ ?AT IF ANY ONE LEAS$ A PIECE ( L&1 HE C\LD PUR*ASE IT BY PAY+ A SUM EQUIVAL5T TO TW5TY OR TW5TY-FIVE TIMES ! ANNUAL R5T2 & ?IS CONDITION WAS ACCEPT$ BY ! PEASANTS4 ,BUT1 ADD$ ! LAW1 IF BESIDES ! GR\ND R5T ! [N] HAD IMPOS$ ANY DUE ( A FEUDAL *>ACT]-A F9E1 = 9/ANCE1 ON ALL SALES & 9H]ITANCES1 ANY K9D ( PL$GE OR TAX :I* REPRES5T$ A P]SONAL OBLIGATION ON ! F>M] TO ! L&LORD1 SU* AS ! OBLIGATION TO USE ! MILL OR W9E-PRESS BELONG+ TO ! LORD1 OR A LIMITATION ON ! RI<T ( SALE ( PRODUCE1 OR A TRIBUTE \T ( ! CROPS1 OR EV5 A PAYM5T TO BE MADE AT ! TIME ( BREAK+ ! LEASE1 OR :5 ! L& *ANG$ [N]S-ALL DUES1 SU* AS !SE1 HAD TO BE R$EEM$ AT ! SAME TIME AS ! GR\ND R5T4 

,BUT ?IS TIME ! ,CONV5TION /RUCK A REALLY REVOLUTION>Y BL[4 ,IT W\LD HAVE NONE ( !SE SUBTLETIES4 ,DOES Y\R F>M] HOLD HIS L& UND] AN OBLIGATION ( A FEUDAL *>ACT]8 ,IF SO1 :ATEV] Y\ CALL ?IS OBLIGATION1 IT IS SUPPRESS$ )\T 9DEMNITY4 ,OR IT MAY BE ! F>M] PAYS A GR\ND R5T :I* HAS NO?+ FEUDAL AB\T IT1 BUT BESIDE ?IS R5T Y\ HAVE IMPOS$ ON HIM A PL$GE OR A TAX OR SOME K9D ( FEUDAL DUE4 ,9 ?AT CASE1 HE BECOMES ! [N] ( ! L& )\T [+ Y\ ANY?+ :ATSOEV]4 

,BUT ! [N] MI<T REPLY1 ! OBLIGATION WAS M]ELY NOM9AL4 ,SO MU* ! WORSE4 ,Y\ 9T5D$ TO MAKE A VASSAL ( Y\R F>M]2 HE IS !RE=E FREE & 9 FULL POSSESSION ( ! L& TO :I* ! FEUDAL OBLIGATION WAS ATTA*$1 )\T [+ Y\ ANY?+4 ,ORD9>Y 9DIVIDUALS1 ,M4 ,SAGNAC SAYS1 0EI!R ?R\< VANITY OR BY =CE ( CU/OM EMPLOY$ ?IS PROSCRIB$ =M1 & 9 ! LEASES !Y GRANT$ /IPULAT$ = SOME TRIFL+ F9E OR SMALL TAX ON SALES & PUR*ASES0#c-!Y WANT$ M]ELY TO PLAY ! LORD4 

,SO MU* ! WORSE = !M4 ,! ,CONV5TION DID NOT 9QUIRE :E!R !Y WANT$ TO PLAY ! LORD OR TO BECOME ONE4 ,IT KNEW ?AT ALL ! FEUDAL DUES HAD BE5 TRIFL+ & CU/OM>Y AT FIR/1 ONLY TO GR[ V]Y OPPRESSIVE 9 ! C\RSE ( TIME4 ,SU* A CONTRACT WAS AS MU* T+$ ) FEUDALISM AS ?OSE ?AT HAD S]V$ 9 C5TURIES PA/ TO 5?RALL$ ! PEASANTS2 ! ,CONV5TION SAW 9 IT ! M>K ( FEUDALISM1 & !RE=E IT GAVE ! L& TO ! PEASANT :O R5T$ IT1 )\T ASK+ ANY 9DEMNITY = IT4 

,MORE ?AN ?IS3 IT ORD]$ ?AT 0 ALL ! TITLE-DE$S :I* ACKN[L$G$ ! N[ ABOLI%$ DUES %\LD HE DE/ROY$40 #d ,LORDS1 NOT>IES1 L&-COMMISSION]S1 HAD ALL1 )9 ?REE MON?S1 TO BR+ ?OSE TITLE-DE$S & *>T]S :I* GAVE ONE CLASS P[] OV] ANO!R TO ! RECORD (FICE ( !IR MUNICIPALITY1 !RE TO BE ?R[N 9 A HEAP & BURN$4 ,:AT ! PEASANTS HAD DONE DUR+ !IR REVOLT 9 #a#g#h#i1 AT ! RISK ( BE+ HANG$1 WAS N[ TO BE DONE BY LAW4 0,FIVE YE>S 9 IRONS = EV]Y DEPOSITORY CONVICT$ ( HAV+ CONCEAL$1 SUBTRACT$ OR KEPT BACK ! ORIG9ALS OR COPIES ( SU* DE$S40 ,MANY DE$S ( ?AT SORT PROV$ ! RI<T ( FEUDAL ,/ATE-[N]%IP OV] C]TA9 L&S1 = ! ,/ATE1 TOO1 HAD =M]LY ITS S]FS1 & LAT] ITS VASSALS4 ,BUT ?AT DID NOT MATT]4 ,! FEUDAL RI<TS MU/ & %ALL DISAPPE>4 ',:AT ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY HAD DONE ) ! FEUDAL TITLES-PR9CE1 C\NT1 M>QUIS-! ,CONV5TION WAS N[ DO+ ) ! PECUNI>Y RI<TS ( FEUDALISM4 

,SIX MON?S LAT]1 ON ! #h? ,PLUVIOSE1 ,YE> ,I,I4 7,JANU>Y #b#g1 #a#g#i#d71 9 RESPONSE TO NUM]\S PROTE/S1 *IEFLY ON ! P>T ( ! NOT>IES :O HAD RECORD$ 9 ! SAME BOOKS1 & (T5 ON ! SAME PAGE1 ! DUES ATTA*+ M]ELY TO ! L& & ! FEUDAL DUES1 ! ,CONV5TION CONS5T$ TO SUSP5D ! WORK+ ( ,>TICLE #f1 & ! MUNICIPALITIES W]E P]MITT$ TO KEEP ! MIX$ TITLE-DE$S 9 !IR >*IVES4 ,BUT ! LAW ,( ,JULY #ag REMA9$ 9TACT1 & ONCE MORE1 ON ! #b#i? ,FLOREAL1 ,YE> #a#a4 7,MAY #a#h1 #a#g#i#d71 ! ,CONV5TION CONFIRM$ ! DECREE ?AT ALL R5TS 0T+$ ) ! SLI<TE/ TRACE ( FEUDALISM 0 W]E TO BE SUPPRESS$ )\T 9DEMNITY4 

,IT IS MO/ REM>KABLE ?AT ! REACTION :I* TOOK ! UPP] H& S9CE #agid WAS QUITE UNABLE TO ABOLI% ! EFFECT ( ?IS REVOLUTION>Y MEASURE4 ,IT IS A LONG WAY1 AS WE HAVE ALREADY SAID1 FROM ! WRITT5 LAW TO ITS C>RY+ 9TO ACTUAL EFFECT4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 :]EV] ! PEASANTS HAD NOT RIS5 AGA9/ !IR LORDS1 :]EV] !Y HAD TURN$ AGA9/ ! SANS-CULOTTES1 AS 9 ,LA ,V5DEE1 UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ! LORDS & ! PRIE/S1 :]EV] !IR VILLAGE MUNICIPALITIES REMA9$ 9 ! H&S ( ! PRIE/S & ! RI*-!RE ! DECREES ( ,JUNE #aa & ,JULY #ag W]E NOT APPLI$ ,9 !SE REGIONS ! PEASANTS DID NOT REGA9 POSSESSION ( !IR COMMUNAL L&S4 ,!Y DID NOT BECOME ! [N]S ( ! L&S !Y HELD ON FEUDAL LEASE FROM !IR EX-FEUDAL LORDS4 ,!Y DID NOT BURN ! FEUDAL TITLE-DE$S2 & !Y DID NOT EV5 BUY ! NATIONALIZ$ L&S = FE> ( ! ,*UR*'S CURSE4 

,BUT 9 MANY PLACES-9 A GOOD HALF ( ! DEP>TM5TS-! PEASANTS DID BUY ! NATIONAL L&S2 H]E & !RE !Y EV5 COMPELL$ ! ADM9I/RATION TO SELL !M 9 SMALL LOTS4 ,!Y TOOK POSSESSION ( ! L&S !Y LEAS$ FROM !IR =M] LORDS1 &1 AFT] PLANT+ A ,MAY-TREE1 !Y DANC$ R\ND IT & BURN$ ALL ! FEUDAL DOCUM5TS4 ,!Y RETOOK1 9 FACT1 !IR COMMUNAL L&S FROM ! MONKS1 ! LOCAL B\RGEOISIE & ! LORDS-& :]E ?IS WAS DONE1 ! RETURN+ TIDE ( REACTION HAD NO P[] OV] ! ECONOMIC REVOLUTION ?AT WAS ACCOMPLI%$ 9 DE$S4 

,REACTION SET 9 ON ! #i? ,!RMIDOR1 & ) IT BEGAN ! 0BLUE0 T]ROR ( ! 5RI*$ MIDDLE CLASSES4 ,LAT] ON CAME ! ,DIRECTORY1 ! ,CONSULAT1 ! ,EMPIRE1 ! ,RE/ORATION1 :* SWEPT AWAY ! GREAT] P>T ( ! DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,BUT ?IS P>T ( ! WORK ACCOMPLI%$ BY ! ,REVOLUTION REMA9$3 IT RESI/$ ALL ATTACKS4 ,! REACTION WAS ABLE TO DE/ROY1 UP TO A C]TA9 PO9T1 ! POLITICAL WORK ( ! ,REVOLUTION2 BUT ITS ECONOMIC WORK SURVIV$4 ,& ! NEW1 TRANSFIGUR$ NATION1 :I* HAD BE5 =M$ DUR+ ! REVOLUTION>Y TURMOIL1 ALSO REMA9$ & SET ITSELF H>D TO WORK4 

,ANO!R ?+4 ,:5 WE /UDY ! ECONOMIC RESULTS ( ! ,GREAT ,REVOLUTION1 AS IT WAS ACCOMPLI%$ 9 ,FRANCE1 WE COMPREH5D ! VA/ DIFF]5CE !RE IS BETWE5 ! ABOLITION ( FEUDALISM ACCOMPLI%$ BUREAUCRATICALLY BY ! FEUDAL ,/ATE ITSELF1 AS WAS DONE 9 ,PRUSSIA 9 #a#h#d#h1 OR 9 ,RUSSIA 9 #a#h#f#a1 & ! ABOLITION ACCOMPLI%$ BY A POPUL> REVOLUTION4 ,9 ,PRUSSIA & ,RUSSIA ! PEASANTS W]E FRE$ FROM FEUDAL DUES & COMPULSORY LABOR ONLY BY LOS+ A CONSID]ABLE P>T ( ! L&S !Y POSSESS$ & BY CONS5T+ TO PAY A HEAVY 9DEMNITY :I* RU9$ !M4 ,TO BECOME FREE PROP]TY-[N]S1 !Y IMPOV]I%$ !MSELVES2 :ILE ! LORDS1 :O AT FIR/ RESI/$ ! RE=M1 DREW FROM IT1 AT LEA/ 9 ! F]TILE REGIONS1 UNHOP$-= ADVANTAGES4 ,NE>LY EV]Y:]E 9 ,EUROPE ! RE=M ?AT ABOLI%$ ! FEUDAL S]VITUDE 9CREAS$ ! P[] ( ! LORDS4 

,9 ,FRANCE ALONE1 :]E ! ABOLITION ( ! FEUDAL SY/EM WAS C>RI$ \T BY A REVOLUTION1 ! *ANGE HAS ACT$ AGA9/ ! LORDS1 AS AN ECONOMIC & POLITICAL CA/E1 TO ! ADVANTAGE ( ! GREAT MASS ( ! PEASANTS4 

 ,FOOTNOTES  

  

#a,>TICLE ,I ( ! DECREE ( ,JULY #a#g1 #a#g#i#c4 

#b,>TICLE #b4 

#c,PH4 ,SAGNAC1 LOC4 CIT4 P4 #a#d#g1 

#d,>TICLE #d4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aih 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #a#i1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,ADD$4 

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