,*APT] #db 
,CAUSES ( ! ,RIS+ ON ,MAY #ca 

#aiiaii 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

,/RUGGLE BETWE5 0,M\NTA90 & 0,GIRONDE0 -- ,MOM5T\S QUE/IONS -- ,9ACTIVITY ( ,CONV5TION -- ,MONTAGN>DS -- ,ROBESPI]RE -- ,C\NT]-REVOLUTION GA9S GR\ND -- ,DIRECTORIES ( DEP>TM5TS & DI/RICTS -- ,NEW ,COMMUNE -- ,GR[? ( ,POPUL> ,SOCIETIES1 ,FRAT]NAL ,SOCIETIES & ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEES -- ,F$]ALISM -- ,C5TRALIZATION -- ,GIRONDE & 0,M\NTA90 

,DUR+ ! E>LY P>T ( #a#g#i#c1 ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! 0,M\NTA9 0 & ! 0 ,GIRONDE 0 GREW DAILY MORE 5V5OM$ ACCORD+ AS !SE ?REE GREAT QUE/IONS PRES5T$ !MSELVES TO ,FRANCE4 

,FIR/3 ,W]E ALL ! FEUDAL DUES TO BE ABOLI%$ )\T R$EMPTION1 OR W]E !SE SURVIVALS ( FEUDALISM TO CONT9UE TO />VE ! F>M] & P>ALYZE AGRICULTURE8 ,?IS WAS ! BURN+ QUE/ION :I* MEANT SO MU* TO AN AGRICULTURAL POPULATION ( NE>LY TW5TY MILLIONS1 9CLUD+ ?OSE :O HAD B\<T ! GREAT] P>T ( ! NATIONAL L&S TAK5 FROM ! CL]GY & ! EMIGRANT NOBLES4 

,SECONDLY3 ,W]E ! VILLAGES TO RETA9 POSSESSION ( ! COMMUNAL L&S :I* !Y HAD RETAK5 FROM ! LORDS8 ,W\LD ! RI<T ( RESUM+ POSSESSION BE RECOGNIZ$ = ?OSE ,COMMUNES ?AT HAD NOT ALREADY DONE SO ,W\LD ! RI<T ( EV]Y CITIZ5 TO ! L& BE ADMITT$8 

,& ?IRDLY3 ,WAS ! MAXIMUM GO+ TO BE 9TRODUC$1 :I* MEANT ! FIX+ ( ! PRICE ( BREAD & O!R COMMODITIES ( PRIME NECESSITY8 

,!SE ?REE GREAT QUE/IONS W]E EXCIT+ ! :OLE ( ,FRANCE & HAD DIVID$ IT 9TO TWO HO/ILE CAMPS4 ,ON ONE SIDE W]E ?OSE :O POSSESS$ PROP]TY2 ON ! O!R1 ?OSE :O POSSESS$ NO?+! RI* & ! POOR2 ?OSE :O W]E 5RI*+ !MSELVES 9 SPITE ( MIS]Y1 SC>CITY & W>1 AN ?OSE :O W]E SUPPORT+ ! :OLE BURD5 ( ! W> & #g HAD TO /& = H\RS1 & SOMETIMES = 5TIRE NI<TS AT !1 BAK]'S DOOR1 )\T BE+ ABLE 9 ! 5D TO C>RY HOME A MORSEL ( FOOD4 

,& YET MON?S-FIVE TO EI<T MON?S-PASS$ )\T ! ,CONV5TION HAV+ DONE ANY?+ TO *ANGE ! SITUATION OR TO SOLVE ! GREAT SOCIAL PROBLEMS EVOLV$ BY ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,REVOLUTION ITSELF4 ,TIME WAS SP5T 9 5DLESS DISCUSSIONS 9 ! ,CONV5TION & HATR$ WAS 9CREAS+ BETWE5 ! TWO P>TIES1 ( :I* ONE /OOD = ! RI*1 & ! O!R DEF5D$ ! POOR1 :ILE NO AGREEM5T1 NO COMPROMISE WAS POSSIBLE BETWE5 ?OSE :O DEF5D$ PROP]TY & ?OSE :O WI%$ TO ATTACK IT4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT ! 0 ,MONTAGN>DS 0 !MSELVES HAD NO V]Y DIVID$ 9TO CLE> IDEAS AB\T ECONOMIC QUE/IONS1 & W]E DIVID$ 9TO TWO GR\PS-! ONE KN[N AS ! 0 ,5RAGES 0 BE+ ! MU* 
MORE ADVANC$ ( ! TWO4 ,! O!R GR\P1 TO :I* ,ROBESPI]RE BELONG$1 WAS 9CL9$ TO TAKE VIEWS ALMO/ AS MU* 9 DEF5SE ( PROP]TY AS W]E ?OSE ( ! ,GIROND9S CONC]N+ ! ?REE GREAT QUE/IONS JU/ M5TION$4 ,BUT LITTLE AS WE MAY SYMPA?IZE ) ,ROBESPI]RE1 IT MU/ BE ADMITT$ ?AT HE DEVELOP$ ) ! ,REVOLUTION & HE ALWAYS FELT DEEPLY = ! SUFF]+S ( ! PEOPLE4 ,9 ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY1 EV] S9CE #a#g#i#a1 HE HAD SPOK5 9 FAVOR ( RE/OR+ ! COMMUNAL L&S TO ! ,COMMUNES4 ,! MORE HE SAW ( ! PROP]TY-[N+ & COMM]CIAL SELFI%NESS ( ! MIDDLE CLASSES ! MORE OP5LY HE SID$ ) ! PEOPLE & ! REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS-) ?OSE :O W]E !N CALL$ ! 0 AN>*I/S40 

0,! FOOD NECESS>Y = ! PEOPLE10 HE DECL>$ 9 ! ,CONV5TION1 0 IS AS SACR$ AS LIFE ITSELF44 ,ALL ?AT IS NECESS>Y TO PRES]VE LIFE IS PROP]TY COMMON TO ! :OLE ( SOCIETY4 ,IT IS ONLY :AT IS 9 EXCESS ( ?IS ?AT MAY BECOME PRIVATE PROP]TY1 & MAY BE GIV5 UP TO ! 9DU/RIAL ACTIVITIES ( ! TRAD]S40 

,:AT A PITY ?AT ?IS FRANKLY COMMUNI/IC IDEA DID NOT PREVAIL1 AMONG ! N9ETE5?-C5TURY SOCIALI/S 9/EAD ( ! 0 COLLECTIVISM 0 ( ,PECQUEUR & ,VIDAL1 :I* WAS PREA*$ 9 #ahdh & IS N[ BE+ DI%$ UP AGA9 UND] ! NAME ( 0 SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM40 ,:AT MI<T NOT ! TR5D ( ! ,COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T 9 #ahga HAVE BE51 HAD IT RECOGNIZ$ AS ITS PR9CIPLE ?AT 0 ALL ?+S NECESS>Y = LIFE >E AS SACR$ AS LIFE ITSELF & REPRES5T ! COMMON PROP]TY ( ! :OLE NATION 0-IF IT HAD TAK5 AS ITS WAT*WORD ,! ,COMMUNE ORGANIZ+ CONSUMPTION & GU>ANTEE+ WELL-BE+ = ALL40 

,EV]Y:]E & ALWAYS A REVOLUTION IS MADE BY M9ORITIES4 ,EV5 AMONG ?OSE DEEPLY 9T]E/$ 9 ! ,REVOLUTION IT IS ONLY A M9ORITY ?AT DEVOTES ITSELF 5TIRELY TO IT4 ,?IS WAS ALSO ! CASE 9 ,FRANCE 9 #a#g#i#c4 

,AS SOON AS ROYALTY WAS OV]?R[N A GIGANTIC MOVEM5T WAS SET ON FOOT ?R\<\T ! PROV9CES AGA9/ ! REVOLUTIONI/S :O HAD D>$ TO FL+ D[N ! HEAD ( A ,K+ AS A DEFIANCE TO ALL ! REACTION>IES ( ,EUROPE4 ,9 ! MANOR-H\SE1 ! DRAW+-ROOM1 ! CONFESSIONAL1 ! CRY WAS3 0,:AT SC\NDRELS TO HAVE D>$ TO DO ?AT6 ,N[ !Y WILL /OP AT NO?+ !Y >E GO+ TO ROB US ( \R WEAL?1 OR ELSE GUILLOT9E US6 ,& SO ! PLOTS ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S R$\BL$ 9 VIGOR4 

,! ,*UR*1 EV]Y ,C\RT ( ,EUROPE1 ! ,5GLI% MIDDLE CLASSES1 ALL TOOK P>T 9 ! WORK ( 9TRIGUE1 PROPAG&A & CORRUPTION = ORGANIZ+ ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 

,! M>ITIME T[NS1 ESPECIALLY SU* AS ,NANTES1 ,BORDEAUX & ,M>SEILLES1 :]E !RE W]E MANY RI* M]*ANTS1 ,LYONS1 ! MANUFACTUR] ( LUXURY1 ,R\51 ! C5T] ( TRADE & 9DU/RY1 BECAME P[]FUL C5T]S ( REACTION4 ,:OLE REGIONS W]E 9FLU5C$ BY PRIE/S & EMIGRES :O HAD RETURN$ UND] FALSE NAMES1 & ALSO BY ,5GLI% & ,ORLEANI/ GOLD1 AS WELL AS BY EMISS>IES FROM ,ITALY1 ,SPA91 & ,RUSSIA4 

,! P>TY ( ! 0 ,GIRONDE 0 S]V$ AS ! RALLY+-PO9T = ?IS MASS ( REACTION1 = ! ROYALI/S KNEW P]FECTLY WELL ?AT ! ,GIROND9S1 9 SPITE ( !IR APP>5T REPUBLICANSIM1 W]E REALLY !IR ALLIES1 & ?AT !Y W]E COMPELL$ TO BE SO BY ! LOGIC ( !IR P>TY1 :I* IS ALWAYS MU* MORE P[]FUL ?AN ! P>TY LABEL4 ,& ! PEOPLE1 ON ITS SIDE1 UND]/OOD ! SITUATION P]FECTLY4 ,IT KNEW ?AT SO LONG AS ! ,GIROND9S REMA9$ 9 ! ,CONV5TION NO REAL REVOLUTION>Y MEASURE W\LD BE POSSIBLE1 & ?AT ! W> C>RI$ ON SO FEEBLY BY !SE SYB>ITES ( ! ,REVOLUTION W\LD BE PROLONG$ 9DEF9ITELY TO ! UTT] EXHAU/ION ( ,FRANCE4 ,ACCORD+LY1 !RE=E1 AS ! NECESSITY = 0 PURIFY+ ! ,CONV5TION 0 BY ! ELIM9ATION ( ! ,GIROND9S BECAME MORE & MORE EVID5T7 ! PEOPLE ON ITS SIDE TRI$ TO ORGANIZE ITSELF = ! LOCAL /RUGGLES :I* W]E IMM95T 9 EV]Y L>GE CITY & EV]Y SMALL T[N & VILLAGE4 

,WE HAVE ALREADY REM>K$ ?AT ! ,DIRECTORIES ( ! DEP>TM5TS W]E MO/LY C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y4 ,! ,DIRECTORIES ( ! DI/RICTS W]E EQUALLY SO4 ,BUT ! MUNICIPALITIES1 E/ABLI%$ BY ! LAW ( #a#g#h#i1 W]E MU* MORE DEMOCRATIC4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT :5 !Y W]E FIR/ CON/ITUT$ 9 ! SUMM] ,( #a#g#h#i1 !Y M]CILESSLY REPRESS$ ! PEASANT REVOLTS4 ,BUT1 AS ! ,REVOLUTION DEVELOP$1 ! MUNICIPALITIES1 ELECT$ BY ! PEOPLE (T5 9 ! MID/ ( 9SURRECTION>Y DI/URBANCES & UND] ! SUP]VISION ( ! ,POPUL> ,SOCIETIES1 GRADUALLY BECAME MORE REVOLUTION>Y4 

,9 ,P>IS1 PREVI\S TO ,AUGU/ #a1 ! C\NCIL ( ! ,COMMUNE HAD BE5 COMPOS$ ( MIDDLE-CLASS DEMOCRATS4 ,BUT DUR+ ! NI<T ( ,AUGU/ #a1 A NEW REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMUNE WAS ELECT$ BY ! =TY-EI<T SECTIONS1 & AL?\< ! ,CONV5TION1 AT ! 9/ANCE ( ! ,GIROND9S1 HAD DISSOLV$ ?IS ,COMMUNE1 ! NEW ,COMMUNE ELECT$ ON ,DECEMB] #b1 #a#g#i#b1 ) ITS PROCURATOR1 ,*AUMETTE1 ITS DEPUTY-PROCURATOR1 ,HEB]T1 & ITS MAYOR1 ,PA*E 7:O WAS APPO9T$ SOME:AT LAT]71 WAS A FRANKLY REVOLUTION>Y BODY4 

,AN ELECT$ BODY ( (FICIALS 9VE/$ ) P[]S SO EXT5SIVE & SO DIV]SE AS ?OSE 5TRU/$ TO ! C\NCIL ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE W\LD HAVE C]TA9LY 9CL9$ BY DEGREES T[>DS A MOD]ATE POLICY4 ,BUT ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS HAD1 9 ! SECTIONS1 C5T]S = REVOLUTION>Y ACTION4- ,!SE SECTIONS1 H[EV]1 ACCORD+ AS !Y >ROGAT$ TO '!MSELVES V>I\S POLITICAL P[]S1 SU* AS ! RI<T ( DI/RIBUT+ C>DS ( CITIZ5%IP TO %[ ?AT ! RECIPI5T WAS NOT A ROYALI/ CONSPIRATOR1 ! APPO9T+ ( VOLUNTE]S TO FI<T 9 ,LA ,V5DEE1 & SO ON!SE V]Y SECTIONS1 :OSE ,COMMITTEE ( ,PUBLIC ,WELF>E & ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,G5]AL ,SAFETY W]E WORK+ TO MAKE !M POLITICAL ORGANS1 9 !IR TURN SOON 9CL9$ TO (FICIALISM & CONS]VATISM4 ,9 #a#g#i#e1 !Y BECAME1 9 FACT1 ! RALLY+ PO9TS = ! MIDDLE-CLASS REACTION4 

,?IS IS :Y A NETWORK ( ,POPUL> ,SOCIETIES & ,FRAT]NAL ,SOCIETIES1 AS WELL AS ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEES1 WAS CON/ITUT$ SIDE BY SIDE ) ! ,COMMUNE & ! SECTIONS TO BECOME1 AFT] ! EXPULSION ( ! ,GIROND9S 9 ! ,YE> ,I,I4 ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 A REAL P[] = ACTION4 ,ALL !SE GR\PS F$]AT$ ) EA* O!R1 EI!R = MOM5T>Y PURPOSES OR = CONT9U\S ACTION1 & !Y 5DEAVOR$ TO PUT !MSELVES 9 T\* ) ! ?IRTY-SIX ?\S& COMMUNES ( ,FRANCE4 ,= ?IS PURPOSE !Y ORGANIZ$ A SPECIAL CORRESPOND5CE BUREAU4 

,A NEW1 FREELY CON/ITUT$ ,ORGANIZATION ?US CAME 9TO EXI/5CE4 ,& :5 WE /UDY !SE GR\P+S-!SE 0 FREE UND]/&+S10 WE %\LD SAY N[-WE SEE BE=E US ! REALIZATION ( :AT ! MOD]N AN>*I/ GR\PS 9 ,FRANCE >E ADVOCAT+ )\T EV5 KN[+ ?AT !IR GR&FA!RS HAD ALREADY PUT IT 9TO PRACTICE DUR+ SO TRAGIC A MOM5T ( ! ,REVOLUTION AS WAS ! E>LY P>T ( #a#g#i#c4#a 

,! MAJORITY ( HI/ORIANS 9 SYMPA?Y ) ! ,REVOLUTION1 :5 !Y COME TO ! TRAGIC /RUGGLE :I* WAS F\<T \T BETWE5 ! 0 ,M\NTA9 0 & ! 0 ,GIRONDE 0 9 #a#g#i#c1 DWELL TOO MU*1 IT SEEMS TO ME1 ON ! SECOND>Y ASPECTS ( ?IS /RUGGLE4 ,!Y ATTA* TOO MU* IMPORTANCE TO ! SO-CALL$ F$]ALISM ( ! ,GIROND9S4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT AFT] ,MAY #c#a1 :5 ! ,GIRONDI/ & ROYALI/ 9SURRECTIONS BROKE \T 9 SEV]AL DEP>TM5TS1 ! WORD 0 F$]ALISM 0 EMBODI$ 9 CONTEMPOR>Y DOCUM5TS ! *IEF >TICLE ( ACCUSATION US$ BY ! #aa ,M\NTA9 0 P>TY AGA9/ ! ,GIROND9S4 ,BUT ?IS WORD HAD BECOME A M]E CAT*-WORD1 A P>TY BADGE1 & WAS 9 REALITY ONLY A BATTLE-CRY GOOD 5\< TO USE AGA9/ ONE'S ADV]S>IES1 & AS SU* IT S]V$ ITS PURPOSE WELL4 ,9 REALITY1 AS ,L\IS ,BLANC HAS REM>K$1 ! 0 F$]ALISM ( ! ,GIROND9S CONSI/$ *IEFLY 9 !IR HATR$ ( ,P>IS & !IR DESIRE TO OPPOSE ! REACTION>Y PROV9CES TO ! REVOTION>Y CAPITAL4 ,!Y W]E AFRAID ( ,P>IS1 & ?IS WAS ALL !IR F$]ALISM MEANT40#b 

,!Y DETE/$ & FE>$ ! ASC5DANCY GA9$ 9 ! ,REVOLUTION BY ! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS1 ! ,P>IS REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES & ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS4 ,:5 !Y TALK$ ( TRANSF]R+ ! SEAT ( ! ,LEGISLATIVE ,ASSEMBLY1 & LAT] ( ! ,CONV5TION ITSELF1 TO SOME PROV9CIAL T[N1 IT WAS NOT = LOVE ( PROV9CIAL AUTONOMY4 ,IT WAS M]ELY TO PLACE ! LEGISLATIVE BODY & ! EXECUTIVE AU?ORITY 9 ! MID/ ( A LESS REVOLUTION>Y POPULATION ?AN ?AT ( ,P>IS-AMONG PEOPLE LESS ACTIVE 9 ! PUBLIC CAUSE4 ,?IS WAS H[ ROYALTY ACT$ 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES :5 IT PREF]R$ A GR[+ T[N1 A 0 ROYAL T[N10 TO ! OLD] CITIES ACCU/OM$ TO ! =UM4 ,?I]S WANT$ TO DO ! SAME 9 #a#h#g#a4#c 

,9/EAD ( F$]ALIZ+1 EV]Y?+ DONE BY ! ,GIROND9S %[$ !M TO BE AS C5TRALIZ+ & AU?ORIT>IAN AS ! ,MONTAGN>DS1 P]HAPS MORE SO2 = ! LATT] RELI$ AT LEA/ UPON ! ,POPUL> ,SOCIETIES :5 !Y W5T ON COMMISSION 9TO ! PROV9CES & NOT UPON ORGANS ( BUREAUCRACY! C\NCILS ( ! DEP>TM5TS & ! DI/RICTS4 ,:5 ! ,GIROND9S APPEAL$ TO ! PROV9CES AGA9/ ,P>IS1 IT WAS TO 9CITE ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y =CES ( ! MIDDLE CLASSES 9 ! MANUFACTUR+ T[NS & ! FANATICISM ( ! PEASANTS 9 ,NORM&Y & ,BRITTANY AGA9/ ! REVOLUTIONI/S ( ,P>IS4 ,:5 ! REACTION>IES W]E VICTORI\S & ! ,GIROND9S RETURN$ TO P[] AFT] ! #i? ,!RMIDOR1 !Y PROV$1 AS BEFITS A P>TY ( ORD]1 ?AT !Y W]E C5TRALIZ]S MU* MORE ?AN ! ,MONTAGN>DS4 

,M4 ,AUL>D1 :O WROTE AT SOME L5G? AB\T ! F$]ALISM ( ! ,GIROND9S1 APTLY REM>KS ?AT BE=E ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! ,REPUBLIC NONE ( ! ,GIROND9S EXPRESS$ F$]ALI/ T5D5CIES4 ,B>B>\X1 = EXAMPLE1 WAS AN UNMI/AKABLE C5TRALIZ]1 & DECL>$ BE=E ! ,B\*ES-DU-,RHONE ,ASSEMBLY ?AT A ,F$]ATIVE ,GOV]NM5T IS NOT SUITABLE = A GREAT PEOPLE1 BECAUSE ( ! SL[NESS ( ITS WORK+ & ! MULTIPLICITY & COMPLEXITY ( ITS MA*9]Y4#d ,WE DO NOT1 9 FACT1 F9D ANY S]I\S ATTEMPT AT F$]ATIVE ORGANIZATION 9 ! S*EME = A ,CON/ITUTION ?AT ! ,GIROND9S BR\<T =W>D 9 #a#g#i#c4 ,!Y %[ !MSELVES BY IT TO HAVE BE5 ?OR\< C5TRALI/S4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT ,L\IS ,BLANC LAYS TOO MU* /RESS ON ! 0 FI]Y IMPETUOSITY 0 ( ! ,GIROND9S1 ,BRISSOT'S AMBITION CLA%+ ) ,ROBESPI]RE'S1 & ! W\ND+ ( ,ROBESPI]RE'S SELF-E/EEM BY ! RECKLESS ,GIROND9S - = :I* ,ROBESPI]RE NEV] P>DON$ !M4 ,JAURES EXPRESSES SIMIL> IDEAS1 AT LEA/ 9 ! FIR/ P>T ( HIS VOLUME ON ! ,CONV5TION1#e :I*1 H[EV]1 DOES NOT PREV5T HIM1 LAT] ON1 FROM 9DICAT+ O!R CAUSES-:5 HE BEG9S TO EXPLA9 ! /RUGGLE -BETWE5 ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS & ! B\RGEOISIE - CAUSES MU* MORE S]I\S ?AN W\ND$ SELF-E/EEM1 & 0 ! EGOISM ( P[]40 

,( C\RSE ! 0FI]Y IMPETUOSITY0 ( ! ,GIROND9S1 SO WELL DESCRIB$ BY ,L\IS ,BLANC1 & ! CONFLICT ( AMBITION W]E PRES5T1 & !Y C]TA9LY HELP$ TO 5V5OM ! /RIFE1 BUT 9 ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! 0,GIRONDE0 & ! 0,M\NTA910 !RE WAS1 AS WE HAVE ALREADY SAID1 ONE G5]AL CAUSE ( /RIFE 9F9ITELY MORE S]I\S ?AN ALL ! P]SONAL CONFLICTS PUT TOGE!R4 ,?IS CAUSE ,L\IS ,BLANC HAD ALREADY CLE>LY 9DICAT$ BY QUOT+ FROM ,G>AT ! LANGUAGE US$ BY ! 0,GIRONDE0 TO ! 0,M\NTA90 & ! REPLY ( ! 0,M\NTA90 TO ! 0,GIRONDE03 

0,IT IS NOT = Y\10 SAID ! ,GIRONDE1 TO GOV]N ,FRANCE1 Y\1 :O >E COV]$ ) ! BLOOD ( ,SEPTEMB]4 HE LEGISLATORS ( A RI* & 9DU/RIAL EMPIRE MU/ REG>D PROP]TY AS ONE ( ! MO/ SACR$ BASES ( SOCIAL ORD]1 & ! MISSION ( LEGISLAT+ = ,FRANCE CANNOT BE FULFILL$ BY Y\ :O PREA* AN>*Y1 PROTECT PLUND] & T]RIFY ! [N]S ( PROP]TY4444 ,Y\ SUMMON AGA9/ US ALL ! HIR$ ASSASS9S ( ,P>IS2 WE SUMMON AGA9/ Y\ ALL ! HONE/ FOLK ( ,P>IS40 

,IT IS ! LANGUAGE ( ! PROP]TI$ P>TY - LE P>TI DES HONNETES G5S - ?OSE :O MASSACR$ ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS 9 ,JUNE #ahdh & 9 #a#h#g#a1 SUPPORT$ ! C\P D'ETAT ( ,NAPOLEON ,I,I,I41 & ,:O >E N[ READY TO DO IT ALL OV] AGA94 

,TO IT ! 0,M\NTA90 REPLI$3 0 ,WE ACCUSE Y\ ( WANT+ TO USE Y\R TAL5TS = Y\R [N ADVANCEM5T ONLY1 & NOT 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ,EQUALITY4 ,SO LONG IS ! ,K+ P]MITT$ Y\ TO GOV]N ?R\< ! M9I/]S Y\ GAVE HIM1 SO LONG DID1 HE SEEM HONE/ 5\< = Y\4444 ,Y\R SECRET DESIRE HAS NEV] BE5 TO RAISE ,FRANCE TO ! GLORI\S DE/9Y ( A ,REPUBLIC12 BUT TO KEEP H] UND] A ,K+ :OSE ,MAYORS ( ! ,PALACE Y\ W\LD Y\RSELVES HAVE BE540 

,WE %ALL SEE H[ JU/ ?IS ACCUSATION WAS :5 WE F9D ,B>B>\X 9 ! ,S\? & ,L\VET 9 ,BRITTANY BO? ( !M H& 9 GLOVE ) ! ROYALI/S1 & :5 SO MANY ( ! ,GIROND9S 5T]$ 9TO AN AGREEM5T ) LES BLANCS1 AFT] !Y CAME BACK TO P[] ?R\< ! REACTION ( ,!RMIDOR4 ,BUT LET AS CONT9UE ! QUOTATION4 

0 ,Y\ WANT LIB]TY )\T EQUALITY10 SAID ! 0,M\NTA910 0& WE DESIRE EQUALITY BECAUSE WE CANNOT CONCEIVE LIB]TY )\T IT4 ,Y\ :O CALL Y\RSELVES /ATESM51 Y\ WANT TO ORGANIZE ! ,REPUBLIC = ! RI*2 BUT WE1 NOT PRET5D+ TO BE /ATESM51 >E /RIV+ = LAWS :I* WILL LIFT ! POOR \T ( !IR MIS]Y & TURN ALL M51 UND] A /ATE ( UNIV]SAL WELLBE+1 9TO HAPPY CITIZ5S & >D5T DEF5D]S ( A UNIV]SALLY ADOR$ REPUBLIC40 

,H]E WE SEE TWO ABSOLUTELY DIFF]5T CONCEPTIONS ( SOCIETY2 & IT WAS SO ?AT ! /RUGGLE WAS UND]/OOD BY ITS CONTEMPOR>IES4#f 

,! ,REVOLUTION HAD HI!RTO CONF9$ ITSELF TO OV]?R[+ ! ,K+1 )\T EV5 TRY+ TO SECURE ITS WORK BY A COMPLETE *ANGE ( ! IDEAS ( ! NATION 9 A REPUBLICAN DIRECTION - IT HAD TO /OP AFT] ITS FIR/ VICTORY1 & LEAVE ,FRANCE TO /RUGGLE1 AS BE/ %E C\LD1 AGA9/ ,G]MAN1 ,5GLI%1 ,SPANI%1 ,ITALIAN1 & ,SAVOY>D 9VAD]S1 SUPPORT$ FROM )9 BY ! P>TISANS ( ROYALTY4 ,OR ELSE1 ! ,REVOLUTION1 AFT] GETT+ RID ( ! ,K+1 HAD TO MAKE AT ONCE1 )\T DELAY1 AN EF=T T[>DS 0,EQUALITY10 AS !Y !N CALL$ IT - T[>DS 0,COMMUNISM10 AS WE %\LD SAY N[4 ,IT MU/ COMPLETE ! WORK ( ABOLI%+ ! FEUDAL RI<TS1 ! WORK ( RE/OR+ ! L& TO ! COMMUNES1 ! WORK ( NATIONALIZ+ ! SOIL1 :ILE IT W\LD RECOGNIZE ! RI<T ( ALL TO ! L&4 ,IT MU/ CONSOLIDATE ! WORK ALREADY SO F> C>RI$ \T BY ! REVOLT$ PEASANTRY DUR+ ?OSE F\R YE>S1 & IT W\LD TRY1 ) ! PEOPLE'S HELP1 0TO RAISE ! POOR \T ( !IR WRET*$NESS40 ,IT MU/ TRY TO CREATE1 IF POSSIBLE1 NOT ABSOLUTE EQUALITY ( RI*ES1 BUT A CONDITION ( WELL-BE+ = ALL1-0 UNIV]SAL WELF>E40 ,& IT W\LD DO ?IS BY =CIBLY TAK+ ! P[] ( ,GOV]NM5T FROM -! RI*1 & TRANSF]R+ IT TO ! ,COMMUNES & ! ,POPUL> ,SOCIETIES4 

,!SE ALT]NATIVES SUFFICE TO EXPLA9 ! SANGU9>Y /RUGGLE :I* R5T ASUND] ! ,CONV5TION1 & ) IT ! :OLE ( ,FRANCE AFT] ! D[NFALL ( ROYALTY4 ,EV]Y?+ ELSE IS ( SECOND>Y IMPORTANCE4 

#a,MORTIM]-,T]NAUX1 A RABID REACTION>Y1 HAS PO9T$ \T ?IS D\BLE ORGANIZATION 9 HIS ,HI/OIRE DE LA ,T]REUR1 VOL4 VII4 ,JAURES 7,LA ,CONV5TION1 ,VOL4 II4 ,P4 #a#b#e#d7 HAS ALSO A V]Y WELL WRITT5 PAGE ON ?IS SUBJECT2 & ,AUL>D REF]S TO IT AT SOME L5G? 9 HIS ,HI/OIRE POLITIQUE DE LA ,REVOLUTION1 P>T II4 *4 V4 

#b,L\IS ,BLANC1 #dTO1 VOL4 II4 ,P4 #d#b4 

#c,:5 ! ,GIROND9S TALK$ ( ASSEMBL+ ! COMMISSION]S ( ! DEP>TM5TS AT ,B\RGES 0 !Y W\LD NOT HAVE /OPP$ AT ?IS TRANSF]5CE10 SAYS ,?IBAUDEAU 9 HIS ,MEMOIRES ,IT WAS !IR 9T5TION TO =M A SECOND ,CONV5TION40 

#d,AUL>D1 ,HI/OIRE POLITIQUE1 P4 #b#f#d4 0 ,I DO NOT KN[ ?AT ANY ONE %\LD HAVE CLAIM$ ! HONOR ( IT10 ,?IBAUDEAU WROTE1 :5 SPEAK+ ( ! F$]ALISM ( ! ,GIROND9S1 9 HIS ,MEMOIRES SUR LA ,CONV5TION ET LA ,DIRECTOIRE1 VOL4 I4 ,P4 #* 7,P>IS1 #a#h#b#d74 ,AS TO ,M>AT1 HE WAS V]Y EXPLICIT ON ?IS PO9T 9 HIS PAP]1 UND] ! DATE ( ,MAY #b#d1 #a#g#i#c4 0 ,!Y HAVE = A LONG TIME BE5 ACCUS+ ! LEAD]S ( ?IS 9F]NAL FACTION ) F$]ALISM2 ,I CONFESS ?AT ,I HAVE NEV] HELD ?IS OP9ION ( !M1 AL?\< ,I ALSO HAVE SOMETIMES REIT]AT$ ! *>GE40 

#e,LA ,CONV5TION1 PP4 #c#h#h1 #c#i#d1 #c#i#f1 & #a#d#e#h4 

#f,NUM]\S QUOTATIONS C\LD BE GIV5 TO PROVE ?IS4 ,! TWO FOLL[+ MAY S]VE AS EXAMPLES3 0 ,! ,GIROND9S WANT$ ! ,REVOLUTION TO /OP %ORT ( ! MIDDLE CLASSES10 SAYS ,BAUDOT4 ,!Y WANT$ 0QUIETLY TO E/ABLI% A MIDDLE-CLASS >I/OCRACY1 :I* %\LD TAKE ! PLACE ( ! NOBILITY & CL]GY10 SAID ,B\RDON DE L',OISE AT ! ,JACOB9 ,CLUB1 ,ON ,MAY #c#a4 7,LA ,SOCIETE DES ,JACOB9S1 ,AUL>D $ITION1 VOL4 V4 P4 #b#b47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aih 3 ,*APT] #db -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #a#i1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #db -- ,ADD$4 

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