,*APT] #* 
,! ,TRIAL ( ! ,K+ 

#aiiaii 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY PORTAMM>E1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,FATE ( ,K+ UNDECID$ -- ,REASON ( DELAY -- ,TRIAL DET]M9$ ON -- ,GAMA9 BETRAYS ! ,K+ -- ,OB/ACLES 9 WAY ( TRIAL -- ,JU/IFICATION ( TRIAL -- ,M>IE-,ANTO9ETTE & ,F]S5 -- ,GIROND9S TRY TO PREV5T TRIAL BY ATTACK+ 0,M\NTA90 -- ,K+ APPE>S BE=E ,CONV5TION -- ,DEA? S5T5CE PRON\NC$ -- ,EXECUTION ( ,K+ 

,! TWO MON?S :I* ELAPS$ BETWE5 ! OP5+ ( ! ,CONV5TION & ! TRIAL ( ! ,K+ REMA9 UP TILL N[ AN 5IGMA = HI/ORY4 

,! FIR/ QUE/ION :I* CONFRONT$ ! ,CONV5TION AFT] IT HAD MET WAS NATURALLY ?AT ( DECID+ :AT WAS TO BE DONE ) ! ,K+ & HIS FAMILY1 IMPRISON$ 9 ! ,TEMPLE4 ,TO KEEP !M !RE = AN 9DEF9ITE TIME1 UNTIL ! 9VASION %\LD BE REPELL$ & A REPUBLICAN CON/ITUTION VOT$ & ACCEPT$ BY ! PEOPLE1 WAS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,H[ C\LD ! ,REPUBLIC BE E/ABLI%$1 SO LONG AS IT HELD ! ,K+ & HIS LEGITIMATE HEIR 9 P]SON1 )\T D>+ TO DO ANY?+ ) !M8 

,BESIDES1 HAV+ BECOME SIMPLE 9DIVIDUALS1 :O1 TAK5 FROM ! PALACE1 W]E DWELL+ 5 FAMILLE 9 PRISON1 ,L\IS ,X,V,I1 ,M>IE-,ANTO9ETTE & !IR *ILDR5 BECAME 9T]E/+ M>TYRS1 TO :OM ! ROYALI/S W]E DEVOT$1 & :OM ! MIDDLE CLASSES & EV5 ! SANS-CULOTTES PITI$ AS !Y M\NT$ GU>D OV] !M AT ! ,TEMPLE4 

,SU* A SITUATION C\LD NOT CONT9UE4 ,& YET1 NE>LY TWO MON? PASS$1 DUR+ :I* ! ,CONV5TION WAS V]Y MU* 9T]E/$ 9 ALL MANN] ( ?+S )\T EV] BROA*+ ! FIR/ CONSEQU5CE ( ,AUGU/ #a -! FATE ( ! ,K+4 ,?IS DELAY1 9 \R OP9ION1 MU/ HAVE BE5 9T5TIONAL1 & WE CAN ONLY EXPLA9 IT BY SUPPOS+ ?AT DUR+ ?IS TIME !Y W]E C>RY+ ON SECRET CONF]5CES ) ! ,EUROPEAN ,C\RTS -CONF]5CES :I* HAVE NOT YET BE5 DIVULG$1 & :I* W]E C]TA9LY CONNECT$ ) ! 9VASION & ! ISSUE ( :I* DEP5D$ ON ! TURN ?AT W\LD BE TAK5 BY ! W>4 

,WE KN[ ALREADY ?AT ,DANTON & ,DUM\RIEZ HAD HAD P>LEY+S ) ! *IEF COMM&] ( ! ,PRUSSIAN >MY1 :I* 9 ! 5D DECID$ HIM TO SEP>ATE FROM ! ,AU/RIAN & EFFECT HIS RETREAT4 ,& WE KN[1 TOO1 ?AT ONE ( ! CONDITIONS IMPOS$ BY ! ,DUKE ( ,BRUNSWICK -AL?\< V]Y PROBABLY IT WAS NOT ACCEPT$ -WAS ?AT ,L\IS ,X,V,I %\LD NOT BE H>M$4 ,BUT !RE MU/ HAVE BE5 MORE ?AN ?AT4 ,SIMIL> NEGOTIATIONS W]E V]Y LIKELY BE+ C>RI$ ON ) ,5GL&4 ,& H[ CAN ! SIL5CE ( ! ,CONV5TION & ! PATI5CE ( ! SECTIONS BE EXPLA9$1 )\T SUPPOS+ ?AT !RE WAS AN UND]/&+ BETWE5 ! 0,M\NTA90 & ! ,GIRONDE8 

,TO-DAY1 H[EV]1 IT IS CLE> TO US ?AT P>LEY+S ( ?IS K9D C\LD COME TO NO?+1 & = TWO REASONS4 ,! FATE ( ,L\IS ,X,V,I & HIS FAMILY WAS NOT ( SUFFICI5T 9T]E/ TO ! ,K+ ( ,PRUSSIA1 NOR TO ! ,K+ ( ,5GL&1 NOR TO ! BRO!R ( ,M>IE-,ANTO9ETTE1 ! ,EMP]OR ( ,AU/RIA1 = !M TO SACRIFICE NATIONAL POLITICAL 9T]E/S TO ! P]SONAL 9T]E/S ( ! PRISON]S 9 ! ,TEMPLE4 ,?AT WAS PLA9LY SE5 ?R\< ! NEGOTIATIONS1 :I* TOOK PLACE LAT]1 CONC]N+ ! SETT+ AT LIB]TY ( ,M>IE-,ANTO9ETTE & ,MADAME ,ELISABE?4 ,& ON ! O!R H&1 ! ALLI$ ,K+S DID NOT F9D 9 ,FRANCE AMONG ! $UCAT$ CLASS1 ! UNITY ( REPUBLICAN S5TIM5T :I* %\LD HAVE MADE !IR HOPE ( REE/ABLI%+ ROYALTY VANI%4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y F\ND ! 09TELLECTUALS0 ( ! MIDDLE CLASSES V]Y MU* 9CL9$ TO ACCEPT EI!R ! ,DUKE ( ,ORLEANS 7,GR& ,MA/] ( ! ,BRO!RHOOD ( ,FREEMASONS1 TO :I* ALL ! REVOLUTION>IES ( R5[N BELONG$7 OR HIS SON1 ! ,DUKE DE ,*>TRES -! FUTURE ,L\IS-,PHILIPPE -OR EV5 ! ,DAUPH94 

,BUT ! PEOPLE BECAME IMPATI5T4 ,! POPUL> SOCIETIES ?R\<\T ,FRANCE DEM&$ ?AT ! TRIAL ( ! ,K+ %\LD BE DEF]R$ NO LONG]1 & ON ,OCTOB] #a#i1 ! ,COMMUNE ATT5D$ AT ! B> ( ! ,CONV5TION TO SIGNIFY ?AT ?IS WAS ! WI% ( ,P>IS ALSO4 ,AT LA/1 ON ,NOVEMB] #c1 ! FIR/ /EP WAS TAK54 ,A COMMUNICATION WAS READ DEM&+ ?AT ,L\IS ,X,V,I %\LD BE PUT UPON HIS TRIAL1 & ! PR9CIPAL HEADS ( ACCUSATION W]E =MULAT$ ! NEXT DAY4 ,! DISCUSSION ON ?IS SUBJECT WAS OP5$ ON ! #a#c?4 ,! AFFAIR1 H[EV]1 W\LD HAVE /ILL DRAGG$ \T TO A GREAT L5G? IF ON ,NOVEMB] #b1 ! LOCKSMI? ,GAMA91 :O HAD =M]LY TAU<T ,L\IS LOCK-MAK+1 HAD NOT REVEAL$ TO ,ROL& ! EXI/5CE 9 ! ,TUIL]IES ( A SECRET CUPBO>D1 :I* ,GAMA9 HAD HELP$ ! ,K+ TO PUT 9 ONE ( ! WALLS1 = KEEP+ HIS PAP]S4 

,?IS BIT ( HI/ORY IS WELL KN[N4 ,ONE DAY1 9 ,AUGU/ #a#g#i#b1 ,L\IS ,X,V,I S5T = ,GAMA9 FROM ,V]SAILLES 9 ORD] ?AT HE MI<T HELP HIM TO FIX 9 A WALL1 UND] A PANEL1 AN IRON DOOR :I* HE HAD CON/RUCT$ HIMSELF1 TO S]VE TO %UT 9 A K9D ( SECRET CUPBO>D4 ,:5 ! WORK WAS F9I%$1 ,GAMA9 SET \T AGA9 9 ! NI<T = ,V]SAILLES1 AFT] DR9K+ A GLASS ( W9E & EAT+ A BISCUIT GIV5 TO HIM BY ! ,QUE54 ,HE FELL ON ! ROAD1 SEIZ$ ) VIOL5T COLIC1 & HAD BE5 ILL EV] S9CE4 ,BELIEV+ HIMSELF TO HAVE BE5 POISON$1 OR WORK$ UPON1 MAY BE1 BY ! FE> ( BE+ PROSECUT$ SOME DAY BY ! REPUBLICANS1 HE GAVE 9=MATION CONC]N+ ! CUPBO>D TO ,ROL&1 :O1 )\T LETT+ ANY ONE KN[1 IMM$IATELY TOOK POSSESSION ( ! PAP]S 9 IT1 C>RI$ !M (F TO HIS H\SE & EXAM9$ !M TOGE!R ) HIS WIFE1 & HAV+ AFFIX$ HIS SEAL TO EA* ( !M HE BR\<T !M TO ! ,CONV5TION4 

,! PR(\ND S5SATION PRODUC$ BY ?IS DISCOV]Y CAN BE UND]/OOD1 ESPECIALLY :5 IT BECAME KN[N ?R\< !SE PAP]S ?AT ! ,K+ HAD B\<T ! S]VICES ( ,MIRABEAU1 ?AT HIS AG5TS HAD PROPOS$ TO HIM TO BUY ELEV5 9FLU5TIAL MEMB]S ( ! ,LEGISLATIVE ,ASSEMBLY 7IT WAS ALREADY KN[N ?AT ,B>NAVE & ,LAME? HAD BE5 WON OV] TO HIS CAUSE71 & ?AT ,L\IS ,X,V,I /ILL HAD 9 HIS PAY ?OSE DISB&$ MEMB]S ( HIS GU>DS :O HAD PLAC$ !MSELVES AT ! S]VICE ( HIS BRO!RS AT ,COBL5TZ1 & :O W]E !N M>*+ ) ! ,AU/RIANS UPON ,FRANCE4 

,IT IS ONLY N[1 :5 WE HAVE 9 \R H&S SO MANY DOCUM5TS ?AT CONFIRM ! TREA*]IES ( ,L\IS ,X,V,I1 & CAN SEE ! =CES :I* W]E1 NEV]!LESS1 OPPOS$ TO HIS CONDEMNATION1 ?AT WE COMPREH5D H[ V]Y DIFFICULT IT WAS = ! ,REVOLUTION TO BR+ A ,K+ TO JUDGM5T & TO EXECUTE HIM4 

,ALL ! PREJUDICE1 ! OP5 & LAT5T S]VILITY 9 SOCIETY1 ! FE> = ! PROP]TY ( ! RI*1 & ! DI/RU/ ( ! PEOPLE1 W]E JO9$ TOGE!R TO H9D] ! TRIAL4 ,! ,GIRONDE1 FAI?FULLY REFLECT+ ALL !SE FE>S1 DID ALL ?AT WAS POSSIBLE TO PREV5T ! TRIAL FROM TAK+ PLACE1 & AFT]W>DS TO PREV5T ITS 5D+ 9 A CONDEMNATION1 OR1 FAIL+ ?IS1 TO SEE ?AT ! CONDEMNATION %\LD NOT BE A DEA?1 & F9ALLY1 ?AT ! S5T5CE %\LD NOT BE C>RI$ \T4#a ,P>IS HAD TO ?REAT5 ! ,CONV5TION ) AN 9SURRECTION TO =CE IT TO PRON\NCE ITS JUDGM5T :5 ! TRIAL OP5$1 & NOT TO DEF] ! EXECUTION4 ,& YET UP TO ! PRES5T DAY :AT MAUDL9 SPEE*ES >E UTT]$1 :AT TE>S >E %$ BY ! HI/ORIANS :5 !Y M5TION ?IS TRIAL6 

,& :AT AB\T8 ,IF ANY G5]AL1 NO MATT] :I*1 HAD BE5 CONVICT$ ( HAV+ DONE :AT ,L\IS ,X,V,I HAD DONE -?AT IS1 ( CALL+ 9 ! =EIGN 9VAD]S & ( SUPPORT+ !M -:O1 AMONG ! MOD]N HI/ORIANS1 ALL ( !M DEF5D]S ( 0,/ATE REASONS10 W\LD HAVE HESITAT$ A S+LE MOM5T TO DEM& ! DEA? ( ?AT G5]AL8 ,:Y !N SO MU* LAM5TATION :5 HI< TREASON WAS COMMITT$ BY ! COMM&] ( ALL ! >MIES ( ,FRANCE8 

,ACCORD+ TO ALL TRADITIONS & ALL FICTIONS TO :I* \R HI/ORIANS & JURI/S RESORT = E/ABLI%+ ! RI<TS ( ! 0HEAD ( ! ,/ATE10 ! ,CONV5TION WAS ! SOV]EIGN AT ?AT MOM5T4 ,TO IT1 & TO IT ALONE BELONG$ ! RI<T ( JUDG+ ! SOV]EIGN :OM ! PEOPLE HAD DE?RON$1 AS TO IT ALONE BELONG$ ! RI<T ( LEGISLATION :I* HAD FALL5 FROM HIS H&S4 ,TRI$ BY ! MEMB]S ( ! ,CONV5TION1 ,L\IS ,X,V,I WAS -TO USE !IR [N LANGUAGE -TRI$ BY HIS PE]S4 ,& !Y1 HAV+ ASC]TA9$ ! MORAL C]TITUDE ( HIS TREASON1 HAD NO *OICE4 ,!Y HAD TO PRON\NCE ! S5T5CE ( DEA?4 ,CLEM5CY EV5 WAS \TSIDE ! QUE/ION AT A TIME :5 BLOOD WAS FL[+ ON ! FRONTI]S4 ,! ALLI$ ,K+S KNEW ?IS !MSELVES2 !Y COMPREH5D$ IT P]FECTLY4 

,AS TO ! !ORY DEVELOP$ BY ,ROBESPI]RE & ,SA9T-,JU/1 ACCORD+ TO :I* ! ,REPUBLIC HAD ! RI<T TO KILL ,L\IS ,X,V,I AS ITS 5EMY1 ,M>AT WAS QUITE RI<T TO PROTE/ AGA9/ IT4 ,?AT MI<T HAVE BE5 DONE DUR+ OR IMM$IATELY AFT] ! CONFLICT ( ,AUGU/ #a1 BUT NOT ?REE MON?S AFT] ! FI<T4 ,N[1 !RE WAS NO?+ LEFT TO DO BUT TO TRY ,L\IS ) ALL ! PUBLICITY POSSIBLE1 SO ?AT ! PEOPLES & PO/]ITY MI<T !MSELVES JUDGE AS TO HIS KNAV]Y & HIS DECEIT4 

,9 ! MATT] ( ! ACT ( HI< TREASON ON ! P>T ( ,L\IS ,X,V,I & HIS WIFE1 WE1 :O HAVE 9 \R H&S ! CORRESPOND5CE ( ,M>IE-,ANTO9ETTE ) ,F]S5 & ! LETT]S ( ,F]S5 TO V>I\S P]SONAGES1 MU/ ADMIT ?AT ! ,CONV5TION JUDG$ RI<TLY1 EV5 ?\< IT HAD NOT ! OV]:ELM+ PRO(S ?AT WE POSSESS TO-DAY4 ,BUT SO MANY FACTS HAD ACCUMULAT$ 9 ! C\RSE ( ! LA/ ?REE YE>S1 SO MANY AV[ALS HAD BE5 LET DROP BY ROYALI/S & BY ! ,QUE51 SO MANY ACTS ( ! ,K+ S9CE HIS FLI<T TO ,V>5NES1 :I*1 AL?\< AMNE/I$ BY ! ,CON/ITUTION ( #a#g#i#a1 S]V$ NONE ! LESS TO EXPLA9 HIS ULT]IOR ACTS -?AT EV]Y ONE WAS MORALLY C]TA9 ( HIS TREASON4 ,NEI!R HAD ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS ANY D\BTS ON ! SUBJECT4 

,9 FACT1 TREASON BEGAN BY ! LETT] :I* ,L\IS ,X,V,I WROTE TO ! ,EMP]OR ( ,AU/RIA ! V]Y DAY ON :I* HE TOOK ! OA? TO ! ,CON/ITUTION 9 ,SEPTEMB] #a#g#i#a1 AMID ! 5?USIA/IC ACCLAMATIONS ( ! ,P>ISIAN MIDDLE CLASSES4 ,!N CAME ! CORRESPOND5CE ( ,M>IE-,ANTO9ETTE ) ,F]S51 WRITT5 ) ! ,K+'S KN[L$GE4 ,NO?+ IS MORE ODI\S ?AN ?IS CORRESPOND5CE4 ,5SCONC$ 9 ! ,TUIL]IES1 ! TWO TRAITORS1 ! ,QUE5 & ! ,K+1 ASK$ = ! 9VASION1 PLANN$ IT1 PO9T$ \T ! ROAD = IT1 S5T 9=MATION CONC]N+ ! =CES & ! MILIT>Y PLANS4 ,! TRIUMPHAL 5TRY ( ! ,G]MAN ALLIES 9TO ,P>IS & ! :OLESALE MASSACRE ( ALL ! REVOLUTIONI/S W]E PLANN$ \T BY ! FAIR & SKILLFUL H& ( ,M>IE-,ANTO9ETTE4 ,! PEOPLE HAD E/IMAT$ TRULY ! WOMAN !Y CALL$ ! 0,M$ICIS10 %E :OM ! HI/ORIANS WI% TO REPRES5T TO US N[ AS A POOR MADCAP4 #b 

,FROM ! LEGAL PO9T ( VIEW1 !RE IS CONSEQU5TLY NO?+ :]E) TO REPROA* ! ,CONV5TION4 ,AS TO ! (T5-DEBAT$ QUE/ION :E!R ! EXECUTION ( ! ,K+ DID NOT DO MORE H>M ?AN W\LD HAVE BE5 CAUS$ BY HIS PRES5CE 9 ! MID/ ( ! ,G]MAN OR ,5GLI% >MIES1 !RE IS ONLY ONE REM>K TO MAKE4 ,SO LONG AS ! ROYAL P[] WAS CONSID]$ ! PROP]TI$ CLASS AS ! BE/ MEANS ( HOLD+ 9 *ECK ?OSE :O WI% TO DISPOSSESS ! RI* & DIM9I% ! P[] ( ! PRIE/S -SO LONG ! ,K+1 DEAD OR ALIVE1 9 PRISON OR FREE1 BEHEAD$ & CANONIZ$1 GO+ AB\T AS A KNI<T-]RANT AMONG HIS FELL[ ,K+S1 W\LD HAVE ALWAYS BE5 ! H]O ( A PA!TIC LEG5D 9V5T$ BY ! CL]GY & ALL 9T]E/$ P]SONS4 

,ON ! CONTR>Y1 BY S5D+ ,L\IS TO ! SCAFFOLD1 ! ,REVOLUTION SUCCE$$ 9 KILL+ A PR9CIPLE1 :I* ! PEASANTS HAD BEGUN TO KILL AT ,V>5NES4 ,ON ,JANU>Y #b#a1 #a#g#i#c1 ! REVOLUTION>Y PORTION ( ! ,FR5* PEOPLE KNEW WELL ?AT ! PIVOT ( ALL ! P[]1 :I* = C5TURIES HAD OPPRESS$ & EXPLOIT$ ! MASSES1 WAS BROK5 AT LA/4 ,! DEMOLITION ( ?AT P[]FUL ORGANIZATION :I* WAS CRU%+ ! PEOPLE WAS BEGUN2 ITS C5T] WAS BROK51 & ! POPUL> REVOLUTION TOOK A FRE% />T4 

,S9CE !N ! RI<T DIV9E ( ! ,K+S HAS NEV] BE5 ABLE TO REE/ABLI% ITSELF 9 ,FRANCE1 EV5 ) ! SUPPORT ( ,EUROPE 9 COALITION1 EV5 ) ! AID ( ! FRI<TFUL 0,:ITE ,T]ROR0 ( ! ,RE/ORATION4 ,& ROYALTIES ISSU+ FROM ! B>RICADES OR FROM A C\P D'ETAT1 LIKE ,NAPOLEAN ,I,I,I41 HAVE NOT SUCCE$$ EI!R1 AS WE HAVE SE5 9 #ahdh & #a#h#g4 ,! V]Y PR9CIPLE ( ROYALTY WAS SLA9 9 ,FRANCE4 

,EV]Y?+ WAS DONE1 H[EV]1 BY ! ,GIROND9S TO PREV5T ! CONDEMNATION ( ,L\IS ,X,V,I4 ,!Y 9VOK$ EV]Y JUDICIAL >GUM5T1 !Y HAD REC\RSE TO EV]Y P>LIAM5T>Y WILE4 ,!RE W]E EV5 MOM5TS :5 ! ,K+'S TRIAL WAS NE>LY *ANG$ 9TO A TRIAL ( ! 0,M\NTA940 ,BUT NO?+ AVAIL$4 ,! LOGIC ( ! SITUATION C>RI$ ! DAY OV] ! QUIBBLES ( P>LIAM5T>Y TACTICS4 

,AT FIR/1 ! ,GIROND9S PUT =W>D ! PRETEXT ( ! ,K+'S 9VIOLABILITY1 E/ABLI%$ BY ! ,CON/ITUTION1 TO :I* IT WAS TRIUMPHANTLY REPLI$ ?AT ?IS 9VIOLABILITY NO LONG] EXI/$ -S9CE ! ,K+ HAD BETRAY$ ! ,CON/ITUTION & HIS C\NTRY4 

,A SPECIAL TRIBUNAL1 =M$ ( REPRES5TATIVES ( ! EI<TY-?REE DEP>TM5TS1 WAS NEXT DEM&$2 & :5 IT BECAME EVID5T ?AT ?IS PROPOSAL W\LD BE SET ASIDE1 ! ,GIROND9S WANT$ TO HAVE ! S5T5CE SUBMITT$ TO ! RATIFICATION ( ! ?IRTY-SIX ?\S& COMMUNES & ALL ! PRIM>Y ASSEMBLIES BY A ROLL-CALL ( EA* CITIZ54 ,?IS WAS TO CALL 9 QUE/ION AGA9 ! RESULTS ( ,AUGU/ #a & ! ,REPUBLIC4 

,:5 ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( ?US LAY+ ! TRIAL UPON ! %\LD]S ( ! PRIM>Y ,ASSEMBLIES WAS DEMON/RAT$1 ! ,GIROND9S1 :O HAD !MSELVES MO/ EAG]LY CLAMOR$ = ! W> & ADVOCAT$ W> TO ! BITT] 5D & AGA9/ ALL ,EUROPE1 BEGAN N[ TO PLEAD ! EFFECT :I* W\LD BE PRODUC$ ON ,EUROPE BY ! ,K+'S EXECUTION4 ,AS IF ,5GL&1 ,PRUSSIA1 ,AU/RIA & ,S>D9IA HAD WAIT$ = ! DEA? ( ,L\IS ,X,V,I TO MAKE !IR COALITION4 ,AS IF ! DEMOCRATIC ,REPUBLIC WAS NOT SUFFICI5TLY ODI\S TO !M1 AS IF ! ALLUREM5T ( ! GREAT COMM]CIAL PORTS ( ,FRANCE1 & H] COLONIES & PROV9CES 9 ! ,EA/1 W]E NOT 5\< TO BR+ ! ,K+S 9 COALITION AGA9/ ,FRANCE1 SO ?AT !Y MI<T PR(IT BY ! MOM5T :5 ! BIR? ( A NEW SOCIETY HAD WEAK5$ HIS P[]S ( MILIT>Y RESI/ANCE \TSIDE HIS [N T]RITORY4 

,REPULS$ AGA9 ON ?IS PO9T BY ! 0,M\NTA910 ! ,GIROND9S !N MADE A DIV]SION BY ATTACK+ ! 0,M\NTA90 ITSELF1 DEM&+ ?AT SEV]AL MEMB]S ( ?IS P>TY %\LD BE BR\<T TO TRIAL AS 0! AID]S & ABETTORS ( ! ,SEPTEMB] MASSACRES10 BY :OM W]E MEANT ,DANTON1 ,M>AT & ,ROBESPI]RE1 ! 0DICTATORS10 ! 0TRIUMVIRATE40 

,9 ! MID/ ( ALL !SE DISCUSSIONS ! ,CONV5TION DECID$ ON ,DECEMB] #c ?AT IT W\LD ITSELF TRY ,L\IS ,X,V,I2 BUT SC>CELY WAS ?IS DECL>$ ?AN EV]Y?+ WAS AGA9 CALL$ 9 QUE/ION BY ONE ( ! ,GIROND9S1 ,DUCOS1 & ! ATT5TION ( ! ,CONV5TION WAS TURN$ 9 ANO!R DIRECTION4 ,BY DEM&+ ! P5ALTY ( DEA? = 0ANY P]SON :O %ALL PROPOSE TO RE/ORE ,K+S OR ROYALTY 9 ,FRANCE1 NO MATT] UND] :AT D5OM9ATION10 ! ,GIROND9S FLUNG AT ! 0,M\NTA90 AN 9S9UATION ?AT ! 0,M\NTA90 WAS TRY+ TO BR+ ! ,DUKE ( ,ORLEANS TO ! ?RONE4 ,!Y S\<T TO SUB/ITUTE A TRIAL ( ! 0,M\NTA90 = ! TRIAL ( ! ,K+4 

,AT LA/1 ON ,DECEMB] #a#a1 ,L\IS ,X,V,I APPE>$ BE=E ! ,CONV5TION4 ,HE WAS SUBJECT$ TO AN 9T]ROGATION1 & HIS REPLIES MU/ HAVE KILL$ ANY L+]+ SYMPA?Y :I* MAY HAVE EXI/$ 9 HIS FAVOR4 ,MI*ELET ASKS H[ WAS IT POSSIBLE = A MAN TO LIE AS ,L\IE LI$8 ,& HE CAN ONLY EXPLA9 HIS DECEIT BY ! FACT ?AT EV]Y K+LY TRADITION & ALL ! 9FLU5CE ( ! ,JESUITS TO :I* ,L\IS ,X,V,I HAD BE5 SUBJECT$1 HAD 9SPIR$ HIM ) ! IDEA ?AT ,/ATE REASONS P]MITT$ A ,K+ TO DO ANY?+4 

,! IMPRESSION PRODUC$ BY ?IS 9T]ROGATION WAS SO DISADVANTAGE\S TO ,L\IS ?AT ! ,GIROND9S1 COMPREH5D+ ?AT IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO SAVE ! ,K+1 MADE A FRE% DIV]SION DEM&+ ! EXPULSION ( ! ,DUKE ( ,ORLEANS4 ,! CONV5TION ALL[$ A VOTE TO BE TAK5 ON IT1 & DECRE$ ! EXPULSION1 BUT ! NEXT DAY ! DECISION WAS REVOK$ AFT] IT HAD BE5 DISAPPROV$ BY ! ,JACOB9 ,CLUB4 

,! TRIAL1 H[EV]1 FOLL[$ ITS DUE C\RSE1 ,L\IS ,X,V,I APPE>$ A SECOND TIME BE=E ! ,CONV5TION ON ,DECEMB] #b#f1 ) HIS ADVOCATES & HIS C\NSELORS1 ,MALE%]BES1 ,TRON*ET & ,DES@&EGRAV2ZE2 HIS DEF5SE WAS HE>D1 & IT WAS EVID5T ?AT HE W\LD BE CONDEMN$4 ,!RE WAS NO LONG] ANY POSSIBILITY ( 9T]PRET+ HIS ACTS AS AN ]ROR ( JUDGM5T1 OR AS AN ACT ( FOOLI%NESS4 ,IT WAS TREASON1 DELIB]ATE & CRAFTY1 AS ,SA9T-,JU/ ! NEXT DAY %[$ IT TO BE4 

,IF1 H[EV]1 ! ,CONV5TION & ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS C\LD ?US =M A CLE> OP9ION CONC]N+ ,L\IS ,X,V,I -BO? A MAN & K+ -IT IS TO BE UND]/OOD ?AT SU* WAS NOT ! CASE ) ! PROV9CIAL T[NS & VILLAGES4 ,& WE CAN IMAG9E ! UNLOOS+ ( PASSIONS :I* W\LD HAVE RESULT$ HAD ! PRON\NC+ ( ! P5ALTY BE5 REF]R$ TO ! ,PRIM>Y ,ASSEMBLIES4 ,! MAJORITY ( ! REVOLUTIONI/ HAV+ GONE TO ! FRONTI]S1 IT W\LD1 AS ,ROBESPI]RE SAID1 HAVE LEFT ! DECISION 0TO ! RI*1 ! NATURAL FRI5D ( MON>*Y1 TO ! SELFI%1 TO ! FEEBLE & ! C[>DLY1 TO ALL ! HAU<TY & >I/OCRATIC UPP] MIDDLE CLASS1 ALL ( !M M5 BORN TO ?RIVE & TO OPPRESS UND] A ,K+40 

,WE %ALL NEV] DIS5TANGLE ALL ! 9TRIGUES :I* W]E SET ON FOOT AT ?AT TIME 9 ,P>IS BETWE5 ! 0/ATESM540 ,IT IS 5\< TO SAY ?AT ON ,JANU>Y #a1 #a#g#i#c1 ,DUM\RIEZ HA/5$ TO ,P>IS & /AY$ !RE UNTIL ! #b?1 OCCUPI$ 9 CL&E/9E CONF]5CE ) ! V>I\S P>TIES1 :ILE ,DANTON REMA9$ UNTIL ,JANU>Y #ad ) ! >MY ( ,DUM\RIEZ4#c 

,AT LA/1 ON ! #a#d?1 AFT] AN EXTREMELY /ORMY DISCUSSION1 ! ,CONV5TION DECID$ TO VOTE1 BY NAME1 UPON ?REE QUE/IONS1 NAMELY1 TO KN[ :E!R ,L\IS ,X,V,I WAS GUILTY ( 0CONSPIR+ AGA9/ ! LIB]TY ( ! NATION1 & ( CRIM9AL ATTEMPTS AGA9/ ! G5]AL SAFETY ( ! ,/ATE02 :E!R ! S5T5CE %\LD BE SUBMITT$ TO ! SANCTION ( ! PEOPLE2 & :AT %\LD BE ! P5ALTY4 

,! ROLL-CALL BEGAN ! NEXT DAY1 ! #a#e?4 ,\T ( #gdi MEMB]S ( ! ,CONV5TION1 #gaf DECL>$ ,L\IS ,X,V,I GUILTY4 ,TWELVE MEMB]S W]E ABS5T ?R\< ILLNESS OR (FICIAL BUS9ESS1 & FIVE AB/A9$ FROM VOT+4 ,NO ONE SAID 0NOT GUILTY40 ,! APPEAL TO ! PEOPLE WAS REJECT$ BY #dbc VOTES \T ( ! #gi :O VOT$4 ,P>IS1 DUR+ ALL ?IS TIME1 WAS 9 A /ATE ( PR(\ND AGITATION1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! FAUBORGS4 

,! VOT+ BY NAME ON ! ?IRD QUE/ION -! P5ALTY -LA/$ TW5TY-FIVE CONSECUTIVE H\RS4 ,H]E AGA91 APP>5TLY ?R\< ! 9FLU5CE ( ! ,SPANI% AMBASSADOR1 & P]HAPS ) ! HELP ( HIS PIA/]S1 ONE DEPUTY1 ,MAILHE1 TRI$ TO /IR UP CONFUSION BY VOT+ = A REPRIEVE1 & HIS EXAMPLE WAS FOLL[$ BY TW5TY-SIX MEMB]S4 ,S5T5CE ( DEA?1 )\T ANY PROVISO1 WAS PRON\NC$ BY #*g \T ( #gba VOT]S1 !RE BE+ FIVE :O AB/A9$ FROM VOT+ & TWELVE ABS5T4 ,! S5T5CE WAS !RE=E PRON\NC$ ONLY BY A MAJORITY ( FIFTY-?REE VOICES -BY TW5TY-SIX ONLY1 IF WE EXCLUDE ! VOTES CONTA9+ CONDITIONS ( REPRIEVE4 ,& ?IS WAS AT A MOM5T :5 ALL ! EVID5CE W5T TO PROVE ?AT ! ,K+ HAD PLOTT$ TREASON2 & ?AT TO LET HIM LIVE WAS TO >M ONE-HALF ( ,FRANCE AGA9/ ! O!R1 TO DELIV] UP A L>GE P>T ( ,FRANCE TO ! =EIGN]S1 &1 F9ALLY1 TO /OP ! ,REVOLUTION AT ! TIME :51 AFT] ?REE YE>S ( HESITATION1 DUR+ :I* NO?+ DURABLE HAD BE5 EFFECT$1 AN OPPORTUNITY AT LA/ PRES5T$ ITSELF ( BROA*+ ! GREAT QUE/IONS :I* W]E ( SU* 9T5SE 9T]E/ TO ! C\NTRY4 

,BUT ! FE>S ( ! MIDDLE CLASSES W5T SO F> ?AT ON ! DAY ( ! ,K+'S EXECUTION !Y EXPECT$ A G5]AL MASSACRE4 

,ON ,JANU>Y #b#a1 ,L\IS ,X,V,I DI$ UPON ! SCAFFOLD4 ,ONE ( ! *IEF OB/ACLES TO ALL SOCIAL REG5]ATION )9 ! ,REPUBLIC EXI/$ NO LONG]4 ,!RE IS EVID5CE ?AT UP TO ! LA/ MOM5T ,L\IS HOP$ TO BE LIB]AT$ BY A RIS+1 & AN ATTEMPT TO C>RY HIM (F1 :5 ON ! WAY TO EXECUTION1 HAD 9 FACT BE5 >RANG$4 ,! VIGILANCE ( ! ,COMMUNE CAUS$ ?IS TO FAIL4 

,FOOTNOTES 

#a ,DUR+ ! TRIAL1 SOME ,GIRONDI/ DEPUTIES1 ?OSE ( ,CALVADOS 9 P>TICUL>1 WROTE TO !IR CON/ITU5TS ?AT ! 0,M\NTA90 WANT$ ! ,K+ TO BE PUT TO DEA? ONLY TO SET ! ,DUKE ( ,ORLEANS UPON ! ?RONE4 

#b ,F]S51 ! FRI5D ( ,M>IE-,ANTO9ETTE1 HAS 5T]$ 9 HIS PRIVATE DI>Y :AT !SE CONSPIRATORS W]E PREP>+ = ! ,FR5* PATRIOTS4 ,! ,M9I/] ( ,PRUSSIA1 ,B>ON DE ,BECK -,F]S5 WROTE -DISAPPROV$ L\DLY ( !IR NOT EXT]M9AT+ ! ,JACOB9S 9 ! T[NS ?R\< :I* !Y PASS$1 & ( !IR HAV+ %[N TOO MU* CLEM5CY4 ,AS TO ! ,C\NT DE ,M]CY1 HE SAID TO ,F]S5 ?AT GREAT SEV]ITY WAS NE$FUL1 & ?AT ,P>IS \<T TO BE SET ON FIRE AT ! F\R CORN]S4 

,ON ,SEPTEMB] #a#a1 ,F]S5 WROTE TO ! ,B>ON DE ,BRETEUIL ?AT1 AS ! T]RITORY CONQU]$ BY ! ,G]MAN >MIES YIELDS ONLY TO =CE1 0M]CY 9 SU* CASE APPE>S TO ME EXTREMELY P]NICI\S4 ,?IS IS ! MOM5T TO DE/ROY ! ,JACOB9S40 ,TO EXT]M9ATE ! LEAD]S 9 EV]Y PLACE ?R\< :I* ! ALLIES %\LD PASS1 SEEMS TO HIM TO BE ! BE/ MEANS3 0,WE MU/ NOT HOPE TO W9 !M OV] BY K9DNESS2 !Y MU/ BE EXT]M9AT$1 & ?IS IS ! MOM5T40 ,& ,BRETEUIL REPLIES TO HIM ?AT HE HAS SPOK5 ( IT TO ! ,DUKE ( ,BRUNSWICK4 ,BUT ! DUKE IS TOO MILD4 ,! ,K+ ( ,PRUSSIA APPE>S TO BE BETT]3 0,V>5NES1 = EXAMPLE1 WILL BE *A/IS$ ONE ( !SE DAYS40 ,VIDE ,LE ,COMTE DE ,F]S5 ET LA ,C\R DE ,FRANCE4 ,EXTRAIT DE PAPI]S444 PUBLIE P> SON PETIT-NEVEU1 LE ,B>ON ,R4 ,M4 DE ,KL9CK[/ROM 7,P>IS1 #a#h#g#g71 VOL4 II4 PP4 #cf ET SEQ4 

#c ,JAUR@&EGRAV2S HAS PO9T$ \T H]E AN IMPORTANT ]ROR 9 ,MI*ELET4 ,IT WAS ,DAUN\ :O1 ON ,JANU>Y #a#d1 PRON\NC$ ! SPEE* 9 FAVOR ( ! ,K+ ?AT ,MI*ELET HAS ATTRIBUT$ BY MI/AKE TO ,DANTON4 ,RETURN+ TO ,P>IS ON ,JANU>Y #a#e1 ,DANTON1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 MADE A P[]FUL SPEE* DEM&+ ! CONDEMNATION ( ,L\IS ,X,V,I4 ,IT W\LD BE IMPORTANT TO V]IFY ! ACCUSATION AGA9/ ,BRISSOT1 ,G5SONNE1 ,GUADET1 & ,PETION1 =MULAT$ BY ,BILLAUD-,V>5NES 9 HIS SPEE* ON ,JANU>Y #a#e1 #agic 7,PAMPHLET ( #cb PAGES1 PUBLI%$ BY ORD] ( ! ,CONV5TION4 ,BRITI% ,MUSEUM ,COLLECTION1 VOL4 ,F1 #a#i#g74 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aih 3 ,*APT] #* -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #a#i1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #* -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/