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,DELAYS 9 ! ,ABOLITION ( ! ,FEUDAL ,RI<TS 

#aiiaii 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,RUSSELL ,D>L+1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,! PEOPLE DESIRE TO ABOLI% FEUDAL SY/EM -- ,AIMS ( MIDDLE CLASSES -- ,GRADUAL E/RANGEM5T ( MIDDLE CLASSES & PEOPLE -- 0,AN>*I/S0 -- 0,GIROND9S0 -- ,IMPORTANCE ( FEUDAL QUE/ION 9 ,REVOLUTION -- ,AUGU/ #d1 #a<i -- ,REACTION>Y P>TY GA9S GR\ND -- ,HONOR>Y RI<TS & PR(ITABLE RI<TS -- ,DECREES ( ,FEBRU>Y #b#g1 #agi -- ,FEUDALISM /ILL OPPRESSES PEASANTS -- ,DIFFICULTIES ( PEASANTS 

,ACCORD+ AS ! ,REVOLUTION PROGRESS$1 ! TWO CURR5TS ( :I* WE HAVE SPOK5 9 ! BEG9N+ ( ?IS BOOK1 ! POPUL> CURR5T & ! MIDDLE-CLASS CURR5T1 BECAME MORE CLE>LY DEF9$-ESPECIALLY 9 ECONOMIC AFFAIRS4 

,! PEOPLE /ROVE TO PUT AN 5D TO ! FEUDAL SY/EM1 & !Y >D5TLY DESIR$ EQUALITY AS WELL AS LIB]TY4 ,SEE+ DELAYS1 !RE=E1 EV5 9 !IR /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,K+ & ! PRIE/S1 !Y LO/ PATI5CE & TRI$ TO BR+ ! ,REVOLUTION TO ITS LOGICAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,!Y =ESAW ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y 5?USIASM W\LD BE EXHAU/$ AT NO F> DI/ANT DAY1 & !Y /ROVE TO MAKE ! RETURN ( ! L&LORDS1 ! ROYAL DESPOTISM1 & ! REIGN ( ! RI* & ! PRIE/S IMPOSSIBLE = ALL TIME4 ,& = ?AT REASON !Y WI%$-AT LEA/ 9 V]Y MANY P>TS ( ,FRANCE-TO REGA9 POSSESSION ( ! L&S ?AT HAD BE5 FIL*$ FROM ! VILLAGE COMMUNITIES & DEM&$ AGR>IAN LAWS :I* W\LD ALL[ EV]Y ONE TO WORK ON ! L& IF HE WANT$1 & LAWS :I* W\LD PLACE ! RI* & ! POOR ON EQUAL T]MS AS REG>D$ !IR RI<TS AS CITIZ5S4 

,!Y REVOLT$ :5 !Y W]E COMPELL$ TO PAY ! TI!S1 & !Y MADE !MSELVES MA/]S ( ! MUNICIPALITIES1 SO ?AT !Y C\LD /RIKE AT ! PRIE/S & ! L&LORDS4 ,9 %ORT1 !Y MA9TA9$ REVOLUTION>Y CONDITIONS 9 ! GREAT] P>T ( ,FRANCE1 :IL/ 9 ,P>IS !Y KEPT CLOSE WAT* OV] ! LAW-MAK]S FROM ! VANTAGE-PO9TS ( ! GALL]IES 9 ! ,ASSEMBLY1 & 9 !IR CLUBS & MEET+S ( ! 0SECTIONS40 ,F9ALLY1 :5 IT BECAME NECESS>Y TO /RIKE A HEAVY BL[ AT ROYALTY1 ! PEOPLE ORGANIZ$ ! 9SURRECTION & F\<T >MS 9 H&1 ON ,JULY #a#d1 #a#g#h#i1 & ON ,AUGU/ #a1 #a#g#i#b4 

,! MIDDLE CLASSES1 ON !IR SIDE1 WORK$ ) ALL !IR MI<T TO COMPLETE 0! CONQUE/ ( P[]0-! PHRASE1 AS IS SE51 DATES FROM ?AT TIME4 ,ACCORD+ AS ! P[] ( ! ,K+ & ! ,C\RT CRUMBL$ & FELL 9TO CONTEMPT1 ! MIDDLE CLASSES DEVELOP$ !IR [N4 ,!Y TOOK UP A FIRM POSITION 9 ! PROV9CES1 & AT ! SAME TIME HA/5$ TO E/ABLI% !IR PRES5T & FUTURE WEAL?4 

,IF 9 C]TA9 REGIONS ! GREAT] PORTION ( ! PROP]TY CONFISCAT$ FROM ! EMIGRES & ! PRIE/S PASS$ 9 SMALL LOTS 9TO ! H&S ( ! POOR 7AT LEA/ ?IS IS :AT MAY BE GA!R$ FROM ! RESE>*ES ( ,L\T*ITZKY1#a7-9 O!R REGIONS AN IMM5SE PORTION ( !SE PROP]TIES S]V$ TO 5RI* ! MIDDLE CLASSES1 :IL/ ALL SORTS ( F9ANCIAL SPECULATIONS W]E LAY+ ! F\NDATIONS ( MANY A L>GE =TUNE AMONG ! ,?IRD ,E/ATE4 

,BUT :AT ! $UCAT$ MIDDLE CLASSES HAD ESPECIALLY BORNE 9 M9D-! ,REVOLUTION ( #afdh 9 ,5GL& S]V+ !M AS A MODEL-WAS ?AT N[ WAS ! TIME = !M TO SEIZE ! GOV]NM5T ( ,FRANCE1 & ?AT ! CLASS :I* W\LD GOV]N W\LD HAVE ! WEAL?-! MORE SO AS ! SPH]E ( ACTION ( ! ,/ATE WAS AB\T TO 9CREASE 5ORM\SLY ?R\< ! =MATION ( A L>GE /&+ >MY1 & ! REORGANIZATION ( PUBLIC 9/RUCTION1 JU/ICE1 ! LEVY+ ( TAXES1 & ALL ! RE/4 ,?IS HAD BE5 CLE>LY SE5 TO FOLL[ ! REVOLUTION 9 ,5GL&4 

,IT CAN BE UND]/OOD1 !RE=E1 ?AT AN ABYSS WAS EV] WID5+ BETWE5 ! MIDDLE CLASSES & ! PEOPLE 9 ,FRANCE2 ! MIDDLE CLASSES1 :O HAD WANT$ ! REVOLUTION & URG$ ! PEOPLE 9TO IT1 SO LONG AS !Y HAD NOT FELT ?AT 0! CONQUE/ ( P[]0 WAS ALREADY ACCOMPLI%$ TO !IR ADVANTAGE2 & ! PEOPLE1 :O HAD SE5 9 ! ,REVOLUTION ! MEANS ( FREE+ !MSELVES FROM ! D\BLE YOKE ( POV]TY & POLITICAL DISABILITY4 

,?OSE :O W]E DESCRIB$ AT ?AT TIME BY ! 0M5 ( ORD]0 & ! 0/ATESM50 AS 0! AN>*I/S10 HELP$ BY A C]TA9 NUMB] ( ! MIDDLE CLASS-SOME MEMB]S ( ! ,CLUB ( ! ,CORDELI]S & A FEW FROM ! ,CLUB ( ! ,JACOB9S-F\ND !MSELVES ON ONE SIDE4 ,AS = ! 0/ATES-M51 0 ! 0DEF5D]S ( PROP]TY10 AS !Y W]E !N CALL$1 !Y F\ND !IR FULL EXPRESSION 9 ! POLITICAL P>TY ( ?OSE :O BECAME KN[N LAT] ON AS 0! ,GIROND9S03 ?AT IS TO SAY1 9 ! POLITICIANS :O1 9 #a#g#i#b1 GA!R$ R\ND ,BRISSOT & ! M9I/] ,ROL&4 

,WE HAVE TOLD 9 *AP4 ,X,V4 TO :AT ! PRET5D$ ABOLITION ( ! FEUDAL RI<TS DUR+ ! NI<T ( ,AUGU/ #d WAS R$UC$ BY ! DECREES VOT$ BY ! ,ASSEMBLY FROM ,AUGU/ #e TO #a#a1 & WE N[ SEE :AT FUR!R DEVELOPM5TS W]E GIV5 TO ?IS LEGISLATION 9 ! YE>S #agi & #a#g#i#a4 

,BUT AS ?IS QUE/ION ( FEUDAL RI<TS DOM9ATES ! :OLE ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 & AS IT REMA9$ UNSOLV$ UNTIL #a#g#i#c1 AFT] ! ,GIROND9 *IEFS HAD BE5 EXPELL$ FROM ! ,CONV5TION1 ,I %ALL1 AT ! RISK ( A LITTLE REPETITION1 SUM UP ONCE MORE ! LEGISLATION ( ! MON? ( ,AUGU/ #a#g#h#i1 BE=E T\*+ UPON :AT WAS DONE 9 ! TWO FOLL[+ YE>S4 ,?IS IS ! MORE NECESS>Y AS A MO/ REGRETTABLE CONFUSION CONT9UES TO PREVAIL AB\T ?IS SUBJECT1 AL?\< ! ABOLITION ( ! FEUDAL RI<TS WAS ! PR9CIPAL WORK ( ! ,GREAT ,REVOLUTION4 ,OV] ?IS QUE/ION ! MA9 CONTE/S W]E F\<T1 BO? 9 RURAL ,FRANCE & 9 ! ,ASSEMBLY1 & \T ( ALL ! WORK ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 IT WAS ! ABOLITION ( !SE RI<TS :I* BE/ SURVIV$1 9 SPITE ( ! POLITICAL VICISSITUDES ?R\< :I* ,FRANCE PASS$ DUR+ ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 

,! ABOLITION ( ! FEUDAL RI<TS C]TA9LY DID NOT 5T] ! ?\<TS ( ?OSE :O CALL$ = SOCIAL R5OVATION BE=E #a#g#h#i4 ,ALL !Y 9T5D$ TO DO WAS TO AM5D ! ABUSES ( !SE RI<TS4 ,IT WAS EV5 ASK$ BY C]TA9 RE=M]S :E!R IT W\LD BE POSSIBLE 0TO DIM9I% ! SEIGNIORIAL PR]OGATIVE10 AS ,NECK] SAID4 ,IT WAS ! ,REVOLUTION ?AT PUT ! QUE/ION ( ABOLITION PURE & SIMPLE ( !SE RI<TS4 

 ,ALL PROP]TY1 )\T ANY EXCEPTION1 %ALL BE ALWAYS RESPECT$0-!Y MADE ! ,K+ SAY AT ! OP5+ ( ! ,/ATES-,G5]AL4 ,& IT WAS ADD$ ?AT 0HIS ,MAJE/Y EXPRESSLY UND]/&S BY ! WORD PROP]TY ! FEUDAL & SEIGNIORIAL TI!S1 LEVIES1 R5TS1 RI<TS & DUES &1 G5]ALLY SPEAK+1 ALL RI<TS & PR]OGATIVES PR(ITABLE OR HONOR>Y1 ATTA*$ TO ! E/ATES & TO ! FIEFS BELONG+ TO ANY P]SON40 

,NONE ( ! FUTURE REVOLUTIONI/S PROTE/$ !N AGA9/ ?IS 9T]PRETATION ( ! RI<TS ( ! LORDS & ! L&$ PROPRIETORS ALTOGE!R4 

0,BUT10 SAYS ,DALLOZ-! WELL-KN[N AU?OR ( ! ,REP]TOIRE DE JURISPRUD5CE1 :OM C]TA9LY NO ONE WILL TAX ) REVOLUTION>Y EXAGG]ATION-0! AGRICULTURAL POPULATIONS DID NOT ?US 9T]PRET ! LIB]TIES PROMIS$ TO !M2 EV]Y:]E ! VILLAGES ROSE UP2 ! *ATEAUX W]E BURN$1 & ! >*IVES & ! PLACES :]E ! RECORDS ( FEUDAL DUES W]E KEPT W]E DE/ROY$2 & 9 A GREAT MANY LOCALITIES ! L&LORDS GAVE !IR SIGNATURES TO DOCUM5TS R5\NC+ !IR RI<TS40 #b 

,!N1 9 ! DISMAL BLAZE ( ! BURN+ *ATEAUX & ! PEASANT 9SURRECTION :I* ?REAT5$ TO ASSUME /ILL GREAT] PROPORTIONS1 TOOK PLACE ! SITT+ ( ,AUGU/ #d1 #a#g#h#i4 

,AS WE HAVE SE51 ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY VOT$ DUR+ ?AT MEMORABLE NI<T A DECREE1 OR RA!R A DECL>ATION ( PR9CIPLES1 ( :I* ! FIR/ >TICLE WAS 0,! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY DE/ROYS COMPLETELY ! FEUDAL SY/EM40 

,! IMPRESSION PRODUC$ BY ?OSE WORDS WAS IMM5SE4 ,!Y %OOK ALL ,FRANCE & ,EUROPE4 ,! SITT+ ( ?AT NI<T WAS DESCRIB$ AS A 0,SA9T ,B>?OLOMEW ( PROP]TY40 ,BUT ! V]Y NEXT DAY1 AS WE SAW ALREADY1 ! ,ASSEMBLY *ANG$ ITS M9D4 ,BY A S]IES ( DECREES1 OR RA!R ( RESOLUTIONS PASS$ ON ,AUGU/ #e1 #f1 #h1 #a & #a#a1 !Y RE-E/ABLISB$ & PLAC$ UND] ! PROTECTION ( ! ,CON/ITUTION ALL ?AT WAS ESS5TIAL 9 ! FEUDAL RI<TS4 ,R5\NC+1 ) C]TA9 EXCEPTIONS1 ! P]SONAL S]VICES ?AT W]E DUE TO !M1 ! LORDS GU>D$ ) ALL ! MORE C>E ?OSE ( !IR RI<TS1 (T5 QUITE AS MON/R\S1 :I* C\LD 9 ! SLI<TE/ WAY BE MADE TO REPRES5T R5TS DUE = ! POSSESSION OR ! USE ( ! L&-! REAL RI<TS1 AS ! LAW-MAK]S SAID 7RI<TS OV] ?+S-RES 9 ,LAT9 SIGNIFY+ ?+S74 ,!SE W]E NOT ONLY ! R5TS = L&$ PROP]TY1 BUT ALSO A GREAT NUMB] ( PAYM5TS & DUES1 9 MONEY & 9 K9D1 V>Y+ ) ! PROV9CE1 E/ABLI%$ AT ! TIME ( ! ABOLITION ( S]FDOM & ATTA*$ !NCE=? TO ! POSSESSION ( ! L&4 ,ALL !SE EXACTIONS HAD BE5 5T]$ 9 ! T]RI]S OR L&$E/ATE RECORDS1 & S9CE !N !SE RI<TS HAD (T5 BE5 SOLD OR CONC$$ TO ?IRD P>TIES4 

,! *AMP>TS1 ! T]RI]S1 ! AGRI]S COMPTANTS & SO ON #c & ! TI!S TOO-EV]Y?+1 9 %ORT1 ?AT HAD A PECUNI>Y VALUE-W]E MA9TA9$ 9 FULL4 ,! PEASANTS OBTA9$ ONLY ! RI<T TO R$EEM !SE DUES1 IF SOME DAY !Y W\LD COME TO AN AGREEM5T ) ! L&LORD AB\T ! PRICE ( ! R$EMPTION4 ,BUT ! ,ASSEMBLY TOOK GOOD C>E NEI!R TO FIX A T]M = ! R$EMPTION NOR TO DET]M9E ITS RATE4 

,9 REALITY1 EXCEPT ?AT ! IDEA ( FEUDAL PROP]TY WAS %AK5 BY ,>TICLE ,I ( ! RESOLUTIONS ( ,AUGU/ #e TO #a#a1 EV]Y?+ :I* CONC]N$ DUES REPUT$ TO BE ATTA*$ TO ! USE ( ! L& REMA9$ JU/ AS IT WAS1 & ! MUNICIPALITIES W]E ORD]$ TO BR+ ! PEASANTS TO REASON IF !Y DID NOT PAY4 ,WE HAVE SE5 H[ F]OCI\SLY C]TA9 ( !M C>RI$ \T !SE 9/RUCTIONS4#d 

,WE HAVE SE51 FUR!RMORE1 9 ! NOTE WRITT5 BY FRI5D ,JAMES ,GUILLAUME#e  ?AT ! ,ASSEMBLY1 BY SPECIFY+ 9 ONE ( ITS ACTS ( ,AUGU/ #a<i ?AT !SE W]E ONLY 0RESOLUTIONS10 GAVE !MSELVES1 BY ?IS1 ! ADVANTAGE ( NOT HAV+ TO REQUIRE ! ,K+'S SANCTION4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME1 ! ACTS W]E ?US DEPRIV$ ( ! *>ACT] ( LAW1 SO LONG AS !IR PROVISIONS HAD NOT BE5 PUT 9TO ! %APE ( CON/ITUTIONAL DECREES4 ,NO OBLIGATORY *>ACT] WAS ATTA*$ !M3 LEGALLY1 NO?+ HAD BE5 DONE4 

,H[EV]1 EV5 !SE 0RESOLUTIONS0 SEEM$ TOO ADVANC$ TO ! L&LORDS & TO ! ,K+4 ,! LATT] TRI$ TO GA9 TIME1 SO AS NOT TO HAVE !M PROMULGAT$1 & ON ,SEPTEMB] #ah HE WAS /ILL ADDRESS+ REMON/RANCES TO ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY ASK+ !M TO RECONSID] !IR RESOLUTIONS4 ,HE ONLY DECID$ ON !IR PROMULGATION ON ,OCTOB] #f1 AFT] ! WOM5 HAD BR\<T HIM BACK TO ,P>IS & PLAC$ HIM UND] ! SUP]- VISION ( ! PEOPLE4 ,BUT !N IT WAS ! ,ASSEMBLY ?AT TURN$ A DEAF E>4 ,!Y MADE UP !IR M9DS TO PROMULGATE ! RESOLUTIONS ONLY ON ,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#g#h#i1 :5 !Y S5T !M \T = PROMULGATION TO ! PROV9CIAL P>LEM5TS 7C\RTS ( JU/ICE72 SO ?AT 9 REALITY ! RESOLUTIONS ( ,AUGU/ #e TO #aa W]E NEV] ACTUALLY PROMULGAT$4 

,9 SU* CONDITIONS ! PEASANTS' REVOLT HAD NECESS>ILY TO GO ON1 & ?AT IS :AT HAPP5$4 ,! REPORT ( ! ,FEUDAL ,COMMITTEE1 MADE BY ,ABBE ,GREGOIRE 9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#g#i1 /AT$1 9 FACT1 ?AT ! PEASANT 9SURRECTION WAS /ILL GO+ ON & ?AT IT HAD GA9$ 9 /R5G? S9CE ! MON? ( ,JANU>Y4 ,IT WAS SPREAD+ FROM ! ,EA/ TO ! ,WE/4 

,BUT 9 ,P>IS ! P>TY ( REACTION HAD ALREADY GA9$ MU* GR\ND S9CE ,OCTOB] #f4 ,!RE=E1 :5 ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY UND]TOOK ! DISCUSSION ( ! FEUDAL RI<TS AFT] ,GREGOIRE'S REPORT1 !Y LEGISLAT$ 9 A REACTION>Y SPIRIT4 ,9 REALITY ! DECREES :I* !Y PASS$ FROM ,FEBRU>Y #bh TO ,M>* #e & ON ,JUNE #a#h1 #a#g#i1 HAD AS CONSEQU5CE ! REE/ABLI%+ ( ! FEUDAL SY/EM 9 ALL ?AT WAS ( IMPORTANCE4 

,?AT1 AS CAN BE SE5 BY ! DOCUM5TS ( ! P]IOD1 WAS ! OP9ION ( ?OSE :O WI%$ = ! ABOLITION ( FEUDALISM4 !Y DESCRIB$ ! DECREES ( #agi AS REE/ABLI%+ FEUDALISM4  

,TO BEG9 )1 ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! HONOR>Y RI<TS1 ABOLI%$ )\T R$EMPTION1 & ! PR(ITABLE RI<TS :I* ! PEASANTS HAD TO R$EEM1 WAS MA9TA9$ COMPLETELY1 & CONFIRM$2 &1 :AT WAS WORSE1 SEV]AL P]SONAL FEUDAL RI<TS1 HAV+ BE5 CLASS$ AS PR(ITABLE RI<TS1 W]E N[ 0COMPLETELY ASSIMILAT$ ) ! SIMPLE R5TS & *>GES ON ! L&40 #f  ,SOME RI<TS1 !RE=E1 ?AT W]E M]E USURPATIONS1 M]E VE/IGES ( P]SONAL S]VITUDE & %\LD HAVE BE5 CONDEMN$ ON ACC\NT ( !IR ORIG91 W]E N[ PUT UPON ! SAME FOOT+ AS OBLIGATIONS RESULT+ FROM ! LOCATION ( ! L&4 

,= NONPAYM5T ( !SE DUES1 ! LORD1 EV5 ?\< HAD LO/ ! RI<T ( 0FEUDAL SEIZURE0 #g  C\LD EX]CISE CON/RA9T ( ALL K9DS1 ACCORD+ TO ! COMMON LAW4 ,! FOLL[+ >TICLE CONFIRMS ?IS3 0,! FEUDAL DUES & TAXES 7DROITS FEODAUX ET C5SUELS71 TOGE!R ) ALL SALES1 R5TS & RI<TS ?AT >E R$EEMABLE BY !IR NATURE1 %ALL BE SUBJECT1 UNTIL !IR R$EMPTION1 TO ! RULES ?AT ! V>I\S LAWS & CU/OMS ( ! K+DOM HAVE E/ABLI%$40 

,! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY W5T /ILL FUR!R4 ,9 !IR SITT+ ( ,FEBRU>Y #b#g1 FOLL[+ ! OP9ION ( ,M]L91 !Y CONFIRM$1 9 A GREAT NUMB] ( CASES1 ! RI<T ( S]FDOM 9 MORTMA94 ,!Y DECRE$ ?AT 0! L&$ RI<TS ( :I* ! T5URE 9 MORTMA9 HAD BE5 CONV]T$ 9TO T5URE BY ANNUAL R5T NOT BE+ REPRES5TATIVE ( ! MORTMA91 %\LD BE PRES]V$40 

,SO MU* DID ! MIDDLE CLASSES HOLD TO ?IS H]ITAGE ( S]FDOM ?AT ,>TICLE #d ( *AP4 III4 ( ! NEW LAW DECL>$1 ?AT 0IF ! MORTMA91 REAL OR MIX$1 HAS BE5 CONV]T$ S9CE ! 5FRAN*ISEM5T 9TO DUES ON ! L&1 OR 9TO RI<TS ( MUTATION1 !SE DUES %ALL CONT9UE TO BE [$40 

,ALTOGE!R1 ! READ+ ( ! DISCUSSION 9 ! ,ASSEMBLY ON ! FEUDAL RI<TS SUGGE/S ! QUE/ION-:E!R IT WAS REALLY 9 ,M>* #a#g#i1 AFT] ! TAK+ ( ! ,BA/ILLE1 & ON ,AUGU/ #d ?AT !SE DISCUSSIONS TOOK PLACE1 OR W]E !Y /ILL AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! REIGN ( ,L\IS ,X,V,I 9 ! YE> #a#g#g#e4 

,?US1 ON ,M>* #a1 #a#g#i1 C]TA9 RI<TS 0( FIRE1444 *I5NAGE 7K5NELS71 MONEAGE 7CO9+71 ( WAT* & W>D10 AS WELL AS C]TA9 RI<TS OV] ! SALES & PUR*ASES BY ! VASSALS W]E ABOLI%$4 ,ONE W\LD HAVE ?\<T1 H[EV]1 ?AT !SE RI<TS HAD BE5 ABOLI%$1 )\T R$EMPTION1 DUR+ ! NI<T ( ,AUGU/ #d4 ,BUT IT WAS NO?+ ( ! K9D4 ,LEGALLY1 9 #a#g#i1 ! PEASANTS1 9 MANY P>TS ( ,FRANCE1 /ILL D>$ NOT BUY A C[1 NOR EV5 SELL !IR :EAT1 )\T PAY+ DUES TO ! LORD4 ,!Y C\LD NOT EV5 SELL !IR CORN BE=E ! LORD HAD SOLD HIS & HAD PR(IT$ BY ! HI< PRICES ?AT PREVAIL$ BE=E MU* ( ! CORN HAD BE5 ?RE%$4 

,H[EV]1 ONE MI<T ?9K ?AT AT LA/ !SE RI<TS W]E ABOLI%$ ON ,M>* #a1 AS WELL AS ALL ! DUES LEVI$ BY ! LORDS ON ! COMMON OV51 ! MILL1 OR ! W9E-PRESS4 ,BUT WE MU/ NOT JUMP TO CONCLUSIONS4 ,!Y W]E ABOLI%$1 TRUE 5\<1 BUT ) ! EXCEPTION ( ?OSE CASES :]E !Y =M]LY BE5 ! SUBJECT ( A WRITT5 AGREEM5T BETWE5 ! LORD & ! PEASANT COMMUNE1  OR W]E CONSID]$ AS PAYABLE 9 EX*ANGE = SOME  CONCESSION OR O!R4 

,PAY1 PEASANT6 ALWAYS PAY6 & DO NOT TRY TO GA9 TIME1 = !RE W\LD BE AN IMM$IATE DI/RA9T1 & !N Y\ ONLY SAVE Y\RSELF BY W9N+ Y\R CASE BE=E A LAW-C\RT4 

,?IS SEEMS H>D TO BELIEVE1 BUT SO IT WAS4 ,H]E IS ! TEXT (1 ,>TICLE #b1 *AP4 III41 ( ! NEW FEUDAL LAWS4 ,IT IS RA!R LONG1 BUT IT DES]VES TO BE REPRODUC$1 BECAUSE IT LETS US SEE :AT SLAV]Y ! FEUDAL LAW ( ,FEBRU>Y #bd TO ,M>* #a#e1 #a#g#i1 LEFT /ILL CRU%+ D[N ! PEASANT4 

0,>TICLE #b4-,& >E PRESUM$ R$EEMABLE1 EXCEPT !RE IS PRO( TO ! CONTR>Y 7:I* MEANS '%ALL BE PAID BY ! PEASANT UNTIL HE HAS R$EEM$ !M'73 

07#a7 ,ALL ! SEIGNIORIAL ANNUAL DUES1 9 MONEY1 GRA91 P\LTRY1 FOOD-/UFFS ( ALL K9DS1 & FRUITS ( ! E>?1 PAID UND] ! D5OM9ATION ( QUIT-R5TS1 OV]-R5TS1 FEUDAL R5TS1 MANORIAL OR EMPHYTEUTIC1 *AMP]TY1 TASQUE1 T]RAGE1 AGRI] 7RI<TS ON ! PRODUCE ( L&S & FIELDS1 OR ON ! T5ANT'S LABOR71 SOETE1 ACTUAL =C$ LABOR1 OR ANY O!R D5OM9ATION :ATSOEV]1 :I* >E PAYABLE OR DUE ONLY BY ! PROPRIETOR OR HOLD] ( A PIECE ( L&1 SO LONG AS HE IS PROPRIETOR OR HOLD]1 & HAS ! RI<T ( CONT9U+ 9 POSSESSION4 

07#b7 ,ALL ! OCCASIONAL FEES 7CASUELS7 :I*1 UND] ! NAME ( QU9T 7FIF?71 REQU9T 7TW5TY-FIF?71 TREIZA9S 7?IRTE5?71 LODS 7DUES ON SALES ( 9H]ITANCE71 LODS ET V5TES1 MI-LODS1 R$EMPTIONS1 V5T]OLLES1 RELIEFS1 RELEVOISONS1 PLEAS1 & ANY O!R D5OM9ATIONS :ATSOEV]1 >E DUE ON ACC\NT ( SUP]V5+ MUTATIONS 9 ! PROP]TY OR ! POSSESSION ( A PIECE ( L&4 

07#c7 ,! RI<TS ( ACAPTS 7RI<TS ON SUCCESSION71 ACAPTS 9 >RE>S 7>RI]E-ACAPTS7 & O!R SIMIL> RI<TS DUE ON ! MUTATION ( ! =M] LORDS40 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ! ,ASSEMBLY1 ON ,M>* #i1 SUPPRESS$ V>I\S RI<TS ( TOLL ON ! HI< ROADS1 CANALS1 @&C41 :I* W]E LEVI$ BY ! LORDS4 ,BUT IMM$IATELY AFT]W>DS !Y TOOK C>E TO ADD ! FOLL[+ CLAUSE3 

,IT IS NOT TO BE UND]/OOD1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY 9CLUDES1 AS REG>DS ! PRES5T1 9 ! SUPPRESSION DECL>$ BY ! PREC$+ >TICLE1 ! AU?ORIZ$ TOLL-GATES444 @&C41 & ! DUTIES M5TION$ 9 ! >TICLE A=ESAID :I* MAY HAVE BE5 ACQUIR$ AS COMP5SATION40 ,?IS MEANT ?AT MANY ( ! LORDS HAD SOLD OR MORTGAG$ C]TA9 ( !IR RI<TS2 OR ELSE1 9 CASES ( 9H]ITANCE1 ! ELDE/ SON HAV+ SUCCE$$ TO ! E/ATE OR ! *ATEAUX1 ! O!RS1 MORE ESPECIALLY ! DAU<T]S1 RECEIV$ AS COMP5SATION C]TA9 RI<TS ( TOLL OV] ! HI<WAYS1 ! CANALS1 OR ! BRIDGES4 ,9 !SE CASES1 !RE=E1 ALL ! RI<TS REMA9$1 AL?\< RECOGNIZ$ AS BE+ UNJU/1 BECAUSE1 O!RWISE1 IT W\LD HAVE MEANT A LOSS TO SOME MEMB]S ( NOBLE OR MIDDLE-CLASS FAMILIES4 

,CASES LIKE !SE RECURR$ ALL ?R\< ! NEW FEUDAL LAW4 ,AFT] EA* SUPPRESSION ( FEUDAL RI<T SOME SUBT]FUGE WAS 9S]T$ TO EVADE IT4 ,SO ?AT ! RESULT W\LD HAVE LAWSUITS )\T 5D4 

,!RE WAS ONLY ONE S+LE PO9T :]E ! BREA? ( ! ,REVOLUTION REALLY MADE ITSELF FELT1 & ?IS WAS ON ! QUE/ION ( ! TI!S4 ,IT WAS DECID$ ?AT ALL TI!S1 ECCLESIA/ICAL & 5FE(F$ 7:I* MEANS SOLD TO ! LAITY71 %\LD CEASE FROM ,JANU>Y #a#g#i#a4 ,BUT H]E AGA9 ! ,ASSEMBLY DECRE$ ?AT = ! YE> #agi !Y W]E TO BE PAID TO :OM !Y W]E DUE1 0& 9 FULL40 

,?IS IS NOT ALL4 ,!Y DID NOT =GET TO IMPOSE P5ALTIES ON ?OSE :O MI<T DISOBEY ?IS DECREE1 & ON OP5+ ! DISCUSSION ( *AP4 III4 ( ! FEUDAL LAW1 ! ,ASSEMBLY 5ACT$3 0,NO MUNICIPALITY OR ADM9I/RATION ( DI/RICT OR DDEP>TM5T %ALL BE ABLE1 ON PA9 ( NULLITY & ( BE+ PROSECUT$ AS A GUILTY P>TY & HAV+ TO PAY ! DAMAGES1 AS SU*1 TO PROHIBIT ! COLLECTION ( ANY ( ! SEIGNIORIAL DUES1 ( :I* PAYM5T %ALL BE ASK$ UND] ! PRETEXT ?AT !Y HAVE BE5 IMPLICITLY OR EXPLICITLY SUPPRESS$ )\T COMP5SATION40 

,!RE WAS NO?+ TO FE> FROM ! (FICIALS ( EI!R ! DI/RICTS OR ! DEP>TM5TS2 !Y W]E1 ESPECIALLY ! LATT]1 BODY & S\L ) ! LORDS & ! MIDDLE-CLASS L&[N]S4 ,BUT !RE W]E MUNICIPALITIES1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! ,EA/ ( ,FRANCE1 ( :I* ! REVOLUTIONI/S HAD TAK5 POSSESSION1 & !SE W\LD TELL ! PEASANTS ?AT SU* & SU* FEUDAL DUES HAD BE5 SUPPRESS$1 & ?AT1 IF ! LORDS CLAIM$ !M1 !Y NE$ NOT BE PAID4 

,N[1 UND] P5ALTY ( BE+ !MSELVES PROSECUT$ OR DI/RA9$ UPON1 ! MUNICIPAL C\NCILORS ( A VILLAGE WILL NOT D>E TO SAY ANY?+1 & ! PEASANT WILL HAVE TO PAY1 & !Y MU/ DI/RA9 UPON HIM4 ,HE WILL ONLY BE AT LIB]TY1 IF ! PAYM5T WAS NOT DUE1 TO CLAIM REIMBURSEM5T LAT] ON FROM ! LORD1 :O1 BY ?AT TIME1 MAY HAVE EMIGRAT$ TO ,COBL5TZ4 

,?IS WAS 9TRODUC+-AS ,M4 ,SAGNAC HAS WELL SAID-A T]RIBLE CLAUSE4 ,! PRO( ?AT ! PEASANT NO LONG] [$ C]TA9 FEUDAL DUES1 ?AT !Y W]E P]SONAL1 & NOT ATTA*$ TO ! L&-?IS PRO(1 SO DIFFICULT TO MAKE1 RE/$ ) ! PEASANT4 ,IF HE DID NOT MAKE IT1 IF HE C\LD NOT MAKE IT-AS WAS NE>LY ALWAYS ! CASE-HE HAD TO PAY6 

,FOOTNOTES 

#a,IZVE/IA 7,BULLET97 ( ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,KIEFF1 ,YE> ,X,X,X,V,I,I1 ,NOS4 #c & #h 7,RUSSIAN74 

#b,DALLOZ1 >TICLE ,FEODALISME4 

#c ,%>ES ( ! PRODUCE ( ! L&1 TAXES ON IT1 C\RT ROLLS1 @&C4 

#d ,!SE FACTS1 :I* >E 9 COMPLETE CONTRADICTION TO ! UNMEASUR$ PRAISE LAVI%$ ON ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY BY MANY HI/ORIANS1 ,I FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 AN >TICLE ON ! ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,GREAT ,REVOLUTION 9 ! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY1 ,JUNE #a#h#h#i1 & AFT]W>DS 9 A S]IES ( >TICLES 9 ,LA ,REVOLTE = #ahib & #a#h#i#c1 & REPUBLI%$ 9 PAMPHLET =M UND] ! TITLE ,LA ,GR&E ,REVOLUTION1 ,P>IS1 #a#h#i#c4 ,! ELABORATE WORK ( ,M4 ,PH4 ,SAGNAC 7,LA LEGISLATION CIVILE DE LA ,REVOLUTION FRANCAISE1 #a#g#h#i-#a#h#d3 ,ESSAI D'HI/OIRE SOCIALE1 ,P>IS1 #a#h#i#h7 HAS S9CE CONFIRM$ ?IS PO9T ( VIEW4 ,AFT] ALL1 IT WAS NOT A QUE/ION ( A MORE CORRECT 9T]PRETATION ( FACTS1 IT WAS A QUE/ION ( ! FACTS !MSELVES4 ,& TO BE CONV9C$ ( ?IS1 ONE HAS ONLY TO CONSULT ANY COLLECTION ( ! LAWS ( ! ,FR5* ,/ATE-SU* AS IS CONTA9$1 = 9/ANCE1 9 ! WELL-KN[N ,REP]TOIRE DE JURISPRUD5CE1 BY ,DALLOZ4 ,!RE WE HAVE1 EI!R 9 FULL OR 9 A FAI?FUL SUMM>Y1 ALL ! LAWS CONC]N+ L&$ PROP]TY1 BO? PRIVATE & COMMUNAL1 :I* >E NOT TO BE F\ND 9 ! HI/ORIES ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,FROM ?IS S\RCE ,I HAVE DRAWN1 & IT WAS BY1 /UDY+ ! TEXTS ( !SE LAWS ?AT ,I HAVE COME TO UND]/& ! REAL MEAN+ ( ! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION & ITS 9N] /RUGGLES4 

#e,SEE ABOVE1 *AP4 XVIII4 

#f0,ALL HONOR>Y DI/9CTIONS1 SUP]IORITY & P[] RESULT+ FROM ! FEUDAL SY/EM >E ABOLI%$4 ,AS = ?OSE PR(ITABLE RI<TS :I* WILL CONT9UE TO EXI/ UNTIL !Y >E R$EEM$1 !Y >E COMPLETELY ASSIMILAT$ TO ! SIMPLE R5TS & *>GES ON ! L&0 7,LAW ( ,FEBRU>Y #b#d1 ,>TICLE ,I ( *AP4 I474 

#g ,>TICLE #f4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aih 3 ,*APT] #bf -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #a#h1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #bf -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/