,! ,FIR/ ,WORK ( ! ,REVOLUTION 

#ahhg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,$ITOR 3 ,*>LOTTE ,WILSON 

,TAGS 3 REORGANIZATION ( 9DU/RY1 SOCIAL RE=M]S1 SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 POLITICAL ECONOMY1 CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 WORK+ CLASSES1 REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD1 EXPORT TRADE1 PRODUCTION1 9DU/RY4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ADAMPADAM1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,:ATEV] TURN1 PACIFIC OR W>LIKE1 EV5TS MAY TAKE :5 ! TIME HAS COME = A ?OR\< MODIFICATION ( PRES5T CONDITIONS1 ?OSE :O WILL TAKE AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ! MOVEM5T WILL F9D TWO DIFF]5T C\RSES OP5 TO !M2 & UPON !IR *OICE WILL DEP5D ! SUCCESS OR ! FAILURE ( ! ATTEMPT4 

,DEEPLY IMBU$ ) ! TEA*+S ( ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY1 :I* HAS DEVOT$ ITS *IEF ATT5TION TO ! BE/ MEANS ( 9CREAS+ ! 9T5SITY ( ! PRES5T CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION2 ACCU/OM$ TO REASON UND] ! OP5 OR UNSPOK5 PRESUMPTION ?AT ! ECONOMICAL LIFE ( A ,SOCIETY CANNOT BUT BE ORGANIZ$ ON SOME K9D ( WAGE-SY/EM1 @&_?#a#e2MO/ SOCIAL RE=M]S HAVE BUILT UP !IR S*EMES ( RE=M ON ! SUPPOSITION ?AT \R 5DEAVORS MU/ BE M]ELY DIRECT$ T[>DS SOME IMPROVEM5T ( ! PRES5T SY/EM ( WAGE-PAYM5T1 & IT IS USUALLY SUPPOS$ ?AT ?IS IMPROVEM5T W\LD RESULT FROM ! ,/ATE1 OR ! ,MUNICIPALITY1 TAK+ 9DU/RY UND] !IR MANAGEM5T1 & ELIM9AT+ ! PRES5T [N]S ( L& & CAPITAL4 

,9 ! OP9ION ( !SE P]SONS ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 AFT] HAV+ PROCLAIM$ ! RI<TS ( ! NATION TO ITS SOIL1 M9ES1 MA*9]Y1 & MEANS ( COMMUNICATION1 & AFT] HAV+ EXPROPRIAT$ ! PRES5T [N]S ( !SE NECESSITIES ( PRODUCTION1 \<T TO ORGANIZE 9DU/RY SO AS TO GU>ANTEE TO ! WORK] 0 ! FULL VALUE ( HIS LABOR10 & ?US TO PREV5T ANYBODY FROM POCKET+ = HIMSELF ! SURPLUS-VALUE4 ADD$ BY ! LABOR] TO ! COTTON & WOOL :I* HE TRANS=MS 9TO /UFFS1 TO ! COAL :I* HE BR+S TO ! SURFACE ( ! E>?1 OR TO ! METALS HE TRANS=MS 9TO TOOLS OR MA*9ES4 ,BUT1 AS F> AS WE UND]/& ! SOCIAL RE=M]S BELONG+ TO ?IS S*OOL1 !Y CONSID] IT QUITE POSSIBLE PROVISIONALLY TO MA9TA9 EXI/+ 9DU/RY AS IT IS1 BO? AS TO ! K9DS ( PRODUCE IT BR+S TO M>KET1 & ! T]RITORIAL DI/RIBUTION ( ! V>I\S WORK%OPS & MANUFACTURES4 ,AS TO H[ ! V]Y FIR/ NE$S ( ! PRODUC]@&_?#a#e2?OSE ( FOOD1 ( %ELT]1 ( CLO?+1 & SO ON-%\LD BE SATISFI$1 WE MU/ RECOGNIZE ?AT !SE GRAVE QUE/IONS >E RA!R DRIV5 9TO ! BACK-GR\ND 9 ! S*EMES ( ALL SOCIAL RE=M]S ( ! ,COLLECTIVI/ & PREVI\S S*OOLS4 

,WELL1 IT SEEMS TO US ,COMMUNI/-,AN>*I/S1 ?AT IF ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION %\LD REALLY FOLL[ ?IS C\RSE1 IT W\LD BE DOOM$ BE=EH& TO BE DEFEAT$1 & TO BE CRU%$ 9 ! BLOOD ( ! WORK+ CLASSES4 

,WE HAVE ALREADY SAID ?AT !1 ABOLITION ( PRIVATE [N]%IP ( L&1 M9ES1 MA*9]Y1 & PRODUCTIVE CAPITAL ALTOGE!R1 SURELY WILL BE ! DI/9CTIVE FEATURE ( ANY MOVEM5T WOR?Y ( ! NAME ( ,SOCIALI/2 & WE HAVE SAID1 MOREOV]1 ?AT NO ,P>LIAM5T1 NO ,GOV]NM5T CAN DO ?IS4 ,! EXPROPRIATION CAN BE C>RI$ \T ONLY BY LOCAL 9ITIATIVE1 BY LOCAL ACTION1 BY BE+ NOT ONLY WRITT5 ON PAP]1 BUT ACCOMPLI%$ DE FACTO4 

,BUT SUPPOSE IT IS DONE2 ?AT IS1 SUPPOSE ! NATION HAS L\DLY PROCLAIM$ ?AT ! SOIL1 ! H\SES !REUPON & ! M9ES B5EA?1 ! FACTORIES & RAILWAYS1 >E ! PROP]TY ( ! NATION1 & SUPPOSE ?AT EV5 ! IDEA IS SO RIPE ?AT NO S]I\S OBJECTIONS >E RAIS$ AGA9/ IT @&_?#a#e2:AT NEXT8 

,IT IS NOT 5\< TO PROCLAIM1 0,!SE FACTORIES >E \RS10 & TO PUT ON !M ! 9SCRIPTION1 0,NATIONAL ,PROP]TY40 ,!Y WILL BECOME \RS :5 WE REALLY BR+ !M 9TO ACTION1 :5 WE USE !M & SET !IR MA*9]Y AT WORK4 ,BUT H[ WILL ?AT BE DONE8 
 ,WE >E ANSW]$1 0,! ,/ATE WILL DO ?AT1 & IT WILL PAY WAGES1 EI!R 9 MONEY OR 9 'LABOR NOTES4' ,BUT IT SEEMS TO US ?AT ?OSE :O ANSW] ! QUE/ION 9 ?IS WAY1 >E M]ELY PAY+ A TRIBUTE TO ! FALSE & PORT5TI\S PSEUDO-SCI5CE :I* MIDDLE-CLASS PEOPLE HAVE ELABORAT$ UND] ! NAME ( ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY4 ,!IR PO9T ( VIEW IS ALTOGE!R WRONG2 BECAUSE1 9/EAD ( BAS+ \R REASON+S ON ! PRES5T PRODUCTION WE \<T TO BASE !M ON CONSUMPTION4 ,PRODUCTION IS1 = US1 ! M]E S]VANT ( CONSUMPTION2 IT MU/ MOLD ITSELF ON ! WANTS ( ! CONSUM]1 NOT DICTATE TO HIM CONDITIONS4 

,SUPPOSE WE HAVE 5T]$ A REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD1 ) OR )\T CIVIL W>@&_?#a#e2IT DOES NOT MATT]1@&_?#a#e2A P]IOD :5 OLD 9/ITUTIONS >E FALL+ 9TO RU9S & NEW ONES >E GR[+ 9 !IR PLACE4 ,! MOVEM5T MAY BE LIMIT$ TO ONE ,/ATE1 OR SPREAD OV] ! WORLD1@&_?#a#e2IT WILL HAVE NEV]!LESS ! SAME CONSEQU5CE3 AN IMM$IATE SLACK5+ ( 9DIVIDUAL 5T]PRISE ALL OV] ,EUROPE4 ,CAPITAL WILL CONCEAL ITSELF1 & HUNDR$S ( CAPITALI/S WILL PREF] TO AB&ON !IR UND]TAK+S & GO TO WAT]+-PLACES RA!R ?AN TO RISK !IR UNFIX$ CAPITAL 9 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION4 ,& WE KN[ H[ A RE/RICTION ( PRODUCTION 9 ANY ONE BRAN* ( 9DU/RY AFFECTS MANY O!RS1 & !SE 9 !IR TURN SPREAD WID] & WID] ! >EA ( DEPRESSION4 

,ALREADY1 AT ?IS MOM5T1 MILLIONS ( ?OSE :O HAVE CREAT$ ALL RI*ES SUFF] FROM WANT ( :AT MU/ BE CONSID]$ AS NECESS>IES = ! LIFE ( A CIVILIZ$ MAN4 ,ALREADY HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S >E 9 WANT ( EV5 FOOD & %ELT]4 ,LET ! SLI<TE/ COMMOTION BE FELT 9 ! 9DU/RIAL WORLD1 & IT WILL TAKE ! %APE ( A G5]AL /OPPAGE ( WORK4 ,LET ! FIR/ ATTEMPT AT EXPROPRIATION BE MADE1 & ! CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION ( \R DAYS WILL AT ONCE COME TO A /OP1 & MILLIONS & MILLIONS ( 0UNEMPLOY$0 WILL JO9 ! RANKS ( ?OSE :O >E ALREADY UNEMPLOY$ N[4 

,MORE ?AN ?AT4 ,\R PRODUCTION CANNOT CONT9UE TO GO ON AS IT DOES4 ,! V]Y FIR/ ADVANCE T[>DS A ,SOCIALI/ SOCIETY WILL IMPLY A ?OR\< REORGANIZATION ( 9DU/RY AS TO :AT WE HAVE TO PRODUCE4 ,SOCIALISM IMPLIES1 NOT ONLY A REORGANIZATION AS TO ! DIVISION ( PR(ITS3 ITS ECONOMICAL MEAN+ IS MU* DEEP]4 ,IT IMPLIES ALSO A TRANS=MATION ( 9DU/RY SO ?AT IT MAY BE ADAPT$ TO ! NE$S ( ! CONSUM]1 NOT TO ?OSE ( ! PR(IT-MAK]4 ,MANY A BRAN* ( \R PRES5T 9DU/RY MU/ DISAPPE>1 OR LIMIT ITS PRODUCTION2 MANY A NEW ONE MU/ DEVELOP4 ,WE >E N[ PRODUC+ TO A GREAT EXT5T = EXPORT4 ,BUT ! EXPORT TRADE WILL BE ! FIR/ TO BE R$UC$ AS SOON AS ATTEMPTS AT ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION >E MADE ANY:]E 9 ,EUROPE4 ,! ,BRITI% WEAV]1 = 9/ANCE1 DOES NOT /& 9 DIRECT EX*ANGE ) ! ,H9DU - !RE IS BETWE5 !M A S]IES ( MIDDLE-M5 BO? 9 ?IS C\NTRY & 9 ,9DIA1 & 9 A TIME ( 9DU/RIAL DI/URBANCE SU* MIDDLE-M5 W\LD CEASE !IR ORD]S4 ,! 9DU/RY ( ?IS C\NTRY BE+ CALCULAT$ = AN IMM5SE EXPORT TRADE1 MU/ UND]GO A DEEP MODIFICATION TO ADJU/ IT TO ! NE$S ( ! 9HABITANTS ( !SE ISLES4 

,ALL ?AT CAN BE1 & WILL BE REORGANIZ$ 9 TIME-NOT BY ! ,/ATE1 ( C\RSE 7:Y1 !N1 NOT SAY BY ,PROVID5CE871 BUT BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES4 ,BUT1 9 ! MEANTIME1 ! WORK]1 :O HAS NOT EV5 SO MU* WEAL? AS WILL 5ABLE HIM TO LIVE = A =TNI<T1 CANNOT WAIT = ! GRADUAL REORGANIZATION ( 9DU/RY4 ,HAV+ NO EMPLOYM5T1 HE W\LD MEAN:ILE LOSE EV5 ?OSE WAGES :I* =M]LY P]MITT$ HIM TO KEEP BODY & S\L TOGE!R4 

,! GREAT PROBLEM ( H[ TO SUPPLY ! WANTS ( ! MILLIONS WILL ?US />T UP AT ONCE 9 ALL ITS IMM5SITY4 ,& ! NECESSITY ( F9D+ AN IMM$IATE SOLUTION = IT IS ! REASON :Y WE CONSID] ?AT A /EP 9 ! DIRECTION ( COMMUNISM WILL BE IMPOS$ ON ! REVOLT$ SOCIETY@&_?#a#e2NOT 9 ! FUTURE1 BUT AS SOON AS IT APPLIES ITS CR[B> TO ! FIR/ /ONES ( ! CAPITALI/ $IFICE4 

,IT IS BECAUSE NONE ( ! ?REE REVOLUTIONS ?R\< :I* ,FRANCE HAS PASS$ DUR+ ! LA/ HUNDR$ YE>S GRASP$ ?IS NECESSITY ?AT EA* ( !M WAS CRU%$ 9 ! BLOOD ( ITS BE/ DEF5D]S4 ,BY =GETT+ ?AT ! WORKM5 :O CAN E>N NO WAGES DUR+ A REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD1 CANNOT CONT9UE TO BE DEF5D]S ( ! REVOLUTION1 ! LEAD]S ( ?OSE 5T]PRISES R$UC$ ! WORK+ CLASSES TO ! MO/ T]RIBLE RAIS]Y1 & F9ALLY COMPELL$ !M TO ACCEPT ANY DICTATOR1 ANY ,EMP]OR :O GU>ANTE$ !M WORK & WAGES1 :ATEV] W]E ! CONDITIONS ( WORK & H[EV] L[ ! RATE ( WAGES4 

,!RE=E WE DIFF] FROM ALL O!R ,SOCIALI/ S*OOLS 9 ! MANN] 9 :I* WE LOOK AT ! NEXT SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,WE HOLD ?AT ! SATISFACTION ( ! WANTS ( ALL MU/ BE ! FIR/ CONSID]ATION ( ! REVOLUTIONI/S2 ?AT 9 ! V]Y FIR/ TW5TY-F\R H\RS AFT] A ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T HAS BROK5 \T 9 A CITY1 !RE MU/ NOT BE ONE S+LE FAMILY 9 WANT ( FOOD2 NOT ONE S+LE MAN OR WOMAN R$UC$ TO SLEEP UND] A BRIDGE OR 9 ! MEAD[S4 ,\R FIR/ OBJECT MU/ BE TO C>E = PROVID+ ?IS FOOD & ?IS %ELT] = ?OSE :O >E MO/ 9 NE$ ( !M1 = ?OSE PRECISELY :O HAVE BE5 ! \TCA/S ( ! OLD SOCIETY4 

,IS IT POSSIBLE8 ,>E WE ABLE IMM$IATELY TO PROVIDE EV]YBODY ) FOOD1 %ELT]1 & CLO!S8 ,NONE ( ?OSE :O KN[ ! RI*NESS ( \R MOD]N SOCIETY WILL D\BT ! POSSIBILITY4 ,WE HAVE PL5TY2 & WE HAVE PL5TY ( FOOD 9 \R /ORES TO SATISFY !IR FIR/ WANTS4 

,& IF WE ?US CONSID] ! SATISFACTION ( EV]YBODY'S FIR/ WANTS AS ! FIR/ DUTY ( EA* SOCIAL MOVEM5T1 WE %ALL SOON F9D \T ! BE/ MEANS ( REORGANIZ+ \R PRODUCTION SO AS TO SUPPLY EV]YBODY )1 AT LEA/1 ! FIR/ NECESS>IES ( LIFE4 

,WE %ALL RETURN AGA9 & AGA9 TO ?IS SUBJECT 9 SUBSEQU5T NUMB]S ( ,FRE$OM2 BUT ! PRELIM9>Y PO9T UPON :I* WE WI% ESPECIALLY TO 9SI/ IS1 ?AT UNLESS ,SOCIALI/S >E PREP>$ OP5LY & AV[$LY TO PR(ESS ?AT ! SATISFACTION ( ! NE$S ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL MU/ LIE !IR V]Y FIR/ AIM2 UNLESS !Y HAVE PREP>$ PUBLIC OP9ION TO E/ABLI% ITSELF FIRMLY AT ?IS /&PO9T1 ! PEOPLE 9 !IR NEXT ATTEMPT TO FREE !MSELVES WILL ONCE MORE SUFF] A DEFEAT4 

,FRE$OM3 ,A ,J\RNAL ( ,AN>*I/ ,SOCIALISM 

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