,*APT] #a 
,VIOL5CE ,DOESN'T ,EXI/ 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,GELD]LOOS 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #a4 ,VIOL5CE ,DOESN'T ,EXI/ 

,P]HAPS ! MO/ IMPORTANT >GUM5T AGA9/ NONVIOL5CE IS ?AT VIOL5CE AS A CONCEPT IS AMBIGU\S TO ! PO9T ( BE+ 9COH]5T4 
,IT IS A CONCEPT ?AT IS PRONE TO MANIPULATION1 & ITS DEF9ITION IS 9 ! H&S ( ! M$IA & ! GOV]NM5T1 SO ?AT ?OSE :O BASE !IR /RUGGLE ON TRY+ TO AVOID IT WILL =EV] BE TAK+ CUES & FOLL[+ ! LEAD ( ?OSE 9 P[]4 

,PUT SIMPLY1 VIOL5CE DOES NOT EXI/4 
,IT IS NOT A ?+4 
,IT IS A CATEGORY1 A HUMAN CON/RUCT 9 :I* WE *OOSE TO PLACE A WIDE >RAY ( ACTIONS1 PH5OM5A1 SITUATIONS1 & SO =?4 
0,VIOL5CE0 IS :ATEV] ! P]SON SPEAK+ AT ! MOM5T DECIDES TO DESCRIBE AS VIOL5T4 
,USUALLY1 ?IS MEANS ?+S !Y DO NOT LIKE4 
,AS A RESULT1 ! USE ( ! CATEGORY 0VIOL5CE0 T5DS T[>DS HYPOCRISY4 
,IF IT IS DONE TO ME1 IT IS VIOL5T4 
,IF IT IS DONE BY ME OR = MY B5EFIT1 IT IS JU/IFI$1 ACCEPTABLE1 OR EV5 9VISIBLE4 

,9 ! LA/ T5 YE>S1 ,I HAVE ORGANIZ$ OR P>TICIPAT$ 9 DOZ5S ( WORK%OPS ON ! TOPIC ( NONVIOL5CE4 
,:5EV] ,I CAN1 ,I ASK PEOPLE TO DEF9E 0VIOL5CE04 
,! CURI\S ?+ IS ?AT NO GR\P ( PEOPLE1 :E!R !Y NUMB] FIVE OR A HUNDR$1 HAS EV] AGRE$ ON ! DEF9ITION4 
,& WE'RE NOT TALK+ AB\T A R&OM SAMPLE ( ! POPULATION1 BUT RELATIVELY HOMOG5E\S GR\PS :O P>TICIPATE 9 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 :O LIVE 9 ! SAME T[N & (T5 KN[ EA* O!R1 OR 9 A FEW CASES A NEI<BORHOOD ASSOCIATION OR /UDY GR\P4 
,EXCEPT+ ! OCCASIONAL UNIV]SITY CLASS1 WE'RE TALK+ AB\T A SELF-SELECT+ GR\P ( PEOPLE :O COME \T TO A TALK CRITICAL ( OR 9 SUPPORT ( NONVIOL5CE4 
,& EV5 9 ?AT N>R[ SAMPLE1 !RE IS NO CONS5SUS AB\T :AT VIOL5CE ACTUALLY MEANS4 

,SOMETIMES ,I W\LD TRY TEAS+ IT \T BY ASK+ FOLKS TO /& OR RAISE !IR H& IF !Y ?\<T A SPECIFIC ACTION OR SITUATION WAS VIOL5T4 
,!N ,I NAM$ CASES LIKE1 0A PROTE/] PUN*+ A COP :O IS TRY+ TO >RE/ SOMEONE10 0BREAK+ ! W9D[S ( A BANK ?AT EVICTS PEOPLE FROM !IR H\SES10 0BUY+ & EAT+ FACTORY-F>M$ MEAT10 0BUY+ & EAT+ FACTORY-F>M$ SOY10 0A P]SON KILL+ SOMEONE TRY+ TO RAPE !M10 0C>RY+ A GUN 9 PUBLIC10 0PAY+ Y\R TAXES10 0DRIV+ A C>10 0! POLICE EVICT+ SOMEONE FROM !IR H\SE10 0MAK+ A COP FEEL GOOD AB\T !IR JOB10 0A PR$ATOR KILL+ & EAT+ PREY10 0A LI<TN+ BOLT KILL+ SOMEONE10 0IMPRISONM5T0 & SO ON4 

,AFT] DO+ ?IS EX]CISE DOZ5S ( TIMES1 ,I NOTIC$ A FEW CLE> PATT]NS4 
,FIR/1 AS ,I HAVE ALREADY M5TION$3 !RE WAS NO AGREEM5T4 
,BUT EV5 MORE 9T]E/+ WAS :AT HAPP5$ IF ,I ASK$ PEOPLE TO CLOSE !IR EYES :ILE ANSW]+4 
,IF !Y C\LD NOT SEE H[ !IR PE]S W]E RESPOND+1 !RE WAS AN EV5 GREAT] DIV]G5CE4 
,IF PEOPLE HAD !IR EYES OP51 MO/ QUE/IONS HAD A CLE> MAJORITY DESCRIB+ ! CASE AS 0VIOL5T0 OR 0NOT VIOL5T04 
,IF !IR EYES W]E CLOS$1 MANY MORE CASES W]E DIVID$ CLE>LY D[N ! MIDDLE 7?IS DIV]G5CE WAS EV5 MORE EVID5T IF ,I ASK$ PEOPLE TO POSITION !MSELVES ON A SPECTRUM RA!R ?AN GIV+ A SIMPLE YES OR NO74 
,9 O!R WORDS1 0VIOL5CE0 IS NOT NECESS>ILY A CATEGORY ?AT IS REASONABLY DEF9$1 SO MU* AS ONE ?AT IS DEF9$ BY ! REACTIONS ( \R PE]S4 
,:AT IS CONSID]$ NORMAL OR ACCEPTABLE IS MU* LESS LIKELY TO BE DEF9$ AS VIOL5T1 NO MATT] H[ MU* H>M IT MAY CAUSE4 

,SOME?+ ?AT CRITICS ( NONVIOL5CE HAVE LONG SAID IS ?AT NONVIOL5CE HIDES /RUCTURAL VIOL5CE OR ! VIOL5CE ( ! ,/ATE1 YET IT IS ?IS K9D ( VIOL5CE1 & NOT RIOTS OR LIB]ATION /RUGGLES1 ?AT H>MS F> MORE PEOPLE >\ND ! WORLD4 
,IT WAS NO SURPRISE1 !N1 ?AT MANY PEOPLE1 ESPECIALLY \TSIDE ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1.<#h.> ?\<T ?AT IT WAS VIOL5T = SOMEONE TO C>RY A GUN 9 PUBLIC1 :]EAS H>DLY ANYONE CONSID]$ WORK+ AS A COP TO BE A VIOL5T ACT1 EV5 ?\< BE+ A COP MEANS1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 C>RY+ A GUN 9 PUBLIC4 
,9 O!R WORDS1 ! CATEGORY ( VIOL5CE MAKES ! LEGAL =CE ( ! POLICE 9VISIBLE1 :]EAS IT HI<LI<TS ANYONE :O FI<TS BACK AGA9/ ?IS COMMONPLACE4 
,?IS IS :Y WE SAY ?AT NONVIOL5CE PRIVILEGES & PROTECTS ! VIOL5CE ( ! ,/ATE4 
,?IS IS :Y ! MO/ RESPECT$1 LONG/&+ PACIFI/ ORGANIZATIONS WILL PROHIBIT PEOPLE FROM COM+ >M$ TO !IR DEMON/RATIONS 7EV5 >M$ ) ?+S AS 9NOCU\S AS /ICKS OR HELMETS7 BUT WILL MAKE NO MOVE TO DIS>M ! POLICE1 :OM !Y (T5 9VITE TO OV]SEE !IR PROTE/S4 
,& ?IS IS :Y ! POLICE1 9 TURN1 TRY TO URGE PROTE/]S & PROTE/ ORGANIZATIONS TO BE NONVIOL5T1 TO PUBLI% NONVIOL5T CODES ( CONDUCT1 & TO EXPEL OR HELP >RE/ ANY 0BAD PROTE/]0 :O DOESN'T FOLL[ ! LAW4.<#i.> 

,ONLY PEOPLE :O >E 9VOLV$ 9 RADICAL CAUSES1 OR :O HAVE EXP]I5C$ IT FIR/ H&1 T5D TO SEE /RUCTURAL H>M AS VIOL5CE4 
,PEOPLE 9 A TYPICAL COLLEGE CLASS DO NOT ID5TIFY PAY+ TAXES OR BUY+ CLO!S MADE 9 A SWEAT%OP AS VIOL5T4 
,PEOPLE :O HAVE BE5 =ECLOS$1 OR P>TICIPANTS 9 A GR\P ?AT FI<TS =ECLOSURES1 WILL ID5TIFY AN EVICTION AS VIOL5T4 
,ANIMAL RI<TS ACTIVI/S WILL ID5TIFY EAT+ MEAT AS VIOL5T4 
,SMALL F>M] ADVOCATES OR RA9=E/ ADVOCATES WILL ID5TIFY SOY AS VIOL5T4 
,ALMO/ NO ONE WILL ID5TIFY DRIV+ A C> AS VIOL5T1 EV5 ?\< 9 OBJECTIVE T]MS IT IS ! ITEM ON ! LI/ ?AT HAS CAUS$ & WILL CAUSE ! MO/ DEA?S1 )\T A D\BT4 

,:AT AB\T NATURAL VIOL5CE8 
,:AT AB\T ! H>M CAUS$ BY WEA!R1 BY PR$ATORS1 BY LACK ( PR$ATORS1 BY ! SIMPLE FACT SO MANY PEOPLE /ILL HAVE NOT COME TO T]MS )1 :I* IS ?AT EV]YBODY DIES8 
,H[ MU* DOES ! CONCEPT ( A 0RI<T TO LIFE0 [E TO ,*RI/IAN MORALITY1 F\ND$ 9 ! IDEA ?AT \R LIVES BELONG TO ,GOD & NOT TO US8 
,:AT IS ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ?IS FE> ( VIOL5CE & A FE> ( ! NATURALNESS & 9EVITABILITY ( H>M & DEA?8 
,CATEGORICALLY SEP>AT+ H>M ?AT IS 9EVITABLE 9 NATURE & H>M CAUS$ BY HUMANS IS 9EXTRICABLE FROM A SEP>ATION ( HUMANS FROM !IR 5VIRONM5T1 BO? PHILOSOPHICALLY & MAT]IALLY4 
,H[ MU* SUFF]+ IS CAUS$ BY ?IS SEP>ATION8 

,DOES VIOL5CE MEAN CAUS+ H>M8 
,IF WE P>TICIPATE 9 A NON-VOLUNT>Y /RUCTURE 7LIKE ! ,/ATE OR ! CAPITALI/ M>KET7 ?AT TORTURES1 KILLS1 OR MALN\RI%ES MILLIONS ( PEOPLE1 >E WE (F ! HOOK1 JU/ BECAUSE WE W\LD FACE NEGATIVE CONSEQU5CES = REFUSAL 7TO PAY TAXES1 TO 5GAGE 9 ANY M>KET EX*ANGE BECAUSE1 LET'S FACE IT1 EV5 IF Y\ BUY GRE51 ALL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY FUELS OV]ALL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY78.<#a.> 
,?IS W\LD MAKE A JOKE ( NONVIOL5CE1 IF ?OSE :O FI<T BACK AGA9/ /RUCTURES ( OPPRESSION >E CONSID]$ WORSE ?AN ?OSE :O ACCEPT !M PASSIVELY4 
,& IF COMPLICITY ) VIOL5T /RUCTURES IS ALSO TO BE DEF9$ AS VIOL5T1 !N H[ MU* RESI/ANCE IS REQUIR$ ( US SO AS NOT TO BE VIOL5T8 
,IF WE P>TICIPATE 9 A PROTE/ ONCE A YE>1 ?AT AFT] OV] ?IRTY YE>S HAS /ILL NOT SUCCE$$ 9 CLOS+ ONE MILIT>Y S*OOL1 CAN WE N[ BE CONSID]$ NONVIOL5T8 
,:AT IF WE GET >RE/$ = CIVIL DISOB$I5CE1 EV5 IF WE KN[ ?AT \R >RE/ WILL PROBABLY *ANGE NO?+8 

,!SE QUE/IONS >E IMPOSSIBLE TO ANSW]4 
,WE >E ALL =C$ TO P>TICIPATE 9 A SOCIETY ?AT IS HELD TOGE!R BY /RUCTURAL VIOL5CE1 & REW>D$ = \R P>TICIPATION ) V>I\S PRIVILEGES1 ?\< !SE PRIVILEGES >E SPREAD UNEV5LY ACROSS SOCIETY4 
,GIV5 ?AT ?OSE :O USE SOME =M ( VISIBLE1 ANTISOCIAL VIOL5CE >E (T5 ! LEA/ LIKELY TO 5JOY ! PRIVILEGES ( /RUCTURAL VIOL5CE1 !RE IS NO FEASIBLE WAY TO DET]M9E :O IS VIOL5T & :O IS NOT4 
,& IF WE DEF9E PASSIVE COMPLICITY AS SUPPORT = VIOL5CE1 !RE IS NO WAY TO JUDGE :I* ME?ODS ( /RUGGLE >E MORE OR LESS VIOL5T1 S9CE A PEACEFUL ME?OD MAY BE MORE COMPLICIT ) /RUCTURAL VIOL5CE4 
,GIV5 ?AT WE DO NOT YET KN[ = SURE :I* ME?ODS WILL BE MO/ EFFECTIVE AT F9ALLY ABOLI%+ ! /RUCTURES ?AT >E OPPRESS+ US & DE/ROY+ ! PLANET1 NO ONE CAN MAKE A SOLID CLAIM TO HAV+ A TRULY PEACEFUL ME?OD1 UNLESS WE UND]/& 0PEACEFUL0 AS 0NON-CONFLICTIVE0 & P]HAPS ALSO AS 0AT PEACE ) EXI/+ /RUCTURES ( VIOL5CE04 

,!RE=E1 NONVIOL5CE IS NOT AN ABS5CE1 AVOIDANCE1 OR TRANS=MATION ( VIOL5CE4 
,?AT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO C]TIFY4 
,NONVIOL5CE IS AN ATTEMPT TO RESOLVE1 TRANS=M1 OR SUPPRESS ?OSE ?+S 9 \R SOCIETY & 9 \R SOCIAL MOVEM5TS ?AT APPE> TO ITS PRACTITION]S TO BE VIOL5T4 
,BECAUSE VIOL5CE CANNOT BE UND]/OOD OBJECTIVELY1 NONVIOL5T GR\PS WILL T5D TO FOCUS ON ELIM9AT+ OR DISC\RAG+ ! =MS ( VIOL5CE ?AT >E MORE OBVI\S1 & 9 !IR REA*2 ! K9DS ( VIOL5CE ?AT >E NOT NORMAL1 BUT ?AT GO AGA9/ NORMALITY2 ! K9DS ( VIOL5CE ?AT >E NOT 9VISIBLE1 BUT SPECTACUL>4 
,?IS MEANS NONVIOL5CE WILL PRIORITIZE RESI/ANCE AGA9/ OP5 W> 7A 0HOT0 W> BETWE5 /ATES71 AGA9/ DICTATOR%IPS1 AGA9/ MILIT>Y RULE1 :ILE D[NPLAY+ OR EV5 COZY+ UP TO ! LESS VISIBLE VIOL5CE ( DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T1 CAPITALISM1 & /RUCTURAL W>F>E4 
,?IS ALSO MEANS PACIFY+ ?OSE :O >E FI<T+ AGA9/ P[]1 BECAUSE ! ACT ( REBELLION WILL ALWAYS APPE> TO BE ! MO/ VIOL5T ACT 9 \R SOCIETY4 
,= ?IS REASON1 MANY PROPON5TS ( NONVIOL5CE D5\NCE ANY COMBATIVE =M ( REBELLION :ILE NORMALIZ+ & EV5 JU/IFY+ ! REPRESSIVE RESPONSE ( ! ,/ATE4.<#a#a.> 
,?IS IS NOT BY ANY MEANS TRUE ( ALL PRACTITION]S ( NONVIOL5CE1 BUT IT IS ! LOGICAL \TCOME ( ! CONTRADICTIONS 9 ! IDEA ( NONVIOL5CE1 & !RE=E IT IS ! PA? ?AT MANY OR MO/ PRACTITION]S WILL TAKE4 

,IT IS NO SURPRISE1 !N1 ?AT ONE ( ! L>GE/ NONVIOL5T MOVEM5TS ( REC5T YE>S1 ! 09DIGNADOS0 ( ,SPA91.<#a#b.> DECL>$ ANY ILLEGAL ACTIONS 9CLUD+ BLOCK+ /REETS OR EV5 GU]RILLA G>D5+--TURN+ ! GRASSY LAWN ( A PUBLIC PLAZA 9TO A G>D5--TO BE VIOL5T4 
,9 CONTRA/1 MANY SELF-DESCRIB$ PACIFI/S ,I HAVE MET HAVE DECID$ ?AT SELF-DEF5SE OR EV5 ASSASS9AT+ DICTATORS W\LD NOT BE VIOL5T BECAUSE !Y W]E AGGRESSORS & SU* AN ACTION W\LD AV]T A MU* GREAT] H>M4 
,VIOL5CE IS A V]Y FLEXIBLE T]M ?AT PEOPLE CAN B5D & TWI/ H[EV] !Y WANT TO MORALLY JU/IFY OR CONDEMN ! ACTIONS !Y HAVE ALREADY DECID$ >E ACCEPTABLE OR UNACCEPTABLE4 

,VIOL5CE IS SO VAGUE1 SO H>D TO DEF9E1 IT IS USELESS AS A /RATEGIC CATEGORY4 
,IT W\LD BE SILLY TO ABOLI% IT AS A WORD1 BECAUSE IT CAN SUCC9CTLY DESCRIBE A C]TA9 EMOTIONAL REALITY4 
,BUT TO USE IT ANALYTICALLY1 TO USE IT AS A GUID+ CRIT]ION = \R /RATEGIES ( /RUGGLE1 IS AN 9VITATION TO CONFUSION4 

,IT CAN TAKE H\RS ( DEBAT+ & ONLY SOMETIMES WILL A GR\P ( PEOPLE AGREE TO A COMMON DEF9ITION ( VIOL5CE4 
,BUT !Y HAVE ACCOMPLI%$ NO?+1 BECAUSE SOME ( !M WILL /ILL NOT BE CONV9C$ :E!R 0NONVIOL5T0 L9ES UP ) 0GOOD0 & 0VIOL5T0 ) 0BAD0 AS !Y >E 9T5D$ TO4 
,9 O!R WORDS1 !Y /ILL WILL NOT HAVE LE>N$ ANY?+ AB\T ! PROP] ME?ODS = /RUGGLE4 
,& MORE IMPORTANTLY1 NE>LY EV]YONE ELSE 9 ! WORLD WILL /ILL BE US+ ANO!R DEF9ITION1 

,H[ WAS ! CATEGORY ( 0VIOL5CE0 9TRODUC$ 9 \R /RATEGIC DEBATES8 
,I W\LD >GUE ?AT IT WAS 9TRODUC$ BY ! V]Y 9/ITUTION ?AT S]VES AS ! GATEKEEP] TO PEOPLE'S P]CEPTION ( VIOL5CE3 ! M$IA4 
,IT IS ! M$IA :O CON/ANTLY DISCIPL9E SOCIAL MOVEM5TS TO ADOPT !SE CATEGORIES & DEF5D !MSELVES FROM ! EV]-READY ACCUSATION ( BE+ 0VIOL5T04 
,AS SOON AS DISSID5TS TRY TO DEF5D !MSELVES BY >GU+ ?AT !Y >E NOT VIOL5T1 !Y HAVE FALL5 9TO ! TRAP1 TAK+ UP ! VALUES ( ! ,/ATE & ADOPT+ ITS PREF]R$ CATEGORY4 
,!RE >E ALSO HI/ORIES ?AT SUGGE/ ! M$IA'S ROLE 9 9TRODUC+ ?IS CATEGORY 9 E>LI] /RUGGLES4 
,EV5 ,G&HI1 :O SAW H[ ! LIB]ATION /RUGGLES BE=E HIS TIME W]E MALIGN$ BY ! P[]FUL1 & :O W5T TO /UDY AT AN ELITE UNIV]SITY 9 ,5GL&1 HIS C\NTRY'S COLONIZ]1 W\LD HAVE BE5 HI<LY S5SITIVE TO H[ REBELS & REVOLUTION>IES W]E *>ACT]IZ$ 9 ! DISC\RSES & ! M$IA ( ! RUL+ CLASS4 
,HE C]TA9LY W\LD HAVE GOTT5 SU* A P]SPECTIVE :5 HE VOLUNT>ILY RALLI$ HIS FELL[ ,9DIANS 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA TO SUPPORT TWO DIFF]5T ,BRITI% W>S1 W9N+ A ,W> ,M$AL = HIS EF=TS4 

,DISCUSS+ ! HI/ORY ( POPUL> MOVEM5TS & ELITE RESPONSES 9 ! CITY ( ,B>CELONA1 ,*RIS ,EALHAM REVEALS ! M$IA'S USE ( 0MORAL PANICS0 TO UNIFY ! CITY B\RGEOISIE AGA9/ ! ?REAT ( REVOLUTION FROM BEL[4.<#a#c.> 
,AT ! 5D ( ! #a#i? & BEG9N+ ( ! #b? C5TURY1 ! MAJOR NEWSPAP]S W]E PRIM>ILY A TOOL ( COMMUNICATION AMONG ! B\RGEOISIE--! CLASS ( RUL]S & [N]S4 
,BECAUSE !RE WAS NO S+LE EFFECTIVE CONSPIRACY UNIT+ ALL ! ELITE1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,B>CELONA1 :]E ! ELITE W]E DIVID$ BETWE5 ,SPANI>DS & ,CATALANS1 M]*ANTS & L&$ G5TRY1 ,CA?OLICS & PROGRESSIVES1 MU* ( ! CONV]SATION AB\T H[ TO RULE HAD TO TAKE PLACE 9 ! OP54 
,BUT 9 ! FACE ( G5]AL /RIKES1 WORK] REBELLIONS1 & A GR[+ AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 ! FACTORY [N]S1 POLITICIANS1 >I/OCRATS1 & *UR* (FICIALS C\LD NOT COMMUNICATE OP5LY AB\T !IR NE$ TO KEEP ! L[] CLASSES D[N4 
,DO+ SO 9 A NEWSPAP] W\LD ONLY HA/5 !IR LOSS ( CONTROL OV] ! HE>TS & M9DS ( !IR SUBJECTS1 & IT W\LD ALSO CONTRADICT ) !IR [N SELF-IMAGE & ! PHILAN?ROPIC DISC\RSES !Y US$ TO JU/IFY :Y !Y GOT TO SIT ON TOP ( ! SOCIAL PYRAMID4 
,SO !Y TURN$ TO MORALI/IC EUPHEMISMS4 

,! ELITE1 AS HAS BE5 ! CASE AT MO/ TIMES 9 HI/ORY1 DID NOT HAVE A S+LE SET ( 9T]E/S1 BUT CONFLICT+ 9T]E/S & DIFF]+ /RATEGIES REG>D+ H[ TO MA9TA9 & AMPLIFY !IR P[]4 
,DIFF]5T SECTORS ( ! ELITE G5]ALLY HAD !IR [N NEWSPAP]S1 & !SE FEATUR$ COMPET+ DISC\RSES4 
,H[EV]1 :5 POPUL> MOVEM5TS W]E P>TICUL>LY /RONG1 SU* ?AT !Y PRES5T$ A ?REAT TO ! SOCIAL PYRAMID1 IT WAS CRUCIAL = ! ELITES TO GET OV] !IR DIFF]5CES & JO9 !IR =CES TO TRAMPLE D[N ?OSE ON ! BOTTOM4 
,!RE=E1 ! NEWSPAP]S BEGAN TO DEPLOY SOME ( ! KEY EUPHEMISMS !Y W]E ALREADY CIRCULAT+ TO SIGNAL A MORAL PANIC1 AN UNGODLY ?REAT TO ! RUL+ ORD] ?AT REQUIR$ ! :OLE RUL+ CLASS TO UNITE4 

,ASIDE FROM UNCLEANL9ESS OR HYGI5E1 ! PR9CIPAL T]M US$ TO UNLEA% A MORAL PANIC & MOBILIZE ELITE ACTION WAS 0VIOL5CE04 
,AMONG ! ELITE1 !N AS N[1 9 ,B>CELONA AS 9 ! ,5GLI%- SPEAK+ WORLD1 0VIOL5CE0 WAS A EUPHEMISM = A ?REAT TO ! RUL+ ORD] & ITS ILLUSION ( SOCIAL PEACE1 ) :I* ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 ! BRUTALITY ( PATRI>*Y1 & ! MURD]\SNESS ( COLONIALISM >E HIDD54 
,! NEWSPAP]S DID NOT TALK AB\T VIOL5CE :5 COPS KILL$ /RIK]S1 :5 L&LORDS EVICT$ FAMILIES1 OR :5 POOR PEOPLE DI$ ( HUNG]4 
,!Y TALK$ AB\T VIOL5CE :5 WORK]S W5T ON /RIKE1 :5 T5ANTS /OPP$ PAY+ R5T1 :5 /REET V5DORS REFUS$ TO SURR5D] !IR W>ES TO ! COPS 7:O W\LD H>ASS !M AT ! BEHE/ ( ! /ORE [N]S71 & :5 AN>*I/S C>RI$ \T SABOTAGE OR HELD UNP]MITT$ M>*ES4 

,ONE ( ! ADVANTAGES ( MORALIZ+ ELITE DISC\RSES1 & ( DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T AS WELL1 IS ?AT !Y TRA9 ! OPPRESS$ TO ADOPT ! M5TALITY & ! LANGUAGE ( ! OPPRESSOR4 
,OV] TIME1 PEOPLE FI<T+ TO BETT] !IR SITUATION CAME TO C>E AB\T !IR IMAGE 9 ! EYES ( ! M$IA1 :I* IS TO SAY 9 ! EYES ( ! ELITE4 
,!Y WANT$ TO APPE> RESPECTABLE4 
,9 SOME CASES1 !Y W]E OPPORTUNI/S :O =M$ POLITICAL P>TIES & CA%$ 9 !IR POPUL> SUPPORT AT ! FIR/ OPPORTUNITY TO OBTA9 A SEAT AT ! TABLE ( P[]4 
,9 O!R CASES1 !Y W]E PEOPLE :O TOOK !SE ELITE DISC\RSES S]I\SLY1 BIT D[N ON ! BAIT1 & TRI$ TO PROVE ?AT !Y W]E NOT VIOL5T OR UNHYGI5IC4 
,!Y DEBAT$ ) ! HOLL[ HYPOCRISY ( ! ELITE 9 AN ATTEMPT TO %[ ?AT !Y W]E NOT MON/]S DES]V+ REPRESSION4 
,IF ! JU/IFICATION = REPRESSION C\LD BE REMOV$1 W\LDN'T ! REPRESSION ALSO DISAPPE>8 
,AS ! ,SPECTACLE GREW 9 /R5G?1 MANY PEOPLE BECAME SO DETA*$ FROM ! REALITY 9 ! /REETS ?AT !IR [N SELF-IMAGE & MORAL COMPASS W]E L>GELY CRAFT$ BY ! M$IA4 

,AS SOON AS SOCIAL MOVEM5TS BEGAN TO LI/5 TO ! M$IA1 ! ELITE C\LD DET]M9E :I* =MS ( RESI/ANCE W]E ACCEPTABLE1 & :I* W]E UNACCEPTABLE4 
,EV]Y DAY ( ! WEEK1 ! M$IA--:I* >E [N$ BY ! SAME PEOPLE :O PR(IT (F ! CURR5T /ATE ( AFFAIRS-->E TELL+ US :AT IS VIOL5T & :AT IS NORMAL4 
,! CATEGORY ( VIOL5CE BELONGS TO !M4 
,BY US+ ! SAME CATEGORY AS \R MORAL COMPASS1 WE >E ALL[+ ?OSE 9 P[] TO GUIDE \R /RUGGLE4 
,ONE JU/IFICATION = CL++ TO ! CATEGORY ( VIOL5CE IS ?AT VIOL5CE IS OPPRESSIVE1 !RE=E WE NE$ TO HI<LI<T IT & AVOID IT4 

,?IS W\LD ONLY HAVE A *ANCE ( BE+ TRUE IF WE CONTROLL$ ! DEF9ITION ( VIOL5CE1 RA!R ?AN ! P[]FUL4 
,IF WE *OOSE O!R CRIT]IA = EVALUAT+ \R RESI/ANCE1 = EXAMPLE :E!R OR NOT A TACTIC OR ME?OD IS LIB]AT+1 :E!R IT MAKES US MORE FREE & OP5S UP SPACE = NEW SOCIAL RELATIONS1 WE CAN AVOID ! =MS ( AU?ORIT>IANISM OR SELF-H>M ! PACIFI/S WI% TO AVOID1 )\T GIV+ ! ADVANTAGE TO ! M$IA4 
,! M$IA DO NOT TALK #bd H\RS A DAY AB\T :AT IS LIB]AT+1 BECAUSE !Y DO NOT WANT US TO ?9K AB\T IT1 & BECAUSE WE HAVE ! ADVANTAGE 9 ?AT DEBATE4 
,MORE (T5 ?AN !IR OCCASIONAL USE ( 0FRE$OM0 AS ! JU/IFICATION = SOME W>1 ! GOV]NM5T & M$IA HAVE TO EXPLA9 :Y WE NE$ LIMITS ON FRE$OM4 
,BUT :5 IT COMES TO VIOL5CE1 9 A T5-SECOND S\ND BITE !Y HAVE ! UPP] H& IF !Y WANT TO DESCRIBE A CONFLICTIVE SOCIAL MOVEM5T AS VIOL5T1 OR AN AU/]ITY MEASURE OR CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T PROJECT SEEM LIKE A MUNDANE FACT ( LIFE4 
,EV5 9 A FAIR DEBATE1 & ! DEBATE IS F> FROM FAIR1 MO/ PEOPLE WILL BE P]SUAD$ ?AT ! ?+ ?AT TRIGG]S A RELEASE ( ADR5AL9E1 ?AT HAS A S5SE ( DANG]--A RIOT1 A %OOT+1 SMA%+ ?+S1 %\T+ & RUNN+ >\ND1 CRIME--IS VIOL5T1 :]EAS ! ?+ ?AT IS AB/RACT1 BUREAUCRATIC1 OR 9VISIBLE--A MILLION SL[ DEA?S ON ANO!R CONT95T1 ! PRICE ( M$IC9E1 A PRISON S5T5CE--IS NOT VIOL5T4 

,FRE$OM AS A CONCEPT SIDES ) ?OSE :O >E /RUGGL+ = !IRS1 :]EAS NONVIOL5CE AS A CONCEPT SIDES ) ! 5=C]S ( NORMALITY & ! RUL]S ( ! /ATUS QUO4 

,BY CRITICIZ+ NONVIOL5CE1 ,I AM NOT ADVOCAT+ VIOL5CE4 
,MANY ( US BELIEVE ?AT ! PHRASE 0ADVOCAT+ VIOL5CE0 HAS NO 9H]5T MEAN+1 IT IS JU/ A =M ( DEMAGOG]Y & FE>-MONG]+4 
,NONVIOL5CE REQUIRES A /RATEGIC USAGE ( ! CONCEPT ( 0VIOL5CE01 :I* IS MORALI/IC1 IMPRECISE1 9COH]5T1 & T5DS T[>DS HYPOCRISY4 
,WE REJECT NONVIOL5CE BECAUSE IT IS PACIFY+1 & BECAUSE IT IS 9COH]5T4 
,! CATEGORY ( VIOL5CE IS A TOOL ( ! ,/ATE4 
,9 US+ IT UNCRITICALLY1 NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S ALSO BECOME TOOLS4 

,I DO NOT WANT TO WA/E ANY MORE TIME BY TALK+ AB\T VIOL5CE4 
,I WILL TRY TO TALK CONCRETELY AB\T ! ACTIONS WE NE$ 9 \R /RUGGLES4 
,IF ,I HAVE TO REF] TO A BODY ( ME?ODS OR TACTICS ?AT >E USUALLY EXCLUD$ BY NONVIOL5CE1 ,I WILL TALK AB\T 0ILLEGAL01 0COMBATIVE01 0CONFLICTIVE01 OR 0=CEFUL0 ACTIONS1 AS ! CASE MAY BE4 
,BUT ,I WILL TRY TO DO SO ) MY EYES SET ON ! NECESSITY = A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS4 

,BUT 0DIV]SITY ( TACTICS0 %\LD NOT SIMPLY BE A REPLACEM5T T]M = 0VIOL5CE40 
,I ?9K ! CRITICISM HAS SOMETIMES BE5 W>RANT$ ?AT PRACTITION]S ( A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS HAVE DONE :ATEV] !Y WANT$ )\T ?9K+ AB\T ! CONSEQU5CES = ANYONE ELSE4 
,BUT ALSO1 SOME ( ! MO/ EFFECTIVE PROTE/S 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA 9 ! LA/ FEW YE>S--EFFECTIVE 9 T]MS ( DISRUPTION TO ! SUMMITS ( ! P[]FUL1 9 T]MS ( SPREAD+ AW>5ESS1 SURVIV+ REPRESSION1 & ALSO ALL[+ A DIV]SE RANGE ( PROTE/ ME?ODS TO 9HABIT ! SAME SPACE 9 A SPIRIT ( RESPECT & SOLID>ITY 7EXCEPT+ ?AT ME?OD :I* TRIES TO DICTATE H[ EV]YONE ELSE MAY OR MAY NOT P>TICIPATE7--US$ A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS4 
,!SE 9CLUDE ! ,SEATTLE ,W,T,O PROTE/S 9 #a#i#i#i1 ! ,REPUBLICAN ,NATIONAL ,CONV5TION PROTE/S 9 ,/4 ,PAUL 9 #b#h1 ! ,PITTSBUR< ,G#h PROTE/S 9 #b#i1 & ! PROTE/S AGA9/ ! #ba ,VANC\V] ,OLYMPICS2 & ONE MI<T ALSO ADD ! #be PROTE/S AGA9/ ! ,G#h ,SUMMIT 9 ,GL5EAGLES1 ,SCOTL&1 OR ! #bg PROTE/S AGA9/ ! ,G#h 9 ,HEILIG5DAMM1 ,G]MANY4 
,& 9 ! AFT]MA?1 !RE W]E 9EVITABLY SOME PROPON5TS ( NONVIOL5CE :O BROKE ! PR9CIPLES ( UNITY AGRE$ ON BE=EH& & D5\NC$ ! 0BAD PROTE/]S0 9 ! M$IA4 

,:ILE ! DEBATE >\ND A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS MO/ (T5 SURFACES 9 MAJOR PROTE/S ?AT BR+ TOGE!R PEOPLE ) V]Y DIFF]5T ME?ODS1 IT ALSO APPLIES TO O!R MOM5TS & O!R K9DS ( /RUGGLE4 
,LIKEWISE1 ! MO/ EFFECTIVE SOCIAL UPRIS+S S9CE ! 5D ( ! ,COLD ,W> CAN BE *>ACT]IZ$ AS US+ A DIV]SITY ( ME?ODS1 :]EAS ! EXCLUSIVELY PEACEFUL MOVEM5TS HAVE RESULT$ 9 DISAPPO9TM5T4 
7,*APT] #c IS D$ICAT$ 5TIRELY TO ?IS PO9T74 

,!RE >E O!R CRITICISMS ?AT HAVE COME FROM ! SO-CALL$ BAD PROTE/]S1 ! VIOL5T ONES1 !MSELVES4 
,:ILE MANY /ILL HOLD TO ! IDEAL ( A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS1 & MANY BELIEVE ?AT COMBATIVE ME?ODS SU* AS SABOTAGE1 RIOTS1 ,BLACK ,BLOCS1 OR EV5 >M$ /RUGGLE1 >E NECESS>Y1 FEW >E CONT5T ) \R ME?ODS TO DATE4 
,P>TICIPANTS ( C]TA9 /RUGGLES1 AT C]TA9 MOM5TS1 HAVE CRITICIZ$ A FETI%IZATION ( VIOL5CE 9 !IR /RUGGLE1 OR ! LACK ( A NEXT /EP ONCE POLICE HAVE BE5 DEFEAT$ 9 ! /REET 7SEE1 = EXAMPLE1 0,& ,AFT] ,HAV+ ,BURNT ,EV]Y?+8 ,/RASB\RG1 ,BLACK ,BLOC1 & ! ,QUE/ION ( ,/RATEGY0 OR 0,ANO!R ,CRITIQUE ( ,9SURRECTIONALISM0.<#a#d.>74 
,G5]ALIZ+ !SE CRITICISMS TO ALL 0VIOL5T PROTE/]S0 W\LD BE DI%ONE/ & IT W\LD ALSO MISS ! V]Y VALUABLE & NUANC$ PO9TS !Y BR+ UP4 

,9 MY EXP]I5CE1 ! UNFAIR & (T5 MANIPULATIVE G5]ALIZATIONS MADE BY SUPPORT]S ( NONVIOL5CE MAKE IT MU* H>D] = CONFLICTIVE AN>*I/S TO MAKE !SE SELF-CRITICISMS OP5LY4 
,IRONICALLY1 NONVIOL5CE ADVOCATES HAVE CREAT$ ! EXACT SORT ( POLEMICIZ$ 5VIRONM5T ?AT 0NONVIOL5T COMMUNICATION0 TRIES TO AVOID1 9 :I* TWO SIDES CLOSE RANKS & FACE (F4 
,I C\LD DECRY ?IS AS YET ANO!R EXAMPLE ( NONVIOL5T HYPOCRISY1 BUT !N PACIFI/S :O DON'T DES]VE ?AT CRITICISM1 ALONG ) ?OSE :O DO1 W\LD BE MORE LIKELY TO BLOCK !IR E>S & RELOAD = ! C\NT]ATTACK4 
,SO1 ,I'LL JU/ LEAVE ! CRITICISM 9 ! OP5 & REIT]ATE ! PO9T ?AT ?OSE :O SUPPORT A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS >E NOT G5]ALLY SATISFI$ ) \R /RUGGLE1 MANY >E SELF-CRITICAL1 & MANY WANT TO BE MORE 9CLUSIVE4 

,A DIV]SITY ( ME?ODS IS NECESS>Y 9 \R /RUGGLE BECAUSE NONE ( US HAVE ! ANSW] REG>D+ ! ONE TRUE /RATEGY = REVOLUTION2 BECAUSE !RE IS NO ONE SIZE ?AT FITS ALL & EA* ( US MU/ DEVELOP A UNIQUE =M ( /RUGGLE = \R RESPECTIVE SITUATIONS2 & BECAUSE 9 FACT \R MOVEM5TS >E H>D] TO REPRESS :5 WE REPLACE A P>TY-L9E UNITY ) A BROAD SOLID>ITY1 :5 WE ATTACK AS A SW>M & NOT AS AN OPPOS+ >MY4 
,:E!R ?AT >MY IS PACIFI/ OR COMBATIVE1 ! DISCIPL9E REQUIR$ TO CO]CE OR 9TIMIDATE EV]YONE 9TO FOLL[+ ONE SET ( PRE-APPROV$ TACTICS1 & TO EXCLUDE ?OSE :O FALL \T ( L9E1 IS AU?ORIT>IAN4 
,9 SU* A CONTE/1 :I*EV] >MY WON--! >MY ( ! GOV]NM5T OR ! >MY ( ! MOVEM5T--! ,/ATE W\LD TRIUMPH4 

,A LACK ( UNITY DOES NOT MEAN A LACK ( COMMUNICATION4 
,WE LE>N FROM DIFF]5CE1 & WE >E /RONG] :5 WE COMMUNICATE ACROSS ?IS DIFF]5CE1 CRITICIZ+ ONE ANO!R BUT ALSO HELP+ ONE ANO!R1 & ALL ! :ILE RESPECT+ \R FUNDAM5TAL DIV]G5CE4 
,!RE >E MANY TOTALLY ]RONE\S OR BACK/ABB+ =MS ( /RUGGLE1 & !SE %\LD BE CRITICIZ$ VEHEM5TLY1 NOT PROTECT$ BEH9D A POLITE RELATIVISM4 
,BUT ! GOAL ( \R CRITICISM %\LD BE SOLID>ITY1 NOT HOMOG5EITY4 
,!RE >E A ?\S& DIFF]5T ROLES TO PLAY )9 ?IS /RUGGLE1 IF WE CAN LE>N TO SUPPORT ONE ANO!R 9 \R DIFF]5CES4 
,!RE IS A PLACE = HEAL]S1 = FI<T]S1 = /ORY-TELL]S1 = ?OSE :O RESOLVE CONFLICTS & ?OSE :O SEEK CONFLICTS4 
,ALL ( US CAN DO A BETT] JOB AT SEEK+ ?IS MORE ROBU/ /RUGGLE4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#a1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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