,! ,EMIGRATION ( ! ,D\KHOBORS 

#ahih 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 

,TRANSLATOR 3 ,NA?AN ,HASKELL ,DOLE 

,TEXT 3 

,A POPULATION ( TWELVE ?\S& PEOPLE -  ,*RI/IANS ( ! ,UNIV]SAL ,BRO!RHOOD10 AS ! ,DUKHOBORS1 :O LIVE 9 ! ,CAUCASUS1 CALL !MSELVES  
>E AT ! PRES5T MOM5T 9 ! MO/ DI/RESS+ CIRCUM/ANCES4  

,)\T 5T]+ 9TO >GUM5T AS TO :O IS RI<T3 :E!R IT BE ! GOV]NM5TS :O CONSID] ?AT ,*RI/IANITY IS COMPATIBLE ) PRISONS1 EXECUTIONS1 & ABOVE ALL1 ) W>S & PREP>ATIONS = W> 2 OR :E!R IT BE ! ,DUKHOBORS1 :O ACKN[L$GE AS B9D+ ONLY ! ,*RI/IAN LAW 7:I* R5\NCES ! USE ( ANY =CE :ATEV]1 & CONDEMNS MURD]71 & :O !RE=E REFUSE TO S]VE 9 ! >MY1 ONE CANNOT FAIL TO SEE ?AT ?IS CONTROV]SY IS V]Y DIFFICULT TO SETTLE4 ,NO GOV]NM5T C\LD ALL[ SOME PEOPLE TO %UN DUTIES :I* >E BE+  
FULFILL$ BY ALL ! RE/1 & TO UND]M9E !REBY !  
V]Y BASIS ( ! ,/ATE4 ,! ,DUKHOBORS1 ON ! O!R  
H&1 CANNOT DISREG>D ?AT V]Y LAW :I* !Y CONSID] AS DIV9E1 &1 CONSEQU5TLY1 AS SUPREMELY OBLIGATORY4  

,GOV]NM5TS HAVE HI!RTO F\ND A WAY \T ( ?IS  
DILEMMA1 EI!R BY COMPELL+ ?OSE :O REFUSE MILIT>Y  
S]VICE 7ON ACC\NT ( !IR RELIGI\S CONVICTIONS7 TO FULFILL O!R DUTIES1 MORE DIFFICULT1 BUT NOT 9 CONFLICT )  
!IR RELIGI\S BELIEFS1 AS HAS BE5 DONE1 & IS /ILL BE+ DONE1 9 ,RUSSIA ) ! ,M5NONITES 7:O >E COMPELL$ TO DO ! USUAL T]M ( S]VICE AT GOV]NM5T WORKS7 2 OR ELSE ! GOV]NM5TS DO NOT RECOGNIZE !  
LEGALITY ( A REFUSAL = RELIGI\S REASONS1 & PUNI%  
?OSE ?AT FAIL TO OBEY A G5]AL LAW ( ! ,/ATE1 BY  
PUTT+ !M 9TO PRISON = ! USUAL T]M ( S]VICE1  
AS IS DONE 9 ,AU/RIA ) ! ,NAZ>5ES4 ,BUT !  
PRES5T ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T HAS F\ND YET A ?IRD WAY  
( TREAT+ ! ,DUKHOBORS A WAY :I* ONE MI<T  
HAVE EXPECT$ W\LD BE DISP5S$ ) 9 \R TIME4  
,BESIDES SUBJECT+ ?OSE ?AT REFUSE MILIT>Y S]VICE TO  
! MO/ PA9FUL TORTURES1 IT SY/EMATICALLY CAUSES SUFF]+ TO !IR FA!RS1 MO!RS1 & *ILDR51 PROBABLY  
) ! OBJECT ( %AK+ BY ! TORTURES ( !SE  
9NOC5T FAMILIES ! RESOLUT5ESS ( ! DISS5TI5TS4  

,NOT TO M5TION ! FLOGG+S1 9C>C]ATIONS1 &  
EV]Y K9D ( TORTURES TO :I* ! ,DUKHOBORS :O REFUS$ TO S]VE 9 ! >MY W]E SUBJECT$ 9 ! P5AL  
BATTALIONS1 :]E MANY DI$1 & !IR BANI%M5T TO  
! WOR/ P>TS ( ,SIB]IA 2 NOT TO M5TION ! TWO HUNDR$ RES]VES1 :O1 DUR+ ! C\RSE ( TWO YE>S1 LANGUI%$ 9 PRISON1 & >E N[ SEP>AT$ FROM !IR  
FAMILIES1 & EXIL$1 9 PAIRS1 TO ! WILDE/ P>TS ( !  
,CAUCASUS1 :]E1 DEPRIV$ ( EV]Y OPPORTUNITY ( E>N+ A LIV+1 !Y >E LIT]ALLY DY+ ( />VATION1 NOT  
TO M5TION !SE PUNI%M5TS ( ?OSE GUILTY ( HAV+  
REFUS$ TO S]VE 9 ! >MY1 ! FAMILIES ( ! ,DUKHOBORS >E BE+ SY/EMATICALLY RU9$ & EXT]M9AT$4  

,!Y >E ALL DEPRIV$ ( ! RI<T TO LEAVE ! PLACE  
:]E !Y LIVE1 & >E HEAVILY F9$ & IMPRISON$ = NONCOMPLIANCE ) ! /RANGE/ DEM&S  
( ! AU?ORITIES 2 = 9/ANCE1 = CALL+ !MSELVES  
BY A DIFF]5T NAME FROM ! ONE !Y >E ORD]$ TO  
ADOPT1 = FET*+ FL\R FROM A NEI<BOR+ MILL1 =  
GO+ FROM ! VILLAGE TO A WOOD TO GA!R FUEL2 A  
MO!R IS EV5 PUNI%$ = VISIT+ H] SON4 ,& SO  
! LA/ RES\RCES ( 9HABITANTS =M]LY WELL-TO-DO >E  
BE+ QUICKLY EXHAU/$4 ,9 ?IS WAY F\R HUNDR$  
FAMILIES HAVE BE5 EXPELL$ FROM !IR HOMES & SETTL$ 9 V>I\S ,T>T> & ,GEORGIAN VILLAGES1 :]E !Y1  
BE+ OBLIG$ TO PAY = !IR LODG+S & FOOD1 &  
NOT HAV+ ANY L& OR O!R MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE1 HAVE F\ND !MSELVES 9 SU* DIFFICULT CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT 9  
! C\RSE ( ! ?REE YE>S S9CE !IR REMOVAL1 !  
F\R? P>T ( !M1 MO/LY OLD PEOPLE & *ILDR51  
HAVE ALREADY DI$ FROM WANT & DISEASE4  

,IT IS DIFFICULT TO IMAG9E ?AT SU* A SY/EMATIC EXT]M9ATION ( A :OLE POPULATION ( TWELVE ?\S& PEOPLE  
%\LD 5T] 9TO ! PLANS ( ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T4  
,IT IS PROBABLE ?AT ! SUP]IOR AU?ORITIES >E UNAW>E  
( ?AT :I* IS 9 REALITY GO+ ON1 & EV5 IF !Y  
SUSPECT IT1 !Y W\LD NOT DESIRE TO KN[ ! DETAILS1  
FEEL+ ?AT !Y \<T NOT TO ALL[ SU* A /ATE (  
?+S TO CONT9UE1 & YET AT ! SAME TIME RECOGNIZ+ ?AT :AT IS BE+ DONE IS NECESS>Y4  

,AT ALL EV5TS1 IT IS C]TA9 ?AT ! ,CAUCASIAN ADM9I/RATION HAS BE5 DUR+ ! LA/ ?REE YE>S REGUL>LY  
TORTUR+1 NOT ONLY ?OSE ?AT REFUSE TO S]VE 9 ! >MY1  
BUT ALSO !IR FAMILIES1 & ?AT 9 ! SAME SY/EMATIC  
WAY IT IS RU9+ & />V+ TO DEA? ALL ! ,DUKHOBORS :O W]E EXIL$4  

,ALL PETITIONS 9 FAVOR ( ! ,DUKHOBORS1 & ANY ASSI/ANCE R5D]$ !M1 HAVE HI!RTO ONLY L$ TO !  
BANI%M5T FROM ,RUSSIA ( ?OSE :O HAVE 9T]C$$  
9 !IR BEHALF1 & TO ! EXPULSION FROM ! ,CAUCASUS  
( ?OSE :O HAVE ATTEMPT$ TO HELP !SE VICTIMS4  
,! ,CAUCASIAN ADM9I/RATION HAS SURR\ND$ ) A  
K9D ( ,*9ESE WALL ! :OLE ( AN UNSUBMISSIVE POPULATION1 & ?IS POPULATION IS GRADUALLY DY+ \T 2 ANO!R ?REE OR F\R YE>S & PROBABLY NOT ONE ( !  
,DUKHOBORS WILL SURVIVE4  

,?IS W\LD ACTUALLY HAVE HAPP5$1 BUT = AN 9CID5T1 APP>5TLY UN=ESE5 BY ! ,CAUCASIAN GOV]NM5T NAMELY1 :5 LA/ YE> ! D[AG]-EMPRESS1  
HAV+ COME TO ! ,CAUCASUS ON A VISIT TO H] SON1 !  
,DUKHOBORS SUCCE$$ 9 SUBMITT+ TO H] A PETITION1  
ASK+ = P]MISSION TO BE SETTL$ ALL TOGE!R 9 SOME  
REMOTE PLACE1 & IF ?IS %\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE1 TO ALL[  
!M TO EMIGRATE4 ,! EMPRESS H&$ OV] ?IS PETITION TO ! SUP]IOR AU?ORITIES1 & ! LATT] ACKN[L$G$ ! POSSIBILITY ( ALL[+ ! ,DUKHOBORS TO  
EMIGRATE4  

,IT SEEMS AS IF ! PROBLEM W]E N[ SOLV$1 & ?AT  
A WAY HAS BE5 F\ND \T ( A POSITION BURD5SOME =  
BO? SIDES4 ,?IS1 H[EV]1 IS ONLY APP>5TLY ! CASE4  

,! ,DUKHOBORS >E N[ 9 A POSITION :I* MAKES IT  
IMPOSSIBLE = !M TO EMIGRATE4 ,AT PRES5T !Y HAVE  
NOT SUFFICI5T MEANS TO DO SO1 & BE+ CONF9$ )9  
!IR VILLAGES1 !Y >E UNABLE TO MAKE ANY PREP>ATIONS4  
,=M]LY !Y W]E WELL-TO-DO1 BUT DUR+ ! LA/ FEW  
YE>S ! GREAT] P>T ( !IR MEANS HAS BE5 TAK5  
AWAY FROM !M BY CONFISCATIONS & F9ES1 OR HAS BE5  
SP5T 9 MA9TA9+ !IR EXIL$ BRE?R54 ,AS !Y >E  
NOT ALL[$ TO LEAVE ! VIC9ITY ( !IR HOMES1 & AS  
NOBODY IS ALL[$ TO SEE !M1 !RE IS NO POSSIBILITY  
:ATEV] = !M TO CONF] & DECIDE UPON ! WAY  
( EMIGRAT+4 ,! FOLL[+ LETT] DESCRIBES1 BETT]  
?AN ANY?+ ELSE C\LD DO1 ! POSITION 9 :I* !  
,DUKHOBORS N[ F9D !MSELVES4  

,?IS IS :AT A MAN1 HI<LY RESPECT$ AMONG !M1  
WRITES TO ME 3  

,WE 9=M Y\ ?AT WE SUBMITT$ A PETITION TO H] ,IMP]IAL  
,MAJE/Y1 ! ,EMPRESS ,M>IA ,FEODOROVNA1 :O H&$ IT OV]  
TO ! ,S5ATE4 ,! RESULT WAS ! DECREE EXPRESS$ 9 ! 5CLOS$ (FICIAL NOTIFICATION4  

,ON ,FEBRU>Y #a1 ,I W5T TO ,TIFLIS1 & !RE MET \R BRO!R ,/4 ,JOHN2.<#a.> BUT \R MEET+ WAS ( V]Y %ORT DURATION 2 !Y SOON >RE/$ BO? ( US4 ,I WAS PUT 9TO PRISON1 & HE WAS IMM$IATELY EXPELL$ FROM ,RUSSIA4  

,I 9TIMAT$ TO ! *IEF ( POLICE ?AT ,I HAD COME ON BUS9ESS TO ! GOV]NOR4 ,HE SAID 3 0 ,WE WILL FIR/ IMPRISON Y\1  
& AFT]W>DS WE WILL REPORT Y\ TO ! GOV]NOR40 ,ON !  
#a#b? ,I WAS PUT 9TO PRISON1 & ON ! IP? ,I WAS TAK5 TO !  
GOV]NOR1 ESCORT$ BY TWO SOLDI]S4 ,! *IEF CL]K 9 ! GOV]NOR'S (FICE ASK$ ME1 0 ,:Y W]E Y\ >RE/$ 8 0 ,I SAID1  
0,I DON'T KN[40 0,WAS IT Y\ :O W]E 9 ,SIGNAKH LATELY80  
0 ,YES1 ,I WAS !RE40 0 ,& :AT DID Y\ COME H]E = 8 0  
0 ,I WI% TO SEE ! GOV]NOR 2 LA/ SUMM] WE SUBMITT$ A  
PETITION TO ! ,EMPRESS ,M>IA ,FEODOROVNA DUR+ H] /AY AT  
,ABO/UMAN4 ,I RECEIV$ AN ANSW] TO ! PETITION ?R\< ! HEAD (FICIAL ( ! ,SIGNAKH DI/RICT4 ,I ASK$ = A COPY1 BUT  
HE REFUS$1 SAY+ ?AT HE C\LD NOT GIVE ONE )\T ! GOV]NOR'S P]MISSION & ?IS IS :Y ,I HAVE N[ COME H]E40  

,HE ANN\NC$ ME TO ! GOV]NOR1 ! GOV]NOR CALL$ ME  
91 & ,I EXPLA9$ TO HIM ! POSITION ( AFFAIRS4 ,HE SAID 3  
0 ,9/EAD ( SEE+ ME Y\ MADE HA/E TO MEET ! ,5GLI%MAN40 ,I REPLI$ 3 0 ,! ,5GLI%MAN IS ALSO \R BRO!R40  

,! GOV]NOR TALK$ TO ME K9DLY1 & ADVIS$ US TO EMIGRATE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE2 HE ADD$3 0,Y\ CAN ALL GO1 EXCEPT  
?OSE ( Y\ :O >E LIABLE TO BE SUMMON$ AT ! NEXT CALL TO  
MILIT>Y S]VICE40  

,HE ALSO GAVE ORD]S = ME TO BE RELEAS$ FROM PRISON1 &  
S5T BACK TO ,SIGNAKH4 ,WE >E1 JU/ N[1 MEET+ 9 C\NCIL1  
&1 ) ,GOD'S HELP1 WE WILL TRY TO PREP>E = \R EMIGRATION  
TO ,5GL& OR ,AM]ICA4 ,& 9 ?IS MATT] WE ASK = Y\R  
BRO!RLY ASSI/ANCE4  

,AS TO ! POSITION ( \R BRE?R51 WE 9=M Y\ ?AT ,PET] ,VASILYEVIT* ,V]IG9.<#b.> HAS BE5 ORD]$ TO REMA9 = ANO!R T]M ( FIVE YE>S4 ,! BRE?R5 9 ! PROV9CE ( ,K>S >E /ILL1 AS BE=E1 BE+ F9$ AT EV]Y OPPORTUNITY 2 !Y >E /ILL =BIDD5 TO LEAVE !IR PLACES ( RESID5CE1 & = NONCOMPLIANCE ) ?IS ORD] !Y >E PUT 9TO PRISON = A T]M ( ONE TO TWO WEEKS4 ,DISEASES CONT9UE AS BE=E 2 BUT !RE >E  
FEW] DEA?S4 ,MAT]IAL WANT IS MO/ ACUTELY EXP]I5C$ BY ! BRE?R5 ( ! ,SIGNAKH DI/RICT 2 ?OSE ( ! O!R DI/RICTS1 H[EV]1 >E SOME:AT BETT] (F4  

,& H]E IS ! (FICIAL NOTIFICATION 3  

,! ,FA/+ ,DUKHOBORS1.<#c.> :O W]E EXPELL$ 9 ! YE> #ahie FROM ! DI/RICT ( ,AKHALKALAK1 & TRANSPORT$ 9TO O!R DI/RICTS ( ! GOV]NM5T ( ,TIFLIS1 HAV+ SUBMITT$ A PETITION TO H] ,IMP]IAL ,MAJE/Y ! ,EMPRESS ,M>IA ,FEODOROVNA1 ASK+ EI!R TO BE GR\P$ & SETTL$ 9 ONE PLACE1 & TO BE EXEMPT FROM ! DUTIES ( MILIT>Y S]VICE1 OR TO BE ALL[$ TO EMIGRATE1 ! FOLL[+ 9/RUCTIONS HAVE BE5 RECEIV$ 3  

,! REQUE/ = EXEMPTION FROM MILIT>Y S]VICE IS REFUS$4 
,! ,FA/+-,DUKHOBORS ) ! EXCEPTION1 ( C\RSE1 ( ?OSE ?AT HAVE REA*$ ! AGE AT :I* !Y CAN BE SUMMON$ TO ! DUTIES ( MILIT>Y S]VICE1 & ( ?OSE :O HAVE FAIL$ TO FULFILL ?OSE DUTIES MAY EMIGRATE UND] !SE CONDITIONS 37A7 ,?AT !Y PROVIDE !MSELVES ) A =EIGN PASSPORT1 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! E/ABLI%$ ORD] 2 
7B7 ?AT !Y LEAVE ,RUSSIA AT !IR [N EXP5SE2 & 
7C7 ?AT BE=E LEAV+ !Y SIGN AN AGREEM5T NEV] TO RETURN )9 ! BORD]S ( ! EMPIRE1 UND]/&+ ?AT 9 ! CASE ( NONCOMPLIANCE ) ?IS LA/ PO9T ! (F5D] WILL BE CONDEMN$ TO EXILE TO REMOTE PLACES4 

,AS TO !IR REQUE/ TO BE SETTL$ 9 ONE VILLAGE1 IT IS REFUS$4  

,?IS NOTIFICATION IS ISSU$ BY ORD] ( ! GOV]NOR ( ,TIFLIS TO ONE ( ! PETITION+ ,FA/+-,DUKHOBORS1 ,VASILI ,POTAP(1 9 ANSW] TO HIS P]SONAL APPLICATION4  

,T,I,F,L,I,S1 ,FEBRU>Y #b#a1 #a#h#i#h4  

,PEOPLE >E P]MITT$ TO EMIGRATE1 BUT !Y HAVE PREVI\SLY BE5 RU9$1 SO ?AT !Y HAVE NO?+ TO EMIGRATE )1 & ! CIRCUM/ANCES 9 :I* !Y F9D  
!MSELVES >E SU* AS TO R5D] IT ABSOLUTELY IMPOSSIBLE = !M TO KN[ :]E TO GO & H[ TO >RANGE  
! MIGRATION1 & !Y >E EV5 UNABLE TO MAKE USE (  
! ASSI/ANCE EXT5D$ TO !M FROM \TSIDE1 S9CE ALL  
?OSE ?AT ATTEMPT TO HELP !M >E IMM$IATELY EXPELL$1 & ! ,DUKHOBORS !MSELVES >E PUT 9TO PRISON  
= EA* ABS5CE FROM !IR HOMES4  

,?US1 IF NO ASSI/ANCE CAN BE R5D]$ !M FROM  
\TSIDE1 !Y WILL 9 ! 5D BE COMPLETELY RU9$1 &  
WILL ALL DIE \T1 NOT)/&+ ! P]MISSION GIV5  
!M TO EMIGRATE4  

,I HAPP5 TO KN[ ! DETAILS ( ! P]SECUTIONS &  
SUFF]+S ( !SE PEOPLE 2 ,I AM 9 COMMUNICATION )  
!M1 & !Y ASK ME TO HELP !M4 ,!RE=E ,I CONSID] IT MY DUTY TO ADDRESS MYSELF TO ALL GOOD PEOPLE1  
:E!R ,RUSSIAN OR NOT ,RUSSIAN1 ASK+ !M TO HELP  
! ,DUKHOBORS \T ( ! T]RIBLE POSITION 9 :I* !Y  
N[ >E4 ,I HAVE ATTEMPT$ TO ADDRESS MYSELF11 ?R\<  
! M$IUM ( A ,RUSSIAN NEWSPAP]1 TO ! ,RUSSIAN  
PUBLIC1 BUT DO NOT KN[ AS YET :E!R MY APPEAL WILL BE  
PUBLI%$ OR NOT 2 & ,I N[ ADDRESS MYSELF ONCE MORE TO ALL SYMPA?IZ]S1 ASK+ = !IR ASSI/ANCE FIR/1 9  
! =M ( MONEY1 ( :I* MU* WILL BE NE$$ =  
! REMOVAL TO A DI/ANT PLACE ( T5 ?\S& PEOPLE 2  
& SECONDLY1 ( ADVICE & GUIDANCE 9 ! DIFFICULTIES  
( ! COM+ EMIGRATION ( PEOPLE :O DO NOT UND]/& ANY =EIGN LANGUAGE & HAVE NEV] LEFT ,RUSSIA  
BE=E4  

,I TRU/ ?AT ! LEAD+ AU?ORITIES ( ! ,RUSSIAN  
GOV]NM5T WILL NOT PREV5T SU* ASSI/ANCE FROM BE+  
R5D]$1 & ?AT !Y WILL *ECK ! EXCESSIVE ZEAL (  
! ,CAUCASIAN ADM9I/RATION1 :I* IS1 AT ! PRES5T  
MOM5T1 NOT ADMITT+ ANY COMMUNICATION :ATEV]  
) ! ,DUKHOBORS.<#d.> 
,APRIL #a1 #a#h#i#h4,ORIG9AL ,FOOTNOTES 
8 ,?IS IS AN EX-CAPTA9 ( ! ,5GLI% >MY :O TOOK ! ,DUKHOBORS SOME MONEY COLLECT$ = !M 9 ,5GL&4 

8 ,V]IG9 IS ONE ( !IR BRE?R5 :O WAS AT FIR/ BANI%$ TO ! GOV]NM5T ( ,>*ANGEL1 & AFT]W>DS TO ,SIB]IA1 & :O IS N[ = ! ELEV5? YE> 9 EXILE4  

8 ,! GOV]NM5T ?US DESIGNATES ?OSE ,DUKHOBORS ?AT HAVE NOT CONS5T$ TO MILIT>Y S]VICE1 & :O ALSO REFRA9 FROM FLE% FOODS4  

8 ,C\NT ,TOL/O'I'S APPEAL WAS HE$$4 ,A CONSID]ABLE SUM ( MONEY WAS  COLLECT$2 ! ,5GLI% & ,AM]ICAN ,QUAK]S ) ESPECIAL ALACRITY CAME TO ! AID ( ?OSE :O W]E P]SECUT$ = PRACTIC+ ! ,QUAK] PR9CIPLES ( NONRESI/ANCE2 A L>GE TRACT ( L& WAS GRANT$ BY ! ,DOM9ION  ( ,CANADA = !IR SETTLEM5T4 ,%IPS W]E *>T]$ TO BR+ ! EXILES ACROSS ! OCEAN1 & F9ALLY1 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#h#i#i1 ! ,DUKHOBORS W]E L&$ ON ! %ORES ( ,AM]ICA &1 LIKE ! ,PILGRIM FA!RS1 GIV5 FRE$OM TO WOR%IP ,GOD 9 !IR [N MANN] & TO WRE/ A LIV+ FROM ! ABUNDANT ?\< LAT5T RES\RCES ( ! AS YET UNBROK5 WILD]NESS4 ,$4 

7,S\RCE3 ,WRITT5 ,APRIL #a1 #a#h#i#h4 ,FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,DAILY ,*RONICLE1 ,LONDON47 

,FROM 3 ,WIKIS\RCE4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,APRIL #a1 #ahih 3 ,! ,EMIGRATION ( ! ,D\KHOBORS -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #b#d1 #bba 3 ,! ,EMIGRATION ( ! ,D\KHOBORS -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,! ,EMIGRATION ( ! ,D\KHOBORS -- ,UPDAT$4 

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