,! ,ELECTIONS 9 ,G]MANY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANTON ,PANNEKOEK 

,TEXT 3 

,PUBLI%$3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,REVIEW1 VOL4 #a#b1 NO4 #i1 ,M>* #a#i#a#b4 
,TRANSLATION3 ,WILLIAM ,E4 ,BOHN4 
,TRANSCRIPTION_/,M>KUP3 ,MICAH ,MU]1 #b#a#g4 

,! ELECTIONS TO ! ,G]MAN ,REI*/AG HAVE RESULT$ 9 A GREAT VICTORY = 
! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY4 ,9 #aig ! ,SOCIALI/S 5T]$ ! NATIONAL 
ASSEMBLY ) #dc MEMB]S1 & BY MEANS ( VICTORIES AT BY-ELECTIONS ?IS NUMB] 
WAS RAIS$ TO #e#c4 ,! GREAT ELECTORAL BATTLE ( #a#i#a#b1 H[EV]1 GIVES US QUITE A 
DIFF]5T /ORY TO TELL4 ,! FIR/ BALLOT1 ON ,JANU>Y #a#b1 GAVE ! ,SOCIALI/S #fg 
SEATS1 ( :I* #be REPRES5T NEWLY CONQU]$ DI/RICTS4 ,! P>TY ( ! 
WORK+-CLASS WAS1 MOREOV]1 LEFT AS CONTE/ANT 9 #aba REBALLOT+S4 ,! SECOND 
ELECTIONS HAVE NETT$ #dc SEATS4 ,?US ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC GR\P NUMB]S #aa 
MEMB]S 9 ! NEW *AMB]4 

,EV5 MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ! NUMB] ( SEATS IS ! NUMB] ( VOTES 
REGI/]$4 ,! POPUL> VOTE ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY HAS 9CREAS$ BY A 
MILLION S9CE #a#i#g2 IT HAS GR[N FROM ?REE & A QU>T] MILLIONS TO F\R & A 
QU>T]4 ,AT ! PRES5T MOM5T MORE ?AN A ?IRD ( ALL VOT]S 7#c#d4#h P] C5T7 
SUPPORT ?IS P>TY4 ,IF ! ,G]MAN ELECTORAL LAW W]E A REALLY JU/ & 
DEMOCRATIC ONE1 GIV+ ! SAME 9FLU5CE TO EV]Y VOTE CA/1 A ?IRD ( ! 
REPRES5TATIVES W\LD N[ BE ,SOCIALI/S4 ,BUT ?IS IS NOT ! CASE4 ,! ELECTORAL 
DI/RICTS HAVE NOT BE5 ALT]$ S9CE #a#h#g#a4 ,S9CE ?IS DATE ! GREAT CITIES & 
! 9DU/RIAL REGIONS1 9 :I* ,SOCIALISM IS /RONGE/1 HAVE DEVELOP$ 
TREM5D\SLY1 :ILE ! RURAL DI/RICTS HAVE BECOME P>TLY DEPOPULAT$4 ,A SIMPLE 
COMP>ISON WILL %[ ! 9JU/ICE ( ! SY/EM :I* HAS RESULT$3 ,COMRADES 
,L$EB\R & ,ZUBEIL W]E ELECT$ 9 ,B]L9 BY #a#d#b1#e#b & #a#f#b1#g#a#g VOTES1 
RESPECTIVELY1 :ILE 9 ! RURAL DI/RICTS REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,CONS]VATIVE 
& ,C5TRI/ P>TIES W]E ELECT$ BY FEW] ?AN #a1 VOTES4 

,! 5ORM\S 9CREASE 9 ! NUMB] ( ,SOCIALI/ VOTES WAS UNIV]SALLY 
EXPECT$4 ,! LA/ ,REI*/AG HAD DONE ALL 9 ITS P[] TO EMBITT] ! MASSES ( 
! PEOPLE4 ,9 #aig ,PREMI] ,BUL[ PROMIS$ A LIB]AL REGIME & !REBY 
GA!R$ AB\T HIS /&>D ! MAJORITY ( ! SMALL B\RGEOISIE1 ! 
GOV]NM5T EMPLOYES .<SIC.>1 ! MIDDLE-CLASS1 ! 
9TELLECTUALS1 ALL ?OSE :O REALLY C>$ LITTLE OR NO?+ AB\T ! \TCOME ( 
! ELECTION4 ,ALL ( !SE JO9$ !MSELVES ) ! ,CONS]VATIVES &1 
AL?\< ! NUMB] ( ,SOCIALI/ VOTES 9CREAS$ FROM ?REE TO ?REE & A 
QU>T] MILLIONS1 ! ,SOCIALI/ GR\P 9 ! ,REI*/AG WAS CUT D[N FROM #ha TO 
#d#c4 ,!RE WAS GREAT REJOIC+ ?R\<\T ! B\RGEOIS WORLD4 ,! ,KAIS] 
HIMSELF1 SPEAK+ 9 POETIC PHRASES FROM ! BALCONY ( HIS PALACE1 REF]R$ TO 
! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY AS A P[] :I* HAD BE5 0TRAMPL$ UND]FOOT40 ,! 
GOV]NM5T & ! P>LIAM5T>Y MAJORITY ?\<T N[ ?AT !Y C\LD BE AS 
>BITR>ILY REACTION>Y AS !Y PLEAS$4 ,9 ! BEG9N+ ,BUL[ GOV]N$ 
) ! SUPPORT ( A MAJORITY MADE UP ( ,CONS]VATIVES & ,LIB]ALS4 ,! 
,CONS]VATIVES REPRES5T$1 ( C\RSE1 ! L&$ >I/OCRACY4 ,! ,LIB]ALS 
9CLUD$ ! ,NATIONAL ,LIB]ALS1 REPRES5TATIVES ( 0BIG BUS9ESS10 & ! 
,FREE-,?9K]S 7,FREIS9NIG571 :O REPRES5T$ COMM]CE & ! SOLELY F9ANCIAL1 
/OCK-EX*ANGE 9T]E/S1 :I* 9 ! PA/ HAD OPPOS$ MILIT>ISM & ! :OLE 
REACTION>Y POLICY ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! NEW GOV]NM5T WAS1 NATURALLY 5\<1 
ANY?+ BUT LIB]AL4 ,A NEW LAW TO REGULATE ORGANIZATIONS & PUBLIC MEET+S 
WAS PASS$1 BUT IT LEFT 9TACT NE>LY ALL ! POLICE RE/RICTIONS = :I* 
,PRUSSIA IS FAM\S4 ,9 FACT1 IT CUT (F SOME ( ! LIB]TIES PREVI\SLY 5JOY$2 
! ,POLES W]E =BIDD5 TO EMPLOY !IR MO!R TONGUE 9 PUBLIC MEET+S & 
P]SONS UND] EI<TE5 YE>S ( AGE W]E D5I$ ! PRIVILEGE ( TAK+ P>T 9 
POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS OR GA!R+S4 ,ALL ?IS WAS OP5LY DESIGN$ TO H9D] 
! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,! ,LIB]ALS ( ALL %ADES ( OP9ION SUPPORT$ ?IS 
LAW4 

,!N CAME ! NEW TAX LAWS4 ,!RE W]E CON/ANTLY 9CREAS+ DEM&S UPON ! 
NATIONAL TREASURY4 ,9 #aih ! CO/ ( MA9TA9+ ! >MY AM\NT$ TO 
#h#e#d11 M>KS1 ?AT ( MA9TA9+ ! NAVY TO #c#c#i111 :ILE MILIT>Y 
P5SIONS REA*$ ! FIGURE ( #a#d#f114 ,DUR+ ! TWO YE>S FROM #aih TO 
#aia ! IMP]IAL DEBT 9CREAS$ FROM #d111 M>KS TO #e1114 ,! 
9COME ( ! NATION WAS NOT KEEP+ PACE ) ! EXP5DITURES4 ,IF ! CON/ANT 
9CREASE 9 ! IMP]IAL DEBT WAS TO BE /OPP$ A GREATLY 9CREAS$ REV5UE 
W\LD HAVE TO BE PROVID$4 ,9 #aih ! GOV]NM5T 9TRODUC$ A NEW REV5UE LAW4 
,UND] ITS PROVISIONS #d11 M>KS W]E TO BE RAIS$ ANNUALLY FROM A TAX ON 
SU* >TICLES ( CONSUMPTION AS BE]1 TOBACCO1 :ISKEY1 GAS1 & ELECTRICITY1 
& #a11 FROM AN 9COME TAX4 ,! ,LIB]ALS W]E WILL+ TO VOTE = !SE 
PROVISIONS DESPITE ! FACT ?AT1 CONTR>Y TO ! ,LIB]AL PROGRAM1 ! MONEY WAS 
TO BE RAIS$ FROM ! POV]TY-/RICK5 MASSES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,BUT ! 
,CONS]VATIVES W\LD NOT AGREE TO ! 9COME TAX PROVISION4 ,!Y JO9$ 
!MSELVES TO ! ,C5TRUM 7! ,CA?OLIC P>TY71 CUT LOOSE FROM ! ,LIB]ALS1 & 
BR\<T AB\T ! D[NFALL ( ,BUL[4 ,! NEW GOV]NM5T BLOC DROPP$ ! 
9COME TAX1 ADD$ TO ! LAW PROVISIONS = REV5UE ON MAT*ES1 GAS MANTLES1 
C(FEE1 & TEA1 & F9ALLY =C$ IT ?R\< ! ,REI*T/AG4 ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 
IT >\S$ ! GREATE/ DISCONT5T4 ,! ,LIB]ALS N[ MADE ! MO/ /R5U\S 
OPPOSITION TO ! 0,BLUE-,BLACK0 BLOC1 ?9K+ !REBY TO W9 BACK ! FAVOR ( 
! ELECTORATE4 ,:51 H[EV]1 9 #a#i#a-#a#a ! REVISION ( ! SICKNESS & 
ACCID5T 9SURANCE LAW WAS UND]TAK5 ALL ! B\RGEOIS F\ND !MSELVES 9 
ACCORD4 ,! *ANGES W]E MADE 9 ! DIRECTION ( DEPRIV+ ! WORK+-CLASS ( 
! L>GE %>E IT HAD PREVI\SLY HAD 9 ! ADM9I/RATION ( ! LAW4 ,& ! 
,LIB]ALS AS WELL AS ! ,CONS]VATIVES & ,C5TRI/S W]E 9 FAVOR ( !SE 
*ANGES4 

,SO ! LA/ ,REI*/AG HAS PRODUC$ NO?+ BUT 9CREASE ( BURD5S & 
DECREASE ( RI<TS4 ,NATURALLY 5\< ! ,G]MAN WORK]S LOOK$ =W>D TO ! 
ELECTION AS A GR& OPPORTUNITY TO SETTLE ACC\NTS ) !IR RULES4 ,!Y KNEW 
?AT A L>GE PROPORTION ( ! PEOPLE :O HAD BE5 DECEIV$ 9 #aig W\LD N[ 
VOTE ! ,SOCIALI/ TICKET4 ,& 9 ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES !RE WAS EV]Y:]E 9 
EVID5CE ! APPREH5SIVE FE> ( ! S9N] APPROA*+ HIS PUNI%M5T4 

,?IS SKET* ( ! POLITICAL CONDITIONS :I* DET]M9$ ! RESULT ( ! 
ELECTION ?R[S LITTLE LI<T1 H[EV]1 ON ! REAL MEAN+ ( :AT HAS HAPP5$4 
,ANYONE :O SUPPOSES ?AT ! POLICIES ( ! LA/ ,REI*/AG HAVE BE5 F9ALLY 
ELIM9AT$ DECEIVES HIMSELF4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES WILL KEEP TO 
!IR OLD C\RSE4 ,= ?IS C\RSE IS NOT ! RESULT ( PASS+ TEMPOR>Y 
IMPULSE1 BUT RA!R AN 9EVITABLE RESULT ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ,G]MAN CAPITALISM 
9 ! DIRECTION ( IMP]IALISM4 

,IMP]IALISM IS ! MOD]N =M ( CAPITALISM4 ,IT HAS APPE>$ DUR+ ! PA/ 
T5 OR TW5TY YE>S 9 ALL NATIONS4 ,CAPITAL KN[S NO C\NTRY4 ,! CAPITALI/ IS 
NOT CONT5T TO EXPLOIT ! WORK]S ( HIS [N L& & M]ELY EXPORT PRODUCTS TO 
=EIGN %ORES4 ,HE DOES NOT F9D ADEQUATE CONDITIONS = DEVELOPM5T 9 HIS 
C\NTRY4 ,!RE=E CAPITAL IS EXPORT$ TO =EIGN P>TS1 ESPECIALLY TO 
REGIONS /ILL AGR>IAN 9 *>ACT]1 TO BUILD RAILWAYS1 H>BORS1 OR IRRIGATION 
PLANTS1 TO LAY \T PLANTATIONS1 TO OP5 M9ES OR FACTORIES -- 9 %ORT1 TO 
EXPLOIT ! NATIVES 9 ANY WAY POSSIBLE4 ,TO ?IS 5D IT IS NECESS>Y TO CONQU] 
! NATIVES OR TO MAKE ! NATIVE GOV]NM5T DEP5D5T ON ! 5T]PRIS+ 
CAPITALI/S4 ,?IS PROCESS NECESS>ILY 9VOLVES COMPETITION AMONG ! V>I\S 
CAPITALI/ GOV]NM5TS4 ,IMP]IALI/ POLITICS IS ! POLITICS ( =CE1 ( 
CONQUE/1 ( COLONIAL W>4 ,IT RESULTS1 !RE=E1 9 GR[+ DANG] ( W> 
BETWE5 CIVILIZ$ NATIONS & ! NECESSITY ( 9CREAS$ >MAM5TS4 ,DUR+ ! 
LA/ T5 YE>S ALL ! GREAT NATIONS HAVE 9CREAS$ !IR >MIES1 & ESPECIALLY 
!IR NAVIES1 AT A TREM5D\S RATE4 ,! BUDGETS DEVOT$ TO ?IS 9CREASE >E 
BE+ RAPIDLY SWELL$ BY HUNDR$S ( MILLIONS1 & CON/ANTLY GR[+ BURD5S ( 
TAXATION >E LAID UPON ! %\LD]S ( ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,!RE IS NO 
MONEY LEFT = SOCIAL RE=MS4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! SPIRIT ( VIOL5CE & 
9TOL]ANCE :I* IS DEVELOP$ T[>D ! PEOPLE ( O!R C\NTRIES LEADS TO 
HI<H&$ BRUTALITY AT HOME4 ,?US ! CAPITALI/ M9D 9 TIME REA*ES A PO9T 
AT :I* IT WILL HE> ( NO CONCESSIONS TO ! WORK+-CLASS4 ,MOREOV]1 ! FE> 
( A REVOLUTION IS DIM9I%$4 ,! P>TICIPATION ( ! 5TIRE WORLD 9 
CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION GIVES NEW LIFE TO 9DU/RY4 ,PROSP]ITY RULES1 & ! 
CAPITALI/S FANCY !IR MA/]Y ( ! SITUATION FIRM] ?AN EV]4 ,9DIVIDUAL 
BUS9ESS M5 COMB9E 9 TRU/S & ASSOCIATIONS :I* >E ABLE TO RESI/ ANY 
DEM&S ( ! WORK]S = 9CREAS$ WAGES4 ,AT ! SAME TIME PRICES M\NT 
HI<]1 9 P>T BECAUSE ( ! COMB9ATION ( CAPITALI/S1 9 P>T BECAUSE ( 
! GRADUAL 9TRODUCTION ( MOD]N 9DU/RY 9TO L&S :I* HAD HI!RTO 
FURNI%$ RAW MAT]IALS & A M>KET = MANUFACTUR$ PRODUCTS4 ,?IS IS1 !N1 
! SUM TOTAL ( ! RESULT ( IMP]IALISM3 COLONIAL W>S1 9CREAS$ >MAM5TS1 
DANG] ( W>1 TAXES1 HI< CO/ ( LIV+1 REACTION & SUPPRESSION ( ! 
WORK]S1 NEGLECT ( SOCIAL RE=M4 

,S9CE #ahi ,G]MANY HAS BE5 ON ?IS D[NW>D ROAD4 ,KAIS] ,WILHELM ,I,I1 AS ! 
TRU/$ REPRES5TATIVE ( BIG BUS9ESS1 HAS BE5 ! MO/ 5]GETIC ADVOCATE ( 
! IMP]IALI/ POLICY4 ,9 NUM]\S PUBLIC ADDRESSES HE HAS URG$ ! NECESSITY 
( A /RONG NAVY4 ,BUT 9 ,G]MAN B\RGEOIS CIRCLES !RE HAS LONG BE5 LITTLE 
UND]/&+ ( ?IS POLICY4 ,!RE HAS BE5 DISSATISFACTION ) ! BURD5S1 
DISGU/ AT ! HORRORS REVEAL$ 9 ! COLONIAL ADM9I/RATION1 & EXASP]ATION 
AT ! TYRANNY & REACTION AT HOME4 ,! DEM&S ( BIG BUS9ESS W]E1 ( 
C\RSE1 RU?LESSLY ASS]T$4 ,MEMB]S ( ! ,REI*/AG SCOLD$ AT ! %AMELESS 
DEM&S ( ! GOV]NM5T & ?\<T ) FE> & TREMBL+ ( ! MOM5T :5 
!Y W\LD HAVE TO FACE !IR CON/ITU5TS1 BUT AFT] ALL DID NOT D>E TO VOTE 
AGA9/ ! MILIT>Y & NAVAL APPROPRIATIONS4 ,! ,KAIS] WAS HELD UP TO 
RIDICULE :5 HE VISIT$ ,J]USALEM & CALL$ ON ,ABDUL ,HAMID 9 ORD] TO SECURE 
= ,G]MAN CAPITAL 5TRANCE 9TO ,ASIA &1 MORE ESPECIALLY1 TO GA9 = IT ! 
,BA<DAD RAILWAY CONCESSION4 ,UNIV]SITY PR(ESSORS SCOLD$ ! GOV]NM5T &1 
OCCASIONALLY1 EV5 GAVE A WORD ( PRAISE TO ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY = ITS PR\D 
& CONSI/5T OPPOSITION TO ALL ?IS4 ,! !ORIES1 IDEALS1 & P>TY PROGRAMS 
( ! OLD]1 UNDEVELOP$1 HOME-KEEP+ CAPITALISM /ILL DOM9ATE ! ?9K+ 
( ! ,G]MAN B\RGEOISIE & ! ,G]MAN 9TELLECTUAL CLASSES4 ,9 ! MEANTIME 
! GOV]NM5T & ! GREAT BANK-CAPITALI/S HAVE ALREADY PUT 9 PRACTICE ! 
IMP]IALI/ POLICY4 

,?IS /ATE ( AFFAIRS C\LD NOT GO ON 9DEF9ITELY4 ,IMP]IALISM IS A 
NECESSITY = ! POSSESS+ & RUL+ CLASS4 ,)\T IT ?IS CLASS W\LD BE 
SUFFOCAT$ 9 ITS [N SURPLUS PRODUCT & GO D[N 9 A GREAT CRISIS4 ,IMP]IALISM 
AF=DS ! ONLY B>RI] AGA9/ ! RIS+ TIDE ( ,SOCIALISM4 ,COLONIES PROMISE 
! BUS9ESS MAN NEW M>KETS 9 =EIGN P>TS4 ,COLONIAL M9ES & RAILWAYS (F] 
! L&HOLD] & MONEY-CAPITALI/ NEW AV5UES = 9VE/M5T & SPECULATION4 
,S*OL>S1 = !IR P>T1 >E GIV5 ! OPPORTUNITY TO EXPLORE & /UDY 
HI!RTO UNKN[N REGIONS4 ,PEOPLE ( 9TELLIG5CE & CONSCI5CE HAVE PO9T$ \T 
TO !M ! /UDY ( BE>+ 0! :ITE MAN'S BURD50 -- ?AT IS1 ( 
C>RY+ 0CIVILIZATION10 OR CAPITALISM1 TO ! B>B>IANS ( ,ASIA OR ,AFRICA4 ,& 
TO ! B\RGEOISIE AS A :OLE IS GIV5 A NEW WORLD IDEAL1 ! VISION ( ITS [N 
NATION /&+ DOM9ANT AMONG ALL ! PEOPLES ( ! E>?4 ,& ?IS VISION1 IT 
IS HOP$1 WILL DO SOME?+ TO 9SPIRE ?OSE :O HAVE F\ND !MSELVES P[]LESS 
9 ! PA? ( ! OV]P[]+ IDEALS ( HUMANITY & WORLD BRO!RHOOD 
REPRES5T$ BY ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 

,ALL ( ?IS1 NATURALLY1 WAS B\ND TO TAKE DEF9ITE POLITICAL =M4 ,H]E9 
LIES ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! ELECTION ( #a#i#g4 ,AN 9TELLIG5T1 EXP]I5C$ 
F9ANCI]1 ,D]NBURG BY NAME1 WAS PLAC$ AT ! HEAD ( ! COLONIAL (FICE4 ,9 
! C\RSE ( A DISCUSSION ( ! APPROPRIATIONS = A COLONIAL W> HE CAME 9TO 
COLLISION ) ! ,C5TRI/S4 ,! LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE1 9SPIR$ BY ITS LONG 
/&+ HATR$ = ! CL]ICALS1 SUPPORT$ ,D]NBURG1 HAD ITS 9T]E/ 9 
COLONIZATION >\S$1 & SUDD5LY BECAME CONSCI\S ( ! SURPASS+ BEAUTY & 
GLORY ( WORLD-POLITICS4 ,AS A RESULT1 ALL ! WISE PR(ESSORS 5T]$ ! 
CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! BLACKS & ! R$S4 ,A WAVE ( 5?USIASM C>RI$ ALL ! 
PHILI/9ES ALONG 9 ! IMP]IALI/ FLOOD1 & ! ADVANCE ( ,SOCIALISM WAS 
*ECK$ = ! MOM5T4 ,! ELECTION ( #aig WAS A VICTORY ( ! NEWLY >\S$1 
Y\?FUL SPIRIT ( IMP]IALISM1 A VICTORY ( ! IMP]IALI/ ILLUSION4 

,! FIVE YE>S :I* FOLL[$ W]E SUFFICI5T TO DISPEL ?IS ILLUSION SO F> 
AS ! MASS ( ! ,G]MAN PEOPLE W]E CONC]N$4 ,! GREAT BODY ( ! CITIZ5S 
CAME TO KN[ :AT IMP]IALISM REALLY IS4 ,!Y HAVE DISCOV]$ ?AT = !M IT 
HAS NO?+ TO (F] BUT OPPRESSION & HEAVY BURD5S4 ,) ?IS KN[L$GE HAS 
COME ! BEG9N+ ( A REBELLION AGA9/ IT4 ,NOT ONLY ! WORK+-CLASS1 BUT 
ALSO ! SMALL BUS9ESS PEOPLE1 ! F>M]S1 & GOV]NM5T (FICIALS HAVE 
SUFF]$4 ,?US IT HAS COME AB\T ?AT ?IS NEW =M ( CAPITALISM T5DS MU* 
MORE /RONGLY ?AN ! OLD TO DRIVE !SE SECTIONS ( ! MIDDLE-CLASS 9TO ! 
,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T1 & !REBY TO UND]M9E CAPITALISM ITSELF4 ,= S9CE ! 
LA/ %R$S ( ,LIB]AL OPPOSITION W5T D[N ) ! ,BUL[ BLOC ! ONLY 
P>TY ?AT CONSI/5TLY OPPOSES ! IMP]IALI/ T5D5CY IS ! ,SOCIAL 
,DEMOCRACY4 ,! ELECTION ( #aiab IS1 !RE=E1 ! ANSW] TO ! ELECTION ( 
#a#i#g4 ,! RESULT IS ! DEFEAT ( IMP]IALISM UNMASK$1 ! BEG9N+ ( ! 
REVOLT ( ! MASSES AGA9/ IT1 ! NATURAL RESULT ( ! IMP]IALI/ 
DISILLUSIONM5T4 

,NATURALLY ?IS DOES NOT MEAN A *ANGE 9 ! POLICY ( ! ,G]MAN GOV]NM5T4 
,! ONLY *ANGE 9 ! ASPECT ( AFFAIRS LIES 9 ! FACT ?AT ! ,SOCIAL 
,DEMOCRACY HAS GR[N SO /RONG ?AT IT IS NO LONG] POSSIBLE TO HAVE TWO 
CAPITALI/ P>TIES1 ONE ,CONS]VATIVE-,LIB]AL & ! O!R 
,CONS]VATIVE-,CL]ICAL4 ,SUPPORT+ ALL GOV]NM5TAL ACTION !RE MU/ N[ /& 
ONE ,CONS]VATIVE-,LIB]AL-,CL]ICAL MAJORITY4 ,ALL CAPITALI/ P>TIES MU/ 
CO-OP]ATE 9 ORD] TO FURNI% TO ! BIG BUS9ESS 9T]E/S ! CANNONS1 
DREADN\<TS1 TAXES1 & LAWS AGA9/ ! WORK+-CLASS4 ,IF ANY ONE ( !SE 
P>TIES DES]TS ! BLOC1 ! OPPOSITION WILL HAVE A MAJORITY & ! 
GOV]NM5T'S GAME WILL BE UP4 ,BUT ! IMP]IALI/ POLICY IS FIRM] 9 ! SADDLE 
?AN EV]4 ,! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY IS A P[]LESS M9ORITY 9 ! ,REI*/AG4 ,IT CAN 
DO NO?+ BUT PROTE/4 ,CAPITAL CAN SAFELY RELY ON ! CAPITALI/ MAJORITY TO 
GRANT ALL ?AT IS DEM&$4 ,APPROPRIATIONS = 9CREASES 9 ! >MY & NAVY 
& LIMITATION ( ! RI<T TO /RIKE W]E PROMIS$ BY ! GOV]NM5T BE=E ! 
ELECTION2 IT IS1 !N1 TO BE TAK5 = GRANT$ ?AT ?OSE :O VOT$ AGA9/ 
,SOCIALISM W]E 9 FAVOR ( !SE ?+S4 ,) FIRM /EP ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM GOES 
ON TO FA/5 ITS HOLD ON ,AFRICA1 ,*9A1 & ,TURKEY & TO PREP>E = ! GREAT 
CONFLICTS ( ! FUTURE1 ESPECIALLY = A POSSIBLE CONFLICT ) ,5GL&4 ,BUT 
! FUR!R IT PURSUES ?IS POLICY ! MORE IT WILL R\SE ! OPPOSITION ( ! 
MASSES4 ,/RONG] RESOLUTIONS ON ! P>T ( ! RUL+ CAPITALI/ P[]1 
CON/ANTLY RIS+ REBELLION 9 ! WORK+-CLASS -- ?IS MEANS A FI]C] 
CLASS-/RUGGLE4 ,H>D] BATTLES ?AN HAVE YET BE5 F\<T >E :AT ! IMM$IATE 
FUTURE HAS 9 /ORE = ! ,G]MAN WORK+-CLASS4 

,IMP]IALISM HAS NOT ONLY *ANG$ ! POLICIES ( ! RUL+ CAPITALI/ CLASS2 
IT HAS ALSO TRANS=M$ ! TACTICS ( ! WORK+-CLASS4 ,IT 9T5SIFIES ! 
P>LIAM5T>Y /RUGGLES2 BUT P>LIAM5T>IANISM IS 9ADEQUATE TO ! GIGANTIC 
CONFLICT :I* HAS BE5 5T]$ UPON BY B\RGEOISIE & PROLET>IAT4 ,TW5TY 
YE>S AGO IT SEEM$ ?AT P>LIAM5T>IANISM (F]$ A /RAI<T & REGUL> ROAD 
TO REVOLUTION4 ,! 9CREAS+ /R5G? ( ! ,SOCIALI/ GR\P 9 ! ,REI*/AG 
=C$ ! B\RGEOISIE TO GRANT A NUMB] ( RE=MS2 & :]EV] UNIV]SAL MALE 
SUFFRAGE PREVAIL$ !RE WAS A BASIS = BELIEV+ ?AT 9 ! C\RSE ( TIME 
$UCATION & ORGANIZATION ( ! MASSES W\LD SECURE A MAJORITY 9 P>LIAM5T4 
,BUT !SE EXPECTATIONS HAVE BE5 TRANS=M$ 9TO DREAMS BY ! GR[? ( 
IMP]IALISM4 ,! ME?OD ( ELECT+ ! MEMB]S ( ! ,REI*/AG HAS BECOME SO 
UNDEMOCRATIC ?AT A ,SOCIALI/ MAJORITY IS UN?9KABLE4 ,IF ! PROLET>IAT IS 
EV] TO A*IEVE A POLITICAL CONQUE/ ( ! /ATE & ?US OV]?R[ ! 
CAPITALI/ REGIME1 IT MU/ FIR/ A*IEVE MORE POLITICAL RI<TS BY MEANS ( 
NONP>LIAM5T>Y MEANS1 BY ! ACTION ( ! MASSES !MSELVES4 

,UND] IMP]IALISM ! WORK+-CLASS CANNOT W9 9 P>LIAM5T ANY FUR!R 
RE=MS1 ANY GREAT] RI<TS1 ANY DIM9UTION ( OPPRESSION OR WANT4 ,ON ! O!R 
H&1 ! PROLET>IAT HAS TO DEF5D ITSELF AGA9/ 9CREAS$ BURD5S & 
TYRANNY4 ,! MIS]IES UND] :I* IT SUFF]S AT PRES5T CANNOT BE ABOLI%$ BY 
P>LIAM5T1 = !Y RESULT ONLY 9 P>T FROM ! ACTIONS ( P>LIAM5T4 ,9 
REALITY ! REAL P[] ( P>LIAM5T IS DECREAS+ AT ! PRES5T TIME4 ,! 
POLICIES ( ! /ATE >E MORE & MORE %AP$ BEH9D CLOS$ DOORS BY A SMALL 
GR\P ( MAGNATES & M9I/]S4 ,! WILL ( ?IS SMALL GR\P CANNOT BE 
SUCCESSFULLY OPPOS$ ) P>LIAM5T>Y RESOLUTIONS2 ! ONLY =CE ?AT CAN 
MAKE !M SIT UP & TAKE NOTICE IS ! DEMON/RAT$ P[] ( ! MASSES 
!MSELVES4 ,! DISSATISFACTION ) ! TAX MEASURES PASS$ BY ! ,REI*/AG 
WAS EXPRESS$ 9 ! ELECTION4 ,9 FACT1 ! ELECTION WAS *IEFLY USEFUL AS A 
DEMON/RATION ( F\R & A QU>T] MILLIONS ( PEOPLE AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/ 
P>TIES4 ,BUT AGA9/ ! HI< CO/ ( LIV+ NO?+ CAN BE DONE ) ! 
BALLOT4 ,SPONTANE\S UPRIS+S LIKE ?OSE :I* OCCURR$ 9 ,FRANCE & ,AU/RIA 
MU/ VOICE ! FEEL+ ( DISCONT5T 9 CASES LIKE ?IS4 

,ABOVE ALL DOES ! CON/ANTLY 9CREAS+ DANG] ( W> SPUR ! PEOPLE ON TO 
ACTION4 ,W>S >E NOT 9/ITUT$ BY P>LIAM5T1 BUT BY ! GOV]NM5T & ! 
CAPITALI/S :O /& BEH9D IT4 ,! GR[+ OPPOSITION ( 9T]E/S ( ! 
V>I\S GOV]NM5TS CON/ANTLY 9CREASES ! 9T]NATIONAL T5SION2 AGA9 & 
AGA9 NEW REASONS = FI<T+ >E DISCOV]$1 AS REC5TLY 9 ,MOROCCO1 & !RE 
IS DANG] ( AN IMM$IATE DECL>ATION ( W>4 ,BUT A W> RESULT+ FROM SU* A 
CAUSE W\LD BE ! GREATE/ CALAMITY :I* C\LD OV]TAKE ! WORLD1 & 
ESPECIALLY ! WORK+-CLASS4 ,! TRANSPORTATION ( ALL ABLE-BODI$ M5 TO ! 
BORD]S TO BUT*] ONE ANO!R BY MILLIONS1 COMPLETE DEMORALIZATION ( 9DU/RY1 
CRISES & />VATION EV]Y:]E1 ! DE/RUCTION ( ALL CIVILIZATION1 
DEG5]ATION 9TO B>B>ISM -- ONLY A WORLD REVOLUTION C\LD PUT A /OP TO 
! HORRORS ( A WORLD W>4 ,= ! WORK]S1 = ALL ! POPULATION BEYOND A 
SMALL NUMB] ( GREAT CAPITALI/S1 W> W\LD BE ! MO/ T]RIBLE MIS=TUNE1 
& !Y /& READY TO RISK EV]Y?+ TO PREV5T IT4 ,BUT ?IS IS IMPOSSIBLE BY 
MEANS ( P>LIAM5T>Y ME?ODS4 ,! ONLY ADEQUATE MEANS LIES 9 ! ACTION ( 
! MASSES !MSELVES4 

,?US IT COMES AB\T ?AT IMP]IALISM =CES ! WORK+-CLASS TO RISE 9 ITS 
MI<T1 EI!R TO =CE FROM ! RUL+ CLASS NEW POLITICAL RI<TS OR TO FI<T 
AGA9/ W>4 ,IT IS NO WOND] ?AT DUR+ ! PA/ FIVE YE>S MASS ACTIONS HAVE 
BECOME MORE & MORE COMMON 9 ,G]MANY4 0,MASS ACTION IS ! LEGITIMATE (FSPR+ 
( IMP]IALISM10 SAID REC5TLY ! ,LEIPZIG] ,ZEITUNG1 A PAP] :I* =M]LY L$ 
9 ! W>F>E ( ! PR9CIPLES ( CAPITALISM & N[ LEADS NO LESS 9 ! 
REVOLUTION>Y FI<T AGA9/ IMP]IALISM4 ,MASS ACTIONS BEG9 ) M]E MEET+S 
& DEMON/RATIONS1 DEVELOP+ SOMETIMES 9TO HUGE /REET DEMON/RATIONS1 LIKE 
?OSE :I* PLAY$ A P>T TWO YE>S AGO 9 ! FI<T = A NEW ELECTORAL LAW 9 
,PRUSSIA2 & AS ! LA/1 & MO/ P[]FUL1 WEAPON ! WORK+-CLASS HAS AT ITS 
DISPOSAL ! G5]AL /RIKE4 

,! ,G]MAN WORK+-CLASS HAS %[N ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD H[ 
P>LIAM5T>IANISM CAN BE MADE A WEAPON 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE4 
,P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY /ILL S]VES TO C>RY ! TRU? AB\T CAPITALISM & ITS 
TYRANNY 9TO ! SMALLE/ VILLAGES & TO WELD ! WORK]S 9TO P[]FUL UNIT$ 
BODY4 ,BUT P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY IS NO LONG] VIEW$ 9 ,G]MANY AS ! CURE-ALL 
( ! ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,DUR+ ! PA/ T5 YE>S !RE HAS COME AB\T A 
GREAT *ANGE 9 ! ?9K+ ( ! ,G]MAN WORK+-CLASS4 ,?IS FACT HAS NOT BE5 
UNIV]SALLY OBS]V$ BECAUSE IT IS NOT EVID5T 9 ! SPEE*ES ( ! ,SOCIALI/ 
P>LIAM5T>IANS1 :O >E MO/LY RE=MI/S4 ,IT IS MU* MORE EVID5T 9 ! 
PRESS2 9 NUM]\S ,SOCIALI/ PAP]S ( ! MORE RADICAL SORT IT IS BE+ 
REM>K$ ) 9CREAS$ FREQU5CY ?AT ! CONQUE/ ( P[] IS NOT TO BE 
BR\<T AB\T BY ! USE ( ! BALLOT ALONE1 BUT ?AT ! MASSES !MSELVES 
MU/ 5T] 9TO ! CONFLICT4 ,& AMONG ! WORK]S ( ! GREAT CITIES ONE CAN 
SEE DEVELOP+1 SL[LY BUT NONE ! LESS C]TA9LY1 ! READ9ESS TO EMPLOY NEW 
ME?ODS 9 ! GREAT CONFLICT4 ,NATURALLY 5\<1 ?IS HAS BR\<T AB\T 9T]NAL 
/RUGGLES )9 ! P>TY4 ,! HEAT$ DISCUSSIONS AT ! LA/ P>TY CONGRESS 
GREW \T ( ! FACT ?AT ! EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE HAD NOT BE5 SUFFICI5TLY 
PROMPT 9 CALL+ UPON ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE TO DEMON/RATE AGA9/ ! 
?REAT5$ W>4 ,S9CE #aie ! P>TY HAS RECOGNIZ$ 9 ! G5]AL /RIKE AN 
IMPORTANT WEAPON TO BE US$ 9 W>D+ (F ATTACKS ON ! IMP]IAL ELECTORAL LAW 
& 9 W9N+ NEW POLITICAL RI<TS4 ,AS TO ITS USE 9 O!R CASES1 NO?+ HAS 
AS YET BE5 =MALLY DECID$4 ,! P>TY LEAD]S FE> ?AT AN (FICIAL 
RECOGNITION ( IT AS A WEAPON AGA9/ W> W\LD EXPOSE ! P>TY TO LEGAL 
P]SECUTION & TURN ONE ( ! /RONGE/ NATIONAL PREJUDICES AGA9/ US4 ,BUT IT 
IS CLE> ?AT 9 TIME ( ACTUAL DANG] ( W>1 :5 IT IS A MATT] ( LIFE OR 
DEA?1 ( DE/RUCTION OR VICTORY1 ! ACTION ( ! MASSES WILL BE DET]M9$1 
NOT BY P>TY RESOLUTIONS1 BUT BY ! DEEPE/ IMPULSES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,& AMONG 
! PEOPLE !RE IS DAWN+1 ESPECIALLY S9CE ! ,MOROCCO AFFAIR1 ! 
DET]M9ATION NOT TO BE L$ TO ! FIELD ( SLAU<T]1 BUT RA!R TO RESI/ ) 
ANY MEANS :I* (F]4 ,:5 REC5TLY ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG DECL>$ 9 A MASS MEET+ 
9 ,B]L9 ?AT 9 CASE ( A ?REAT5$ W> ! WORK]S MU/ EMPLOY ALL MEANS TO 
PREV5T IT1 EV5 ! MASS /RIKE1 H] WORDS W]E GREET$ BY A DEMON/RATION 
:I* LA/$ SEV]AL M9UTES4 ,BUT ! C5TRAL ORGAN ( ! P>TY1 ,VORWA]TS1 
OMITT$ JU/ !SE WORDS FROM ITS REPORT ( ! MEET+4 ,?IS FACT REFLECTS 9 A 
/RONG LI<T ! T5D5CIES ( ,G]MAN ,SOCIALISM4 

,?US IT IS EVID5T ?AT ! TACTICS & ?9K+ ( ! ,G]MAN WORK]S >E 
ADAPT+ !MSELVES TO ! NEW =MS ( CAPITALISM4 ,H]E ! TREM5D\S P[] ( 
9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALISM /&S OPPOS$ TO A CAPITALISM :I* IS 9F]IOR ONLY TO 
?AT ( ,AM]ICA 9 /R5G?1 9 UNITY ( ORGANIZATION1 9 DEGREE ( DEVELOPM5T1 
& 9 RU?LESSNESS4 ,IMP]IALISM WILL CONT9UE TO CONTROL \R NATIONAL POLICIES2 
! ELECTIONS HAVE S]V$ TO /R5G!N ITS GRIP4 ,WE FACE NEW & T]RIBLE 
/RUGGLES4 ,BUT !Y WILL NOT TAKE PLACE EXCLUSIVELY 9 P>LIAM5T2 ! MASSES 
!MSELVES WILL ACT DIRECTLY TO OPPOSE ! OPPRESSIONS & DANG]S ( 
IMP]IALISM UNTIL IT IS F9ALLY & COMPLETELY DEFEAT$1 UNTIL ! PROLET>IAT 
IS VICTORI\S1 UNTIL WE HAVE ! REVOLUTION4 

-- ,TRANSLAT$ BY ,WILLIAM ,E4 ,BOHN4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #a1 #bba 3 ,! ,ELECTIONS 9 ,G]MANY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,! ,ELECTIONS 9 ,G]MANY -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/