,! ,ECONOMICS ( ,AN>*Y 

#ahi 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,DY] ,LUM 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY LUCA SAVETTI]E1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE  
0,ACCORD+ TO ! ETYMOLOGY ( ! WORD1 AN>*Y W\LD MEAN ABS5CE ( ALL GOV]NM5T1 ( ALL POLITICAL AU?ORITY4 "9"9"9 ,AN>*Y IS NO?+ BUT SELF-GOV]NM5T C>RI$ TO ITS EXTREMI/ LIMITS1 & ! LA/ /EP 9 ! PROGRESS ( HUMAN REASON4 "9"9"9 ,POLITICS1 AS HI!RTO UND]/OOD1 W\LD HAVE NO FUR!R RAISON D'ETRE1 & ,AN->*Y1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ALL POLITICAL AU?ORITY1 W\LD BE ! RESULT ( ?IS TRANS=MATION ( HUMAN SOCIETY 9 :I* ALL QUE/IONS TO BE SOLV$ W\LD HAVE A PURELY ECONOMIC *>ACT]4 ,LONG AGO ,J4 ,B4 ,SAY ADVANC$ ! OP9ION ?AT ! FUNCTIONS ( ! /ATE %\LD BE R$UC$ TO ! P]=MANCE ( POLICE DUTIES4_<#a_> ,IF SO R$UC$ !RE W\LD BE BUT ONE /EP NE$$ TO REA* ! ,AN->*Y ( ,M4 ,PR\DHON - SUPPRESSION ( ! POLICE P[]40 - ,LALOR'S ,CYCLOPA$IA ( ,POLITICAL ,SCI5CE 

,I HAVE REPEAT$LY BE5 ASK$ TO WRITE A BRIEF SUMM>Y ( ! AIMS S\<T BY ,AN>*I/S :I* C\LD BE READ & DISCUSS$ 9 ! V>I\S CLUBS ?AT >E /UDY+ ECONOMIC QUE/IONS4 ,) ?IS 5D 9 VIEW ! FOLL[+ PAGES >E SUBMITT$1 TRU/+ ?AT !Y MAY BE A HELP TO ?OSE :O >E E>NE/LY SEEK+ ! RATIONALE ( ! ,LABOR ,QUE/ION4 

,D4 ,D4 ,L4 

,I4 ,9TRODUCTION 

,ALL SOCIOLOGI/S CLAIM ?AT PROGRESS HAS CONSI/$ 9 DEP>TURE FROM COMPULSORY TO VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION2 FROM ! REIGN ( MILITANT MEASURES TO :AT IS T]M$ ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE1 :]E9 SELF-RELIANCE & FREE COOP]ATION DIRECTS2 FROM ! 9EQUALITIES ( PRIVILEG$ & RE/RICT$ CLASSES TO ! EQUALITY ( EQUAL FRE$OM TO NATURAL OPPORTUNITIES2 9 %ORT1 TO USE ! CONCISE /ATEM5T ( ,H]B]T ,SP5C]1 0FROM A REGIME ( /ATUS TO A REGIME ( CONTRACT40 ,9 ! SOCIAL ORD] MILITANCY & 9DU/RIALISM1 !RE=E1 REPRES5T PA/ & FUTURE TYPES2 ! FIR/ :]E9 W> IS ! NORMAL DIRECTION ( HUMAN ACTIVITY2 ! O!R :]E PEACE MU/ PREVAIL = HEAL?FUL DEVELOPM5T4 ,FOLL[+ ?IS GUID+ PR9CIPLE LET US 5DEAVOR TO GR\P ! SALI5T PO9TS ( PROGRESS FROM MILITANT RULE TO 9DU/RIAL REQUIREM5TS 9 ORD] TO SEE MORE CLE>LY NOT ONLY 9 :AT DIRECTION WE >E T5D+1 BUT ALSO :AT ME?ODS >E NOT CONDUCIVE TO ?AT 5D4 ,/>T+ ) ! FACT ?AT SOCIAL EVOLUTION IS *IEFLY *>ACT]IZ$ BY A TRANSITION FROM W>LIKE TO PEACEFUL PURSUITS1 ?AT FROM G5]ATION TO G5]ATION ACTIVITY HAS BE5 TURN+ FROM CONQUE/ OV] FELL[M5 TO CONQUE/ OV] NATURE = M51 WE SEE AT ONCE ?AT ME?ODS *>ACT]IZ+ AN \TGR[N PHASE ( LIFE >E 9APPROPRIATE TO ! 5D T[>D :I* PROGRESS HAS BE5 MADE4 

,BE=E1 H[EV]1 APPLY+ TO ALL S*EMES = RE=M ! CRUCIAL TE/3 ,DO !Y BELONG TO ! MILITANT OR 9DU/RIAL TYPE8 LET US OBTA9 A CLE>] VIEW ( !IR DIFF]5CES4 ,! ONE BE+ FIXITY1 ! O!R ITS ABROGATION1 BETWE5 ! TWO !RE CAN BE NO GOLD5 MEAN )\T SACRIFICE ( PROGRESS1 = COMPROMISE 9 PR9CIPLES IS EV] 9CIPI5T SUICIDE4 ,) A CLE> CONCEPTION ( ! HI/ORICAL EVOLUTION ( SOCIETY WE MAY BE SP>$ ! FOLLY EV]Y:]E ATTEMPT$ BY W\LD-BE RE=M]S ( MIX+ 9CONGRU\S PR9CIPLES2 SU* MAY BE COMP>$ ) ?OSE :O W\LD SEEK A HAPPY M$IUM BETWE5 DAYLI<T & D>KNESS 9 TWILI<T4 ,HAV+ ATTA9$ ?IS1 TO ! GREAT DELI<T ( S5TIM5TAL LOV]S & FL$GL+ POETS1 !Y FLATT] !MSELVES 9 HAV+ SOLV$ ! ET]NAL CONTRADICTION 9 A /ATE ( POSSESS+ NONE ( ! POSITIVE NOR NEGATIVE QUALITIES ( EI!R1 & :I*1 CONSEQU5TLY1 CAN BE BUT TEMPOR>Y 9 DURATION4 

,TO /ATE 9 BRIEFE/ =M ! ESS5TIAL DI/9CTION BETWE5 MILITANCY & 9DU/RIALISM1 IT MAY BE SAID ?AT ! ONE IS A S*EME ( COMPULSORY COOP]ATION1 ! O!R ! NATURAL \TGR[? ( VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION4 ,IF WE LOOK AT ?OSE ,/ATES :]E ! MILITANT SPIRIT DOM9ATES MO/ L>GELY WE F9D ! ORGANIZATION ESS5TIAL TO AN >MY EXT5D$ TO ! CONC]NS ( PRIVATE LIFE4 ,! :OLE NATION VIRTUALLY BECOMES A CAMP UND] MILIT>Y DISCIPL9E2 9DU/RIAL LIFE IS SUBORD9AT$ TO REGULATION2 ! 9DIVIDUAL EXI/S = ! ,/ATE & A REGIM5TAL UNI=MITY P]VADES ALL SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL IS A SUBJECT & ) HIS CONDITION1 HIS RESID5CE1 HIS FAMILY1 5REGI/]$4 ,( ANCI5T ,P]U WE READ ?AT (FIC]S 0M9UTELY 9SPECT$ ! H\SES1 TO SEE ?AT ! MAN1 AS WELL AS HI WIFE1 KEPT ! H\SEHOLD 9 P]FECT ORD]1 & PRES]V$ A DUE /ATE ( DISCIPL9E AMONG !IR *ILDR540 _<#b_> ,ANCI5T ,EGYPT FURNI%ES AMPLE EVID5CE ( A LIKE REGIM5TATION ( ITS 9HABITANTS1 :O HAD TO REPORT AT FIX$ 9T]VALS TO ACC\NT = ! MO/ TRIVIAL ACTION4 ,H[ FULLY ! EV]YDAY LIFE ( ! ,HEBREWS WAS REGULAT$ 9 ! MO/ PETTY MANN] ! P5TATEU* ILLU/RATES4 ,! IRON LAWS ( ,SP>TA >E NOT EXCEPTIONAL ILLU/RATIONS4 ,9 EV]Y ,/ATE :]E ACTIVITIES >E *IEFLY MILIT>Y1 EV5 N[1 WE SEE A GREAT] OR LESS] DEGREE ( 5=C$ DISCIPL9E2 PATRIOTISM BECOMES ! HI<E/ VIRTUE & DISLOYALTY ! DEEPE/ CRIME2 NO DOME/IC TIE IS VALID AGA9/ ! ,FRANK5/E9 ( ! ,/ATE2 ! ASS]TION ( COMMON RI<TS IS H>DLY KN[N4 ,! ,/ATE DOM9ATES ! UNIT1 P]VADES ! H\SEHOLD1 IS PRES5T AT BIR?1 PRESIDES AT M>RIAGES1 BURIES ! DEAD1 & ! MASS ( ! POPULATION 5DURE LIFE = WORK1 9/EAD ( WORK+ TO 5JOY LIFE4 ,9 EV]Y SPH]E ( SOCIAL COOP]ATION ! MOTIVE P[] IS COMPULSION1 NOT NATURALLY EVOLV$1 BUT >TIFICIALLY 9/ITUT$4 ,H]B]T ,SP5C] SAYS1 & IT CANNOT BE DISPUT$3 0,IT IS ! LAW ( ALL ORGANIZATION ?AT AS IT BECOMES COMPLETE IT BECOMES RIGID10 _<#c_> A REM>K ( PR(\ND SIGNIFICANCE :I* IS E>NE/LY COMM5D$ TO ! ?\<TFUL ATT5TION ( ,SOCIALI/ & SEMI-,SOCIALI/ RE=M]S :O W\LD 9/ITUTE LIB]TY & /ILL PRES]VE PLA/ICITY6 

,LET US BEW>E ! MILITANT ASSUMPTION ?AT MAN EXI/S = ! ,/ATE1 & TRU/ TO !ORETICAL BRAKES TO *ECK ! MOM5TUM ( A BODY MOV+ ) 9CREAS+ VELOCITY4 ,! SOCIAL AGGREGATE IS NOT SOME?+ OV] & ABOVE ! UNITS :I* CON/ITUTE IT4 ,:5 !SE UNITS >E MORAL1 >E 9TELLIG5T1 >E SECURE1 ONLY !N IS SOCIAL LIFE MORAL1 9TELLIG5T & SECURE4 ,! CONDITION ( ! UNITS IS MIRROR$ 9 ! SOCIAL REFLECTOR4 ,TO SUBORD9ATE ! P>TS TO ! :OLE IS TO DE/ROY ?AT 9DIVIDUALITY BY :I* ! SOCIAL UNITY HAS BE5 ATTA9$2 TO PLACE 9 ! :OLE ?AT :I* RESIDES 9 NONE ( ITS P>TS2 TO MAKE AN EFFECT A G5]ATIVE CAUSE & BE/[ UPON A %AD[ ! QUALITIES ( A SUB/ANCE4 ,AN ILLU/RATION WILL MAKE ?IS CLE>]4 ,COLLEGE CLASSES FREQU5TLY HAVE COMPOSITE PHOTOGRAPHS TAK5 9 :I* ! FEATURES ( EA* IS SUP]IMPOS$ UPON ! O!RS4 ,! RESULT IS A FACE REPRES5T+ ! /RIK+ *>ACT]I/ICS ( ALL1 BUT 9 :I* ANGUL>ITIES ( *>ACT] >E M]G$ 9TO ONE4 ,?\< ! CLASS FACE REPRES5TS NO LIV+ ORIG9AL1 YET EA* HAS CONTRIBUT$ TO =M IT4 ,SO 9 SOCIAL LIFE 9DIVIDUAL2 PECULI>ITIES >E M]G$ 9TO ! COMPOSITE SOCIAL LIFE1 & ! SURVIVAL ( ! FITTE/ DET]M9ES :AT REMA9S OR S9KS4 ,9 ! CLASS FACE ! /RONG] ! 9DIVIDUALITY ! GREAT] ! EFFECT UPON ! COMPOSITE :OLE4 ,AS SOCIAL LIFE IS BUT A COMPOSITE REPRES5TATION ( 9DIVIDUAL *>ACT]I/ICS1 H[ IDLE TO HOLD ?AT ! UNIT IS SUBORD9ATE TO ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! COMPOSITE REFLECTION 9 :I* SELF HAS BE5 AN 9TEGRAL FACTOR4 ,YET ?IS IS ! LOGIC ( /ATE-SOCIALISM & COMMUNISM1 = BO? RELY UPON DIRECTION FROM COMPOSITE REFLECTION1 & DIRECTLY VIOLATE ! LAW ( PROGRESS 9 SEEK+ TO E/ABLI% A SOCIAL /RUCTURE UPON UNI=MITY RA!R ?AN 9DIVIDUALITY1 UPON T5D5CY TO SIMIL>ITY RA!R ?AN 9CREAS+ V>IANCE ( P>TS4 

,! :OLE C\RSE ( MOD]N HI/ORY HAS BE5 A P]PETUAL /RUGGLE AGA9/ DIRECTION 9 SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,MOTLEY CALLS ! ,F\RTE5? C5TURY AN 0,AGE ( ,REVOLT40 _<#d_> ,EUROPE EV]Y:]E DISPLAY$ SOCIAL LIFE UND] PAT]NAL GUIDANCE4 ,! V]Y CLO!S ?AT A MAN MU/ WE>1 H\RS ( WORK & ( REPOSE1 ! TIME = :I* A ME*ANIC %\LD BE RETA9$1 ! NUMB] ( %EEP A T5ANT MI<T KEEP1 LIMITATIONS UPON TRAVEL1 RE/RICTIONS UPON DIET1 ! HI]>*Y ( RANKS1 RULES REGULAT+ SOCIAL 9T]C\RSE1 ! V]Y ?\<TS ONE MU/ ?9K1 - W]E ALL MATT]S = LEGISLATIVE DIRECTION 9 ,M]RIE ,5GL&4 ,9 PHILOSOPHY1 RELIGION1 POLITICS & 9DU/RY LAW E/ABLI%$ ! /&>D = BELIEF & ACTION4 ,! CRUSADES BY *ANG+ VA/ BODIES ( M5 FROM ! N>R[ B\ND>IES :I* HAD H]ET(ORE CONF9$ !IR VISION1 BY OP5+ TO !M NEW SC5ES & CIVILIZATIONS1 BY EMANCIPAT+ MULTITUDES ( S]FS1 BY 9TRODUC+ ,EA/]N >TS & LUXURIES2 ALL ( :I* MAY BE SUMM$ UP 9 ,SISMONDI'S PHRASE3 0! GEOGRAPHY ( ! PILGRIMS20 _<#e_> & ABOVE ALL BY S[+ BROADCA/ ! SE$S ( UNBELIEF2 - L$ TO AN AWAK5+ ( 9TELLECT ?AT %OOK ! OLD F\NDATIONS ( SOCIAL LIFE TO !IR C5T]4 ,JACK ,CADE & ,WICKLIFFE 9 ,5GL&1 ! ,>TAVELDES 9 ,HOLL&1 ,M>CEL & ! JACQU]IE 9 ,FRANCE1 ! RIS+S ( ! ,SWISS CANTONS1 ,RI5ZI AT ,ROME1 ! ,HANSEATIC ,LEAGUE 9 ,G]MANY1 _<#f_> & C\NTLESS SPORADIC 9SURRECTIONS AGA9/ AU?ORITY 9 PHILOSOPHY1 9 RELIGION1 9 POLITICAL & ECONOMIC RELATIONS1 ALL TE/IFY TO ! OP5+ ( A NEW ]A :]E9 9DIVIDUAL SOV]EIGNTY WAS POSIT$ AGA9/ COLLECTIVE CONTROL4 ,9DU/RY FELT ! NEW BREA? & BECAME >RAY$ AGA9/ OPPRESSION4 ,! COMMUNAL /RUGGLES 9 ,FRANCE & ! ALLIANCE ( ! ,HANSE ,T[NS 9 ,G]MANY ILLU/RAT$ ! NEW SPIRIT :]E9 >MS W]E ONLY RESORT$ TO = DEF5SE AGA9/ AGGRESSION1 A CONTE/ :]E9 FEUDALISM WAS W\ND$ UNTO DEA? & ITS HI/ORY H5CE=? BUT ! RECORD ( ITS DY+ /RUGGLES4 ,! R5AISSANCE 9 ?\<T & >T1 ! ,PROTE/ANT REVOLUTION 9 RELIGION1 ! ,5GLI%1 ,AM]ICAN1 & ,FR5* REVOLUTIONS 9 ,/ATE POLICIES1 LOGICALLY L$ TO ! EXT5SION ( ! ASS]TION ( ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL TO ECONOMIC RELATIONS1 A /RUGGLE :I* ESS5TIALLY *>ACT]IZES ! ,N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,EV]Y /EP =W>D HAS BE5 AT ! EXP5SE ( AU?ORITY BY 9CREAS+ ! >EA ( VOLUNT>Y ACTIONS2 VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION HAS 9V>IABLY RIS5 TO SUPPLY NE$S AS COMPULSORY COOP]ATION WAS REMOV$4 ,AU?ORITY HAS BE5 %ORN ( ITS /R5G? 9 PHILOSOPHY & RELIGION & ,AN>*Y !RE9 ADMITT$ TO BE 9 ! L9E ( PROGRESS2 9 ! ,/ATE ITS SPH]E HAS BE5 CONT9UALLY N>R[$ BY ! GR[? ( FRE$OM TO CONTRACT TO A*IEVE GIV5 5DS4 ,NOR HAVE WE YET REA*$ ! T]M ( PROGRESS :ATEV] MAY BE ! WI%ES ( MILITANT REACTIONI/S OR ! S*EMES ( TWILI<T RE=M]S4 ,! L9ES ( PROGRESS HAVE BE5 SO M>L$ ?AT WE CANNOT D\BT ! ULTIMATE RESULT WILL BE ! EXT9CTION ( ALL COMPULSORY DIRECTION & ! TRIUMPH ( VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION 9 EV]Y PHASE ( SOCIAL 9T]C\RSE4 

,! !OLOGICAL AGE IS ( ! PA/ & WE >E YET 9 :AT MAY BE T]M$ ! METAPHYSICAL AGE1 9 :I* NAMES >E TAK5 = ?+S4 _<#g_> ,! 9DU/RIAL AGE HAS YET TO COME2 WE L+] 9 ! TRANSITION P]IOD 9 :I* OLD ME?ODS >E LABORI\SLY HA%$ ) ! NEW & PRES5T$ TO TWILI<T ADOR]S AS ! ,MECCA ( !IR HOPES4 ,AL?\< WE MAY ALREADY DISC]N ! DAWN & HA/5 ITS PROGRESS BY UND]/&+ ! REQUIREM5TS ( EQUAL FRE$OM1 & H5CE EQUAL RI<TS1 ?AN :I* !RE >E NO O!R1 IT IS /ILL NEI!R DAY NOR NI<T2 HAPPILY H[EV]1 A /ATE ( HAZY TWILI<T IS UNORGANIZABLE4 ,! 9DU/RIAL TYPE ( SOCIAL LIFE1 BAS$ ON ! LAW ( EQUAL FRE$OM1 DEM&S ! EMANCIPATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL & E/ABLI%ES ! DESIR$ SYN!TIC H>MONY ( 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIAL =CES BY ! REMOVAL ( LEGISLATIVE 9T]F]5CE4 ,\T ( ?IS IS NATURALLY EVOLV$ FREE COOP]ATION1 = SOCIAL 9T]E/S BE+ A P]MAN5T FACTOR1 IT WILL BE ?IS SE5 TO BE BE/ FUR!R$2 9 O!R WORDS1 UND] 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM TO CONTRACT SELF-9T]E/ WILL BE SE5 TO BE ID5TICAL ) MUTUAL 9T]E/4 ,ONLY UND] EQUAL FRE$OM HAS 9DIVIDUALITY FULL SCOPE1 UN*ECK$ BY RE/RICTIVE 9T]F]5CE & 9 JO9T CONCURR5CE ( ACTION :]E NE$$ SOCIAL & 9DIVIDUAL 9T]E/S WILL BE WOV5 TOGE!R 9 H>MONY1 )\T ! CONFLICTS N[ 9CID5T UPON !IR 5=C$ SEP>ATION4 0,SOCIETY0 ONLY !N WILL BECOME A SOCIAL PROVID5CE - NOT TO DOLE \T B5EFITS TO NE$S1 & ?US 5C\RAGE M$IOCRITY BY WEAK5+ 9ITIATIVE1 BUT TO /ORE ! FRUITS ( APPLICATION1 ( COOP]ATIVE EF=T2 & 9 SECUR+ UND] EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES TO EA* ! FULL REW>D ( ALL DE$S1 F9D :]E9 TO SATISFY ALL NE$S4 ,!N1 & ONLY !N1 WILL SELF-9T]E/ F9D ITS HI<E/ REALIZATION 9 ! WIDELY DIFFUS$ B5EFITS ( MORALITY1 9TELLIG5CE1 & SECURITY4 

,! HI/ORY ( NATIONS %[S US ?AT 5=C$ 0LAW & ORD]0 HAS PREVAIL$ L>GE/ :]E !RE EXI/$ SIMIL>ITY ( 9T]E/S4 ,! IRRUPTION ( ! B>B>IANS 9TO ,EUROPE DE/ROY$ ! UNITY ?AT ,ROME HAD SO LABORI\SLY E/ABLI%$ BY CAUS+ DIV]SITY ( AIMS BETWE5 CONQU]+ & CONQU]$ PEOPLES4 ,SU* C\NTRIES AS ,5GL& & ,FRANCE ATTA9$ P>TIAL EQUILIBRIUM LONG BE=E ,SPA9 ) ITS MIXTURE ( ,BASQUE1 ,CELTIC1 ,GO?IC1 ,MOORI% & ,JEWI% SUBJECTS1 & 9 :OM BO? RELIGION & NATURAL TRAITS KEPT ALIVE DIV]SITY1 :I* :ILE ! RESULT ( MILITANCY BECAME ! CAUSE ( ITS CONT9UANCE TO PRES]VE ! CONQU]ORS AMID W>R+ FACTIONS4 ,:]E 9T]E/S W]E SO DIAMETRICALLY OPPOSITE & EA* SEEK+ VANTAGE GR\ND1 :]E ! /RONG H& C\LD ALONE PRES]VE ! SEMBLANCE ( ORD] BY ! SUBORD9ATION ( ALL 9DIVIDUAL 9T]E/S TO ?OSE ( ! ,/ATE1 PEACE - ! CONDITION ( 9DU/RIAL PROGRESS - C\LD NOT OBTA94 ,FUSION BY CONQUE/ C\LD NOT OBLIT]ATE DI/9CTIVE *>ACT]I/ICS F\ND$ 9 RACE4 ,MI<T C\LD SIL5CE1 BUT NOT ]ADICATE !M4 ,DISCONT5T MI<T NOT F9D EXPRESSION1 BUT ! EMB]S W]E KEPT SMOLD]+ B5EA? ! A%ES4 

,9 ! PRES5T =M ( SOCIETY WE F9D DIV]SITY1 BUT ( CLASSES RA!R ?AN ( RACES4 ,:ILE WE HAVE NO ,/ATE-CREAT$ CLASS ( PRIE/S NOR NOBLES1 :ILE ALL M5 >E !ORETICALLY DECL>$ 0EQUAL BE=E ! LAW10 WE SEE UNMI/AKABLE EVID5CE ( RADICAL DIV]SITY ( 9T]E/S LEAD+ TO 9T]NEC9E /RIFE1 A DIV]SITY ?AT MANIFE/S ITSELF 9 C\NTLESS WAYS PROVOK+ DISCORD & /RUGGLE4 ,?IS /RIFE IS NO LONG] EI!R RELIGI\S OR POLITICAL 9 ITS NATURE2 ?OSE ISSUES >E ( ! PA/1 \R RECORDS REPORT NO ,PRAISE-,GOD-,B>EBONES' P>LIAM5TS NOR CON/ITUTION-MAK] ,SIEYES' CONV5TIONS2 _<#h_> ?OSE ISSUES W]E LONG S9CE ?RE%$4 ,! CONTE/ ( ! PRES5T IS 9DU/RIAL1 & IT BEHOOVES EV]Y ?\<TFUL P]SON TO SEEK \T ! CAUSES & POND] OV] ! *>ACT] ( ! REM$IES SO FREELY ADV]TIS$ = ITS CURE4 ,PROGRESS REQUIRES DIV]SITY1 BUT ORD] CAN NEV] RESULT SAVE AS ADAPT$ TO1 NOT *ECK+1 PROGRESS4 0,PROGRESS & ,ORD]10 RA!R ?AN 0,LAW & ,ORD]10 IS ! DEM& ( ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE ( CIVILIZATION4 _<#i_> 

,RELIANCE UPON MILITANT MEASURES1 TRY+ TO CURB 9DU/RIAL DISCONT5T BY LEGISLATIVE CO]CION1 IS REACTION>Y 9 *>ACT]4 ,H[EV] DISGUIS$ 9 TWILI<T MIXTURES IT IS ! SPIRIT ( ! OLD REGIME SEEK+ TO DOM9ATE ! NEW2 AS VA9 AS SEEK+ TO *ECK AN EXHAU/LESS FL[ ( WAT] BY DAMM+ ! /REAM4 ,! REM$Y CANNOT LIE 9 5ACTM5TS1 9 ! ORGANIZATION ( SY/EMS1 9 RETURN TO SIMPLICITY ( /RUCTURE1 = 9DU/RIAL CIVILIZATION DEM&S PLA/ICITY ( =MS :I* 0! LAW ( EQUAL FRE$OM0 ALONE GIVES1 :ILE ORGANIZATION1 ON ! O!R H&1 EV] T5DS TO RIGIDITY4 ,AS 9 ! PHYSIOLOGICAL REALM HYBRIDITY EV] *>ACT]IZES UNLIKE ORGANISMS1 SO 9 SOCIOLOGY NO SUCCESSFUL PROG5Y HAS EV] RESULT$ FROM COMPULSORY 9T]M+L+ ( DIV]SE CLASSES2 BUT :]E1 AS 9 SOCIOLOGY1 ! DIV]SE CLASSES >E SU* BECAUSE ( *>T]$ PRIVILEGES1 9VOLV+ CORRELATIVE RE/RICTIONS1 ABOLITION CAN ALONE PROVE REM$IAL4 ,! SAC]DOTAL & NOBLE CLASSES W]E DE/ROY$ AS RUL+ CLASSES1 BUT TO-DAY !Y /& BEH9D ! BUR<] CLASS ANIMAT+ IT ) !IR 9H]IT$ ANTAGONISM TO PLEBEIAN 9T]E/S4 ,:5 ,CAES> CONQU]$ ,GREECE1 HE SUBJUGAT$ ,OLYMPUS1 & ! GODS N[ MEASURE TAPE BEH9D C\NT]S ) ,*RI/IAN DECORUM4 ,IT IS USELESS TO SEEK TO DOME/ICATE CONQU]$ CLASSES = REPRODUCTIVE PURPOSES2 IT IS ONLY 9 !IR EXT9CTION1 ! EQUALIZATION ( OPPORTUNITIES BY :I* DIV]SE CLASSES CEASE TO EXI/1 ?AT RELIEF CAN COME4 ,PRIVILEGE1 ?\< NOT SYMBOLIZ$ BY TI>A & CR[N1 /ILL SURVIVES & IS ! S\L ( ! PREVAIL+ ECONOMIC SY/EM1 A NEW 9C>NATION ( ! ANCI5T FETI%4 ,H5CE ! PRES5T CONTE/4 

,9DU/RIALISM MEANS ! DIRECTION ( HUMAN ACTIVITIES TO CONQUE/ OV] NATURE1 & ONLY BY ! COMPLETE ]ADICATION ( ! MILITANT !OREM CAN ! IDEAL EV] BECOME REAL4 ,FROM COMPULSION1 >TIFICIALLY 9DUC$1 TO VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION1 NATURALLY EVOLV$1 ! /> ( PROGRESS LEADS & NO ME?OD ( RE=M EMBODY+ ANY ( ! ELEM5TS ( ! FIR/ WILL ANSW] ! 5D1 = 9 SO F> AS IT DOES IT CONTA9S ! SE$S :I* LEAD TO FIXITY & *OKE PLA/ICITY4 ,IT IS NOT BY LOOK+ BACKW>D TO REGIM5TATION1 BUT =W>D TO FREE CONTRACT1 ?AT ! GOAL WILL BE SE54 ,:E!R IT BE A ,BISM>CK GRANT+ ,/ATE P5SIONS TO AG$ WORKM51 ,FRANCE & ,5GL& EXT5D+ COLLECTIVE CONTROL OV] 9DU/RIAL ACTIVITIES1 TWILI<T S*EMES = 9/ITUT+ LIB]TY BY %IFT+ TAX BURD5S1 OR AN APPEAL TO A C\NT ( NOSES BY :I* POLITICAL AL*EMY WILL TRANS=M DIFFUS$ IGNORANCE 9TO CONCRETE WISDOM1 IT IS EV] PUTT+ NEW W9E 9TO OLD BOTTLES1 AN ATTEMPT TO RET>D DAY BY ORGANIZ+ MORN+ TWILI<T AS A P]MAN5T CONDITION = EV]-V>Y+ NE$S4 ,VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION NE$S NO 0DIRECTION02 SELF-9T]E/ ALONE WILL DET]M9E ITS RISE & ADAPTATION1 = :]E ! SOCIAL DEM& IS ! SUPPLY !N MU/ FOLL[4 ,NO MATT] H[ 0ADVANC$0 A PROJECT MAY BE VAUT$ TO BE1 9 SO F> AS IT 9CORPORATES MILITANT DIRECTION1 D5IES 9DIVIDUAL SECESSION1 =BIDS IGNOR+ ! ,/ATE BE IT ( :AT =M IT MAY1 JU/ SO F> IS SU* PROJECT LOOK+ BACKW>D :5 TE/$ BY ! LAW ( PROGRESS1 & CONSEQU5TLY 9 DISAGREEM5T ) ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! FUTURE4 ,FREE CONTRACT 7ONCE DECL>$ UTOPIAN 9 ALL RELATIONS7 EI!R IS OR IS NOT ! IDEAL ( 9DU/RIAL CIVILIZATION4 ,IF IT IS1 !RE CAN BE NO P]MAN5T HALT+ PLACE BETWE5 !SE ANTAGONI/IC L9ES NOT)/&+ METAPHYSICAL DOCTORS ATTEMPT IT 9 ,S+LE ,TAX & ,NATIONALISM4 ,/ATECRAFT MAY DICTATE ! /RADDL+ POLICY ( ,5SIGN ,/EBB9S _<#a_> :O ANN\NC$ ?AT HE WAS 09 FAVOR ( PROHIBITION1 BUT AG9' ITS 5=CEM5T02 OR PRIE/CRAFT DIRECT ATT5TION FROM PRES5T ILLS BY PREA*+ RESIGNATION C\PL$ ) PO/ OBIT DRAFTS _<#a#a_> ON ! ,BANK ( ,NEW ,J]USALEM2 BUT ! SOCIAL /UD5T %\LD EV] KEEP HIS GAZE ON ! IDEAL 5D & ) VOICE & P5 ONLY ADVOCATE SU* MEASURES AS WILL NOT ONLY T5D ?I!RW>D1 BIT :I* WILL REMOVE RA!R ?AN PRES]VE OB/RUCTIONS4 ,NEI!R 9 PLE?ORIC NOR EMASCULAT$ T>IFFS1 PROHIBITION1 9SPECTION ( FACTORIES1 M9ES1 %IPS1 H\SES1 BAK]IES1 & M>KETS2 NOT 9 COMPULSORY $UCATION NOR VACC9ATION1 USE ( BALLOT PRAY]-MILLS1 ETC41 LIES ! REM$Y4 ,!SE1 & C\NTLESS O!RS >E BUT MAKE%IFTS TO RECONCILE ! NEW ) ! OLD1 TWILI<T PROPOSITIONS ( ?OSE :OSE EYES DO NOT P]CEIVE ! BEAUTIES DAYLI<T ALONE CAN FULLY REVEAL4 ,!Y >E BAS$ ON ! RETA9$ SUP]/ITION ?AT ,/ATE AU?ORITY HAS NO ASSIGNABLE LIMIT1 & DEM&+ = IT BL9D FAI?2 IT IS A SURVIVAL ( PA/ =MS ( ?\<T1 A DILUT$ PHASE BUT L9EAL DESC5DANT ( ! OLD DOGMA ?AT 0! K+ CAN DO NO WRONG01 & 9VOLV+ ! FICTION ( 0DIV9E RI<T0 9 ! MAXIM3 0VOX POPULI1 VOX DEI0 _<#a#b_> SPREAD \T TO COV] HALF ! :OLE PLUS ONE6 ,P[] NO MORE RESIDES 9 A DEF9ITE NUMB] ?AN 9 ONE1 & ALL ALLEG$ 0RE=MS0 BAS$ UPON ?IS SUP]/ITION D]IVE !IR WEAPONS FROM ! >MORIES ( MILITANCY1 FROM ! ,BISM>CKIAN RI<T W+ D[N TO ! COLLECTIVI/ LEFT W+ ( ,TAX-%IFT]S & ,NATIONALI/S4 

,I,I4 ,FUNDAM5TAL ,PR9CIPLES 

,C>LYLE APTLY T]M$ POLITICAL ECONOMY ! 0,DISMAL ,SCI5CE10 _<#a#c_> BUT A GREAT *ANGE HAS S9CE BE5 COM+ OV] ITS SPIRIT4 ,= REASONS ALREADY P>TLY \TL9$ ,ECONOMI/S !MSELVES HAVE COME TO RECOGNIZE ?AT ! ISSUE IS PURELY ECONOMIC & HAS NO MORE RI<T TO BE QUALIFI$ BY ! ADJECTIVE 0POLITICAL0 ?AN BY ! ADJECTIVE 0RELIGI\S40 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! TR5D ( EVOLUTION>Y PROGRESS1 ! LOGIC ( EV5TS1 HAS ELIM9AT$ ! QUALIFY+ PREFIX & ! SCI5CE ( SOCIETY MU/ H5CE=? BE CONSID]$ 9 ! LI<T ( AB/RACT JU/ICE RA!R ?AN 9 ! 9T]E/S ( TEMPOR>Y ,/ATE REQUIREM5TS4 ,) ! OBLIT]ATION ( ! MISLEAD+ QUALIFICATION \R TASK IS MU* EASI] & ,ECONOMICS MAY BE SO SIMPLIFI$ ?AT1 BE+ M]ELY A PHASE ( EQUITABLE RELATIONS1 ! APPLICATION ( ! LAW ( EQUAL FRE$OM TO 9DU/RIAL ACTIVITIES1 IT MAY BE DIVE/$ ( ALL OBSCURITY :I* WAS IMPOSSIBLE :5 COMPLICAT$ ) EV] %IFT+ POLITICAL EXIG5CIES4 

,SOCIAL RELATIONS P]TA9+ TO ! SPH]E ( 9DU/RY >E 9DEP5D5T ( BO? POLITICAL & RELIGI\S REQUIREM5TS4 ,9 ! SPH]E ( PHILOSOPHY & RELIGION WE ADMIT 0! RI<T ( PRIVATE JUDGM5T02 9 POLITICS WE HAVE MADE GREAT ADVANCE ALONG ! SAME PA?1 BUT ! ADVANCE BUT MORE CLE>LY DRAWS ! L9E ( ITS FULL RECOGNITION4 ,ECONOMICS1 9 REPLAC+ POLITICAL ECONOMY1 HAS DIVORC$ POLITICAL 9T]E/S1 EV] TEMPOR>Y & FLUCTUAT+1 FROM 9DU/RIAL AIMS4 ,RELIGION1 ,POLITICS1 & ,ECONOMICS >E ?REE SEP>ATE REALMS2 !IR B\ND>Y L9ES NEV] 9T]SECT4 ,) ! SPH]E ( RELIGION & POLITICS1 ) !IR RESPECTIVE DEM&S & OBLIGATIONS )9 ! L9ES ( VOLUNT>Y AGREEM5T1 ! ECONOMI/ HAS NO CONC]N4 ,EV]Y MAN IS FREE TO ACCEPT A PHILOSOPHIC CRIT]ION OR A !OLOGICAL CRE$ ACCORD+ TO ! DICTATES ( HIS [N JUDGM5T OR PREJUDICE1 OR SURR5D] HIS SOV]EIGNTY OV] HIS [N ?\<T TO ! CAPRICE ( ! CR[D = REAL OR SUPPOS$ ADVANTAGES2 ?AT IS )9 HIS SOV]EIGNTY OV] HIMSELF ) :I* NO ONE ELSE HAS ! RI<T TO 9T]F]E.<4.> ,SO1 SIMIL>LY1 Y\ & ,I ) O!RS HAVE EQUAL RI<T TO VOLUNT>ILY COOP]ATE 9DU/RIALLY TO PRODUCE & EX*ANGE4 ,WE >E AW>E ?AT ! ,/ATE N[ PRESCRIBES C]TA9 RULES = SU* RELATIONS1 BUT IF ITS L9ES %\LD NOT 9T]SECT ,ECONOMICS1 ANY REGULATIONS :I* CURTAIL FREE CONTRACT1 :I* GRANT PRIVILEGES & CREATE RE/RICTIONS1 >E AS UNW>RANTABLE AN 9T]F]5CE AS RELIGI\S 9T]M$DL+ 9 ! SPH]E ( POLITICS ?REE C5TURIES AGO4 ,TIME ADDS NO?+ TO A WRONG - EXCEPT ACCRU$ 9T]E/ :I*1 UN=TUNATELY1 9NOC5T 9H]ITORS HAVE TO PAY4 ,IF \R PREMISES >E CORRECT1 - & H[ CAN !Y BE ASSAIL$8 NEI!R RELIGI\S NOR POLITICAL CLAIMS CAN DET]M9E ECONOMIC RELATIONS4 ,AS TO H[ MU* W\LD BE LEFT TO POLITICS DOES NOT CONC]N US1 IF IT CAN F9D A SPH]E )9 ! L9ES ( EQUAL FRE$OM )\T RESORT+ TO MILITANT MEASURES IT MAY !RE REMA9 UNDI/URB$4 ,IF !Y DO NOT H>MONIZE ) ! L9ES EVOLUTION HAS E/ABLI%$1 EI!R ECONOMIC RELATIONS MU/ BE SUBORD9AT$ TO ! EV]-*ANG+ REQUIREM5TS ( RELIGI\S NECESSITIES OR POLITICAL DEM&S 79 :I* CASE 9DU/RIAL EVOLUTION MU/ BE ADJU/$ TO PA/ CONDITIONS71 OR ! PRET5SIONS ( SU* ASS]TIONS ( MILITANCY MU/ BE D5I$ & IGNOR$4 ,NO ADVOCATE ( TWILI<T S*EMES CAN ESCAPE ?IS DILEMMA1 & IF LOGICAL HE %\LD AT ONCE JO9 HIS ALLIES ( ! RI<T W+1 BUT ON EI!R HORN ! ,AN>*I/ ASKS HIS OPPON5T TO RE/4 ,BUT IF1 & ?IS IF COV]S ! :OLE QUE/ION1 IF WE HAVE 5T]$ UPON AN ECONOMIC AGE1 IF NEI!R RELIGION NOR POLITIC CAN LONG] DET]M9E EQUITY1 NOR COMPEL C]TA9 RELATIONS O!RWISE ?AN BY ! EX]CISE ( COMPULSION1 !Y !REBY DECL>E !MSELVES 9COMPET5T TO SETTLE LIV+ ISSUES BY PROGRESSIVE ME?ODS4 ,) !SE D$UCTIONS FROM ADMITT$ SOCIOLOGICAL PREMISES1 WE WILL PROCE$ TO EXAM9E :AT FUR!R LIB]TY A SOCIAL REGIME ( CONTRACT1 OR VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION1 YET LACKS1 OR ! REMOVAL ( :AT RE/RICTIONS ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE REQUIRES TO 9TRODUCE ?AT EQUITABLE RELATIONS _<#a#d_> TO :I* ! SILV] CORD RUNN+ ?R\< HI/ORICAL EVOLUTION MANIFE/LY LEADS8 

,9 ?IS LI<T ,ECONOMICS CEASES TO BE A 0,DISMAL ,SCI5CE40 ,IT IS TO BE CONSID]$ AS ! NORMAL ADJU/M5T ( 9DU/RIAL RELATIONS IRRESPECTIVE ( ! TRAMMELS :I* RELIGION ONCE1 & POLITICS N[1 9T]POSE TO FRU/RATE BY =EIGN & >TIFICIAL AG5DAS4 ,IT MAYBE BRIEFLY DEF9$ )9 FIVE SECTIONS1.<#a.> & 9 !SE >E ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( ,ECONOMICS4 ,!SE >E3 #a4 ,L&2 #b4 ,LABOR2 #c4 ,CAPITAL2 #d4 ,EX*ANGE2 #e4 ,9SURANCE1 OR ,SECURITY4 ,LET US SEE IF ?IS IS NOT ! NATURAL ORD] & !N1 SUBSEQU5TLY1 IF !Y >E NOT ALL SUFFICI5T TO PRODUCE EQUITY 9 9DU/RIAL ACTIVITIES )\T BREAK+ ) PROGRESS4 ,?AT IS1 ?AT ,L& IS ! S\RCE ( ALL WEAL?1 ! BASIS ( ALL ?AT CON/ITUTES SOCIAL PROGRESS4 ,= )\T ACCESS TO L& LABOR W\LD BE 9OP]ATIVE1 CAPITAL W\LD NOT AMASS1 EX*ANGE W\LD NOT RESULT1 & CIVILIZATION W\LD NOT EXI/1 = PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES FEEL NO NECESSITY = SECURITY4 ,WE MAY !RE=E UNHESITAT+LY POSIT L& AS ! FIR/ CONDITION ( SOCIAL EXI/5CE1 ! S\RCE FROM :I* >ISES CIVILIZATION1 ?AT :I* 9 ITS USE DI/+UI%ES \R SPECIES FROM O!R ANIMALS1 & RAISES US ABOVE !M4 

,?IS GRANT$1 & IT IS 9DISPUTABLE1 ! SECOND CONDITION ( LIFE IS ! UTILIZATION ( L&1 :I* 9VOLVES ! APPLICATION ( ,LABOR4 ,L& BE+ ! S\RCE ( WEAL?1 LABOR MU/ BE ! MEANS ( ITS 9CREASE1 OR ADD+ TO :AT NATURE GRATUIT\SLY SUPPLIES )\T CULTIVATION4 ,LABOR APPLI$ TO ! SOIL BY AUGM5T+ ! NATURAL YIELD ( PRODUCTS 9CREASES ! MEANS ( SUPPORT+ LIFE4 ,IF TO ! PRIMITIVE MAN NATURE YIELDS A LIV+1 TO HIM :O APPLIES LABOR ! SOIL YIELDS AN 9CREAS$ 9COME1 & H5CE DIV]SITY ( WANTS4 ,EXP]I5CE TAU<T MAN TO GA!R SE$ & PLANT = FUTURE SE$4 ,HE REALIZ$ MORE BY ! APPLICATION ( LABOR ?AN ! VIRIG9 .<SIC.> SOIL FURNI%$ UNAID$4 ,AS M5 AGGREGAT$ 9TO TRIBAL ORGANIZATION1 AS ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,TRIBAL ,SELF BR\<T COOP]ATION = DEF5SE & COMPELL$ ! RECOGNITION ( C]TA9 SOCIAL RELATIONS1 ?IS W\LD AUGM5T4 ,! NECESSITY = PROVISION W\LD 9 TIME IMPOSE ITSELF ON ?OSE /RUGGL+ = EXI/5CE :]E ! HABITAT WAS FAVORABLE & NECESSITY URG$4 ,BUT L& & LABOR CONJO9$1 LEAD+ TO L>G] RETURNS1 ALSO YIELDS MORE ?AN MAN'S TEMPOR>Y REQUIREM5TS EXACT4 ,BESIDE :AT PRES5T NE$ REQUIR$1 FUTURE NE$ DEM&$ SE$ = NEW CROPS4 ,?IS SUPPLY SAV$ OV] & ABOVE PRES5T NE$S = REPRODUCTIVE PURPOSES1 CON/ITUT$ - :AT8 

,CAPITAL1 UND\BT$LY4 ,EV]Y SE$ SO SAV$1 EV]Y PRODUCT ( LABOR RETA9$ FROM CONSUMPTION = REPRODUCTIVE USE WAS TAK5 FROM WEAL? HAD = WEAL? APPLI$ TO 9CREASE4 ,EV]Y 9CREASE BE+ WEAL?1 ?AT PORTION US$ TO FUR!R PRODUCTION GIVES US \R ?IRD FACTOR4 ,AS ?IS IS ALSO SELF EVID5T LET US PROCE$ & SEE :AT FOLL[S ! ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL4 

,LABOR APPLI$ TO L& HAV+ ACQUIR$ POSSESSION ( CAPITAL1 & ! SUPPLY = ! APPLICATION ( LABOR BE+ 9EXHAU/IBLE1 PRODUCTION W\LD 9CREASE JU/ SO F> AS DEM& EXI/$4 ,ONLY !N C\LD ,EX*ANGE FOLL[1 :I* AGA9 W\LD /IMULATE PRODUCTION BY GRATIFY+ AS WELL AS CREAT+ NEW WANTS4 ,IF EX]TION APPLI$ TO ! SOIL CAN PRODUCE MORE ?AN IS IMM$IATELY REQUIR$1 IF MAN'S PRODUCTIVE P[] IS GREAT] ?AN HIS CONSUMPTIVE CAPACITY1 IT RESULTS ?AT EX*ANGE HEI<T5S PRODUCTION4 ,?IS ALSO IS SELF EVID5T4 

,) ACCESS TO ! SOIL1 ) ABILITY TO UTILIZE IT1 ) PRODUCT SAV$ = REPRODUCTIVE USE1 & NEW WANTS BR\<T \T ?R\< EX*ANGE1 :AT REMA9S BUT ,9SURANCE AGA9/ DEPR$ATION OR LOSS1 OR ,SECURITY = ! REW>DS ( EX]TION1 ?AT IS1 ! MA9T5ANCE ( EQUITABLE RELATIONS8 ,IS !RE AU<T ELSE1 9 EQUITY1 TO ADD8 ,LET US SEE :AT EQUITY REQUIRES1 :AT ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE DEM&S1 & :]E9 MILITANCY /ILL LURKS TO PREV5T ITS REALIZATION4 

,I,I,I4 ,FREE ,L& 

,VOLUMES HAVE BE5 WRITT5 UPON ! L& QUE/ION & ! 5D IS NOT YET1 = ?AT !RE IS A L& QUE/ION IS N[ 9DUBITABLE4 ,! COMPLAC5T ASSUMPTIONS ( E>LI] ,ECONOMI/S1 :O W]E SIMPLY SATISFI$ ) DEBAT+ H[ MU* ( ! BURD5 ( TAXATION %\LD FALL UPON L&1 AS ! PHYSIOCRATES 9 ,FRANCE2 OR LAT] WRIT]S :OM ,MAL?US' D$UCTIONS CALL$ \T1 :O H>DLY FELT ! NE$ = JU/IFY+ [N]%IP 9 L& AS DI/+UI%$ FROM *ATTELS2 AS WELL AS ! LABOR$ DEF5SE ( MOD]N WRIT]S :O HAVE DILIG5TLY S\<T = REASONS2 - HAVE ALL BE5 CALL$ 9TO QUE/ION4 ,?R\<\T ! :OLE C5TURY1 FROM ,GODW9 _<#a#f_> D[N TO ! CORRESPOND5T ( ! VILLAGE WEEKLY1 FROM ! MAN ( 9TELLECT /RUGGL+ ) LOGICAL PROPOSITIONS TO ! S5TIM5TAL ADMIR] ( NATIONALISM1 VOICES HAVE BE5 RAIS$ AGA9/ L& [N]%IP4 ,BUT !Y W]E SC>CELY HE>D.<1.> SO /RONGLY 5TR5*$ WAS 0! GREAT POLITICAL SUP]/ITION0 - ?AT ! ,/ATE C\LD DO NO WRONG4 ,YET 9 ! HOLD ?IS QUE/ION HAS N[ TAK5 ON PUBLIC ATT5TION1 ! RAPID GR[? ( A CONVICTION ?AT MONOPOLIZATION ( L& IS 9DEF5SIBLE1 ! AWAK5+ ( CONSCI5CE TO CONSID] :E!R HE IS NOT A ?IEF :O DEPRIVES WILL+ H&S FROM IDLE L&1 WE SEE NEW EVID5CE ( ! EV] 9CREAS+ ASS]TION ( ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE TO A HE>+4 ,& H]E AT ! \TSET WE >E BR\<T TO APPLY ! PLUMET TE/ ( PROGRESS1 ! APPLICATION ( ! SOCIOLOGICAL 0LAW ( EQUAL FRE$OM0 TO ! USE ( L&4 ,WE HAVE SE5 FROM \R PREMISES ?AT L& IS AN ESS5TIAL PR]EQUISITE ( SOCIAL GR[?1 ASIDE FROM ! FACT ?AT IT =MS ! SURFACE UPON :I* LIFE CAN ALONE EXI/4 ,! QUE/ION !RE=E BECOMES P]T95T3 ,BY :AT MANN] ( L& T5URE IS SOCIAL PROGRESS BE/ SUBS]V$ & EQUITY SECUR$8 ,EQUITY W\LD SEEM TO GIVE BUT ONE ANSW]1 H[EV] EXP$I5CY TRIMM]S MAY TRY TO OBSCURE IT4 ,NO TITLE DE$ CAN GIVE MORE ?AN POSSESSION1 ! EQUITY REMA9+ UNSETTL$4 ,IF ! QUE/ION BE ASK$ :5CE ! ORIG9AL GRANTOR OBTA9$ ! RI<T TO DISPOSE AT WILL ( ?AT :I* CON/ITUTES ! PRIMAL S\RCE ( WEAL?1 NO ANSW] MORE RATIONAL CAN BE GIV5 ?AN ! RI<T ( CONQUE/4 ,9 O!R WORDS COMPULSORY MI<T HAV+ OBTA9$ POSSESSION BY 5=C$ EJECTM5T OR SUBJUGATION ( ITS =M] 9HABITANTS1 ! LAPSE ( TIME HAS CONV]T$ AN ORIG9AL WRONG 9TO AN ACCEPT$ RI<T1 A PROCESS ( MILITANT REASON+ :I* WILL NOT BE> EXAM9ATION H]E4 

,AGA91 WE >E TOLD ?AT GRANT+ ! ORIG9AL TITLE TO BE DEFECTIVE 9 EQUITY1 /ILL ! FACT ( ! ORIG9AL SPOLIATORS HAV+ BE5 LONG DEAD1 IT W\LD BE EQUALLY 9EQUITABLE TO RESORT TO NEW SPOLIATION UPON 9NOC5T 9H]ITORS4 ,WAIV+ ! PO9T ?AT UND] 0! LAW ( EQUAL FRE$OM0 NO WRIT ( EJECTM5T C\LD BE S]V$ UPON ! OCCUPI] & US]1 ! OBJECTION IS TOO SPECI\S = PROLONG$ 9VE/IGATION1 = IT ASSUMES ?AT AN 9DEF9ITE LAPSE ( TIME CAN CONDONE A DEF9ITE WRONG2 ?AT ! RECEIV] ( /OL5 GOODS IS JU/IFI$ 9 RETA9+ ILL-GOTT5 POSSESSION2 ?AT POSSESSION ONCE ACQUIR$ GIVES EQUITABLE W>RANT TO D5Y USE TO L&1 A CLAIM 9 :I* TIME IS NO FACTOR2 A D5IAL ( ! EQUAL RI<T ( ! LIV+ BECAUSE ! DEAD HAVE O!RWISE DISPOS$ ( ! SOIL2 ! CLAIM ?AT P]SONAL [N]%IP MAY EXI/ :]E NO LABOR HAS BE5 EXP5D$2 ?AT >TIFICIALLY CREAT$ PRIVILEGE IS ( GREAT] =CE ?AN NATURAL NECESSITIES2 ?AT ONE G5]ATION MAY DET]M9E UPON :AT T]MS A SUCCE$+ ONE MAY EXI/2 ?AT NATURAL RES\RCES MAY BE MONOPOLIZ$ = ! PURPOSE ( EXACTION2 ?AT EQUITY IS A CREATURE ( & SUBS]VI5T TO CU/OM2 F9ALLY1 IT JU/IFIES HUMAN SLAV]Y :]EV] IT MAY EXI/4 

,?AT NO G5]ATION HAS ! RI<T TO DEPRIVE ! UNBORN ( EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES 7NOT RAIS+ ! QUE/ION ?AT AN EV]-*ANG+ G5]ATION IS NOT A DET]M9ABLE QUANTITY71 RESOLVES ITSELF 9 F9AL ANALYSIS ?AT NO ONE HAS A RI<T TO DO SO2 & :AT NO ONE POSSESSES ONLY METAPHYSICAL REASON+ CAN F9D 9 TWO OR MORE2 A PROPOSITION :I* IS COMM5D$ TO \R S+LE TAX ADJU/]S ( O!R PEOPLE'S NE$S4 ,?AT MAN'S RI<T TO UTILIZE ! S\RCE ( EXI/5CE IS A COMMON ONE1 CAN ONLY BE D5I$ BY ?OSE :O HOLD TO ! METAPHYSICAL PHILOSOPHY ( ! LA/ C5TURY ?AT RI<TS >E NATURAL & CONF]R$2 BUT ?IS 9VOLVES A CONFUSION 9 T]MS BETWE5 COMMON & SPECIAL RI<TS1 ! LATT] BE+ PRIVILEGES1 ! OPPOSITE ( :I* >E DUTIES2 :ILE RI<TS SAID TO BE 9H]5T & 9ALI5ABLE IS .<SIC.> BUT ! ASS]TION ( 0! LAW ( EQUAL FRE$OM0 & !IR OPPOSITE NECESS>ILY >E PRIVILEGES4 ,CONSEQU5TLY 0RI<TS0 >E EVOLV$1 NOT 9/ITUT$1 & ! ASS]TION ( RI<TS IS NEGATIVE RA!R ?AN POSITIVE 9 *>ACT]1 BE+ A PROTE/ AGA9/ 9EQUITABLE RELATIONS4 ,?US A 0RI<T TO ! SOIL0 IS BUT ! EQUAL FRE$OM ( ALL TO UTILIZE ! MEANS ( LIFE ITSELF 9VOLV+ NO 0DUTIES0 BUT PROTE/+ AGA9/ PRIVILEGES1 AN ASS]TION ?AT AT ONCE D5IES 5CROA*M5T BY ANY COMB9ATION ( P]SONS DEAD OR LIV+1 & AFFIRMS IT AS A CONDITION ( EXI/5CE ( :I* ! D5IAL IS TANTAM\NT TO 5SLAVEM5T4 ,L& [N]%IP !RE=E 9VOLVES A PREEMPTION LI5 UPON ! LABOR ( O!RS1 & LOGICALLY GLOSSES POV]TY 9TO A PREORDA9$ CONDITION1 MAK+ NATURE A /EW>D = ! PRIVILEG$4 ,?AT LABOR EXI/S = L& RA!R ?AN L& = LABOR2 ?AT CU/OM1 ACCID5T1 OR GRE$ IS ( SUP]IOR VALIDITY TO NATURAL REQUIREM5TS ( EXI/5CE2 ?AT ! FUNCTIONS ( LIFE MAY BE S*$UL$ 9 A LEGISLATIVE 0BILL ( RI<TS0 AS A COMPASS TO ATTA9 LIB]TY2 - >E ALL 9VOLV$ 9 ANY JU/IFICATION ( EI!R 9DIVIDUAL OR COLLECTIVE [N]%IP & CONTROL ( USE ( VACANT L&1 & ?IS IS CONTA9$ 9 \R SY/EM ( L& T5URE4 

,BUT ,ECONOMI/S1 & H[EV] MU* !Y MAY /RIVE TO REJECT ! QUALIFY+ PREFIX1 0POLITICAL01 >E ALMO/ ALWAYS ! SYCOPHANTIC ADULATORS ( ,/ATE AU?ORITY1 HAVE BE5 DRIV5 TO ! JU/IFICATION ( L& [N]%IP ?AT IT ALONE GU>ANTEES ADEQUATE 9C5TIVES TO ! APPLICATION ( LABOR & ! GRATIFICATION ( SOCIAL NE$S4 ,BUT ?IS ALSO ASSUMES TOO MU*2 9 ?AT HE :OM ! TITLE DE$ DECL>ES [N] IS BETT] QUALIFI$ TO DET]M9E SOCIAL NE$S ?AN ONE )\T SU* DE$2 ?AT 9C5TIVE TO EX]TION IS FUR!R$ BY OB/ACLES2 ?AT ! [N] !REBY BECOMES ! NATURAL GU>DIAN ( ! NON-[N]S2 ?AT HIS HEIRS-AT-LAW 9H]IT ?IS PR]OGATIVE2 ?AT >TIFICIAL DI/9CTION.<S.> BORN ( 9VASION ( EQUAL FRE$OM >E NATURAL 5D[M5TS2 ?AT [N]%IP & 9H]ITANCE WORK A SOCIAL AL*EMY 9 *>ACT] NOT ATTA9ABLE BY ! DIS9H]IT$2 ?AT ! MA9 9C5TIVE TO TILL+ ! SOIL IS TO DIVIDE ! PR(ITS ( EX]TION ) ANO!R2 ?AT P]SONAL & FAMILY REQUIREM5TS W\LD BE 9SUFFICI5T BUT = ! B5IGNANT 9FLU5CE ( R5T2 ?AT SOCIAL RELATIONS UND] EQUALITY ( OPPORTUNITIES W\LD T5D TO SAVAG]Y2 .<SIC.> ?AT EQUITY IS NEV] 0PRACTICAL0 TILL IT HAS RECEIV$ ! SANCTIFY+ BLESS+ ( 9EQUITY2 ?AT BETWE5 ! SOCIAL EFFICACY ( ,R5T & ! SAV+ GRACE ( ,JESUS ,*RI/ ! :EELS ( 9DU/RY >E KEPT FREE FROM RU/ & SOCIAL BLESS+S RESULT H]E = ! LEGALLY ELECT & ET]NAL HAPP9ESS H]EAFT] TO ! DRUDGES EMPLOY$4 

,BUT IF 9DIVIDUALS HAVE NO RI<T1 9 EQUITY1 TO USURP CONTROL OV] L& O!R ?AN LIES 9 USE1 HAS SOCIETY SU* RI<T8 ,SU* IS ! ASSUMPTION ( ! TWILI<T RE=M]S ( ! LEFT W+ ( ! AU?ORIT>IAN >MY :O M>%AL UND] ! BORR[$ /&>D ( ,GEORGE1 OR >E LOOK+ BACKW>D TO ,SP>TA & ,P]U ) ,BELLAMY4 _<#a#g_> ,BUT ?IS ALSO ASSUMES TOO MU*4 ,IT ASSUMES ?AT BEYOND EQUAL RI<TS !RE >E SOCIAL RI<TS2 ?AT OV] & ABOVE ! EQUAL FRE$OM ( 9DIVIDUALS !RE IS A DESIR$ MY?ICAL LIB]TY ( ! COLLECTIVITY TO SECURE2 ?AT ! AGGREGATION ( 9DIVIDUAL P]SONALITIES CON/ITUT+ SOCIETY HAS A LIFE ( ITSELF1 ?US 9VOLV+ ! PO/ULATE ( MILITANCY - ?AT MAN EXI/S = ! ,/ATE2 ?AT 9 SOCIAL LIFE ! :OLE IS GREAT] ?AN ! SUM ( ITS P>TS2 ?AT RI<TS 9CREASE 9 SOME METAPHYSICAL MANN] & BECOME 9C>NATE 9 HALF ! :OLE PLUS ONE2 ?AT 9DU/RIAL 5DS >E BE/ S]V$ BY COMPULSORY 0DIRECTION20 ?AT P[] POSSESS$ BY NO UNIT BECOMES REGNANT :]E ?REE OR MORE ACCID5TALLY MEET TO CULTIVATE L&2 ?AT ROBB]Y 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL CASE BECOMES A SOCIAL VIRTUE :5 COMMITT$ BY TWO UPON ONE2 ?AT L& [N]%IP BE+ A MORAL CRIME 9 0! GREAT GR&SON ( ,CAPTA9 ,KIDD0 _<#a#h_> BECOMES A COLLECTIVE BLESS+ :5 SANCTIFI$ BY TAXATION2 ?AT MAN'S CAPACITY TO 9TELLIG5TLY COOP]ATE ) HIS FELL[S IS LIMIT$1 BUT ! CAPACITY TO ADJU/ DIFF]5CES & REGULATE EQUITY BY HALF ! CR[D PLUS ONE IS UNLIMIT$1 & ?AT COLLECTIVE EQUITY IS ?US OBTA9ABLE2 ?AT ECONOMIC R5T IS A NATURAL FACTOR & NOT ! CREATURE ( >TIFICIAL CONDITIONS2 ?AT COLLECTIVE [N]%IP C>RIES ) IT ABILITY TO USE 9DEP5D5T ( MONOPOLY OV] EX*ANGE4 ,\R EQUAL RI<T TO NATURAL RES\RCES CAN NO MORE BE CURTAIL$ BY A G5]ATION LIV+ ?AN BY ONE DEAD4 ,IT IS NEI!R ! FACT ?AT ( BE+ LIV+ NOR DEAD ?AT DECIDES ! CLAIM AN USURPATION1 BUT ! FACT ?AT IT IS PRIMA FACIE AN 9VASION ( ! LAW ( EQUAL FRE$OM1 :I* CON/ITUTES ! 9DU/RIAL IDEAL1 BY JU/IFY+ 9T]M$DL+ 9T]F]5CE TO REGULATE IT4 

,! >GUM5T ( ! COLLECTIVI/ IS LOGICALLY ! SAME AS ?AT ( ! OR?ODOX ,ECONOMI/ ?AT 0DIRECTION0 IS NECESS>Y TO CIVILIZATION & COMM]CIAL PROGRESS TO PRES]VE 9C5TIVE & PREV5T IDL5ESS4 ,?US1 9SI/$ UPON BY ALL ,ECONOMI/S1 IS ?US T]SELY PUT BY ,ROS*]3 _<#a#i_> 

0,WE SO FREQU5TLY HE> R5T CALL$ ! RESULT ( ! MONOPOLY ( L&1 & AN UNDES]V$ TRIBUTE PAID BY ! :OLE PEOPLE TO L&[N]S1 ?AT IT IS HI< TIME WE %\LD CALL ATT5TION TO ! COMMON ADVANTAGE IT IS TO ALL4 ,!RE IS EVID5TLY DANG] ?AT1 ) ! RAPID GR[? ( POPULATION1 ! MASS ( MANK9D %\LD YIELD TO ! TEMPTATION ( GRADUALLY CONF9+ !MSELVES TO ! SATISFACTION ( CO>SE1 PALPABLE WANTS2 ?AT ALL REF9$ LEISURE1 :I* MAKES LIFE & ! TR\BLES ?AT ATT5D IT WOR? 5DUR+1 & :I* IS ! 9DISP5SABLE F\NDATION ( ALL P]MAN5T PROGRESS & ALL HI<] ACTIVITY1 %\LD BE GRADUALLY SURR5D]$4 ,H]E R5T CON/ITUTES A SPECIES ( RES]VE FUND1 :I* GR[S GREAT] AS !SE DANG]S IMP5D BY REASON ( ! DECL9E ( WAGES & ( ! PR(ITS ( CAPITAL1 OR 9T]E/4 ,BESIDES1 PRECISELY 9 TIMES :5 R5T IS HI<1 ! SALE & DIVISIBILITY ( L&$ E/ATES ACT AS A B5EFIC5T REACTION AGA9/ ! MONOPOLY ( L&1 :I* IS ALWAYS AK9 TO ! CONDITION ( ?+S CREAT$ BY R5T4 

0,BUT IT IS ( IMMEASURABLY GREAT] IMPORTANCE ?AT HI< R5TS DET] ! PEOPLE FROM ABUS+ ! SOIL 9 AN ANTI-ECONOMIC WAY2 ?AT !Y COMPEL M5 TO SETTLE AB\T ! C5T]S ( COMM]CE1 TO IMPROVE ! MEANS ( TRANSPORTATION1 & UND] C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES TO 5GAGE 9 ! WORK ( COLONIZATION2 :ILE1 O!RWISE1 IDL5ESS W\LD SOON RECONCILE ITSELF TO ! HEAP+ TOGE!R ( L>GE SW>MS ( M54 ,! ANTICIPATION ( R5T MAY R5D] POSSIBLE ! CON/RUCTION ( RAILROADS1 :I* 5ABLE ! L& TO YIELD ?AT V]Y ANTICIPAT$ R5T40 

,LET US BRIEFLY ANALYZE ?IS4 

#a4 ,IT />TS \T LIKE ! PROTECTIONI/S' PLEA = 9FANT 9DU/RIES2 IT D5IES MAN'S CAPACITY = FRE$OM & ) ! ASSUMPTION ?AT O!R M5 MU/ GUIDE !M4 ,AS :5 09FANT0 9DU/RIES MATURE PROTECTION IS /ILL CLAIM$1 SO H]E1 NOT)/&+ PROGRESS1 9FANCY IS /ILL MA9TA9$4 

#b4 ,IT ASSUMES ?AT BECAUSE PROGRESS HAS RESULT$ UND] ON]\S RE/RICTIONS1 !RE=E IT IS BECAUSE ( !SE RE/RICTIONS4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 )\T ! RE/RICTIONS UPON ACTIVITY AGA9/ :I* ALL PROGRESS HAS BE5 A /RUGGLE1 HE W\LD LOSE ALL 9C5TIVE4 

#c4 ,?AT EQUALITY ( OPPORTUNITIES W\LD SUB/ITUTE CO>SE & PALPABLE WANTS ONLY = ! REF9$ LEISURE ( ! FEW ?AT N[ CA/S A REFLECT$ LI<T UPON ! MANY CONDEMN$ BY IT TO 5=C$ POV]TY4 

#d4 ,?AT RECEIV+ R5T MAY T5D TO 0REF9$ LEISURE0 MAY BE CONC$$1 BUT TO ?IS :OLESALE WANT ( FAI? 9 HUMAN NATURE1 ! READ9ESS ) :I* SOCIETY NOT ONLY ADAPTS ITSELF TO GREAT] FRE$OM1 BUT ALSO EXT5DS REF9EM5T1 :]E9 SUPPLY NATURALLY FOLL[S DEM&1 IS AN ALL-SUFFICI5T ANSW]4 ,?IS DI/RU/ HAS EV] BE5 ! TYRANT'S PLEA & ! SLAVEHOLD]'S EXCUSE4 ,IT IS FLATLY CONTRADICT$ BY ! PROGRESS ( ! RACE :I* %[S ?AT EV]Y REMOVAL ( A BURD5 >TIFICIALLY IMPOS$ HAS GIV5 GREAT] ELA/ICITY TO ! SPR+S ( ACTIVITY1 & ROVES ?AT !SE SPR+S LIE 9 HUMAN NATURE & NOT 9 ! ADV5TITI\S PROPS M5 9 !IR IGNORANCE HAVE S\<T4 ,! SAME >GUM5T W\LD JU/IFY FEUDAL T5URE AS WELL4 

#e4 ,?AT GREAT CITIES AS C5T]S ( COMM]CE >E ESS5TIAL TO SOCIAL LIFE IS AN UNPROV$ ASSUMPTION1 & LEADS TO ! 9F]5CE ?AT POV]TY1 0:I* IS ALWAYS AK9 TO ! CONDITION ( ?+S CREAT$ BY R5T10 MU/ BE PRES]V$ TO JU/IFY >TIFICIAL 9C5TIVE4 

,! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 AS ! GOAL ( ALL PROGRESSIVE ADVANCEM5T1 RECOGNIZES NO S\RCE ( COMPULSION1 :E!R 9C>NATE 9 PRIE/1 K+1 OR ALLEG$ COLLECTIVITY4 ,9 USE ( L& IT SEES BUT AN ESS5TIAL REQUIREM5T ( EXI/5CE1 & ! ONLY POSSIBLE EQUITABLE ADJU/M5T IS UPON ! LAW ( EQUAL FRE$OM :]E NO TITLE CAN BE CONSID]$ VALID SAVE ?AT ( OCCUPANCY & SUE4 ,! QUANTITY ( L& IS NOT YET RE/RICT$ NOR CAN WE AV] ?AT IT EV] WILL BE4 ,! 5TIRE POPULATION ( ! GLOBE C\LD LIVE WELL 9 ,EUROPE ) F> LESS D5SITY ?AN N[ PREVAILS 9 SOME ( ITS LOCALITIES4 

,) OCCUPANCY & USE ! SOLE T5URE EV]Y SQU>E ROD ( UNUS$ L& CAPABLE ( USE1 W\LD BE ?R[N OP5 ON EQUAL T]MS1 & ! MU* VAUNT$ 0LAW ( NATURAL R5T0 BE QUICKLY SE5 NOT TO HAVE ! SUB/ANCE ( 0BASELESS FABRIC ( A DREAM40 _<#b_> ,! 0NATURAL PRODUCTIV5ESS ( BE/ SOIL10 :I* SO AL>MS \R TWILI<T ADJU/]S ( SOCIAL RELATIONS AS NE$+ A COLLECTIVE CURB1 NEV] REMA9S ! SAME AFT] USE BEG9S4 ,ITS YIELD DET]M9ES NO 0NATURAL R5T10 = ! CLAIM IGNORES ! VALUE ( LABOR1 EXP]I5CE1 MANURES1 ETC41 TO1 AT FIR/ APPE>ANCE1 LESS 9VIT+ L&4 ,! QUE/ION ( :AT W\LD CON/ITUTE 0USE0 W\LD NOT CAUSE HALF ! DIFFICULTY IT N[ DOES TO 9V5TORS ( READY-MADE OBJECTIONS1 = AS COOP]ATION C\LD ALWAYS GU>ANTEE SECURITY1 :AT W\LD BE REG>D$ AS USE W\LD QUICKLY SETTLE ITSELF4 

,!RE=E1 WE CONCLUDE ?AT AN ESS5TIAL REQUIREM5T ( ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE ( SOCIETY IS FREE L&2 ?AT IS1 FRE$OM ( ACCESS TO UTILIZE UNUS$ L&1 & ?AT ITS FRU/RATION 9 :ATEV] =M CLO!D IS BORN ( ! MILITANT REGIME1 REACTION>Y1 & DETRIM5TAL TO PROGRESS & ORD]4 

,I,V4 ,FREE ,LABOR 

,IF L& W]E FREE IT BY NO MEANS FOLL[S ?AT LABOR MU/ NE$S BE SO LIKEWISE4 ,! RE/RICTIONS UPON ! EX]CISE ( \R ACTIVITIES DOES NOT SOLELY DEP5D UPON ! MONOPOLIZATION ( ! SOIL2 H[EV] ON]\S MAY BE ! TOLL R5T1 ITS ABOLITION W\LD NOT EMANCIPATE LABOR4 ,?AT LABOR %\LD BE FREE IS 0A GLITT]+ G5]ALITY0 EV]Y:]E ACKN[L$G$1 ?\< :Y IT IS NOT IS ! CAUSE ( MU* DISCUSSION4 ,?AT FREE ACCESS TO ALL VACANT L& W\LD OP5 MULTIF>I\S *ANNELS = LABOR IS A SELF EVID5T PROPOSITION1 BUT SU* CANNOT BE SAID ( ITS ABILITY TO USE SU* OPPORTUNITY4 ,IT IS E/IMAT$ ?AT ONE HALF ( ! >EA ( ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY S HELD UNUS$1 KEPT VACANT = A SPECULATIVE 9CREASE 9 PRICE1 & AS AN 9EVITABLE RESULT IT IS A CITY ( CONTRA/$ SPL5DOR & SQUALOR1 LUXURI\S PALACES & FIL?-REEK+ T5EM5T BLOCKS1 :]E WEAL?1 O/5TATION1 & DISSIPATION BUT SET (F 9 D>K] RELIEF ITS ACCOMPANY+ %ADE ( VISE1 CRIME1 & MIS]Y4 ,?AT ACCESS ( L& W\LD T5D TO EMPTY ! T5EM5T H\SES ( ! AMBITI\S & R$UCE R5TS = ?OSE REMA9+2 ?AT IT W\LD CAUSE ! UTILIZATION ( ! VACANT SPACE = CLEAN] & MORE HEAL?FUL DWELL+S NE$ NOT BE QUE/ION$4 ,EV5 ?OSE DE/ITUTE ( ALL AVAILABLE MEANS W\LD BE B5EFIT$ 9 ! L[]+ ( R5TS & 9 ! G5]AL DESIRE TO SECURE T5ANTS1 :I* W\LD ALIKE >ISE 9 POSSESSORS ( ! NEW & ! OLD BUILD+S4 ,AGA91 ITS IMM$IATE EFFECT UPON WAGES W\LD BE FELT1 = ) SU* OPPORTUNITIES OP5+ BE=E HIM ! WANTS ( ! TOIL] W\LD EXP&1 & 9CREAS$ WAGES EV] FOLL[ A HI<] /&>D ( LIV+4 ,! /&>D ( WAGES IS NOT ! L[E/ SUBSI/5CE L9E1 SOCIALI/IC D$UCTIONS FROM ,RIC>DO'S SOPHISM TO ! CONTR>Y NOT)/&+1 BUT ! /&>D ( COM=T & DEC5CY1 _<#b#a_> & ?IS IS NEV] DET]M9$ BY ! POORE/ PAID LABOR1 BUT BY ! /RUGGLES ( ! BETT] PAID :OSE /&>D ( COM=T & DEC5CY IS HI<] AS !IR WANTS >E MORE NUM]\S1 & :O BY !IR COMB9ATIONS & /RUGGLES DRAG UP ! 9]T MASS TO A HI<] LEVEL ?AN !Y W\LD UNAID$ ATTA94 

,BUT 9 ?IS TRANSITIONAL 9DU/RIAL AGE ! FRE$OM ( LABOR DEM&S O!R REQUIREM5TS ?AN POSSESSION ( SOIL4 ,JOHN ,BRI<T ONCE SAID3 _<#b#b_> 

0,9 ! ,CITY ( ,GLASG[ #d#a1 FAMILIES \T ( #a1 FAMILIES LIVE 9 H\SES HAV+ ONLY ONE ROOM4 ,9 ,SCOTL& NE>LY ONE-?IRD ( ! :OLE PEOPLE DWELL 9 H\SES ( ONLY ONE ROOM40 

,?AT !SE FAMILIES W\LD REAP 9 MANY CASES DIRECT B5EFIT1 & 9 EV]Y CASE 9DIRECT ADVANTAGE FROM FREE ACCESS TO VACANT L& IS CONC$$1 BUT :AT PROPORTION W\LD *OOSE TO AVAIL !MSELVES ( ! OPPORTUNITY IS UNKN[N4 ,OCCUPANCY & USE >E NOT ! SAME1 TO MOVE ON & OCCUPY IS SIMPLE1 TO USE OPPORTUNITY GRANT$ IS (T5 MORE DIFFICULT4 ,EV5 ?\< ALL L& )9 ! VIC9ITY ( !IR DAILY AVOCATIONS WAS NOT UTILIZ$1 ! ABILITY TO TURN F>M] OR TO BUILD W\LD NOT BE OP]ATIVE TO A L>GE NUMB]4 ,H[ MANY >TISANS (F]$ A PLOT ( GR\ND = IMM$IATE USE C\LD AVAIL !MSELVES ( ! OPPORTUNITY8 ,AT *EAP] R5TS !Y W\LD CONT9UE ON AT ! R\T9E WORK :I* !IR LIVES HAVE BE5 DEVOT$ TO ACQUIRE4 ,! ?RIFTY & 5T]PRIS+ ALONE W\LD PU% (F TO AVAIL !MSELVES ( NEW OPPORTUNITIES1 BUT ! ?RIFTLESS1 ! SPIRITLESS1 ?OSE 9 :OM ! SPR+S ( ACTIVITY HAVE BE5 DE/ROY$ BY ! DRUDG]Y ( FACTORY LIFE W\LD CL+ >\ND ! FACTORY WALLS4 ,TO ?\S&S POSSESS+ EV5 NATURAL ABILITIES ! MEANS TO USE OPPORTUNITY W\LD BE LACK+1 !RE W\LD /ILL HOV] OV] !M SOME IMPALPABLE OB/ACLE TO COMPLETE EMANCIPATION1 9ABILITY TO SECURE ! MEANS = BUILD+1 OR 9CAPACITY1 = OPPORTUNITY DOES NOT ALWAYS WORK A *ANGE FROM 9JUDICI\SNESS TO ABILITY2 OR EV5 :5 9CREAS$ E>N+S AF=D$ MEANS !IR )DRAWAL W\LD BUT /ILL FUR!R 9T5SIFY ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! =TUNATE & ! UN=TUNATE1 BETWE5 ! 9DEP5D5T L& OCCUPI] & ! DEP5D5T FACTORY DRUDGE4 

,IT IS FOLLY TO IMAG9E ALL TOIL]S LEAV+ ! MILL TO BECOME 9DEP5D5T ON AN ACRE MORE OR LESS ( L&4 ,! DEM& = PRODUCTS W\LD BE AUGM5T$ BY 9CREAS$ WANTS1 & ?IS 9 TURN W\LD T5D TO HEI<T5 WAGES1 BUT ! FACTORY SY/EM W\LD REMA9 ESS5TIALLY ! SAME1 H\RS ( LABOR W\LD NOT NECESS>ILY BE %ORT5$1 ! WAGE-SY/EM W\LD /ILL DOM9ATE TO CURB ! SPIRIT ( ! TOIL] UNTIL 9 TIME HE MU/ EI!R SUBMIT OR EMIGRATE4 ,AS A F>M] HE W\LD BE A FAILURE4 ,GRANT+ ALL ?AT CAN BE SAID ( ! 9DIRECT B5EFITS ( L[] R5TS & HI<] WAGES1 /ILL LABOR W\LD NOT BE FREE AS LONG AS O!R CAUSES EXI/$ BY :I* ABILITY TO USE DID NOT EQUAL OPPORTUNITY TO POSSESS L&4 ,EV5 ) R5T L>GELY R$UC$1 ! 9CUBUS ( 9T]E/ W\LD /ILL PRESS HEAVILY UPON LABOR 1 = UPON ITS %\LD]S ALL BURD5S >E EV5TUALLY %IFT$2 & 9T]E/1 SO ZEAL\SLY DEF5D$ BY ,H5RY ,GEORGE1 W\LD REMA9 EV5 UND] ! FRE$OM ( L& 0LIMIT$0 ( HIS S*OOL4 ,FOLL[+ 9T]E/ !RE IS ITS SEQU5CE - PR(ITS LEFT UNDI/URB$4 ,IF ! /&>D ( COM=T G5]ALLY RECOGNIZ$ AS NECESS>Y & DEC5T = POOR WORK]S DET]M9ES ! PO9T BEL[ :I* WAGES WILL NOT FALL1 ! HI<] /&>D ( COM=T REQUIR$ = 0WAGES = SUP]9T5D5CE0 & ! PR(IT MONG].<S.> 9 B\LEV>D MANSIONS WILL /ILL PREV5T WAGES = DRUDG]Y FROM REAP+ AU<T AT ! EXP5SE ( PR(ITS4 ,!N TAXATION REMA9S TO DEF5D ! CLAIMS ( PRIVILEGE1 TO SECURE UNDI/URB$ ! /&>D ( COM=T ( PR(IT MONG]S & PROTECT ! SPECULATIVE VALUE ( PROP]TY CREAT$ BUT NOT [N$ BY ! DRUDGES4 ,EV5 IF TAXATION W]E ( ! S+LE-TAX SPECIES1 :]E 9CREAS+ SOCIAL DESIRE = 0PUBLIC BA?S1 MUSEUMS1 G>D5S1 LECTURE ROOMS1 MUSIC & DANC+ HALLS1 !AT]S1 UNIV]SITIES1 TE*NICAL S*OOLS1 %OOT+ GALL]IES1 PLAY GR\NDS1 GYMNASIUMS1 ETC40 TO SAY NO?+ ( 0ROADS L9$ ) FRUIT TREES01 & ! 0?\S& WAYS0 PUBLIC 5DS C\LD BE SUBS]V$ BY 0DIRECTION01 IT W\LD 9CREASE APPRAISEM5T & C]TA9LY W\LD NOT LESS5 ! SUPPLY ! PUBLIC C[ C\LD BE MILK$ TO YIELD4 _<#b#c_> 

,FREE LABOR WILL NEV] BE ATTA9$ UND] ANY 9/ITUT$ SY/EM :]E9 :AT ,GEORGE CALLS 0DIRECTION0 GUIDES & ADM9I/]S = IT2 NEI!R CAN IT POSSIBLY RESULT UND] ,NATIONALISM :]E9 COMPULSORY 5LI/M5T IS RELI$ UPON TO SECURE SUPPLY = DEM& TO CLEAN SEW]S & DOME/IC S]VICE1 SUBJECT TO DRAFT :5 ?IS PROVES UNAVAIL+4 ,LABOR FREE TO USE FREE L& CAN ONLY RESULT :5 ALL RE/RICTIONS UPON 9DU/RIAL ACTIVITY %ALL HAVE BE5 SWEPT AWAY1 :5 IT CAN OBTA9 FULL REW>D = EX]TION )\T MEET+ 5=C$ TOLL FROM ANY O!R S\RCE :ATEV]1 :]E WAGES = TOIL+ = ANO!R EQUAL WAGES 9 WORK+ = SELF4 ,DE/ROY+ ONE HEAD ( ! ,C]B]US ,PRIVILEGE1 _<#b#d_> :I* CON/ITUTES \R PRES5T 9DU/RIAL SY/EM1 GIVES NO SECURITY ?AT ! REMA9+ M\?S ( ! ONCE TRIPLE-HEAD$ BEA/ WILL NOT CONSUME AS MU* AS EV]1 & BITE AS H>D & DEV\R AS WELL AS BE=E4 

,IT IS ?IS ABILITY ?AT LABOR REQUIRES1 ) LESS EMANCIPATION WILL NOT BE FULFILL$4 ,LET US LOOK F>!R & SEE SOME ( ! RE/RICTIONS :I* W\LD /ILL REMA9 TO REMOVE BE=E LABOR W\LD BE 9DE$ FREE & BE ABLE TO APPLY ITSELF UNTRAMMEL$ TO PRODUCTION4 

,V4 ,FREE ,CAPITAL 

,IMAG9ATIVE SKET*ES ( M5 SUDD5LY ?R[N UPON AN ISL& :]E PRODUCTION HAS TO BE />T$ ANEW1 :]E COOP]ATION IS =C$ UPON !M BY ! SELF EVID5T FACT ?AT NO ONE POSSESSES GREAT] RI<T ?AN HIS FELL[1 CAN NOT BE APPLI$ TO EXI/+ SOCIETY :]E DIFF]5CES HAVE >IS5 & BECOME E/ABLI%$ AS 0RI<TS0 TO BE ACKN[L$G$4 ,SU* ILLU/RATIONS1 H[EV]1 %[ ?AT 9 ! ABS5CE ( ALL >TIFICIAL PRIVILEGE VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION BECOMES A SOCIAL NECESSITY & IS FULLY ADEQUATE = ALL DEM&S2 & :I* 9 ! ABOLITION ( PRIVILEGE H]E & N[ W\LD BE EQUALLY AS OP]ATIVE & AS IMP]ATIVE A NECESSITY AS 9 ! ISL& ILLU/RATION4 ,! SPECI\S >GUM5T ?AT ON SU* AN ISL& IF ONE MAN SAID3 0,GIVE ME ! L& & Y\ MAY HAVE ! CAPITAL10 NE$ NOT DET] US1 = IT IS A GRATUIT\S ASSUMPTION ?AT A COMMUNITY BEG9N+ ) EQUAL RI<TS & FEEL+ ! URG5T NE$ ( COOP]ATION W\LD ?US COMMIT SOCIAL %IPWRECK4 ,NOR IS IT TRUE ?AT \T (1 = 9/ANCE1 ONE HUNDR$ P]SONS1 ! N9ETY-N9E ) ! CAPITAL W\LD VOLUNT>ILY BECOME ! T5ANTS ( ! ONE )\T ADEQUATE OBJECT1 NOR ?AT ! IMPOSSIBLE CLAIM C\LD BE 5=C$4 ,NECESSITY W\LD PROVE ! HI<] LAW4 

,WE HAVE E/ABLI%$ ! IMPORTANCE ( FREE L& AS \R FIR/ CONDITION4 ,WE HAVE ALSO SE5 ?AT L& & LABOR CONJO9$ LEADS TO ! PRODUCTION ( CAPITAL4 ,! 9DU/RIAL TYPE DEM&+ EQUITABLE RELATIONS 9 ! REALIZATION ( ITS IDEAL1 NO PRIVILEGE CAN BE >TIFICIALLY BE/[$ UPON CAPITAL BY :I* HE :O HAS IT CAN COMM& AN ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE OV] HIM :O LACKS IT4 ,TRUE1 HE :O HAS IT MAY KEEP IT = HIS [N 5DS1 AS HE MAY ! WAT] 9 HIS WELL FROM ?IR/Y APPLICANTS1 BUT 9 NEI!R CASE C\LD HE D]IVE ANY ADVANTAGE4 ,9 PREV5T+ 9CREASE ( WEAL? HE W\LD BE BUT ROBB+ HIMSELF PRIM>ILY4 ,L& & LABOR GIV+ RISE TO CAPITAL1 UND] EQUITABLE CONDITIONS )\T *>T]$ PRIVILEGES1 ITS POSSESSION C\LD 5TAIL NO EXPLOITATION4 

,CAPITAL BE+ AN IMP]ATIVE NE$1 & L& & MUSCLE BE+ FREE TO COMB9E1 :Y %\LD NOT COOP]ATION BR+ SUPPLY AS WELL AS ! DEM& = 9SURANCE PRODUCES ITS SUPPLY8 ,:Y IS GOV]NM5T NECESS>Y 9 ! ONE CASE & UNNECESS>Y 9 ! O!R8 ,>E ! REQUISITE CONDITIONS MORE DIFFICULT 9 ! =M] ?AN 9 ! LATT]8 ,9 ANY COMMUNITY1 :E!R A GR\P ( ONE 9DU/RY OR ( MIX$ OCCUPATIONS1 MUTUALITY ( 9T]E/S W\LD LEAD TO MUTUAL >RANGEM5TS BY :I* CAPITAL C\LD NOT ONLY BE UTILIZ$ BUT OBTA9ABLE4 ,BUT H[8 ,W\LD IT BE CONTRIBUT$ TO A COMMON /OCK = COMMON NE$S8 ,BY NO MEANS2 ?AT W\LD NOT ONLY WEAK5 9DIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY1 DE/ROY 9C5TIVE BY MAK+ NE$S RA!R ?AN DE$S ! CONDITION ( LIFE & NECESS>ILY LEAV+ EA* TO DET]M9E HIS [N NE$S1 ?US T5D+ TO ! 5C\RAGEM5T ( M$IOCRITY1 VIOLAT+ ! LAW ( PROGRESS BY SEEK+ SIMIL>ITY OR SIMPLICITY ( /RUCTURE TO GREAT] DIFF]5TIATION ( P>TS & FUNCTIONS1 _<#b#e_> BUT IT IS AS USELESS A CONTRIVANCE AS IT IS DETRIM5TAL4 ,MORE1 IT CONTA9S1 IF 9/ITUT$1 ! FATAL VIRUS ( ! MILITANT TYPE1 ! ORGANIZATION ( A SY/EM TO FOLL[ RULES TO :I* DEVELOPM5T MU/ CON=M4 ,UND] COMMUNI/IC DI/RIBUTION ! SURVIVAL ( ! UNFITTE/ BECOMES A REGULATIVE RA!R ?AN VOLUNT>Y CONSID]ATION & PLA/ICITY IS *ANG$ TO RIGIDITY4 ,F> BETT] = SU* UN=TUNATE BE+S W\LD IT BE TO BE LEFT TO ! BETT] PROMPT+S ( NATURE = :OM EQUALITY ( OPPORTUNITY SECUR$ MORE ?AN NE$S REQUIR$4 ,C5TRALIZATION1 :E!R DESPOTIC AS ?AT ( ! CZ>1 DIFFUS$ AS UND] REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5T1 ! C5TRAL DIRECTION ( TWILI<T-RE=M]S1 OR ! S5TIM5TAL REGULATIONS ( COMMUNI/IC SY/EM BUILD]S1 >E ALL ALIKE TA9T$ ) MILITANCY & DO NOT CON=M TO ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE4 0,DIRECTION0 LIES NOT 9 ! PA? :I!R 9DU/RIAL EVOLUTION T5DS4 ,9 ! LANGUAGE ( ,H]B]T ,SP5C]3 

0,) ! RELATIVE N>R[ RANGE ( PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS1 !RE GOES1 9 ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE1 A RELATIVE WIDE RANGE ( PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! SPH]ES LEFT VACANT BY ! ONE >E FILL$ BY ! O!R40 _<#b#f_> 

,LIB]TY1 !RE=E1 LEAVES FULL SCOPE TO ALL G5]\S HE>T$ P]SONS TO MITIGATE SUFF]+ F> MORE EFFECTUALLY ?AN REGULAT+ 9T]F]5CE C\LD EV] ACCOMPLI%4 ,H[ PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS WILL SECURE FULL SUPPLY ( CAPITAL WE WILL SEE %ORTLY4 

,ACTIVITY APPLI$ IS EV] P]SONAL1 9DIVIDUAL2 MUSCLES MAY COOP]ATE & FRE$OM W\LD SUGGE/ A 0?\S& WAYS10 NOT = REV5UE EXP5DITURES1 H[EV]1 BUT 9 :I* COOP]ATION W\LD BE ( 9CALCULABLE .<SIC.> GREAT] B5EFIT ?AN P>CELLAIRE LABOR2_<#b#g_> BUT COMMON MUSCLES HAVE NOT YET BE5 EVOLV$ :ATEV] CLAIMS MAY BE MADE = PRODUCTS MUSCLES CREATE4 ,EQUITY DEM&S ?AT :ATEV] ONE PRODUCES IS PRIVATE PROP]TY1 AS P]TA9+ TO :AT IS PROP] TO HIM4 ,:]E TWO OR A ?\S& COOP]ATE 9 ! PRODUCTION ( WEAL?1 NOT ONLY WEAL? AS HAD = CONSUMPTION & DI/RIBUTION1 BUT ?AT PORTION RES]V$ = USE1 OR CAPITAL1 %\LD BE EQUALLY !IRS :O PRODUCE IT4 ,FAI? MAY FIRMLY BELIEVE ?AT IT WILL BE 9 ?IS OR ?AT WAY1 BUT :5 ?IS OR ?AT WAY IS 9/ITUT$ DANG] LURKS 9 ! PA?4 ,METAPHYSICAL REASON+ CONC]N+ 0SOCIAL CLAIMS0 BY :I* ! PRODUC]S ( ONE >TICLE >E CONF\ND$ ) ?OSE ( ANO!R1 :I* CLAIMS = %OEMAK]S A SOCIAL CLAIM EI!R UPON ?OSE ( ANO!R FACTORY1 OR UPON ! PRODUCTS ( ! TAILORS' & HATT]S' SKILL1 IS AS UNW>RANT$ AS IT IS ABSURD4 ,I HAVE MY [N 0FAI?0 9 RESULTS1 BUT 9 ! APPLICATION ( FUNDAM5TAL ECONOMIC PR9CIPLES !RE IS NO PLACE = !IR PRES5TATION4 ,:5 CONTRACT AS ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE ( SOCIAL RELATIONS IS RECOGNIZ$ AS APPLY+ TO ! PRODUCT - CAPITAL1 ! DI/RIBUTION TO EA* ( ! RESPECTIVE %>E DUE IS A QUE/ION ( DETAIL :I* WILL EASILY REGULATE ITSELF )\T AU?ORIT>IAN DIRECTION4 ,IT IS NO MORE DIFFICULT = P]SONS TO AGREE TO COOP]ATE TO PRODUCE ?AN IT IS TO AGREE TO A GIV5 DI/RIBUTION ( ! RESULTS ( !IR 9DU/RY4 ,SOCIAL B5EFIT1 ?AT IS1 9CREAS$ P]SONAL REW>D = EA*1 PROMPT+ ! FIR/1 W\LD BE EQUALLY OP]ATIVE 9 ! SECOND4 

,NOR CAN WE SAY ?AT UPON [N]%IP ( L& LIES ! TR\BLE4 ,:5 L& LAY IDLE ALL >\ND US )9 EASY REA* ( HIM :O DESIR$ TO OCCUPY IT1 ! POOR >TISAN :OSE SKILL WAS ! RESULT ( HIS :OLE LIFE'S APPLICATION1 & :I* CON/ITUT$ HIS 5TIRE 9DU/RIAL CAPITAL1 WAS AS EFFECTUALLY DEB>R$ FROM IT TO FOLL[ HIS SPECIAL CALL+ AS TO DAY4 ,IF A PIECE ( GR\ND BE N[ (F]$ TO ANY ONE HUNDR$ %OEMAK]S :O WILL ]ECT A COOP]ATIVE FACTORY UPON IT1 :AT W\LD ! %OEMAK]S FIR/ ASK8 ,EVID5TLY1 ! AM\NT ( MEANS NECESS>Y TO SECURE ! REQUISITE PLANT4 ,EV5 UND] FREE VACANT L& SU* MEANS W\LD NOT LIE )9 ! REA* ( ALL1 = ! POSSESSORS ( CAPITAL1 BY E/ABLI%+ 0BONANZA F>MS10 W\LD BE 5ABL$ TO BO? MONOPOLIZE & USE L& TO F> BETT] ADVANTAGE4 ,! WAGE & FACTORY SY/EM W\LD REMA9 BECAUSE ( SOME?+ IMPALPABLE LY+ BEH9D CAPITAL & 5D[+ IT ) PRIVILEG$ P[]4 ,IT BE+ AN ECONOMIC TRUISM ?AT LABOR CANNOT BECOME FREE :ILE ITS PRODUCT IS >TIFICIALLY MADE ITS MA/]1 ! TRUE SOLUTION ( 9DU/RIAL EMANCIPATION WILL BE F\ND 9 ! LIB]ATION ( CAPITAL1 BY :I* IT BECOMES ! TOOL RA!R ?AN ! MA/] ( \R ACTIVITIES4 ,IS R5T ALWAYS ITS CAUSE8 ,) OPPORTUNITY TO OCCUPY SITE W\LD ! REQUISITE PLANT = COOP]ATIVE 9DU/RY ON A SCALE SUFFICI5TLY L>GE TO COMPETE AT PRODUCTION BE AS EASILY )9 ! REA* ( LABOR8 ,YET ! EMANCIPATION ( LABOR 9CLUDES ?IS1 NOR IS ITS REALIZATION AN UTOPIAN DREAM2 = TO ASS]T ! CONTR>Y IS TO D5Y PROGRESS1 TO MA9TA9 ?AT ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE IS A *IM]A1 ?AT MILITANCY IS ! TRUE SOCIAL ORD]1 ?AT EV]Y /EP :I* ! WORLD DEEMS A PROGRESSIVE ADVANCE HAS BE5 REACTION>Y4 ,LOGICALLY C>RI$ \T IT L&S US 9 ! MO/ EXTREME ULTRAMONTANISM & POLITICAL ,CAES>ISM4 ,BETWE5 !SE & ! FULLE/ APPLICATION ( ! LAW ( EQUAL FRE$OM1 !RE IS NO LOGICAL HALT+ GR\ND4 

,ONCE GRANT ! PO/ULATE ?AT EQUITY DEM&S = ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE ( SOCIAL LIFE NOT ONLY FREE L& BUT FREE LABOR1 & Y\ WILL HAVE TO ADMIT ?AT :ATEV] RESULTS FROM ! APPLICATION ( LABOR P]TA9S TO ! REW>D ( LABOR4 ,IF IT BE SAID ?AT ! 9T]E/S ( ! :OLE BODY REQUIRE ?AT !RE %ALL BE C]TA9 9EQUITABLE CONDITIONS GOV]N+ DI/RIBUTION1 OR 9 O!R WORDS ?AT ! ME?ODS ( 9DU/RIAL ACTIVITIES MU/ BE >TIFICIALLY REGULAT$1 ?AT ! REQUIREM5TS ( ALL >E MORE EASILY MET BY 5D[+ CAPITAL ) LEGAL PRIVILEGE TO EXPLOIT LABOR 9 ORD] TO 9CREASE1 IT MAY BE SAID 9 REPLY ?AT ! ASSUMPTION IS NOT ONLY AN UNPROV5 ONE1 BUT ?AT IT DIRECTLY TRAV]SES ! F\NDATION PR9CIPLE ( ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE - ! LAW ( EQUAL FRE$OM4 ,?AT BUT = ! DRIV+ :IP ( PR(ITS1 ?AT UND] ! =M ( VOLUNT>Y CONTRACT 9 :I* FREE COMPETITION BR\<T CO/ AS ! MEAN ( PRICE1 9C5TIVE W\LD BE WANT+1 IS AS UNW>RANT$ 9 LOGICAL D$UCTION AS IT IS 9 HI/ORICAL EVOLUTION4 ,CAPITAL IS 9DE$ ! TRUE ,SAVIOR ( MAN1 BUT ITS SAV+ GRACE IS NOT HI<T5$ .<SIC.> BY RE/RICTIVE BONDS2 AS A SPR+ TO PRODUCTION IT DOES NOT DEP5D UPON ! GRATIFICATION ( MAN'S L[] PROP5SITIES2 & WE MAY WELL CONCEIVE A WORLD 9 :I*1 ?\< %ORN ( SPECIAL PRIVILEGE TO MAKE IT ! MEANS ( ECONOMIC SUBJECTION1 FREE CAPITAL 9 ! H&S ( FREE LABOR W\LD TUNNEL M\NTA9S1 BRIDGE RIV]S1 CONV]T >ID WA/ES 9TO BLOOM+ G>D5S1 AS WELL AS TO ALLEVIATE SORR[ & SUFF]+ 9 SO F> AS LAY 9 ITS P[]1 & GIVE SU* IMPETUS TO HUMAN ?\<T ?AT RELEAS$ FROM ! *A9 & BALL DRAG ( DRUDG]Y1 IT W\LD PLUME ITS W+S = GR&] ACCOMPLI%M5TS TO GRATIFY HI<] ASPIRATIONS & BROAD] S5TIM5TS ?AN 9 ITS PRES5T CRIPPL$ =M MAN HAS EV] CONCEIV$4 ,& H]E WE >E LOGICALLY BR\<T TO ! CONSID]ATION ( EX*ANGE4 

,V,I4 ,FREE ,EX*ANGE 

,WE ALL ACCEPT ! DEF9ITION ( CAPITAL AS BE+ ?AT PORTION RESULT+ FROM ! APPLICATION ( LABOR US$ = REPRODUCTION4 ,BUT IT BECOMES NECESS>Y TO DEF9E MORE CLE>LY 0! RELATIONS BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR0 UND] ! ABS5CE ( PRIVILEGE4 ,IT NE$S NO FUR!R >GUM5T TO %[ ?AT ALL DIFF]5CES 9 !IR RELATIONS HAVE >IS5 FROM UNJU/ PR]OGATIVES ASSUM$ OR USURP$ BY CAPITAL OV] ITS CREATOR1 LABOR1 & ?AT ) ! REMOVAL ( !SE RE/RICTIONS UPON LABOR1 9 O!R WORDS ! D5IAL ( PRIVILEGE TO CAPITAL1 CAPITAL & LABOR W\LD CEASE TO BE ANTAGONI/IC =CES 9 PRODUCTION1 LEAD+ TO POV]TY FROM 9EQUITABLE DI/RIBUTION4 ,?AT1 9 FACT1 CAPITAL BE+ ! RESULT ( PA/ LABOR1 UND] ! FRE$OM TO :I* 9DU/RIALISM ASPIRES1 IS BUT ! TOOL OR 9/RUM5T ( PRES5T LABOR1 9 :I* ITS REAL PRODUCTIV5ESS CONSI/S 9 ! CREATION ( WEAL? 9/EAD ( ITS EXPLOITATION4 ,!RE=E1 9 EQUITABLE ECONOMICS CAPITAL BECOMES ! H&MAID ( LABOR1 FOLL[S & SEEKS AFT] IT1 & EXI/S ONLY AS APPLI$ BY LABOR TO FUR!R PRODUCTION 9 ! EXPLOITATION ( NATURE4 

,UND] ! HEAD+ WE HAVE N[ REA*$ WE WILL SEE MORE CLE>LY ! NATURE ( ! ANTAGONISM1 OR 0/RA9$ RELATIONS01 :I* EVID5TLY DO EXI/ BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR4 ,?AT \R PRES5T F9ANCIAL LEGISLATION IS M>K$ BY 9EQUALITY1 ?AT BY \R LAWS ! RI<T TO ISSUE FREE MONEY1 0EMIT BILLS ( CR$IT01 IS D5I$1 ?AT VOLUNT>Y ORGANIZATION ( MUTUAL CR$IT BY ASSOCIATIVE ACTION TO P]=M ADM9I/RATIVE FUNCTIONS IS PREV5T$ BY ! >TIFICIAL SY/EM N[ 5JOY+ PROTECTION1 TO USE A ,GALLICISM1 GOES )\T SAY+4_<#b#h_> ,! FACT IS BEYOND DISPUTE2 ! REASONS GIV5 = ITS MA9T5ANCE >E TO FACILITATE EX*ANGE & TO GU>ANTEE SECURITY1 & ?AT IT IS F> SUP]IOR TO ! ME?ODS IT HAS SUPPLANT$4 ,FOLL[+ ! APPLICATION ( \R CRUCIAL TE/ WE >E DEB>R$ FROM APPEAL+ TO AU?ORITY TO 9/ITUTE SOME O!R 5=C$ S*EME1 UNLESS LIB]TY PROVES DECEPTIVE & UNAVAIL+2 & ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE RE/S CONFID5TLY UPON ! ASS]TION ( ,J4 ,S4 ,MILL ?AT 0! ONLY UNFAIL+ & P]MAN5T S\RCE ( IMPROVEM5T IS LIB]TY40 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 WE CANNOT ACCEPT ANY ( ! V>I\S PHASES ( GRE5BACKISM1_<#b#i_> :I* NOT ONLY D5Y ! EQUAL RI<T ( ALL M5 TO ! USE ( !IR [N WEAL? TO FACILITATE EX*ANGE1 BUT :I* ALSO RE/S _<#c_> UPON ! ASSUMPTION ?AT PUBLIC WELF>E IS BE/ SUBS]V$ BY >BITR>Y RE/RICTION ( 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY & ?AT F9ANCIAL WISDOM IS ONLY ATTA9ABLE BY A POLL ( G5]AL IGNORANCE2 ?AT SOCIETY LIKE *ILDR5 AT A TABLE1 MU/ HAVE !IR SUPPLY REGULAT$ BY PAT]NALISM1 BUT LACK+ GUIDANCE WE SELECT O!R *ILDR5 TO PLAY PAT] FAMILIAS6 ,! MONEY-L5D] /&S 5TR5*$ BEH9D ! BANK+ PRIVILEGE ) *>T$ RI<TS TO SELL TO NECESSITY ! USE ( CR$IT F\ND$ UPON DEBT6 ,! REM$Y H]E1 AS 9 ?AT O!R MONOPOLY - HUMAN SLAV]Y1 DOES NOT LIE 9 ATTEMPT+ LEGISLATIVE 9JECTION ( MORALITY OR S5TIM5T 9TO AN 9EQUITABLE SY/EM1 BUT 9 ! DEA? ( ! MORIBUND SY/EM ITSELF1 & ?IS NECESS>ILY MU/ PROCE$ ALONG RA!R ?AN CONTR>Y TO ! L9ES ( EVOLUTION4 ,UND] ! P[] ( 9CREASE GIV5 TO MONEY BY ITS MONOPOLY ! BORR[]S IS EV] DEP5D5T UPON & UND] SUBJECTION TO ! L5D]2 ! PRIVILEGE ACCORD$ ON ! ONE SIDE NECESS>ILY C>RIES ) IT A CORRESPOND+ RE/RICTION ON ! O!R TO AVAIL ONE'S SELF ( NATURAL RES\RCES4 ,! CASE IS NOT ONE :]E A GREAT B5EFIT IS OBVI\SLY CONF]R$ :I* C\LD NOT O!RWISE BE OBTA9$1 BUT ONE :]E A MILITANT ME?OD IS SUGGE/$ BY SELFI%NESS & 5=C$ BY D5Y+ SCOPE TO ANY O!R4 ,BY GRANT+ LIB]TY TO CONTRACT MUTUALLY \R MU* VAUNT$ F9ANCIAL SY/EM W\LD DIE ( 9ANITION4 

,NOR CAN IT BE LONG] OBJECT$ ?AT ! GR[+ 9T]RELATIONS ( SOCIAL NE$S HAVE L$ TO A SPECIE BASIS CURR5CY TO FACILITATE EX*ANGE & ?US ESCAPE ! FATAL LIMITATIONS ( DIRECT B>T]1 = ! USE ( CO9 IS B>T]3 IT IS ! 9T]*ANGE ( ONE COMMODITY = ANO!R4 ,TRUE1 IT IS A VA/ IMPROVEM5T1 BUT BY CONF]R+ UPON GOLD & SILV] A LEGAL VALUE IT HAS VIRTUALLY 5HANC$ !IR 9TR9SIC VALUE4 ,& AS ITS LEGAL-T5D] VALUE MAKES IT ALONE AVAILABLE1 OR ITS REPRES5TATIVE1 9 ! PAYM5T ( DEBT1 ! DEAL] 9 ?IS ABSOLUTE NECESSITY = ! PURPOSE ( EX*ANGE IS 5ABL$ TO IMPOSE A TAX UPON CR$IT4 ,FUR!R1 ! MONOPOLY ( ! M$IUM ( EX*ANGE BY GOV]NM5T IS ! P[] TO USE DEBT 9/EAD ( SOLV5CY AS AN 9/RUM5T ( CR$IT TO FACILITATE EX*ANGE1 & ?R\< & BY ?IS MONOPOLY EMP[]$ TO PREV5T EX*ANGES UNTIL PRIVILEG$ EXACTIONS >E FIR/ MET4 ,?AT IS1 = ! BOON = US+ !SE EVID5CES ( DEBT AS A M$IUM ( EX*ANGE 9/EAD ( MY [N SOLV5T CR$IT BAS$ ON BO? P]SONAL *>ACT] & ACQUIR$ WEAL?1 ,I MU/ PAY A BONUS = ! ALLEG$ ACCOMMODATION SO GRACI\SLY CONF]R$6 ,MAK+ IT ?R\< =CE ( SPECIAL PRIVILEGE A M>KETABLE COMMODITY BE=E IT CAN S]VE ME1 & JU/IFY+ IT AS LESS B>B>\S ?AN PA/ MILITANT S*EMES4 ,IT !RE=E FOLL[S ?AN ON ITS M>KET RATE WILL DEP5D ITS QUANTITY1 & H]E ! 9T]E/S ( MONOPOLY EXACT ?AT ITS P] CAPITA DI/RIBUTION %ALL BE LIMIT$ TO ! L[E/ PO9T CONSI/5T ) ! 5ORM\S SUP]/RUCTURE ( SPECULATIVE CR$IT RAIS$ UPON IT1 ?AT CAPITAL MAY TURN OV] ) GREAT] RAPIDITY & 9CREASE ! DESIR$ GA9 FROM ITS USE4 ,YET ?IS ANOMAL\S /ATE ( AFFAIRS IS DEF5D$ BY \R FROM DAY-TO-DAY_<#c#a_> ECONOMI/S UND] PRETEXT ( SU/A9+ 0! /&>D ( VALUE0 :ILE ADMITT+ ?AT VALUE ITSELF IS AN 9DET]M9ABLE FACTOR4 ,A FOOT1 A P\ND1 A GALLON1 A M9UTE1 >E DET]M9ABLE MEASURES BECAUSE !Y POSSESS BO? ! PROP]TY & QUALITY ( :AT !Y MEASURE1 BUT GOLD & SILV] >E NOT1 = BE+ COMMODITIES !MSELVES !Y V>Y 9 9TR9SIC VALUE2 BUT :5 GOLD DOES APPRECIATE 9 VALUE1 AS HAS (T5 BE5 ! CASE1 BE+ ! /&>D ( VALUE = UNLIKE ?+S1 ! DEGREE ( APPRECIATION IS M>K$ 9 A FLUCTUAT+ QUANTITY ( >TICLES ?US MEASUR$4 ,H5CE1 VALUE REMA9S UNC]TA9 & V>IABLE2 TO USE ,S4 ,P4 ,&REWS' PI?Y PHRASE1 IT IS 0UNC]TA9TY ,X FLUCTUATION "7 PRICE40 ,9 ALL AGES ! PRECI\S METALS HAVE BE5 9 GREAT DEM& = PURPOSES ( ORNAM5TATION & LUXURY1 & A L>GE P]C5TAGE ( \R CO9AGE GOES DIRECTLY FROM ! M9T TO ! CRUCIBLE1 ?\< /ILL !ORETICALLY 9 CIRCULATION2 & IT IS ?IS DEM& ?AT IS /ILL CONT9UALLY CONV]T+ CO9 9TO PLATE1 JEWELRY1 ETC41 ?AT 9CREASES ITS VALUE4 ,ITS SPECULATIVE VALUE IS DET]M9$ NOT ONLY BY ?IS DEM&1 BUT BY ! MONOPOLY ( ! REMA9+ P]C5TAGE AS ! BASIS = CR$IT4 ,CO9 IS WEAL? ITSELF1 IT HAS VALUE AS A PRODUCT ( LABOR2 CURR5CY BAS$ UPON IT DEP5DS UPON CONFID5CE 9 ITS R$EEMABILITY4 ,BUT ITS *IEF *>ACT]I/IC IS ?AT IT REPRES5TS WEAL?1 CAN BE CONV]T$ 9TO O!R WEAL?4 ,BUT 9 MAK+ IT & ITS REPRES5TATIVE ! SOLE LEGAL T5D] 9 EX*ANGE1 IT CR[DS \T ALL O!R WEAL? :I* MI<T AS WELL FACILITATE EX*ANGE ) EQUAL SECURITY & )\T 9T]E/4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! NECESSITY = SU/A9+ A FLUCTUAT+ 0/&>D ( VALUE0 IS NOT ONLY EQUIVAL5T TO AN ASSUM$ NECESSITY = SU/A9+ ! MONOPOLY OV] CR$IT1 BUT ALSO PREV5TS ! REAL VALUE FROM BE+ DET]M9$ BY ! CO/ ( LABOR EXP5D$4 

,A SOLV5T1 :E!R ISSU$ BY A BANK]1 A F>M]1 OR A ME*ANIC1 UND] FRE$OM TO ! EX*ANGE ( CR$IT NE$S NO >TIFICIAL GU>ANTEE1 = PROTECTION TO ALL IS EQUIVAL5T TO PROTECTION TO NONE4 ,IT W\LD RECEIVE CR$IT TO ! EXT5T ( ! WEAL? KN[N TO BE PL$G$ BEH9D IT = R$EMPTION1 & NO LESS SCRUT9Y W\LD BE US$ ?AN N[ 9 DET]M9+ ITS SOLV5CY4 ,WE ONLY LOOK = R$EMPTION :5 DI/RU/ >ISES1 SO R$EMPTION W\LD ONLY BE S\<T :5 ! PRODUC]S PL$G$ W]E ( GREAT] B5EFIT ?AN ! UTILITY ( !IR CR$IT REPRES5TATIVE4 ,SU* NOTES C\LD HAVE AS FULL CR$IT 9 A VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION - ! ,PATRONS ( ,9DU/RY = 9/ANCE _<#c#b_> - AS ?OSE N[ ISSU$ BY A BANK4 ,FUR!R1 SU* USE ( CR$IT C\LD NOT LEAD TO A PANIC1 = IT W\LD NOT BE 9 9V]SE PROPORTION TO ITS SECURITY1 NOR CREATE A SPECULATIVE DEM& TO POSSESS ! WEAL? PL$G$ = ! PURPOSE ( HO>D+1 = UND] FREE COMPETITION1 :I* FREE EX*ANGE IMPLIES1 H\SES1 MA*9]Y1 OR O!R PRODUCTS RETA9$ =M USE W\LD BE AS VALUELESS AS WAT] 0HO>D$0 9 A WELL 9 A WET SEASON4 ,9 ! PRES5T SY/EM ! BASIS IS BO? FLUCTUAT+ & 9ADEQUATE2 9 ! O!R IT W\LD T5D TO /ABILITY & BE UNAFFECT$ BY FE>S4 

,A SPECIE BASIS1 BESIDES >\S+ D\BTS AS TO ! SOLV5CY ( ITS REPRES5TATIVE1 DUR+ SPECULATIVE REACTIONS1 BY ! NECESSITY ( MEET+ ! EXACTIONS ( 9T]E/ & DESIRE = PR(ITS1 CREATES A SPECULATIVE CR$IT :]E :AT IS PL$G$ BE>S BUT AN 9F9ITESIMAL PROPORTION TO ! EX*ANGES EFFECT$1 & C>RY+ ) IT AS A FATAL CONSEQU5CE ! FACT ?AT ANY DEGREE ( PROSP]ITY 9V>IABLY 9CITES TO L>G] OP]ATIONS1 BAS$ UPON ?IS SWOLL5 CR$IT1 UNTIL ! LIMIT ( CONFID5CE IS PASS$ & CAUTION AGA9 LEADS TO D\BT & D\BT TO PANIC4 ,! /ABILITY ( ! BASIS BE>S NO RELATION TO ! 5ORM\S SUP]/RUCTURE CR$IT HAS S\<T TO RAISE UPON IT1 & ?\S&S FALL YE>LY 9 ! /RUGGLE4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION UND] FREE EX*ANGE ORGANIZ+ CR$IT UPON A MUTUAL BASIS1 :]E9 ALL LABOR PRODUCTS NOT QUICKLY P]I%ABLE W\LD CON/ITUTE ! BASIS PL$G$1 ! ONLY 9FLATION ?AT C\LD RESULT W\LD BE ?AT ( WEAL?1 AS WILL BE SE5 H]EAFT] :5 CONSID]+ DETAILS4 

,OPPORTUNITY = CR$IT BE+ OP5 TO LABOR UND] FREE COMPETITION1 ITS CO/1 LIKE 9SURANCE1 W\LD SPE$ILY DET]M9E CURR5T RATES4 ,:AT MI<T RESULT OP5S A V]Y BROAD FIELD1 BUT ONE NOT LEGITIMATELY 9CLUD$ )9 ! SCOPE ( ! APPLICATION ( \R FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES4 ,:Y IT HAS NOT RESULT$ WE MAY READILY SEE TO BE ! CONT9U$ SURVIVAL ( ! MILITANT SUP]/ITION ?AT M5 NE$ GOV]NM5TAL 0DIRECTION0 9 MATT]S :]E SELF-9T]E/ ALONE MI<T SEEM COMPET5T TO GUIDE )\T RESORT+ TO EI!R B>B>IC OR TWILI<T S*EMES ( REPRESSION4 ,H[ SU* ORGANIZATION C\LD BE 9TRODUC$ & COMM& CONFID5CE WE HAVE YET TO CONSID]4 ,TO ?OSE :O /ILL BELIEVE ?AT 9 ! POLITICAL POOL ! GOV]NM5T LEOP>D MAY BE CLEANS$ ( ITS SPOTS ,I COMM5D !SE WORDS ( ,J]EMY ,B5?AM3 _<#c#c_> 

0,:AT A GOV]NM5T \<T TO DO IS A MY/]I\S & SE>*+ QUE/ION1 :I* ?OSE MAY ANSW] :O KN[ :AT TO MEANS2 BUT :AT O!R M5 \<T TO DO IS A QUE/ION ( NO MY/]Y AT ALL4 ,! WORD \<T1 IF IT MEANS ANY?+1 MU/ HAVE REF]5CE TO SOME K9D ( 9T]E/ OR MOTIVES 2 & :AT 9T]E/ A GOV]NM5T HAS 9 DO+ RI<T1 :5 IT HAPP5S TO BE 9T]E/$ 9 DO+ WRONG1 IS A QUE/ION = ! S*OOLMAN4 ,! FACT APPE>S TO BE1 ?AT \<T IS NOT PR$ICABLE ( GOV]NM5TS4 ,! QUE/ION IS NOT :Y GOV]NM5TS >E NOT B\ND TO DO ?IS OR ?AT1 BUT :Y O!R M5 %\LD LET !M IF !Y CAN HELP IT4 ,! PO9T IS NOT TO DET]M9E :Y ! LION %\LD NOT EAT %EEP1 BUT :Y M5 %\LD NOT EAT !IR [N MUTTON ( !Y CAN40 

,TO :I* WE MAY ADD ! WORDS ( A F> CLE>] & BROAD] ?9K]1 ,AUB]ON ,H]B]T3_<#c#d_> 

0,HAS ANY RACE ( M5 EV] FAIRLY TRI$ EV5 ! HUMBLE/ EXP]IM5T ( FRE$OM & F\ND IT FAIL8 

0,HAVE NOT ! HUMAN FACULTIES GR[N 9 EV]Y FIELD JU/ AS FRE$OM HAS BE5 GIV5 TO !M8 

0,HAVE M5 EV] CLUNG TO PROTECTION & RE/RA9T & (FICIALISM )\T 5TANGL+ !MSELVES DEEP] & DEEP] 9TO EVILS FROM :I* !RE WAS NO \TLET80 

,V,I,I4 ,MUTUAL ,CR$IT 

,AFT] ?IS REVIEW ( ! 9EQUALITIES & /RIK+ 9JU/ICE ( ! MONEY MONOPOLY1 & ?AT FREE BANK+ 9 SOCIAL EVOLUTION LOGICALLY FOLL[S FROM ! L9ES ( LEA/ RESI/ANCE UND] WID] FRE$OM1 WE WILL PROCE$ TO 9QUIRE 9 :AT MANN] ! ORGANIZATION ( P]SONAL CR$IT W\LD S]VE A SOCIAL FUNCTION & FUR!R ! REALIZATION ( ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE4 ,= ONLY AS LIB]TY FAILS TO MEET ! REQUIREM5TS ( PROGRESS WILL ?IS OR ?AT AU?ORIT>IAN REGULAT+ S*EME ( CR$IT & EX*ANGE RECEIVE JU/IFICATION4 ,CAN FREE COMPETITION BE 9TRODUC$ 9TO DOME/IC EX*ANGES & ! CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION8 OR MU/ ! APPLICATION ( FREE TRADE BE CONF9$ TO ! MANUFACTUR$ PRODUCT & DI/RIBUTION8 ,9 O!R WORDS1 CAN ! M$IUM ( EX*ANGE BE REPUBLICANIZ$ )\T 9JURY TO ANY1 OR DE/ROY+ ALL RELATIONS ( VALUE8 ,! ,AN>*I/ UNHESITAT+LY ANSW]S 9 ! AFFIRMATIVE1 & 9 OPPOSITION TO L& NATIONALIZ]S ASS]TS ?AT 9 ! RE/RICTIONS PLAC$ >\ND EX*ANGE LIES .<SIC.> OB/ACLES TO 9DU/RIAL PROGRESS MORE F>-REA*+ & ( DEEP] IMPORTANCE ?AN EV5 MONOPOLY ( L&4 

,TO 9DIVIDUAL CR$IT ! OBJECTION WILL >ISE ?AT IT W\LD BE LIMIT$ 9 SCOPE1 FROM ! V]Y NATURE ( ! NOTES1 TO LOCAL NE$S1 OR W\LD BE MORE WOR?LESS AT A DI/ANCE ?AN ! OLD /ATE-BANK NOTES4 ,BUT ANY >GUM5T ON SOCIAL RELATIONS UND] ABS5CE ( COMPULSORY REGULATION C>RIES ) IT ! RECOGNITION ( ASSOCIATIVE ACTION :]E NE$$4 ,SP5C] IS UNQUE/IONABLY RI<T 9 CONCLUD+ ?AT 0AS 9 ! MILITANT TYPE ! DEM& = CORPORATE ACTION IS 9TR9SIC1 SU* DEAD = CORPORATE ACTION AS CONT9UES 9 ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE IS MA9LY EXTR9SIC - IS CALL$ = BY ?OSE AGGRESSIVE TRAITS ( HUMAN NATURE :I* *RONIC W>F>E HAS FO/]$1 & MAY GRADUALLY DIM9I% AS1 UND] 5DUR+ PEACEFUL LIFE1 !SE DECREASE40_<#c#e_> ,BUT :ILE IT REMA9S TRUE ?AT ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE WILL DEVELOP ! HI<E/ 9DIVIDUALITY & 9 A L>GE MEASURE SUB/ITUTE 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE & RESPONSIBILITY = CORPORATE COMB9ATIONS1 /ILL A L>GE FIELD WILL BE LEFT 9 :I* COOP]ATION )\T SACRIFICE ( 9DIVIDUALITY WILL BE 9 /RICT H>MONY ) 9DU/RIAL IDEALS4 ,:AT M5 HAVE DONE UND] TRAMMELS !Y WILL BE NONE ! LESS ABLE TO DO 9 ! ABS5CE ( 9T]F]5CE4 ,:5 ! 9T]E/ ( ALL >E .<SIC.> L$ TO COOP]ATE :]E 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE IS DEEM$ 9SUFFICI5T 7A CONDITION MORE LIABLE TO DECREASE ?AN TO 9CREASE71 RA!R ?AN MADE TO COMB9E1 DEM& WILL PRODUCE SUPPLY4 ,WE HAVE EVID5CE ( ?IS ON EV]Y H& 9 VA/ NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS1 VOLUNT>ILY UNIT+ TO C>RY \T OR A*IEVE SOME COMMON PURPOSE4 ,AMONG ! MANY :I* C\LD BE NAM$ ! F>M]S ALONE FURNI% US ) AN ILLU/RATION :]E9 ECONOMIC 5DS >E S\<T 9 R$UC+ ! ROLE ( ! MIDDLE MAN TO A M9IMUM4 ,:Y CAN !Y NOT EXT5D ! PR9CIPLE TO ! ORGANIZATION ( MUTUAL CR$IT AMONG !MSELVES & ?US ELIM9ATE BO? 9T]E/ & PR(ITS & REALIZE PROGRESS )\T POV]TY8 _<#c#f_> ,9SURANCE NOT BE+ A GOV]NM5TAL FUNCTION1 ASSOCIATION NATURALLY >ISES = ?AT PURPOSE1 & AS ! TAXATION IS DIRECT & VOLUNT>ILY MET1 & FREE COMPETITION T5DS TO BR+ IT D[N TO ! MEAN ( CO/1 ! 5D IS REA*$ EASI] & *EAP] ?AN GIV+ IT 9TO ! H&S ( ! ,/ATE :]E !SE LIMITATIONS ON EXP5SE W\LD NOT EXI/4 ,WILL ! F>M]S GRASP ! IDEA & REALIZE IT8 ,!IR ORGANIZATIONS MAY AF=D BO? 9DEMNITY & SECURITY = LIFE1 = WEAL? E>N$1 = V>I\S 5T]PRISES 9VOLV+ RISK & GREAT EXP5SE1 BUT A COMMON M$IUM ( EX*ANGE IS TABOO$6 ,IT IS NOT IMPOSSIBLE TO CONCEIVE ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE TO ?AT DEGREE :]E A MAN MAY BE A MEMB] ( AS MANY 0,/ATES0 SIMULTANE\SLY AS ! SEV]AL FUNCTIONS !Y DIS*>GE ATTRACT HIM4 

,BUT LIB]TY1 ! EQUALITY ( OPPORTUNITIES 9VOLV$ 9 EMANCIPATION1 NE$ NOT BE SOLELY DEP5D5T ON SU* ASSOCIATIONS AS N[ EXI/ TO WORK \T A NATURAL & EFFECTIVE ME?OD4 ,EXI/+ SOCIAL ME*ANISM NE$ NOT FAIL ALTOGE!R SIMPLY BECAUSE DEPRIV$ ( C]TA9 PRIVILEGES N[ CONF]R$4 ,! FIR/ QUE/ION TO >ISE 9 ! M9D ( ! BANK] ON F9D+ MONEY MONOPOLY REMOV$ W\LD NATURALLY BE3 0,H[ CAN ,I BE/ ADAPT MYSELF TO ! *ANG$ CONDITIONS80 ,H[EV] ON]\S MAY BE ! BURD5S 5TAIL$ BY ! BANK+ SY/EM1 /ILL IT IS 9DISPUTABLE ?AT ! BANK] DOES EX]CISE A SOCIAL FUNCTION4 ,! NECESSITY ( A BANK TO EXT5D CR$IT & ?AT ( ITS PRIVILEGES >E WIDELY DI/9CT PROPOSITIONS4 ,NOR W\LD IT BE TO MUTUAL 9T]E/S UPON ! REMOVAL ( ! PRIVILEGES HE HAD H]ET(ORE 5JOY$ ?AT HIS ABILITY TO /ILL DIS*>GE 9DISP5SABLE SOCIAL FUNCTIONS %\LD BE IGNOR$4 ,NOR W\LD ?IS NE$ FOLL[4 ,LIB]TY CANNOT IMPLY RE/RICTION NOR ELECTION1 BUT SELF-ELECTION BY ABILITY & FITNESS TO P]=M4 ,?US1 UND] EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES ! FIELD W\LD BE OP5 TO HIM4 

,!RE W\LD BE AS URG5T NE$ = ME?OD AS UND] AU?ORITY1 & ! SAME TE/1 FITNESS1 W\LD F> MORE READILY DET]M9E A MAN'S SUCCESS ?AN N[ = SU* FUNCTIONS4 ,ADM9I/RATION IS NEV] 9V5T$ DE NOVO & ! ME?ODS N[ 9 VOGUE ADAPT$ TO ! *ANG$ CONDITIONS W\LD ANSW] ALL ! PURPOSES ( ! SOCIAL 5VIRONM5T4 ,! 9CORPORATION1 H[EV]1 ( SU* FUNCTIONS 9 ! PROGRAM ( ONE ( \R GREAT ASSOCIATIVE BODIES1 LIKE ! ,PATRONS ( ,9DU/RY1 IS FEASIBLE1 &1 & !IR NUMB]S BE+ SUFFICI5TLY L>GE TO COV] ! V>I\S 9DU/RIES1 EX*ANGE C\LD BE READILY EFFECT$ & !IR MUTUAL ACCEPTANCE ( BILLS ( EX*ANGE1 ! C5TRAL EXECUTIVE BO>D ACT+ AS A CLE>+ H\SE1 BO? ELIM9ATE 9T]E/ & PR(ITS & GIVE AN IMPETUS TO PRODUCTION BY HEI<T5+ CONSUMPTIVE CAPACITY4 

,ECONOMIC READ]S WILL REMEMB] :]E ,AMASA ,WALK] _<#c#g_> DESCRIBES ! ME?OD BY :I* =EIGN EX*ANGES >E EFFECT$ )\T ! DISBURSEM5T ( MONEY SAVE TO PAY BALANCE2 & ?AT ?IS LOGICALLY RESULT$ FROM ! ABS5CE ( 9T]NATIONAL AU?ORITATIVE 9T]F]5CE4 ,EXT5SION ( DI/RIBUTION EV] T5DS AS COMM]CE BECOMES MORE DEVELOP$ TO SIMPLIFICATION ( ME?ODS & TO 9DIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY1 AS F> AS GOV]NM5TAL NON9T]F]5CE P]MITS4 ,LET US SEE H[ ! SAME MUTUAL >RANGEM5TS MI<T BE EFFECT$ 9 DOME/IC TRANSACTIONS4 ,COL4 ,WILLIAM ,B4 ,GRE5E1_<#c#h_> 9 HIS LITTLE WORK ON 0,MUTUAL ,BANK+0 HAS GIV5 SU* A ME?OD1 BAS$ UPON ,PR\DHON'S MORE ELABORATE 0,ORGANIZATION ( ,CR$IT0 9 EXPLANATION ( ! 0,PEOPLE'S ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE40 ,TO ,PR\DHON MU/ BE ASCRIB$ ! M]IT ( FIR/ G5]ALIZ+ ! BILL ( EX*ANGE TO RELIEVE COMM]CE FROM ! MONOPOLY LEGISLATION HAD FA/5$ UPON IT4 ,9 ,COL4 ,GRE5E'S SKET* WE HAVE ! FOLL[+ PLAN = A MUTUAL BANK3 

0#a4 ,ANY P]SON1 BY PL$G+ ACTUAL PROP]TY TO ! BANK1 MAY BECOME A MEMB] ( ! ,MUTUAL ,BANK+ ,COMPANY4 

0#b4 ,ANY MEMB] MAY BORR[ ! PAP] MONEY ( ! BANK1 ON HIS [N NOTE RUNN+ TO MATURITY 7)\T 5DORSEM5T71 TO AN AM\NT NOT TO EXCE$ ONE-HALF ( ! VALUE ( ! PROP]TY BY HIMSELF PL$G$4 

0#c4 ,EA* MEMB] B9DS HIMSELF1 ON ADMISSION1 TO RECEIVE 9 ALL PAYM5TS1 FROM :OMSOEV] IT MAY BE1 & AT P>1 ! PAP] ( ! MUTUAL BANK4 

0#d4 ,! RATE ( 9T]E/ AT :I* SAID MONEY %ALL BE LOAN$ %ALL BE DET]M9$ BY1 & %ALL1 IF POSSIBLE JU/ MEET & COV] ! B>E EXP5SES ( ! 9/ITUTION4 ,AS = 9T]E/ 9 ! COMMON ACCEPTATION ( ! WORD4 ITS RATE %ALL BE AT ! ,MUTUAL ,BANK PRECISELY 4 

0#e4 ,NO MONEY %ALL BE LOAN$ TO ANY P]SONS :O >E NOT MEMB]S ( ! COMPANY2 ?AT IS1 NO MONEY %ALL BE LOAN$1 EXCEPT ON A PL$GE ( ACTUAL PROP]TY4 

0#f4 ,ANY MEMB] ON PAY+ HIS DEBTS TO ! BANK1 MAY HAVE HIS PROP]TY RELEAS$ FROM ALL OBLIGATIONS TO ! BANK1 OR TO ! HOLD]S ( ! BANK'S MONEY1 AS SU*4 

0#g4 ,AS = ! BANK1 IT %ALL NEV] R$EEM ANY ( ITS NOTES 9 SPECIE2 NOR %ALL IT EV] RECEIVE SPECIE 9 PAYM5TS1 OR ! BILLS ( SPECIE PAY+ BANKS EXCEPT AT A DISC\NT ( ONE-HALF ( ONE P]C5T4 

0,%IPS & H\SES ?AT >E 9SUR$1 MA*9]Y1 9 %ORT1 ANY?+ ?AT MAY BE SOLD UND] ! HAMM]1 MAY BE MADE A BASIS = ! ISSUE ( MUTUAL MONEY4 ,MUTUAL BANK+ OP5S ! WAY TO NO MONOPOLY1 = IT SIMPLY ELEVATES EV]Y SPECIES ( PROP]TY TO ! RANK :I* HAS HI!RTO BE5 EXCLUSIVELY OCCUPI$ BY GOLD & SILV]40 

,?IS IS A PLAN = VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION ( 9DIVIDUALS 9 A COMMUNITY1 :O1 BY A PL$GE ( ! RESULT ( PA/ LABOR1 RECEIVE !RE= BILLS 9 ! =M ( DIVISIBLE RECEIPTS TO AUGM5T ! RESULT ( PRES5T LABOR1 :I* AMONG ALL MEMB]S S]VE AS A M$IUM ( EX*ANGE4 ,BY ! CONT9UANCE ( ! CLE>+ H\SE1 BY SOCIAL NE$S R5D]$ A FUNCTIONAL NECESSITY1 !SE BILLS W\LD BE 9T]*ANG$ & R$EEMABLE ONLY 9 M]*&ISE & S]VICES4 ,CURR5CY1 OR DOME/IC BILLS ( EX*ANGE1 9 BE+ R$EEMABLE 9 ! PRODUCT ( LABOR W\LD E/ABLI% LABOR AS ! /&>D & MEASURE ( VALUE1 & AS R$EMPTION W\LD BE CANCELLATION ! DESIRE C\LD NOT GIVE RISE TO A PANIC4 

,BUT ! 0PRACTICAL MAN10 C>+ NO?+ = EQUITABLE PR9CIPLES1 MAY H]E *>GE ?AT ?IS MAY BE A V]Y F9E MILL5NIAL DREAM1 BUT IMPRACTICABLE H]E & N[4 ,LET US SEE4 ,LEAV+ = ! MOM5T AB/RACT PR9CIPLES LET US ATTEMPT A CONCRETE APPLICATION4 

,! LA/ RESORT ( ! ,ILL9OIS ,BUREAU ( ,LABOR ,/ATI/ICS GIVES TABLES ( MORTGAGE 9DEBT$NESS CALCULAT$ TO AWAK5 S]I\S ?\<T4 ,! QUE/ION ( MO/ PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE TO ALL MORTGAGES IS H[ !IR 9DEBT$NESS CAN BE/ BE LIQUIDAT$1 & AT ! SAME TIME !IR CAPITAL = PRODUCTIVE PURPOSES 9CREAS$4 ,BY D9T ( P>SIMONY MANY A F>M] HAS BE5 5ABL$ TO EXTRICATE HIMSELF FROM ! SL\< ( DEBT1 BUT EV5 !N HIS ABILITY TO CAPITALIZE WEAL? = NEW V5TURES REMA9$ 0! SUB/ANCE ( ?+S HOP$ =40 _<#c#i_> ,P>SIMONY NEV] 9CREASES WEAL?4 ,ABILITY TO POSSESS L&1 ! S\RCE ( ALL PRODUCTION1 NO MATT] UND] :AT K9D ( T5URE IT IS HELD1 WILL ONLY 9CREASE ! WEAL? ( ! PRODUC] AS ABILITY TO USE IS JO9$ ) POSSESSION4 

,MAN'S PRODUCTIVE P[] IS PRACTICALLY UNLIMIT$1 BUT GREAT & S]I\S *ECKS EXI/ UPON HIS CONSUMPTIVE CAPACITY4 ,TO 9CREASE ?IS IS TO HEI<T5 DEM&1 RAISE ! /&>D ( COM=T1 & ) ?IS ABILITY TO CAPITALIZE WEAL?1 & H5CE1 AN 9DEF9ITE 9CREASE ( PRODUCTIVE P[]4 ,PRODUCTIVE P[] IS ONLY LIMIT$ BY DEM&1 & :ATEV] LIMITS ?IS NECESS>ILY CONTRACTS PRODUCTION & FETT]S ! PRODUC]S4 ,MORTGAGE 9DEBT$NESS IS SU* A FETT] OR CLOG UPON ! F>M]1 9ASMU* AS IT NOT ONLY DIV]TS A L>GE PORTION ( WEAL? 9 DI/RIBUTION1 BUT ALSO ACTS DIRECTLY 9 LIMIT+ PRODUCTION TO CONSUMPTIVE CAPACITY BAS$ ON 5=C$ P>SIMONY4 ,!SE >E 9CONTROV]TIBLE ECONOMIC FACTS IRRESPECTIVE ( ALL F9ANCIAL SY/EMS1 & ! QU]Y >ISES1 IS !RE NOT 9 MUTUAL BANK+ AN ESCAPE FROM !SE CONDITIONS )\T RESORT+ TO ! QUE/IONABLE PROCESS ( TRU/+ A POLITICIAN 9 P[] TO KEEP ! PROMISES HE MADE TO ATTA9 IT8 

,FIR/1 LET US SEE :AT ! CONDITIONS >E AS %[N 9 ! ,BUREAU REPORT4 ,TAK+ ONLY ! MORTGAGES ON L&S1 ( ONE ACRE OR MORE1 & ELIM9AT+ ?OSE ON LOTS & *ATTELS1 WE F9D ?AT !RE >E RECORD$ #i#i1#g#g#g MORTGAGES1 AM\NT+ TO @s#a#d#g1#c#b1#e#d1 & COV]+ #h1#h#b1#g#i#d ACRES4 ,?IS IS SUBDIVID$ 9 LOANS & DEF]R$ PAYM5TS2 ! =M] %[+ ABSOLUTE NE$ = MONEY1 ! LATT] POSSESSION ( MONEY TO 9VE/ & A LEGITIMATE EXPECTATION ( MORE4 ,= LOANS ! 9DEBT$NESS COV]S #g1#e1#g#i#i ACRES1 :ILE ?OSE = DEF]R$ PAYM5TS >E ONLY #a1#c#a1#i#i#e ACRES4 ,COMP>$ TO ! :OLE ACREAGE ! P]C5TAGE ( ACRES MORTGAG$ IS #b#c4#c#h2 ! AV]AGE PRES5T 5CUMBRANCE P] ACRE ON L&S ACTUALLY MORTGAG$ @s#a#h4#b#c4 ,COMP>$ ) ! C5SUS AGGREGATE ( VALUE ( F>M L&S 9 #a#h#h1 ?IS IS EQUIVAL5T TO #a#d4#a P]C5T4 ,! TABLES ALSO %[ ?AT FROM #ahg TO #ahh ! 9CREASE 9 MORTGAGES WAS OV] #ba P]C5T1 :ILE FROM #ahh TO #ahhg IT WAS OV] #bc P]C5T4 

,IF WE CONSID] *ATTEL MORTGAGES1 ! 5CUMBRANCE ( LIFE /OCK1 F>M IMPLEM5TS1 GR[+ & G>N]$ CROPS1 EMBRACE NE>LY #de P]C5T ( ! 5TIRE AM\NT4 

,!SE TABLES %[ BO? 9CREAS+ 9DEBT$NESS1 & A WID] DIFFUSION TO POPULATION4 ,! DISEASE >IS+ FROM LEGISLATIVE ACTION1 & ALL ATTEMPTS AT POLITICAL REM$Y HAV+ PROV5 UNAVAIL+1 IT BY NO MEANS FOLL[S ?AT O!R AG5CIES CANNOT FURNI% ! REM$Y4 ,9 FACT1 !RE IS A DEEP & WIDE SPREAD CONVICTION ?AT ! EVIL BE+ AN ECONOMIC ONE1 REM$Y DOES NOT LIE 9 POLITICAL TREATM5T4 ,HAPPILY1 ! SIGNS ( ! TIMES 9DICATE ?AT REM$IAL VIRTUE HAS PASS$ FROM GOV]NM5T1 & IS TO BE F\ND 9 ASSOCIATION2 NOT 9 POLITICAL COMPULSION1 BUT 9 VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION4 ,! POSSIBILITY ( ORGANIZATION AMONG AGRICULTURAL PRODUC]S IS NO LONG] QUE/IONABLE4 ,V>I\S ORGANIZATIONS ALL OV] ! L& %[ ?AT ! F>M]S >E LE>N+ ! P[] ( ORGANIZATION1 & ! POSSIBILITY ( ATTA9+ RESULTS H]ET(ORE SC\T$ BY ?OSE ECONOMI/S :O REG>D ! RELATION ( DEM& & SUPPLY1 )9 ! RE/RICTIONS ( PRIVILEG$ LEGISLATION1 AS ONE ( 0UNALT]ABLE LAW40 

,! NE$ ( EX*ANGE 9 \R COMPLICAT$ SOCIAL ORGANISM DEM&S ME?OD & ADM9I/RATIVE DIRECTION1 BUT ! ASSUMPTION ( AU?ORITATIVE REGULATION1 9 :I* IS 9VOLV$ ! D5IAL ( COMPETITION1 IS AS UNW>RANT$ 9 EX*ANGE AS IT W\LD BE IF CLAIM$ = 9SURANCE4 ,H[ !N CAN F>M]S' ORGANIZATIONS NOT M]ELY POOL !IR CR$IT1 :I* WE ALREADY SEE DONE1 BUT ALSO ORGANIZE !IR CR$IT SO AS TO CAPITALIZE WEAL? AT M9IMUM CO/1 !REBY GIV+ A SPR+ TO PRODUCTIVE 9DU/RY1 :I* W\LD BO? FREE !M FROM ! 9CUBUS ( 9DEBT$NESS1 & 9CREASE DEM& = SUPPLY8 ,:E!R ! ORGANIZATION BE CALL$ ,PATRONS1 ,ALLIANCE1 ,:EEL1 OR ,GRANGE1 IT LIES 9 ! P[] ( EA* & ALL TO MUTUALLY ORGANIZE CR$IT4 ,ONE ( !SE ORGANIZATIONS N[ NUMB] .<SIC.> OV] #a1 MEMB]S 9 A S+LE ,/ATE1 ,MI*IGAN1 & >E REPORT$ TO BE 9CREAS+ OV] #a1#b P] MON?4 

,! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,/ATE ORGANIZATION CAN DIRECT ! ORGANIZATION ( CR$IT ON ! MUTUAL PLAN ,I HAVE \TL9$ BY ISSU+ DIVISIBLE RECEIPTS = AMPLE SECURITY PL$G$4 ,UND] !IR DIRECT ADM9I/RATION1 ACT+ ?R\< EA* SUBORD9ATE LOCAL1 ! MEMB]S CAN AGREE TO MUTUALLY RECEIVE & 9T]*ANGE !SE MUTUAL TOK5S ( CR$IT1 OR BILLS ( EX*ANGE4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ANY MEMB] HAV+ LABOR PRODUCT SAV$ 9 ! NATURE ( BUILD+S1 MA*9]Y1 OR NONP]I%ABLE PRODUCTS1 BY (F]+ !SE AS SECURITY = ADVANC$ CAPITAL W\LD RECEIVE 9 RETURN DIVISIBLE RECEIPTS = ! SUM DESIR$1 9 :I* CO/ W\LD REGULATE PRICE OR EXP5SE4 ,!SE BILLS ( EX*ANGE BE+ AMPLY SECUR$1 & BE+ RECEIV$ AT P> BY ALL FELL[ MEMB]S1 W\LD AMONG !MSELVES AF=D A M$IUM ( EX*ANGE FROM :I* 9T]E/ 7& ITS SEQU5CE1 PR(ITS7 W\LD BE ELIM9AT$4 ,) SU* BILLS ( EX*ANGE 0REPUBLICANIZ$10 !Y W\LD 9T]*ANGE FROM H& TO H&4 

,9 ?US CAPITALIZ+ HIS WEAL? E>N$ ! F>M] C\LD GIVE A GREAT] IMPETUS TO PRODUCTION1 & :5 HE DESIR$ TO EFFECT R$EMPTION BY EX*ANGE ( PRODUCTS1 R$EMPTION W\LD BE CANCELLATION4 ,TO D5Y ?IS IS TO D5Y ! PRODUCTIVE P[] ( CAPITAL4 ,EV]Y DIVISIBLE RECEIPT BE+ AMPLY SECUR$ BY WEAL? PL$G$1 & R$EMPTION BE+ CANCELLATION PROCE$+ FROM CAPITAL ADVANC$ BY SU* ORGANIZATION ( MUTUAL CR$IT ! ONLY 9FLATION ?AT C\LD 5SUE W\LD BE ?AT ( WEAL?2 & ! ONLY ONE PROBABLY DESIR+ R$EMPTION W\LD BE ! ONE :O CONTRACT$ ! LOAN1 :5 ! CAPITAL ADVANC$ HAD PRODUC$ SUFFICI5T SURPLUS WEAL? TO 5ABLE HIM TO SEEK ITS LIQUIDATION4 

,?IS PLAN1 IT WILL BE SE51 PRES]VES ! FULL 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY ( ! MEMB] SEEK+ CR$IT UPON :AT MAY BE DET]M9$ TO BE SUFFICI5T SECURITY1 & IS BUT AN EXT5SION ( ! 9DU/RIAL IDEA ( EQUAL FRE$OM1 & VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION1 TO ! FUNCTIONAL NECESSITY = R5D]+ EX*ANGE FREE & EQUITABLE1 & ?US GIV+ PRODUCTION AN 9DEF9ITE IMPULSE NEV] YET OBTA9ABLE4 ,ONE SU* ORGANIZATION1 HAV+ ?US %[N ! SOCIAL ADVANTAGE ( SU* FRI5DLY 9T]*ANGE ( FULLY SECUR$ CR$IT1 9 ABOLI%+ BO? 9T]E/ & PR(ITS1 CO/ W\LD NECESS>ILY BECOME ! MEAN ( PRICE4 ,O!R ORGANIZATIONS W\LD QUICKLY FOLL[ ! EXAMPLE4 ,! ,/ATE OR ,NATIONAL BO>D AT FIR/ ACT+ AS A CLE>+ H\SE = ADJU/M5T ( BALANCES BETWE5 !IR [N LOCALS C\LD EASILY EXT5D ! SCOPE ( ADM9I/RATION TO A MUTUAL UND]/&+ ) K9DR$ OR ANY O!R ORGANIZATION4 

,BUT WILL ! GOV]NM5T NOT TAX IT \T ( EXI/5CE 9 ! 9T]E/ ( BOND-HOLD+ LORDS8 ,! QUE/ION IS SECOND>Y TO ITS ECONOMIC EQUITY & AN ORGANIZATION EXT5D+ TO EV]Y C\NTY 9 A ,/ATE1 & (F]+ SU* 9DUCEM5TS TO ALL HONE/ TOIL]S1 W\LD AT ONCE BE 9 A POSITION TO MEET SU* AN ATTEMPT$ 9VASION ( EQUAL RI<TS BY POLITICIANS AS TO NOT R5D] ! RESULT D\BTFUL4 ,! PA? TO ! CAPITALIZATION ( ALL WEAL? LIES BE=E ! F>M] H]E & N[1 & ! ADOPTION ( SU* A C\RSE IS 9 NO WISE TA9T$ ) ! SOCIALI/IC PAT]NALISM ( ,GEORGE'S OR ,BELLAMY'S S*EMES ( AU?ORIT>IAN DIRECTION4 ,IS ?IS UTOPIAN :5 APPLI$ TO EX*ANGE1 & S\ND BUS9ESS :5 DAILY EX]CIS$ 9 C\NTLESS O!R RELATIONS NOT UND] GOV]NM5TAL DIRECTION8 

,H]E ,I MI<T PAUSE1 BUT = SAKE ( GREAT] CLE>NESS LET US LI/5 TO ! MA/]4 ,PR\DHON SAYS3 

0,IS ?IS A PAP] CURR5CY8 

0,I ANSW] UNHESITAT+LY1 NO3 IT IS NEI!R PAP] MONEY1 NOR MONEY ( PAP]2 IT IS NEI!R GOV]NM5T *ECKS1 NOR EV5 BANK BILLS2 IT IS NOT ( ! NATURE ( ANY ?+ ?AT HAS BE5 HI!RTO 9V5T$ TO MAKE UP = ! SC>CITY ( SPECIE4 ,IT IS ! BILL ( EX*ANGE G5]ALIZ$4 

0,! ESS5CE ( ! BILL ( EX*ANGE IS CON/ITUT$1 #a4 BY ITS BE+ DRAWN FROM ONE PLACE ON ANO!R2 #b4 BY ITS REPRES5T+ A REAL VALUE EQUAL TO ! SUM IT EXPRESSES2 #c4 BY ! PROMISE OR OBLIGATION ON ! P>T ( ! DRAWEE TO PAY IT :5 IT FALLS DUE4 

0,9 ?REE WORDS1 ?AT :I* CON/ITUTES ! BILL ( EX*ANGE IS EX*ANGE1 PROVISION1 ACCEPTANCE4 

0,AS TO ! DATE ( ISSUE1 OR ( FALL+ DUE2 AS TO ! DESIGNATION ( ! PLACES1 P]SONS1 OBJECTS1 - !SE >E P>TICUL> CIRCUM/ANCES :I* DO NOT RELATE TO ! ESS5CE ( ! TITLE1 BUT :I* S]VE M]ELY TO GIVE IT A DET]M9ATE1 P]SONAL1 & LOCAL ACTUALITY4 

0,N[1 :AT IS ! BANK PAP] ,I PROPOSE TO CREATE8 

0,IT IS ! BILL ( EX*ANGE /RIPP$ ( ! CIRCUM/ANTIAL QUALITIES ( DATE1 PLACE1 P]SON1 OBJECT1 T]M ( MATURITY1 & R$UC$ TO ITS ESS5TIAL QUALITIES - EX*ANGE1 ACCEPTANCE1 PROVISION4 

0,IT IS1 TO EXPLA9 MYSELF /ILL MORE CLE>LY1 ! BILL ( EX*ANGE1 PAYABLE AT SI<T & =EV]1 DRAWN FROM EV]Y PLACE 9 ,FRANCE1 UPON EV]Y O!R PLACE 9 ,FRANCE1 =M$ BY #a1 DRAW]S1 GU>ANTE$ BY #a1 9DORS]S1 ACCEPT$ BY #a1 SUBSCRIB]S4 

0,I SAY1 !RE=E1 ?AT SU* A TITLE UNITES EV]Y CONDITION ( SOLIDITY & SECURITY1 & ?AT IT IS SUSCEPTIBLE ( NO DEPRECIATION4 

0,IT IS EM95TLY SOLID1 S9CE1 ON ONE SIDE IT REPRES5TS ! ORD9>Y1 LOCAL1 P]SONAL1 ACTUAL PAP] ( EX*ANGE1 DET]M9$ 9 ITS OBJECT1 & REPRES5T+ A REAL VALUE1 A S]VICE R5D]$1 M]*&ISE DELIV]$1 OR :OSE DELIV]Y IS GU>ANTE$ & C]TA92 :ILE1 ON ! O!R SIDE1 IT IS GU>ANTE$ BY ! CONTRACT1 9 SOLIDO1 ( #a1 EX*ANG]S1 :O1 BY !IR MASS1 !IR 9DEP5D5CE1 & AT ! SAME TIME BY ! UNITY & CONNECTION ( !IR OP]ATION (F] MILLIONS ( MILLIONS ( PROBABILITY ( PAYM5T AGA9/ ONE ( NONPAYM5T4 ,GOLD IS A ?\S& TIMES LESS SURE4 

0,9 FACT1 IF 9 ! ORD9>Y CONDITIONS ( COMM]CE WE MAY SAY ?AT A BILL ( EX*ANGE MADE BY A KN[N M]*ANT (F]S TWO *ANCES ( PAYM5T AGA9/ ONE ( NONPAYM5T1 ! SAME BILL ( EX*ANGE IF IT IS 5DORS$ BY ANO!R KN[N M]*ANT WILL (F] F\R *ANCES ( PAYM5T AGA9/ ONE4 ,IF IT IS 5DORS$ BY ?REE1 F\R OR A GREAT] NUMB] ( M]*ANTS EQUALLY WELL KN[N1 !RE WILL BE EI<T1 SIXTE51 ?IRTY-TWO1 ETC4 TO WAG] AGA9/ ONE ?AT ?REE1 F\R1 FIVE1 ETC4 KN[N M]*ANTS WILL NOT PAY AT ! SAME TIME1_<#d_> S9CE ! FAVORABLE *ANCES 9CREASE 9 GEOMETRICAL PROPORTION ) ! NUMB] ( 9DORS]S4 ,:AT1 !N1 \<T TO BE ! C]TA9TY ( A BILL ( EX*ANGE MADE BY #a1 WELL-KN[N SUBSCRIB]S :O >E ALL ( !M 9T]E/$ TO PROMOTE ITS CIRCULATION8 

0,I ADD ?AT ?IS TITLE IS SUSCEPTIBLE ( NO DEPRECIATION4 ,! REASON = ?IS IS1 FIR/1 9 ! P]FECT VALIDITY ( A MASS ( #a1 SIGN]S4 ,BUT !RE EXI/S ANO!R REASON1 MORE DIRECT1 &1 IF POSSIBLE1 MORE REASSUR+3 IT IS ?AT ! ISSUES ( ! NEW PAP] CAN NEV] BE EXAGG]AT$ LIKE ?OSE ( ORD9>Y BANK BILLS1 TREASURY NOTES1 PAP] MONEY1 ASSIGNATS1 ETC42 = ! ISSUES TAKE PLACE AGA9/ GOOD COMM]CIAL PAP] ONLY1 & 9 ! REGUL> NECESS>ILY LIMIT$ & PROPORTIONATE PROCESS ( DISC\NT+4 

0,9 ! COMB9ATION ,I PROPOSE1 ! PAP]1 7AT ONCE SIGN ( CR$IT & 9/RUM5T ( CIRCULATION7 GR[S \T ( ! BE/ BUS9ESS PAP]1 :I* ITSELF REPRES5TS PRODUCTS DELIV]$1 & BY NO MEANS M]*&ISE UNSOLD3 ,?IS PAP]1 ,I AFFIRM1 CAN NEV] BE REFUS$ 9 PAYM5T1 S9CE IT IS SUBMITT$ _<#d#a_> BE=EH& BY ! MASS ( PRODUC]S4 

0,?IS PAP] (F]S SO MU* ! MORE SECURITY & CONV5I5CE1 9ASMU* AS IT MAY BE TRI$ ON A SMALL SCALE1 & ) AS FEW P]SONS AS Y\ SEE FIT1 & ?AT )\T ! LEA/ VIOL5CE1 )\T ! LEA/ P]IL4 

0,SUPPOSE ! ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE TO />T AT FIR/ ON A BASIS ( #a1 SUBSCRIB]S 9/EAD ( #a13 ! AM\NT ( PAP] IT W\LD ISSUE W\LD BE 9 PROPORTION TO ! BUS9ESS ( !SE #a1 SUBSCRIB]S1 & NEGOTIABLE ONLY AMONG !MSELVES4 ,AFT]W>DS1 ACCORD+ AS O!R P]SONS %\LD ADH]E TO ! BANK1 ! PROPORTION ( BILLS W\LD BE AS #e11 #a11 #e11 ETC42 & !IR CIRCULATION W\LD GR[ ) ! NUMB] ( SUBSCRIB]S1 AS A MONEY PECULI> TO !M4 ,!N :5 ! :OLE ( ,FRANCE %\LD HAVE ADH]$ TO ! /ATUTES ( ! NEW BANK1 ! ISSUE ( PAP] W\LD BE EQUAL1 AT EV]Y 9/ANT1 TO ! TOTALITY ( CIRCULAT+ VALUES40 _<#d#b_> 

,V,I,I,I4 ,EMANCIPATION ( ,CR$IT 

,HAV+ %[N ?AT ! VOLUNT>Y ORGANIZATION ( MUTUAL CR$IT IS FULLY PRACTICABLE2 ?AT ! M$IUM ( EX*ANGE W\LD ?US BE %ORN ( ! DIFFICULTIES :I* PREV5T LABOR FROM FREELY CAPITALIZ+ PRODUCTS2 ?AT ! V>I\S 0BANKS0 ?US ORGANIZ$1 PRIVATE OR ASSOCIATIVE1 TO EX]CISE SOCIAL FUNCTIONS1 BY A SY/EM ( MUTUAL CLE>ANCE W\LD 9DEF9ITELY EXT5D CR$IT2 ?AT ALL ! DIFFICULTIES N[ SO EASY TO CONJECTURE W\LD BE SOLV$ AS !Y W]E RESPECTIVELY RECOGNIZ$ 3 - WE MAY N[ PROCE$ TO CLAIM = IT ! FOLL[+ B5EFIC5T RESULTS3 

#a4 ,L,A,B,O,R ,! ,/,&,>,D ,( ,V,A,L,U,E4 ,9 DEMONETIZ+ GOLD & SILV]1 ?US DEPRIV+ !M ( ! ROYALTY !Y N[ EX]CISE AMONG COMMODITIES1 IT W\LD DE/ROY !IR USE AS /&>DS ( VALUE & LEAVE LABOR EXP5D$1 ! CO/ ( PRODUCTION1 ! REGULATOR ( VALUE4 ,VALUE BE+ DET]M9$ BY ! PROPORTIONAL RELATION BETWE5 PRODUCTS1 ?IS RELATION W\LD NO LONG] BE S\<T 9 A FLUCTUAT+ /&>D BUT MEASUR$ BY ! EXT5T & DEGREE ( LABOR EXP5D$ & ?US E/ABLI% EQUITY 9 EX*ANGE4 ,NOR NE$ !RE BE A CONV5TIONAL /&>D AGRE$ UPON1 = FREE COMPETITION W\LD ITSELF LEAD TO EQUITABLE RELATIONS BY & ?R\< EXP]I5CE & EQUALITY ( OPPORTUNITIES1 E/ABLI%+ A JU/ RATE MEASUR$ BY ! 9T5SITY & SKILL ( ! EX]TION & DEGREE ( REPUGNANCE OV]COME4 ,! AGREEM5T BE+ VOLUNT>Y1 EV]Y BANK+ COMPANY W\LD F9D !IR [N 9T]E/ 5HANC$ ?R\< COMPETITION 9 F9D+ & ACT+ UPON :AT MI<T BE CALL$ ?IS NATURAL VALUE4 ,PRICES1 LIKE EV]Y?+ ELSE FOLL[+ ! L9E ( LEA/ RESI/ANCE1 9 ! ABS5CE ( >TIFICIAL CONDUITS W\LD NATURALLY FL[ 9TO EQUITABLE RELATION ) CO/ ( LABOR1 ?US GIV+ TO EX]TION ITS FULL REW>D4 ,9FLATION ( CR$IT C\LD NOT BE GREAT] ?AN ! 9CREASE ( SURPLUS WEAL? DEEM$ ACCEPTABLE AS SECURITY1 & NO SU* 9CREASE ( CIRCULAT+ M$IUM1 !RE=E1 C\LD AFFECT PRICES DISA/R\SLY1 OR O!RWISE1 BEL[ ! /&>D ( LABOR VALUE1 = IT W\LD MEASURE IT AS ! !RMOMET] DOES HEAT4 ,NOR C\LD CONTRACTION RAISE PRICES1 = 9 CURR5CY AS 9 EV]Y?+ ELSE UND] FRE$OM SUPPLY W\LD FOLL[ DEM&4 

#b4 ,C,E,S,S,A,T,I,O,N ,( ,9,T,],E,/4 ,IT W\LD REMOVE ! CAUSE = USURY )\T DE/ROY+ 9C5TIVE TO PRODUCTION4 ,9 TAK+ FROM CAPITAL ITS ILL-GOTT5 USUFRUCT ( LABOR ! IMPETUS TO ! PRODUCTION ( WEAL?1 9 :I* ALL CLASSES W\LD BE EQUALLY B5EFIT$ & ) NO >TIFICIAL LIMIT TO ITS SCOPE & DEVELOPM5T1 W\LD REMA9 BECAUSE 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE W\LD HAVE GREAT] FRE$OM & FULL] OPPORTUNITIES4 ,BUT UND] \R PRES5T BOA/$ 09C5TIVES0 WE F9D 9DIVIDUALITY N>COTIZ$ BY DIVORC+ CAPITAL FROM LABOR1 ACCOMPANI$ ) EXHIBITIONS ( PAT]NAL C>E4 ,& ?IS W\LD NATURALLY RESULT )\T CALL+ 9 AU?ORITY TO ACCOMPLI% :AT IT1 FROM ITS V]Y ESS5CE1 HAS ALWAYS BE5 AV]SE TO 5T]TA9 - LIB]TY4 ,! NECESSITY = EX]TION REMA9+1 OPPORTUNITY OP5 TO GRATIFY WANTS & MEANS TO CAPITALIZE WEAL?1 OR EV5 DAY'S LABOR1 TOGE!R ) 9CREAS$ LEISURE & ! MORE P]FECT DEVELOPM5T ( 9DIVIDUAL APTITUDES1 IS SUFFICI5T GR\ND = ! FIRM CONVICTION ?AT ! EXT5SION ( FRE$OM 9TO ECONOMIC RELATIONS W\LD NOT CAUSE MANK9D TO DET]IORATE 9TO B>B>ISM AS \R ECONOMIC APOLOGI/S = MILITANCY AFFECT TO BELIEVE4 ,TO ?US EXCEPT ,ECONOMICS FROM ! UNIV]SALLY B5EFIC5T EFFECT ( GREAT] FRE$OM IS TO IMPUGN EVOLUTION ITSELF4 

,ALL WEAL? W\LD 9 A JU/ S5SE BE AVAILABLE AS CAPITAL :5 DESIR$2 & FRE$OM PREVAIL+ NO MORE C\LD RECEIVE ACCEPTANCE AS SECURITY ?AN W\LD GU>ANTEE SU*4 ,EV]Y PORTION ( ?IS WEAL? CONV]T$ BY CR$IT TO REPRODUCTIVE PURPOSE W\LD BE EMPLOY$ )\T EXPLOIT+ ONE ( ?OSE :O GIVE TO PRODUCTS !IR REAL VALUE1 = LABOR & CAPITAL W\LD BE UNIT$1 ! REV]SE SIDES ( ! CAME EX]TION4 

#c4 ,E,M,A,N,C,I,P,A,T,I,O,N ,( ,L,A,B,O,R4 ,! 9DU/RIAL TYPE ( SOCIAL LIFE C\LD !N REALIZE ITS IDEAL1 :]E9 PLA/ICITY EXCLUDES RIGIDITY & ORD] BE F\ND$ ON PROGRESS2 ?AN .<SIC.> ONLY W\LD 9DU/RIAL EMANCIPATION BECOME A FACT4 ,! PRODUC] W\LD NO LONG] BE REPRESS$ BY ! FLUCTUAT+ DEM& ( A SPECULATIVE M>KET1 NOR BEGUIL$ BY TWILI<T S*EMES ( OCCUPANCY ( L& )\T ACCESS TO MEANS = USE1 BUT BE B5EFIT$ BY EV]Y NEW APPLIANCE :I* T5D$ TO R$UCE ! EXHAU/IV5ESS ( TOIL4 ,! OPPORTUNITIES = LABOR W\LD 9CREASE AS ITS WEAL?-PRODUC+ QUALITIES BECAME MORE EQUITABLY %>$1 & ABILITY TO 9CREASE IT RECEIVE NO DAMP] FROM FE> ?AT ! FRUITS ( EX]TION W\LD BE SWALL[$ UP BY SOME DEVICE ( PRIVILEGE4 ,9 ! 9C5TIVE GIV5 TO PRODUCTION EMULATION W\LD BE 9CIT$1 AMBITION >\S$1 HI<] DESIRES CREAT$ & EV]Y ELEM5T ( 9DIVIDUALITY CALL$ 9TO HEAL?FUL EX]CISE RA!R ?AN REPRESS$4 ,ECONOMICS W\LD NO LONG] ASS]T ) ,ROS*] ?AT 

0,! CONDITION ( WORKM5 CAN BE CONT9U$ GOOD OR MAT]IALLY IMPROV$ ONLY ON CONDITION ?AT !IR NUMB] 9CREASE LESS RAPIDLY ?AN ! CAPITAL DE/9$ = ITS WAGES40 

,NOR FOLL[ IT ) ! REM>K3 

0,MU* ESPECIALLY DEP5DS UPON !IR =ESI<T & SELF-CONTROL AS REG>DS BR++ *ILDR5 9TO ! WORLD4 ,)\T ?IS LATT] VIRTUE EV5 ! FAVORABLE CIRCUM/ANCES W\LD BE SOON TRIFL$ AWAY60 

,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! TOIL] 9/EAD ( REMA9+ A HIREL+ 9 ! 9DU/RIAL =CES1 W\LD NOT ONLY HAVE EV]Y MANLY FACULTY >\S$1 BUT EV]Y OPPORTUNITY GIV5 ?R\< 9CREAS$ DEM& & FULL] REW>D TO RISE TO 9DEP5D5CE4 ,:ILE FREE L& HAS BE5 POSIT$ AS ! FIR/ ELEM5T1 BECAUSE L& IS ! S\RCE ( ALL WEAL?1 IT IS N[ EVID5T ?AT ACCESS TO VACANT L& ALONE W\LD NOT EMANCIPATE LABOR4 ,AS 9 ! REALM ( BIOLOGY ! HI<] WE RISE 9 ! SCALE ( BE+ ! MORE COMPLEX FUNCTIONS BECOME1 SO 9 ,ECONOMICS WE F9D SOCIAL FUNCTIONS MU* MORE COMPLEX 9 EX*ANGE ?AN 9 L& T5URE4 ,WAIV+ DISCUSSION :E!R ABOLITION %\LD PREC$E FROM ! SIMPLE TO ! COMPLEX TO FACILITATE NORMAL GR[?1 IT MAY BE EASILY %[N1 IF NOT ALREADY SE51 ?AT ! MONOPOLY ( EX*ANGE 9VOLV+ ! :OLE DOMA9 ( DI/RIBUTION HAS A MU* MORE DEPRESS+ 9FLU5CE UPON ! REALIZATION ( ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE ?AN L& MONOPOLY4 ,MONOPOLY ( CR$IT C>RIES ) IT PRIVILEG$ CAPITAL1 EXTORTION ( 9T]E/1 ! /RUGGLE = PR(ITS1 ! GREAT] P>T ( ! NECESSITY = TAXATION & ! PRIME CAUSE = LABOR EXPLOITATION4 ,) ABOLITION ( PRIVILEGE H]E ! DESIRE TO MONOPOLIZE L& W\LD BE CURTAIL$4 ,BONANZA E/ATES >E VALUELESS TO !IR HOLD]S SAVE AS RE/RICTION ( ACCESS TO CAPITAL DRIVES NE$Y LABOR TO SELL ITSELF !REON4 ,EV5 IF EMANCIPATION H]E HAD NO REFLEX ACTION UPON L& HOLD+1 9ABILITY N[ POSSESS$ BY CAPITAL TO EXPLOIT W\LD R5D] L& HELD = O!R ?AN USEFUL PURPOSES A MO/ UNDESIRABLE 9VE/M5T4 ,! DIFF]5CE IS AS GREAT AS BETWE5 BROAD DAYLI<T & HAZY TWILI<T4 

,SOCIAL WEAL? & PROSP]ITY W\LD !N BE ATTA9$1 & BY ! ONLY WAY IT EV] CAN BE1 BY ! WEAL? & PROSP]ITY ( ! 9DIVIDUALS :O TOGE!R CON/ITUTE SOCIETY4 ,! 0,DISMAL ,SCI5CE0 W\LD NO LONG] COMPUTE AV]AGES TO %[ ?AT 9 ! PROSP]ITY ( SOME AN AV]AGE WELL-BE+ RESULTS1 BUT 9 ! 9C5TIVE GIV5 TO EX]TION1 9 ! EV]-WID5+ CIRCLE ( WANTS ?AT FRE$OM CAN ALONE CALL =?1 BETAKE ITSELF TO COMPUTATIONS ON ! POSSIBILITIES ( A CIVILIZATION F\ND$ ON 0 ! GREATE/ GOOD TO0 ,A,L,L1 9/EAD ( BE+ ! PHILOSOPHY ( SPECULATION UPON HUMAN MIS=TUNE & MIS]Y1 & ! >T ( EXP\ND+ EXI/+ TEMPOR>Y RELATIONS AS NATURAL LAWS4 

,F9ALLY1 9 ! WORDS ( ,COL4 ,GRE5E3 

0,! EXI/+ BANK REPRODUCES ! >I/OCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS2 IT HAS ITS ,SP>TAN ELEM5T ( PRIVILEG$ /OCKHOLD]S1 ITS ,LACONIAN ELEM5T ( OBSEQUI\S SPECULATORS1 ETC41 ON ! \TSIDE A MULTITUDE ( ,HELOTS :O >E EXCLUD$ FROM ITS ADVANTAGES4 ,ANSW] US1 READ]3 ,IF WE W]E ABLE AT ?IS TIME TO BR+ =W>D ! EXI/+ BANK+ SY/EM AS A NEW ?+1 & %\LD RECOMM5D ITS ADOPTION1 W\LD Y\ NOT LAU< 9 \R FACE & *>ACT]IZE \R PROPOSITION RIDICUL\S8 ,YET ! EXI/+ SY/EM HAS AN ACTUAL & PRACTICAL BE+ 9 SPITE ( ALL ITS IMP]FECTIONS2 NAY1 MORE1 IT IS ! RUL+ ELEM5T ( ! PRES5T CIVILIZATION ( ! ,*RI/IAN WORLD2 IT HAS SUB/ITUT$ ITSELF1 OR IS N[ SUB/ITUT+ ITSELF1 9 ! PLACE ( MON>*IES & NOBILITIES4 ,:O IS ! NOBLE ( ! PRES5T DAY1 IF NOT A MAN :O L5DS ON 9T]E/8 ,:O IS ! EMP]OR IF NOT ,RO?S*ILD8 ,N[1 IF ! PRES5T SY/EM ( BANK+ IS CAPABLE ( EXI/5CE1 H[ MU* MORE CAPABLE ( ACTUAL EXI/5CE IS ! SY/EM ( MUTUAL BANK+8 ,MUTUAL BANK+ COMB9ES ALL ! GOOD ELEM5TS ( ! ME?OD N[ 9 OP]ATION1 & IS CAPABLE ( SECUR+ A ?\S& B5EFITS :I* ! PRES5T ME?OD CANNOT COMPASS1 & IS1 MOREOV]1 FREE FROM ITS DISADVANTAGES6 0 

,I,X4 ,9DU/RIAL ,ECONOMICS 

,BE=E 5T]+ UPON ! APPLICATION ( \R FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES TO \R FIF? DIVISION1 9SURANCE1 OR SECURITY1 ,I DESIRE TO GR\P C]TA9 D$UCTIONS1 BO? CRITICAL & CON/RUCTIVE1 ?AT WE MAY BETT] SEE ! P>AM\NT IMPORTANCE ( FRE$OM 9 9DU/RIAL ECONOMICS4 

#a4 ,D,I,V,I,S,I,O,N ,( ,L,A,B,O,R IS AN \TGR[? ( SOCIAL PROGRESS1 ESS5TIAL TO ! AUGM5TATION ( WEAL?1 ! EVILS 9CID5TAL TO IT BE+ ! RESULT ( EXTRANE\S CAUSES2 & ,ECONOMI/S1 9 SPEAK+ ( LIMITATIONS & DISADVANTAGES ( ?IS SOCIAL LAW1 HAVE %[N !IR 9COMPET5CE TO CLE>LY ANALYZE ! ESS5TIAL FACTORS ( ! 9DU/RIAL PROBLEM4 ,IT IS NOT 9 DIVISION1 BUT 9 ! SUBORD9ATION ( DIVISION TO PRIVILEGE ?AT ! ,ECONOMI/S MAKE ! ]ROR ( ASCRIB+ DISADVANTAGES TO A LAW EVOLV$ 9 SOCIAL GR[?4 ,! ELEM5T ( FRE$OM LACK+ 9 EX*ANGE1 DIVISION CONSEQU5TLY FALLS UND] ! CONTROL ( PR]OGATIVE1 H5CE ! LIMITATIONS & DISADVANTAGES ( :I* ,ECONOMI/S LE>N$LY PRATE4 

#b4 ,M,A,*,9,],Y SOCIALIZES :]E DIVISION ISOLATES4 ,MA*9]Y IS TO ! 9DU/RIAL TOIL] :AT ! MUSKET IS TO ! MILITANT SUPPORT]1 A TOOL BY :I* !IR RESPECTIVE L9ES ( ACTIVITY >E R5D]$ EFFECTIVE4 ,9 ! *EAP5+ ( PRODUCTS1 9 ! ANNIHILATION ( TIME BY ! TELEGRAPH & ( SPACE BY ! RAILWAY1 & ! C\NTLESS FACILITIES TO COM=T ) :I* WE >E SURR\ND$1 WE SEE ! SOCIAL RESULTS ( MA*9]Y4 ,ECONOMI/S NEV] WE>Y ( DWELL+ ON ! B5EFITS ( LABOR SAV$ BY ! USE ( MA*9]Y1 BUT GLOSS OV] ! ACTUAL FACT ?AT A RAPID 9CREASE ( ME*ANICAL APPLIANCES T5DS TO R5D] ! >TISAN A SUP]FLU\S QUANTITY & A M>KETLESS TOOL4 ,UND] NATURAL RELATIONS :ATEV] T5DS TO LESS5 ! EXHAU/IV5ESS ( TOIL & *EAP5 PRODUCTS1 %\LD ALSO R$\ND TO ! DIRECT1 NO LESS ?AN ! 9DIRECT1 B5EFIT ( ! 9DIVIDUAL LABOR]4 ,H]E1 AGA91 WE F9D FRE$OM LACK+ 9 DI/RIBUTION & >E =C$ TO LOOK ELSE:]E = ! S\RCE ( ! RE/RICTIONS TO ASC]TA9 :E!R !Y >ISE FROM NATURAL CAUSES OR >TIFICIAL 9T]F]5CE4 

#c4 ,M,O,N,O,P,O,L,Y HAS BE5 FO/]$ UND] ! DELUSIVE PRETEXT ( PROTECT+ 9DU/RY BY H$G+ 9 A PORTION ( HUMAN ACTIVITY AT ! EXP5SE ( ! RE/2 & AT ! SAME TIME1 AS ZEAL\SLY PROTECT+ ! V]Y RE/RICTIONS ( :I* LABOR COMPLA9S4 ,! OPPOSITE S*OOL1 HAV+ A P>TIAL VIEW ( ! TRU? ?AT ! LAW ( SUPPLY & DEM& CAN ONLY HAVE FULL C\RSE UND] LIB]TY1 & ?AT ALL 9T]F]5CE BUT HAMP]S !IR NATURAL ADAPTATION TO EA* O!R1 /ILL BELIEV$ ?AT !Y W]E CONT5D+ UND] ?AT /&>D :ILE LIMIT+ !IR DEM&S = FRE$OM ( TRADE TO ! MANUFACTUR$ PRODUCT1 AN ]ROR :I* EV5 ,H]B]T ,SP5C] HAS NOT ESCAP$4 ,9 ASS]T+ !ORETICAL LIB]TY = LABOR & CAPITAL1 !Y >E BL9D TO ! FACT ?AT LABOR WAS H&ICAPP$1 9ASMU* AS ! CAPITAL EMPLOY$ WAS ! (FSPR+ ( MONOPOLY4 ,?US !IR FRE$OM ONLY 5T]S 9 AFT] MONOPOLIZ$ PRODUCTION HAS ?R[N ! PRODUCT ON ! M>KET1 & IS NEV] CONCEIV$ AS 5T]+ 9TO RELATIONS PRIOR TO PRODUCTION4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 9 ! PRES5T 0/RA9$ RELATIONS BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR0 WE F9D ! 0FRE$OM ( CONTRACT0 A MEAN+LESS PHRASE1 & PR(ESS$ APO/LES ( LIB]TY1 LIKE ,AMASA ,WALK]1 DELIV]+ !MSELVES AS FOLL[S3 

0,9 RELATION TO CAPITAL & LABOR1 !RE MU/ BE A JU/ PROPORTION ( EA* TO ! MO/ EFFICI5T PRODUCTION1 - SUFFICI5T LABOR = ! CAPITAL1 & CAPITAL = ! LABOR3 SO !RE MU/ BE SUFFICI5T 5T]PRISE1 BUS9ESS TAL5T & TACT TO USE BO?2 & ! SEV]AL P>TIES MU/ BE LEFT TO ACT VOLUNT>ILY2 UND] ! 9/9CTS ( HUMAN NATURE & ! LAWS ( VALUE40_<#d#c_> 

,:E!R LEGALIZATION ( ! L[] 9/9CTS & ! SPECULATIVE LAWS N[ DOM9ANT T5D TO ! HI<] EVOLUTION ( FREE ACTION1 \R APO/LE ( LIB]TY SAYE? NOT4 

#d4 ,C,O,M,P,E,T,I,T,I,O,N IS ! EXACT OPPOSITE1 NOT P>5T ( MONOPOLY4 ,FRE$OM IS ESS5TIAL TO TRUE COMPETITION1 & :]EV] RE/RICTION EXI/S ON ONE SIDE1 IT IMPLIES PRIVILEGE ON ! O!R1 & 9 SO F> COMPETITION CEASES3 MONOPOLY RA!R ?AN COMPETITION N[ EXI/S4 ,9 ! ABROGATION ( PRIVILEGE COMPETITION BECOMES NOT ONLY FREE1 BUT ACTS1 AS ! GOV]NOR ON AN 5G9E1 SELF-REGULATIVE & BR++ CO/ AS ! MEAN ( PRICE4 0,\R FRI5DS1 ! 5EMY10 ! ,SOCIALI/S1 9 FLY+ 9TO A PASSION AT ! M5TION ( COMPETITION BUT !REBY BETRAY !IR [N LOGICAL ADH]5CE TO ! MILITANT CAMP1 = LIB]TY 9CLUDES & IMPLIES FRE$OM TO COMPETE4 

,BUT ?AT CANNOT 9 JU/ICE BE CALL$ A COMPETITIVE SY/EM :]E WAGES >E CON/ANTLY DEPRESS$ AS ) AN IRON H& AS A DEF9ITE RESIDUAL DIVID5D2 & ! DIVORCE BETWE5 LABOR & CAPITAL JU/IFI$ AS CALL+ 9 AN 09DISP5SABLE0 GO-BETWE5 :OSE E>N+S1 OR PR(ITS1 0CON/ITUTE A SPECIAL OR F\R? BRAN* ( ! NATIONAL 9COME1 COORD9ATE ) R5T1 WAGES1 & 9T]E/ ON CAPITAL0 - & HAIL$ AS AN EXT5SION ( FRE$OM4_<#d#d_> 

#e4 ,! ,R,E,A,L ,P,R,O,B,L,E,M IS A F> DEEP] ONE ?AN 5T]S 9TO ! >GUM5TS ( ! ADVOCATES ( PROTECTION & RE/RICTION1 OR ( A PO/-PRODUCTION LIB]TY4 ,IT IS ! SAME AS HAS = C5TURIES PA/ UND]LA9 ALL /RUGGLES 9 SOCIAL PROGRESS & :I*1 LOOK+ BACK OV] ! C5TURIES1 WE F9D RECORD$ AS EV] WON = ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ! WID5+ ( ! SPH]E ( P]SONAL 9ITIATIVE1 ! CONFLICT BETWE5 MILITANT AU?ORITY & P]SONAL LIB]TY4 ,! R5AISSANCE ( M9D FROM S*OLA/IC TYRANNY2 ! REVOLT ( ,LU!R & HIS FOLL[]S AGA9/ M5TAL DICTATION2 ! TEMPOR>Y COMPROMISE 9 RELIGI\S TOL]ATION2 ! 9SURRECTION AGA9/ K+CRAFT LEAD+ 9 ITS TRIUMPH TO ! TOL]ATION ( POLITICAL OP9IONS2 - HAVE N[ LOGICALLY L$ TO AN 9SURRECTION AGA9/ ECONOMIC SUBJECTION TO ! PRIVILEGES USURP$ & HOTLY DEF5D$ BY CAPITAL 9 ITS ALLIANCE ) LABOR1 & CALL+ FROM ?9K]S ( ALL S*OOLS - EV5 FROM ECONOMIC ,HESSIAN ALLIES - ! PR$ICTION ?AT UNLESS AN EQUITABLE ADJU/M5T BE F\ND1 CIVILIZATION MU/ AGA9 GO ?R\< ! P>TURITION PANGS ( REVOLUTION>Y /RIFE & BLOOD%$4 ,BY ONE OR O!R ( !SE ANTAGONI/IC PR9CIPLES MU/ EV]Y PROPOS$ SOLUTION BE TE/$1 & REPOS+ CONFID5TLY ON ! HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T ( PROGRESS1 :]E9 EV5 ! MAN ( G5IUS IS BUT 0! SECRET>Y ( HIS AGE10 _<#d#e_> WE ASS]T ?AT NO ANSW] CAN BE GIV5 TO ! ET]NAL CONFLICT ?AT IS NOT BAS$ UPON FULL FRE$OM TO HUMAN ACTIVITY 3 = FRE$OM DE/ROYS /RIFE BY REMOV+ ITS CAUSE - D5IAL ( FRE$OM4 

,) !SE D$UCTIONS = \R GUIDE WE BEGAN ! SE>* = ECONOMIC LAWS BAS$ UPON JU/ICE1 5LI<T5$ BY WISDOM1 SUPPORT$ BY TRU?1 9 :I* ALONE 9DU/RY CAN F9D ITS GOAL 9 EQUITABLE COOP]ATION4 ,TAK+ !SE1 !RE=E1 AS ! BASIS ( 9DU/RIAL ECONOMICS1 RA!R ?AN LAWS DESCRIB+ MODES ( ACTION UND] 9EQUITABLE CONDITIONS1 WE HAVE BE5 L$ TO DEM& = LABOR3 

#f4 ,F,R,E,E ,L,&1 ?AT LABOR 9 ITS /RUGGLE %ALL NOT =EV] F9D ! S\RCE ( PRODUCTION ! W>D ( MONOPOLY1 & ?US LEFT UPON AS UNEQUAL A FOOT+ TO COMPETE 9 PRODUCTION AS EXI/$ BETWE5 ! SLAVE & HIS MA/]4 ,?AT AS L& IS ! S\RCE ( PRODUCTION ITS REAL1 OR NATURAL1 VALUE LIES 9 ITS USE1 NOT :AT IT WILL BR+ :]E PRIVILEGE EXI/S TO GIVE IT A FICTITI\S VALUE4 ,ONE ( ! EFFECTS ( ?IS W\LD BE ! ELIM9ATION ( R5T AS A NECESS>Y PRELUDE TO OCCUPANCY1 OR A FACTOR 9 ! DI/RIBUTION ( ! %>ES ( PRODUCTION4 ,?AT UND] FRE$OM ( ACCESS TO VACANT L&1 & ! SPR+ IT W\LD GIVE TO PRODUCTION1 LABOR W\LD DET]M9E A JU/] PROPORTIONALITY ( VALUES BETWE5 PRODUCTS1 :]E9 ALONE REAL VALUE EXI/S4 

,WE SEE 9 NATIONALIZATION ( L& BUT A RECURR5CE TO MILITANCY 9 ITS ME?ODS1 & ITS APPLICATION BESET ) MANY FATAL COMPROMISES4 ,MR4 ,GEORGE UTT]LY MI/AKES ! PROBLEM 9 ASS]T+3 

0,?IS ?+ IS ABSOLUTELY C]TA93 ,PRIVATE PROP]TY 9 L& BLOCKS ! WAY ( ADVANC+ CIVILIZATION4 ,! TWO CANNOT LONG CO-EXI/40_<#d#f_> 

,TO ONE :O ACCEPTS AU?ORITY1 RA!R ?AN LIB]TY1 AS A GUID+ PR9CIPLE1 ! CONCLUSION MAY BE NATURAL2 BUT TO ONE :O 5DEAVORS TO SQU>E HIS PR9CIPLES BY ! TE/ ( LIB]TY1 :E!R L& BE CALL$ PRIVATE PROP]TY OR NOT1 AFT] IT HAS CEAS$ TO BE A FACTOR 9 ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION1 IS IMMAT]IAL4 ,LIB]TY CANNOT D5Y ! CALL+ ( ONE'S POSSESSION ( ANY?+ HIS [N4 ,IT IS 9 ! P[] GIV5 BY LEGALIZATION TO HOLD = SPECULATIVE PURPOSES1 NOT P>TICUL> POSSESSION = OCCUPANCY1 ?AT ! DANG] TO CIVILIZATION LIES4 ,WE ALSO SUBMIT ?AT MAK+ IT 0COMMON PROP]TY0 9VOLVES 9VASION ( 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM TO USE1 = IT CAN BE NEI!R SO MADE NOR SO MA9TA9$ EXCEPT BY MILITANT ME?ODS1 :E!R UND] ,GEORGE'S OR ,MO/'S ATTEMPT$ ORGANIZATION ( LIB]TY4_<#d#g_> 

,FUR!R1 ,MR4 ,GEORGE'S S*EME DOES NOT SOLVE ! PROBLEM1 = IT LEAVES CAPITAL /ILL >M$ ) P[] TO EXPLOIT1 :I* HIS S*EME IGNORES1 & :I* W\LD /ILL LEAVE CAPITAL A PREF]R$ BIDD] = L& EV5 UND] S+LE TAX 0DIRECTION40 ,$MUND ,AB\T_<#d#h_> SAYS ?AT ON ,JANU>Y #a1 #a#h#e#a1 IT WAS E/IMAT$ ?AT !RE W]E 9 ,FRANCE #g1#h#d#f1 [N]S ( REAL E/ATE1 \T ( #c#f1 POPULATION1 A PROPORTION ( AB\T #a TO #d #a_/#b 4 ,YET HE ADDS3 

0,\T ( !SE #g1#h#d#f1 PROP]TY [N]S1 #h11 W]E CONSID]$ PAUP]S1 OR SO NE>LY SO AS TO BE EXCUS$ ON ?AT GR\ND FROM P]SONAL TAXATION4 ,IT WAS E/IMAT$ ?AT !RE W]E #f1 :OSE TAX ON PR9CIPAL DID NOT EXCE$ ONE C5T P] ANNUM4 ,?OSE CALCULATIONS W]E 9 #ahea 4 ,! DIVISION ( ! SOIL HAS S9CE GONE /ILL FUR!R40 

,H]E WAS AN EXTRAORD9>Y EXT5SION ( ! RI<T & OPPORTUNITY TO ! POSSESSION ( SOIL :I* DID NOT C>RY ) IT OPPORTUNITY TO FULL USE4 

#g4 ,F,R,E,E WE HAVE SE5 W\LD BREAK ! MONOPOLY N[ POSSESS$ BY CURR5CY1 ! 9/RUM5T ( EX*ANGE1 & ALSO C\LD OP5 FULL USE ( ! POSSESSION ( L&4 ,TO DAY ! SMALL RETAIL DEAL] CANNOT COMPETE ) ! M]*ANT PR9CE 9 ! PUR*ASE ( GOODS1 ANY MORE ?AN ! ME*ANIC :O BUYS HIS COAL BY ! BU%EL 5T]S 9TO COMPETITION ) ONE :O BUYS HIS YE>'S SUPPLY BY ! C>GO4 ,HAS ! WORKMAN EQUAL FRE$OM TO COMPETE ) ! EMPLOY] ( LABOR 8 ,CAN 0H&S0 5T] ! M>KET ON EQUAL T]M ) ! WEAL?Y CONTRACTOR8 ,BUT :Y NOT8 ,BECAUSE BEH9D ! CAPITALI/1 AS WE N[ F9D HIM1 PRIVILEGE L5DS SUPPORT :I* TRANS=MS ! RESULT ( HONE/ 9DU/RY 9TO A HIDE\S ,MOLO* /&+ ) \T/RET*$ >MS TO RECEIVE AS SACRIFICIAL VICTIMS ! TOIL]S :O HAVE MADE ?AT CAPITAL POSSIBLE4 ,! LEGALIZ$ P[] GIV5 TO MONEY DET]M9ES ! DIFF]5CE2 IT MAKES IT MORE ?AN ! M]E 9/RUM5T ( EX*ANGE2 IT BECOMES AN IMPLEM5T ( EXPLOITATION1 HAV+ A FICTITI\S VALUE & CULL+ FROM 9DU/RY TO 9CREASE BY PAYM5T = USE4 ,?US CLAIM+ ?AT 0YE/]DAY'S LABOR0 IS MORE ?AN WEAL? ACQUIR$1 & ?R\< 9T]E/ 5TITL$ TO PR]OGATIVES NOT GRANT$ TO TODAY@&_?6#d#f2S LABOR1 BUT EV5 TAK5 FROM IT4 ,WE ?US SEE ?AT IT IS NOT CAPITAL P] SE ?AT LIB]TY ASSAILS1 BUT ! >TIFICIAL P[] IT USURPS2 ?AT UND] EQUAL FRE$OM1 :]E NO PRIVILEGE EXI/S TO 5TAIL EXPLOITATION1 IT IS AS H>MLESS AS WE HAVE SE5 PRIVATE PROP]TY W\LD BE4 ,CAPITAL ITSELF IS MAN'S BE/ FRI5D1 ! TRUE SOCIAL SAVIOR ?AT OP5S ! M>* ( PROGRESS & ?AT HAS TRANS=M$ SOCIETY FROM W>LIKE TO PEACEFUL PURSUITS4 ,BUT UND] ! CRUCIFY+ H&S ( LEGALIZATION1 :]E PR]OGATIVE MOCKS AT P5URY1 ITS MISSION IS ?W>T$ & IT BECOMES A RAV5\S BEA/4 ,AS ,SATAN IS SAID TO HAVE ONCE BE5 AN ANGEL ( LI<T1 SO1 9 ! D5IAL ( EQUAL FRE$OM TO ! CAPITALIZATION ( ! FRUITS ( LABOR1 CAPITAL HAS BECOME A DEMON ( HELL1 & BEYOND ! P[] ( R$EMPTION BY S+LE-TAX SANCTIFICATION4 

#h4 ,M,U,T,U,A,L ,B,A,N,K,+ WE HAVE SE5 W\LD OP5 ! DOOR = RELIEF4 ,9 ! ABS5CE ( >TIFICIAL RE/RA9T UPON 9DIVIDUAL ACTIVITY1 ?AT EV]Y ONE 9 POSSESSION ( RETURNS = LABOR APPLI$1 5DORS$ BY BUS9ESS CAPACITY OR NOT1 :E!R 9DIVIDUALLY OR BY ASSOCIATION1 C\LD COMM& CR$IT TO ! EXT5T ( !IR HONE/LY ACQUIR$ WEAL?1 OR CONFID5CE 9 !IR PL$GE ( LABOR =CE1 & USE !IR [N LABOR AS A BASIS = 9CREAS$ PRODUCTION4 ,:E!R PRODUCTION W\LD !N BE 9DIVIDUALI/IC OR ASSOCIATIVE - ON :I* PO9T ! AU?OR HAS /RONG CONVICTIONS - W\LD NOT 9 ! LEA/ ALT] ! CASE4 ,FRE$OM TO NORMAL GR[? SECUR$1 ITS NATURAL C\RSE IS A DETAIL :I* W\LD REGULATE ITSELF4 ,! FACT REMA9S ?AT UND] RELEASE FROM COMPULSORY R5T1 & CESSATION ( USURY1 5]GY & CAPACITY W\LD BE MORE ASSIDU\SLY CULTIVAT$ & COMM& GREAT] CONFID5CE ?AN A ,/ATE C]TIFICATE = HONE/Y1 & !REBY CREATE AN AMPLE M$IUM = EX*ANGE BAS$ ON LABOR PRODUCTS4 ,TO D\BT IT IS TO ASS]T ?AT CAPACITY & 5]GY1 TOGE!R ) 9V5TIVE TAL5T1 CAN ONLY G]M9ATE :]E EXHAU/IVE M5TAL OR MANUAL LABOR MO/ EXI/1 & :]E RE/ & RECREATION >E LEA/ KN[N4 

,CR$IT W\LD BE A MATT] ( CONFID5CE 9 BO? SECURITY & *>ACT]1 & *>ACT] W\LD BE AS ESS5TIAL AN ELEM5T !N AS %REWDNESS & CUNN+ >E N[4 0,BUS9ESS0 EMANCIPAT$ FROM 9EQUITABLE CONDITIONS W\LD CONT9UE AS UN9T]RUPT$LY AS UND] ! PRES5T SY/EM ( A MORTGAGE SECURITY ON ! S\RCE ( PRODUCTION :]E LABOR TOILS = ANO!R'S B5EFIT1 & ! B5UMB+ EFFECT ( A ,FRANK5/E9-,/ATE NO LONG] REPRESS 9DIVIDUALITY NOR 9SPIRE ! SUP]/ITI\S ) AWE4 

,X4 ,9SURANCE 7,SECURITY7 

,:]E9 LIES SECURITY 9 ! ABS5CE ( /ATUTE LAW8 ,:AT ASSURANCE IS !RE ?AT ) FULL OPPORTUNITY = LABOR TO EXPLOIT NATURE 9 ORD] TO RECEIVE FULL REW>D1 IT CAN 5JOY IT 9 PEACE & UNMOLE/$8 ,?AT SU* QUE/IONS HAVE >IS5 9 EV]Y PREVI\S TWILI<T P]IOD ( PROGRESSIVE EVOLUTION IS NO ANSW] :]E NEW NE$S & FRE% REQUIREM5TS >E 9VOLV$4 ,LET US1 !N1 FOLL[ \T \R APPLICATION TO ?IS R5EW$ D\BT ( FRE$OM 9 9DU/RIAL RELATIONS4 ,& 9 ?IS CONNECTION1 ! SCOPE ( ?IS WORK NOT P]MITT+ REPLIES TO ALL OBJECTIONS :I* MAY BE URG$ BY MILITANT DEF5D]S1 WE WILL CONSID] ! PROBLEM ( SOCIAL ASSURANCE UND] ! FOLL[+ HEADS3 #a4 ,9C5TIVE2 #b4 TRANSPORTATION2 #c4 UNSKILL$ LABOR2 #d4 P]SONAL SECURITY4 

#a4 ,9,C,5,T,I,V,E4 ,WE HAVE SE5 ?AT L&1 AS ! S\RCE ( PRODUCTION1 IS HELD 9 FEE SIMPLE BY 9DIVIDUALS1 !IR MONOPOLY HAV+ ! SANCTION & AU?ORITY ( GOV]NM5T2 ?AT ! MONOPOLY 9VE/$ 9 ! L&LORD1 HAS NO CLAIM 9 EQUITY1 BUT RE/S UPON SUPPOS$ SOCIAL 9T]E/1 UPON CU/OM1 & ! DIRECT FIAT ( LAW :I* LEGALIZES ! CLAIM & DEF5DS IT FROM ! 5CROA*M5T ( ! DIS9H]IT$1 ?US MAK+ ! 9T]E/S ( MAN SECOND>Y TO ! MY?ICAL 9T]E/S ( AGGREGAT$ M51 VA9LY IMAG9+ ?AT ! WELF>E ( ! 9DIVIDUAL IS ! RESULT RA!R ?AN ! CAUSE ( SOCIAL 9T]E/S4 ,IT W\LD SEEM TO BE A TRUISM TO SAY ?AT ) FRE$OM COMMON WANTS1 AS 9 ALL O!R MATT]S1 W\LD BR+ COMMON SECURITY1 & ?AT TO ! DEM& = SECURITY COOP]ATION W\LD FURNI% AMPLE SUPPLY4 ,!N W\LD BE REALIZ$ ! TRU?S /AT$ BY ,?OMAS ,PA9E3 

0,!RE IS A NATURAL APTNESS 9 MAN1 & MORE SO 9 SOCIETY1 BECAUSE IT EMBRACES A GREAT] V>IETY ( ABILITIES & RES\RCES1 TO ACCOMMODATE ITSELF TO :ATEV] SITUATION IT IS 94 ,! 9/ANT =MAL GOV]NM5T IS ABOLI%$ SOCIETY BEG9S TO ACT1 A G5]AL ASSOCIATION TAKES PLACE1 & COMMON 9T]E/S PRODUCE COMMON SECURITY40 

0,:]E ! RI<TS ( M5 >E EQUAL EV]Y MAN MU/ F9ALLY SEE ! NECESSITY ( PROTECT+ ! RI<TS ( O!RS AS ! MO/ EFFECTUAL SECURITY = HIS [N40 

0,:E!R ! RI<TS ( MAN %ALL BE EQUAL IS NOT A MATT] ( OP9ION1 BUT ( RI<T1 & CONSEQU5TLY ( PR9CIPLE2 = M5 DO NOT HOLD !IR RI<TS AS GRANTS FROM EA* O!R1 BUT EV]Y ONE 9 RI<T ( HIMSELF40 

0,HE ?AT W\LD MAKE HIS [N LIB]TY SECURE MU/ GU>D EV5 HIS [N 5EMY FROM OPPRESSION1 = IF HE VIOLATES ?IS DUTY HE E/ABLI%ES A PREC$5T ?AT WILL REA* TO HIMSELF40_<#d#i_> 

,WE HAVE ALSO SE5 ?AT 9 FRE$OM TO ORGANIZE COOP]ATIVE CR$IT1 ?AT 9 ! REMOVAL ( MONOPOLY N[ CONF]R$ UPON CAPITAL TO MAKE A P>TICUL> =M ( WEAL? ! MEASURE ( ALL VALUE1 ALONE LIES RELIEF1 = )\T IT 9DIVIDUAL ACTIVITY IS CRAMP$1 WEAL? SAV$ IS D5I$ ! RI<T TO CAPITALIZE ITSELF AS WEAL? US$ )\T PAY+ TOLL TO PRIVILEGE4 ,UND] ! RELATIONS :I* ,AN>*Y SEEKS TO 9AUGURATE EV]Y MAT]IAL PRODUC$ BY 9DU/RY W\LD ?R\< MUTUAL CR$IT BECOME ! BASIS = A M$IUM ( EX*ANGE HAV+ SOCIAL VALUE F\ND$ ON LABOR1 RA!R ?AN SPECULATIVE VALUE BAS$ ON COMM& OV] NECESSITIES2 ! BILL ( EX*ANGE W\LD BE G5]ALIZ$1 SECUR$ BY PRODUCTS PL$G$1 & OBTA9+ ACCEPTANCE BY COOP]ATION1 CONNECT+ MEANS ( USE ) OCCUPANCY ( SOIL1 ?US MAK+ CAPITAL ! TOOL ( LABOR4 

,) ! CESSATION ( R5T & 9T]E/ AS 5=C$ EXACTIONS IMPOS$ UPON LABOR1 :I* FRE$OM TO COMPETE IS ALONE 5ABL$ TO ACCOMPLI%1 9/EAD ( BE+ A 0CRIPPLE0 LABOR W\LD /EP =? A H]CULEAN GIANT1 /RONG 9 ITS [N RES\RCES1 9DEP5D5T FROM ALL RE/RICTIONS1 CAPABLE ( 5T]+ UPON ANY 5T]PRISE1 & FREE ?R\< COOP]ATION TO ACCOMPLI% ! MO/ COLOSSAL 5DEAVORS & GIGANTIC UND]TAK+S4 ,9/EAD ( LABOR WAIT+ UPON CAPITAL1 HAT 9 H&1 TO CRAVE P]MISSION TO TOIL1 IT W\LD POSSESS CAPITAL & BE FREE TO APPLY IT 9 :ATEV] DIRECTION IT SAW FIT4 ,9/EAD ( WAIT+ TILL ! EXACTIONS ( R5T1 9T]E/1 & PR(ITS W]E FILL$1 EXACTIONS COMPET+ ) EA* O!R TO R$UCE ! SUM LEFT = LABOR TO ! LEVEL ?AT SLAV]Y BEQUEA!D TO PRODUCTIVE TOIL1 ! REW>D ( 9DU/RY W\LD BE ALL ?AT IT BR\<T 9TO BE+1 & ) EV]Y ADVANCE T[>D COMPET5CE NEW WANTS W\LD >ISE1 NEW DESIRES W\LD SPR+ 9TO EXI/5CE1 GR&] GOALS W\LD LOOM UP = ATTA9M5T1 CONCEPTIONS ( 0RI<TS0 ATTA9 A BROAD] MEAN+1 & L(TI] AIMS & HI<] SOCIAL IDEALS W\LD =M TO CALL \T VA/] COMB9ATIONS ( 9DU/RIAL 5]GY & PRODUCTIVE SKILL TO WR+ FROM PASSIVE NATURE PROSP]ITY & WEAL? 9 :I* ALL MI<T %>E1 & TO DECK NATURE'S BANQUET ) COV]S = EV5 ! WEAKE/ & MO/ DEP5D5T4 ,!N ! POSSESSION ( WEAL? & LUXURY W\LD CAUSE NO 5VY1 = EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES TO NATURAL ABILITIES W\LD LIE OP5 TO /IMULATE ALL4 

,/ILL ! 9C5TIVE IS ! DREADFUL SPOOK :I* HAUNTS EV5 ! M9D ( ! LAISSEZ PASS] ,ECONOMI/ :5 ! MOTIVE = GA9 OV] ! FAILURE ( RIVALS IS REMOV$4 ,HAV+ MADE GRE$ ! SPR+ TO ACTION1 HAV+ LEGALIZ$ SPOLIATION1 ORGANIZ$ =CE TO DEF5D ROBB]Y1 B\ND FRE$OM ( ACTION ) RE/RICTIVE BONDS1 & MADE PRIVILEGE TO EXPLOIT ! SOLE GOAL ( AMBITION1 ! ,RIP ,VAN ,W9KLES ( POLITICAL ECONOMY RAISE !IR EYES FROM !IR L$G]S TO 9QUIRE :]E9 W\LD BE ! 9C5TIVE = !IR SLEEPLESS NI<TS TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OV] A NEI<BOR1 OR TO APPLY !IR TAL5TS TO DEVISE NEW APPLIANCES TO MONOPOLIZE PRODUCTION8 ,H[ MANY ( \R MILLIONAIRES CEASE TO AMASS :5 COMPET5CE IS REA*$8 ,HAS ABILITY TO 5JOY EV] CAUS$ DESIRE TO DECREASE8 ,& H[ C\LD 9C5TIVE BE LO/ :5 OPPORTUNITY TO PRODUCE IS 9CREAS$1 :5 ) EV]Y SUCCESSIVE /EP NEW WANTS W\LD >ISE CALL+ \T NEW ACTIVITY8 ,AS WELL ASSUME ?AT !RE CAN BE NO 9C5TIVE TO ACQUIRE KN[L$GE :5 ! S*OOL IS LEFT BEH9D & ! MA/]'S ROD IS NO LONG] APPLI$6 ,! 9C5TIVE LIES 9 \R NATURES1 & COOP]ATIVE SOCIETIES W\LD AF=D FRUITFUL FIELDS = 9DU/RIAL ACTIVITY1 = 9 EV]Y ADVANCE W\LD BE BORN HI<] WANTS4 ,BUT ANY ATTEMPT TO 9/ITUTE >TIFICIAL REGULATION OV] PRODUCTION1 TO LIMIT ! FREE SCOPE ( 9DIVIDUAL ACTIVITY1 :E!R BY C5TRALIZ+ P[] UND] ! DELUSION ?AT A SOCIAL PROVID5CE MAY BE ?US CREAT$1 OR ! ORGANIZATION ( GR\PS 9 :I* SELF-ELECT$ NE$S RA!R ?AN DE$S BECOME ! GOV]N+ PR9CIPLE ( DI/RIBUTION1 IS A VIOLATION ( LOGICAL D$UCTIONS FROM LIB]TY4 ,FRE$OM TO COOP]ATE IS ! FIR/ DESID]ATUM1 & ?IS C>RIES ) IT ! PRES]VATION ( EV]Y 9C5TIVE TO HEAL?FUL ACTIVITY4 ,& IT MU/ EV] BE REMEMB]$ ?AT COOP]ATION DOES NOT IMPLY 9/ITUT+ CORPORATE ACTION ALONE4 ,P]SONAL 9C5TIVES WEAK5$1 A DI/RIBUT+ AG5CY >ISES1 C5TRALIZATION & BUREAUCRACY RESULT1 & ?OSE UPON :OM WE >E TAU<T TO DEP5D BECOME 9 TIME BO? DONORS & MA/]S4 

,WE MAY1 !RE=E1 CONFID5TLY CONCLUDE ?AT UND] EQUAL FRE$OM SOCIAL ACTIVITY W\LD REVOLUTIONIZE PRODUCTION4 ,) 9DIVIDUAL NE$S SUPPLI$ BY A M9IMUM ( EX]TION1 ! CLAIMS ( FAMILY1 ! NATURAL DESIRE = RE/ 9 DECL9+ YE>S1 ! BROAD5+ ( SOCIAL FEEL+1 & ! HI<] 5JOYM5T UND] DIFFUS$ PROSP]ITY & HAPP9ESS W\LD BR+ \T 5T]PRISE UPON A GR&] SCALE ?AN SYNDICATES HAVE YET CONCEIV$4 ,& AS EA* 9V5TION W\LD LESS5 TOIL1 W\LD DIRECTLY BR+ ?R\< 9CREAS$ SOCIAL B5EFIT RELIEF TO EA* 9DIVIDUAL TOIL]1 W\LD R5D] ! /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE LI<T] UPON ALL1 GREAT] FLI<T W\LD BE GIV5 TO TAL5T1 GREAT] OPPORTUNITY = ITS REALIZATION1 & GREAT] GLORY & PLEASURE 9 A*IEVEM5T4 ,PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION BE+ NO LONG] DET]M9$ BY GRE$1 EQUAL FRE$OM TO COOP]ATE W\LD SUPPRESS POV]TY1 ]ADICATE VISE & CRIME1 & 9AUGURATE A SOCIAL MILL5NIUM TO :I* ! MY? ( P>ADISE W\LD NO MORE COMP>E ?AN ! LI<T ( A TALL[ DIP TO ! BRI<TNESS ( ! NOONDAY SUN4 

#b4 ,T,R,A,N,S,P,O,R,T,A,T,I,O,N4 ,CAN FREE ACTIVITY COPE ) ! PROBLEM ( GIGANTIC SOCIAL 5T]PRISES8 ,SOCIETY BE+ P]MAN5T & GOV]NM5TAL =MS BUT TEMPOR>Y1 W\LD NOT COOP]ATIVE EF=T BECOME ! MORE IMP]ATIVELY NECESS>Y UND] FRE$OM8 ,TO ALL >GUM5TS URG$ = ! EXT5SION ( FRE$OM 9 SOCIAL RELATIONS SKEPTICISM RETORTS3 ,IT MAY DO WELL 5\< = A FACTORY OR A /ORE1 OR EV5 = VILLAGE NE$S1 BUT GOV]NM5T IS NE$$ = 5T]PRISES ( A NATIONAL *>ACT]4 ,& MANY ( ?OSE :O PR(ESS A LIP-S]VICE DEVOTION TO LIB]TY & MO/ >D5TLY DESIRE 9DU/RIAL EMANCIPATION1 /UMBLE OV] ?IS OBJECTION & GIVE ! LIE TO !IR ASSUM$ SYMPA?Y BY VOCIF]\SLY APPEAL+ TO AU?ORITY 9 ! VA9 HOPE ( F9D+ !RE9 SUPPORT = LIB]TY4 ,AN>*Y1 TO W9 APPROVAL1 MU/ %[ ITSELF CAPABLE ( MEET+ & RESOLV+ ALL PROBLEMS ?AT NOT ONLY N[1 BUT UND] A HI<] & MORE COMPLETE CIVILIZATION1 MAY BE SE5 TO >ISE1 & DO SO 9 ACCORDANCE ) PROGRESS & EQUITY4 

,UND] ! PRES5T REGIME ( CAPITALISM ! ALLUREM5T ( PR(ITS 9DUCE .<SIC.> PRIVATE 5T]PRISE 9TO ! MO/ COLOSSAL UND]TAK+S4 ,OCEAN L9ES ( /EAM]S PLY FROM EV]Y PORT1 M\NTA9S >E TUNNEL$1 MILES ( 9T]-/ATE RAILWAYS LAID1 ! CUTT+ ( VA/ %IP CANALS PROJECT$1 TRANS-CONT95TAL RAILWAYS & TELEGRAPHS >E BUILT1 & WE READ ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITAL SEEK+ 9VE/M5T 9 ,*9A & AN ,5GLI% SYNDICATE CONTRACT+ TO BUILD A RAILROAD ACROSS ! GREAT C5TRAL PLATEAU ( ,ASIA ,M9OR1 CONNECT+ ,CON/ANT9OPLE ) ,BA<DAD4 ,!RE=E ! ASSUMPTION ( GOV]NM5TALI/S ?AT PRIVATE 5T]PRISE CANNOT UND]TAKE SU* COLOSSAL WORKS IS UNF\ND$1 & WE >E BR\<T TO ! CONSID]ATION ( ! QUE/ION :E!R UPON ! SUB/ITUTION ( ,AN>*I/ 7FREE7 COOP]ATION = ! PR(ITS SY/EM SUFFICI5T ASSURANCE = ! NECESS>Y \TLAY ( CAPITAL WILL /ILL REMA98 ,\R PSEUDO-SOCIALI/ BE+ ANSW]$ BY ! FACTS1 LET US SEE :E!R ! CONT9UANCE ( ! PR(ITS SY/EM IS ESS5TIAL TO ELICIT SUPPLY TO SOCIAL DEM&4 

,IT HAS BE5 %[N ?AT 9 ! ORGANIZATION ( CR$IT ,AN>*Y 7OR EQUAL FRE$OM7 W\LD 9TRODUCE1 9C5TIVE W\LD NOT BE DE/ROY$4 ,WE HAVE ALSO SE5 ?AT ! ADVANTAGES ( COOP]ATIVE PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE W\LD CONT9UALLY 5L>GE ! B\ND>IES ( SU* JO9T CONCURR5CE ( EF=T4 ,LET US TAKE1 = 9/ANCE1 ! GRA9 EX*ANGE4 ,! NECESSITY = F9D+ A M>KET = SURPLUS GRA9 W\LD NECESS>ILY LEAD 9DEP5D5T BODIES TO ! ORGANIZATION ( SU* A COOP]ATIVE BO>D TO FURNI% AN \TLET = =EIGN SUPPLY1 OR TO F9D !IR EX]TIONS LIMIT$ & GRA9 ROTT+ ON !IR H&S4 ,IF SELF-9T]E/ N[ LEADS F>M]S TO ORGANIZE 9TO NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS & TO AFFILIATE ) LIKE BODIES1 W\LD NOT ! 9DUCEM5T BE AS GREAT UND] L>G] OPPORTUNITIES TO REA* ! M>KET8 ,) ! FACILITY TO CR$IT ?AT ,AN>*Y ALONE AF=DS1 ! SOLID>ITY ( 9T]E/S ( WIDELY SEP>AT$ COMMUNITIES1 & ! URG5T NECESSITIES ( ! CASE PROMPT+ ACTION1 MEANS NECESS>ILY W\LD BE TAK5 TO ADJU/ SUPPLY TO DEM&1 & ! GRA9 EX*ANGE 7OR EX*ANGES7 RISE TO MEET ALL NE$S1 ) A NET WORK ( AFFILIAT$ AG5CIES :]EV] CIRCUM/ANCES MI<T R5D] !M DESIRABLE4 

,NOR IS ?IS BUILD+ SOCIAL ASSURANCE UPON PURELY HYPO!TICAL F\NDATIONS4 ,AN>*Y 9 PO/ULAT+ SELF-9T]E/ AS ! SPR+ ( ACTION1 5DEAVORS TO %[ ?AT CAUSES N[ F\ND SUFFICI5T TO CROSS ! E>? = ! PURPOSE ( EXPLOIT+ PR(ITS FROM 9DU/RY1 W\LD /ILL REMA9 OP]ATIVE TO FUR!R 9DIVIDUAL 9T]E/S :]E GRE$ DID NOT 5T]1 = :ATEV] FUR!R$ 9DIVIDUAL 9T]E/S W\LD NECESS>ILY BE REFLECT$ 9 ?AT ( ! ASSOCIATION :I* !SE F>M]S EI!R CONJO9TLY CON/ITUTE OR MUTUALLY EMPLOY4 ,?IS IS BUT A S+LE ILLU/RATION & CAN BE EXT5D$ TO ANY O!R BRAN* ( PRODUCTION4 ,WE MU/ REMEMB] !SE FACTS3 FRE$OM TO ! ORGANIZATION ( MUTUAL CR$IT W\LD EMANCIPATE F>M] & >TISAN ALIKE FROM ! DOM9ATION ( CAPITAL 9 ! EXACTION ( 9T]E/4 ,9 ! FACILITY TO ! CAPITALIZATION ( ALL WEAL? PRODUCTION W\LD BE RELEAS$ FROM ! RE/RICTIONS :I* N[ CLOG & HAMP] IT4 ,9 ?IS 9DEF9ITE EXT5SION ( PRODUCTIVE P[] AN 5L>GEM5T ( JO9T ACTION W\LD NECESS>ILY RESULT TO GIVE SOCIAL ASSURANCE 9 ! ABS5CE ( PAT]NALISM4 ,AS LABOR RECEIVES ! FULL REW>D ( ITS EX]TION1 AN 9CREASE ( COOP]ATIVE EF=T BR+S 9CREAS$ MULTIPLICITY ( PRODUCTS4 ,ONE ( ! GR[+ WANTS ( ! EMANCIPAT$ PRODUC]S W\LD BE TO UTILIZE !IR CAPITAL T[>D FACILITAT+ WID] EX*ANGE4 ,! DEM& W\LD EXI/1 ! MEANS TO REALIZE ! DEM& W\LD BE PRES5T1 ! 5L>GEM5T ( ! SCOPE ( COOP]ATION W\LD FURNI% ! ME?OD1 & :Y %\LD NOT ! SUPPLY BE =?COM+ AS WELL UND] FRE$OM AS ?R\< >TIFICIAL 9T]F]5CE ( C5TRALIZ$ ORGANIZATION BY GOV]NM5TAL 0DIRECTION08 

,WE >E SO MU* 9 ! HABIT ( C>RY+ ! CONDITIONS ( TODAY ) US OV] 9TO \R CONCEPTIONS ( TOMORR[1 ?AT WE >E APT TO ASSOCIATE ) ! WORD COOP]ATION M]ELY COMB9ATION = LOCAL RESULTS4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 9 ! ABS5CE ( M$DL+ 9T]F]5CE BY POLITICS 9 ECONOMICS ! SOLID>ITY ( 9T]E/S BETWE5 K9DR$ BODIES W\LD LEAD TO ! EXT5SION ( CR$IT AFFILIATION BETWE5 !M4 ,?US WE MAY READILY CONCEIVE ( ! V>I\S 9DU/RIES 5GAG$ 9 ! MANUFACTURE ( IRON PRODUCTS AFFILIAT+ TOGE!R TILL ! IRON 9DU/RY W\LD EMBRACE ALL BRAN*ES FROM ! M9+ ( ! ORE TO ! DI/RIBUTION ( F\NDRY PRODUCTS4 ,BUT W\LD NOT ?IS BE GOV]NM5T8 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT W\LD BE SOCIAL ADM9I/RATION2 9/EAD ( PROVID+ 0DIRECTION0 = PRODUCTION1 IT W\LD SEEK MEANS TO FUR!R DI/RIBUTION1 A RADICAL DIFF]5CE4 ,ITS SPH]E W\LD BE LIMIT$ TO ?AT 9DU/RY ALONE AS DI/RIBUT+ AG5CIES & HAV+ NO CONNECTION ) A LIKE AFFILIATION ( 9T]E/S 9 ! BUILD+ TRADES1 = EXAMPLE4 ,NOR DOES IT FOLL[ ?AT !RE NE$ BE BUT ONE SU*2 EV5TS W\LD DET]M9E ALL SU* DETAILS )\T 9/ITUT+ 0DIRECTION40 

,! NECESSITY = DI/RIBUTION >IS+ FROM 9CREAS$ PRODUCTION1 ! ADVANTAGES RESULT+ FROM 5L>G+ ! B\ND>IES ( COOP]ATIVE FUNCTIONS1 ! FACILITY ) :I* CAPITAL C\LD BE DIRECT$ TO OP5+ TRANSPORTATION1 & ! C5TRALIZATION ( FUNCTIONS EXT5D+ \TW>D & UPW>D FROM ! SOCIAL UNIT TO ! SEV]AL BO>DS ( ADM9I/RATION1 W\LD ALL COMB9E TO R5D] PRACTICABLE ANY WORK ?AT W\LD CONDUCE TO 0! BETT] >RANGEM5T ( ! SOCIAL RELATIONS ( MANK9D ?AN ?AT :I* HAS HI!RTO PREVAIL$10 AS ,WEB/] DEF9ES ,SOCIALISM1 & TO :I* ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE ASPIRES4 ,NOT ALONE 9 TRANSPORTATION W\LD ?IS BE SE51 BUT 9 DRA9+ ( SWAMPS1 ! IRRIGATION ( B>R5 L&S1 ! F]TILIZATION ( DES]T WA/ES1 & 9 O!R WAYS BEYOND ! P[] ( GOV]NM5TS OR PRIVILEG$ SYNDICATES TO A*IEVE4 ,AN>*Y ASKS BUT ONE PR$ICATE - GIV5 EQUAL FRE$OM1 & IT WILL TRANS=M ! WORLD 9TO A P>ADISE TRANSC5D+ ANY ?AT MY? EV] CONCEIV$4 

#c4 ,U,N,S,K,I,L,L,$ ,L,A,B,O,R4 0,AN UTOPIAN DREAM10 SAID C>D9AL-M9I/]S :5 ! EQUAL RI<T TO PRIVATE JUDGM5T WAS ASS]T$ 9 ! REALM ( *UR* AU?ORITY1 & SMIL$ CONTEMPTU\SLY AS ! POOR H]ETICS W]E L$ TO ! /AKE OR ! RACK4 

0,AN UTOPIAN DREAM10 SAID NOBLE PROTE/ANT M9I/]S :5 LIB]TY ( *OICE WAS ASS]T$ 9 ! REALM ( ROYAL AU?ORITY 2 & !IR NOBLE C\NT5ANCES ASSUM$ A /]N] GLANCE AS PATRIOTS W]E BUT*]$ TO MA9TA9 TYRANNY4 

0,AN UTOPIAN DREAM10 REPEAT REPUBLICAN (FICE-HOLD]S :5 FRE$OM ( CONTRACT IS ASS]T$ PRIOR TO PRODUCTION1 & !Y FANCY !Y SIT MORE SECURELY 9 !IR UPHOL/]$ *AIRS AS SOCIAL H]ETICS >E S5T TO ! SCAFFOLD OR ! DUNGEON4 

,YET LIB]TY 9 SOCIAL RELATIONS /ILL ASS]TS ITSELF AGA9/ ALL FOES1 :E!R OP5LY ESP\S+ CO]CIVE MEASURES OR TACITLY DO+ SO UND] ! GUISE ( PSEUDO-SOCIALISM4 

,WE HAVE SE51 & ! REPETITION IS P]MISSIBLE1 ?AT 9DU/RIAL EMANCIPATION LIES 9 ! FRE$OM ( L& & LABOR - FRE$OM ( ACCESS TO ! S\RCE ( PRODUCTION1 FRE$OM TO ACQUIRE ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 FRE$OM UND] EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES TO ESCAPE FROM WAGE-?RALLDOM4 ,WE HAVE SE5 H[ ! F>M] W\LD NATURALLY ADJU/ HIS ACTIVITIES TO NATURAL SOCIAL CONDITIONS2 H[ ! SKILL$ >TISAN C\LD A*IEVE WEAL? & EASE ?R\< COOP]ATION4 ,! DAY LABOR] REMA9S TO TORM5T ! M9D ( SKEPTICS 9 ! REALIZATION ( ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE4 ,GRANT$ ?AT L& & LABOR W]E EMANCIPAT$1 = 9DU/RIALISM 9VOLVES EMANCIPATION1 !N IT FOLL[S !SE CONCLUSIONS NECESS>ILY RESULT3 #a4 ,IT MU/ (F] MEANS TO LABOR TO UTILIZE L&4 #b4 ,ALL :O LOVE LIB]TY MU/ APPROVE ! FULLE/ EXT5SION ( 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM4 #c4 ,?AT COOP]ATION LOGICALLY RESULTS FROM 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM4 #d4 ,?AT POLITICS W\LD BE LO/ 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( FULL] 9DIVIDUALITY4 #e4 ,?AT GOV]NM5T W\LD DISAPPE> 9TO VOLUNT>Y SOCIAL ADM9I/RATION4 #f4 ,?AT PRODUCTION W\LD BE ! PROV9CE ( FREE1 AUTONOM\S ASSOCIATIONS4 #g4 ,?AT ! F>M] W\LD F9D SELF-9T]E/ & LEISURE FUR!R$ 9 COOP]ATIVE DI/RIBUTION4 #h4 ,?AT SUPPLY = DEM& = PUBLIC WORKS W\LD BE FACILITAT$4 #i4 ,?AT 9DIVIDUALITY W\LD ?US BE 5HANC$ UND] SOCIAL BAPTISM4 #a4 ,?AT MORALITY SPR+S FROM1 & 9CREASES )1 SOCIALITY4 #a#a4 ,?AT $UCATION W\LD !N HAVE GREAT] SCOPE TO OBLIT]ATE IGNORANCE & VISE1 & UNITE 9TELLIG5CE ) LABOR4 #a#b4 ,?AT SECURITY IS A FUNCTION ( 9SURANCE4 

,BUT IT MAY /ILL BE ASK$ WILL NOT IMMIGRATION BR+ IGNORANT LABOR]S & DISAGREEABLE TASKS FURNI% !M EMPLOYM5T1 ?US AGA9 HAV+ A P>IAH CA/E8 ,9 BRIEF1 :O WILL DIG DIT*ES & CLEAN SEW]S8 ,WAIV+ DISCUSSION ( ! D\BT :E!R IMMIGRATION W\LD T5D TO FL[ TO SU* PROSPECTS1 WE WILL APPROA* ! PROBLEM :E!R !RE IS SOCIAL ASSURANCE ?AT DISAGREEABLE LABOR WILL BE P]=M$4 

,:5 ! PRODUC] HAS ALL HE PRODUCES UND] EQUITABLE DI/RIBUTION1 :5 ALL ! NECESS>Y \TLAY TO FACILITATE EX*ANGE WILL BE LIMIT$ TO ! ONE ITEM1 CO/1 ! BOTTOM DROPS \T ( ! WAGE-SY/EM AS AN 5=C$ CONDITION2 EMPLOYES W\LD BE MA9LY COOP]ATORS4 ,BUT IT DOES NOT FOLL[ ?AT !RE W\LD BE NO WAGES PAID = S]VICES1 = UND\BT$LY IT WILL ALWAYS EXI/4 ,! ABOLITION ( ! WAGE-SY/EM IS ! REMOVAL ( ! CAUSES :I* R5D] IT BO? A NECESS>Y & A SUBS]VI5T CONDITION1 AS ! 9TRODUCTION ( SUP]IOR FACILITIES = LI<T MAY BE SAID TO HAVE ABOLI%$ C&LES & P9E KNOTS4 ,AS !RE IS NO G5]AL 9DUCEM5T N[ TO RETURN TO ! TALL[ DIP = LI<T1 WILL !RE BE 9DUCEM5T !N TO UND]TAKE DISAGREEABLE LABOR8 ,& H]E IT MAY BE WELL TO CALL ATT5TION TO ! MILITANT S*EME PROPOS$ BY ,BELLAMY1 9 :I* COMPULSORY 5LI/M5T IS RELI$ UPON TO ASSURE SOCIETY ?AT DIGG+ DIT*ES1 CLEAN+ SEW]S1 DOME/IC S]VICE & O!R DISAGREEABLE LABOR IS GU>ANTE$4 ,:ILE ?OSE 0LOOK+ BACKW>D0 TO ,SP>TA & ,P]U = SOCIAL MODELS MAY APPROVE SU* ME?ODS1 SUBJECT TO DRAFT = NEW REQUIREM5TS1 0COMPULSORY UPON ALL10 ,AN>*I/S CALMLY RELY UPON ! LAW ( EQUAL FRE$OM TO MEET ALL SOCIAL DEM&S4 ,H[ ,AN>*Y WILL ASSURE ! P]=MANCE ( DISAGREEABLE LABOR WE WILL N[ SEE4 

,UND] EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES1 :]E WEAL? SAV$ CAN BE CAPITALIZ$ = PRODUCTION FREELY1 :]E R5T & 9T]E/ >E ELIM9AT$ FROM DI/RIBUTION BY MUTUAL EX*ANGE :I* LOGICALLY SUB/ITUTES CO/ AS ! MEAN LIMIT ( PRICE = PR(ITS1 :]E TAXATION W\LD 5T] 9TO CO/ AS AN ELEM5T ( MUTUAL 9SURANCE1 LABOR EXP5D$ W\LD DET]M9E PRICE4 ,& AS UND] \R PREMISE ( EQUAL FRE$OM COOP]ATION W\LD NATURALLY >ISE & SOCIAL RELATIONS ADJU/ !MSELVES TO !IR NEW 5VIRONM5T1 SO ! REW>D = LABOR C\LD NOT BE >TIFICIALLY FIX$ AT TIME 5GAG$1 BUT MU/ COV] REPUGNANCE OV]COME4 ,US+ ! WORD WAGES 9 ITS ECONOMIC S5SE AS REW>D = S]VICE P]=M$1 SU* REW>D1 OR WAGES1 W\LD EVID5TLY BE MEASUR$ BY ! AM\NT SUFFICI5T TO OV]COME REPUGNANCE4 ,& ?IS1 IT WILL BE SE51 IS /RICTLY 9 ACCORD ) \R DEF9ITION ( VALUE3 PROPORTIONALITY BETWE5 PRODUCTS4 ,M9+1 = 9/ANCE1 9VOLV+ BO? DANG] & H>D%IP1 MU/ PRES5T 9DUCEM5T TO ATTRACT LABOR FROM LI<T] EMPLOYM5T4 ,! DEM& UND] EQUAL FRE$OM W\LD DET]M9E SUPPLY1 & ! MORE DISAGREEABLE LABOR (F] A HI<] REW>D ?AN PLEASANT] OCCUPATIONS4 ,PRICES1 LIKE WAT]1 9 ! ABS5CE ( 9T]F]5CE W\LD GRAVITATE TO A LEVEL1 & FOLL[+ ! L9ES ( LEA/ RESI/ANCE DEM& DRAW \T AMPLE SUPPLY4 

,BUT :ILE M9+ C\LD BE EASILY COOP]ATIVE H[ C\LD DIT*+ & SEW] CLEAN+ BE P]=M$8 ,MU/ EV]Y ONE DIG & CLEAN HIS [N SEW]S8 ,:ILE !RE IS NOT MU* DANG] ?AT 9 A FREE COMMUNITY MU* DIFFICULTY NE$ BE EXP]I5C$ 9 SECUR+ ! P]=MANCE ( REPUGNANT LABOR1 LET US ABIDE BY \R PO/ULATE ( SELF 9T]E/ & SEE IF ?AT ALONE IS NOT ALL-SUFFICI5T4 ,AS ! MILLIONAIRE N[ W\LD GIVE ANY PRICE1 IF NECESS>Y1 = ! P]=MANCE ( SU* LABOR1 SO IT IS LIKELY ?AT !RE W\LD BE MANY TASKS 9 A FREE COMMUNITY :I* W\LD CALL = SPECIAL 9DUCEM5TS TO HAVE P]=M$4 

,REMEMB] ?AT ! DESIR$ 0ABOLITION ( ! WAGE-SY/EM0 IS BUT = ! CESSATION ( CONDITIONS :I* CONF9E PRODUCTIVE LABOR TO ?AT SY/EM1 & IF HIR+ LABOR REMA9S1 & !RE IS NO REASON :Y IT %\LD NOT1 ! SUM PAID MU/ PRES5T GREAT] 9DUCEM5TS ?AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES TO SELF-LABOR PRES5TS4 ,= 9/ANCE1 9SURANCE MAY REQUIRE A CORPS ( WAT*M51 :E!R = FIRE OR DEPR$ATION WILL BE DET]M9$ BY DEM&1 & :E!R !Y W]E FURNI%$ BY SELECTION FROM ! COOP]ATORS1 OR HIR$ BY PRIVATE 5T]PRISE1 IS A DETAIL :I* MU/ SETTLE ITSELF4 ,5\< TO SAY ?AT ?AT :I* PROV$ MO/ ADVANTAGE\S W\LD BE ADOPT$4 ,CO/ ! MEAN ( PRICE APPLIES H]E AS WELL AS 9 ! EX*ANGE ( PRODUCTS4 ,IF BY PRIVATE 5T]PRISE ! WAGES (F]$ MU/1 NECESS>ILY1 BE SUFFICI5T TO PRES5T 9DUCEM5T TO SU* S]VICE1 & ! SUCCESS ( SU* 5T]PRISE DEP5D5T UPON ITS P]=M+ ! SPECIAL FUNCTION = :I* IT WAS CREAT$ BETT] & *EAP] ?AN ! COOP]ATORS W\LD C>E TO DO1 :I* W\LD CON/ITUTE ITS RECOMM5DATION TO ! COOP]ATION ( G5]AL PATRONAGE4 

,SO ) SEW]S1 ETC42 !RE MU/ BE AN EQUIVAL5CE BETWE5 BO? 9T5SITY & REPUGNANCE ( ! S]VICE REQUIR$ & ! AGREEABL5ESS ( ! REW>D1 & DISAGREEABLE MANUAL LABOR W\LD COMM& ! HI<E/ PECUNI>Y ATTRACTION2 & ?IS NATURALLY )\T A BO>D TO REGULATE ATTRACTION4 ,REMEMB] ?AT ,AN>*Y1 OR FRE$OM TO CONTRACT1 DOES NOT SEEK TO REGULATE1 OR 9/ITUTE ANY SY/EM :ATEV]4 ,FROM ITS PREMISE - GIV5 EQUAL FRE$OM1 !RE WILL NECESS>ILY RESULT COOP]ATION 9 ALL MATT]S :]E 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE FAILS1 & :]E ORGANIZ$ COOP]ATION FAILS TO PRES5T 9DUCEM5TS1 SELF-9T]E/ WILL LEAD TO ! HI<E/ PECUNI>Y REW>D NECESS>Y TO OV]COME REPUGNANCE4 ,IF IT FAIL$ TO ELICIT EMPLOY1 PRIVATE 5T]PRISE MI<T1 BUT ONLY BY (F]+ MORE ?AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES (F]$ TO SELF4 

,9/EAD ( UNSKILL$ LABOR PRES5T+ ! NUCLEUS ( A L[] CLASS TO S9K 9TO ! MIRE ( POV]TY1 A FREE SOCIETY W\LD FURNI% 9C5TIVE TO LIFT IT \T ( DEP5D5CE 9TO SELF-RELIANCE4 ,:]E DISAGREEABLE TASKS PRES5T$ ! HI<E/ REW>D = EX]TION1 SOCIAL B5EFITS 9/EAD ( SL[LY P]COLAT+ D[NW>D ?R\< CLASS /RATAS1 W\LD BE E/ABLI%$ 9 ! HE>T TO FL[ \TW>D 9 EV]Y VE9 & >T]Y1 9VIGORAT+ EV]Y ORGAN1 & DIFFUS+ ?R\<\T ! :OLE ORGANISM ( SOCIETY ! G5IAL GL[ ( SOCIAL ASSURANCE4 

#d4 ,P,],S,O,N,A,L ,S,E,C,U,R,I,T,Y4 ,?\< TO ! ?9K]1 :OSE BELIEF 9 9DU/RIAL EVOLUTION IS NOT %AK5 BY MILITANT SOPHISMS1 ! QUE/ION ( SECURITY AGA9/ DEPR$ATION UND] EQUAL FRE$OM IS BUT A QUE/ION ( DEM& & SUPPLY1 & IS NO MORE AL>M+ ?AN ! FACT ?AT WAT] LILIES MAY GR[ 9 A LAKE :I* FURNI%ES A CITY ) WAT]2 /ILL SO IMPORTANT DOES ! D\BT APPE> TO MILITANT ADMIR]S1 REACTIONI/S EI!R AV[$ OR MASQU]AD+ AS TWILI<T RE=M]S1 ?AT IT MAY BE CONSID]$4 

,! TYPICAL FREE TRAD] IS L\D 9 HIS PRAISE ( ! BLESS+S ( LIB]TY2 HE PA9TS 9 RADIANT HUES ! SOCIAL ADVANTAGES :]E >TIFICIAL 9T]F]5CE 9T]POSES NO *ECK TO EX*ANGE3 & AFT] GIV+ A BRIEF \TL9E ( ! DIVISIONS ( PRODUCTION AS >TIFICIALLY 9/ITUT$1 LAUN*ES =? 9TO A DISCUSSION ( ! LAWS GOV]N+ DI/RIBUTION & CONSUMPTION AS ! MA9 PROV9CE ( ,ECONOMICS4 ,9 PRODUCTION LIB]TY ( CONTRACT BETWE5 LABOR & CAPITAL IS ASSUM$2 LIB]TY 9 ! EX*ANGE ( PRODUCTS IS ! BURD5 ( ! SONG1 NOT LIB]TY = LABOR 9 ! CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION4 ,YET PRIOR TO PRODUCTION R5T1 9T]E/1 PR(ITS1 & TAXATION UNITE TO SUBJECT LABOR TO CAPITAL1 & ALL SEEK TO F9D 9 GOV]NM5T AU?ORITATIVE SANCTION = !SE EXACTIONS4 ,HAS LABOR ANY SECURITY :]E !SE ROBB] CLAIMS COMPETE ) EA* O!R TO SECURE ALL SAVE :AT WILL SUFFICE TO SUPPORT LIFE 9 ! LABOR]8 ,HAS IT ANY SECURITY ?AT ! BOON ( TOIL WILL NOT BE )DRAWN8 ,:AT COMPANY W\LD D>E 9SURE Y\ AGA9/ LOSS ( EMPLOYM5T8 

,/ILL ! ,AN>*I/1 ?\< )\T SECURITY = HIS [N FUTURE1 NOT KN[+ H[ SOON HE MAY BECOME ONE ( ! 0SUP]FLU\S0 = :OM 0NATURE HAS NO COV] LAID AT H] BANQUET10_<#e_> IS CALL$ UPON TO PROVIDE SECURITY = ?AT MY?ICAL QUANTITY1 0SOCIAL 9T]E/S40 ,YET IT IS PRECISELY BECAUSE ! TOIL] HAS FELT ! WANT ( SECURITY ?AT HE HAS BECOME CONV9C$ ?AT UND] EQUAL FRE$OM ! DEM& WILL CALL \T AMPLE SUPPLY = ALL )\T 5TAIL+ 9JU/ICE UPON ANY4 ,BUT \R FREE TRAD] DOES MAKE A RES]VATION AGA9/ FULL LIB]TY4 ,?US ,AMASA ,WALK]3 

0,ALL LIMITATIONS UPON ! RI<TS OR P[]S ( CAPITAL OR LABOR NOT REQUIR$ BY ! PUBLIC MORALITY OR SECURITY >E USELESS & MIS*IEV\S40_<#e#a_> 

,:AT IS PUBLIC SECURITY8 ,IF ?AT /ATE ( EQUAL FRE$OM ,AN>*Y SEEKS TO U%] 9 PROVIDES = ! SECURITY ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL1 WILL NOT PUBLIC SECURITY RESULT8 ,CAN PUBLIC SECURITY BE MORE EFFECTUALLY GA9$ ?AN 9 ?AT SECURITY EA* FEELS UND] EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES 9 ! FULL 5JOYM5T ( ! FRUITS ( 9DU/RY8 

,9 ! PREC$+ PAGES WE HAVE CONSID]$1 AS F> AS ! SCOPE GIV5 WILL W>RANT1 ! MANN] 9 :I* SOCIAL REORGANIZATION UND] 9DU/RIALISM W\LD DISPLACE ! LEE*ES :I* N[ HANG UPON 9DU/RY & :I* >E PRODUCTIVE ONLY ( VISE1 CRIME1 & MIS]Y4 ,WE HAVE SE5 ?AT REMOVAL ( RE/RICTIONS HAS EV] L$ TO SUPPLY MEET+ DEM& ) AS UNFAIL+ REGUL>ITY AS WAT] RUNS D[N HILL4 ,UND] EQUAL FRE$OM :]EV] DEM& EXI/S SUPPLY NECESS>ILY WILL BE =?COM+1 & GU>ANTEES = SECURITY WILL >ISE AS EASY AS GU>ANTEES = POLIT5ESS 9 ! BALL-ROOM OR P>LOR4 

,UND] EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES :]EV] MANK9D >E ?R[N UPON !IR [N RES\RCES1 :5 BE+ F$ FROM A SPOON BY GOV]NM5T PAP %ALL HAVE BECOME A TRADITION>Y TALE ( A PA/ SUP]/ITION1 :AT IS !RE 9 ! P[] ( ACTIVITY ?AT COOP]ATIVE 5T]PRISE CANNOT UND]TAKE8 ,WE N[ SEE ON EV]Y H& A ?\S& 9/ANCES ( VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION TO ATTA9 C]TA9 OBJECTS4 ,MANY SU* DEEM$ IMPRACTICABLE A FEW C5TURIES S9CE >E COMMONPLACES TODAY4 ,:O WILL SAY ! LIMIT HAS BE5 REA*$8 ,EV5 9 FUNCTIONS GOV]NM5T ASSUMES AS NECESS>Y WE F9D VOLUNT>Y MILITIA & HOMEGU>DS2 FIRE DEP>TM5TS 9 MANY PLACES 9 :I* ALL MEMB]S RISK !IR LIVES & TURN \T 9 ALL WEA!R TO R5D] ! LIVES & PROP]TY ( !IR NEI<BORS SECURE2 ASSOCIATIONS ( PRIVATE WAT*M5 :O F9D SUPPORT EV5 ?\< !IR PATRONS PAY TAXES = MUNICIPAL POLICE PROTECTION2 A FIRE PATROL 9 ! 9T]E/S ( 9SURANCE COMPANIES TO PROTECT PROP]TY FROM DE/RUCTION4 ,!SE >E 9/ANCES ( COOP]ATION APPLI$ TO GU>ANTEE+ SECURITY1 ( SUPPLY SEEK+ DEM& )\T DIFFICULTY OR FRICTION1 A DEM& BY NO MEANS DEP5D5T UPON LEGALIZATION1 BUT SUPPLEM5T+ ITS DEFICI5CIES4 

,ALL RELATIONS UND] EQUAL FRE$OM WILL T5D TO BECOME ASSOCIATIVE :5 & :]E IT IS SE5 TO BE MO/ EFFECTIVE4 ,FRE$OM = ! 9DIVIDUAL CANNOT BE CON/RU$ 9TO COMPULSORY ISOLATION4 ,AS AN 9/ANCE ( H[ MUTUALLY FELT WANTS MAY BE MET LET US TAKE AN 9/ANCE 9 MUTUAL 9SURANCE4 ,PR(4 ,$W>D ,ATK9SON _<#e#b_> IS PRESID5T ( AN 9SURANCE COMPANY 9 ,NEW ,5GL& :I* IS ?US DESCRIB$ 9 ! COLUMNS ( 0,LIB]TY03 

0,HE IS PRESID5T ( AN 9SURANCE COMPANY DO+ BUS9ESS ON A PR9CIPLE :I*1 IF IT %\LD BE ADOPT$ 9 ! BANK+ BUS9ESS1 W\LD DO MORE TO ABOLI% POV]TY ?AN ALL ! NO/RUMS IMAG9$ OR IMAG9ABLE1 9CLUD+ ! TAXATION ( L& VALUES4 ,?IS PR9CIPLE IS ! MUTUALI/IC1 OR CO/1 PR9CIPLE4 

0,SOME TIME AGO A NUMB] ( MILL-[N]S DECID$ ?AT !Y W\LD PAY NO MORE PR(ITS TO 9SURANCE COMPANIES1 9ASMU* AS !Y C\LD 9SURE !MSELVES MU* MORE ADVANTAGE\SLY4 ,SO !Y =M$ A COMPANY ( !IR [N1 9TO ! TREASURY ( :I* EA* MILL PAYS ANNUALLY A SUM PROPORTIONAL TO ! AM\NT = :I* IT WI%ES TO 9SURE1 RECEIV+ IT BACK AT ! 5D ( ! YE> M9US ITS PROPORTION ( ! YE>'S LOSSES BY FIRE PAID BY ! COMPANY & ! CO/ ( MA9TA9+ ! COMPANY4 ,IT IS OBVI\S BY ! ADOPTION ( ?IS PLAN ! MILLS W\LD HAVE SAV$ L>GELY1 EV5 IF FIRES HAD CONT9U$ TO OCCUR 9 !M AS FREQU5TLY AS BE=E4 ,BUT ?IS IS NOT ALL4 ,BY MUTUAL AGREEM5T ! MILLS PLACE !MSELVES1 SO F> AS PROTECTION AGA9/ FIRE IS CONC]N$1 UND] ! SUP]VISION ( ! 9SURANCE COMPANY1 :I* KEEPS 9SPECTORS TO SEE ?AT EA* MILL AVAILS ITSELF ( ! BE/ MEANS ( PREV5T+ & EXT+UI%+ FIRE & USES ! UTMO/ C>E 9 ! MATT]4 ,AS A CONSEQU5CE ! NUMB] ( FIRES & ! AGGREGATE DAMAGE CAUS$ !REBY HAS BE5 R$UC$ 9 A DEGREE ?AT W\LD SC>CELY BE CR$IT$1 ! CO/ ( 9SURANCE TO !SE MILLS IS N[ NEXT TO NO?+1 & ?IS CO/ MI<T BE R$UC$ /ILL FUR!R BY CUTT+ D[N AN 5ORM\S SAL>Y PAID TO ,MR4 ,ATK9SON = S]VICES :I* NOT A FEW P]SONS MORE 9DU/RI\S & CAPABLE ?AN HE >E READY TO P]=M = LESS MONEY4 

0,MOREOV]1 IT IS ! HEI<T ( /UPIDITY = ANY *AMPION ( LABOR TO SLUR ?IS 9SURANCE COMPANY1 = IT CONTA9S 9 G]M ! SOLUTION ( ! LABOR QUE/ION4 ,:5 WORK+ M5 & BUS9ESS M5 >E ALL[$ TO ORGANIZE !IR CR$IT AS !SE MILL-[N]S HAVE ORGANIZ$ !IR 9SURANCE1 ! =M] WILL PAY NO MORE TRIBUTE TO ! CR$IT MONG] ?AN ! LATT] PAY TO ! 9SURANCE MONG]1 & ! ONE CLASS WILL BE AS SAFE FROM BANKRUPTCY AS ! O!R IS FROM FIRE40 

,:AT IS EV5 N[ DONE BY WEAL?Y MILL-[N]S MAY BE DONE BY ALL :5 EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES TO EXPLOIT NATURE %ALL HAVE REMOV$ SPECIAL PRIVILEGES TO EXPLOIT FELL[ M51 :5 COOP]ATION 9 ALL NE$$ RELATIONS LIE .<SIC.> OP5 BE=E US & LABOR 5JOYS ITS FULL1 JU/ %>E ( ! WEAL?1 OR VALUES1 IT CREATES4 ,) ITS RESULTANT RELEASE FROM R5T1 9T]E/1 PR(ITS1 & TAXATION AS 5=C$ TRIBUTE1 ! CAUSES = VISE & CRIME W\LD RAPIDLY DIM9I%1 = FREE ACCESS TO NATURE W\LD OP5 TO ALL MORE ?AN A COMPET5CE1 & 9 EASE GIVE GREAT] SCOPE TO ! PURELY HUMAN SYMPA?IES = ! UN=TUNATE4 ,H]B]T ,SP5C] HAS SO COMPLETELY DEMON/RAT$ ! FACT ?AT ) 9CREAS+ 9DU/RIALISM !RE HAS RESULT$ DECREAS+ CRIME1 & ?AT AS COMPULSORY COOP]ATION HAS WEAK5$1 BO? 9DEP5D5CE & 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE HAVE AUGM5T$1 ?AT ! FACT NE$S BUT TO BE /AT$4 ,& SO F> AS PROTECTION FROM ! /ILL VICI\S & IDLE IS CONC]N$1 AN EXT5SION ( ! SCOPE ( 9SURANCE CAN MEET ALL REQUIREM5TS4 ,AN ORGANIZATION = PROTECTION TO P]SON & LABOR PRODUCT1 OR PROP]TY IF Y\ WILL1 COMPOS$ ( ?OSE :O FELT ! NE$ = ! EX]CISE ( SU* FUNCTIONS1 9 :I* LOSS BY DEPR$ATION W\LD 9VOLVE NO GREAT] DIFFICULTY ?AN LOSS BY FIRE1 W\LD NATURALLY >ISE :]E SU* DEM& EXI/$4 ,! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! WAT*M5 ( SU* AN ORGANIZATION1 :OSE FUNCTIONS CONSI/ 9 MUTUAL PROTECTION & DEF5SE ( ! EQUAL LIMITS ( P]SONAL FRE$OM1 = COMM]CIAL NE$S1 & A POLITICAL-POLICY SY/EM :]E9 P]SONAL LIB]TY IS SUBORD9AT$ TO 9ANIMATE ?+S AS ( A GREAT] IMPORTANCE ?AN !IR CREATORS1 IS SO APP>5T TO ! C&ID READ] ?AT ,I NE$ NOT PAUSE TO DWELL UPON IT4 ,& :5 WE BE> 9 M9D ?AT RI<TS >E NO MORE 0NATURAL0 ?AN !Y >E 0RELIGI\S0 OR 0MORAL10 BUT >E SIMPLY A CONCEPTION ( EQUITY 9 SOCIAL RELATIONS2 ?AT ! WORD 0RI<TS0 ITSELF1 AS AN ASS]TION1 IS NOT POSITIVE1 BUT NEGATIVE1 BE+ A PROTE/ AGA9/ 9EQUITABLE CONDITIONS :I* 9VADE \R EQUAL RI<TS AS HUMAN BE+S2 ?AT !IR EV]-BROAD5+ SPH]E IS AN APPROA* TO ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL UND] EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES2 WE MAY WELL RE/ ASSUR$ ?AT ONLY 9 EQUAL FRE$OM CAN SECURITY BE GU>ANTE$ AT MUTUAL CO/4 ,PROGRESS & ORD] IS ! TRUE EXPRESSION ( SOCIAL EVOLUTION1 RA!R ?AN ! REV]SE1 = LAW IS EV] FIXITY & ITS RESULT+ ORD] BUT UNI=MITY :]E9 PROGRESS F9DS ITS GRAVE4 ,ORD] BAS$ UPON PROGRESS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 EV] RETA9S ! PLA/ICITY ESS5TIAL TO ! LATT]1 & ?IS CAN ONLY BE REALIZ$ 9 ! FUR!R EVOLUTION ( 0! LAW ( EQUAL FRE$OM0 REQUIR$ BY ! ,9DU/RIAL ,TYPE4 

,H]E WE PAUSE4 ,BY ! APPLICATION ( 0! LAW ( EQUAL FRE$OM0 TO ! FUNDAM5TAL FACTORS ( ,ECONOMICS3 ,L&1 ,LABOR1 ,CAPITAL1 ,EX*ANGE1 ,9SURANCE1 WE HAVE SE5 ?AT ! CLAIMS ( !IR RESPECTIVE %>ES 9 DI/RIBUTION3 ,R5T1 ,WAGES1 ,9T]E/1 ,PR(ITS1 ,TAXATION1 >E NOT NATURAL BUT >TIFICIAL1 HAV+ NO CLAIM 9 EQUITY1 F\ND$ ON PRIVILEGE & ONLY MA9TA9$ BY ! D5IAL ( EQUAL FRE$OM4 

,SU* IS ,AN>*Y6 

,X,I4 ,DIGRESSION ON ,ME?ODS 

,IF EQUAL RI<TS BE GRANT$1 & ?AT UND] FREE CONDITIONS SOCIAL SUPPLY MU/ FOLL[ DEM&1 :Y POTT] OV] ME?ODS8 ,BUT BECAUSE WE >E 9 A TRANSITION /ATE1 ! QUE/ION DOES >ISE3 ,%ALL \R RESI/ANCE TO AGGRESSION BE PASSIVE OR ACTIVE8 ,UPON ?IS PO9T NO ANSW] IS 9VOLV$ 9 \R PREMISES4 ,LOGICALLY1 H[EV]1 ! ASS]TION ( ! LAW ( EQUAL FRE$OM C>RIES ) IT ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL AS A PRE-REQUISITE TO VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION2 & ?IS IMPLIES AN EQUAL RI<T1 S+LY OR CONJO9TLY1 TO RESI/ SU* 9VASION1 & 9VASION UND] ! =MS ( LAW DOES NOT 9VALIDATE ! E?ICAL PROPOSITION4 ,EA* MU/ BE GUID$ AS !IR [N JUDGM5T DET]M9ES1 & :ATEV] MAY BE \R JUDGM5T ( ! POLICY ( SU* RESI/ANCE1 C5SORIAL D5UNCIATION LIES BEYOND ! PROV9CE ( 9DIVIDUAL SOV]EIGNTY4 ,IF DEF5SE IS RI<T1 NO ADHESION ( NUMB]S WILL AUGM5T ITS VALIDITY4 ,TO ! FUR!R QU]Y3 ,:I* IS BE/1 PASSIVE OR ACTIVE RESI/ANCE 8 ,I ANSW] ?AT IT IS BUT AN IDLE QUE/ION4 ,! POPUL> SUP]/ITION ?AT P]SONALITIES DECIDE EV5TS1 FROM :I* IT SPR+S1 IS BORN ( MILITANCY & *>ACT]IZES ITS HI/ORY4 ,=CE1 H[EV] US$1 CAN TEA* NO ECONOMIC TRU?1 YET EV5TS FL[+ FROM IT (T5 AWAK5 CONSCI\SNESS ( :AT EQUITY DEM&S4 ,TO D5Y ?AT PASSIVE RESI/ANCE HAS TREM5D\S WEI<T W\LD BE AS GREAT FOLLY AS TO ASS]T ?AT IT HAS GIV5 BIR? TO SU* EXT5SION ( FRE$OM AS WE N[ 5JOY4 ,?\< 9 ! PREC$+ PAGES ,I HAVE TRI$ TO %[ ! ,9DU/RIAL TYPE MAY BE PEACEABLY REALIZ$1 9 COMMON ) MANY O!RS ,I BELIEVE ?AT ! WAVES ( EV5TS >E DRIV+ US 0,NIAG>A-W>D20 ?AT NO AM\NT ( PHILOSOPHIZ+1 NO QUAK] PREA*+1 WILL CAUSE PRIVILEGE TO HE$ ! DEM&S ( PROGRESS1 NOR AV]T ! EV]-NE>+ COLLAPSE ( COMPULSORY RULE4 

,IF WE >E AS ,AUGU/ ,SPIES_<#e#c_> SAID1 0,! BIRDS ( ! COM+ /ORM10 9 ?AT WE BUT 9DICATE1 YET CANNOT PREV5T1 ITS ADV5T1 IT IS NONE ! LESS \R DUTY TO CRY AL\D & SP>E NOT1_<#e#d_> TO AWAK5 ! ?\<TLESS FROM !IR LE?>GY1 TO PO9T \T TO ! ?\<TFUL ! SOLE MEANS ( PEACEFUL SOLUTION1 NOR TO FAIL TO KEEP ALIGN$ ) ! VAN ( PROGRESS UND] ALL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,/ILL1 UND]NEA? ALL ?IS FE> ?AT IDEAS MAY WORK D[N TO MOVE MUSCLES1 IGNORANCE GRASP ! RE9S1 & ! 0R$ T]ROR0 RUN RAMPANT1 !RE IS NOT ONLY DI/RU/ ( HUMAN NATURE & HI/ORY1 BUT ( PR9CIPLES AS WELL4 ,VIOL5CE ( A FR5ZI$ PEOPLE SM>T+ UND] A S5SE ( 9JU/ICE IS EV] ( %ORT DURATION2 ! 0:ITE T]ROR0 ( MILITANCY IS P]PETUAL4 ,>E \R 5UNCIATION .<SIC.> ( PR9CIPLES UND]LY+ EQUITABLE SOCIAL RELATIONS TO CEASE :5 !Y BEG9 TO MOVE MUSCLES8 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT !Y >E HELD WILL ! DREAD$ REACTION BE LESS4 ,EV5 AS ,G>RISON'S APPEAL TO ! HI<] LAW 9VOLV$ ,JOHN ,BR[N'S ACT1 SO IT WILL BE 9 ! PROMULGATION ( EV]Y REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPLE4 ,I DO NOT TRY TO AV]T IT = ,I CONSID] SU* A TASK FRUITLESS4 ,EV]Y NEW SOCIAL REVOLT HAS HAD TO PASS ! 5TR5*M5TS ( PRIVILEGE1 & ,I SEE NO REASON TO BELIEVE IT WILL BE DIFF]5T N[1 EV5 ?\< HALF-HE>T$ RE=M]S TURN BACK AFFRI<T$4 

,=CE IS NOT NECESS>Y TO A REVOLUTION1 NOR IS ITS USE EV5 G5]ALLY SUCCESSFUL1 YET ! IDEAS :I* PROMPT$ IT >E NOT CRU%$ 9 DEFEAT4 ,?AT IDEAS HAVE MOV$ MUSCLES 9 ALL GREAT CRISES IS BEYOND QUE/ION4 ,:Y SO8 ,BECAUSE HUMAN NATURE1 EVOLV$ UND] ! MILITANT TYPE1 IS A CON/ANT FACTOR 9 ALL SOCIAL PROBLEMS2 BECAUSE 5TR5*$ PRIVILEGE NEV] WILL+LY REL9QUI%ES ITS POSITION2 BECAUSE IDEAS LAY BEH9D ! GR[+ PROTE/ A PO9T WAS REA*$ :]E =BE>ANCE CEAS$ TO BE A VIRTUE4 

,! *UR* S\<T TO HOLD ON TO ITS USURP$ P[] OV] M9D :5 9CREAS+ 9TELLIG5CE DEM&$ EMANCIPATION4 ,?\<T HAD LONG LA9 DORMANT1 B\ND 9 /RONG CABLES FA/5$ TO ,GOD'S ?RONE4 ,M9D AWAK5$1 SI<$ = FRE$OM1 DREAM$ ( PEACE1 - & REVOLT$6 ,! CABLES W]E P>T$ & 9 !IR VIBRATION %OOK ! /ABILITY ( ! ?RONE TO :I* !Y W]E ATTA*$4 ,ON E>? R$-H&$ W> HAD FULL SWAY4 ,C\NTRIES W]E DESOLAT$1 FAMILIES RAVI%$1 SLAU<T]$1 EXIL$4 ,YET PROGRESS HALT$ NOT4 ,GOD'S VOICE WAS LO/ 9 ! D9 ( BATTLE WAG$ BY HIS 9FURIAT$ ADOR]S2 E>? WAS >RAY$ AGA9/ HEAV52 F9ITE MAN AGA9/ ! OMNIPOT5T FI5D ! ,*UR* HAD 5?RON$4 ,YET FROM BLOOD-/A9$ FIELDS LIB]TY ( ?\<T - ! RI<T ( PRIVATE JUDGM5T - ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL OV] BELIEFS - EM]G$ VICTORI\S4 

,! UNION ( ,*UR* & ,/ATE REMA9$1 A MORGANATIC RA!R ?AN AN EQUAL ALLIANCE1 A LEFT-H&$ M>RIAGE PROVOK+ RAILL]Y & CONTEMPT4 ,WAS PROGRESS SATISFI$8 ,WAS ITS WORK ACCOMPLI%$8 ,W]E ! SWORDS TO BE BEAT5 9TO PL[%>ES8 ,ON ! CONTR>Y4 ,! GUIDONS ( PROGRESS W]E MOV$ =W>D4 ,A NEW POSITION WAS TAK54 ,OLD 5EMIES 9 NEW UNI=MS /ILL CONFRONT$ EA* O!R4 ,AU?ORITY1 DRIV5 FROM ! ,*UR*1 HAD TAK5 REFUGE 9 ! ,/ATE4 ,IMPOT5T 9 ! ONE1 IT RECOV]$ VIRILITY 9 ! O!R4 ,! OLD CABLES W]E AGA9 TI<T5$4 ,! KEEP] ( ! AMULET BLESS$ ! HOLD] ( ! SWORD & ! CONSECRAT$ K+ W5T =? TO CONQU]4 ,AGA9 ! BUGLES BLEW & ! CONTE/ WAG$4 ,AGA9 ! CABLES P>T$1 & K+ & PRIE/ W]E LEFT TO CONDOLE ) EA* O!R4 ,BUT ,MAN REJOIC$6 ,HE WAS FREE TO B9D HIMSELF ) SUP]/ITION'S CABLES1 OR TO CUT !M4 ,WAS PROGRESS SATISFI$8 ,WAS ITS WORK ACCOMPLI%$ 8 ,W]E ! SWORDS N[ TO BE BEAT5 9TO PL[%>ES8 

,ON ! CONTR>Y4 ,A VITAL QUE/ION >OSE3 ,:O %\LD POSSESS ! PL[%>ES8 ,BUT MU* HAD BE5 ACCOMPLI%$1 ?\< EA* /EP ( PROGRESS HAD BE5 /A9$ ) 9NOC5T BLOOD4 ,& :ILE ,AU?ORITY REMA9S TO COMPEL1 ,LIB]TY'S G>M5TS WILL NOT BE SPOTLESS4 ,>E NOT ALL DISCUSSIONS1 ALL CONTROV]SIES1 ALL 0POPUL> S]MONS0 :I* PASS BEYOND ! E>S ( DR[SY HE>]S 9TO PR9T1 ALL 0ABLE $ITORS'0 WORK & P>LIAM5T>Y ELOQU5CE1 ALL CAB9ET DISPUTES & POLITICAL WRANGL+1 ESS5TIALLY ECONOMIC 9 NATURE1 OR T9CTUR$ BY 9DU/RIAL DEM&S8 

,9DU/RIAL EMANCIPATION6 ,WILL IT COME8 ,IS HI/ORY A FALSE GUIDE8 ,IS EXP]I5CE A DELUSION8 ,IS PROGRESS A MY?8 ,>E 9DU/RIAL ASPIRATIONS B>R58 ,C\RAGE6 ,BIDE Y\R TIME1 BUT CONT9UE S[+ SE$ = ! H>VE/4 ,! MORN+ DAWNE? AFT] ! D>KE/ NI<T4 ,DRIV5 FROM ! DOMA9 ( ?\<T1 DIVORC$ FROM ! ?RONE1 ,AU?ORITY HAS DUG ITS LA/ DIT* 9 ,ECONOMICS4 ,PROGRESS HAS NOT HALT$4 ,! POLITICAL ,/ATE HAS BE5 TRANS=M$ 9TO AN ECONOMIC ONE4 ,=MS ( GOV]NM5T >E SECOND>Y1 =MS ( PR(ITS PRIM>Y1 9 ,/ATE C\NCILS4 ,! 9DU/RIAL B>ON CRAVES ! PROTECT+ >M ONCE S\<T BY ECCLESIA/ICAL & POLITICAL KNI<TS4 ,AGA9 PROTE/ RISES1 AGA9 ! OLD CABLES >E TI<T5$4 

,ALIGN$ ) PROGRESS WE NE$ HAVE NO FE>4 ,:AT PRIE/ & K+ FAIL$ TO ACCOMPLI%1 ! TRAD] CANNOT 5=CE4 ,\R WI%ES1 \R PLANS1 \R FE>S >E UNAVAIL+ TO >RE/ ! TIDE ( PROGRESS4 ,HAVE PATI5CE ?\< FRE$OM LEADS ?R\< SOMB] SC5ES4 ,! DESIRE = ECONOMIC EMANCIPATION IS A PROPHECY ( ITS REALIZATION4 ,WE MAY /UDY ! L9E ( BATTLE2 NOT TO US TO DIRECT IT4 ,WE MAY P]=M A SOLDI]'S DUTY 9 ! RANKS1 BUT LIB]TY ALONE COMM&E?4 ,! EGOI/IC PLEASURE-SEEK] MAY >ROGATE TO HIMSELF OMNISCI5CE1 BUT HIS VOICE IS UNHE>D4 

,IT IS = AWAK5$ CONSCI5CE TO ASS]T ! PR9CIPLE2 EV5TS WILL DET]M9E ! *>ACT] ( ! ANSW]4 ,IDEAS ONCE ROOT$ 9 CONSCI5CE NEV] DIE4 ,! OLD ABOLITIONI/S D5\NC$ 9JU/ICE1 KN[+ ?AT 9 AWAK5+ CONSCI5CE TIME W\LD BR+ IT TO BE> 9 ITS [N WAY TO ! EXT9CTION ( VE/$ WRONG4 ,SO IT IS TODAY2 H[ CONC]NS ! NEW ABOLITIONI/S NOT4 ,! AWAK5$ CONSCI5CE ( \R DAY RESPONDS TO ! AWAK5+ CONSCI5CE ( #ahcf 9 REPEAT+ ) NEW EMPHASIS ! L9ES ( ,:ITTI]3_<#e#e_> 

0,IS ?IS ! L& \R FA!RS LOV$1 

,! FRE$OM :I* !Y TOIL$ TO W98 

,IS ?IS ! SOIL :]EON !Y MOV$8 

,>E !SE ! GRAVES !Y SLUMB] 98 

,>E WE ! SONS BY :OM >E BORNE 

,! MANTLES :I* ! DEAD HAVE WORN8 

0,& %ALL WE CR\* ABOVE !SE GRAVES 

,) CRAV5 S\L & FETT]$ LIP8 

,YOKE 9 ) M>K$ & BR&$ SLAVES1 

,& TREMBLE AT ! DRIV]'S :IP8 

,B5D TO ! E>? \R PLIANT KNEES1 

,& SPEAK BUT AS \R MA/]S PLEASE8 

444444 

0,NO6 BY EA* SPOT ( HAUNT$ GR\ND1 

,:]E ,FRE$OM WEEPS H] *ILDR5'S FALL3 

,BY ,PLYM\?'S ROCK & ,BUNK]'S M\ND1 

,BY ,GRISWOLD'S /A9$ & %ATT]$ WALL1 

,BY ,W>R5'S <O/1 BY ,LANGDON'S %ADE1 

,BY ALL ! MEMORIES ( \R DEAD6 

444444 

0,BY ALL ABOVE1 >\ND1 BEL[1 

,BE \R 9DIGNANT ANSW]3 ,N,O60 

.<#a.> ,I H]E GLADLY ACKN[L$GE MY OBLIGATIONS TO ,VICTOR ,DRURY1 _<#a#e_> :OSE CLASSIFICATION ,I ADOPT & FOLL[4 

_<#a_> ,ACTUALLY ,SAY MAY HAVE GONE F>!R4 

_<#b_> ,FROM ,ROYAL ,COMM5T>IES ( ! ,9CAS 7#a#f#i7 BY ,EL ,9CA ,G>CILASO DE LA ,VEGA 7C4 #a#e#c#i-#a#f#a#f2 NOT TO BE CONFUS$ ) ! E>LI] ,SPANI% WRIT] ( ! SAME NAME72 ,LUM QUOTES FROM ! #ahga TRANSLATION BY ,CLEM5TS ,M>KHAM4 

_<#c_> ,PR9CIPLES ( ,SOCIOLOGY ,I4II4#a 

_<#d_> ,PROBABLY ,AM]ICAN HI/ORIAN ,JOHN ,LO?ROP ,MOTLEY 7#a#h#a#d-#a#h#g#g74 

_<#e_> ,SWISS HI/ORIAN & ECONOMI/ ,JEAN ,*>LES ,LEON>D DE ,SISMONDI 7#a#g#g#c-#a#h#d#b74 

_<#f_> ,JACK ,CADE1 LEAD] ( #ade PEASANT REBELLION2 ,JOHN ,WYCLIFFE1 #a#d?-C5TURY ,CA?OLIC DISSID5T2 ,JACOB VAN ,>TEVELDE & ,PHILIP VAN ,>TEVELDE1 FA!R & SON1 #a#d?-C5TURY ,FLEMI% NATIONALI/ LEAD]S2 ,ETI5NE ,M>CEL1 B\RGEOIS LEAD] 9VOLV$ 9 ! #aceh ,FR5* PEASANT REBELLION KN[N AS ! ,JACQU]IE2 RIS+ ( ! ,SWISS CANTONS3 A #a#d?-C5TURY CONF$]ACY ?AT ?REW (F ,HABSBURG RULE2 ,COLA DI ,RI5ZI1 #a#d?-C5TURY ,ITALIAN REVOLUTION>Y LEAD]2 ,HANSEATIC ,LEAGUE1 ,R5AISSANCE M]CANTILE ALLIANCE ( NOR!RN ,EUROPE4 

_<#g_> ,A REF]5CE TO ,AUGU/E ,COMTE'S 7#a#g#i#h-#a#h#e#g7 DIVISION ( HI/ORY 9TO !OLOGICAL1 METAPHYSICAL1 & POSITIVE_/9DU/RIAL PHASES1 ?\< 9 HIS DESCRIPTION ( ! DETAILS ,LUM SEEMS CLOS] TO ,SP5C] ?AN TO ,COMTE4 

_<#h_> ,B>EBONE'S ,P>LIAM5T1 =M TAK5 BY ! ,BRITI% ,P>LIAM5T 9 #a#f#e#c1 BETWE5 ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,RUMP ,P>LIAM5T & ! RISE ( ,CROMWELL'S ,PROTECTORATE1 TAK+ ITS NAME FROM ! 9VOLVEM5T ( RELIGI\S DISS5T+ LEAD] ,PRAISE-,GOD ,B>EBONES OR ,B>EBONE OR ,B>BON 7C4 #a#e#i#h-#a#f#g#i72 ,EMMANUEL ,JOSEPH ,SIEYES 7#a#g#d#h-#a#h#c#f71 ,FR5* REVOLUTION>Y LEAD] :O S]V$ 9 ! NATIONAL LEGISLATURE KN[N AS ! ,CONV5TION4 

_<#i_> 0,PROGRESS & ,ORD]0 7OR EQUALLY 0,ORD] & ,PROGRESS07 WAS A POPUL> SLOGAN AMONG FOLL[]S ( ,COMTE2 SEE ! ,BRAZILIAN FLAG4 

_<#a_> ,P5 NAME ( ,AM]ICAN HUMORI/ ,B5JAM9 ,DREW 7#a#h#a#b-#a#i#c74 

_<#a#a_> ,BONDS PAYABLE ONLY UPON ! DEA? ( A ?IRD P>TY1 ?\< H]E US$ METAPHORICALLY TO MEAN PAYABLE ONLY 9 ! AFT]LIFE4 

_<#a#b_> 0,! VOICE ( ! PEOPLE .<IS.> ! VOICE ( ,GOD40 

_<#a#c_> ,SCOTTI% WRIT] ,?OMAS ,C>LYLE 7#a#g#i#e-#a#h#h#a71 :OSE DESCRIPTION ( ECONOMICS AS 0! DISMAL SCI5CE0 HAS (T5 BE5 ?\<T 7AS PROBABLY H]E BY ,LUM7 TO REF] TO ITS CONS]VATIVE ASPECTS 7E4G41 ,MAL?US'S ALLEG$ PRO( ?AT IMPROVEM5TS 9 ! LOT ( ! WORK+ CLASS W]E UNATTA9ABLE71 ?\< 9 FACT ,C>LYLE MEANT TO BE CONDEMN+ ITS LIB]AL ASPECTS 7SPECIFICALLY ITS OPPOSITION TO SLAV]Y74 

_<#a#d_> PLURAL SIC4 

_<#a#e_> ,VICTOR ,DRURY 7#a#h#b#e-#a#i#a#h71 ,FR5*-BORN ,AM]ICAN AN>*I/ ACTIVE 9 ! ,KNI<TS ( ,LABOR4 

_<#a#f_> ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 7#a#g#e#f-#a#h#c#f71 ,5GLI% AN>*I/ PHILOSOPH] :O ADVOCAT$ VOLUNT>Y EQUALITY ( PROP]TY4 

_<#a#g_> ,AM]ICAN ECONOMI/ ,H5RY ,GEORGE 7#a#h#c#i-#a#h#i#g71 :O ?\< G5]ALLY A FREE-M>KET ADVOCATE REG>D$ SOCIETY AS ! LEGITIMATE [N] ( ALL L&1 & CONSEQU5TLY FAVOR$ REPLAC+ ALL TAXATION ) A S+LE TAX ON L&2 ,AM]ICAN /ATE-SOCIALI/ WRIT] ,$W>D ,BELLAMY 7#a#h#e-#a#h#i#h72 ,LUM'S L9E 0LOOK+ BACKW>D TO ,SP>TA & ,P]U0 IS A S>CA/IC REF]5CE TO ,BELLAMY'S UTOPIAN #ahhh NOVEL ,LOOK+ ,BACKW>D4 

_<#a#h_> ,A REF]5CE TO AN EXAMPLE 9 ,H5RY ,GEORGE'S #ahha BOOK ,! ,L& ,QUE/ION4 

_<#a#i_> ,G]MAN ECONOMI/ ,WILHELM ,ROS*] 7#a#h#a#g-#a#h#i#d71 AN IMPORTANT 9FLU5CE 7P]HAPS SURPRIS+LY7 ON BO? ! ,G]MAN ,HI/ORICAL ,S*OOL & ! ,FR5* ,LIB]AL ,S*OOL4 ,! PASSAGE QUOT$ IS FROM ,JOSEPH ,LALOR'S #ah< TRANSLATION ( ,ROS*]'S #ah$ ,PR9CIPLES ( ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY4 

_<#b_> ,A FREQU5T MISQUOTATION FROM ,%AKESPE>E'S ,TEMPE/ ,I,V4#a4#a#e#a-#e#g1 ELID+ 0! BASELESS FABRIC ( ?IS VISION0 ) 0WE >E SU* /UFF AS DREAMS >E MADE ON0 A FEW L9ES LAT]4 

_<#b#a_> ,5GLI% ECONOMI/ ,DAVID ,RIC>DO 7#a#g#g#b-#a#h#b#c7 HAD >GU$ 9 HIS #ahag ,PR9CIPLES ( ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY & ,TAXATION ?AT !RE WAS A NATURAL T5D5CY = WAGES TO APPROA* ! CO/ ( PRODUCTION ( LABOR1 :I* HE HELD TO BE ! B>E CO/ ( KEEP+ ! LABOR] ALIVE & ABLE & WILL+ TO WORK2 H[EV]1 HE ALSO HELD A7 ?AT WAGES MAY BE KEPT ABOVE ?IS NATURAL RATE 9DEF9ITELY 9 AN IMPROV+ ECONOMY1 & ?AT B7 WILL+NESS TO WORK DEP5DS 9 ANY CASE ON CULTURAL FACTORS 79CLUD+ PREVAIL+ /&>DS ( COM=T & DEC5CY74 ,DROPP+ !SE QUALIFICATIONS1 ,F]D9& ,LASSALLE 7#a#h#b#e-#a#h#f#d7 & O!R SOCIALI/ ?9K]S DEVELOP$ ,RIC>DO'S !ORY 9TO AN ,IRON ,LAW ( ,WAGES ACCORD+ TO :I* WAGES >E DOOM$ TO /& =EV] AT B>E PHYSICAL SUBSI/5CE SO LONG AS ! WAGE SY/EM SURVIVES4 

_<#b#b_> ,CLASSICAL LIB]AL ,5GLI% /ATESMAN ,JOHN ,BRI<T 7#a#h#a#a-#a#h#h#i71 FREE-TRADE & ANTI-IMP]IALI/ ACTIVI/2 ! QUOTATION IS FROM ,BRI<T'S ,GLASG[ ,UNIV]SITY 9/ALLATION SPEE* 9 ,M>* #a#h#h#c4 

_<#b#c_> ,:ATEV] S\RCE ,LUM IS QUOT+ 7PRESUMABLY BY ,H5RY ,GEORGE7 IS EVID5TLY TO BE F\ND REPR9T$ 9 ! #aia ,SUNSET ,CLUB4 

_<#b#d_> ,9 ,GREEK MY?OLOGY ,C]B]US WAS ! ?REE-HEAD$ DOG :O GU>D$ ! 5TRANCE TO ! UND]WORLD4 

_<#b#e_> ,A /&>D ,SP5C]IAN CONC]N1 TAK+ ! L9E ( PROGRESS TO RUN T[>D GREAT] DIFF]5TIATION4 ,BY 0TO GREAT] DIFF]5TIATION0 ,LUM PRESUMABLY MEANS 09 PREF]5CE TO GREAT] DIFF]5TIATION40 

_<#b#f_> ,! QUOTATION IS FROM ,SP5C]'S #ahgf ,PR9CIPLES ( ,SOCIOLOGY ,V4#a#h 8#e#g4 

_<#b#g_> ,?IS PHRASE (T5 MEANS 0PIECEWORK10 BUT 9 ! PRES5T CONTEXT SEEMS TO MEAN LABOR DONE ON ONE'S [N )\T COOP]ATION4 

_<#b#h_> ,! ,5GLI% PHRASE 0TO GO )\T SAY+0 D]IVES FROM ! ,FR5* ALL] SANS DIRE1 AL?\< ALL] DE SOI1 0TO GO ( ITSELF10 MAY BE ! MORE COMMON ,FR5* IDIOM4 

_<#b#i_> ,LUM HAD HAD AN ACRIMONI\S FALL+-\T ) ! ,GRE5BACK ,P>TY T5 YE>S E>LI]4 

_<#c_> ,*ANGE ( ANTEC$5T SIC4 

_<#c#a_> ,PRESUMABLY !RE %\LD ALSO BE A HYPH5 BETWE5 0FROM0 & ! FIR/ 0DAY40 

_<#c#b_> ,AN AGR>IAN ASSOCIATION FRI5DLY TO ! URBAN LABOR MOVEM5T1 =M$ 9 ,MI*IGAN 9 #a#h#h#i2 A SIMIL> MOVEM5T ( ! SAME NAME WAS =M$ 9 ,ONT>IO ! FOLL[+ YE>4 

_<#c#c_> ,! PASSAGE ?AT FOLL[S IS DRAWN FROM ! >TICLE 0',GREATE/ ,HAPP9ESS' ,PR9CIPLE0 7,WE/M9/] ,REVIEW ,X,I1 NO #ba 7,JULY #a#h#b#i71 :I* IS APP>5TLY BUT NOT EXPLICITLY BY ,B5?AM2 SEE ,MACAULAY'S DISCUSSION4 

_<#c#d_> ,! QUOTATION :I* FOLL[S IS FROM ,H]B]T'S 0,A ,POLITICIAN 9 ,SI<T ( ,HAV540 

_<#c#e_> ,PR9CIPLES ( ,SOCIOLOGY ,V4XVIII4#e#f#c4 

_<#c#f_> ,PROBABLY A REF]5CE TO ! TITLE ( ,H5RY ,GEORGE'S #ahgi ,PROGRESS & ,POV]TY4 

_<#c#g_> ,EI!R ,AM]ICAN ECONOMI/ ,AMASA ,WALK] 7#a#g#i#i-#a#h#g#e7 OR HIS SON ,FRANCIS ,AMASA ,WALK] 7#a#h#d-#a#h#i#g74 

_<#c#h_> ,AM]ICAN AN>*I/ & CURR5CY RE=M] ,WILLIAM ,BAT*ELD] ,GRE5E 7#a#h#a#i-#a#h#g#h74 

_<#c#i_> ,HEBREWS #a#a3#a4 

_<#d_> ,?IS MAKES NO S5SE1 & IS AN ]ROR = 0WILL NOT GO BANKRUPT AT ! SAME T9E0 9 ! ORIG9AL4 

_<#d#a_> ,%\LD BE 0S9CE IT IS SUBSCRIB$40 

_<#d#b_> ,FROM ,PR\DHON'S ,ORGANIZATION ( ,CR$IT & ,CIRCULATION 7#a#h#d#h74 

_<#d#c_> ,SCI5CE ( ,WEAL? 7#a#h#f#f71 *4 #e4 

_<#d#d_> ,ANO!R QUOTATION FROM ,ROS*]4 

_<#d#e_> 0,! GREAT ?9K] IS ! SECRET>Y ( HIS AGE03 FROM ,5GLI% PHILOSOPH] ,GEORGE ,H5RY ,LEWES 7#a#h#a#g-#a#h#g#h71 ,PROBLEMS ( ,LIFE & ,M9D 7#a#h#g#d74 

_<#d#f_> ,! ,L& ,QUE/ION 7#a#h#h#a71 *4 #a#f4 

_<#d#g_> ,BAV>IAN-,AM]ICAN AN>*O-COMMUNI/ ,JOHANN ,MO/ 7#a#h#d#f-#a#i#f74 

_<#d#h_> ,FR5* NOVELI/ ,$MOND ,FRANCOIS ,VAL5T9 ,AB\T 7#a#h#b#h-#a#h#h#e74 

_<#d#i_> ,FIR/ QUOTATION FROM ,RI<TS ( ,MAN 7#a#g#i#b71 ,I,I4#a2 NEXT ?REE FROM ,FIR/ ,PR9CIPLES ( ,GOV]NM5T 7#a#g#i#e74 

_<#e_> ,REF]5CE TO A QUOTATION FROM ,MAL?US4 

_<#e#a_> ,SCI5CE ( ,WEAL?1 ,X,I4#f4 

_<#e#b_> ,AM]ICAN ABOLITIONI/1 BUS9ESSMAN1 LIB]AL ECONOMI/1 & ANTIW> ACTIVI/ ,$W>D ,ATK9SON 7#a#h#b#g-#a#i#e74 

_<#e#c_> ,G]MAN-,AM]ICAN AN>*I/ ,AUGU/ ,SPIES 7#a#h#e#e-#a#h#g#g71 ONE ( ! ,HAYM>KET M>TYRS4 

_<#e#d_> ,ISAIAH #e#h3#a4 

_<#e#e_> ,AM]ICAN ABOLITIONI/ POET ,JOHN ,GRE5LEAF ,:ITTI] 7#a#h#g-#a#h#i#b71 9 0,/ANZAS = ! ,TIMES40 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahhi 3 ,! ,ECONOMICS ( ,AN>*Y -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #a#c1 #bai 3 ,! ,ECONOMICS ( ,AN>*Y -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,! ,ECONOMICS ( ,AN>*Y -- ,UPDAT$4 

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