,*APT] #i 
,9DU/RIAL ,ECONOMICS 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,DY] ,LUM 

,TEXT 3 

,I,X4 ,9DU/RIAL ,ECONOMICS 

  

,BE=E 5T]+ UPON ! APPLICATION ( \R FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES TO \R FIF? DIVISION1 9SURANCE1 OR SECURITY1 ,I DESIRE TO GR\P C]TA9 D$UCTIONS1 BO? CRITICAL & CON/RUCTIVE1 ?AT WE MAY BETT] SEE ! P>AM\NT IMPORTANCE ( FRE$OM 9 9DU/RIAL ECONOMICS4 

#a4 ,D,I,V,I,S,I,O,N ,( ,L,A,B,O,R IS AN \TGR[? ( SOCIAL PROGRESS1 ESS5TIAL TO ! AUGM5TATION ( WEAL?1 ! EVILS 9CID5TAL TO IT BE+ ! RESULT ( EXTRANE\S CAUSES2 & ,ECONOMI/S1 9 SPEAK+ ( LIMITATIONS & DISADVANTAGES ( ?IS SOCIAL LAW1 HAVE %[N !IR 9COMPET5CE TO CLE>LY ANALYZE ! ESS5TIAL FACTORS ( ! 9DU/RIAL PROBLEM4 ,IT IS NOT 9 DIVISION1 BUT 9 ! SUBORD9ATION ( DIVISION TO PRIVILEGE ?AT ! ,ECONOMI/S MAKE ! ]ROR ( ASCRIB+ DISADVANTAGES TO A LAW EVOLV$ 9 SOCIAL GR[?4 ,! ELEM5T ( FRE$OM LACK+ 9 EX*ANGE1 DIVISION CONSEQU5TLY FALLS UND] ! CONTROL ( PR]OGATIVE1 H5CE ! LIMITATIONS & DISADVANTAGES ( :I* ,ECONOMI/S LE>N$LY PRATE4 

#b4 ,M,A,*,9,],Y SOCIALIZES :]E DIVISION ISOLATES4 ,MA*9]Y IS TO ! 9DU/RIAL TOIL] :AT ! MUSKET IS TO ! MILITANT SUPPORT]1 A TOOL BY :I* !IR RESPECTIVE L9ES ( ACTIVITY >E R5D]$ EFFECTIVE4 ,9 ! *EAP5+ ( PRODUCTS1 9 ! ANNIHILATION ( TIME BY ! TELEGRAPH & ( SPACE BY ! RAILWAY1 & ! C\NTLESS FACILITIES TO COM=T ) :I* WE >E SURR\ND$1 WE SEE ! SOCIAL RESULTS ( MA*9]Y4 ,ECONOMI/S NEV] WE>Y ( DWELL+ ON ! B5EFITS ( LABOR SAV$ BY ! USE ( MA*9]Y1 BUT GLOSS OV] ! ACTUAL FACT ?AT A RAPID 9CREASE ( ME*ANICAL APPLIANCES T5DS TO R5D] ! >TISAN A SUP]FLU\S QUANTITY & A M>KETLESS TOOL4 ,UND] NATURAL RELATIONS :ATEV] T5DS TO LESS5 ! EXHAU/IV5ESS ( TOIL & *EAP5 PRODUCTS1 %\LD ALSO R$\ND TO ! DIRECT1 NO LESS ?AN ! 9DIRECT1 B5EFIT ( ! 9DIVIDUAL LABOR]4 ,H]E1 AGA91 WE F9D FRE$OM LACK+ 9 DI/RIBUTION & >E =C$ TO LOOK ELSE:]E = ! S\RCE ( ! RE/RICTIONS TO ASC]TA9 :E!R !Y >ISE FROM NATURAL CAUSES OR >TIFICIAL 9T]F]5CE4 

#c4 ,M,O,N,O,P,O,L,Y HAS BE5 FO/]$ UND] ! DELUSIVE PRETEXT ( PROTECT+ 9DU/RY BY H$G+ 9 A PORTION ( HUMAN ACTIVITY AT ! EXP5SE ( ! RE/2 & AT ! SAME TIME1 AS ZEAL\SLY PROTECT+ ! V]Y RE/RICTIONS ( :I* LABOR COMPLA9S4 ,! OPPOSITE S*OOL1 HAV+ A P>TIAL VIEW ( ! TRU? ?AT ! LAW ( SUPPLY & DEM& CAN ONLY HAVE FULL C\RSE UND] LIB]TY1 & ?AT ALL 9T]F]5CE BUT HAMP]S !IR NATURAL ADAPTATION TO EA* O!R1 /ILL BELIEV$ ?AT !Y W]E CONT5D+ UND] ?AT /&>D :ILE LIMIT+ !IR DEM&S = FRE$OM ( TRADE TO ! MANUFACTUR$ PRODUCT1 AN ]ROR :I* EV5 ,H]B]T ,SP5C] HAS NOT ESCAP$4 ,9 ASS]T+ !ORETICAL LIB]TY = LABOR & CAPITAL1 !Y >E BL9D TO ! FACT ?AT LABOR WAS H&ICAPP$1 9ASMU* AS ! CAPITAL EMPLOY$ WAS ! (FSPR+ ( MONOPOLY4 ,?US !IR FRE$OM ONLY 5T]S 9 AFT] MONOPOLIZ$ PRODUCTION HAS ?R[N ! PRODUCT ON ! M>KET1 & IS NEV] CONCEIV$ AS 5T]+ 9TO RELATIONS PRIOR TO PRODUCTION4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 9 ! PRES5T 0/RA9$ RELATIONS BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR0 WE F9D ! 0FRE$OM ( CONTRACT0 A MEAN+LESS PHRASE1 & PR(ESS$ APO/LES ( LIB]TY1 LIKE ,AMASA ,WALK]1 DELIV]+ !MSELVES AS FOLL[S3  
  

0,9 RELATION TO CAPITAL & LABOR1 !RE MU/ BE A JU/ PROPORTION ( EA* TO ! MO/ EFFICI5T PRODUCTION1 - SUFFICI5T LABOR = ! CAPITAL1 & CAPITAL = ! LABOR3 SO !RE MU/ BE SUFFICI5T 5T]PRISE1 BUS9ESS TAL5T & TACT TO USE BO?2 & ! SEV]AL P>TIES MU/ BE LEFT TO ACT VOLUNT>ILY2 UND] ! 9/9CTS ( HUMAN NATURE & ! LAWS ( VALUE40_<#d#c_>  
  

,:E!R LEGALIZATION ( ! L[] 9/9CTS & ! SPECULATIVE LAWS N[ DOM9ANT T5D TO ! HI<] EVOLUTION ( FREE ACTION1 \R APO/LE ( LIB]TY SAYE? NOT4 

#d4 ,C,O,M,P,E,T,I,T,I,O,N IS ! EXACT OPPOSITE1 NOT P>5T ( MONOPOLY4 ,FRE$OM IS ESS5TIAL TO TRUE COMPETITION1 & :]EV] RE/RICTION EXI/S ON ONE SIDE1 IT IMPLIES PRIVILEGE ON ! O!R1 & 9 SO F> COMPETITION CEASES3 MONOPOLY RA!R ?AN COMPETITION N[ EXI/S4 ,9 ! ABROGATION ( PRIVILEGE COMPETITION BECOMES NOT ONLY FREE1 BUT ACTS1 AS ! GOV]NOR ON AN 5G9E1 SELF-REGULATIVE & BR++ CO/ AS ! MEAN ( PRICE4 0,\R FRI5DS1 ! 5EMY10 ! ,SOCIALI/S1 9 FLY+ 9TO A PASSION AT ! M5TION ( COMPETITION BUT !REBY BETRAY !IR [N LOGICAL ADH]5CE TO ! MILITANT CAMP1 = LIB]TY 9CLUDES & IMPLIES FRE$OM TO COMPETE4 

,BUT ?AT CANNOT 9 JU/ICE BE CALL$ A COMPETITIVE SY/EM :]E WAGES >E CON/ANTLY DEPRESS$ AS ) AN IRON H& AS A DEF9ITE RESIDUAL DIVID5D2 & ! DIVORCE BETWE5 LABOR & CAPITAL JU/IFI$ AS CALL+ 9 AN 09DISP5SABLE0 GO-BETWE5 :OSE E>N+S1 OR PR(ITS1 0CON/ITUTE A SPECIAL OR F\R? BRAN* ( ! NATIONAL 9COME1 CO-ORD9ATE ) R5T1 WAGES1 & 9T]E/ ON CAPITAL0 - & HAIL$ AS AN EXT5SION ( FRE$OM4_<#d#d_> 

#e4 ,! ,R,E,A,L ,P,R,O,B,L,E,M IS A F> DEEP] ONE ?AN 5T]S 9TO ! >GUM5TS ( ! ADVOCATES ( PROTECTION & RE/RICTION1 OR ( A PO/-PRODUCTION LIB]TY4 ,IT IS ! SAME AS HAS = C5TURIES PA/ UND]LA9 ALL /RUGGLES 9 SOCIAL PROGRESS & :I*1 LOOK+ BACK OV] ! C5TURIES1 WE F9D RECORD$ AS EV] WON = ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ! WID5+ ( ! SPH]E ( P]SONAL 9ITIATIVE1 ! CONFLICT BETWE5 MILITANT AU?ORITY & P]SONAL LIB]TY4 ,! R5AISSANCE ( M9D FROM S*OLA/IC TYRANNY2 ! REVOLT ( ,LU!R & HIS FOLL[]S AGA9/ M5TAL DICTATION2 ! TEMPOR>Y COMPROMISE 9 RELIGI\S TOL]ATION2 ! 9SURRECTION AGA9/ K+CRAFT LEAD+ 9 ITS TRIUMPH TO ! TOL]ATION ( POLITICAL OP9IONS2 - HAVE N[ LOGICALLY L$ TO AN 9SURRECTION AGA9/ ECONOMIC SUBJECTION TO ! PRIVILEGES USURP$ & HOTLY DEF5D$ BY CAPITAL 9 ITS ALLIANCE ) LABOR1 & CALL+ FROM ?9K]S ( ALL S*OOLS - EV5 FROM ECONOMIC ,HESSIAN ALLIES - ! PR$ICTION ?AT UNLESS AN EQUITABLE ADJU/M5T BE F\ND1 CIVILIZATION MU/ AGA9 GO ?R\< ! P>TURITION PANGS ( REVOLUTION>Y /RIFE & BLOOD%$4 ,BY ONE OR O!R ( !SE ANTAGONI/IC PR9CIPLES MU/ EV]Y PROPOS$ SOLUTION BE TE/$1 & REPOS+ CONFID5TLY ON ! HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T ( PROGRESS1 :]E9 EV5 ! MAN ( G5IUS IS BUT 0! SECRET>Y ( HIS AGE10 _<#d#e_> WE ASS]T ?AT NO ANSW] CAN BE GIV5 TO ! ET]NAL CONFLICT ?AT IS NOT BAS$ UPON FULL FRE$OM TO HUMAN ACTIVITY 3 = FRE$OM DE/ROYS /RIFE BY REMOV+ ITS CAUSE - D5IAL ( FRE$OM4 

,) !SE D$UCTIONS = \R GUIDE WE BEGAN ! SE>* = ECONOMIC LAWS BAS$ UPON JU/ICE1 5LI<T5$ BY WISDOM1 SUPPORT$ BY TRU?1 9 :I* ALONE 9DU/RY CAN F9D ITS GOAL 9 EQUITABLE COOP]ATION4 ,TAK+ !SE1 !RE=E1 AS ! BASIS ( 9DU/RIAL ECONOMICS1 RA!R ?AN LAWS DESCRIB+ MODES ( ACTION UND] 9EQUITABLE CONDITIONS1 WE HAVE BE5 L$ TO DEM& = LABOR3 

#f4 ,F,R,E,E ,L,&1 ?AT LABOR 9 ITS /RUGGLE %ALL NOT =EV] F9D ! S\RCE ( PRODUCTION ! W>D ( MONOPOLY1 & ?US LEFT UPON AS UNEQUAL A FOOT+ TO COMPETE 9 PRODUCTION AS EXI/$ BETWE5 ! SLAVE & HIS MA/]4 ,?AT AS L& IS ! S\RCE ( PRODUCTION ITS REAL1 OR NATURAL1 VALUE LIES 9 ITS USE1 NOT :AT IT WILL BR+ :]E PRIVILEGE EXI/S TO GIVE IT A FICTITI\S VALUE4 ,ONE ( ! EFFECTS ( ?IS W\LD BE ! ELIM9ATION ( R5T AS A NECESS>Y PRELUDE TO OCCUPANCY1 OR A FACTOR 9 ! DI/RIBUTION ( ! %>ES ( PRODUCTION4 ,?AT UND] FRE$OM ( ACCESS TO VACANT L&1 & ! SPR+ IT W\LD GIVE TO PRODUCTION1 LABOR W\LD DET]M9E A JU/] PROPORTIONALITY ( VALUES BETWE5 PRODUCTS1 :]E9 ALONE REAL VALUE EXI/S4 

,WE SEE 9 NATIONALIZATION ( L& BUT A RECURR5CE TO MILITANCY 9 ITS ME?ODS1 & ITS APPLICATION BESET ) MANY FATAL COMPROMISES4 ,MR4 ,GEORGE UTT]LY MI/AKES ! PROBLEM 9 ASS]T+3  
  

0,?IS ?+ IS ABSOLUTELY C]TA93 ,PRIVATE PROP]TY 9 L& BLOCKS ! WAY ( ADVANC+ CIVILIZATION4 ,! TWO CANNOT LONG CO-EXI/40_<#d#f_>  
  

,TO ONE :O ACCEPTS AU?ORITY1 RA!R ?AN LIB]TY1 AS A GUID+ PR9CIPLE1 ! CONCLUSION MAY BE NATURAL2 BUT TO ONE :O 5DEAVORS TO SQU>E HIS PR9CIPLES BY ! TE/ ( LIB]TY1 :E!R L& BE CALL$ PRIVATE PROP]TY OR NOT1 AFT] IT HAS CEAS$ TO BE A FACTOR 9 ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION1 IS IMMAT]IAL4 ,LIB]TY CANNOT D5Y ! CALL+ ( ONE'S POSSESSION ( ANY?+ HIS [N4 ,IT IS 9 ! P[] GIV5 BY LEGALIZATION TO HOLD = SPECULATIVE PURPOSES1 NOT P>TICUL> POSSESSION = OCCUPANCY1 ?AT ! DANG] TO CIVILIZATION LIES4 ,WE ALSO SUBMIT ?AT MAK+ IT 0COMMON PROP]TY0 9VOLVES 9VASION ( 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM TO USE1 = IT CAN BE NEI!R SO MADE NOR SO MA9TA9$ EXCEPT BY MILITANT ME?ODS1 :E!R UND] ,GEORGE'S OR ,MO/'S ATTEMPT$ ORGANIZATION ( LIB]TY4_<#d#g_> 

,FUR!R1 ,MR4 ,GEORGE'S S*EME DOES NOT SOLVE ! PROBLEM1 = IT LEAVES CAPITAL /ILL >M$ ) P[] TO EXPLOIT1 :I* HIS S*EME IGNORES1 & :I* W\LD /ILL LEAVE CAPITAL A PREF]R$ BIDD] = L& EV5 UND] S+LE TAX 0DIRECTION40 ,$MUND ,AB\T_<#d#h_> SAYS ?AT ON ,JANU>Y #a1 #a#h#e#a1 IT WAS E/IMAT$ ?AT !RE W]E 9 ,FRANCE #g1#h#d#f1 [N]S ( REAL E/ATE1 \T ( #c#f1 POPULATION1 A PROPORTION ( AB\T #a TO #d #a_/#b 4 ,YET HE ADDS3  
  

0,\T ( !SE #g1#h#d#f1 PROP]TY [N]S1 #h11 W]E CONSID]$ PAUP]S1 OR SO NE>LY SO AS TO BE EXCUS$ ON ?AT GR\ND FROM P]SONAL TAXATION4 ,IT WAS E/IMAT$ ?AT !RE W]E #f1 :OSE TAX ON PR9CIPAL DID NOT EXCE$ ONE C5T P] ANNUM4 ,?OSE CALCULATIONS W]E 9 #ahea 4 ,! DIVISION ( ! SOIL HAS S9CE GONE /ILL FUR!R40  
  

,H]E WAS AN EXTRAORD9>Y EXT5SION ( ! RI<T & OPPORTUNITY TO ! POSSESSION ( SOIL :I* DID NOT C>RY ) IT OPPORTUNITY TO FULL USE4 

#g4 ,F,R,E,E WE HAVE SE5 W\LD BREAK ! MONOPOLY N[ POSSESS$ BY CURR5CY1 ! 9/RUM5T ( EX*ANGE1 & ALSO C\LD OP5 FULL USE ( ! POSSESSION ( L&4 ,TO DAY ! SMALL RETAIL DEAL] CANNOT COMPETE ) ! M]*ANT PR9CE 9 ! PUR*ASE ( GOODS1 ANY MORE ?AN ! ME*ANIC :O BUYS HIS COAL BY ! BU%EL 5T]S 9TO COMPETITION ) ONE :O BUYS HIS YE>'S SUPPLY BY ! C>GO4 ,HAS ! WORKMAN EQUAL FRE$OM TO COMPETE ) ! EMPLOY] ( LABOR 8 ,CAN 0H&S0 5T] ! M>KET ON EQUAL T]M ) ! WEAL?Y CONTRACTOR8 ,BUT :Y NOT8 ,BECAUSE BEH9D ! CAPITALI/1 AS WE N[ F9D HIM1 PRIVILEGE L5DS SUPPORT :I* TRANS=MS ! RESULT ( HONE/ 9DU/RY 9TO A HIDE\S ,MOLO* /&+ ) \T/RET*$ >MS TO RECEIVE AS SACRIFICIAL VICTIMS ! TOIL]S :O HAVE MADE ?AT CAPITAL POSSIBLE4 ,! LEGALIZ$ P[] GIV5 TO MONEY DET]M9ES ! DIFF]5CE2 IT MAKES IT MORE ?AN ! M]E 9/RUM5T ( EX*ANGE2 IT BECOMES AN IMPLEM5T ( EXPLOITATION1 HAV+ A FICTITI\S VALUE & CULL+ FROM 9DU/RY TO 9CREASE BY PAYM5T = USE4 ,?US CLAIM+ ?AT 0YE/]DAY'S LABOR0 IS MORE ?AN WEAL? ACQUIR$1 & ?R\< 9T]E/ 5TITL$ TO PR]OGATIVES NOT GRANT$ TO TODAY@&_?6#d#f2S LABOR1 BUT EV5 TAK5 FROM IT4 ,WE ?US SEE ?AT IT IS NOT CAPITAL P] SE ?AT LIB]TY ASSAILS1 BUT ! >TIFICIAL P[] IT USURPS2 ?AT UND] EQUAL FRE$OM1 :]E NO PRIVILEGE EXI/S TO 5TAIL EXPLOITATION1 IT IS AS H>MLESS AS WE HAVE SE5 PRIVATE PROP]TY W\LD BE4 ,CAPITAL ITSELF IS MAN'S BE/ FRI5D1 ! TRUE SOCIAL SAVIOR ?AT OP5S ! M>* ( PROGRESS & ?AT HAS TRANS=M$ SOCIETY FROM W>LIKE TO PEACEFUL PURSUITS4 ,BUT UND] ! CRUCIFY+ H&S ( LEGALIZATION1 :]E PR]OGATIVE MOCKS AT P5URY1 ITS MISSION IS ?W>T$ & IT BECOMES A RAV5\S BEA/4 ,AS ,SATAN IS SAID TO HAVE ONCE BE5 AN ANGEL ( LI<T1 SO1 9 ! D5IAL ( EQUAL FRE$OM TO ! CAPITALIZATION ( ! FRUITS ( LABOR1 CAPITAL HAS BECOME A DEMON ( HELL1 & BEYOND ! P[] ( R$EMPTION BY S+LE-TAX SANCTIFICATION4 

#h4 ,M,U,T,U,A,L ,B,A,N,K,+ WE HAVE SE5 W\LD OP5 ! DOOR = RELIEF4 ,9 ! ABS5CE ( >TIFICIAL RE/RA9T UPON 9DIVIDUAL ACTIVITY1 ?AT EV]Y ONE 9 POSSESSION ( RETURNS = LABOR APPLI$1 5DORS$ BY BUS9ESS CAPACITY OR NOT1 :E!R 9DIVIDUALLY OR BY ASSOCIATION1 C\LD COMM& CR$IT TO ! EXT5T ( !IR HONE/LY ACQUIR$ WEAL?1 OR CONFID5CE 9 !IR PL$GE ( LABOR =CE1 & USE !IR [N LABOR AS A BASIS = 9CREAS$ PRODUCTION4 ,:E!R PRODUCTION W\LD !N BE 9DIVIDUALI/IC OR ASSOCIATIVE - ON :I* PO9T ! AU?OR HAS /RONG CONVICTIONS - W\LD NOT 9 ! LEA/ ALT] ! CASE4 ,FRE$OM TO NORMAL GR[? SECUR$1 ITS NATURAL C\RSE IS A DETAIL :I* W\LD REGULATE ITSELF4 ,! FACT REMA9S ?AT UND] RELEASE FROM COMPULSORY R5T1 & CESSATION ( USURY1 5]GY & CAPACITY W\LD BE MORE ASSIDU\SLY CULTIVAT$ & COMM& GREAT] CONFID5CE ?AN A ,/ATE C]TIFICATE = HONE/Y1 & !REBY CREATE AN AMPLE M$IUM = EX*ANGE BAS$ ON LABOR PRODUCTS4 ,TO D\BT IT IS TO ASS]T ?AT CAPACITY & 5]GY1 TOGE!R ) 9V5TIVE TAL5T1 CAN ONLY G]M9ATE :]E EXHAU/IVE M5TAL OR MANUAL LABOR MO/ EXI/1 & :]E RE/ & RECREATION >E LEA/ KN[N4 

,CR$IT W\LD BE A MATT] ( CONFID5CE 9 BO? SECURITY & *>ACT]1 & *>ACT] W\LD BE AS ESS5TIAL AN ELEM5T !N AS %REWDNESS & CUNN+ >E N[4 0,BUS9ESS0 EMANCIPAT$ FROM 9EQUITABLE CONDITIONS W\LD CONT9UE AS UN9T]RUPT$LY AS UND] ! PRES5T SY/EM ( A MORTGAGE SECURITY ON ! S\RCE ( PRODUCTION :]E LABOR TOILS = ANO!R'S B5EFIT1 & ! B5UMB+ EFFECT ( A ,FRANK5/E9-,/ATE NO LONG] REPRESS 9DIVIDUALITY NOR 9SPIRE ! SUP]/ITI\S ) AWE4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #i -- ,UPDAT$4 

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