,*APT] #b 
,FUNDAM5TAL ,PR9CIPLES 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,DY] ,LUM 

,TEXT 3 

,I,I4 ,FUNDAM5TAL ,PR9CIPLES 

  

,C>LYLE APTLY T]M$ POLITICAL ECONOMY ! 0,DISMAL ,SCI5CE10 _<#a#c_> BUT A GREAT *ANGE HAS S9CE BE5 COM+ OV] ITS SPIRIT4 ,= REASONS ALREADY P>TLY \TL9$ ,ECONOMI/S !MSELVES HAVE COME TO RECOGNIZE ?AT ! ISSUE IS PURELY ECONOMIC & HAS NO MORE RI<T TO BE QUALIFI$ BY ! ADJECTIVE 0POLITICAL0 ?AN BY ! ADJECTIVE 0RELIGI\S40 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! TR5D ( EVOLUTION>Y PROGRESS1 ! LOGIC ( EV5TS1 HAS ELIM9AT$ ! QUALIFY+ PREFIX & ! SCI5CE ( SOCIETY MU/ H5CE=? BE CONSID]$ 9 ! LI<T ( AB/RACT JU/ICE RA!R ?AN 9 ! 9T]E/S ( TEMPOR>Y ,/ATE REQUIREM5TS4 ,) ! OBLIT]ATION ( ! MISLEAD+ QUALIFICATION \R TASK IS MU* EASI] & ,ECONOMICS MAY BE SO SIMPLIFI$ ?AT1 BE+ M]ELY A PHASE ( EQUITABLE RELATIONS1 ! APPLICATION ( ! LAW ( EQUAL FRE$OM TO 9DU/RIAL ACTIVITIES1 IT MAY BE DIVE/$ ( ALL OBSCURITY :I* WAS IMPOSSIBLE :5 COMPLICAT$ ) EV] %IFT+ POLITICAL EXIG5CIES4 

,SOCIAL RELATIONS P]TA9+ TO ! SPH]E ( 9DU/RY >E 9DEP5D5T ( BO? POLITICAL & RELIGI\S REQUIREM5TS4 ,9 ! SPH]E ( PHILOSOPHY & RELIGION WE ADMIT 0! RI<T ( PRIVATE JUDGM5T02 9 POLITICS WE HAVE MADE GREAT ADVANCE ALONG ! SAME PA?1 BUT ! ADVANCE BUT MORE CLE>LY DRAWS ! L9E ( ITS FULL RECOGNITION4 ,ECONOMICS1 9 REPLAC+ POLITICAL ECONOMY1 HAS DIVORC$ POLITICAL 9T]E/S1 EV] TEMPOR>Y & FLUCTUAT+1 FROM 9DU/RIAL AIMS4 ,RELIGION1 ,POLITICS1 & ,ECONOMICS >E ?REE SEP>ATE REALMS2 !IR B\ND>Y L9ES NEV] 9T]SECT4 ,) ! SPH]E ( RELIGION & POLITICS1 ) !IR RESPECTIVE DEM&S & OBLIGATIONS )9 ! L9ES ( VOLUNT>Y AGREEM5T1 ! ECONOMI/ HAS NO CONC]N4 ,EV]Y MAN IS FREE TO ACCEPT A PHILOSOPHIC CRIT]ION OR A !OLOGICAL CRE$ ACCORD+ TO ! DICTATES ( HIS [N JUDGM5T OR PREJUDICE1 OR SURR5D] HIS SOV]EIGNTY OV] HIS [N ?\<T TO ! CAPRICE ( ! CR[D = REAL OR SUPPOS$ ADVANTAGES2 ?AT IS )9 HIS SOV]EIGNTY OV] HIMSELF ) :I* NO ONE ELSE HAS ! RI<T TO 9T]F]E.<4.> ,SO1 SIMIL>LY1 Y\ & ,I ) O!RS HAVE EQUAL RI<T TO VOLUNT>ILY CO-OP]ATE 9DU/RIALLY TO PRODUCE & EX*ANGE4 ,WE >E AW>E ?AT ! ,/ATE N[ PRESCRIBES C]TA9 RULES = SU* RELATIONS1 BUT IF ITS L9ES %\LD NOT 9T]SECT ,ECONOMICS1 ANY REGULATIONS :I* CURTAIL FREE CONTRACT1 :I* GRANT PRIVILEGES & CREATE RE/RICTIONS1 >E AS UNW>RANTABLE AN 9T]F]5CE AS RELIGI\S 9T]M$DL+ 9 ! SPH]E ( POLITICS ?REE C5TURIES AGO4 ,TIME ADDS NO?+ TO A WRONG - EXCEPT ACCRU$ 9T]E/ :I*1 UN=TUNATELY1 9NOC5T 9H]ITORS HAVE TO PAY4 ,IF \R PREMISES >E CORRECT1 - & H[ CAN !Y BE ASSAIL$8 NEI!R RELIGI\S NOR POLITICAL CLAIMS CAN DET]M9E ECONOMIC RELATIONS4 ,AS TO H[ MU* W\LD BE LEFT TO POLITICS DOES NOT CONC]N US1 IF IT CAN F9D A SPH]E )9 ! L9ES ( EQUAL FRE$OM )\T RESORT+ TO MILITANT MEASURES IT MAY !RE REMA9 UNDI/URB$4 ,IF !Y DO NOT H>MONIZE ) ! L9ES EVOLUTION HAS E/ABLI%$1 EI!R ECONOMIC RELATIONS MU/ BE SUBORD9AT$ TO ! EV]-*ANG+ REQUIREM5TS ( RELIGI\S NECESSITIES OR POLITICAL DEM&S 79 :I* CASE 9DU/RIAL EVOLUTION MU/ BE ADJU/$ TO PA/ CONDITIONS71 OR ! PRET5SIONS ( SU* ASS]TIONS ( MILITANCY MU/ BE D5I$ & IGNOR$4 ,NO ADVOCATE ( TWILI<T S*EMES CAN ESCAPE ?IS DILEMMA1 & IF LOGICAL HE %\LD AT ONCE JO9 HIS ALLIES ( ! RI<T W+1 BUT ON EI!R HORN ! ,AN>*I/ ASKS HIS OPPON5T TO RE/4 ,BUT IF1 & ?IS IF COV]S ! :OLE QUE/ION1 IF WE HAVE 5T]$ UPON AN ECONOMIC AGE1 IF NEI!R RELIGION NOR POLITIC CAN LONG] DET]M9E EQUITY1 NOR COMPEL C]TA9 RELATIONS O!RWISE ?AN BY ! EX]CISE ( COMPULSION1 !Y !REBY DECL>E !MSELVES 9COMPET5T TO SETTLE LIV+ ISSUES BY PROGRESSIVE ME?ODS4 ,) !SE D$UCTIONS FROM ADMITT$ SOCIOLOGICAL PREMISES1 WE WILL PROCE$ TO EXAM9E :AT FUR!R LIB]TY A SOCIAL REGIME ( CONTRACT1 OR VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION1 YET LACKS1 OR ! REMOVAL ( :AT RE/RICTIONS ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE REQUIRES TO 9TRODUCE ?AT EQUITABLE RELATIONS _<#a#d_> TO :I* ! SILV] CORD RUNN+ ?R\< HI/ORICAL EVOLUTION MANIFE/LY LEADS8 

,9 ?IS LI<T ,ECONOMICS CEASES TO BE A 0,DISMAL ,SCI5CE40 ,IT IS TO BE CONSID]$ AS ! NORMAL ADJU/M5T ( 9DU/RIAL RELATIONS IRRESPECTIVE ( ! TRAMMELS :I* RELIGION ONCE1 & POLITICS N[1 9T]POSE TO FRU/RATE BY =EIGN & >TIFICIAL AG5DAS4 ,IT MAYBE BRIEFLY DEF9$ )9 FIVE SECTIONS1.<#a.> & 9 !SE >E ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( ,ECONOMICS4 ,!SE >E3 #a4 ,L&2 #b4 ,LABOR2 #c4 ,CAPITAL2 #d4 ,EX*ANGE2 #e4 ,9SURANCE1 OR ,SECURITY4 ,LET US SEE IF ?IS IS NOT ! NATURAL ORD] & !N1 SUBSEQU5TLY1 IF !Y >E NOT ALL SUFFICI5T TO PRODUCE EQUITY 9 9DU/RIAL ACTIVITIES )\T BREAK+ ) PROGRESS4 ,?AT IS1 ?AT ,L& IS ! S\RCE ( ALL WEAL?1 ! BASIS ( ALL ?AT CON/ITUTES SOCIAL PROGRESS4 ,= )\T ACCESS TO L& LABOR W\LD BE 9OP]ATIVE1 CAPITAL W\LD NOT AMASS1 EX*ANGE W\LD NOT RESULT1 & CIVILIZATION W\LD NOT EXI/1 = PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES FEEL NO NECESSITY = SECURITY4 ,WE MAY !RE=E UNHESITAT+LY POSIT L& AS ! FIR/ CONDITION ( SOCIAL EXI/5CE1 ! S\RCE FROM :I* >ISES CIVILIZATION1 ?AT :I* 9 ITS USE DI/+UI%ES \R SPECIES FROM O!R ANIMALS1 & RAISES US ABOVE !M4 

,?IS GRANT$1 & IT IS UNDISPUTABLE1 ! SECOND CONDITION ( LIFE IS ! UTILIZATION ( L&1 :I* 9VOLVES ! APPLICATION ( ,LABOR4 ,L& BE+ ! S\RCE ( WEAL?1 LABOR MU/ BE ! MEANS ( ITS 9CREASE1 OR ADD+ TO :AT NATURE GRATUIT\SLY SUPPLIES )\T CULTIVATION4 ,LABOR APPLI$ TO ! SOIL BY AUGM5T+ ! NATURAL YIELD ( PRODUCTS 9CREASES ! MEANS ( SUPPORT+ LIFE4 ,IF TO ! PRIMITIVE MAN NATURE YIELDS A LIV+1 TO HIM :O APPLIES LABOR ! SOIL YIELDS AN 9CREAS$ 9COME1 & H5CE DIV]SITY ( WANTS4 ,EXP]I5CE TAU<T MAN TO GA!R SE$ & PLANT = FUTURE SE$4 ,HE REALIZ$ MORE BY ! APPLICATION ( LABOR ?AN ! VIRIG9 .<SIC.> SOIL FURNI%$ UNAID$4 ,AS M5 AGGREGAT$ 9TO TRIBAL ORGANIZATION1 AS ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,TRIBAL ,SELF BR\<T COOP]ATION = DEF5SE & COMPELL$ ! RECOGNITION ( C]TA9 SOCIAL RELATIONS1 ?IS W\LD AUGM5T4 ,! NECESSITY = PROVISION W\LD 9 TIME IMPOSE ITSELF ON ?OSE /RUGGL+ = EXI/5CE :]E ! HABITAT WAS FAVORABLE & NECESSITY URG$4 ,BUT L& & LABOR CONJO9$1 LEAD+ TO L>G] RETURNS1 ALSO YIELDS MORE ?AN MAN'S TEMPOR>Y REQUIREM5TS EXACT4 ,BESIDE :AT PRES5T NE$ REQUIR$1 FUTURE NE$ DEM&$ SE$ = NEW CROPS4 ,?IS SUPPLY SAV$ OV] & ABOVE PRES5T NE$S = REPRODUCTIVE PURPOSES1 CON/ITUT$ - :AT8 

,CAPITAL1 UND\BT$LY4 ,EV]Y SE$ SO SAV$1 EV]Y PRODUCT ( LABOR RETA9$ FROM CONSUMPTION = REPRODUCTIVE USE WAS TAK5 FROM WEAL? HAD = WEAL? APPLI$ TO 9CREASE4 ,EV]Y 9CREASE BE+ WEAL?1 ?AT PORTION US$ TO FUR!R PRODUCTION GIVES US \R ?IRD FACTOR4 ,AS ?IS IS ALSO SELF EVID5T LET US PROCE$ & SEE :AT FOLL[S ! ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL4 

,LABOR APPLI$ TO L& HAV+ ACQUIR$ POSSESSION ( CAPITAL1 & ! SUPPLY = ! APPLICATION ( LABOR BE+ 9EXHAU/IBLE1 PRODUCTION W\LD 9CREASE JU/ SO F> AS DEM& EXI/$4 ,ONLY !N C\LD ,EX*ANGE FOLL[1 :I* AGA9 W\LD /IMULATE PRODUCTION BY GRATIFY+ AS WELL AS CREAT+ NEW WANTS4 ,IF EX]TION APPLI$ TO ! SOIL CAN PRODUCE MORE ?AN IS IMM$IATELY REQUIR$1 IF MAN'S PRODUCTIVE P[] IS GREAT] ?AN HIS CONSUMPTIVE CAPACITY1 IT RESULTS ?AT EX*ANGE HEI<T5S PRODUCTION4 ,?IS ALSO IS SELF EVID5T4 

,) ACCESS TO ! SOIL1 ) ABILITY TO UTILIZE IT1 ) PRODUCT SAV$ = REPRODUCTIVE USE1 & NEW WANTS BR\<T \T ?R\< EX*ANGE1 :AT REMA9S BUT ,9SURANCE AGA9/ DEPR$ATION OR LOSS1 OR ,SECURITY = ! REW>DS ( EX]TION1 ?AT IS1 ! MA9T5ANCE ( EQUITABLE RELATIONS8 ,IS !RE AU<T ELSE1 9 EQUITY1 TO ADD8 ,LET US SEE :AT EQUITY REQUIRES1 :AT ! 9DU/RIAL TYPE DEM&S1 & :]E9 MILITANCY /ILL LURKS TO PREV5T ITS REALIZATION4 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
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,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #b -- ,UPDAT$4 

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