,*APT] #b - ,! ,\TLOOK ( ,ORGANIC ,SOCIETY #aihbaihb ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 ,TEXT 3 #b4 ,! ,\TLOOK ( ,ORGANIC ,SOCIETY ,! NOTION ?AT MAN IS DE/9$ TO DOM9ATE NATURE IS BY NO MEANS A UNIV]SAL FEATURE ( HUMAN CULTURE4 ,IF ANY?+1 ?IS NOTION IS ALMO/ COMPLETELY ALI5 TO ! \TLOOK ( SO-CALL$ PRIMITIVE OR PRELIT]ATE COMMUNITIES4 ,I CANNOT EMPHASIZE TOO /RONGLY ?AT ! CONCEPT EM]G$ V]Y GRADUALLY FROM A BROAD] SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T3 ! 9CREAS+ DOM9ATION ( HUMAN BY HUMAN4 ,! BREAKD[N ( PRIMORDIAL EQUALITY 9TO HI]>*ICAL SY/EMS ( 9EQUALITY1 ! DIS9TEGRATION ( E>LY K9%IP GR\PS 9TO SOCIAL CLASSES1 ! DISSOLUTION ( TRIBAL COMMUNITIES 9TO ! CITY1 & F9ALLY ! USURPATION ( SOCIAL ADM9I/RATION BY ! ,/ATE -- ALL PR(\NDLY ALT]$ NOT ONLY SOCIAL LIFE BUT ALSO ! ATTITUDE ( PEOPLE T[>D EA* O!R1 HUMANITY'S VISION ( ITSELF1 & ULTIMATELY ITS ATTITUDE T[>D ! NATURAL WORLD4 ,9 MANY WAYS1 WE >E /ILL AGONIZ$ BY ! PROBLEMS ?AT EM]G$ ) !SE SWEEP+ *ANGES4 ,P]HAPS ONLY BY EXAM9+ ! ATTITUDES ( C]TA9 PRELIT]ATE PEOPLES CAN WE GAUGE ! EXT5T TO :I* DOM9ATION %APES ! MO/ 9TIMATE ?\ ?9K+10 RESULTS FROM A PREJUDICIAL MISREAD+ ( E>LY SOCIAL S5SIBILITIES4 ,FROM A =MAL VIEWPO9T1 !RE IS A V]Y REAL S5SE 9 :I* PRELIT]ATE PEOPLE W]E OR >E OBLIG$ TO ?9K 9 MU* ! SAME 0L9E>0 S5SE AS WE >E 9 DEAL+ ) ! MORE MUNDANE ASPECTS ( LIFE4 ,:ATEV] !IR %ORTCOM+S AS A SUB/ITUTE = WISDOM & A WORLD \TLOOK1 CONV5TIONAL LOGICAL OP]ATIONS >E NE$$ = SURVIVAL4 ,WOM5 GA!R$ PLANTS1 M5 %AP$ HUNT+ IMPLEM5TS1 & *ILDR5 CONTRIV$ GAMES ACCORD+ TO LOGICAL PROC$URES ?AT W]E CLOSELY AK9 TO \R [N4 ,BUT ?IS =MAL SIMIL>ITY IS NOT AT ISSUE 9 DISCUSS+ ! PRELIT]ATE \TLOOK T[>D SOCIETY4 ,:AT IS SIGNIFICANT AB\T ! DIFF]5CES 9 \TLOOK BETWE5 \RSELVES & PRELIT]ATE PEOPLES IS ?AT :ILE ! LATT] ?9K LIKE US 9 A /RUCTURAL S5SE1 !IR ?9K+ OCCURS 9 A CULTURAL CONTEXT ?AT IS FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T FROM \RS4 ,AL?\< !IR LOGICAL OP]ATIONS MAY BE ID5TICAL TO \RS =MALLY1 !IR VALUES DIFF] FROM \RS QUALITATIVELY4 ,! FUR!R BACK WE GO TO COMMUNITIES ?AT LACK ECONOMIC CLASSES & A POLITICAL ,/ATE -- COMMUNITIES ?AT MIITY 9T]NALLY & ) ! NATURAL WORLD -- ! GREAT] EVID5CE WE F9D ( AN \TLOOK T[>D LIFE ?AT VISUALIZ$ PEOPLE1 ?+S1 & RELATIONS 9 T]MS ( !IR UNIQU5ESS RA!R ?AN !IR 0SUP]IORITY0 OR 09F]IORITY40 ,TO SU* COMMUNITIES1 9DIVIDUALS & ?+S W]E NOT NECESS>ILY BETT] OR WORSE ?AN EA* O!R2 !Y W]E SIMPLY DISSIMIL>4 ,EA* WAS PRIZ$ = ITSELF1 9DE$1 = ITS UNIQUE TRAITS4 ,! CONCEPTION ( 9DIVIDUAL AUTONOMY HAD NOT YET ACQUIR$ ! FICTIVE 0SOV]EIGNTY0 IT HAS A*IEV$ TODAY4 ,! WORLD WAS P]CEIV$ AS A COMPOSITE ( MANY DIFF]5T P>TS1 EA* 9DISP5SABLE TO ITS UNITY & H>MONY4 ,9DIVIDUALITY1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT IT DID NOT CONFLICT ) ! COMMUNITY 9T]E/ ON :I* ! SURVIVAL ( ALL DEP5D$1 WAS SE5 MORE 9 T]MS ( 9T]DEP5D5CE ?AN 9DEP5D5CE4 ,V>IETY WAS PRIZ$ )9 ! L>G] TAPE/RY ( ! COMMUNITY -- AS A PRICELESS +R$I5T ( COMMUNAL UNITY4 ,9 ! V>I\S ORGANIC SOCIETIES :]E ?IS \TLOOK /ILL PREVAILS1 NOTIONS SU* AS 0EQUALITY0 & 0FRE$OM0 DO NOT EXI/4 ,!Y >E IMPLICIT 9 ! V]Y \TLOOK ITSELF4 ,MOREOV]1 BECAUSE !Y >E NOT PLAC$ 9 JUXTAPOSITION TO ! CONCEPTS ( 09EQUALITY0 & 0UNFRE$OM10 !SE NOTIONS LACK DEF9ABILITY4 ,AS ,DORO?Y ,LEE OBS]V$ 9 H] DEEPLY 9CISIVE & S5SITIVE ESSAYS ON ?IS \TLOOK3 ,EQUALITY EXI/S 9 ! V]Y NATURE ( ?+S1 AS A BYPRODUCT ( ! DEMOCRATIC /RUCTURE ( ! CULTURE ITSELF1 NOT AS A PR9CIPLE TO BE APPLI$4 ,9 SU* SOCIETIES1 !RE IS NO ATTEMPT TO A*IEVE ! GOAL ( EQUALITY1 & 9 FACT !RE IS NO CONCEPT ( EQUALITY4 ,(T51 !RE IS NO L+UI/IC ME*ANISM :ATEV] = COMP>ISON4 ,:AT WE F9D IS ABSOLUTE RESPECT = MAN1 = ALL 9DIVIDUALS IRRESPECTIVE ( AGE & SEX4.<#g.> ,! ABS5CE ( CO]CIVE & DOM9E]+ VALUES 9 ORGANIC CULTURES IS P]HAPS BE/ ILLU/RAT$ BY ! SYNTAX ( ! ,W9TU ,9DIANS1 A PEOPLE ?AT ,LEE /UDI$ V]Y CLOSELY4 ,%E NOTES ?AT T]MS COMMONLY EXPRESSIVE ( CO]CION 9 MOD]N LANGUAGES >E >RANG$1 9 ,W9TU SYNTAX1 TO D5OTE COOP]ATIVE BEHAVIOR 9/EAD4 ,A ,W9TU MO!R1 = EXAMPLE1 DOES NOT 0TAKE0 A BABY 9TO ! %ADE2 %E GOES ) IT4 ,A *IEF DOES NOT 0RULE0 HIS PEOPLE2 HE /&S ) !M4 0,!Y NEV] SAY1 & 9 FACT !Y CANNOT SAY1 AS WE DO1 ',I HAVE A SI/]1' OR A 'SON1' OR 'HUSB&1'0 ,LEE OBS]VES4 0,TO LIVE ) IS ! USUAL WAY 9 :I* !Y EXPRESS :AT WE CALL POSSESSION1 & !Y USE ?IS T]M = EV]Y?+ ?AT !Y RESPECT1 SO ?AT A MAN WILL BE SAID TO LIVE ) HIS B[ & >R[S40 ,! PHRASE 0TO LIVE )0 IMPLIES NOT ONLY A DEEP S5SE ( MUTUAL RESPECT = P]SON & A HI< REG>D = 9DIVIDUAL VOLUNT>ISM2 IT ALSO IMPLIES A PR(\ND S5SE ( UNITY BETWE5 ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! GR\P4 ,WE NE$ NOT GO ANY FUR!R ?AN AN EXAM9ATION ( ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN LIFE TO F9D ABUNDANT EVID5CE ( ?IS FACT4 ,! TRADITIONAL SOCIETY ( ! ,HOPI WAS GE>$ 5TIRELY T[>D GR\P SOLID>ITY4 ,NE>LY ALL ! BASIC TASKS ( ! COMMUNITY1 FROM PLANT+ TO FOOD PREP>ATION1 W]E DONE COOP]ATIVELY4 ,TOGE!R ) ! ADULTS1 *ILDR5 P>TICIPAT$ 9 MO/ ( !SE TASKS4 ,AT EV]Y AGE LEVEL1 ! 9DIVIDUAL WAS *>G$ ) A S5SE ( RESPONSIBILITY = ! COMMUNITY4 ,SO ALL-P]VASIVE W]E !SE GR\P ATTITUDES ?AT ,HOPI *ILDR51 PLAC$ 9 S*OOLS ADM9I/]$ BY :ITES1 C\LD BE P]SUAD$ ONLY ) ! GREATE/ DIFFICULTY TO KEEP SCORE 9 COMPETITIVE GAMES4 ,!SE /RONG ATTITUDES ( 9TRAGR\P SOLID>ITY W]E FO/]$ 9 ! E>LIE/ DAYS ( ,HOPI *ILDHOOD & CONT9U$ ?R\< LIFE4 ,!Y BEGAN 9 9FANCY ) ! PROCESS ( WEAN+1 :I* EMPHASIZ$ 9T]DEP5D5CE BETWE5 ,HOPI 9DIVIDUALS & ! GR\P -- 9 M>K$ CONTRA/ TO ! SURR\ND+ :ITE CULTURE'S EMPHASIS ON 09DEP5D5CE40 ,WEAN+ IS NOT M]ELY 0A TRANSITION FROM MILK TO SOLID FOODS10 OBS]VES ,DORO?Y ,EGGAN 9 A /UDY ( ,HOPI SOCIALIZATION4 0,IT IS ALSO A GRADUAL PROCESS ( A*IEV+ 9DEP5D5CE FROM ! COM=T ( ! MO!R'S BODY & C>E1 ( TRANSF]R+ AFFECTIONS TO O!R P]SONS1 & ( F9D+ SATISFACTIONS )9 ONESELF & 9 ! \TSIDE WORLD40 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 MANY :ITES 0>E NEV] WEAN$1 :I* HAS UN=TUNATE CONSEQU5CES 9 A SOCIETY :]E 9DIVIDUAL EF=T & 9DEP5D5CE >E /RESS$4 ,! ,HOPI *ILD1 ON ! O!R H&1 FROM ! DAY ( HIS BIR? WAS BE+ WEAN$ FROM HIS BIOLOGICAL MO!R40 ,BUT ?IS WEAN+ PROCESS RESULT$ NOT FROM SOCIAL 9DIFF]5CE OR MAT]NAL NEGLECT4 ,TO ! CONTR>Y1 & V]Y *>ACT]I/ICALLY3 ,MANY >MS GAVE HIM COM=T1 MANY FACES SMIL$ AT HIM1 & FROM A V]Y E>LY AGE HE WAS GIV5 BITS ( FOOD :I* W]E *EW$ BY V>I\S MEMB]S ( ! FAMILY & PLAC$ 9 HIS M\?4 ,SO = A ,HOPI1 ! \TSIDE WORLD 9 :I* HE NE$$ TO F9D SATISFACTION WAS NEV] F> AWAY4 ,FROM ?IS FEEL+ ( UNITY BETWE5 ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! COMMUNITY EM]GES A FEEL+ ( UNITY BETWE5 ! COMMUNITY & ITS 5VIRONM5T4 ,PSY*OLOGICALLY1 PEOPLE 9 ORGANIC COMMUNITIES MU/ BELIEVE ?AT !Y EX]CISE A GREAT] 9FLU5CE ON NATURAL =CES ?AN IS ACTUALLY AF=D$ !M BY !IR RELATIVELY SIMPLE TE*NOLOGY4 ,SU* A BELIEF IS FO/]$ BY GR\P RITUALS & MAGICAL PROC$URES4 ,ELABORATE AS !SE RITUALS & PROC$URES MAY BE1 H[EV]1 HUMANITY'S S5SE ( DEP5D5CE ON ! NATURAL WORLD1 9DE$1 ON ITS IMM$IATE 5VIRONM5T1 NEV] DISAPPE>S4 ,AL?\< ?IS S5SE ( DEP5D5CE MAY G5]ATE ABJECT FE> OR AN EQUALLY ABJECT REV]5CE1 !RE IS A PO9T 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ORGANIC SOCIETY :]E IT VISIBLY G5]ATES A S5SE ( SYMBIOSIS1 ( COMMUNAL 9T]DEP5D5CE & COOP]ATION1 ?AT T5DS TO TRANSC5D RAW FEEL+S ( T]ROR & AWE4 ,H]E1 PEOPLE NOT ONLY PROPITIATE P[]FUL =CES OR TRY TO MANIPULATE !M2 !IR C]EMONIALS HELP 7AS !Y SEE IT7 9 A CREATIVE S5SE3 !Y AID 9 MULTIPLY+ FOOD ANIMALS1 OR 9 BR++ *ANGES 9 WEA!R & SEASON1 OR 9 PROMOT+ ! F]TILITY ( CROPS4 ,! ORGANIC COMMUNITY IS CONCEIV$ TO BE P>T ( ! BALANCE ( NATURE -- A =E/ COMMUNITY OR A SOIL COMMUNITY -- 9 %ORT1 A TRULY ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY OR ECOCOMMUNITY PECULI> TO ITS ECOSY/EM1 ) AN ACTIVE S5SE ( P>TICIPATION 9 ! OV]ALL 5VIRONM5T & ! CYCLES ( NATURE4 ,! F9E DI/9CTION BETWE5 FE> & REV]5CE BECOMES MORE EVID5T :5 WE TURN TO ACC\NTS ( C]TA9 C]EMONIALS AMONG PRELIT]ATE PEOPLES4 ,ASIDE FROM C]EMONIALS & RITUALS *>ACT]IZ$ BY SOCIAL FUNCTIONS1 SU* AS 9ITIATION RITES1 WE 5C\NT] O!RS M>K$ BY ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS4 ,AMONG ! ,HOPI1 MAJOR HORTICULTURAL C]EMONIES HAVE ! ROLE ( SUMMON+ =? ! CYCLES ( ! COSMIC ORD]1 ( ACTUALIZ+ ! SOL/ICES & ! DIFF]5T /AGES 9 ! GR[? ( MAIZE FROM G]M9ATION TO MATURATION4 ,AL?\< ?IS ORD] & !SE /AGES >E KN[N TO BE PR$ET]M9$1 HUMAN C]EMONIAL 9VOLVEM5T IS AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( ?AT PR$ET]M9ATION4 ,9 CONTRA/ TO /RICTLY MAGICAL PROC$URES1 ,HOPI C]EMONIES ASSIGN A P>TICIPATORY RA!R ?AN A MANIPULATORY FUNCTION TO HUMANS4 ,PEOPLE PLAY A COMPLEM5T>Y ROLE 9 NATURAL CYCLES3 !Y FACILITATE ! WORK+S ( ! COSMIC ORD]4 ,!IR C]EMONIES >E P>T ( A COMPLEX WEB ( LIFE ?AT EXT5DS FROM ! G]M9ATION ( CORN TO ! >RIVAL ( ! SOL/ICES4 ,AS ,DORO?Y ,LEE OBS]V$1 ,EV]Y ASPECT ( NATURE1 PLANTS & ROCKS & ANIMALS1 COLORS & C>D9AL DIRECTIONS & NUMB]S & SEX DI/9CTIONS1 ! DEAD & ! LIV+1 ALL HAVE A COOP]ATIVE %>E 9 ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! UNIV]SAL ORD]4 ,EV5TUALLY1 ! EF=T ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL1 HUMAN OR NOT1 GOES 9TO ?IS HUGE :OLE4 ,& H]E1 TOO1 IT IS EV]Y ASPECT ( A P]SON :I* C\NTS4 ,! 5TIRE BE+ ( ! ,HOPI 9DIVIDUAL AFFECTS ! BALANCE ( NATURE2 & AS EA* 9DIVIDUAL DEVELOPS HIS 9N] POT5TIAL1 SO HE 5HANCES HIS P>TICIPATION1 SO DOES ! 5TIRE UNIV]SE BECOME 9VIGORAT$4 ,CONTEMPOR>Y ECOLOGICAL RHETORIC T5DS TO BLUR ! WEAL? ( IMPLICATIONS ?AT FOLL[ FROM ! 9TEGRATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 COMMUNITY1 & 5VIRONM5T 9TO A 0UNIV]SAL ORD]40 ,S9CE ,LEE P5N$ !SE L9ES1 ALMO/ EV]Y ONE ( H] WORDS HAVE BECOME ! *EAP CO9 ( ! 0HUMAN POT5TIAL0 MOVEM5T4 ,PRELIT]ATE CULTURES1 9 FACT1 (T5 BEG9 ) A COSMOLOGY CONSI/+ ( ! CONCLUSIONS ?AT \R CURR5T B\QUET ( MY/ICS PR(ESS TO ATTA94 ,TO ORGANIC SOCIETIES1 ! PUZZL+ COSMOLOGICAL ISSUE IS NOT LIFE1 :I* EXI/S EV]Y:]E & 9 ALL ?+S2 ! PUZZLE IS DEA?1 ! 9EXPLICABLY UNIQUE CONDITION ( NONLIV+ & H5CE NONBE+4 0,S\L10 9 SOME S5SE1 P]MEATES ! 5TIRETY ( EXI/5CE2 ! 0DEAD0 MATT] ?AT SCI5CE HAS GIV5 US S9CE ! ,R5AISSANCE1 AS ,HANS ,JONAS HAS SO S5SITIVELY PO9T$ \T1 0WAS YET TO BE DISCOV]$ -- AS 9DE$ ITS CONCEPT1 SO FAMILI> TO US1 IS ANY?+ BUT OBVI\S40 ,:AT IS MO/ NATURAL TO ORGANIC SOCIETIES IS AN AB\ND+LY FECUND1 ALL-5COMPASS+ 0LIV+NESS0 ?AT IS 9TEGRAL TO ITS KN[+NESS1 A WORLD ( LIFE ?AT 0OCCUPIES ! :OLE =EGR\ND EXPOS$ TO MAN'S IMM$IATE VIEW4 4 4 4 ,E>?1 W9D1 & WAT] -- BEGETT+1 TEEM+1 NURTUR+1 DE/ROY+ -- >E ANY?+ BUT MODELS ( 'M]E MATT]4'0 ,! DIRECT 9VOLVEM5T ( HUMANITY ) NATURE IS ?US NOT AN AB/RACTION1 & ,DORO?Y ,LEE'S ACC\NT ( ! ,HOPI C]EMONIALS IS NOT A DESCRIPTION ( 0PRIMITIVE MAN'S SCI5CE10 AS ,VICTORIAN AN?ROPOLOGI/S BELIEV$4 ,NATURE BEG9S AS LIFE4 ,FROM ! V]Y \TSET ( HUMAN CONSCI\SNESS1 IT 5T]S DIRECTLY 9TO CONSOCIATION ) HUMANITY -- NOT M]ELY H>MONIZATION OR EV5 BALANCE4 ,NATURE AS LIFE EATS AT EV]Y REPA/1 SUCCORS EV]Y NEW BIR?1 GR[S ) EV]Y *ILD1 AIDS EV]Y H& ?AT ?R[S A SPE> OR PLUCKS A PLANT1 W>MS ITSELF AT ! HE>? 9 ! DANC+ %AD[S1 & SITS AMID ! C\NCILS ( ! COMMUNITY JU/ AS ! RU/LE ( ! LEAVES & GRASSES IS P>T ( ! AIR ITSELF -- NOT M]ELY A S\ND BORNE ON ! W9D4 ,ECOLOGICAL C]EMONIALS VALIDATE ! 0CITIZ5%IP0 NATURE ACQUIRES AS P>T ( ! HUMAN 5VIRONM5T4 0,! ,PEOPLE0 7TO USE ! NAME ?AT MANY PRELIT]ATE COMMUNITIES GIVE TO !MSELVES7 DO NOT DISAPPE> 9TO NATURE OR NATURE 9TO 0! ,PEOPLE40 ,BUT NATURE IS NOT M]ELY A HABITAT2 IT IS A P>TICIPANT ?AT ADVISES ! COMMUNITY ) ITS OM5S1 SECURES IT ) ITS CAM\FLAGE1 LEAVES IT TELLTALE MESSAGES 9 BROK5 TWIGS & FOOTPR9TS1 :ISP]S W>N+S TO IT 9 ! W9D'S VOICE1 N\RI%ES IT ) A L>GESSE ( PLANTS & ANIMALS1 & 9 ITS C\NTLESS FUNCTIONS & C\NSELS IS ABSORB$ 9TO ! COMMUNITY'S NEXUS ( RITICULAT$ 9T]FACE BETWE5 SOCIETY & NATURE ?AN CONCEPTS ?AT DEAL ) ! NATURAL WORLD AS A 0MATRIX10 0BACKGR\ND10 OR WORSE1 0PRECONDITION0 = ! SOCIAL WORLD4 ,9DE$1 F> FROM DEAL+ ) NATURE AS AN 0,IT0 OR A 0,?\0 7TO USE ,M>T9 ,SUB]'S T]MS71 ! C]EMONIAL VALIDATES NATURE AS K91 A BLOOD$1 ALL-IMPORTANT E/ATE ?AT WORDS LIKE CITIZ5 CAN NEV] ATTA94 ,NATURE IS NAM$ EV5 BE=E IF IS DEIFI$2 IT IS P]SONIFI$ AS P>T ( ! COMMUNITY BE=E IT IS RAIS$ ABOVE IT AS 0SUP]NATURE40 ,TO ! PYGMIES ( ! ,ITURI =E/1 IT IS 0,NDURA0 & TO ! SETTL$ ,BANTU VILLAG]S ! SAME WORD /RICTLY DESIGNATES ! =E/ ?AT ! PYGMIES REG>D AS A V]ITABLE 5TITY 9 ITSELF1 ACTIVE & =MATIVE 9 ALL ITS FUNCTIONS4 ,H5CE1 ! V]Y NOTION ( NATURE IS ALWAYS SOCIAL AT ?IS PO9T 9 HUMAN DEVELOPM5T -- 9 AN ONTOLOGICAL S5SE ?AT ! PROTOPLASM ( HUMANK9D RETA9S AN ABID+ CONT9UITY ) ! PROTOPLASM ( NATURE4 ,TO SPEAK 9 ! LANGUAGE ( ORGANIC SOCIETY1 ! BLOOD ?AT FL[S BETWE5 ! COMMUNITY & NATURE 9 ! PROCESS ( BE+ K9 IS CIRCULAT$ BY DI/9CT ACTS ( ! COMMUNITY3 C]EMONIALS1 DANCES1 DRAMAS1 SONGS1 DECORATIONS1 & SYMBOLS4 ,! DANC]S :O IMITATE ANIMALS 9 !IR GE/URES OR BIRDS 9 !IR CALLS >E 5GAG$ 9 MORE ?AN M]E MIMESIS2 !Y =M A COMMUNAL & *ORAL UNITY ) NATURE1 A UNITY ?AT $GES 9TO ! 9TIMATE 9T]C\RSE ( SEXUALITY1 BIR? & ! 9T]*ANGE ( BLOOD4 ,BY VIRTUE ( A COMMUNITY SOLID>ITY ?AT SU* WIDELY B&I$ T]MS AS /EW>D%IP CAN H>DLY CONVEY1 ORGANIC SOCIETIES 0HE>0 A NATURE & 0SPEAK0 = A NATURE ?AT WILL BE SL[LY MUFFL$ & MUT$ BY ! 0CIVILIZATIONS0 ?AT GA9 HI/ORIC ASC5DANCY OV] !M4 ,UNTIL !N1 NATURE IS NO SIL5T WORLD OR PASSIVE 5VIRONM5T LACK+ MEAN+ BEYOND ! DICTATES ( HUMAN MANIPULATION4 ,H5CE1 SOCIAL ECOLOGY HAS ITS ORIG9S 9 HUMANITY'S 9ITIAL AW>5ESS ( ITS [N SOCIALITY -- NOT M]ELY AS A COGNITIVE DIM5SION ( EPI/EMOLOGY BUT AS AN ONTOLOGICAL CONSOCIATION ) ! NATURAL WORLD4 ,I DO NOT MEAN TO D5Y ! OLD EPI/EMOLOGICAL CANON ?AT HUMAN BE+S SEE NATURE 9 SOCIAL T]MS1 PRE=M$ BY SOCIAL CATEGORIES & 9T]E/S4 ,BUT ?IS CANON REQUIRES FUR!R >TICULATION & ELABORATION4 ,! WORD SOCIAL %\LD NOT SWEEP US 9TO A DELUGE ( 9TELLECTUAL AB/RACTIONS ?AT IGNORE ! DI/9CTIONS BETWE5 ONE SOCIAL =M & ANO!R4 ,IT IS EASY TO SEE ?AT ORGANIC SOCIETY'S H>MONIZ$ VIEW ( NATURE FOLL[S DIRECTLY FROM ! H>MONIZ$ RELATIONS )9 ! E>LY HUMAN COMMUNITY4 ,JU/ AS M$IEVAL !OLOGY /RUCTUR$ ! ,*RI/IAN HEAV5 ON FEUDAL L9ES1 SO PEOPLE ( ALL AGES HAVE PROJECT$ !IR SOCIAL /RUCTURES ONTO ! NATURAL WORLD4 ,TO ! ,ALGONQUIANS ( ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN =E/S1 BEAV]S LIV$ 9 CLANS & LODGES ( !IR [N1 WISELY COOP]AT+ TO PROMOTE ! WELL-BE+ ( ! COMMUNITY4 ,ANIMALS ALSO HAD !IR MAGIC1 !IR TOTEM ANCE/ORS 7! ELD] BRO!R71 & W]E 9VIGORAT$ BY ! ,MANIT\1 :OSE SPIRIT N\RI%$ ! 5TIRE COSMOS4 ,ACCORD+LY1 ANIMALS HAD TO BE CONCILIAT$ OR ELSE !Y MIT ( ! \TLOOK ( PRELIT]ATE PEOPLE T[>D NATURE & ! 9T]PLAY BETWE5 ! NATURAL WORLD & ! SOCIAL4 ,WE HAVE YET TO F9D A LANGUAGE ?AT ADEQUATELY 5COMPASSES ! QUALITY ( ?IS DEEPLY EMB$D$ COOP]ATIVE SPIRIT4 ,EXPRESSIONS LIKE 0LOVE ( NATURE0 OR 0COMMUNISM10 NOT TO SPEAK ( ! J>GON FAVOR$ BY CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIOLOGY1 >E P]MEAT$ BY ! PROBLEMATICAL RELATION%IPS ( \R [N SOCIETY & M5TALITY4 ,PRELIT]ATE HUMANS DID NOT HAVE TO 0LOVE0 NATURE2 !Y LIV$ 9 A K9%IP RELATION%IP ) IT1 A RELATION%IP MORE PRIM>Y ?AN \R USE ( ! T]M LOVE4 ,!Y W\LD NOT DI/+UI% BETWE5 \R 0ES!TIC0 S5SE ON ?IS SCORE & !IR [N FUNCTIONAL APPROA* TO ! NATURAL WORLD1 BECAUSE NATURAL BEAUTY IS !RE TO BEG9 ) -- 9 ! V]Y CRADLE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL'S EXP]I5CE4 ,! POETIC LANGUAGE ?AT AWAK5S SU* ADMIRATION AMONG :ITES :O 5C\NT] ! SPOKESM5 = ,9DIAN GRIEVANCES IS R>ELY 0POETRY0 TO ! SPEAK]2 RA!R1 IT IS AN UNCONSCI\S ELOQU5CE ?AT REFLECTS ! DIGNITY ( ,9DIAN LIFE4 ,SO TOO ) O!R ELEM5TS ( ORGANIC SOCIETY & ITS VALUES3 COOP]ATION IS TOO PRIM>Y TO BE ADEQUATELY EXPRESS$ 9 ! LANGUAGE ( WE/]N SOCIETY4 ,FROM ! \TSET ( LIFE1 CO]CION 9 DEAL+ ) *ILDR5 IS SO NOTABLY R>E 9 MO/ PRELIT]ATE COMMUNITIES ?AT WE/]N OBS]V]S >E (T5 A/ONI%$ BY ! G5TL5ESS ) :I* SO-CALL$ PRIMITIVES DEAL ) ! MO/ 9TRACTABLE ( !IR Y\NG4 ,YET 9 PRELIT]ATE COMMUNITIES ! P>5TS >E NOT 0P]MISSIVE02 !Y SIMPLY RESPECT ! P]SONALITY ( !IR *ILDR51 MU* AS !Y DO ?AT ( ! ADULTS 9 !IR COMMUNITIES4 ,UNTIL AGE HI]>*IES BEG9 TO EM]GE1 ! EV]YDAY BEHAVIOR ( P>5TS FO/]S AN ALMO/ UNBROK5 CONT9UITY 9 ! LIVES ( ! Y\NG BETWE5 ! YE>S ( *ILDHOOD & ADUL?OOD4 ,F>LEY ,M[ATT1 A BIOLOGI/ :O LIV$ ON ! ,CANADIAN B>R5S AMONG ! LA/ REMNANT B& ( ! ,IHALMIUT ,ESKIMO1 NOT$ ?AT IF A BOY WI%$ TO BECOME A HUNT]1 HE WAS NOT SCOLD$ = HIS PRESUMPTION OR TREAT$ ) AMUS$ CONDESC5SION4 ,TO ! CONTR>Y1 HIS FA!R S]I\SLY FA%ION$ A M9IATURE B[ & SOME >R[S ?AT W]E G5U9E WEAPONS1 NOT TOYS4 ,! BOY !N W5T \T TO HUNT1 5C\RAG$ BY ALL ! TRADITIONAL WORDS ( GOOD LUCK ?AT ! ,IHALMIUT ACCORD$ AN EXP]I5C$ ADULT4 ,ON HIS RETURN1 ,M[ATT TELLS US1 ,HE IS GREET$ AS GRAVELY AS IF HE W]E HIS FA!R4 ,! :OLE CAMP WI%ES TO HE> ( HIS HUNT1 & HE CAN EXPECT ! SAME RIDICULE AT FAILURE1 OR ! SAME PRAISE IF HE MANAG$ TO KILL A LITTLE BIRD1 :I* W\LD COME UPON A FULL GR[N MAN4 ,SO HE PLAYS1 & LE>NS1 UND] NO %AD[ ( P>5TAL DISAPPROVAL1 & UND] NO RE/RA9T ( FE>4 ,! ,IHALMIUT >E NOT EXCEPTIONAL4 ,! 9H]5TLY NONAU?ORIT>IAN RELATION%IPS ,M[ATT 5C\NT]$ BETWE5 ,ESKIMO *ILDR5 & ADULTS IS /ILL QUITE COMMON 9 SURVIV+ ORGANIC SOCIETIES4 ,IT EXT5DS NOT ONLY TO TIES BETWE51 *ILDR5 & ADULTS BUT ALSO TO ! PREVAIL+ NOTIONS ( PROP]TY1 EX*ANGE1 & LEAD]%IP4 ,H]E AGA91 ! T]M9OLOGY ( WE/]N SOCIETY FAILS US4 ,! WORD PROP]TY CONNOTES AN 9DIVIDUAL APPROPRIATION ( GOODS1 A P]SONAL CLAIM TO TOOLS1 L&1 & O!R RES\RCES4 ,CONCEIV$ 9 ?IS LOOSE S5SE1 PROP]TY IS FAIRLY COMMON 9 ORGANIC SOCIETIES1 EV5 9 GR\PS ?AT HAVE A V]Y SIMPLE1 UNDEVELOP$ TE*NOLOGY4 ,BY ! SAME TOK51 COOP]ATIVE WORK & ! %>+ ( RES\RCES ON A SCALE ?AT C\LD BE CALL$ COMMUNI/IC IS ALSO FAIRLY COMMON4 ,ON BO? ! PRODUCTIVE SIDE ( ECONOMIC LIFE & ! CONSUMPTIVE1 APPROPRIATION ( TOOLS1 WEAPONS1 FOOD1 & EV5 CLO?+ MAY RANGE WIDELY -- (T5 IDIOSYNCRATICALLY1 9 WE/]N EYES -- FROM ! POSSESSIVE & SEEM+LY 9DIVIDUALI/IC TO ! MO/ METICUL\S1 (T5 RITUALI/IC1 P>CEL+ \T ( A H>VE/ OR A HUNT AMONG MEMB]S ( A COMMUNITY4 ,BUT PRIM>Y TO BO? ( !SE SEEM+LY CONTRA/+ RELATION%IPS IS ! PRACTICE ( USUFRUCT1 ! FRE$OM ( 9DIVIDUALS 9 A COMMUNITY TO APPROPRIATE RES\RCES M]ELY BY VIRTUE ( ! FACT ?AT !Y >E US+ !M4 ,SU* RES\RCES BELONG TO ! US] AS LONG AS !Y >E BE+ US$4 ,FUNCTION1 9 EFFECT1 REPLACES \R HALL[$ CONCEPT ( POSSESSION -- NOT M]ELY AS A LOAN OR EV5 0MUTUAL AID10 BUT AS AN UNCONSCI\S EMPHASIS ON USE ITSELF1 ON NE$ ?AT IS FREE ( PSY*OLOGICAL 5TANGLEM5TS ) PROPRIETOR%IP1 WORK1 & EV5 RECIPROCITY4 ,! WE/]N ID5TIFICATION ( 9DIVIDUALITY ) [N]%IP & P]SONALITY ) CRAFT -- ! LATT] LAD5 ) A METAPHYSICS ( SELFHOOD AS EXPRESS$ 9 A CRAFT$ OBJECT WRE/$ BY HUMAN P[]S FROM AN 9TRACTABLE NATURE -- HAS YET TO EM]GE FROM ! NOTION ( USE ITSELF & ! GUILELESS 5JOYM5T ( NE$$ ?+S4 ,NE$1 9 EFFECT1 /ILL OR*E/RATES WORK TO ! PO9T :]E PROP]TY ( ANY K9D1 COMMUNAL OR O!RWISE1 HAS YET TO ACQUIRE 9DEP5D5CE FROM ! CLAIMS ( SATISFACTION4 ,A COLLECTIVE NE$ SUBTLY OR*E/RATES WORK1 NOT P]SONAL NE$ ALONE1 = ! COLLECTIVE CLAIM IS IMPLICIT 9 ! PRIMACY ( USUFRUCT OV] PROPRIETOR%IP4 ,H5CE1 EV5 ! WORK P]=M$ 9 ONE'S [N DWELL+ HAS AN UND]LY+ COLLECTIVE DIM5SION 9 ! POT5TIAL AVAILABILITY ( ITS PRODUCTS TO ! 5TIRE COMMUNITY4 ,COMMUNAL PROP]TY1 ONCE PROP]TY ITSELF HAS BECOME A CATEGORY ( CONSCI\SNESS1 ALREADY M>KS ! FIR/ /EP T[>D PRIVATE PROP]TY -- JU/ AS RECIPROCITY1 ONCE IT TOO BECOMES A CATEGORY ( CONSCI\SNESS1 M>KS ! FIR/ /EP T[>D EX*ANGE4 ,PR\DHON'S CELEBRATION ( 0MUTUAL AID0 & CONTRACTUAL F$]ALISM1 LIKE ,M>X'S CELEBRATION ( COMMUNAL PROP]TY & PLANN$ PRODUCTION1 M>K NO APPRECIABLE ADVANCE OV] ! PRIMAL PR9CIPLE ( USUFRUCT4 ,BO? ?9K]S W]E CAPTIVE TO ! NOTION ( 9T]E/1 TO ! RATIONAL SATISFACTION ( EGOTISM4 ,!RE MAY HAVE BE5 A P]IOD 9 HUMANITY'S E>LY DEVELOPM5T :5 9T]E/ HAD NOT YET EM]G$ TO REPLACE COMPLEM5T>ITY1 ! DIS9T]E/$ WILL+NESS TO POOL NE$$ ?+S & NE$$ S]VICES4 ,!RE WAS A TIME :5 ,GONTRAN DE ,PONC9S1 W&]+ 9TO ! MO/ REMOTE REA*ES ( ! ,>CTIC1 C\LD /ILL 5C\NT] 0! PURE1 ! TRUE ,ESKIMOS1 ! ,ESKIMOS :O KNEW NOT H[ TO LIE0 -- & H5CE TO MANIPULATE1 TO CALCULATE1 TO PROJECT A PRIVATE 9T]E/ BEYOND SOCIAL NE$4 ,H]E1 COMMUNITY ATTA9$ A COMPLET5ESS SO EXQUISITE & >TLESS ?AT NE$$ ?+S & S]VICES FIT TOGE!R 9 A LOVELY MOSAIC ) A HAUNT+ P]SONALITY ( ITS [N4 ,WE %\LD NOT DISDA9 !SE ALMO/ UTOPIAN GLIMPSES ( HUMANITY'S POT5TIALITIES1 ) !IR UNSULLI$ QUALITIES = GIV+ & COLLECTIVITY4 ,PRELIT]ATE PEOPLES ?AT /ILL LACK AN 0,I0 ) :I* TO REPLACE A 0WE0 >E NOT 7AS ,LEVY-,BRUHL WAS TO SUGGE/7 DEFICI5T 9 9DIVIDUALITY AS MU* AS !Y >E RI* 9 COMMUNITY4 ,?IS IS A GREATNESS ( WEAL? ?AT CAN YIELD A L(TY DISDA9 = OBJECTS4.<#h.> ,COOP]ATION1 AT ?IS PO9T1 IS MORE ?AN JU/ A CEM5T BETWE5 MEMB]S ( ! GR\P2 IT IS AN ORGANIC MELD+ ( ID5TITIES ?AT1 )\T LOS+ 9DIVIDUAL UNIQU5ESS1 RETA9S & FO/]S ! UNITY ( CONSOCIATION4 ,CONTRACT1 =C$ 9TO ?IS :OL5ESS1 S]VES M]ELY TO SUBV]T IT-TURN+ AN UN?9K+ S5SE ( RESPONSIBILITY 9TO A CALCULAT+ NEXUS ( AID & AN UNCONSCI\S S5SE ( COLLECTIVITY 9TO A PRE5+ S5SE ( MUTUALITY4 ,AS = RECIPROCITY1 SO (T5 CIT$ AS ! HIITY )9 !M4 ,USUFRUCT1 9 %ORT1 DIFF]S QUALITATIVELY FROM ! QUID PRO QUO ( RECIPROCITY1 EX*ANGE1 & MUTUAL AID -- ALL ( :I* >E TRAPP$ )9 HI/ORY'S DEMEAN+ ACC\NT BOOKS ) !IR 0JU/0 RATIOS & !IR 0HONE/0 BALANCE %EETS4 ,CAUI?METIC4 ,! HUMAN SPIRIT CAN NEV] TRANSC5D A QUANTITATIVE WORLD ( 0FAIR DEAL+S0 BETWE5 CANNY EGOS :OSE IDEOLOGY ( 9T]E/ B>ELY CONCEALS A MEAN-SPIRIT$ PROCLIVITY = ACQUISITION4 ,TO BE SURE1 SOCIAL =CES W]E TO FRACTURE ! HUMAN COLLECTIVITY BY 9TRODUC+ CONTRACTUAL TIES & CULTIVAT+ ! EGO'S MO/ ACQUISITIVE IMPULSES4 ,9S(> AS ! GUILELESS PEOPLES ( ORGANIC SOCIETIES HELD TO ! VALUES ( USUFRUCT 9 AN UNCONSCI\S MANN]1 !Y REMA9$ T]RIBLY VULN]ABLE TO ! LURE1 (T5 ! H>% IMPOSITION1 ( AN EM]G+ CONTRACTUAL WORLD4 ,R>ELY IS HI/ORY NOTABLE = ITS CAPACITY TO SELECT & PRES]VE ! MO/ VIRTU\S TRAITS ( HUMANITY4 ,BUT !RE IS /ILL NO REASON :Y HOPE1 RE9=C$ BY CONSCI\SNESS & R$OL5T ) ANCE/RAL MEMORIES1 MAY NOT L+] )9 US AS AN AW>5ESS ( :AT HUMANITY HAS BE5 9 ! PA/ & :AT IT CAN BECOME 9 ! FUTURE4 ,CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS -- ( MORE PROP]LY1 ! 0TREATIES0 & 0OA?S0 ?AT GIVE SPECIFIABLE =MS TO COMMUNITY LIFE-MAY HAVE S]V$ HUMANITY WELL :5 COMPELL+ NE$ OR ! P]PLEXITIES ( AN 9CREAS+LY COMPLEX SOCIAL 5VIRONM5T PLAC$ A PREMIUM ON A CLE>LY DEF9$ SY/EM ( RIE RESPONSIBLE = EA* O!R & H[ !Y MU/ DEAL ) EXOG5\S FACTORS -- P>TICUL>LY NE>BY COMMUNITIES -- ?AT IMP+E ON !M4 ,NE$ N[ EM]GES AS AN ORD]+ & /RUCTUR+ =CE 9 9/ITUTIONALIZ+ ! FAIRLY CASUAL1 & EV5 PLEASURABLE1 ASPECTS ( LIFE4 ,SEXUAL1 K9%IP1 RECIPROCAL1 F$]ATIVE1 & CIVIL >EAS ( ! COMMUNITY MU/ ACQUIRE GREAT] /RUCTURE -- TO DEAL NOT ONLY ) A MORE PRESS+ NATURE BUT P>TICUL>LY ONE ?AT 9CLUDES ADJAC5T COMMUNITIES /AK+ \T CLAIMS ( !IR [N TO A COMMON 5VIRONM5T4 ,SU* CLAIMS >E 9T]NALIZ$ BY ! COMMUNITY ITSELF AS A SY/EM ( %>+4 ,& NOT ONLY DO 9T]E/S N[ >ISE ?AT MU/ BE C>EFULLY & LAT] METICUL\SLY >TICULAT$1 BUT1 IRONICALLY1 !Y ALSO >ISE FROM 9DIVIDUALS :O BEG9 TO FEEL ?AT !Y C>RY VISIBLY HEAVI] BURD5S & RESPONSIBILITIES )9 ! COMMUNITY4 ,!SE 9DIVIDUALS >E ! NASC5T 0OPPRESS$0 7(T5 WOM57 & ?OSE WE MID AS ! NASC5T 0PRIVILEG$40 ,M5 & WOM5 9 PRELIT]ATE COMMUNITIES NE$ EA* O!R NOT ONLY TO SATISFY !IR SEXUAL DESIRES BUT ALSO = ! MAT]IAL SUPPORT !Y GIVE TO EA* O!R4.<#i.> ,!IR M>RIAGE E/ABLI%ES A PRIM>Y DIVISION ( LABOR -- A SEXUAL DIVISION ( LABOR ) A SEXUALIZ$ ECONOMY AS WELL -- ?AT T5DS TO APPORTION HUNT+ & PA/ORAL TASKS TO M51 9CLUD+ ! DEF5SE ( ! COMMUNITY & ITS RELATION%IP TO ! \TSID]1 & DOME/IC1 FOOD-GA!R+1 & HORTICULTURAL RESPONSIBILITIES TO WOM54 ,BY A SEXUAL DIVISION ( LABOR1 ,I DO NOT MEAN M]ELY A BIOLOGICAL ONE1 IMPORTANT AS ! BIOLOGICAL DIM5SION MAY BE1 BUT AN ECONOMY ?AT ACQUIRES ! V]Y G5D] ( ! SEX TO :I* IT IS APPORTION$4 ,NOR WAS IT NECESS>ILY M5 :O =MULAT$ ! APPORTIONM5T ( ! COMMUNITY'S MAT]IAL ACTIVITIES BETWE5 ! SEXES4 ,MORE LIKELY ?AN NOT1 9 MY VIEW1 IT WAS WOM5 :O MADE ?IS APPORTIONM5T ) A S5SE ( CONC]N OV] ! 9TEGRITY ( !IR RI*LY HALL[$ RESPONSIBILITIES & !IR P]SONAL RI*ICAL SOCIAL =MS TURN !IR DOME/IC ROLES AGA9/ !M4 ,?IS DEVELOPM5T1 AS WE %ALL SEE1 WAS TO COME FROM A MALE 5VY ?AT MU/ BE C>EFULLY UNRAVEL$4 ,AT A L[ SUBSI/5CE LEVEL & 9 A FAIRLY PRIMAL COMMUNITY1 BO? DIVISIONS ( LABOR >E NE$$ = ! WELL-BE+1 IF NOT ! SURVIVAL1 ( ALL ITS MEMB]S2 H5CE1 ! SEXES TREAT EA* O!R ) RESPECT4 ,9DE$1 ! ABILITY ( A MAN OR WOMAN TO P]=M WELL 9 ?IS DIVISION ( LABOR PR(\NDLY 9FLU5CES ! *OICE ( A MATE & PRES]VES ! 9TEGRITY ( A M>RIAGE -- :I* IS (T5 DISSOLV$ BY ! WOMAN1 :OSE RESPONSIBILITIES 9 %ELT]+1 FE$+1 & RAIS+ ! Y\NG VISIBLY \TWEI< ! MAN'S USEFULNESS 9 DIS*>G+ !SE ALL-IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS4 ,GIV5 ! WOMAN'S DE FACTO ROLE 9 ! E>LY COMMUNITY'S SOCIAL >RANGEM5TS1 \R OBSESSIVE PREOCCUPATION ) 0PRIMITIVE MONOGAMY0 SEEMS ALMO/ PREPO/]\S -- IF IT W]5'T SO PLA9LY IDEOLOGICAL & OBFUSCATORY4 ,! BLOOD-TIE & ! RIE EMBODI$ 9 AN UNSPOK5 OA? ?AT COMPRIS$ ! ONLY VISIBLE UNIFY+ PR9CIPLE ( E>LY COMMUNITY LIFE4 ,& ?IS BOND 9ITIALLY D]IVES FROM WOMAN4 ,%E ALONE BECOMES ! V]Y PROTOPLASM ( SOCIALITY3 ! ANCE/RESS ?AT CEM5TS ! Y\NG 9TO LA/+ CONSOCIATION1 ! S\RCE ( ! BLOOD ?AT FL[S 9 !IR VE9S1 ! ONE :O N\RI%ES A COMMONALITY ( ORIG9S1 ! RE>] :O PRODUCES A MUTUALITY ( %>$ PHYSICAL & SPIRITUAL RECOGNITION ?AT EXT5DS FROM 9FANCY TO DEA?4 ,%E IS ! 9/RUCTRESS 9 ! BASIC WAYS ( LIFE1 ! MO/ 9DISPUTABLE P]SONIFICATION ( COMMUNITY AS SU*1 CONCEIV$ AS AN 9TIMATE FAMILIAL EXP]I5CE4 ,! Y\NG1 :O FIR/ SEE EA* O!R AS K9 -- AS COMMON FLE%1 BONE1 & BLOOD ?R\< !IR MO!R -- LAT] SEE EA* O!R ) AN 9T5SE S5SE ( ID5TITY ?R\< H] MEMORY1 & ONLY FA9TLY 9 ! FA!R1 :OSE PHYSICAL FEATURES !Y CLOSELY RESEMBLE4 ,) ! COMMONALITY ( BLOOD COMES ! COMM&+ OA? ?AT ORDA9S UNEQUIVOCABLE SUPPORT BETWE5 K94 ,?IS SUPPORT 5TAILS NOT ONLY %>+ & DEVOTION BUT ! RIE ! E>LIE/ COMMUNAL REFLEXES ?AT EM]GE FROM HUMAN CONSOCIATION1 AL?\< DEEPLY LAD5 ) MY/]Y4 ,COMMUNITY1 ?R\< ! BLOOD OA?1 ?US AFFIRMS ITSELF ) EA* BIR? & DEA?4 ,TO VIOLATE IT IS TO VIOLATE ! SOLID>ITY ( ! GR\P ITSELF1 TO *ALL5GE ITS S5SE ( COMMUNAL MY/]Y4 ,H5CE1 SU* VIOLATIONS1 BE !Y FROM )9 ! GR\P OR FROM )\T1 >E TOO HE9\S TO CONTEMPLATE4 ,ONLY LAT] WILL DRAMATIC *ANGES 9 ! MO/ FUNDAM5TAL PREMISES ( ORGANIC SOCIETY MAKE K9%IP & ITS CLAIMS A CONSCI\SLY DEBATABLE ISSUE & A SUBJECT = C]EMONIAL EXPLORATION4.<#a.> ,M]E REFLEXES1 H[EV]1 >E TOO B9D+1 TOO DEF5SIVE1 TOO RIGID & SELF-5CLOS+ TO P]MIT ANY BROAD] SOCIAL ADVANCES4 ,!Y DO NOT ALL[ = A SOCIAL SOLID>ITY BAS$ ON CONSCI\S ALLIANCES1 ON3 FUR!R SOCIAL CON/RUCTIONS & ELABORATIONS4 ,!Y CON/ITUTE AN 9W>D RETREAT 9TO A GU>D$NESS & SUSPICION T[>D ALL ?AT IS EXOG5\S TO ! COMMUNITY -- A FE> ( ! SOCIAL HORIZON ?AT LIES BEYOND ! LIMIT$ T]RA9 /AK$ \T BY ! BLOOD OA?4 ,H5CE1 NECESSITY & TIME DEM& ?AT WAYS BE F\ND TO PLACE ! COMMUNITY 9 A MU* L>G] SOCIAL MATRIX4 ,OBLIGATIONS MU/ BE E/ABLI%$ BEYOND ! CONF9ES ( ! SELF-5CLOS$ GR\P TO CLAIM NEW RIE DIFFICULT TO F9D2 ! COMMUNITY1 BAS$ ON ASSOCIATION ?R\< K9%IP ALONE1 F9DS IT IMPOSSIBLE TO RECOGNIZE ITSELF 9 O!R COMMUNITIES ?AT DO NOT %>E COMMON ANCE/RAL L9EAGES4 ,UNLESS SU* L9EAGES CAN BE CREAT$ BY 9T]M>RIAGES ?AT RECREATE ! BLOOD OA? ON ITS PRIMAL T]MS ( %>$ K9%IP1 NEW OA?S MU/ BE DEVIS$ ?AT1 :ILE SECOND>Y TO BLOOD1 CAN F9D A COMP>ABLE TANGIBILITY 9 ?+S4 ,CLAUDE ,LEVI-,/RAUSS'S NOTION TO ! CONTR>Y NOT)/&+1 WOM5 >E DECID$LY NOT SU* 0?+S0 ?AT M5 CAN TRADE ) EA* O!R TO ACQUIRE ALLIES4 ,!Y >E ! ORIG9S ( K9%IP & SOCIALITY -- ! >*E ( COMMUNITY & ITS IMMAN5T P[] ( SOLID>ITY -- NOT LITTLE PA/RIES ?AT CAN BE SAVOR$ & TRAD$ AWAY 9 A ,P>ISIAN BI/RO4 ,EV5 0?+S0 AS SU* DO NOT SUFFICE1 = !Y SUGGE/ A SY/EM ( ACC\NTS & RATIOS ?AT /& AT ODDS ) ORGANIC SOCIETY'S PRACTICE ( USUFRUCT4 ,H5CE1 BE=E ?+S CAN BECOME GIFTS -- ,I LEAVE ASIDE !IR LAT] DEBASEM5T 9TO COMMODITIES -- !Y FIR/ BECOME SYMBOLS4 ,:AT 9ITIALLY C\NTS = E>LY PRELIT]ATE PEOPLES IS NOT A ?+'S USEFULNESS 9 ! ECONOMY ( ORGANIC SOCIETY BUT ITS SYMBOLISM AS ! PHYSICAL EMBODIM5T ( RECIPROCITY1 ( A WILL+NESS TO 5T] 9TO MUTUAL OBLIGATION4 ,!SE >E ! TREATIES ?AT EXT5D BEYOND ! BLOOD OA? 9TO SOCIAL OA?S3 ! E>LY ELABORATION ( ! BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITY 9TO HUMAN SOCIETY1 ! FIR/ GLIMM]+S ( A UNIV]SAL HUMANITAS ?AT LIES BEYOND ! HORIZON ( A UNIV]SAL ANIMALITAS4 ,AS PRELIT]ATE COMMUNITIES EXT5D$ !IR RANGE ( ACQUIR$ 0RELATIVES10 ! TRADITIONAL K9%IP NEXUS WAS PROBABLY 9CREAS+LY P]MEAT$ BY ! SOCIAL4 ,M>RIAGE1 RECIPROCITY1 ! RITUALI/IC ADOPTION ( /RANG]S AS BLOOD RELATIVES1 & 9TRACOMMUNITY 9/ITUTIONS LIKE FRAT]NITIES & TOTEMIC SOCIETIES MU/ HAVE PRODUC$ A SL[ CONSOLIDATION & LAY]+ ( RESPONSIBILITIES1 P>TICUL>LY 9 MORE DYNAMIC ORGANIC SOCIETIES1 ?AT W]E TO BE RI*LY >TICULAT$ BY CU/OM & RITUAL4 ,FROM ?IS SOCIAL SUB/ANCE !RE BEGAN TO EM]GE A NEW CIVIL SPH]E P>ALLEL TO ! OLD] DOME/IC SPH]E4 ,?AT ?IS CIVIL SPH]E WAS FREE ( CO]CION & COMM& IS 9DICAT$ BY \R EVID5CE ( 0AU?ORITY0 9 ! FEW ORGANIC SOCIETIES ?AT HAVE SURVIV$ ,EUROPEAN ACCULTURATION4 ,:AT WE FLIPPANTLY CALL 0LEAD]%IP0 9 ORGANIC SOCIETIES (T5 TURNS \T TO BE GUIDANCE1 LACK+ ! USUAL ACC\T]M5TS ( COMM&4 ,ITS 0P[]0 IS FUNCTIONAL RA!R ?AN POLITICAL4 ,*IEFS1 :]E !Y AU!NTICALLY EXI/ & >E NOT ! M]E CREATIONS ( ! COLONIZ]'S M9D1 HAVE NO TRUE AU?ORITY 9 A CO]CIVE S5SE4 ,!Y >E ADVIS]S1 TEA*]S1 & CONSULTANTS1 E/EEM$ = !IR EXP]I5CE & WISDOM4 ,:ATEV] 0P[]0 !Y DO HAVE IS USUALLY CONF9$ TO HI EXP$ITIONS4 ,IT 5DS ) ! TASKS TO BE P]=M$4 ,H5CE1 IT IS EPISODIC P[]1 NOT 9/ITUTIONAL2 P]IODIC1 NOT TRADITIONAL -- LIKE ! 0DOM9ANCE0 TRAITS WE 5C\NT] AMONG PRIMATES4 ,\R 5TIRE LANGUAGE IS P]MEAT$ BY HI/ORICALLY *>G$ EUPHEMISMS ?AT ACQUIRE A REIFI$ LIFE ( !IR [N4 ,OB$I5CE DISPLACES ALLEGIANCE1 COMM& DISPLACES COORD9ATION1 P[] DISPLACES WISDOM1 ACQUISITION DISPLACES GIV+1 COMMODITIES DISPLACE GIFTS4 ,:ILE !SE *ANGES >E REAL 5\< HI/ORICALLY ) ! RISE ( HI]>*Y1 CLASS1 & PROP]TY1 !Y BECOME GROSSLY MISLEAD+ :5 !Y EXT5D !IR SOV]EIGNTY TO LANGUAGE AS SU* & /AKE \T !IR CLAIM TO ! TOTALITY ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,:5 US$ AS TOOLS 9 F]RET+ \T ! MEMORY ( HUMANITY1 !Y DO NOT HELP TO CONTRA/ PRES5T TO PA/ & REVEAL ! T5TATIVE NATURE ( ! EXI/+ WORLD & ( PREVAIL+ PATT]NS ( HUMAN BEHAVIOR2 TO ! CONTR>Y1 !Y ASSIMILATE ! PA/ TO ! PRES5T & 9 ! V]Y PRET5SE ( ILLUM9AT+ ! PA/1 !Y CUNN+LY CONCEAL IT FROM \R EYES4 ,?IS BETRAYAL BY LANGUAGE IS CRASSLY IDEOLOGICAL & HAS S]V$ AU?ORITY WELL4 ,BEH9D ! 9EXTRICABLE WEB ( HI/ORY1 :I* SO (T5 PREV5TS US FROM VIEW+ A LONG DEVELOPM5T FROM ! PO9T ( ITS ORIG9S & BECL\DS US ) AN IDEOLOGY ( 0H9DSI% *ALL5GE IT PRES5TS TO ! EXI/+ ORD]1 IT MU/ RETA9 ITS FIDELITY TO ! >*E ( ?+S & ATTA9 A CONSCI\SNESS ( ITS [N HI/ORY4 ,9 %ORT1 MEMORY ITSELF MU/ 0REMEMB]0 ITS [N EVOLUTION 9TO IDEOLOGY AS WELL AS ! EVOLUTION ( HUMANITY IT PR(ESSES TO REVEAL.<#a#a.> ,AN?ROPOLOGICAL ETIQUETTE REQUIRES ?AT ,I OCCASIONALLY SPR9KLE MY REM>KS ) ! USUAL CAVEATS AB\T MY USE ( 0SELECTIVE DATA10 MY PROCLIVITY = 0RAMPANT SPECULATION10 & MY 0NORMATIVE 9T]PRETATION0 ( DISPUTABLE RESE>* MAT]IALS4 ,ACCORD+LY1 ! READ] %\LD REALIZE ?AT BY 9T]PRET+ ! SAME MAT]IAL DIFF]5TLY1 ONE C\LD %[ ?AT ORGANIC SOCIETY WAS EGOTI/ICAL1 COMPETITIVE1 AGGRESSIVE1 HI]>*ICAL1 & BELEAGU]$ BY ALL ! ANXIETIES ?AT PLAGUE 0CIVILIZ$0 HUMANITY4 ,HAV+ MADE ?IS OBEISANCE TO CONV5TION1 LET ME N[ >GUE ! CONTR>Y4 ,A C>EFUL REVIEW ( ! AN?ROPOLOGICAL DATA AT H& WILL %[ ?AT COMMUNITIES LIKE ! ,HOPI1 ,W9TU1 ,IHALMIUT1 & O!RS CIT$ H]E & 9 ! FOLL[+ PAGES W]E NOT CULTURALLY UNIQUE2 9DE$1 :]E WE F9D AN ORGANIC SOCIETY 9 :I* \R MOD]N VALUES & TRAITS PREVAIL1 ?IS USUALLY CAN BE EXPLA9$ BY UNSETTL+ TE*NOLOGICAL *ANGES1 9VASIONS1 PROBLEMS ( DEAL+ ) A P>TICUL>LY DIFFICULT 5VIRONM5T1 &1 ABOVE ALL1 BY CONTACTS ) :ITES4 ,PAUL ,RAD91 SUMM+ UP DECADES ( AN?ROPOLOGICAL EXP]I5CE1 RESE>*1 & FIELDWORK1 ONCE OBS]V$3 ,IF ,I W]E ASK$ TO /ATE BRIEFLY & SUCC9CTLY :AT >E ! \T/&+ FEATURES ( ABORIG9AL CIVILIZATIONS1 ,I1 = ONE1 W\LD HAVE NO HESITATION 9 ANSW]+ ?AT !RE >E ?REE3 ! RESPECT = ! 9DIVIDUAL1 IRRESPECTIVE ( AGE OR SEX2 ! AMAZ+ DEGREE ( SOCIAL & POLITICAL 9TEGRATION A*IEV$ BY !M2 & ! EXI/5CE ( A CONCEPT ( P]SONAL SECURITY :I* TRANSC5DS ALL GOV]NM5TAL =MS & ALL TRIBAL & GR\P 9T]E/S & CONFLICTS4 ,!SE FEATURES CAN BE SUMM>IZ$ AS3 COMPLETE P>ITY OR EQUALITY BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS1 AGE-GR\PS & SEXES2 USUFRUCT & LAT] RECIPROCITY2 ! AVOIDANCE ( CO]CION 9 DEAL+ ) 9T]NAL AFFAIRS2 & F9ALLY1 :AT ,RAD9 CALLS ! 0IRR$UCIBLE M9IMUM0 -- ! 09ALI5ABLE RID$ AS MODELS = E>LY P]IODS ( HUMAN SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,!Y >E ! REMNANT B&S ( A LONG HI/ORY ?AT HAS ALWAYS T[$ !M ALONG WAYS F> REMOV$ FROM AN ANCE/RAL WORLD ?AT SEP>AT$ HUMANITY FROM ANIMALITY4 ,MORE LIKELY ?AN NOT1 ! SOLID>ITY ?AT EXI/$ 9 ,RAD9'S 0ABORIG9AL CIVILIZATIONS10 !IR HI< RESPECT = ! NATURAL WORLD & ! MEMB]S ( !IR COMMUNITIES1 MAY HAVE BE5 F> MORE 9T5SE 9 PREHI/ORY1 :5 !RE W]E NONE ( ! DIVISIVE POLITICAL & COMM]CIAL RELATIONS ( MOD]N CAPITALISM ?AT HAVE SO GROSSLY DI/ORT$ EXI/+ ORGANIC SOCIETIES4 ,BUT CULTURE TRAITS DO NOT EXI/ 9 A VACUUM4 ,AL?\< !Y MAY BE 9TEGRAT$ 9 MANY DIFF]5T & UNEXPECT$ WAYS1 C]TA9 *>ACT]I/IC PATT]NS T5D TO EM]GE ?AT YIELD BROADLY SIMIL> 9/ITUTIONS & S5SIBILITIES1 DESPITE DIFF]5CES 9 TIME & LOCATION4 ,! CULTURAL FACTS ( DRESS1 TE*NICS1 & 5VIRONM5T ?AT L9K PREHI/ORIC PEOPLES ) EXI/+ 0PRIMITIVES0 IS SO /RIK+ ?AT IT IS DIFFICULT TO BELIEVE ?AT ,SIB]IAN MAMMO? HUNT]S ( YE/]YE>1 ) !IR FUR P>KAS1 BONE TOOL KIT1 & GLACIAT$ SURR\ND+S W]E SO DISSIMIL> FROM ! ,>CTIC SEAL HUNT]S ( DE ,PONC9'S DAY4 ,! PHYSICAL PATT]N ?AT HAS FALL5 TOGE!R H]E HAS A UNITY ?AT JU/IFIES A NUMB] ( RELAT$ CULTURAL 9F]5CES4 ,?US1 ! PRES5CE ( FEMALE FIGUR9ES1 OBVI\SLY LAD5 ) MAGICAL OR RELIGI\S SIGNIFICANCE1 9 ! DEBRIS ( A PREHI/ORIC HUNT+ CAMP OR A ,NEOLI?IC HORTICULTURAL VILLAGE SUGGE/S ! REASONABLE PROBABILITY ?AT ! COMMUNITY ACCORD$ WOM5 A SOCIAL PRE/IGE ?AT W\LD BE DIFFICULT TO F9D 9 ! PATRI>*AL SOCIETIES ( PA/ORAL NOMADS4 ,9DE$1 SU* A COMMUNITY MAY EV5 HAVE TRAC$ ITS L9EAGE SY/EM ?R\< ! MO!R'S NAME 7MATRIL9EAL DESC5T74 ,IF PALEOLI?IC BONE IMPLEM5TS >E ET*$ ) CULT-LIKE DRAW+S ( ANIMALS1 WE HAVE ADEQUATE REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT ! COMMUNITY HAD AN ANIMI/IC \TLOOK T[>D ! NATURAL WORLD4 ,IF ! SIZE ( PREHI/ORIC H\SE F\NDATIONS IS NOTEWOR?Y = ! ABS5CE ( L>GE 9DIVIDUAL DWELL+S & ! ADORNM5TS 9 BURIAL SITES EXHIBIT NO CONSPICU\S WEAL?1 WE CAN BELIEVE ?AT SOCIAL EQUALITY EXI/$ 9 ! COMMUNITY & ?AT IT HAD AN EGALIT>IAN \TLOOK T[>D ITS [N MEMB]S4 ,EA* TRAIT1 F\ND S+LY1 MAY NOT BE CONV9C+ SUPPORT = SU* G5]AL CONCLUSIONS4 ,BUT IF !Y >E ALL F\ND TOGE!R & IF !Y >E SUFFICI5TLY WIDESPREAD TO BE *>ACT]I/IC ( AN 5TIRE SOCIAL ]A1 IT W\LD C]TA9LY REQUIRE A H>D-NOS$ EMPIRICAL \TLOOK & AN ALMO/ P]V]SE FE> ( G5]ALIZATION NOT TO ACCEPT !SE CONCLUSIONS4 ,9 ANY CASE1 SOME T5 ?\S& YE>S AGO1 9 AN >EA BETWE5 ! ,CASPIAN ,SEA & ! ,M$IT]RANEAN1 NOMADIC B&S ( HUNT]-GA!R]S BEGAN TO DEVELOP A CRUDE SY/EM ( HORTICULTURE & SETTLE D[N 9 SMALL VILLAGES1 :]E !Y 5GAG$ 9 MIX$ F>M+4 ,!Y W]E FOLL[$ QUITE 9DEP5D5TLY SOME F\R OR FIVE ?\S& YE>S LAT] 9 A SIMIL> DEVELOPM5T BY ,9DIANS ( C5TRAL ,MEXICO4 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( HORTICULTURE1 OR G>D5+1 WAS PROBABLY 9ITIAT$ BY WOM54 ,EVID5CE = ?IS BELIEF COMES FROM /UDIES ( MY?OLOGY & FROM EXI/+ PRELIT]ATE COMMUNITIES BAS$ ON A HOE-G>D5+ TE*NOLOGY4 ,9 ?IS REMOTE P]IOD ( TRANSITION1 :5 A S5SE ( BELONG+ TO A RELATIVELY FIX$ SOIL COMMUNITY 9CREAS+LY REPLAC$ A NOMADIC \TLOOK1 SOCIAL LIFE BEGAN TO ACQUIRE 5TIRELY NEW UNIT>Y QUALITIES ?AT 7TO BORR[ A T]M DEVIS$ BY ,]I* ,FROMM7 CAN BE/ BE CALL$ MATRIC5TRIC4 ,BY US+ ?IS T]M1 ,I DO NOT WI% TO IMPLY ?AT WOM5 EX]CIS$ ANY =M ( 9/ITUTIONAL SOV]EIGNTY OV] M5 OR A*IEV$ A COMM&+ /ATUS 9 ! MANAGEM5T ( SOCIETY4 ,I M]ELY MEAN ?AT ! COMMUNITY1 9 SEP>AT+ ITSELF FROM A C]TA9 DEGREE ( DEP5D5CE ON GAME & MIGRATORY ANIMALS1 BEGAN TO %IFT ITS SOCIAL IMAG]Y FROM ! MALE HUNT] TO ! FEMALE FOOD-GA!R]1 FROM ! PR$ATOR TO ! PROCREATOR1 FROM ! CAMP FIRE TO ! DOME/IC HE>?1 FROM CULTURAL TRAITS ASSOCIAT$ ) ! FA!R TO ?OSE ASSOCIAT$ ) ! MO!R4.<#a#b.> ,! *ANGE 9 EMPHASIS IS PRIM>ILY CULTURAL4 '',C]TA9LY 'HOME & MO!R' >E WRITT5 OV] EV]Y PHASE ( NEOLI?IC AGRICULTURE10 OBS]VES ,LEWIS ,MUM=D1 0& NOT LEA/ OV] ! NEW VILLAGE C5T]S1 AT LEA/ ID5TIFIABLE 9 ! F\NDATIONS ( H\SES & GRAVES40 ,ONE CAN AGREE ) ,MUM=D ?AT IT WAS WOMAN :O PROBABLY T5D$ ! G>D5 CROPS & ACCOMPLI%$ ?OSE MA/]PIECES ( SELECTION & CROSS-F]TILIZATION :I* TURN$ RAW WILD SPECIES 9TO ! PROLIFIC & RI*LY NUTRITI\S DOME/IC V>IETIES2 IT WAS WOMAN :O MADE ! FIR/ CONTA9]S1 WEAV+ BASKETS & COIL+ ! FIR/ CLAY POTS 4 4 4 4 ,)\T ?IS LONG P]IOD ( AGRICULTURAL' & DOME/IC DEVELOPM5T1 ! SURPLUS ( FOOD & MANP[] ?AT MADE URBAN LIFE POSSIBLE W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 =?COM+4.<#a#c.> ,TODAY1 ONE W\LD WANT TO REPLACE SOME ( ,MUM=D'S WORDS1 SU* AS HIS SWEEP+ USE ( 0AGRICULTURE10 :I* M5 W]E TO EXT5D BEYOND WOMAN'S DISCOV]Y ( G>D5+ 9TO ! MASS PRODUCTION ( FOOD & ANIMALS4 ,WE W\LD WANT TO CONF9E 0HOME & MO!R0 TO E>LY PHASES ( ! ,NEOLI?IC RA!R ?AN 0EV]Y PHASE40 ,SIMIL>LY1 :]E ! SELECTION ( $IBLE PLANT V>IETIES 5DS & CROSS-F]TILIZATION = NEW ONES BEG9S IS A HIKS IS EV5 MORE VALID TODAY ?AN IT WAS TWO DECADES AGO1 :5 A HEAVY-H&$1 MALE-ORI5T$ AN?ROPOLOGY W\LD HAVE REJECT$ IT AS S5TIM5TAL4 ,IF ANY?+1 WOMAN'S /ATURE 9 9SCRIB+ H] S5SIBILITIES & H] H&S ON ! BEG9N+S ( HUMAN HI/ORY HAS GR[N RA!R ?AN DIM9I%$4 ,IT WAS %E :O1 UNLIKE ANY O!R LIV+ CREATURE1 MADE ! %>+ ( FOOD A CONSI/5T COMMUNAL ACTIVITY & EV5 A HOSPITABLE ONE ?AT EMBRAC$ ! /RANG]1 H5CE FO/]+ %>+ AS A UNIQUELY HUMAN DESID]ATUM4 ,BIRDS & MAMMALS1 TO BE SURE1 FE$ !IR Y\NG & EXHIBIT EXTRAORD9>Y PROTECTIV5ESS ON !IR BEHALF4 ,AMONG MAMMALS1 FEMALES PROVIDE ! PRODUCE ( !IR BODIES 9 ! =M ( MILK & W>M?4 ,BUT ONLY WOMAN WAS TO MAKE %>+ A UNIV]SALLY SOCIAL PH5OM5ON TO ! PO9T :]E H] Y\NG -- AS SIBL+S1 !N MALE & FEMALE ADULTS1 & F9ALLY P>5TS -- BECAME %>]S IRRESPECTIVE ( !IR SEX & AGE4 ,IT IS %E :O TURN$ %>+ 9TO A HALL[$ COMMUNAL IMP]ATIVE1 NOT M]ELY AN EPISODIC OR M>G9AL FEATURE4 ,F9ALLY1 WE CANNOT IGNORE ! FACT ?AT WOMAN'S =AG+ ACTIVITIES HELP$ AWAK5 9 HUMANITY AN ACUTE S5SE ( PLACE1 ( OIKOS4 ,H] NURTUR+ S5SIBILITY HELP$ CREATE NOT ONLY ! ORIG9S ( SOCIETY BUT LIT]ALLY ! ROOTS ( CIVILIZATION -- A T]RA9 ! MALE HAS >ROGANTLY CLAIM$ = HIMSELF4 ,H] 0/AKE 9 CIVILIZATION0 WAS DIFF]5T FROM ?AT ( ! PR$ATORY MALE3 IT WAS MORE DOME/IC1 MORE PACIFY+1 & MORE C>+4 ,H] S5SIBILITY RAN DEEP] & WAS LAD5 ) MORE HOPE ?AN ! MALE'S1 = %E EMBODI$ 9 H] V]Y PHYSICAL BE+ MY?OLOGY'S ANCI5T MESSAGE ( A LO/ 0GOLD5 AGE0 & A FECUND NATURE4 ,YET IRONICALLY %E HAS BE5 ) US ALL ! TIME ) A SPECIAL G5IUS & MY/]Y -- ONE :OSE POT5TIALITIES HAVE BE5 BRUTALLY DIM9I%$ BUT EV] PRES5T AS A VOICE ( CONSCI5CE 9 ! BLOODY CAULDRON ?AT M5 HAVE CLAIM$ = !IR 0CIVILIZATION40 ,! B5IGN QUALITIES NURTUR$ 9 ?IS ,NEOLI?IC VILLAGE WORLD >E P]HAPS NO LESS SIGNIFICANT ?AN ITS MAT]IAL A*IEVEM5TS4 ,A CLOSE ASSOCIATION EXI/S BETWE5 COMMUNAL MANAGEM5T ( L& & MATRIL9EAL DESC5T 9 SURVIV+ G>D5+ CULTURES4 ,CLAN SOCIETY1 P]HAPS A SL[ REWORK+ ( TOTEMIC CULTS 9 HUNT+ B&S1 MAY HAVE REA*$ ITS APOGEE 9 ?IS P]IOD &1 ) IT1 A COMMUNAL DISPOSITION ( ! L& & ITS PRODUCTS4 0,TO LIVE )0 HAD PROBABLY BECOME 0TO %>E10 IF ! TWO EXPRESSIONS W]E EV] DIFF]5T 9 !IR MEAN+4 ,9 ! REMA9S ( E>LY ,NEOLI?IC VILLAGES1 WE (T5 S5SE ! EXI/5CE ( :AT WAS ONCE A CLE>LY PEACEFUL SOCIETY1 /REWN ) SYMBOLS ( ! FECUNDITY ( LIFE & ! B\NTY ( NATURE4 ,AL?\< !RE IS EVID5CE ( WEAPONS1 DEF5SIVE PALISADES1 & PROTECTIVE DIT*ES1 E>LY HORTICULTURI/S SEEM TO HAVE EMPHASIZ$ PEACEFUL >TS & S$5T>Y PURSUITS4 ,JUDG+ FROM ! BUILD+ SITES & GRAVES1 !RE IS LITTLE EVID5CE1 IF ANY1 ?AT SOCIAL 9EQUALITY EXI/$ )9 !SE COMMUNITIES OR ?AT W>F>E M>K$ ! RELATION%IPS BETWE5 !M4 ,PRESID+ OV] ?IS REMOTE WORLD WAS ! FIGURE & SYMBOLISM ( ! ,MO!R ,GODDESS1 A F]TILITY PR9CIPLE SO OLD 9 TIME ?AT ITS /ONE REMA9S HAVE EV5 BE5 F\ND 9 ,PALEOLI?IC CAVES & 5CAMPM5TS4 ,HUNT]-GA!R]S1 E>LY HORTICULTURI/S1 ADVANC$ AGRICULTURI/S1 & ! PRIE/S ( 0HI< CIVILIZATIONS0 HAVE IMP>T$ UTT]LY CONTRADICTORY TRAITS TO H] -- SOME DELICI\SLY B5IGN1 O!RS D>KLY DEMONIC4 ,BUT IT IS MORE ?AN FAIR TO ASSUME ?AT 9 ! E>LY ,NEOLI?IC1 ! PRIE/S HAD NOT YET SCULPT$ ! CRUEL1 ,KALI-LIKE IMAGE 9TO H] FIGURE4 ,APP>5TLY1 LIKE ,DEMET]1 %E WAS MORE ( A FEM99E PR9CIPLE1 LAT5T ) LOV+ & M\RN+1 NOT ! M]E F]TILITY SYMBOL -- ! MAGIC ?+ ?AT 5DE>$ H] TO HUNT]-GA!R]S4 ,?AT %E C\LD NOT REMA9 UNTA9T$ BY PATRI>*Y IS OBVI\S FROM A READ+ ( ! ,ODYSSEY1 9 :I* ! ISL&-HOPP+ SEAF>]S DEBASE WOMAN & H] DOMA9 TO CRUEL *?ONIC 5*ANTRESSES :O DEV\R ! TRU/+ W>RIORS 9 DI/RESS4 ,:AT /RONGLY RE9=CES 9T]PRETATIONS ( ! GODDESS AS A MORE GIV+ PR9CIPLE IS ! UNQUALIFI$ NATURE ( MO!R-LOVE ITSELF 9 CONTRA/ TO ! CONDITIONAL LOVE ASSOCIAT$ ) PATRI>*Y4 ,]I* ,FROMM1 9 ! PROVOCATIVE ESSAYS HE PREP>$ = ! ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,RESE>*1 NOT$ ?AT WOMAN'S LOVE1 COMP>$ ) ?AT ( ! JUDGM5TAL PATRI>* :O PROVIDES LOVE AS A REW>D = ! *ILD'S P]=MANCE & FULFILLM5T ( ITS DUTIES1 0IS NOT DEP5D5T ON ANY MORAL OR SOCIAL OBLIGATION TO BE C>RI$ \T BY ! *ILD2 !RE IS NOT EV5 AN OBLIGATION TO RETURN H] LOVE40 ,?IS UNCONDITIONAL LOVE1 )\T EXPECTATION ( ANY FILIAL REW>D1 YIELDS ! TOTAL DEOBJECTIFICATION ( P]SON ?AT MAKES HUMANNESS ITS [N 5D RA!R ?AN A TOOL ( HI]>*Y & CLASSES4 ,TO ASSUME ?AT ! GODDESS DID NOT SYMBOLIZE ?IS UNTA9T$ S5SE ( ID5TIFICATION IS TO QUE/ION H] ASSOCIATION ) ! FEM99E -- 9 %ORT1 TO TURN H] 9TO A GOD1 :I* PRIE/LY CORPORATIONS W]E TO DO LAT] ) EXTRAORD9>Y DEFTNESS4 ,ODYSSEUS1 9 DEGRAD+ ,DEMET] TO ,CIRCE1 ALSO REVEALS H[ ! LOVELY SIR5S MIM$ HUMANS & BEA/S 9TO A S5SE ( COMMONALITY ) EA* O!R4 ,HOM]'S EPIC1 H[EV]1 WILL =EV] HIDE FROM US ! 9TRIGU+ POSSIBILITY ?AT !IR SONG ORIG9ALLY GAVE TO HUMANITY ! MUSIC ( LIFE RA!R ?AN ! LUR+ MELODY ( DEA?4 ,H[ CLOSE ! E>LY ,NEOLI?IC VILLAGE WORLD MAY HAVE BE5 TO ?AT ( ! E>LY ,PUEBLO ,9DIANS1 :I* ! MO/ H>D5$ :ITE 9VAD]S W]E TO DESCRIBE 9 SU* GL[+ T]MS1 MAY NEV] BE KN[N4 ,YET ! ?\\ND !M4 ,! HUNT]-GA!R]S MAY HAVE LEFT ! WORLD VIRTUALLY UNT\*$ ASIDE FROM ! GRASSL&S !Y CLE>$ = ! GREAT H]DS1 BUT SU* AN A*IEVEM5T IS SAFELY M>K$ BY ITS ABS5CE ( ACTIVITY4 ,!RE IS A WANT ( 5VIRONM5TAL >TI/RY1 ( A L&SCAPE ?AT HAS BE5 LEFT ! BETT] = HUMANITY'S PRES5CE1 ONE ?AT HAS ! BREA? ( M9D AS WELL AS SPIRIT BE/[$ UPON IT4 ,TODAY1 :5 ! HUNT]-GA!R]'S M]E P>ASITISM ( ! 5VIRONM5T HAS EM]G$ AS A VIRTUE 9 JUXTAPOSITION TO CONTEMPOR>Y MAN'S 9SANE EXPLOITATION1 WE T5D TO FETI%IZE RE/RA9T TO ! PO9T ( PASSIVITY & NONDO+4 ,YET ! MATRIC5TRIC HORTICULTURI/S MANAG$ TO T\* ! E>? & *ANGE IT1 BUT ) A GRACE1 DELICACY1 & FEEL+ ?AT MAY BE REG>D$ AS EVOLUTION'S [N H>VE/4 ,!IR >*AEOLOGY IS AN EXPRESSION ( HUMAN >TFULNESS & NATURAL FULFILLM5T4 ,NEOLI?IC >TIFACTS SEEM TO REFLECT A COMMUNION ( HUMANITY & NATURE ?AT PAT5TLY EXPRESS$ ! COMMUNION ( HUMANS ) EA* O!R3 A SOLID>ITY ( ! COMMUNITY ) ! WORLD ( LIFE ?AT >TICULAT$ AN 9T5SE SOLID>ITY )9 ! COMMUNITY ITSELF4 ,AS LONG AS ?IS 9T]NAL SOLID>ITY P]SI/$1 NATURE WAS ITS B5EFICI>Y4 ,:5 IT BEGAN TO DECAY1 ! SURR\ND+ WORLD BEGAN TO DECAY ) IT -- & !NCE CAME ! LONG W9T]TIME ( DOM9ATION & OPPRESSION WE NORMALLY CALL 0CIVILIZATION40 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiha 3 ,*APT] #b - ,! ,\TLOOK ( ,ORGANIC ,SOCIETY -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,JULY #a1 #bai 3 ,*APT] #b - ,! ,\TLOOK ( ,ORGANIC ,SOCIETY -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/