,*APT] #i ,! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION3 ,AN>*I/ ,EYEWITNESS ,REPORTS #aigdaigd ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,SAM ,DOLG(F ,TEXT 3 ,! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION3 ,A ,DIRECT ,REPORT BY ,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y ,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y IS A VET]AN ,G]MAN ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/4 ,HE WAS A DELEGATE ( ! ,G]MAN ,SYNDICALI/ ,UNION TO ! ,R$ ,9T]NATIONAL ( ,TRADE ,UNIONS 7A ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY FRONT SET UP TO DOM9ATE ! WORLD LABOR MOVEM5T7 9 ,MOSC[ #a#i#b#a4 ,DUR+ ! DURATION ( ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> & ,REVOLUTION 7#a#i#c#f-#a#i#c#i7 HE WAS 9 *>GE ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,9=MATION ,BUREAU ( ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR 7,C,N,T7 & 9 O!R CAPACITIES4 ,S\*Y OBS]V$ AT FIR/ H& ! RURAL LIB]T>IAN COLLECTIVES & URBAN SOCIALIZATION & WROTE EXT5SIVELY ON ?IS SUBJECT4 ,HE IS AN \T/&+ AU?ORITY ON COLLECTIVIZATION1 COOP]ATIVES & O!R PROBLEMS ( AGR>IAN ORGANIZATION4 ,) ! ,FRANCO VICTORY 9 ,SPA9 & ! COM+ ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I1 ,S\*Y LIV$ AS A REFUGEE 9 ,FRANCE4 ,HE CAME TO ,MEXICO 9 #aidb & = MANY YE>S TRAVEL$ EXT5SIVELY 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 ,ISRAEL1 ETC4 TO /UDY AT FIR/ H& RURAL COLLECTIVIZATION & COOP]ATIVE EXP]IM5TS 9 SEMI-DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES4 ,9 #a#i#f1 ,S\*Y T\R$ ,CUBA1 GA!R+ DIRECT 9=MATION AB\T ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION1 P>TICUL>LY AGR>IAN COOP]ATIVES & L& RE=M MEASURES SET UP BY ! ,CA/RO GOV]NM5T4 ,AL?\< HIS REPORTS W]E 9 MANY RESPECTS V]Y FAVORABLE1 ! AU?ORITIES C\LD NOT TOL]ATE ADV]SE CRITICISM1 H[EV] WELL 9T5D$4 ,! PR9T+ ( ,S\*Y'S OBS]VATIONS WAS PROHIBIT$1 & ,S\*Y HIMSELF LEFT ,CUBA JU/ 9 TIME TO ESCAPE >RE/4 ,HIS >TICLES W]E PUBLI%$ 9 PAMPHLET =M1 BY ! EXCELL5T LIB]T>IAN BI-MON?LY ,RECON/RUIR 7,TE/IMONIAL ,SOBRE LA ,REVOLUCION ,CUBANA2 ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#f7 ,?IS PAMPHLET FALLS 9TO TWO P>TS4 ,! FIR/ IS ,S\*Y'S OV]-ALL EVALUATION ( ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,IT WAS WRITT5 :5 ,CA/RO'S GRADUAL MOVES T[>D FULL-FL$G$ TOTALIT>IAN RULE FIR/ BECAME APP>5T4 ,:ILE ACKN[L$G+ :AT TURN$ \T TO BE ! ,REVOLUTION'S TEMPOR>Y POSITIVE ASPECTS1 ,S\*Y'S OBS]VATIONS REFLECT$ HIS GR[+ CONC]N AB\T ! AU?ORIT>IAN DE=MATION ( ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,! SECOND P>T1 A DIRECT REPORT ( HIS VISITS TO V>I\S PEASANT 0COOP]ATIVES10 GOV]NM5T 0COLLECTIVES10 ETC4 IS A CONCISE CRITIQUE ( ! DISA/R\S CONSEQU5CES ( ,CA/RO'S ,AGR>IAN ,RE=M PROGRAM4 ,S9CE 0,AGR>IAN ,RE=M0 IS CONSID]$ ! ,REVOLUTION'S MAJOR A*IEVEM5T1 ,S\*Y'S ANALYSIS TAKES ON ADD$ SIGNIFICANCE4 .<,S4,D4.> ,P>T ,ONE3 ,OV]ALL ,EVALUATION ( ! ,REVOLUTION ,! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION IS MU* MORE ?AN A M]E POLITICAL *ANGE 9 ! =M ( GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,REVOLUTION 9ITIAT$ A VA/ ECONOMIC-SOCIAL TRANS=MATION1 :I* TO A C]TA9 EXT5T RESEMBLES :AT TOOK PLACE 9 ,SPA9 AFT] ! #a#i? ( ,JULY1 #aicf ..>4 ,!RE >E1 NEV]!LESS1 C]TA9 IMPORTANT DIFF]5CES4 ,:ILE ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 9 ! P]IOD ( /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! EXI/+ ORD] AS WELL AS ! P]IOD ( SOCIAL-POLITICAL RECON/RUCTION1 WAS ! WORK ( ! GREAT MASSES ( WORK]S & PEASANTS1 ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION WAS PROPELL$ BY A M9ORITY ( SELF-SACRIFIC+ D$ICAT$ REVOLUTION>IES4 4 4 ,! *>ACT] ( BO? REVOLUTIONS SPR+S FROM !SE DIFF]5CES4 ,9 ,CUBA1 ! OLD PR(ESSIONAL >MY WAS REPLAC$ BY WORK]S' & PEASANTS' MILITIAS .4 ,! ,REVOLUTION ATTACK$ ! ECONOMIC POV]TY ( ! MASSES1 CULTURAL BACKW>DNESS & EXPROPRIAT$ BIG PRIVATE 5T]PRISES4 ,9 ,SPA91 ! MASSES ORGANIZ$ COLLECTIVES4 ,9 ,CUBA1 ! /ATE CREAT$ & CONTROLL$ COOP]ATIVES4 ,9 ,CUBA1 AS 9 ,SPA91 R5TS W]E L[]$ 9 ! CITIES1 BUT 9 RESPECT TO *ANGES 9 RURAL PROP]TY1 !RE WAS AN IMPORTANT DIFF]5CE444 ,:ILE 9 ,SPA91 ! CONFISCATION ( ! L& & ! ORGANIZATION ( ! COLLECTIVES WAS 9ITIAT$ & C>RI$ ?R\< BY ! PEASANTS !MSELVES2 9 ,CUBA SOCIAL-ECONOMIC TRANS=MATION WAS 9ITIAT$ NOT BY ! PEOPLE1 BUT BY ,CA/RO & HIS COMRADES-9->MS4 ,IT IS ?IS DI/9CTION ?AT ACC\NTS = ! DIFF]5T DEVELOPM5T ( ! TWO REVOLUTIONS2 ,SPA91 MASS REVOLUTION FROM ! BOTTOM UP2 ,CUBA1 REVOLUTION FROM ! TOP D[N BY DECREE--I4E4 ,AGR>IAN ,RE=M ,LAW1 ETC4 ,! OLD MOTTO3 0,! ,EMANCIPATION ( ! ,WORK+ ,CLASS IS ! ,TASK ( ! ,WORK]S ,!MSELVES10 IS /ILL EM95TLY RELEVANT4 ,! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION WILL ADVANCE ONLY ) ! P>TICIPATION ( ! PEOPLE & ONLY IF ! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT WILL P5ETRATE ALL SOCIAL /RATA4 ,C5TRALIZ+ T5D5CIES EXI/ 9 EV]Y REVOLUTION & CAN BE DANG]\S = LIB]TY4 ,! SURE/ WAY TO PREV5T C5TRALIZATION ( P[] 9 ! H&S ( A FEW1 IS ! 9ITIATIVE & ACTION ( ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,9 ,CUBA1 ! REVOLUTION>Y FIILY0 CON/ITUT$ ! NEW GOV]NM5T4 ,! NEW REGIME CAME TO P[] ON A WAVE ( POPUL> 5?USIASM & ADMIRATION = ! H]OIC FIE FICKLE4 ,A P[] ACQUIR$ BY PA/ EXPLOITS1 H[EV] H]OIC1 IS NOT A FIRM BASE = ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A P]MAN5T GOV]NM5T4 ,& IF 9 ! C\RSE ( EV5TS1 AS IS ALWAYS ! CASE1 C]TA9 DISCONT5T$ POPUL> GR\P+S ?REAT5 OR QUE/ION ! LEAD]%IP1 ! 0DE FACTO0 GOV]NM5T1 TO REMA9 9 (FICE1 & C>RY \T ITS PROGRAM1 RESORTS TO ?REATS ( \TRIY T]ROR1 :OSE CLASSICAL REPRES5TATIVES >E ,ROBESPI]RE & ,/AL94 4 4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T ( ,CUBA IS MAK+ 5ORM\S EF=TS TO LEGITIMATE & JU/IFY ITS EXI/5CE BY 5ACT+ DEEP & POPUL> ECONOMIC & SOCIAL *ANGES4 ,! LIQUIDATION ( ! OLD CORRUPT ADM9I/RATION1 #e.0 R$UCTION ( ! SAL>IES ( ! NEW M9I/]S1 DRA/IC R$UCTION 9 R5TS1 TELEPHONE & ELECTRIC RATES1 CON/RUCTION ( NEW HYGI5IC H\S+ = ! MASSES1 ! 9/ALLATION ( PUBLIC BEA*ES & RECREATION C5T]S1 & F9ALLY1 ! CR[N+ ( ALL !SE RE=MS BY ! ,AGR>IAN ,RE=M ,LAW1 >E 5?USIA/ICALLY APPLAUD$ BY ! MAJORITY ( ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE & ! :OLE WORLD4 4 4 ,BUT 9 ! RADIANT REVOLUTION>Y SPR+TIME .<,S\*Y WROTE BE=E ! /ORMS ( W9T].> !RE >E SOME D>K CL\DS & %AD[S3 C5SOR%IP ( ! PRESS1 UNILAT]AL 9DOCTR9ATION BY RADIO & TELEVISION1 ! NEW =EIGN POLICY :I* IS PLAC+ ! C\NTRY UND] ! DE FACTO DOM9ATION ( R$ IMP]IALISM1 & ABOVE ALL1 ! ORGANIZATION ( A /ATE DOM9AT$ ECONOMY1 >E NATURALLY NOT LIK$ BY ! PEOPLE .<9 SPITE ( PROPAG&A TO ! CONTR>Y64 ,ONE HAS BUT TO SPEAK TO ,CUBANS 9 ALL WALKS ( LIFE1 9 ! ,CAPITAL & 9 ! PROV9CES1 TO PLA9LY SEE ! GR[+ DISILLUSIONM5T & DISCONT5T4 ,AN 9F9ITE NUMB] ( WORK]S1 ?\S&S ( PEOPLE :O HAVE ALWAYS F\IAN REVOLUTION A*IEV$ BY ,9,R,A .<,NATIONAL ,9/ITUTE ( ,AGR>IAN ,RE=M.> >E TRULY REM>KABLE4 ,PROTECT$ BY PRIVILEG$ LEGISLATION ! ,9,R,A IS ! MO/ P[]FUL ,/ATE ,MONOPOLY NOT ONLY 9 ,AGRICULTURE1 BUT ALMO/ ALL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY4 ,9,R,A IS ,CUBA'S NUMB] ONE TRU/4 ,P>T ,TWO3 0,WE ,VISIT ! ,NEW ,RURAL ,COOP]ATIVES0 ,MONCADA ,! ROAD TO ! ,SI]RA IS V]Y R\<4 ,9 C]TA9 PLACES \R JEEP ALMO/ OV]TURN$ & SO DETRACT$ SOME:AT FROM ! PLEASURE ( VIEW+ ! BEAUTIFUL PANORAMA ( HILLS & BEAUTIFUL VALLEY ) ITS LUXURI\S TROPICAL FLORA4 ,AFT] SOME H\RS ( DIFFICULT TRAVEL1 WE REA*$ ! %ORE ( A /REAM4 ,A GR\P ( PEASANTS W]E H>VE/+ MALANGAS & WE SOON LE>N$ ?AT !Y BELONG$ TO A COOP]ATIVE4 0,WE DECID$ \RSELVES TO WORK COLLECTIVELY10 DECL>$ ONE ( ! PEASANTS1 0,WORK TOGE!R IS SO MU* EASI] ?AN WORK+ ALONE4 ,BE=E WE WORK$ BECAUSE WE W]E HUNGRY1 BUT N[1 WE WORK BECAUSE WE REALLY 5JOY IT4 ,WE %>E \R 9COME EQUALLY & EXPECT GOOD RESULTS40 ,HE BEAM$ ) JOY4 ,WE W]E ESCORT$ TO ! 0,BOHIO0 7HUT7 ( ! PEASANT ,NICOLA'S ,PA*EO4 ,HIS C\RTE\S WIFE1 ) TYPICAL ,CUBAN HOSPITALITY1 S]V$ C(FEE4 4 4,! MODE/ 0GUAJ]O0 7PEASANT7 C\LD NOT GIVE MU* ( AN EXPLANATION AB\T ! ORGANIZATION ( ! COOP]ATIVE1 & ! O!R PEASANTS1 EV5 LESS SO4 ,! PEASANTS KNEW ONLY AB\T !IR WORK4 ,= MORE 9=MATION WE HAD TO WAIT = ! >RIVAL ( ! S]GEANT :O REPRES5T$ ! ,9,R,A4 ,! S]GEANT F9ALLY >RIV$4 ,HE MADE NO REF]5CE TO ! COOP]ATIVES1 BUT SPOKE ONLY AB\T ! ORD]S HE RECEIV$ FROM HIS BOSSES1 ! HI<] EXECUTIVES ( ! DI/RICT ,9,R,A4 ,HE (F]$ NO NEW DETAILS1 BUT M]ELY REPEAT$ :AT WE ALREADY LE>N$ AB\T O!R COOP]ATIVES4 ,?\< LACK+ POSITIVE CON/RUCTIVE 9=MATION1 HIS REM>KS W]E 9T]E/+ FROM A NEGATIVE PO9T ( VIEW4 ,CUBA IS ! ONLY ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN C\NTRY 9 :I* AGR>IAN COOP]ATIVES >E MANAG$ BY MILIT>Y P]SONNEL4 ,IF ! S]GEANT W]E WE>+ A ,RUSSIAN UNI=M1 ! IMPRESSION ?AT WE W]E CONV]S+ ) A SUP]VISOR ( A ,SOVKHOZ .<,RUSSIAN ,/ATE ,F>M.> W\LD HAVE BE5 P]FECT4 ,EXCEPT = ! TEAM WORK+ ON ! \TSKIRTS ( ! VILLAGE ITSELF1 WE GOT ! FEEL+ ( ! /&>D R\T9E PROC$URES ( AN IMM5SE IMP]SONAL ORGANIZATION ) BRAN*ES ALL OV] ! C\NTRY1 :OSE WAT*WORD IS 0,BREAD IS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ,FRE$OM4 0 ,BUT WE MU/ NEV] =GET ?AT !RE >E TWO DIFF]5T FRE$OMS6 ,NATIONAL FRE$OM :I* REF]S TO ! AUTONOMY ( A NATION1 & P]SONAL FRE$OM :I* IS MU* MORE IMPORTANT4 ,9 BRUTALLY OPPRESS$ C\NTRIES1 ) VIOL5T UPHEAVALS1 & LITTLE OR NO EXP]I5CE ( NATIONAL SOV]EIGNTY1 ! FIR/ NATIONAL AUTONOMY1 IS MORE VALU$ ?AN ! SECOND1 FRE$OM ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,CUBA BELONGS TO ! FIR/4 ,BREAD !RE IS1 BUT WE MU/ PO9T \T ON ! BASIS ( ! MO/ METICUL\S OBS]VATION1 ?AT ! RATION+ ( HUMAN FRE$OM HAS ALREADY BEGUN4 .<,S\*Y1 ( C\RSE1 WROTE BE=E ! FULL IMPACT ( ! DISA/R\S ECONOMIC POLICIES ( ! REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T BR\EA1 IS TODAY ! DI/RICT HEADQU>T]S ( ! ,9,R,A4 ,MO/ ( ! L& IS [N$ BY RELATIVELY MORE AFFLU5T PROPRIETORS1 BUT ! CREATION ( COOP]ATIVES BY ! ,9,R,A IS MAK+ RAPID PROGRESS4 ,! #h COOP]ATIVES 9 ! DI/RICT CONSI/ ( #a#a1#h#e#h HECT>ES 7ONE HECT>E IS AB\T #b #a_/#b ACRES7 WORK$ BY #b1#g AGRICULTURAL LABOR]S4 ,! ADM9I/RATOR1 ,S5OR ,C>BONELL1 IS A Y\NG MAN FULL ( 5]GY & 5?USIASM = ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,! >MY IS 9EXTRICABLY 9T]WOV5 9TO ! :OLE ,9,R,A NETWORK4 ,! >MY IS DEEM$ 9DISP5SABLE TO ! PROP] FUNCTION+ ( ?IS GIGANTIC & COMPLEX ORGANIZATION4 ,! SOLDI]S HELP TO BUILD H\SES & DO O!R USEFUL WORK4 ,BUT AS 9 ALL >MIES1 A LOT ( TIME & LABOR IS WA/$ ON P]FECTLY USELESS1 EV5 SOCIALLY H>MFUL PROJECTS4 ,!RE IS ALSO A WELL-EQUIPP$ MA*9E %OP = ! REPAIR ( AGRICULTURAL MA*9]Y4 ,! DI/RICT ,9,R,A HEADQU>T]S CALL$ A MEET+ TO >RANGE ! EXPANSION ( FACILITIES TO 9CLUDE ! MANUFACTURE ( C]TA9 AGRICULTURAL TOOLS & EQUIPM5T4 ,9 ADDITION TO ! WORK]S1 ! MEET+ WAS ALSO ATT5D$ BY ! DI/RICT MANAG]1 TWO LAWY]S1 & TWO >MY (FIC]S4 ,! PLANS = ! ORGANIZATION ( AN 9DU/RIAL COOP]ATIVE TO BE MANAG$ BY ! ,9,R,A W]E PRES5T$ TO ! MEET+4 ,:5 ! WORK]S ASK$ AB\T WAGES1 ! MANAG] REPLI$ ?AT WAGES W]E ( SECOND>Y IMPORTANCE & ?AT TO SPE$ UP ! 9DU/RIALIZATION ( ,CUBA1 C]TA9 SACRIFICES WILL HAVE TO BE MADE = ! SAKE ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,! WORK]S PLA9LY %[$ ?AT !Y DID NOT LIKE ! PROJECT4 ,F9ALLY1 ! EXASP]AT$ ADM9I/RATOR LAID D[N ! LAW3 ) OR )\T ! CONS5T ( ! WORK]S1 ! 0COOP]ATIVE0 PROJECT WILL BE ORGANIZ$ AS PLANN$4 ,! LAWY]S DREW UP ! NECESS>Y LEGAL DOCUM5TS & ! COOP]ATIVE WAS (FICIALLY E/ABLI%$4 ,! COOP]ATIVE WILL BE PATT]N$ AFT] ! /ATE 5T]PRISES ( ! 0SOCIALI/ C\NTRIES0 BEH9D ! 0IRON CURTA940 ,! ,M9I/RY ( ! ,ECONOMY WILL ORGANIZE PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION & MANAGE ALL NATIONALIZ$ 5T]PRISES4 ,& ! WORK]S WILL1 IF ! 0REVOLUTION>Y0 BOSSES ALL[ IT1 BE GIV5 A RE/RICT$ %>E 9 MANAGEM5T4 ,! ECONOMIC SITUATION ( ! WORK]S WILL BE MORE OR LESS ! SAME AS 9 PRIVATELY [N$ 5T]PRISES4 ,/ATIZATION ( ,MANZANILLO ,%OE ,FACTORIES ,9 ,MANZANILLO1 9 ADDITION TO FI%]IES1 !RE >E ALSO MANY SMALL %OE WORK%OPS1 EQUIPP$ ) OLD MA*9ES1 MANUFACTUR+ %OES = ! REGIONAL M>KET4 ,WAGES W]E L[ & !RE W]E FEW1 IF ANY1 WEAL?Y EMPLOY]S4 ,AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION CONFLICTS BROKE \T :5 ! WORK]S DEM&$ LABOR LAWS PROVID+ M9IMUM WAGES1 SOCIAL SECURITY & O!R B5EFITS4 ,REVOLUTION CAME TO ! %OE 9DU/RY4 ,! EMPLOY]S VOLUNT>ILY GAVE UP [N]%IP & DECID$ TO WORK TOGE!R ON EQUAL T]MS ) !IR =M] EMPLOYES4 ,! SMALL WORK%OPS W]E CONSOLIDAT$ 9TO ! NEWLY ORGANIZ$ ,%OE ,MANUFACTUR+ ,COLLECTIVE ( ,MANZANILLO4 ,A QU>T] C5TURY BE=E1 DUR+ ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 SIMIL> COLLECTIVES W]E E/ABLI%$ 9 ,SPA94 ,9 ,CATALONIA1 ! ,LEVANTE & ,CA/ILLE1 ! ISOLAT$ WORK%OP COLLECTIVES LAT] ORGANIZ$ !MSELVES 9TO SOCIALIZ$ 9DU/RIES4 ,!SE DEVELOPM5TS W]E BAS$ UPON ! OLD LIB]T>IAN TRADITION ?AT GAVE ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION ITS DI/9CTIVE *>ACT]4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ?IS POPUL> 9ITIATIVE ( ! ,MANZANILLO %OE WORK]S WAS SOON SQUEL*$4 ,! ,MANZANILLO SECTION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY WAS AGA9/ FREE COOP]ATIVES :I* CLA%$ ) !IR AU?ORIT>IAN IDEAS4 ,!Y !RE=E URG$ ,RUSSIAN /YLE ABSORPTION ( ! VOLUNT>ILY COLLECTIVIZ$ WORK%OPS BY ! ,9,R,A4 ,?IS PROPOSAL WAS 5?USIA/ICALLY 5DORS$ BY ! ,9,R,A BUREAUCRATS1 & ! COOP]ATIVE %OE 9DU/RY WAS TAK5 OV]4 ,?IS DE/RUCTION ( ! COOP]ATIVE IS NOT AN ISOLAT$ EXAMPLE ( H[ A MOVEM5T :I* BEGAN BY ABOLI%+ PRIVATE [N]%IP TO E/ABLI% FREE COOP]ATIVES1 WAS F9ALLY SWALL[$ UP BY ! /ATE AG5CY ,9,R,A1 9DICAT+ ! FA/ GR[+ TR5D T[>D ! ,RUSSIAN V>IETY ( /ATE CAPITALISM MISLABEL$ 0SOCIALISM40 ,! ,PRIMAV]A 7SPR+TIME7 ,RICE ,COOP]ATIVE ,CUBA CONSUMES 5ORM\S QUANTITIES ( RICE4 ,TO MEET DEM&1 GREAT /OCKS ( RICE MU/ BE IMPORT$4 ,AS P>T ( ! CAMPAIGN TO MAKE ,CUBA SELF-SUFFICI5T 9 RICE BY PLAC+ GREAT NEW >EAS UND] CULTIVATION ! DI/RICT ,9,R,A ORGANIZ$ ! ,PRIMAV]A RICE-GR[+ COOP]ATIVE4 ,! HUNDR$S ( NEW 0COOP]ATORS0 WILL BE LODG$ 9 B>RACK-LIKE /RUCTURES EQUIPP$ ) TWO-DECK] B$S & F$ 9 ONE HUGE D9+ HALL4 ,:ILE DISPLAY+ ! NEW ACCOMMODATIONS1 ! MANAG] W5T 9TO RAPTURES AB\T H[ ! NEW COOP]ATIVE WILL IMPROVE PRODUCTION :ILE BETT]+ QUALITY4 ,! IMPROVEM5TS WILL NO D\BT 9CREASE PRODUCTION4 ,9 O!R P>TS ( ! WORLD1 SIMIL> PROJECTS UND] APPROXIMATELY ! SAME CONDITIONS & PROC$URES >E 9 OP]ATION3 !RE TOO1 ! WORK]S SLEEP 9 B>RACKS & EAT 9 HUGE D9+ HALLS SUPPLI$ BY ! COMPANIES4 ,! ONLY NEW OR ORIG9AL FEATURE ( ?IS SEMI-MILIT>IZ$ LABOR >MY IS ! NAME 0COOP]ATIVE20 A DESCRIPTION ?AT NO TRUE COOP]ATIVE ANY:]E WILL ACCEPT4 ,I VISIT AN ELEM5T>Y S*OOL4 ,*ILDR5 >E M>*+1 *ANT+3 0,UNA--,DOS--,TRES--,CU>TO--,FI--,DEL--,CA/RO40 7ONE-TWO-?REE-F\R ETC47 ,! PR\D ,PR9CIPAL EXCLAIMS3 0,BEHOLD6 ,TOMORR['S SOLDI]S ( ,! ,REVOLUTION6 ,& ?IS BEAUTIFUL REBUILT S*OOL WAS ONCE AN OLD1 UGLY >MY B>RACKS40 ,ALAS6 ,! ,PR9CIPAL DOES NOT REALIZE H[ LITTLE ?+S HAVE REALLY *ANG$--H[ ! OLD MILIT>Y SPIRIT /ILL REMA9S4 ,! ,H]MANOS ,SA5Z ,COOP]ATIVE ,:5 ! ,VISE ,M9I/] ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 ,MIKOYAN1 VISIT$ ,CUBA1 ,CA/RO1 TO IMPRESS HIM ) ! A*IEVEM5TS ( ! REVOLUTION1 %[$ HIM ! ,H]MANOS ,SA5Z COOP]ATIVE--! PRIDE ( ! NEW ,CUBA4 ,! ,H]MANOS ,SA5Z COOP]ATIVE1 9 ,P9> DEL ,RIO PROV9CE1 IS NAM$ AFT] TWO BRO!RS1 #ae & #ai YE>S OLD1 :O W]E TORTUR$ & MURD]$ BY ,BATI/A'S EXECUTION]S4 ,! COOP]ATIVE WAS ORGANIZ$ & BUILT BY ! ,9,R,A4 ,9,R,A ADVANC$ CON/RUCTION & OP]AT+ F9ANCES4 ,! COMPLEX CONSI/S ( #ab ELEGANTLY L&SCAP$ H\SES = ! TOBACCO WORK]S & !IR FAMILIES4 ,A TYPICAL DWELL+ CONSI/S ( ?REE B$ROOMS1 A D9+ ROOM1 TILE BA?ROOM & A FULLY EQUIPP$ KIT*54 ,! BUILD+S >E 0FUNCTIONAL10 BUT ! RO(S >E TOO L[ & ! OLD PEASANT 0BOHIOS0 7COTTAGES7 >E BETT] V5TILAT$4 ,AP>T FROM ?IS1 WE MU/ PRAISE ! REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T = ITS EF=TS TO WIPE \T SLUM H\S+4 ,! COOP]ATORS MAKE NO D[N PAYM5T1 NOR >E !RE WAGE D$UCTIONS4 ,CON/RUCTION & MA9T5ANCE CO/S >E PAID =1 NOT BY ! 9DIVIDUAL COOP]ATOR1 BUT COLLECTIVELY FROM ! PR(ITS ( ! TOBACCO 9DU/RY4 ,! ,H]MANO ,SA5Z DEBT TO ,9,R,A WILL PROBABLY BE PAID QUICKLY--AB\T SIX TO T5 YE>S4 ,9 O!R PLACES A WORK] :O WANTS TO [N A H\SE W\LD HAVE TO MAKE MON?LY PAYM5TS = #ae TO #b YE>S4 ,! PRIDE ( ! COOP]ATIVE IS ! MAGNIFIC5T NEW S*OOL1 ) ITS SPACI\S G>D5S & PLAYGR\NDS1 AN AUDITORIUM1 AN IMM5SE D9+ HALL & FULLY EQUIPP$ KIT*5S :]E :OLESOME MEALS >E PREP>$ = ! *ILDR54 ,SAN ,V9C5TE ,ON ! DAY :5 ,CA/RO 9AUGURAT$ ! NEW ,S*OOL ( ! ,H]MANOS ,SA5Z COOP]ATIVE A GR\P ( #b PEASANTS ( ! T9Y VILLAGE ( ,SAN ,V9C5TE PETITION$ ,CA/RO TO HELP !M =M A COOP]ATIVE & NEW H\S+4 ,! PEASANTS HAD BE5 T5ANT F>M]S :O W]E =C$ TO H& OV] TWO ?IRDS ( !IR CROPS TO ! L&LORD4 ,!Y HAD NO MONEY1 NO F>M MA*9ES1 NO F]TILIZ]S4 ,AS ,CA/RO PROMIS$1 ! ,9,R,A IMM$IATELY BEGAN ! CON/RUCTION ( A NEW COOP]ATIVE VILLAGE = ! #b PEASANT FAMILIES ( ,SAN ,V9C5TE4 ,) ! HELP ( ! REVOLUTION>Y >MY & ! PEASANTS !MSELVES1 CON/RUCTION WAS COMPLET$ 9 ! RECORD TIME ( ONLY TWO MON?S4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL PEASANTS DO NOT [N ! PROP]TY ( ! COOP]ATIVE NOR ! AGRICULTURAL EQUIPM5T4 ,!Y HOLD %>ES 9 ! COOP]ATIVE4 ,! COOP]ATIVE 7LIKE ! RE/ ( ! RURAL ECONOMY7 IS NOT ADM9I/]$ BY ! PEASANTS1 BUT BY ! ,9,R,A 9 ACCORDANCE ) A NATIONAL PLAN4 ,! 0COOP]ATIVE0 IS ACTUALLY F9ANC$ BY WAGES1 DISGUIS$ AS 0ADVANCES0 . PAID TO ! PEASANTS BY !IR DE FACTO EMPLOY]1 ,9,R,A4 ,MY GUIDE1 ! BE>D$ REVOLUTIONI/1 ,CAPTA9 ,ALV>EZ ,CO/A1 PROV9CIAL DELEGATE ( ,9,R,A1 FURNI%$ ME ) 9=MATION AB\T ! COOP]ATIVES 9 HIS DI/RICT4 ,IT SEEMS ?AT 9 ! ,CUBAN COOP]ATIVES ! PEASANTS SACRIFICE !IR AUTONOMY 9 EX*ANGE = ECONOMIC SECURITY4 ,AL?\< ! ECONOMIC SITUATION ( ! PEASANT 0COOP]ATOR0 IS BETT] ?AN BE=E1 IT IS NEV]!LESS 9F]IOR TO ?AT ( ! FREE COOP]ATOR1 P>TICUL>LY FROM ! MORAL PO9T ( VIEW4 0,IS !RE NOT A DANG] 7,I ASK$ MY GUIDE7 ?AT ?IS SITUATION W\LD CREATE A DANG]\S DILEMMA3 BREAD )\T FRE$OM OR FRE$OM )\T BREAD80 ,! CAPTA91 CONC$+ ?AT SU* A DILEMMA IS 9DE$ POSSIBLE1 REPLI$3 4 4 4 \R ,REVOLUTION IS BAS$ UPON ! CONCEPTS =MULAT$ BY ,FIDEL ,CA/RO4 ,IF WE BUILD COOP]ATIVES1 ?OSE :O B5EFIT MU/ ACCEPT ! CONDITIONS /IPULAT$4 ,!RE >E HUNDR$S ( DIFF]5T COOP]ATIVES 9 \R PROV9CE4 ,SOME SELL !IR PRODUCTS TO ,9,R,A1 O!RS 9 ! FREE M>KET ETC4444 ,9 G5]AL1 ! COOP]ATIVES >E DIRECTLY ADM9I/]$ BY ,9,R,A4 ,H[EV]1 9 ?IS DI/RICT1 ! COOP]ATIVE 9 ! VILLAGE ( ,MONCADA WORKS COLLECTIVELY1 ON ITS [N 9ITIATIVE4 ,I SUGGE/ ?AT Y\ SEE H[ IT WORKS4 ,! ,S*OOL ,CITY3 0,CAMILO ,CI5FUEGOS0 ,9 ! FIELD ( $UCATION ! ,CA/RO REGIME IS 9ORD9ATELY PR\D ( :AT IT CONSID]S ITS GREATE/ A*IEVEM5T3 ! CON/RUCTION ( ,CIUDAD ,ESCOL>--,S*OOL ,CITY--AN IMM5SE COMPLEX NAM$ AFT] ! GREAT H]O ( ! ,REVOLUTION ,CAMILO ,CI5FUEGOS4 ,! COMPLEX IS BE+ BUILT AT ! FOOT ( ! ,SI]RA ,MAE/RA ,M\NTA9S1 ,CA/RO'S FAM$ /RONMY4 ,AL?\< ! CON/RUCTION WAS BEGUN ONLY A FEW MON?S AGO1 MANY BUILD+S HAVE ALREADY BE5 ]ECT$4 ,! PROJECT IS TRULY UNIQUE4 ,IT WILL ACCOMMODATE #b#b1 *ILDR5 ( BO? SEXES FROM #f TO #ah YE>S ( AGE2 MO/ ( !M FROM PEASANT FAMILIES 9 ! ,SI]RA ,MAE/RA REGION4 ,! COMPLEX WILL CONSI/ ( #db UNITS1 EA* ) A CAPACITY ( #e PUPILS1 9CLUD+ D9+ ROOMS1 CLASS ROOMS1 #d A?LETIC FIELDS1 A MOTION PICTURE !AT] & SWIMM+ POOL4 ,! C5TRAL KIT*5 WILL PREP>E MEALS = ALL ! #b#b1 /UD5TS4 4 4 ,! PROJECT WILL BE F9ANC$ BY ! GOV]NM5T & BUILT BY ,9,R,A4 #i1 HECT>ES . WILL BE DEVOT$ TO ! GR[+ ( RICE1 MALANGAS1 BEANS & O!R VEGETABLES1 & ! RAIS+ ( CATTLE1 P\LTRY ETC4 ,! PUPILS !MSELVES WILL DO ! WORK1 & ALL ?IS VA/ >EA WILL S]VE AS A S*OOL = AGRICULTURE4 ,IT IS EXPECT$ ?AT ! PRODUCTS WILL PAY = ! $UCATION & SUBSI/5CE ( ! /UD5TS )\T A /ATE SUBSIDY4 ,?US1 #b#b1 Y\NG PEOPLE WILL LIVE BY !IR [N LABOR4 ,ONE ( ! (FICIALS BOA/$3 0,?IS WILL BE ! GREATE/ $UCATIONAL PROJECT EV] BUILT40 ,BUT QUITE A FEW HI$3 $UCATIONALLY SPEAK+1 TO CON/RUCT AN $UCATIONAL APP>ATUS ( ?IS MAGNITUDE IS PURE 9SANITY4 ,IT W\LD HAVE BE5 F> BETT] TO BUILD A S*OOL 9 EV]Y VILLAGE 9 ! ,SI]RA ,MAE/RE ,MAE/RA REGION & ! S*OOLS W\LD AT ! SAME TIME CON/ITUTE A LOCAL CULTURAL C5T] & A SEP>ATE TE*NICAL AGRICULTURAL S*OOL C\LD F> MORE EASILY & USEFULLY BE ]ECT$ 9 ! PROV9CIAL CAPITAL4 4 4 ,! OP9ION ( ! VET]AN TEA*] MAKES S5SE4 ,TO SEP>ATE #b#b1 *ILDR5 FROM !IR HOMES & P>5TS IS TO DEPRIVE ! *ILDR5 ( ! LOVE1 AFFECTION1 & MAT]NAL C>E :I* IS 9DISP5SABLE = !IR EMOTIONAL & M5TAL HEAL?4 ,! CLOSE RAPPORT BETWE5 ! OLD & ! NEW G5]ATIONS WILL BE LOOS5$ & P]HAPS IRRETRIEVABLY SEV]$4 ,! :OLE S*EME IS BAS$ ON ]RONE\S & DI/ORT$ CONCEPTS4 ,! AIM ( $UCATION IS NOT ONLY ! ACCUMULATION ( TE*NICAL-SCI5TIFIC KN[L$GE1 BUT ALSO TO 9TRODUCE ! Y\? 9TO ! LIFE ( ADULTS4 ,9 SOCIAL LIFE1 !RE %\LD BE NO >TIFICIAL SEP>ATION BETWE5 OLD & Y\NG1 BUT RA!R1 AN 9T]-P5ETRATION1 A WELD+ TOGE!R1 A SOCIAL-P]SONAL BOND+ :I* MAKES POSSIBLE ! CO-$UCATION ( BO? ! OLD] & ! Y\NG] G5]ATIONS4 ,EXP]I5CE ACQUIR$ BY TRADITION & CONFIRM$ BY MOD]N SCI5CE TEA*ES US ?AT FAMILY LIFE1 ! RE>+ & $UCATION ( *ILDR5 MU/ CON/ITUTE A TRULY H>MONI\S COMMUNITY ( LOVE & MUTUAL UND]/&+4 ,! ,S*OOL ,CITY ,CAMILANO ,CAMILO ,CI5FUEGOS RESEMBLES ! MILIT>Y TRA9+ CAMP ( A MOD]N ,SP>TA2 NOT ! FREE COMMUNITY ( S*OL>S 9 ! TRADITION ( ANCI5T ,A!NS4 ,REVOLUTION & ,C\NT]-,REVOLUTION 9 ,CUBA1 BY ,ABEL>DO ,IGLESIAS ,?IS ACC\NT ( ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION WAS WRITT5 BY ! VET]AN AN>*I/1 ,ABEL>DO ,IGLESIAS1 :O LIV$ ?R\< ! EV5TS HE DESCRIBES4 ,:ILE /ILL A Y\NG MAN ,IGLESIAS D$ICAT$ HIS :OLE LIFE TO ! /RUGGLE = FRE$OM & SOCIAL JU/ICE4 ,HE WAS P>TICUL>LY ACTIVE 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T ( HIS NATIVE ,CUBA1 & MU* LAT]1 = MANY YE>S 9 ,SPA91 :]E HE F\TICUL>LY )9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,?IS ATTITUDE1 %>$ BY ALL ! MILITANTS ( ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,ASSOCIATION ( ,CUBA 7,A,L,C7 L$ NATURALLY TO ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! CORRUPT1 DICTATORIAL REGIME ( ,FULG5CIO ,BATI/A & HIS FRI5DS & COLLABORATORS2 ! V]Y SAME LEAD]S ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 :O N[ OCCUPY ! SAME HI< PO/S 9 ! ,CA/RO-COMMUNI/ DICTATOR%IP4 ,9 ! CRUCIAL P]IOD PREC$+ ! D[NFALL ( ,BATI/A1 ! ,CUBAN AN>*I/S /ROVE TO DEF5D ! CONQUE/S ( ! WORK]S & ! 9DEP5D5CE ( !IR ORGANIZATIONS AGA9/ ! CORRUPT LEAD]%IP ( ! ,BATI/A-,COMMUNI/ DOM9AT$ ,CONF$]ATION ( ,CUBAN ,WORK]S 7,C,T,C74 ,! FOLL[+ >TICLES BY ,IGLESIAS W]E PUBLI%$ 9 PAMPHLET =M BY ! ,>G5T9E AN>*I/ BI-MON?LY ,RECON/RUIR 7,BU5OS ,AIRES1 #a#i#f#c74 .<,S4,D4.> ,9TRODUCTION ,REVOLUTION & ,C\NT]-,REVOLUTION 9 ,CUBA IS A S]IES ( >TICLES WRITT5 9 LATE #aif & E>LY #a#i#f#a1 A FEW MON?S BE=E ,I LEFT ,CUBA4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 SUBSEQU5T EV5TS HAVE ONLY CONFIRM$ !IR CONT5TIONS4 ,]RONE\S IDEAS AB\T ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION >E TO A GREAT EXT5T DUE TO ! LACK ( RELIABLE 9=MATION4 ,9/EAD ( ! OBJECTIVE EVALUATION 9DISP5SABLE TO AN UND]/&+ ( EV5TS1 ! VIEWS ( ! CRITICS >E DI/ORT$ BY !IR POLITICAL PREJUDICES & ECONOMIC 9T]E/S4 ,! REACTION>IES PROCLAIM ! SANCTITY ( PRIVATE PROP]TY & RELIGION AS ESS5TIAL = ! PRES]VATION ( ! 0FULL DIGNITY ( MAN40 ,ALMO/ ALL ,NOR? ,AM]ICANS EXTOLL ! VIRTUES ( 0REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY0 & 0FREE 5T]PRISE40 ,9 ,LAT9-,AM]ICA1 OP9ION IS DIVID$ BAS$ NOT ON ! FACTS1 BUT ON H[ ! CRITICS 9T]PRET 0,AM]ICAN IMP]IALISM40 ,MANY ,CUBANS DETE/ ,CA/RO1 NOT = HIS TOTALIT>IAN ME?ODS ( GOV]NM5T1 BUT = ! COMMUNI/ *>ACT] ( HIS DICTATOR%IP4 ,MANY ( ?OSE :O N[ OPPOSE ,CA/ROISM1 SUPPORT$ HIS P]SONAL DICTATOR%IP FROM ! TIME ( ! ,SI]RA ,MAE/RA UNTIL !Y BEGAN TO SUSPECT ?AT HE WAS 9CL9$ T[>D ,M>XI/ REM$IES4 ,= !M1 ! TOTALIT>IAN ME?OD ( GOV]NM5T WAS LESS IMPORTANT ?AN ITS ,C,O,L,O,R4 ,! BIG L&LORDS1 ! BIG CAPITALI/S1 ! HEADS ( ! *UR* & ! PR(ESSIONAL POLITICIANS FULLY BACK$ ,CA/RO AS LONG AS !Y BELIEV$ ?AT HE W\LD BE A 0BLUE0 DICTATOR LIKE ,FRANCO2 !Y IMM$IATELY TURN$ AGA9/ HIM :5 HE BECAME A 0R$0 DICTATOR LIKE ,/AL94 ,BUT LIB]AL DEMOCRATS & REVOLUTION>IES FROM ALL SOCIAL CLASSES1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! UNIV]SITIES1 5?USIA/ICALLY ACCEPT$ ,CA/RO 9 GOOD FAI?1 F\* #a1 #a#i#e#b4 ,& IT IS !Y :O N[ CON/ITUTE ! MO/ VOCAL OPPOSITION TO ,CA/RO 9 ,CUBA & 9 EXILE4 .<,S9CE ?IS WAS WRITT51 MO/ ( ! OPPOSITION HAS COME FROM WORK]S & PEASANTS4.> ,?AT MILITANT AN>*I/S EV]Y:]E HAIL$ ! ,REVOLUTION :5 IT FIR/ BEGAN IS UND]/&ABLE4 ,IT LOOK$ LIKE A TRUE SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 & !Y TOOK ! LIB]T>IAN PRET5SIONS ( ! LEAD]S S]I\SLY BECAUSE !Y LACK$ REGUL> & COMPLETE 9=MATION AB\T ! REAL SITUATION 9 ,CUBA4 ,ANO!R FACTOR WAS PSY*OLOGICAL4 ,) ! DEFEAT ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION 7#a#i#c#f-#c#i7 ! ]A ( POPUL> REVOLUTIONS SEEM$ CLOS$4 ,9EVITABLY1 DISILLUSIONM5T SET 94 ,TO SOME EXT5T1 ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION REK9DL$ ! OLD REVOLUTION>Y FLAME4 ,! SPECTACLE ( A H]OIC H&FUL ( PEOPLE /RUGGL+ AGA9/ SEEM+LY 9SURM\NTABLE ODDS1 DISORGANIZ$1 POORLY >M$1 C>RY+ ON A GU]RILLA W> & DEFEAT+ A =MIDABLE1 P[]FULLY >M$ =CE ( PR(ESSIONAL SOLDI]S1 WAS B\ND TO >\SE ! SYMPA?Y & 5?USIASM ( ALL S9C]E REVOLUTION>IES4 ,BUT IF !SE FACTS EXPLA9 ! ATTITUDES ( LIB]T>IANS 9 #a#i#e#i1 ! FIR/ YE> ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 !Y CANNOT N[ .<#a#i#f#c.> JU/IFY ! ATTITUDE ( C]TA9 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS1 9 SEV]AL C\NTRIES1 :O /ILL D5Y ! FACTS & OB/9ATELY MA9TA9 A POSITION DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ TO LIB]T>IAN IDEAS & TRADITIONS4 ,?AT :I* COMPELS US TO FIB>IC REGIME1 EV5 :5 IT HIDES ITS TRUE NATURE BEH9D REVOLUTION>Y LIB]T>IAN SLOGANS4 ,AT FIR/ SIIANS %\LD KN[ ?AT CLASS PRIVILEGES >E SUBJECT$ TO ! /ATE AS ! SUPREME REGULATOR ( SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,& WE %\LD KN[ ALSO ?AT ! CONV]SION ( PRIVATE 9TO /ATE PROP]TY AUTOMATICALLY CONC5TRATES 5ORM\S POLITICAL P[] 9TO A R$UC$ NUMB] ( M51 !REBY CREAT+ A REVOLUTION>Y OLIG>*Y WIELD+ UNLIMIT$ P[]4 ,FIDEL ,CA/RO HAS E/ABLI%$ A TYPICAL TOTALIT>IAN OLIG>*Y4 ,9 ! NAME ( LIB]TY1 HE HAS %AMELESSLY BETRAY$ A POLITICALLY NAIVE PEOPLE :O HAVE ALL[$ !MSELVES TO BE TAK5-9 BY ! LEG5D>Y 0H]O ( ! ,SI]RA ,MAE/RA4 0 ,?IS IS NO M]E SUPPOSITION4 ,IT IS A CRUDE1 BRUTAL1 MON/R\S FACT :I* LIB]T>IANS WILL HAVE TO FACE 9 ALL ITS MAGNITUDE1 IF !Y REALLY WANT TO COMPREH5D ! IMM5SE TRAG$Y N[ BE+ 5ACT$ 9 ,CUBA4 ,AP>T FROM BYZANT9E DISCUSSIONS1 !RE >E !SE OBJECTIVE FACTS :I* NO ONE CAN D5Y4 ,WE LI/ BRIEFLY ! MA9 PO9TS3 ,! SO-CALL$ REVOLUTION>Y REGIME IS ESS5TIALLY AN OLIG>*Y DOM9AT$ BY A H&FUL ( M5 ACC\NTABLE TO NO ONE = !IR ACTIONS4 ,9 L9E ) !IR SECT>IANISM !Y HAVE ABOLI%$ ALL 9DIVIDUAL RIATUS ( T]ROR IMM5SELY MORE EFFICI5T ?AN ,BATI/A'S REPRESSIVE AG5CIES4 ,! L& HAS NOT BE5 DI/RIBUT$ TO ! PEASANTS1 = 9DIVIDUAL1 FAMILY1 COLLECTIVE OR COOP]ATIVE CULTIVATION1 BUT HAS BECOME ! 'DE FACTO' PROP]TY ( ! /ATE AG5CY1 ! ,9/ITUTE = ,AGR>IAN ,RE=M 7.>,N,R,A74 ,! NATIONALIZATION ( PRIVATE 5T]PRISES HAS NOT B5EFIT$ ! WORK]S4 ,! 9DU/RIES >E ADM9I/]$ NOT BY ! WORK]S' UNIONS1 BUT HAVE BE5 TAK5 OV] TO RE9=CE ! P[] ( ! /ATE1 CONV]T+ ! =M] WAGE SLAVES 9TO SLAVES ( ! /ATE MA*9E4 ,PUBLIC $UCATION HAS BECOME A /ATE MONOPOLY4 ,! /ATE >ROGATES TO ITSELF ! RIDLESS ( ! OP9ION ( ! P>5TS4 ,! LEGITIMATE NECESSITY TO PREP>E AGA9/ C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y AGGRESSION HAS BE5 ! PRETEXT = ! UNNECESS>Y MILIT>IZATION ( *ILDR5 & ADOLESC5TS AS 9 ,RUSSIA & O!R TOTALIT>IAN /ATES4 ,! RIE ACTUALLY /ATE AG5CIES1 :OSE SOLE FUNCTION IT IS TO CAJOLE OR =CE ! WORK]S TO OBEY ! COMM&S ( ! /ATE FUNCTION>IES )\T PROTE/4 ,!RE >E NO G5U9E JUDICIAL TRIBUNALS4 ,OPPOSITIONI/S >E PUNI%$ NOT = ALLEG$ (F5SES1 BUT = !IR CONVICTIONS & REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS4 ,FIDEL ,CA/RO'S GOV]NM5T IS CONDUCT$ 9 ACCORDANCE ) ,MUSSOL9I'S NOTORI\S DICTUM3 ,NO?+ \TSIDE ( ! ,/ATE66 ,NO?+ AGA9/ ! ,/ATE66 ,EV]Y?+ = ! ,/ATE66 ,HI/ORY ( A ,FRAUD3 ,! 0,M>* ,ON ,HAVANA0 ,! ROMANTIC AURA SURR\ND+ ,CA/RO'S LEG5D>Y EXPLOITS MU/ BE DISPELL$4 ,! MY? ( HIS ALLEG$ 0,M>* ON ,HAVANA0 CAPTUR$ ! IMAG9ATION ( HIS DELUD$ SYMPA?IZ]S1 MU/ ONCE & = ALL BE DEBUNK$4 ,WE :O LIV$ 9 ,CUBA1 :O WITNESS$1 & TO A C]TA9 EXT5T P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! EV5TS1 HAVE TOO MU* RESPECT = ! TRU? TO REMA9 SIL5T 9 ! FACE ( SU* S]I\S MISCONCEPTIONS4 ,! FACTS ( ! 0,M>* ON ,HAVANA0 >E ! FOLL[+3 ,WEEKS BE=E ,BATI/A FL$ ,CUBA1 :5 ! REBEL =CES ADVANC$ 9 ,LAS ,VILLAS ,PROV9CE )\T MEET+ S]I\S RESI/ANCE FROM GOV]NM5T TROOPS1 ,FIDEL ,CA/RO1 ALMO/ IMMOBILIZ$ 9 ,ORI5TE PROV9CE1 CONTACT$ ,COLONEL ,RIZO ,RUBIDO1 MILIT>Y COMM&] ( ! =TRESS AT ,SANTIAGO DE ,CUBA1 & BEGAN NEGOTIATIONS ) ?IS (FIC] ( ! ,BATI/A >MY = ! SURR5D] ( ! CITY1 ! CAPITAL ( ,ORI5TE ,PROV9CE4 ,:5 ! NEGOTIATIONS REA*$ AN ADVANC$ /AGE1 ,COLONEL ,RUBIDO >RANG$ A P]SONAL 9T]VIEW BETWE5 ,CA/RO & HIS SUP]IOR (FIC]4 ,! 9T]VIEW TOOK PLACE 9 AN AB&ON$ SUG> MILL 9 ,ORI5TE ,PROV9CE4 ,) ! HELP ( A ,CA?OLIC ,PRIE/1 ,FA!R ,GUZMAN1 ,FIDEL ,CA/RO & ,G5]AL ,CANTILLO REA*$ FULL AGREEM5T & ,G5]AL ,CANTILLO SURR5D]$ ,SANTIAGO DE ,CUBA & ! :OLE ,PROV9CE ( ,ORI5TE TO ,CA/RO4 ,!SE EV5TS W]E RELAT$ BY ,CA/RO HIMSELF ON TELEVISION & REPORT$ 9 ! FIR/ WEEKS ( #aiei 9 ! MAGAZ9E ,BOHEMIA1 :I* REPRODUC$ ACTUAL PHOTOGRAPHS ( ! NOTES EX*ANG$ BETWE5 ,FIDEL ,CA/RO & ,G5]AL ,CANTILLO4 ,FULG5CIO ,BATI/A !N SUMMON$ ,G5]AL ,CANTILLO TO ,HAVANA & TOLD HIM ( HIS DECISION TO ABDICATE & APPO9T HIM 7,G5]AL ,CANTILLO7 AS ,COMM&]-9-,*IEF ( ! >MY TO MA9TA9 ORD] & RETURN ! C\NTRY TO NORMALCY4 ,G5]AL ,CANTILLO ACCEPT$ ,BATI/A'S (F] & IMM$IATELY CONTACT$ ,FIDEL ,CA/RO1 9=M+ HIM ?AT HE WAS READY NOT ONLY TO SURR5D] ,ORI5TE ,PROV9CE1 BUT ! :OLE C\NTRY4 ,A FEW H\RS LAT]1 ,BATI/A1 TOGE!R ) HIS 5T\RAGE1 LEFT ,HAVANA = ,SANTO ,DOM+O 9 ?REE MILIT>Y PLANES4 ,?IS HAPP5$ AT DAWN1 ,JANU>Y #a/1 #a#i#e#i4 ,) ! FLIM$ =CES SURR5D]$ IMM$IATELY )\T FIR+ A S+LE %OT4 ,G5]AL ,CANTILLO TRANSF]R$ COMM& ( HIS >MY TO ,COLONEL ,RAMON ,B>QU9 :O HAD JU/ BE5 RELEAS$1 AFT] BE+ S5T5C$ TO IMPRISONM5T = CONSPIR+ AGA9/ ! ,BATI/A GOV]NM5T4 ,UPON ASSUM+ COMM& ( ! >M$ =CES1 ,COLONEL ,B>QU9 TOLD ,FIDEL ,CA/RO ?AT ! >MY & HE P]SONALLY WAS AT HIS DISPOSAL & UND] HIS ORD]S & ?AT HE .<,B>QU9.> W\LD REMA9 ONLY AS LONG AS ,CA/RO WANTS HIM TO OR UNTIL HE WAS REPLAC$4 ,FIDEL ,CA/RO IMM$IATELY ORD]$ HIS REBEL TROOPS TO OCCUPY ALL 9/ALLATIONS1 B>RACKS & =TRESSES4 ,9 L9E ) !SE ORD]S1 ,CAMILO ,CI5FUEGOS ) A =CE ( ONLY #c M51 OCCUPI$ ,CAMP ,MILIT>Y ,CITY AFT] #a#b1 ,BATI/A TROOPS1 9CLUD+ AVIATION1 >TILL]Y & TANK UNITS1 SURR5D]$ )\T FIR+ A %OT4 ,COMM&] ,]NE/O ,GUEV>A TOOK OV] ! ,LA ,CABANA ,=TRESS4 ,CA/RO'S BRO!R1 ,RAUL1 BECAME ,PROVISIONAL ,COMM&] ( ! ,M>9A DE ,GU]RA NAVAL /ATION4 ,FAURE ,*AMONT WAS APPO9T$ ,COMM&] ( ,SAN ,ANTONIO DE LOS ,BANOS ,BANOS AIR BASE & ( ! ,PRESID5TIAL ,PALACE4 ,O!R APPO9TEES FILL$ ! O!R PO/S4 ,FIDEL ,CA/RO F9ALLY 5T]$ ,SANTIAGO DE ,CUBA ONLY AFT] ! CITY HAD BE5 PEACEFULLY OCCUPI$ BY HIS TROOPS1 COMM&$ BY ,HUB] ,MATOS1 ! REAL H]O ( ! >M$ /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,BATI/A4 .<,MAJOR ,HUB] ,MATOS1 MILIT>Y COMM&] ( ,CA/RO TROOPS :O BLOCKAD$ ,SANTIAGO DE ,CUBA1 WAS ! ,COMM&] ( ,ORI5TE & ,CAMAGUEY REBEL =CES4 ,BECAUSE ,MATOS URG$ ,CA/RO TO HALT COMMUNI/ P5ETRATION ( HIS GOV]NM5T HE WAS BR\S 9 PRISON4 ,DESPITE 9T]NATIONAL APPEALS = HIS RELEASE & ! PLEAS ( HIS FAMILY HE HAS NOT YET BE5 FRE$4 ,HIS FAMILY LIVES 9 ,NEW ,J]SEY4.> ,CA/RO'S ACTIVITY AT ?IS TIME WAS 9T5SE3 ,HE DESIGNAT$ ,SANTIAGO DE ,CUBA AS TEMPOR>Y ,CAPITAL ( ,CUBA2 APPO9T$ ,MANUEL ,URRUTIA ,LLEO TO BE ,PROVISIONAL ,PRESID5T ( ,CUBA2 ORD]$ A G5]AL /RIKE 7:I* COLLAPS$ = LACK ( SUPPORT27 APPO9T$ ! LI/ ( M9I/]S & APPO9T$ ,DR4 ,JOSE ,MIRO ,C>DONA AS ,PRIME ,M9I/]2 & DELIV]$ ! FIR/ ( HIS 9T]M9ABLE H>ANGUES TO A C>EFULLY /AG$ MASS RALLY4 ,ONLY !N1 :5 ALL ! P[] WAS 9 HIS H&S2 :5 HE WAS HY/]ICALLY ACCLAIM$ ALL OV] ,CUBA2 ONLY ,!,N DID ,CA/RO /AGE HIS MASSIVE PUBLICITY /UNT1 ! FAKE 0,M>* ,ON ,HAVANA2 0 A #ce KILOMET] P>ADE D[N ! ,C5TRAL ,HIMY TROOPS1 TANKS & PLANES ETC4 ,CA/RO C\LD HAVE FL[N DIRECTLY TO ,HAVANA 9 A FEW H\RS AT MO/4 ,BUT HE DELIB]ATELY >RANG$ ?IS O/5TATI\S1 G>I% DISPLAY ( MILIT>Y P[]1 TO FOOL ! WORLD 9TO ! BELIEF ?AT HE HAD TAK5 BY >M$ =CE1 A CITY ?AT VOLUNT>ILY ACCORD$ HIM A TUMULTU\S WELCOME4 ,ON ,JANU>Y #h1 #a#i#e#i1 ,FIDEL ,CA/RO 5T]$ ,HAVANA1 )\T FIR+ A %OT1 ACCLAIM$ BY DELIRI\S MOBS1 A MILIT>Y SPECTACLE :I* HAD NO?+ TO DO ) A VICTORI\S ASSAULT ON ,HAVANA2 A VULG> IMITATION ( ,MUSSOL9I'S 0,M>* ON ,ROME40 ,CA/RO3 ,! ,ANTI-,AM]ICAN ,IMP]IALI/ ,ONE ( ! MO/ CONTROV]SIAL ISSUES DEBAT$ 9 REVOLUTION>Y CIRCLES IS ! SPURI\S NATURE ( ,CA/RO'S 0ANTI-IMP]IALISM40 ,ACCORD+ TO HIS SYMPA?IZ]S1 ,CA/RO WAS PROVOK$ 9TO DEFY+ ! ,AM]ICAN IMP]IALI/ GOV]NM5T :I* /ROVE TO P]PETUATE ! ECONOMIC 9T]E/S ( ! CAPITALI/ MONOPOLI/S 9 ,CUBA & TO =CE ! ,CA/RO REGIME TO SUBMIT TO ITS DICTATES & POLICIES4 4 4 ,WE NE$ NOT PRODUCE TOO MANY >GUM5TS TO DEMON/RATE ?AT ! QUE/ION IS NOT QUITE SO SIMPLE4 ,!RE IS EVID5CE ?AT :ILE ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES DID NOT S]I\SLY BLOCK ! ILLEGAL %IPM5T ( >MS TO ,CA/RO'S REBEL >MY & ANTI-,BATI/A RESI/ANCE GR\PS 9 ,CUBA1 IT SLAPP$ AN EMB>GO ON >MS ALREADY PAID = ON ! ,BATI/A REGIME444 ,BATI/A BITT]LY PROTE/$ ?IS POLICY4 ,! MO/ WIDELY CIRCULAT$ & 9FLU5TIAL ,AM]ICAN CAPITALI/ MAGAZ9ES3 ,TIME1 ,LIFE1 ,CORONET1 ,NEWSWEEK1 ETC4 AS WELL AS LEAD+ CAPITALI/ NEWSPAP]S LIKE ,! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 GLORIFI$ ,CA/RO & HIS FAM\S 0B>BUDOS0 7BE>D$ ONES7 DEPICT+ !M AS ROMANTIC ,ROB9 ,HOODS1 GALLANTLY FIMY0 W]E PEASANTS4 ,! FACT IS1 ?AT AL?\< ,CA/RO'S /RON FACTORIES & !RE >E AT LEA/ ?REE MILLION PEASANTS 9 ,CUBA1 ,CA/RO'S 0>MY0 NUMB]$ ONLY #a1#e M5 :5 ! FIHEAD$ VIOL5T ANTI-,BATI/A ACTION ALL OV] ,CUBA4 ,! PRESS1 ! RADIO1 & TELEVISION NETWORKS PROVID$ FREE UNLIMIT$ PROPAG&A1 /IRR+ ! MASSES AGA9/ ,BATI/A4 ,9 SPITE ( ITS ANTI-,BATI/A S5TIM5TS1 ! ,CUBAN B\RGEOISIE WAS NEV]!LESS RESOLV$ 7) C]TA9 MODIFICATIONS7 TO CONT9UE ! DE FACTO SUBORD9ATION ( ,CUBA TO ! OV]ALL 9T]E/S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ! 0,COLOSSUS ( ! ,NOR?40 ,! F9ANCI]S & ! UPP] CL]GY1 HOP$ TO SEIZE POLITICAL P[] BY TURN+ ! PRO-,CA/RO S5TIM5T ( ! MASSES TO !IR ACC\NT4 ,AS ! FIR/ /EP 9 ?IS DIRECTION1 !Y GAVE AMPLE AID TO ! ,CA/RO MOVEM5T4 ,= ALL !SE ELEM5TS1 ,CA/RO BECAME ! 0,LID] ,MAXIMO10 ! 0,CAUDILLO0 ( A POPUL> B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION4 ,CA/RO HAD AT ?AT TIME GIV5 !M NO REASON TO ?9K O!RWISE4 ,9 #a#i#e#i1 ONLY A FEW MON?S AFT] HIS VICTORY1 ,CA/RO VEHEM5TLY D5I$ ?AT HE WAS A COMMUNI/1 D5Y+ ?AT HE WAS PLOTT+ TO REPLACE MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP ) 0REVOLUTION>Y DICTATOR%IP40 0444CAPITALISM MAY KILL A MAN ) HUNG]2 COMMUNISM KILLS MAN BY WIP+ \T HIS FRE$OM4 4 4 0 7#b7 ,SC>CELY A MON? AFT] ! REVOLUTION1 ,CA/RO CAUTI\SLY BEGAN TO REVEAL HIS TRUE 9T5TIONS4 ,UNLEA%+ A VIOL5T CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HE MANIFE/$ HIS SYMPA?Y = ,SOVIET IMP]IALISM4 ,ANY ONE CRITICIZ+ LIFE 9 ! 0SOCIALI/0 C\NTRIES WAS REVIL$ AS A 0C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/40 ,CA/RO'S [N COMRADES-9->MS1 ,MANUEL ,URRUTIA ,LLEO1 ,JOSE ,MIRO ,C>DONA1 ,MANUEL ,RAY ,RIV]O & ,HUB] ,MATOS :O HELD KEY POSITIONS 9 HIS ADM9I/RATION W]E DISMISS$ FROM (FICE1 IMPRISON$1 OR DRIV5 9TO EXILE :5 !Y TRI$ 9 ! LATT] HALF ( #aiei TO OPPOSE ,CA/RO'S PRO-COMMUNI/ POLICIES3 ,! MY/]I\S DEA? ( ,CA/RO'S SECOND-9-COMM&1 ,CAMILO ,CI5FUEGOS1 WAS ONE ( ! TRAGIC CONSEQU5CES ( ?IS FI]CE /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! TOP LEAD]S ( ! NEW ,CUBAN GOV]NM5T4 ,AN APP>5TLY IDEOLOGICAL DISPUTE BECAME 9 REALITY A W> TO ! DEA? = ! CONQUE/ ( P[]4 ,9 EXPOS+ ,CA/RO'S DUPLICITY1 WE WANT TO MAKE IT CRY/AL CLE> ?AT WE DO NOT 9 ANY WAY 9T5D TO JU/IFY ,AM]ICAN POLICIES 9 ,CUBA1 OR ANY:]E 9 ,LAT9-,AM]ICA4 ,WE DO NOT = A MOM5T OV]LOOK ! AGE LONG EXPLOITATION ( ,AM]ICAN IMP]IALISM & ATROCITIES AGA9/ ! LIB]TY ( ! PEOPLES ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 ,= US1 :O P>TICIPAT$ ACTIVELY 9 ! ,REVOLUTION & KN[ ! FACTS1 ! 9CORPORATION ( ! ,CA/RO REGIME 9TO ! ,RUSSIAN1 ,*9ESE & 0?IRD WORLD0 IMP]IALI/ BLOC1 WAS DUE NEI!R TO CIRCUM/ANCES1 NOR ! ,U4,S4 PRESSURE4 ,IT WAS DELIB]ATELY PUT 9TO EFFECT 9 ACCORDANCE ) TREA*]\S ,BOL%EVIK TACTICS4 ,FIDEL ,CA/RO IS NOT AN ANTI-IMP]IALI/4 ,HE IS ANTI-,AM]ICAN & PRO-,SOVIET4 ,HE C>RI$ ?R\< A S]IES ( MANEUV]S TO JU/IFY HIS TOTAL SURR5D] TO ! ,RUSSIAN-,*9ESE IMP]IALI/ CAMP4 7#c7 ,TO GALVANIZE PUBLIC OP9ION 9TO ACCEPT+ HIS DUPLICITY1 HE NOT ONLY PROVOK$ ! CRISIS CONFRONTATION ) ! ,WA%+TON GOV]NM5T1 BUT ALSO R5\NC$ ?AT :I* WE LIB]T>IANS CONSID] MO/ ESS5TIAL3 ! POSSIBILITY ( =G+ UNBREAKABLE L9KS ( SOLID>ITY BETWE5 ! OPPRESS$ PEOPLE ( ,CUBA & ! O!R OPPRESS$ PEOPLES ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 ! ONLY ONES :O CAN R5D] UNSELFI% & EFFECTIVE AID TO ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,! ,CUBAN PEOPLE N[ SUFF] ! HORRORS ( A TOTALIT>IAN 0COMMUNI/0 REGIME1 MASSIVELY SUBSIDIZ$ BY ! ,SOVIET BLOC ) >MS1 TE*NICIANS1 MILIT>Y & POLICE EXP]TS ETC4 ,BUT ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE HAVE 9 A ?\S& WAYS DEMON/RAT$ !IR UNQU5*ABLE WILL TO EMANCIPATE !MSELVES FROM ! DICTATORIAL REGIME ?AT EXPLOITS & OPPRESSES !M4 ,! OLD SPIRIT ( 9DEP5D5CE IS NOT YET CRU%$4 ,!Y >E DET]M9$ TO FIY POLICY1 AGA9/ BO? ! REACTION>Y EMIGRE =CES & ! POLITICIANS 9 EXILE :O W\LD NOT HESITATE TO SELL !IR S\LS TO ! DEVIL HIMSELF1 9 ORD] TO RECONQU] ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC P[] !Y LO/ 9 ! ,JANU>Y #a/ ,REVOLUTION4 ,NOTE #a ,9 RESPECT TO ! MIDDLE-CLASS CONT5T ( ! FIR/ ,CA/RO ,GOV]NM5T1 ,!ODORE ,DRAP]'S 9VE/IGATION %[S3 444NEV] A S+LE ONE ( ,CA/RO'S M9I/]S WAS A PEASANT OR WORK] 9 9DU/RY4 ,EV]Y ONE ( !M ATT5D$ A UNIV]SITY1 CAME FROM AN UPP] OR MIDDLE-CLASS HOME & ASPIR$ TO BECOME A PR(ESSIONAL OR 9TELLECTUAL4 4 4,I PREVAIL$ ON ONE ( ! M9I/]S TO WRITE \T 9 HIS [N H&WRIT+1 ON HIS [N /ATION]Y1 ! PR(ESSIONS1 OCCUPATIONS & AGES ( EA* ( ! M9I/]S4 4 4 7,CA/RO'S ,REVOLUTION4 4 4 P4 #d#c7 ,! LI/ 9CLUD$ SEV5 LAWY]S1 #b UNIV]SITY PR(ESSORS1 #c UNIV]SITY /UD5TS1 #a DOCTOR1 #a 5G9E]1 #a >*ITECT1 #a MAYOR & #a CAPTA94 ,NOTE #b ,! MA9 PO9TS ( ! B\RGEOIS-DEMOCRATIC RE=M CON/ITUTION :I* ,CA/RO PROMIS$ TO PUT 9TO EFFECT 9CLUD$3 FULL FRE$OM ( PRESS1 RADIO1 ETC42 RESPECT = ALL CIVIL1 POLITICAL & P]SONAL RIANTE$ BY ! ,CON/ITUTION ( #a#i#d2 DEMOCRATIZATION ( ! UNIONS & PROMOT+ FREE ELECTIONS AT ALL LEVELS4 ,9 AN 9T]VIEW E>LY 9 #aieh FROM ! ,SI]RA ,MAE/RE ,MAE/RA1 ,CA/RO PL$G$ ?AT HIS3 4 4 4 PROVISIONAL GOV]NM5T MU/ BE AS BRIEF AS POSSIBLE1 JU/ TIME 5\< TO CONVOKE ELECTIONS = /ATE1 PROV9CIAL & MUNICIPAL PO/S 4 4 4 ! PROVISIONAL GOV]NM5T NOT TO REMA9 9 P[] = MORE ?AN TWO YE>S4 4 4 ,I WANT TO REIT]ATE MY TOTAL LACK ( P]SONAL 9T]E/ & ,I HAVE R5\NC$1 BE=EH&1 ANY PO/ AFT] ! VICTORY ( ! ,REVOLUTION 4 4 4 !SE >E ! ?+S WE WILL TELL ! PEOPLE4 ,WILL WE SUPPRESS ! RIRY ?IS ,REVOLUTION =W>D ) ALL FRE$OMS444,:5 ONE NEWSPAP] IS CLOS$ D[N1 NO NEWSPAP] WILL FEEL SAFE2 :5 ONE MAN IS P]SECUT$ = HIS POLITICAL IDEAS1 NO ONE CAN FEEL SAFE4 44 7QUOT$ ,CUBAN ,LABOR2 ,MIAMI1 ,JAN4 #a#i#f#g7 ,NOTE #c ,:5 ,IGLESIAS WROTE ?IS ! ,CUBAN & ,*9ESE GOV]NM5TS W]E /ILL ON GOOD T]MS4 ,TO PLEASE ! ,RUSSIAN RUL]S1 UPON :OSE AID ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,CA/RO REGIME DEP5D$1 RELATIONS ) ,*9A DET]IORAT$ RAPIDLY4 .<,NOTES BY ,SAM ,DOLG(T.> ,H[ ,CA/RO'S ,CLIQUE ,RULES ,CUBA ,)\T TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT SOME ( ! PSY*OLOGICAL *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! 0,LID] ,MAXIMO0 7AS ,CA/RO LIKES TO BE KN[N7 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO EXPLA9 H[ A REGIME BUILT >\ND ! 0CULT ( ! P]SONALITY0 FUNCTIONS4 ,! MESSIANIC OBSESSION :I* DOM9ATES ,CA/RO'S P]SONALITY ALSO *>ACT]IZES HIS (FICIAL BEHAVIOR4 ,EV5 A BRIEF SURVEY ( HIS POLITICAL HI/ORY LEADS IMM$IATELY TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT WE >E DEAL+ ) A SUP]-AU?ORIT>IAN1 PA?OLOGICALLY CONCEIT$ 9DIVIDUAL1 TAK5 UP ) AN 9SATIABLE LU/ = P]SONAL P[]4 ,! WAY HE TREATS HIS FRI5DS & COLLABORATORS CONV9C+LY REVEALS ?IS CONDITION4 ,HE GOES TO EXTREMES 9 P]SECUT+ ?OSE :O D>E QUE/ION HIS ORD]S OR DISSOCIATE !MSELVES FROM HIM2 HE 9SULTS COLLABORATORS 9 PUBLIC2 IS 5RAPTUR$ TO ! PO9T ( HY/]IA BY PUBLIC OVATIONS2 BASKS 9 ! ADULATION & S]VILITY ( HIS SUBORD9ATES4 ,HIS IDEOLOGY IS1 9 EFFECT1 0! CULT ( P]SONALITY40 ,HE IS AN UNSCRUPUL\S POLITICAL DILETTANTE4 ,IF IT SUITS HIS PURPOSES1 HE PR(ESSES ANY IDEOLOGY4 ,HE AFFIRMS 9 PUBLIC :AT HE REPUDIATES 9 PRIVATE2 DELIB]ATELY FALSIFIES KN[N FACTS & CON/ANTLY CONTRADICTS HIMSELF1 AFFIRM+ TODAY :AT HE D5I$ YE/]DAY & VISE V]SA4 ,TO CURRY FAVOR ) ! PEASANTS1 ,CA/RO CAT]$ TO !IR RELIGI\S PREJUDICES4 ,HIS [N RELIGI\S $UCATION AL]T$ HIM TO ! TREM5D\S PROPAG&A VALUE ?AT RELIGI\S MY/ICISM & RITUAL EX]CISE OV] ! MASSES4 ,DUR+ ! :OLE ( HIS TWO-&-A-HALF YE> /AY 9 ! ,SI]RA ,MAE/RA1 ,CA/RO NEV] ONCE FAIL$ TO DISPLAY ! CONSPICU\S1 COLORFUL CRUCIFIX HE WORE >\ND HIS NECK4 ,DUR+ HIS 0,M>* ,ON ,HAVANA0 ESCORT$ BY ! 0H]OES ( ! ,REVOLUTION10 ! FAM\S 0,B>BUDOS0 7BE>D$ ONES7 ,CA/RO ORD]$ !M TO DISPLAY BRI?LY ,MESSIAH4 ,HE 5C\RAG$ ! ILLUSION ?AT ONLY ,H,E & HIS SELECT GR\P ( 0DISCIPLES0 & ! 0H]OES ( ! ,REVOLUTION0 HAVE E>N$ ! RIY IMPORTANCE4 ,AT ! BEG9N+1 ,CA/RO'S LEG5D>Y 0,TWELVE ,APO/LES0 :O DISEMB>K$ ) HIM FROM ! ,GRANMA TO BEG9 ! GU]RILLA W> AGA9/ ,BATI/A CON/ITUT$ HIS GOV]NM5T4 ,LAT]1 ! 0,COMM&ANTES ( ! ,SI]RA0 W]E ALL[$ TO JO9 ! CLUB4 ,/ILL LAT]1 ,CA/RO ALL[$ ! LEAD]S ( ,UNIT$ ,P>TY ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION--A COALITION ( ! #b#f? ( ,JULY ,MOVEM5T1 ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,DIRECTORATE 7MO/LY /UD5TS7 & ! ,POPUL> ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY 7COMMUNI/7 TO JO9 ! ELITE4 ,CA/RO PURG$1 JAIL$1 BANI%$ & TORTUR$ HUNDR$S ( HIS ADH]5TS1 :O HAD DI/+UI%$ !MSELVES = BRAV]Y 9 ! ,REVOLUTION1 ONLY BECAUSE !Y W]E TOO 9DEP5D5T2 HE REPLAC$ !M ) =M] 5EMIES1 :O1 = A FEW GRA9S ( P[]1 RECANT$ & BECAME HIS FANATICAL DISCIPLES4 ,! TE*NIQUE EMPLOY$ BY ?IS LITTLE GANG ( DICTATORS TO DOM9ATE ! PEOPLE ( ,CUBA IS SIMPLE3 ,CA/RO'S JUNTA APPO9TS & DIS*>GES ! ,PRESID5T ( ! ,REPUBLIC2 LIKEWISE ALL ! M9I/]S4 ,IT 5ACTS OR REPEALS ALL ! LAWS4 ,IT ALSO APPO9TS ,PROV9CIAL ,GOV]NORS & ,MAYORS2 DET]M9ES :O %ALL ADM9I/] ! LABOR UNIONS2 ! 9DU/RIAL F$]ATION ( UNIONS & ! >M$ =CES4 ,! JUNTA DICTATES NATIONAL & =EIGN POLICY )\T CONSULT+ ! =MAL1 E/ABLI%$ GOV]NM5T2 APPO9TS & DIS*>GES 0REVOLUTION>Y0 TRIBUNALS & CIVILIAN JUDGES2 & ADM9I/]S ! ECONOMY )\T BE+ ACC\NTABLE TO ANYONE4 ,FUR!R1 IT CONVOKES 0SPONTANE\S0 MASS MEET+S TO 0CONSULT0 ! PEOPLE AB\T GOV]NM5T MEASURES :I* HAVE ALREADY BE5 PUT 9TO EFFECT4 ,IT EX]CISES EXCLUSIVE & ABSOLUTE CONTROL OV] ALL *ANNELS ( 9=MATION & COMMUNICATION & 9T]V5ES 9 ALL MATT]S 79CLUD+ :AT IT KN[S NO?+ AB\T74 ,! TOP RUL]S ASIDE FROM ,FIDEL ,CA/RO & HIS BRO!R ,RAUL1 A MEMB] ( ! COMMUNI/ Y\? ORGANIZATION 9 #a#i#e#b1 >E ! LATE ,*E' ,GUEV>A1 FANATICAL ,>G5T9E COMMUNI/ :O WAS ) ,CA/RO 9 ,MEXICO2 ,OSVALDO ,DORTICO'S ,TORRADO .<,PRESID5T ( ,CUBA.>1 A LAWY]1 9 HIS Y\? A ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY MEMB]1 LAT] A TRU/$ FRI5D ( ,BATI/A :O REW>D$ HIS S]VICES ) A HI< PO/ 9 ! MUNICIPALITY ( ,CI5FUEGOS2 ,C>LOS ,RAFAEL ,RODRIGUEZ1 =M] ,M9I/] )\T ,PORTFOLIO 9 ,BATI/A'S FIR/ 0CON/ITUTIONAL0 GOV]NM5T1 A =M] $ITOR ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY DAILY ,HOY2 ,BLAS ,ROCA1 ANO!R CORRUPT ,/AL9I/ BUREAUCRAT & P]SONAL FRI5D ( ,BATI/A 9 :OSE CAB9ET HE WAS ALSO ,M9I/] )\T ,PORTFOLIO2 ! LATE ,LAZ>O ,P5A ,P5A1 BOSS ( ! ,C,T,C 7GOV]NM5T CONTROLL$ LABOR ORGANIZATION7 UND] ,BATI/A & AT HIS DEA? OCCUPI$ ! SAME PO/ UND] ,CA/RO2 ,RAUL ,ROA1 :O TO W9 FAVOR ) ,CA/RO1 BECAME A ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY HACK AFT] #c YE>S AS A VIRUL5T ANTI-COMMUNI/2 ,JUAN ,M>9ELLO1 HEAD ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY UND] ,BATI/A ) :OM HE %>$ ! ELECTORAL SLATE :5 HE RAN = MAYOR ( ,HAVANA 9 #a#i#d2 & ,>M&O ,H>T ,DAVALOS1 A LAWY] & FAI?FUL ,CA/RO SYCOPHANT4 .<,AT ?IS WRIT+ ALMO/ ALL ( !M >E HI< (FICIALS 9 ,CA/RO'S GOV]NM5T4.> ,! ABSOLUTE MONOPOLY ( P[] EX]CIS$ BY ?IS LITTLE GR\P CAN LOGICALLY BE CALL$ A 0REVOLUTION>Y OLIG>*Y40 ,ALL ! FUNCTIONS ( GOV]NM5T1 TRADITIONALLY DIVID$ 9TO LEGISLATIVE1 JUDICIAL1 & EXECUTIVE BRAN*ES >E N[ CONC5TRAT$ 9 ?IS LITTLE GR\P4 ,!Y 9T]V5E 9 EV]Y?+4 ,9 A WORK]S' ASSEMBLY !Y CONNIVE TO DISMISS (FICIALS ELECT$ BY ! MEMB]%IP1 AS !Y ALSO DO 9 MEET+S ( /UD5TS1 :]E !Y DICTATE ! CURRICULUM4 ,NO?+ ESCAPES !IR CONTROL4 ,EV]Y?+ & EV]YBODY IS SUBJECT TO !IR ORD]S4 ,! POLITICAL P>TIES :O MAKE UP ! COALITION ,UNIT$ ,P>TY ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION >E ORI5TAT$ & DIRECT$ BY !M4 ,! SIMPLE RANK-&-FILE MEMB]S >E NOT GIV5 ! LEA/ OPPORTUNITY TO QUE/ION !IR >BITR>Y DECISIONS4 .<,ALL RELIABLE REPORTS SUB/ANTIATE !SE FACTS--IF ANY?+1 ! SITUATION IS EV5 WORSE1 S9CE ! DISSOLUTION ( ! COALITION1 ,CUBA IS N[ ,(,F,I,C,I,A,L,L,Y A ONE-P>TY DICTATOR%IP1 & ! P>TY IS 9 TURN SUBJECT$ TO ! P]SONAL DICTATOR%IP ( ,FIDEL ,CA/RO4.> ,CUBAN ,LABOR ,9 ,A ,/RAITJACKET ,! ,CUBAN LABOR MOVEM5T WAS ABSOLUTELY 9DEP5D5T ( GOV]NM5TS & POLITICAL P>TIES FROM ITS F\NDATION BY ! AN>*OSYNDICALI/S 9 ! #a#h#hS1 ! LA/ DAYS ( ,SPANI% DOM9ATION1 UNTIL #a#i#c#h1 :5 ! COMMUNI/S 9 ALLIANCE ) ! ,BATI/A ,GOV]NM5T1 SUBORD9AT$ ACTION ( ! WORK+ CLASS TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! ,P>TY & ! ,/ATE4 ,) ! CREATION ( ! ONLY GOV]NM5T SPONSOR$ UNION1 ,! ,CUBAN ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR 7,C,T,C71 ! UNIONS LO/ !IR AUTONOMY & BECAME TOTALLY DOM9AT$ BY ! COMMUNI/ LABOR BUREAUCRACY & ! ,BATI/A ,M9I/RY ( ,LABOR4 .<,BE=E ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! ,C,T,C CONSI/$ ( #a1#b1 MEMB]S ORGANIZ$ 9TO #cc 9DU/RIAL F$]ATIONS & #b1#d#i LOCAL UNIONS4.> ,9 SPITE ( REPRESSION1 9 SPITE ( ! FACT ?AT /RIKES W]E =BIDD5 BY LAW1 ! WORK]S1 TO A C]TA9 EXT5T1 /ILL 9FLU5C$ BY ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ TRADITIONS ( ! ,CUBAN LABOR MOVEM5T1 REFUS$ TO R5\NCE !IR 9DEP5D5CE AS A CLASS1 & F\S ( BITT] /RUGGLES1 ! WORK]S DEF5D$ !IR ORGANIZATIONS & WRE/$ FROM !IR EMPLOY]S GREATLY IMPROV$ CONDITIONS & MANY O!R SUB/ANTIAL GA9S4 ,) ! FALL ( ,BATI/A1 ! WORK+ CLASS EXPECT$ ?AT ! 9JU/ICES W\LD BE CORRECT$ & ! OB/ACLES TO A FREE & B5EFICIAL DEVELOPM5T ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T W\LD BE SWEPT AWAY BY ! TRIUMPHANT REVOLUTION4 ,BUT ?IS WAS ONLY 0! DREAM ( A SUMM] NIT 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y TRANS=MATION4 ,9/EAD ( ALL[+ ! LABOR ORGANIZATIONS TO ADM9I/] ! EXPROPRIAT$ 9DU/RIES4 :I* W\LD HAVE BE5 CORRECT & CON/RUCTIVE1 ! ,CA/RO GOV]NM5T1 )\T CONSULT+ ! WORK]S1 APPO9T$ /ATE ADM9I/RATORS4 ,9 MO/ CASES !SE ADM9I/RATORS KNEW LITTLE OR NO?+ AB\T ! 9DU/RY & W]E ABSOLUTELY 9CAPABLE ( MANAG+ !M EFFICI5TLY4 ,! #a? ,CONGRESS ( ,C,T,C1 :I* TOOK PLACE 9 ,NOVEMB]1 #a#i#e#i1 WAS M>K$ BY A BITT] BATTLE BETWE5 ! WORK]S :O HAD OP5LY & FREELY ELECT$ !IR REPRES5TATIVES :O W]E ANTI-COMMUNI/S4 ,BUT ! DICTATORS1 ESPECIALLY ,FIDEL & ,RAUL ,CA/RO1 9SI/$ ON PLAC+ ! UNIONS UND] ! CONTROL ( ! OLD-L9E ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY FAK]S4 ,! WORK]S W]E =C$ TO ACCEPT H&-PICK$ COMMUNI/S OR COMMUNI/ SYMPA?IZ]S :O CONTROL ! ,C,T,C 7#a74 ,?IS SIGNIFIES ?AT ! 9T]E/S ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T >E SUBORD9AT$ TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! NEW TOTALIT>IAN /ATE & ! ELIM9ATION BY F\L MEANS ( ! MILITANT UNIONI/S :O REFUS$ TO ACCEPT DICTATOR%IP4 ,CUBAN LABOR IS IMPRISON$ 9 A /RAITJACKET 7#b74 ,! COMMUNI/ (FICIALS >E DET]M9$ TO LIQUIDATE ALL ! CONQUE/S GA9$ BY ! WORK]S 9 #h YE>S ( /RUGGLE4 ,AMONG ! LI/ ( B5EFITS & RIY0 WAS ADD$ TO ! ORIG9AL NAME7 W]E ! RIE 5TITL$ TO TWO PAID AFT]NOONS (F DUR+ ! HOT MON?S ( ,JUNE1 ,JULY & ,AUGU/ -- & MANY O!R IMPROVEM5TS4 ,! WORK]S >E BE+ CON/ANTLY PRESSUR$ 9TO MAK+ 0VOLUNT>Y0 SACRIFICES TO F9ANCE ! EXP]IM5TS ( ! GOV]NM5T37#c7 ,! (FICES ( ! UNIONS HAVE BE5 CONV]T$ 9TO RECRUIT+ C5T]S = ,MILITIAM5 & WORK]S >E ?REAT5$ ) ! LOSS ( !IR JOBS IF !Y DON'T JO9 ! MILITIAS4 ,! LABOR (FICIALS ALSO HELP TO =M ,COMMITTEES ( ,VIGILANCE = ,DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 :O SPY ON ! WORK]S ON ! JOB1 REPORT+ :AT !Y SAY & DO TO ! POLICE4 ,! REACTION ( ALMO/ ALL ! WORK]S TO !SE PROVOCATIONS1 IS PASSIVE RESI/ANCE3 NON-COOP]ATION1 ABS5CE FROM WORK1 ABS5CE FROM ALL MEET+S CALL$ BY ! ,CA/RO-COMMUNI/ BOSSES1 ETC41 ETC4 ,IT CAN BE AFFIRM$ )\T FE> ( CONTRADICTION1 ?AT #h.0 ( ALL ! ,CUBAN WORK]S >E AGA9/ ,CA/RO4 ,9 ,JUNE #a#i#f1 ! AN>*I/S REIT]AT$ !IR CONVICTION ?AT ! WORK]S !MSELVES1 ?R\< !IR [N UNION ORGANIZATIONS1 %\LD UND]TAKE ! REVOLUTION>Y CONTROL & ADM9I/RATION ( ALL EXPROPRIAT$ 9DU/RIES & 5T]PRISES1 = ! SIMPLE REASON ?AT NO ONE CAN POSSIBLY BE BETT] OR EQUALLY FITT$1 BY REASON ( KN[-H[ & EXP]I5CE1 TO OP]ATE & ADM9I/] ! 9DU/RIES ?AN ?OSE :O WORK 9 !M4 ,?IS PROPOSAL1 FAVORABLY RECEIV$ BY ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S1 WAS1 ( C\RSE1 REJECT$ BY ! 0NEW CLASS0 :O TODAY EXPLOIT ! PEOPLE4 ,NOTE #a ,\T ( #b1#i#f#c DELEGATES1 ONLY #bdg VOTES W]E CA/ = ! ,CA/RO BACK$ SLATE4 ,DELEGATES D5\NC$ ! COMMUNI/S = !IR RECORD ( COLLABORATION ) ,BATI/A4 ,FI/ FI 9VECTIVES4 ,! \TRAGE\S VIOLATION ( ! ELEM5TAL RI\S$ ! PROTE/ ( ! 9T]NATIONAL LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! ,NEWS ,BULLET9 ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,UNION ( ,FOOD & ,ALLI$ ,WORK]S 7,G5EVA1 ,JUNE-,JULY1 #a#i#f#b73 ,S,A,V,E ,\,R ,M,O,V,E,M,5,T ,DAVID ,SALVADOR1 LEAD] ( ! LABOR SECTION ( ! #b#f? ( ,JULY ,MOVEM5T ?R\<\T ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,BATI/A1 WAS REC5TLY S5T5C$ TO #c YE>S 9 PRISON BY ,CA/RO4 ,SALVADOR WAS ! FIR/ ELECT$ LEAD] ( ! PO/-REVOLUTION>Y ,C,T,C4 ,HE RESIGN$ HIS PO/ AS ,SECRET>Y-,G5]AL 444 9 ,MAY #aif 9 PROTE/ ( ! ,COMMUNI/ TAKE-OV] BE+ DIRECT$ BY ,CA/RO4 ,9 ,NOVEMB]1 HE WAS IMPRISON$ )\T TRIAL & REMA9$ 9 ,LA ,CABANA ,=TRESS1 ALONG ) #g O!R POLITICAL PRISON]S4 ,SEV5 O!RS W]E S5T5C$ ) ,SALVADOR1 9CLUD+ A REVOLUTION>Y >MY COMM&]1 ,JAIME ,VEGA1 & TWO O!R REVOLUTION>Y LABOR LEAD]S4 ,= OV] A YE> AFT] ,SALVADOR WAS >RE/$1 ! ,C,T,C HAD ELECT$ NO LEAD]4 ,F9ALLY1 9 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f1 ,LAZ>O ,P5A ,P5A WAS PUT 9TO ! PO/4 ,P5A ,P5A1 AN OLD TIME ,COMMUNI/ UNION BUREAUCRAT1 HELP$ =M ! ,BATI/A CONTROLL$ ,C,T,C 9 #a#i#c#i1 DUR+ ! ,COMMUNI/-,BATI/A COALITION4 .<)9 :I* HE WAS ALSO ! ,C,T,C'S FIR/ ,SECRET>Y-,G5]AL.> .<,S4,D4.> ,NOTE #b ,LABOR ,DISCIPL9E ,LAWS TO ,LEGALIZE ,/ATE ,DOM9ATION ( ,LABOR ,MOVEM5T & ,PUNI% ,WORK]S ,RESI/ANCE4 ,9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#f#b1 A DECREE WAS ISSU$ PROHIBIT+ WORK]S FROM *ANG+ !IR OCCUPATION OR EMPLOY] & MAK+ ABS5TEEISM A MAJOR CRIME4 ,9 ,SEPTEMB]1 WORK NORMS W]E SET UP & TABLES W]E WORK$ \T TO COMPUTE PRODUCTIVITY4 ,FROM !N ON ! WORK =CE WAS TO BE /RICTLY DISCIPL9$ & REGULAT$ BY LAW4 ,LAW #fdg ALL[$ 0444 ,! ,M9I/] ( ,LABOR1 ?R\< HIS REPRES5TATIVE1 IF HE ?9KS IT NECESS>Y1 TO TAKE FULL CU/ODY ( ANY UNION OR F$]ATION1 & IS AU?ORIZ$ TO DISMISS (FICIALS & APPO9T O!RS TO REPLACE HIM 4440 ,CORRESPOND5T ,JUAN DE ,ONIS 9 A ,HAVANA DISPAT* TO ,! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES 7,OCTOB] #c1 #a#i#f#d7 REPORTS ! 5ACTM5T ( A LAW COMPELL+ /ATE F>M WORK]S 0TO PUT 9 AN EIELESSNESS 0444 & MA*9]Y BREAKAGE 444 /IFF P5ALTIES WILL BE PROVID$ 444 ! LIE A #a#e.0 R$UCTION 9 PAY 444 = ?REE UNJU/IFI$ ABS5CES FROM WORK 9 A MON? 444 7\R EMPHASIS74 ,TO SUPPLEM5T LEGAL MEASURES ! GOV]NM5T TITICLE 9 ! ,JUNE #b#f1 #a#i#f#f1 ISSUE ( ,GRANMA1 ! GOV]NM5T MADE CLE> ITS PLAN = ! RE/RUCTUR+ ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,UND] ! HEADL9E ,9,T,],V,I,E,W ,) ,B,A,S,I,L,I,O ,R,O,D,R,I,G,U,E,Z--,M,9,I,/,] ,( ,L,A,B,O,R SUBTITLE3 ,TWELF? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,C,T,C ,PROPOSES TO ,/R5G!N ,UNIONS1 ! >TICLE1 9 P>T1 READS3 04 4 4 ! CALL TO ! ,C,T,C ,CONGRESS PROPOS$ ! /R5G!N+ ( ! AU?ORITY ( ! ,C5TRAL ,ORGANIZATION4 4 4 ,) ! NEW /RUCTURE1 ! ACTIVITIES ( ! ,C,T,C & ! DIRECTORS ( ! NATIONAL UNIONS W]E /RICTLY CONTROLL$ BY ! ,C5TRAL ,ORGANIZATION40 ,NOTE #c ,ON ,VOLUNT>Y ,LABOR 444 ! FIR/ REGULATIONS ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,EMULATION ,PROGRAM1 :I* W5T 9TO EFFECT 9 #a#i#f#c1 SET UP /RICT CONTROLS = VOLUNT>Y WORK4 ,UND] ! PROGRAM1 WORK]S W]E REQUIR$ TO SIGN CONTRACTS ) ! ,/ATE1 AGREE+ TO WORK A DET]M9$ NUMB] ( H\RS )\T PAY4 ,9 E>LY #a#i#f#c1 ! ,C,T,C DECID$ ?AT ! ,BATTALIONS ( ,VOLUNT>Y ,WORK]S HAD TO TURN 9 WEEKLY REPORTS GIV+ ! NAMES ( WORK]S 9 EA* BATTALION & ! WORK RECORD ( EA* VOLUNTE]4 ,?IS WAS ONE ( ! MEASURES 9/ITUT$ TO ALLEVIATE ! %ORTAGE ( LABOR & ! PROBLEM ( 9CREAS+ ABS5TEEISM4 ,! ,C,T,C BRAN* 9 ,MATANZAS ,PROV9CE HAD TO BE 0HURRI$LY REORGANIZ$0 BECAUSE IT FAIL$ TO FULFILL ITS 0OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE ITS QUOTA ( VOLUNT>Y LABOR40 7,C,M,Q RADIO1 ,HAVANA1 ,FEBRU>Y #e1 #a#i#f#c7 4 4 4 9 #aifd ! ,VOLUNT>Y ,LABOR ,PROGRAM WAS FUR!R SY/EMIZ$ ) ! 9TRODUCTION ( ! ,C>TE ,LABORAL 7,LABOR ,ID5TITY ,C>D74 ,! AM\NT ( VOLUNT>Y LABOR P]=M$ BY EA* WORK] WAS RECORD$ ON ! C>D4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,>NALDO ,MILIAN1 ,SECRET>Y-,G5]AL ( ! ,PEOPLE'S ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY 7,COMMUNI/7 ( ,LAS ,VILLAS1 ! SY/EM 0GU>ANTEES DISCIPL9E 9 EA* BRIGADE1 BESIDES IMPROV+ POLITICAL AW>5ESS & P]MITT+ CON/ANT PROMOTION ( PRODUCTION & EMULATION4 4 4 ?IS IS :AT 5ABL$ ! ,CRUCES 7T[N7 SECTION TO A*IEVE SU* A HI< DEGREE ( CANE CUTT+4 4 4 0 7BROADCA/ OV] ,RADIO ,PROGRESSO1 ,SANTA ,CL>A ,CITY1 ,APRIL #a#a1 #a#i#f#d4 ,SEE ALSO1 ,ORGANIZATION ( ,LABOR ,BRIGADES 9 ,AGRICULTURE BY ,ISRAEL ,TALAV]A2 ,CUBA ,SOCIALI/A1 ,HAVANA1 ,APRIL #a#i#f#d7 ,9 RESPECT TO 0VOLUNT>Y0 LABOR1 ,! ,BULLET9 ( ! ,CUBAN ,LIB]T>IAN ,MOVEM5T 9 EXILE 7,MIAMI1 ,JULY #a#i#f#g7 QUOTES ! (FICIAL ORGAN ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,CUBA1 ,GRANMA3 0,JOSE ,LOPEZ-AGE #hh 'VOLUNT>ILY' RETURN$ TO WORK 9 ! SUG> H>VE/40 7,GRANMA1 ,APRIL #b#e1 #a#i#f#g7 0#d#b WOM5 9 ! ,H5EQU9 FACTORY ,MATANZAS PROV9CE 'VOLUNT>ILY' WORK$ #gb CONSECUTIVE H\RS0 7,GRANMA1 ,APRIL #b#f1 #a#i#f#g7 0,WORK]S 9 ! ,C5TRAL ,WORK%OP ( ! ,M9I/RY ( ! ,>M$ ,=CES PUTT+ 9 A #ad TO #af H\R DAY1 'VOLUNT>ILY' WORK$ A TOTAL ( #b#h1 H\RS0 7,GRANMA1 ,APRIL #b#g1 #a#i#f#g7 0,9 ! PROV9CE ( ,ORI5TE1 #a#i1#b#d#g WORK]S 9 ?REE MON?S 'VOLUNT>ILY' WORK$ A TOTAL ( #a11 H\RS40 7,RADIO ,PROGRESSO1 ,APRIL #b#i1 #a#i#f#g7 ,ACCORD+ TO ,GRANMA1 ,M>* #b#b1 #a#i#f#g1 0! VOLUNTE] CANE CUTT]S ( ! ,SILVIA ,TABOADA ,BRIGADE1 COMPOS$ ( MEMB]S ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,>M$ ,=CES ( ,HAVANA1 WORK$ #bh CONSECUTIVE H\RS CUTT+ CANE 9 ,HAVANA ,PROV9CE40 ,9 ! SAME ISSUE1 ,GRANMA PUBLI%$ AN >TICLE AB\T ANO!R BRIGADE BY ,B]TA ,CABR]A1 :I* SAID 9 P>T1 0,TODAY IS ,SUNDAY1 BUT IT IS DIFF]5T FROM O!R ,SUNDAYS4 ,!RE IS NO TIME = PASEOS .DO ,SANTA ,BRIGADE4 ',H[ MANY H\RS DO Y\ WORK8' WE ASK$4 ',!RE'S NO LIMIT' REPLIES ONE ( ! CANE-CUTT]S1 'AS LONG AS ONE CAN HOLD \T4 4 4!RE >E A FEW :O >E ILL4' ,JULIO ,ROBA9A1 ANO!R CANE-CUTT]1 SAYS1 'H[ MANY H\RS DO WE WORK8 ,NO ONE KN[S4 ,WE />T BE=E SIX A4M4 & WE NEV] KN[ :5 WE WILL F9I% 4 4 ,SOMETIMES1 AT EI* #a#f1 #a#i#f#g71 0,! WORK]S ( ! ,SAK5( ,FACTORY 9 ,SANTA ,CL>A1 ,LAS ,VILLAS ,PROV9CE1 #ei M5 & #ce WOM5 EXCE$$ ! GOAL SET = PRODUCTION ( BAGS & CONTA9]S = F]TILIZ]4 ,MANY WORK]S REMA9$ ON ! JOB = #b CONSECUTIVE H\RS 444 )\T GETT+ EXTRA PAY40 .<,NOTES BY ,SAM ,DOLG(F.> ,BAPTIZ+ ,DICTATOR%IP3 0,DIRECT ,DEMOCRACY0 ,A REVOLUTION>Y M9ORITY SEEK+ TO GOV]N )\T ! EXPLICIT 5DORSEM5T ( ! PEOPLE OR ! CONFID5CE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS :OSE MILITANTS F\NATION ( ! POPUL> WILL4 ,TO /AY 9 P[] ,CA/RO DESP]ATELY S\Y MASSES4 ,HE ADOPT$ ! CLASSICAL TE*NIQUES US$ BY ALL TOTALIT>IANS FROM ,CES> TO ,FRANCO1 9CLUD+ ! MANUFACTURE ( MASS SUPPORT BY /AG+ DELIRI\S MASSIVE DEMON/RATIONS SPURR$ ON BY HIS FANATICAL FOLL[]S4 ,! MAN DE/9$ TO BAPTIZE ,CA/RO'S DICTATOR%IP WAS ! EXI/5TIALI/ PHILOSOPH]1 ,JEAN ,PAUL ,S>TRE4 ,ON ONE ( HIS 0IMP>TIAL0 FACT F9D+ VISITS AT ! 9VITATION ( ! 0,REVOLUTION>Y ,GOV]NM5T10 ,S>TRE1 9SPIR$ BY HIS RECEPTION1 /RUCK JU/ ! RITRE EXPLA9$3 0444 ! REVOLUTION>Y RUL]S CONV]SE DIRECTLY ) ! PEOPLE1 ?US E/ABLI%+ A DIRECT & P]MAN5T BOND BETWE5 ! WILL ( ! GREAT MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE & ! GOV]NM5T M9ORITY 4440 ,IT IS A FACT1 WELL-KN[N 9 ,CUBA1 ?AT BY ! MIDDLE ( #a#i#e#i--ONLY SIX MON?S AFT] ! REVOLUTION BEGAN--MORE & MORE PEOPLE W]E BEG9N+ TO REALIZE !Y HAD GOTT5 RID ( ONE BLOODY DICTATOR%IP ONLY TO FALL 9TO ANO!R BRUTAL DICTATOR%IP4 ,! HONEYMOON BETWE5 ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE & ! 0REVOLUTION0 PROCLAIM$ BY ,CA/RO WAS OV]4 ,& ! RUL]S1 TO HIDE ?IS FACT1 BEGAN TO IMITATE ! SAME PROC$URES PREVAIL+ 9 ! O!R TOTALIT>IAN REGIMES4 ,TO 9SURE AN AUDI5CE ( HALF A MILLION PEOPLE1 ?AT HE C\LD NOT O!RWISE GET1 ,CA/RO RESORTS TO ! FOLL[+ DRACONIC ME?ODS3 SUSP5D ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ?R\<\T ,CUBA4 CLOSE ALL PUBLIC 5T]TA9M5T2 MOVIES1 !AT]S1 CAFES1 ET CET]A4 COMM& ALL RADIO & TELEVISION /ATIONS TO SUSP5D ALL REGUL> PROGRAMS1 & BROADCA/ ONLY PUBLICITY = ! MEET+4 SUSP5D ALL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION LEAV+ ! CITY = PLACES \TSIDE ( ,HAVANA4 ALL AVAILABLE TRANSPORT MOBILIZ$ TO BR+ PEOPLE TO ! RALLY4 ORD] ALL EMPLOYES1 WORK]S1 PEASANTS1 UNIV]SITY PR(ESSORS & /UD5TS TO REPORT TO A DESIGNAT$ (FICIAL :O WILL ASSIGN EA* ONE TO ! RALLY+ PO9T FROM :I* !Y WILL PROCE$ TO ! MEET+4 #c DAYS BE=E ! MEET+ ALL PROPAG&A ORGANS MU/1 #bd H\RS A DAY1 URGE ! PEOPLE TO ATT5D ! MEET+4 ,& ,CA/RO BOA/S3 0,! PEOPLE1 ! REAL REVOLUTION>Y PEOPLE1 >E H]E ) US1 HELP+ BY !IR SPONTANE\S PRES5CE & DET]M9ATION TO FIY GOV]NM5T2 ?IS IS G5U9E1 REAL DEMOCRACY1 A DIRECT & P]MAN5T1 CONCRETE DEMOCRACY44406 ,! ,MILIT>IZATION ( ,CUBA ,! ,CUBAN PEOPLE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 ALL]GIC TO UNI=MS4 ,AT EV]Y OPPORTUNITY1 !Y HAVE P]SI/5TLY VIOLAT$ RULES ( DRESS PRESCRIB$ BY EMPLOY]S ( C]TA9 5T]PRISES4 ,= YE>S BUS DRIV]S F\+ ( UNI=MS DUR+ WORK+ H\RS4 ,9 O!R 9DU/RIES1 EMPLOYES REFUS$ TO WE> WORK CLO!S IF ! G>M5TS ADV]TIS$ ! COMPANY OR ITS PRODUCTS4 ,! AV]AGE ,CUBAN CONSID]$ ! WE>+ ( UNI=MS DEGRAD+4 ,ONE ( ! /RONGE/ REASONS = ! POPUL> OPPOSITION TO ,BATI/A'S REGIME WAS ! 9/9CTIVE AV]SION ( ,CUBANS TO ITS OV]WE5+ MILIT>ISM & ITS VULG> DISPLAY ( M>TIAL F9]Y & POMP4 ,) ! TRIUMPH ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! MASSES EXPECT$ A RETURN TO CIVILIAN RULE1 & ! DISMANTL+ ( ! MILIT>Y APP>ATUS4 ,IT SEEM$ AT FIR/ ?AT ?IS WAS BE+ DONE4 ,! REBEL TROOPS1 9 PLA9 UNOBTRUSIVE OLIVE-GRE5 UNI=MS1 NUMB]$ LESS ?AN #b11 :ILE ,BATI/A'S TROOPS HAD EXCE$$ #d14 ,9 HIS FAM\S SPEE* DELIV]$ ON ! TRIUMPHAL >RIVAL 9 ,HAVANA1 ,CA/RO PL$G$ AN 5D TO MILIT>ISM3 0,>MS8 ,:AT =8 44 ,! MILIT>Y B>RACKS WILL BE CONV]T$ 9TO S*OOLS40 ,CA/RO'S ACTS BELI$ HIS WORDS4 ,A FEW WEEKS LAT]1 ! ,CUBAN CAPITAL WAS SWAMP$ ) ?\S&S ( Y\NG SOLDI]S HA/ILY MOBILIZ$ 9TO ! NEW MILIT>Y & POLICE =CES BY ! 0REVOLUTION>Y0 GOV]NM5T4 ,ALMO/ ALL IMPORTANT PO/S 9 ! NEW GOV]NM5T W]E FILL$ BY (FIC]S ( ! ,REBEL ,>MY4 ,MANY PROV9CIAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES ( LABOR UNIONS & 9DU/RY-WIDE F$]ATIONS W]E MILIT>IZ$1 & COMMITTEE PEOPLE O/5TATI\SLY DISPLAY$ !IR UNI=MS & 9SIGNIA ( RANK4 ,ALL GOV]NM5T DELEGATES ( EXPROPRIAT$ L&$ E/ATES & FACTORIES W]E MEMB]S ( ! ,REBEL ,>MY4 ,:5 ,FIDEL ,CA/RO APPO9T$ HIMSELF ,*IEF ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,GOV]NM5T1 70MAXIMUM LEAD]07 HE GRADUALLY ELIM9AT$ NE>LY ALL CIVILIAN M9I/]S1 REPLAC+ !M ) HI<-RANK+ (FIC]S ( HIS >MY1 MA9LY ! ,COMM&ANTES DE LA ,SI]RA4 ,ALL KEY GOV]NM5T PO/S W]E FILL$ BY MILIT>Y PEOPLE LOYAL TO ,CA/RO4 ,CA/RO HIMSELF 9T]TW9$ HIS POLITICAL & MILIT>Y FUNCTIONS SO ?AT IT WAS ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE TO DIFF]5TIATE ONE FROM ! O!R4 ,POPUL> REACTION AGA9/ ! NEW MILIT>ISM MADE ITSELF FELT V]Y QUICKLY ?R\< PRACTICAL JOKES1 S>CA/IC C>TOONS1 ETC41 EXPOS+ ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 :AT ,CA/RO HAD SAID :ILE FIY >ROGANCE ( ! NEW GOV]NM5T4 ,CA/RO'S SECOND-9-COMM& ,COMM&ANTE ,CAMILLO ,CI5FUEGOS1 9 DEF5SE ( HIS *IEF1 APPEAL$ TO ! FAM\S SLOGAN 0! PEOPLE 9 >MS40 ,! SLOGAN WAS WIDELY CIRCULAT$ 9 A VA9 ATTEMPT TO JU/IFY ! HAT$ MILIT>ISM ( ! NEW REGIME4 ,CA/RO1 :O HAD PROMIS$ TO CONV]T B>RACKS 9TO S*OOLS1 WAS ACTUALLY CONV]T+ ,CUBA ITSELF 9TO ONE VA/ MILIT>Y CAMP4 ,! PACE ( MILIT>IZATION1 :I* AT FIR/ WAS JU/IFI$ ON ! PRETEXT ?AT ! GOV]NM5T MU/ BE RUL$ BY 0TE/$ REVOLUTION>IES10 SU* AS ! VET]AN 0COMBATANTS ( ! ,SI]RAS10 WAS ACCEL]AT$ BY ! ?REAT ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y 9VASION FROM ! ,U4,S4 ,?IS ?REAT1 ?\< REAL 5\<1 WAS NEV]!LESS EXAGG]AT$ BEYOND ALL POSSIBLE LIMITS4 ,IT S]V$ NO USEFUL MILIT>Y PURPOSES BUT IT DID EXP$ITE DOME/IC TOTALIT>IAN REGIM5TATION4 ,! 0REVOLUTION>Y0 GOV]NM5T MILIT>IZ$ ! LIVES ( M51 WOM51 ADOLESC5TS1 & EV5 *ILDR54 ,! REGIME CREAT$ ! ,NATIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILITIAS1 ! ,ASSOCIATION ( ,PIONE] ,REBELS1 ! ,M>IANA ,GRAJALES ,WOM5'S ,BATTALIONS1 ! ,CONRADO ,B5ITEZ ,BRIGADES1 ETC41 ETC4--ALL ( !M DECK$ \T 9 COLORFUL UNI=MS1 SIMIL> 9 DESIGN TO ?OSE WORN 9 ! 0SOCIALI/0 NATIONS4 ,! UNI=M CRAZE WAS SO GREAT ?AT ! !N-*IEF (FICIALS ( ! ,C4,T4,C4 ORD]$ ALL UNION (FICIALS TO WE> UNI=MS4 ,DAY & NI*+ MILIT>Y TRA9EES1 TO ! 9CESSANT YELLS ( DRILL-MA/]S3 ,O,N,E1 ,T,W,O6 ,O,N,E1 ,T,W,O6 ,O,N,E1 ,T,W,O6 ,! AN>*I/S WAT*$ ! MILIT>Y POLICIES ( ! GOV]NM5T ) GR[+ APPREH5SION4 ,WE UND]/OOD P]FECTLY ! DANG]S ?REAT5+ ! ,REVOLUTION1 BUT WE C\LD NOT P]MIT \RSELVES TO BE FOOL$ BY ! BOMBA/IC PHRASEOLOGY ( ! NEW RUL]S4 ,WE >E ALSO CONV9C$ ?AT TO TRA9 REVOLUTION>Y =CES IT IS NOT NECESS>Y TO RESORT TO H>% DISCIPL9>Y MEASURES4 ,9 \R ,DECL>ATION ( ,PR9CIPLES 7,HAVANA1 ,JUNE #a#i#f7 WE /AT$ ?AT1 0,WE >E UNALT]ABLY OPPOS$ TO ! MILIT>IZATION ( ! Y\NG1 ! CREATION ( PR(ESSIONAL >MIES & MILIT>Y GR\PS = ADOLESC5TS & *ILDR54 ,FEW] SOLDI]S & MORE TEA*]S2 FEW] >MS & MORE PL[S2 FEW] CANNONS & MORE BREAD = ALL40 ,\R ANTI-MILIT>I/ DECL>ATION WAS D5\NC$ AS 0C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y1 REACTION>Y1 & AN 9SULT TO ! 0GLORY ( ! ,R$ ,>MY40 ,! ,SECRET>Y-,G5]AL ( ! ,P4,S4,P4 7,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY71 ,BLAS ,ROCA1 ACCUS$ US ( SABOTAG+ ! 0DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION40 ,9 A LETT] TO ,BLAS ,ROCA1 WE REFUT$ HIS BASE ACCUSATIONS & SL&]3 4 4 4 LIB]T>IANS MA9TA9 ?AT ! ,REBEL ,>MY MU/ NOT BE CONV]T$ 9TO A PR(ESSIONAL >MY1 ?AT ! MILITIAS %\LD NOT BECOME 9/RUM5TS = BRA9WA%+1 CREAT+ A MILIT>I/IC M5TALITY 9 ! WORK]S & PEASANTS1 & ?AT IT IS NEI!R NECESS>Y NOR DESIRABLE ?AT Y\? PATROLS & WORK BRIGADES %\LD TRANS=M *ILDR5 & ADOLESC5TS 9TO SOLDI]S4 ,! ,SECRET>Y-,G5]AL ( ! ,P4,S4,P4 ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY CONF\NDS M]E TE*NICAL 9=MATION ON ! USE ( >MS & M]E TRA9+ 9 /RATEGY ) ! PR(ESSIONAL MILIT>IZATION ( ! Y\NG3 HE CONFUSES Y\? PATROLS & REVOLUTION>Y 0VOLUNT>Y0 WORK BRIGADES ) ! MILIT>Y 9DOCTR9ATION ( WOM5 & *ILDR54 4 4 ,BLAS ,ROCA'S AU?ORIT>IAN M5TALITY VIOL5TLY REJECTS ! IDEAS ?AT A REVOLUTION>Y >MY CAN POSSIBLY FUNCTION )\T COMM&]S & B>RACK DISCIPL9E2 ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION CAN BE SUCCESSFULLY DEF5D$ BY SOLDI]S :O >E NOT PR(ESSIONAL MILIT>I/S2 BY SOLDI]S :O FIE MOTIVAT$ BY !IR REVOLUTION>Y CONVICTIONS2 AN >MY )\T BEM$AL$ G5]ALS & M>%ALS4 ,:5 ,BLAS ,ROCA HE>S ! EXPRESSION 0>MY10 HE AUTOMATICALLY 5VISIONS ! GIGANTIC P>ADES 9 ,MOSC['S ,R$ ,SQU>E1 9 BRILLIANT UNI=MS ADORN$ ) GOLD EPAULETS1 GILD$ HELMETS4 V>NI%$ *9 /RAPS & %9Y SPURS4444 ,NATURALLY1 AS 9 ALL TOTALIT>IAN REGIMES1 \R REPLY WAS NOT PUBLI%$4 ,! C5SOR$ PRESS & GOV]NM5TAL CONTROL ( ALL COMM]CIAL PR9T]S PREV5T$ ! LIB]T>IAN VOICE FROM BE+ HE>D4 ,! REGIME CONT9UES ITS BREAKNECK MILIT>IZATION ( ,CUBA4 ,9 ! FIR/ MON?S ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! MILIT>Y =CES NUMB]$ HALF A MILLION4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE VOLUNT>ILY AGRE$ TO S]VE ! ,CA/RO DICTATOR%IP4 ,AT LEA/ #h.0 ( ?OSE 9 ! >MY W]E =C$ TO JO9 BY ?REATS RANG+ FROM \TRIY S]VICE = ALL M5 BETWE5 ! AGES ( #ag & #d#e1 HE ACCURATELY DETECT$ ! DRIFT T[>D CONSCRIPTION4.> ,REGIM5T+ ,$UCATION ,9 CONTRA/ TO ! OBSCURANTISM IMPOS$ BY ,SPA9 DUR+ C5TURIES ( DESPOTISM1 ,CUBA'S PUBLIC $UCATION SY/EM .S ( ! ,REPUBLIC.> PROVID$ = EV]Y *ILD--) EXEMPL>Y VIGOR & D$ICATION--AN AMPLE1 WELL-R\ND$1 PROGRESSIVE $UCATION1 FREE FROM ALL POLITICAL & RELIGI\S DOM9ATION4 ,TO PROVIDE #c1 *ILDR5 ) FREE QUALITY $UCATION--9CLUD+ FOOD & CLO?+ = POOR *ILDR5--9 A C\NTRY :I*1 AT ?AT TIME1 NUMB]$ ONLY #a1#e1 PEOPLE1 WAS 9DE$ A /UP5D\S A*IEVEM5T4 ,DUR+ ! ,MA*ADO DICTATOR%IP .<#a#i#b#e-#c#c.> BO? ! QUALITY & AVAILABILITY ( PUBLIC $UCATION DECL9$4 ,?IS WAS DUE TO ! DEP5D5CE ( JOBS ON POLITICAL CONNECTIONS1 ! POORLY TRA9$ TEA*]S1 CR[D$1 UNHEAL?Y S*OOL BUILD+S1 ! SC>CITY ( $UCATIONAL EQUIPM5T1 & ! LOCATION ( S*OOL BUILD+S F> FROM POOR NEIO*IAL S*OOLS--,MASONIC1 ,CA?OLIC1 ,JEWI%1 ,PROTE/ANT1 ETC4 ,CA/RO'S MU* VAUNT$ ANTI-ILLIT]ACY CAMPAIGN WAS US$ TO GLORIFY HIS REGIME & TO 9DOCTR9ATE *ILDR51 TE5AG]S & ADULTS ) ADORATION ( ! /ATE & ! 0CULT ( P]SONALITY0 A LA ,/AL94 ,! SY/EM WAS DESIGNAT$ TO MILIT>IZE ! M5TALITY ( *ILDR54 ,= EXAMPLE1 9 TEA*+ ! ALPHABET1 ! LETT] 0,F0 WAS 9TRODUC$ ) 0EL ,FUSIL 7! GUN7 DE ,FIDEL ,FUE 7WAS7 A LA ,SI]RA40 ,! LETT] 0,R0 WAS TREAT$ ?US3 0,RAUL EL F>O0 7,RAUL ,CA/RO1 BEACON1 BE>] ( LIA V]Y MU*.>4 ,SIMIL> TE*NIQUES HAVE BE5 US$ 9 TEA*+ O!R SUBJECTS4 ,?US1 9 GEOGRAPHY1 PHOTOGRAPHS ( ,CA/RO & HIS COMPANIONS W]E PLAC$ ON MAPS TO 9DICATE ! ,SI]RA ,MAE/RA4 ,HI/ORY WAS1 & IS1 TAUXI/ PO9T ( VIEW4 ,BE=E ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! 0,REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T10 ,CUBAN P>5TS HAD SOME?+ TO SAY AB\T ! K9D ( $UCATION !IR *ILDR5 GOT4 ,N[ !Y MU/ ACCEPT ! CURRICULUM IMPOS$ BY ! /ATE )\T PROTE/4 ,ANYONE V5TUR+ EV5 ! SLIY AG5T ( IMP]IALISM0 & TREAT$ ACCORD+LY4 ,TEA*]S >E OBLIG$ TO FAI?FULLY FOLL[ ! (FICIAL CURRICULUM1 ME?ODS1 & POLICIES METICUL\SLY WORK$ \T BY ! 0ORI5TATORS10 :OSE 9DOCTR9ATION SESSIONS !Y MU/ ATT5D4 ,TO FUR!R 9SURE 5=CEM5T ( ! RULES1 EV]Y $UCATIONAL C5T] IS UND] ! CON/ANT SURVEILLANCE ( ! ,COMMITTEE = ! ,DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 :I* 9 ?IS CASE S]VES AS A SORT ( ACADEMIC POLICE1 MADE UP ( TEA*] & /UD5T /OOL-PIGEONS1 ,:O FAI?FULLY OBEY ! ORD]S ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! TE*NICAL S*OOLS1 ! SECOND>Y S*OOLS1 TRADE & PR(ESSIONAL S*OOLS1 & ! UNIV]SITIES >E SUBJECT$ TO ! SAME PROC$URES4 ,AUTONOMY ( ! UNIV]SITY--WON AFT] YE>S ( /RUGGLE & IMM5SE SACRIFICE1 & ( :I* ,CUBAN /UD5TS W]E JU/LY PR\D--HAS BE5 TOTALLY DE/ROY$4 ,! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,HAVANA IS RUL$ BY ! >BITR>ILY IMPOS$ ,JUNTA DE ,GOBI]NO .<,ADM9I/RATIVE ,C\NCIL.>1 :OSE MEMB]%IP CAN BE REVOK$ EA* YE> 9 ORD] TO GU>ANTEE ! 0REVOLUTION>Y FIDELITY ( ! FACULTY40 ,! FAKE 0UNIV]SITY RE=M0 WAS PUT 9TO EFFECT BY 9TIMIDATION & VIOL5CE4 ,! OLD ,/AL9I/ & ,BATI/IANO SYCOPHANTS1 ,JUAN ,M>9ELLO & ,C>LOS ,RAFAEL ,RODRIGUEZ1 FILL ! MO/ IMPORTANT PO/S 9 ! ,UNIV]SITY ) !IR H&-PICK$ APPO9TEES4 ,! ,F$]ACION ,E/UDANTIL ,UNIV]SIT>IA .<,F4,E4,U4--,F$]ATION ( ,UNIV]SITY ,/UD5TS.> ?AT F\M$ ,=CES1 ,RAUL ,CA/RO DICTATES :O %ALL BE ! PRESID5T ( ! /UD5T ORGANIZATION--9 FLAGRANT VIOLATION ( ALL ! RULES & REGULATIONS ( ! ,F4,E4,U4 .<,= DETAILS SEE 0,H[ ! ,COMMUNI/S ,TOOK ,OV] ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,HAVANA10 BEL[4.> ,AN EMPHASIS ON ! MON/R\S 9T]V5TION ( ! /ATE 9 ALL ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES MAY APPE> EXAGG]AT$ TO READ]S NOT ACQUA9T$ ) ! BITT] REALITY ( ! ,CUBAN TRAG$Y2 BUT IT IS A TRULY S]I\S SITUATION4 ,IT IS MO/ DI/RESS+ = A MAN LIKE MYSELF1 NE>LY #e YE>S ( AGE1 TO BE L$ >\ND BY A BOY ( #a#b1 UNI=M$ & %\LD]+ A SMALL SIZE RIFLE ( ,CZE*OSLOVAKIAN MAKE4 ,IT IS %OCK+ TO SEE BOYS B>ELY #ae YE>S ( AGE /&+ GU>D1 GUNS 9 H&1 9 FRONT ( PUBLIC BUILD+S4 ,IT IS DISGRACEFUL TO CONTEMPLATE TE5AG]S P>AD+ ?R\< /REETS & ALONG HI*+ 9 /EP & S++ M>TIAL HYMNS FULL ( HATE & V5OM444 ,! ,PROPAG&A ,MA*9E ,! FOLL[+ WAS 9CLUD$ 9 ! ,REPORT ( ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,ASSOCIATION ( ,CUBA 7,A4,L4,C47 = ,SEPTEMB] #a#b1 #a#i#f3 ,AT PRES5T1 ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY PEOPLE HOLD KEY PO/S 9 ! GOV]NM5T PROPAG&A MA*9E1 :I* !Y RUN ) ! TE*NICAL HELP ( NATIVE & =EIGN-BORN ,COMMUNI/ EXP]TS4 ,?R\< ! 0CULTURAL0 DEP>TM5TS CREAT$ 9 EV]Y GOV]NM5T M9I/RY1 9 ! >M$ =CES1 ETC41 !Y ORGANIZE C\RSES 9 SO-CALL$ 0REVOLUTION>Y DOCTR9E10 :I* >E ACTUALLY ,M>XI/ 9DOCTR9ATION C\RSES4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! 0CULTURAL0 *IEF ( ! MILIT>Y CAMP ( ,LA ,CABANA . IS ,RAMON ,NICALAU1 :O = YE>S WAS F9ANCIAL SECRET>Y ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,AMONG ! LECTUR]S ) HIM ON ?IS PROJECT >E ,JUAN ,M>9ELLO1 ,PRESID5T ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 & ,C>LOS ,RAFAEL ,RODRIGUEZ1 ,$ITOR ( ! ,COMMUNI/ NEWSPAP] ,HOY .<,TODAY.>1 ORGAN ( ! ,P>TY4 .TY BY ! ,CA/RO GOV]NM5T AFT] CONFISCATION FROM ! ,BATI/A NEWSPAP] ,AL]TA.> ,! ,C9EMATIC ,9/ITUTE IS ! /ATI/ AG5CY DIRECT+ & CONTROLL+ ! MOVIE 9DU/RY4 ,IT IS MANAG$ BY ,DR4 ,ALFR$O ,GUEV>A1 ANO!R ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY MEMB]4 ,?R\< ! ,FILM ,REVIEW ,BO>D1 HE DECIDES :AT FILMS >E ACCEPTABLE = EXHIBITION 9 ! C\NTRY4 ,! ,PEOPLE'S ,CONSULTATION ,LIBR>Y ( ! ,NATIONAL ,CAPITAL IS ANO!R AG5CY :I* SPREADS ONLY ,CA/RO ,COMMUNI/ PROPAG&A4 ,ALL !SE PROJECTS >E F9ANC$ BY ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! ORGANIZATION ( ,Y\? ,PATROLS HAS BE5 UND]TAK5 BY ! NATIONAL POLICE4 ,IT RECRUITS *ILDR5 FROM ! AGE ( #g YE>S4 ,!Y RECEIVE MILIT>Y TRA9+ UND] ! GUISE ( 0REVOLUTION>Y 9DOCTR9ATION40 ,(FICIAL ,DECL>ATION ( ,$UCATIONAL ,POLICIES 4 4 4WE MU/ ORI5TATE $UCATION ACCORD+ TO ,M>XISM-,L59ISM4 ,M>X'S ,C,A,P,I,T,A,L MU/ %\LD BE /UDI$ 9 ALL PRIM>Y GRADES4 4 4 ! TEA*+S ( ,M>XISM-,L59ISM 9 ! UNIV]SITIES IS OBLIGATORY4 4 4 7,>M&O ,H>T2 ,M9I/] ( ,$UCATION1 ,JULY #a#a1 #a#i#f#c7 444 ,! ,UNION ( ,Y\NG ,COMMUNI/S & ! ,F$]ATION ( ,UNIV]SITY ,/UD5TS MU/ SEE TO IT ?AT ! CURRICULUM FOLL[S ! ORI5TATION ( ,FIDEL ,CA/RO4447,EX-,PRESID5T ( ! ,F$]ATION ( ,UNIV]SITY ,/UD5TS1 ,JAIME ,CROMBAT1 SPEE* 9 ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,HAVANA1 ,MAY #b#f1 #a#i#f#e7 444 ! CREATION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY CELLS WILL FACILITATE ! CAMPAIGN ( ! ,UNIV]SITY TO ELIM9ATE C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S & HOMOSEXUALS 444 7,BLAS ,ROCA1 MEMB] ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,CUBA1 SPEE* 9 ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,HAVANA1 ,JUNE #a#d1 #aife -- ,S\RCE = ALL ABOVE QUOTES -- ,E/E Y ,OE/E2 ,JUNE #a#e1 #a#i#f#f1 ,C>ACAS7 ,H[ ! ,COMMUNI/S ,TOOK ,OV] ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,HAVANA BY ,&RES ,VALDESP9O ,?IS IS ! TITLE ( A REVEAL+ FIR/ H& REPORT BY ,&RES ,VALDESP9O :I* APPE>$ 9 ! ,APRIL #a1 #aifb ISSUE ( ,CUBA ,NUEVA1 P>T ( :I* WE TRANSLATE BEL[4 ,VALDESP9O WAS AN ACTIVE FIY ( ,F9ANCE1 & LAT]1 ,PR(ESSOR ( ,CRIM9AL ,LAW 9 ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,HAVANA4 ,HE RESIGN$ FROM ! FACULTY 9 PROTE/ ( ! DE/RUCTION ( ! ,UNIV]SITY AS AN 9DEP5D5T C5T] ( LE>N+1 & AGA9/ ! REGIME'S DISRESPECT = HUMAN RI ,AUTONOMY & ,TOTALIT>IANISM ,AN AUTONOM\S UNIV]SITY NOT SUBJECT$ TO ! POLITICAL 9T]E/S ( ! /ATE1 IS NECESS>ILY 9COMPATIBLE ) ! CONCEPTION ( A TOTALIT>IAN SOCIETY--A SOCIETY 9 :I* NO?+ IS ALL[$ TO EXI/ \TSIDE ! CONTROL & DOM9ATION ( ! /ATE4 4 4AUTONOMY ( $UCATION IS A G5U9E REVOLUTION>Y CONQUE/1 & NO REVOLUTION WOR?Y ( ! NAME HAS ! RITA ( ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,9 ITS PLANS = ! CONQUE/ ( ! ,UNIV]SITY1 & 9 ORD] NOT TO >\SE /RONG MASS RESI/ANCE & /UD5T REVOLT1 ! ,CA/RO-COMMUNI/ REGIME DECID$ TO PROCE$ GRADUALLY1 9 ?REE /AGES3 FIR/1 BY TAK+ ADM9I/RATIVE CONTROL ( ! /UD5T ORGANIZATION2 SECOND1 BY MILIT>IZ+ ! ,UNIV]SITY2 & ?IRD1 BY REPLAC+ ! LEGITIMATE GOV]N+ BODIES ( ! ,UNIV]SITY ) /ATE CONTROLL$ BODIES4 ,CONTROL ( ,/UD5T ,ADM9I/RATION ,TO C>RY \T ! FIR/ /AGE1 IT WAS NECESS>Y TO F9D A SUITABLE PUPPET AS C&IDATE = ,PRESID5T ( ! ,F$]ATION ( ,UNIV]SITY ,/UD5TS 7,F4,E4,U474 444 ,! C&IDATE SELECT$1 ,ROL&O ,CUBELA1 WAS A ,COMM&ANTE ( ! ,REBEL ,>MY :O 5JOY$ ! ABSOLUTE CONFID5CE ( ! ,COMM&]-9-,*IEF ( ! ,>M$ ,=CES1 ,RAUL ,CA/RO4 .<,CUBELA HAD HE5 AN E>LY LEAD] ( ! ,/UD5T ,REVOLUTION>Y ,DIRECTORATE & F\Y POLICE 9 ! BUSIE/ 9T]SECTION ( ,HAVANA4.> ,CUBELA'S OPPON5T1 ,P$RO ,BOITEL1 WAS V]Y POPUL> ) -- & FAVOR$ BY -- ! /UD5TS1 :O FE>$ AN 9/ALLATION ( AN >MY (FIC] AS ,PRESID5T ( ! ,F4,E4,U4 W\LD LEAD TO ! MILIT>IZATION ( !IR ORGANIZATION4 ,! AU?ORITIES C\LD NOT RISK ! DEFEAT ( !IR C&IDATE4 ,ON ! DAY BE=E ! ,F4,E4,U4 ELECTIONS1 ,CA/RO HIMSELF CAME TO ! ,UNIV]SITY & ADDRESS$ ! /UD5TS4 ,SO AS NO TO ANTAGONIZE !M1 HE FEIGN$ IMP>TIALITY & DID NOT DIRECTLY URGE !M TO VOTE = ,CUBELA1 BUT SUBTLY PREP>$ ! GR\ND = ! VICTORY ( HIS C&IDATE BY URG+ REVISION ( ! OLD ELECTORAL SY/EM3 0,DO AWAY ) P>TY FACTIONAL RIVALRIES & AGREE ON ! UNANIM\S PROCLAMATION ( A S+LE C&IDATE40 ,BUT ?IS TIME ! 0,MAXIMUM ,LEAD]0 5C\NT]$ OP5 OPPOSITION4 ,! /UD5TS1 TRUE TO !IR TRADITIONS ( DEMOCRATIC PROC$URES & ACADEMIC 9DEP5D5CE1 REJECT$ ,CA/RO'S PROPOSAL4 ,! DECISION ( ! /UD5TS WAS 0,!,R,E ,W,I,L,L ,B,E ,E,L,E,C,T,I,O,N,S40 ,BUT A FEW H\RS BE=E ! VOT+ WAS TO TAKE PLACE1 ,BOITEL SUDD5LY )DREW HIS C&IDACY4 ,! REASON WAS NOT H>D TO F9D4 ,HE WAS =C$ TO /EP ASIDE4 ,! CONFUSION CREAT$ BY HIS )DRAWAL & ABOVE ALL1 ! FACT ?AT ,CUBELA WAS ! ONLY C&IDATE1 AUTOMATICALLY GU>ANTE$ HIS ELECTION4 ,) ,CUBELA AS ,PRESID5T1 ! CAPTURE ( ! ,F,E,U SEEM$ C]TA94 .<,SOME MON?S LAT]1 ,BOITEL1 FALSELY S5T5C$ TO #db YE>S IMPRISONM5T AS A 0C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/0 9 ! DREAD$ ,CA/ILLO DE ,PR9CIPIO ,P5IT5TI>Y1 DI$ AFT] A PROLONG$ HUNG] /RIKE4 ,CA/RO ALSO GOT RID ( ,ROL&O ,CUBELA SOME TIME LAT]4 ,ON ,M>* #a1 #a#i#f#f1 HE WAS S5T5C$ TO #be YE>S 9 PRISON = PLOTT+ ! ASSASS9ATION ( ,CA/RO.> ,MILIT>IZ+ ! ,UNIV]SITIES ,! 0ELECTION0 ( ,CUBELA WAS FOLL[$ BY ! CREATION ( ! ,UNIV]SITY ,/UD5T ,MILITIAS4 ,! GOV]NM5T MOBILIZ$ ITS PROPAG&A APP>ATUS TO CONV9CE ! /UD5TS ?AT IT WAS !IR 0H]OIC MISSION0 TO WE> ! 0UNI=M ( A MILITIA MEMB]40 ,BUT ! /UD5TS W]E NOT EASILY FOOL$4 ,\T ( MORE ?AN #b1 /UD5TS1 ONLY #c VOLUNT>ILY JO9$ ! NEWLY ORGANIZ$ ,UNIV]SITY ,/UD5T ,MILITIA4 ,BUT1 :AT WAS LACK+ 9 NUMB]S WAS MADE UP = BY MILIT>Y FANF>E4 ,DAY & NIRY+ PI/OLS1 RIFLES & MA*9E GUNS4 ,! /5TORIAN %\TS ( ! (FIC]S E*O$ ) PROVOCATIVE 9SOL5CE ALL OV] ! CAMPUS1 DESECRAT+ ! ACADEMIC COMMUNITY D$ICAT$ TO ! PURSUIT ( KN[L$GE & ! PRES]VATION ( CULTURE4 ,! MILIT>Y BOOT RETURN$ TO PR(ANE ! T]RA9 ( CULTURE4 ,BUT ?IS TIME1 MORE ?AN BE=E1 NOT ONLY DID ! B>RACK 9VADE ! ,UNIV]SITY ! ,UNIV]SITY ITSELF WAS CONV]T$ 9TO A B>RACK6 ,NEI!R ! FRAUDUL5T ELECTION ( ,CUBELA AS ,PRESID5T ( ! ,F4,E4,U41 NOR ! MILIT>IZATION ( ! ,UNIV]SITY .1 SUFFIC$ TO /EM /UD5T REBELLION4 ,9 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#f1 ! ,RUSSIAN LEAD] ,ANA/AS ,MIKOYAN1 ON HIS VISIT TO ,HAVANA1 PLAC$ A C]EMONIAL WREA? ON ! /ATUE ( ! REV]$ 0APO/LE0 ( ,CUBAN 9DEP5D5CE1 ,JOSE ,M>TI1 9 ,HAVANA'S ,C5TRAL ,P>K .IES.>4 ,\TRAG$ ?AT ! REPRES5TATIVE ( A TYRANNICAL1 TOTALIT>IAN GOV]NM5T %\LD BE 9VIT$ TO 9SULT ! MEMORY ( ,M>TI1 A GR\P ( /UD5TS DRAMATIZ$ !IR 9DIGNATION BY PLAC+ !IR [N WREA? ON ,M>TI'S /ATUE4 .<,!Y C>RI$ SIGNS READ+ 0,VIVA ,FIDEL6 ,D[N ) ,COMMUNISM60.> ,! /UD5TS W]E IMM$IATELY >RE/$ & BR&$ 0C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y AG5TS ( ,YANKEE IMP]IALISM40 .<,AMONG ?OSE >RE/$ W]E ,JUAN ,MULL]1 A LEAD] ( ! FIY ( ! ,HAVANA ,UNIV]SITY ,/UD5T ,F$]ATION4 ,SEE ! FIR/-H& ACC\NT ( ,RUBY ,H>T ,PHILIPS 9 H] BOOK1 ,! ,CUBAN ,DILEMMA2 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#f#b1 P4 #a#e#c.>4 ,! 9CID5T BECAME ! PRETEXT = A F]OCI\S (F5SIVE BY ! ,COMMUNI/ M9ORITY 9 ! ,UNIV]SITY AGA9/ ?OSE :O MANIFE/$ !IR OPPOSITION TO ! ,CA/RO REGIME4 ,! SLOGAN CO9$ BY ! =M] LEAD] ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ,JUAN ,M>9ELLO1 ,RECTOR ( ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,HAVANA1 0,TO BE AGA9/ ,COMMUNI/S IS TO BE A C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y10 BECAME ! BATTLE CRY ( A T9Y GR\P :O PUBLICLY BURN$ /UD5T PUBLICATIONS CRITICAL ( ! ,COMMUNI/S4 ,& IT WAS ! ,COMMUNI/1 ,M>9ELLO1 A ,M9I/] UND] ,BATI/A1 :O DECL>$ ?AT !RE IS NO NE$ = AUTONOMY UND] A 0REVOLUTION>Y REGIME10 :]E ! 0PEOPLE >E ! GOV]NM5T40 ,:5 ,I WAS ,UND]-,SECRET>Y ( ,F9ANCE1 ,I WROTE AN >TICLE REFUT+ ,M>9ELLO'S >GUM5T1 :I* WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ! MAGAZ9E ,BOHEMIA4 ,M>9ELLO REPLI$ 9 ! . (FICIAL ORGAN ( ! ,P>TY1 ,HOY1 ) 9SULTS1 LIBEL+ ME AS A 0C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y 9 ! PAY ( IMP]IALISM10 & 0AN AG5T ( ! REACTION 9FILTRAT+ ! RANKS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T40 ,M>9ELLO'S BLA/ SET ( AN 9T5SIFI$ GOV]NM5T SPONSOR$ CAMPAIGN TO DISCR$IT ! OPPOSITION & CAPTURE ! UNIV]SITY4 ,! ,UNIV]SITY ,/UD5T & ,FACULTY ,C\NCIL F\IAN ,RE=M7 %\LD JO9TLY RULE & DICTATE ! POLICY ( ! UNIV]SITY4 ,?IS PLOT TO CAPTURE ! UNIV]SITY WAS DECISIVELY REJECT$ BY ! /UD5TS & FACULTIES ( ! ?REE UNIV]SITIES4 ,! PRETEXT = ! TAKEOV] ( ! UNIV]SITY CAME :5 A FEW ,CA/ROITE /UD5TS1 )\T CONSULT+ ANYONE1 EXPELL$ TWO 5G9E]+ PR(ESSORS ON ! FALSE1 N[ FAMILI> *>GE ?AT !Y W]E 0C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S40 ,AGA91 )\T CONSULTATION ! EXPELL$ PR(ESSORS W]E REPLAC$ BY TWO NON-TEA*]S2 ,*E ,GUEV]A'S BRO!R-9-LAW & AN ACTIVE COMMUNI/4 ,! PR(ESSORS PROTE/$ ?IS \TRAGE BY GO+ ON /RIKE4 ,! COMMUNI/ DOM9AT$ ,F,E,U 7,F$]ATION ( ,UNIV]SITY ,/UD5TS7 !N OCCUPI$ SEV]AL UNIV]SITY BUILD+S1 & ! GOV]NM5T LEGALIZ$ ! SEIZURE4 ,RECALCITRANT FACULTY & /UD5TS W]E PURG$ & ! FREELY ELECT$ ADM9I/RATION WAS USURP$ BY APPO9T$ 0,REVOLUTION>Y ,JUNTAS0 FAI?FUL S]VANTS ( ! /ATE4 ,! JUNTA ASSUM$ DICTATORIAL P[]S & COMM&$ ALL ! TEA*]S TO OBEY !IR DECREES4 ,MORE ?AN #h.0 ( ! PR(ESSORS :O REFUS$ W]E EXPELL$ & REPLAC$ BY DOCILE SYCOPHANTS1 /RICT FOLL[]S ( ! 0P>TY L9E0 444 ,?IS SPELL$ ! 5D ( ! UNIV]SITY AS AN 9DEP5D5T 5TITY4 ,IT TURN$ \T TO BE ! PRELIM9>Y /EP T[>D ! 9VASION ( ! ,UNIV]SITY BY HORDES ( ,CA/RO-COMMUNI/S4 ,9T]VIEW ,) ,CUBAN ,LIB]T>IANS BY ,ROY ,F9* ,ROY ,F9* RESIGN$ FROM ! $ITORIAL BO>D ( ! LIB]T>IAN-PACIFI/ MAGAZ9E ,LIB]ATION BECAUSE HE DISAGRE$ FUNDAM5TALLY ) ITS PRO-,CA/RO POLICY4 ,:ILE ! $ITORS 9SI/$ ?AT ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION WAS TAK+ A LIB]T>IAN DIRECTION1 ,F9* MA9TA9$1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ?AT ,CUBA WAS FA/ BECOM+ A TOTALIT>IAN /ATE4 ,9 ! 5SU+ DEBATE1 ,F9* SUPPORT$ HIS POSITION BY >RANG+ AN 9T]VIEW ) ,CUBAN AN>*I/ EXILES1 LATELY >RIV+ 9 ,NEW ,YORK4 ,WE EXTRACT ! FOLL[+ EXC]PTS FROM ,LIB]ATION1 ,M>*1 #a#i#f#a4 .<,S4,D4.> 444 ! 9T]VIEW TOOK PLACE 9 ! PRES5T ,NEW ,YORK HOME ( ,JESUS ,DIEGUEZ1 9 ,BATI/A'S DAY1 HEAD ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9SURRECTIONAL ,UNION1 AN OLD-REVOLUTION>Y GR\P :I* WORK$ ) ,CA/RO & ) :I* ,CA/RO WAS ONCE AFFILIAT$4 ,MR4 ,DIEGUEZ IS OBVI\SLY A MAN ( GREAT C\RAGE4 ,HE ?REW HIMSELF :OLE-HE>T$LY 9TO ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,BATI/A AS F> BACK AS #a#i#d4 ,HE %[$ ME NEWSPAP] /ORIES AB\T ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9SURRECTIONAL ,UNION & NEWSPAP] CLIPP+S ) PHOTOGRAPHS ( HIMSELF /&+ BESIDE ,CA/RO 9 ! PRE-REVOLUTION>Y TRA9+ DAYS 9 ,MEXICO4 ,ALL MEMB]S ( ! GR\P ,I MET W]E LIFELONG FOES ( DICTATORS1 & ALL ( !M W]E 9 ! UND]GR\ND FI ?AT !Y W]E 9 SUB/ANTIAL AGREEM5T ) :AT WAS SAID 444 ,Q4 ,:AT IS ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! ,CUBAN ,LIB]T>IANS AB\T ! ,REVOLUTION8 ,A4 ,FROM ! \TSET ! ,LIB]T>IANS SUPPORT$ MANY ( ! ?+S ?AT W]E DONE3 ! EXPROPRIATION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 L& & FACTORIES & TAK+ OV] 9DU/RIES4 ,!Y OPPOS$ ! GOV]NM5T'S BECOM+ ! NEW L&LORD1 ! NEW CAPITALI/4 ,9 ,JUNE1 #a#i#f1 ,A ,/ATEM5T ( ,PR9CIPLES ( ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,SYNDICALI/ ,GR\P WAS ISSU$ .4 ,Q4 ,H[ MANY LIB]T>IANS LEFT ,CUBA8 ,A4 ,BETWE5 #b & #c4 ,Q4 ,W\LD IT HAVE BE5 DANG]\S = Y\ TO /AY 9 ,CUBA8 ,A4 ,WE W\LD PROBABLY BE 9 JAIL BY N[4 ,LABOR ,UNIONS ,Q4 ,:AT IS ! SITUATION 9 ! ,CUBAN LABOR MOVEM5T N[8 ,A4 ,ALL ! NATIONAL & PROV9CIAL UNIONS HAVE BE5 TAK5 OV] BY ! COMMUNI/S4 ,Q4 ,:AT HAPP5$ TO ! LIB]T>IANS 9 ! UNIONS8 ,A4 ,! LIB]T>IANS W]E P>TICUL>LY /RONG 9 ! ,FOOD ,WORK]S UNION4 ,:5 ! COMMUNI/S CAME TO P[]1 !Y EXPELL$ ! LIB]T>IANS NOT ONLY FROM ! LEAD]%IP1 BUT FROM ! UNION ITSELF 444 ! UNION IS #a.0 COMMUNI/ CONTROLL$ N[4 ,Q4 ,:AT HAS BE5 ! PUBLIC REACTION TO ! COMMUNI/S TAK+ OV] ! UNIONS8 ,A4 ,!RE HAS BE5 CONSID]ABLE REACTION ( WORK]S AGA9/ ! ,/AL9I/S & AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T4 ,MANY UNION MEET+S HAVE 5D$ 9 RIOTS4 ,WORK]S HAVE DEMON/RAT$ 9 ! /REETS4 ,?REE M51 ALL ( :OM F\ JAIL T]MS = SIGN+ A DECL>ATION AGA9/ ! COMMUNI/ DOM9ATION ( ! UNIONS4 ,!Y >E ,LAURO ,BLANCO1 A LEAD] ( ! ,TRANSPORT ,WORK]S ,UNION2 ,SALVADOR ,E/AVALORA1 A ,CA/RO MILIT>Y MAN2 & ,M>IO ,PADI]NO1 :O HAD BE5 V]Y ACTIVE 9 ! ANTI-,BATI/A UND]GR\ND4 ,PADI]NO HAD BE5 PICK$ UP & !N TURN$ LOOSE ,!N ! SECRET POLICE RETURN$ & TOOK HIM AWAY4 ,!Y TOLD HIM ?AT HE HAD BE5 S5T5C$ 09 ABS5TIA40 7,MR4 ,DIEGUEZ SAID ?AT HE HAD BE5 PICK$ UP AT ! SAME TIME1 BUT WAS RELEAS$1 APP>5TLY UPON P]SONAL 9T]V5TION ( ,CA/RO HIMSELF1 PROBABLY = 0OLD TIMES SAKE407 ,SECRET ,POLICE ,Q4 ,ON ! QUE/ION ( CIVIL LIB]TIES -- IS !RE A SECRET POLICE N[ 9 ,CUBA8 ,A4 ,NO ONE KN[S4 ,WE BELIEVE ?AT !Y HAVE A ?\S& PEOPLE WORK+ = !M 9 ,HAVANA4 ,!Y HAVE 9=MANTS 9 FACTORIES1 UNIONS & S*OOLS4 ,Q4 ,H[ DOES ! SECRET POLICE FUNCTION8 ,A4 ,! HEAD IS A MAN NAM$ ,RAMIRO ,VALDES1 A ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY MEMB]4 ,!RE >E TWO DIVISIONS UND] HIM3 ,D4,I4,E4,R4 7,>MY ,9TELLIG5CE7 & ,D4,I4,R4 7,CIVIL ,9TELLIG5CE47 ,! ,D4,I4,E4,R4 IS RUN BY ,RAUL ,DIAZ ,>GELLES1 & NAMES ,LAV&I]A1 A ,FR5* COMMUNI/ :O WAS ! RIB5Z 9 ,GUATEMALA4 ,! HEAD ( ! ,D4,I4,R4 IS ,ANGEL ,VALDES -- ALSO A ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY MAN -- NO RELATION TO ,RAMIRO ,VALDES4 ,BUT ! MAN :O REALLY RUNS ! :OLE ?+ IS A ,RUSSIAN AG5T CALL$ ,FABIO ,CROBAT4 ,HE IS ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY'S OV]-ALL CONTROL MAN 9 ,CUBA4 ,HE HAS BE5 9 AN \T ( ,CUBA = ?IRTY YE>S N[4 ,HE IS NEV] M5TION$ 9 ! PRESS4 ,NO ONE EV] SEES A PHOTOGRAPH ( HIM 444 ,Q4 ,:O >E SOME ( ! DEMOCRATIC OPPOSITIONI/S 7ANTI-,BATI/A1 ANTI-COMMUNI/S7 9 ,CA/RO ,CUBA :O HAVE BE5 %OT8 ,A4 ,PL9EO ,ORIETO1 ONE ( ,FIDEL ,CA/RO'S COMM&]S1 WAS %OT4 ,!Y SAID HE WAS ORGANIZ+ AN 9SURRECTION>Y PLOT1 BUT !RE WAS NO PRO(4 ,PORFIRIO ,RAMIREZ1 ,PRESID5T ( ! ,/UD5T ,F$]ATION ( ,SANTA ,CL>A WAS %OT BECAUSE !Y 7SECRET POLICE7 SAID HE WAS ORGANIZ+ AN OPPOSITION4 ,AGA9 !RE WAS NO REAL PRO(4 ,G]>DO ,FUNDORA1 A LABOR LEAD] 9 ,MANTANZAS1 WAS %OT4 ,COMMUNI/S ,Q4 ,Y\ M5TION$ ! COMMUNI/S 9 ! LABOR UNIONS & ! SECRET POLICE4 ,JU/ H[ IMPORTANT >E ! COMMUNI/S OV]-ALL 9 ,CUBA TODAY8 ,A4 ,!Y CONTROL $UCATION1 ! >MY1 ! SECRET POLICE1 ! TRADE UNIONS1 444 ! PRESS & MASS M$IA1 ! AGR>IAN RE=M & ! T\RI/ 9DU/RY444 ,Q4 ,:AT AB\T ,CA/RO HIMSELF8 ,A4 ,FIDEL CAME TO A CO9CID5CE ( 9T]E/S ) ! COMMUNI/S FROM AB\T #a#i#e#f4 ,:5 ,I WAS 9 ,MEXICO ) ,FIDEL 9 ! TRA9+ CAMP ( ! #b#f? ( ,JULY ,MOVEM5T !RE WAS ALWAYS MORE COMMUNI/ LIT]ATURE ?AN ANY O!R K9D4 ,N[ ,CA/RO IS WORK+ COMPLETELY ) ! ,COMMUNI/S 444 .<,FUR!R QUE/IONS AB\T ! COMMUNI/ ORI5TATION ( ! ,CUBAN REGIME1 AS WELL AS $UCATION1 C5SOR%IP1 POLITICAL PRISON]S1 ! >MY & MILIT>IZATION ETC41 >E H]E OMITT$ AS !Y >E DISCUSS$ 9 MU* GREAT] DETAIL ?R\<\T ! TEXT4.> ,ROY ,F9* SUMS UP ! LESSONS ?AT C\LD NOT BE LE>N$ FROM ! EXP]I5CE ( ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION3 ,?\< ! CONNIVANCE ( ! ,AM]ICAN BL9DNESS & ,CUBAN ,COMMUNISM1 ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION HAS ALL BUT BE5 /OL5 FROM ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE 444 .<& QUOTES ,ALB]T ,CAMUS.> 0444 ,NONE ( ! EVILS :I* TOTALIT>IANISM CLAIMS TO REM$Y IS WORSE ?AN TOTALIT>IANISM ITSELF 4440 ,O!R ,REPORTS ,! FOLL[+ REPORTS W]E S5T FROM ,CUBA BY AN>*I/ MILITANTS ACTIVE 9 ! ANTI-,CA/RO UND]GR\ND RESI/ANCE MOVEM5T :O ALSO F\ 444,?OSE :O ORGANIZ$ ! ,APRIL #aifa 9VASION ( ,CUBA MISUND]/OOD ! REALITY ( ! ,CUBAN SITUATION4 ,! FAILURE ( ! 9VASION PO9TS UP ! NE$ = A ?OR\< REEVALUATION ( ! MEANS = ! LIB]ATION ( ,CUBA4 ,= ! MOM5T WE %ALL TRY TO DESCRIBE ! SITUATION4 ,! 9VASION CAURE/4 ,!RE IS NO WAY ( KN[+ H[ MANY W]E SEIZ$ BUT WE BELIEVE ?AT 9 ,HAVANA ALONE !RE W]E OV] #d14 ,!RE MU/ HAVE BE5 AT LEA/ HALF A MILLION NATIONALLY444 ,9 ONE ( ! PHONY 0COOP]ATIVES0 #h WORK]S W]E HAUL$ 94 ,DET5TION C5T]S 9 ,HAVANA & 9 ! PROV9CES W]E SURR\ND$ BY MA*9E-GUN TROOPS4 ,& ! PRISON]S W]E W>N$ ?AT AT ! FIR/ SIGN ( TR\BLE !Y W\LD IMM$IATELY BE %OT D[N4 ,NEV]!LESS 9 MANY PLACES ! PRISON]S ATTEMPT$ JAILBREAKS4 ,9 ONE CASE--! ,PALACE ( ,SPORTS--PRISON]S W]E MA*9E GUNN$ & A NUMB] W]E KILL$ & W\ND$4 ,PRISON]S 9 ! ,CA/ILLO DEL ,PR9CIPE ,=TRESS W]E SO SADI/ICALLY TORTUR$ ?AT MANY BECAME S]I\SLY ILL & SOME HAD TO BE PLAC$ 9 9SANE ASYLUMS4 4 4 444IT WAS ! ,COMMITTEES = ! ,DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION ,C,D,R :O CONDUCT$ MO/ ( ! H\SE BY H\SE RAIDS4 ,NO ONE CAN ESCAPE !IR VIGILANCE4 ,!SE BLOCK & NEIE A P]MAN5T DANG]444 444 A PEOPLE ?AT HAS S5T SU* A HUGE PROPORTION ( ITS SONS1 DAUM$ OPPOSITION TO ! DICTATOR%IP ) OV] HALF A MILLION IMPRISON$ = OPPOS+ ! DICTATOR%IP >E DECISIVELY REJECT+ ! TYRANNICAL SOCIAL REGIME :I* !Y >E BE+ =C$ TO 5DURE4 ,A DETE/$ REGIME MA9TA9S ITSELF 9 P[] ?R\< T]ROR SUPPORT$ BY ! >MAM5TS & MILIT>Y TE*NICIANS ( =EIGN IMP]IALI/ P[]S4 ,RA!R ?AN SUBMIT TO SU* DOM9ATION ! PEOPLE WILL1 IF NECESS>Y1 DIE FIIAN USURP]S ( ! ,REVOLUTION444 ,L,I,B,],T,Y ,O,R ,D,E,A,?6 0,ANTONIO04 ,CUBA ,MAY #a#c1 #a#i#f#a4 7S\RCE3 ,BULLET9 ( ! ,CUBAN ,LIB]T>IAN ,MOVEM5T 9 ,EXILE 7,M,C,L,E71 ,MIAMI1 ,MAY-,JUNE1 #a#i#f#d47 444 ON ! ACCUSATION ( ANY /OOLPIGEON ANYONE CAN BE IMPRISON$1 EV5 %OT1 )\T BE+ GIV5 ! LEA/ OPPORTUNITY TO DEF5D HIMSELF OR 5GAGE C\NSEL4 ,WE KN[ ( MANY CASES :]E P]SONS DETA9$ W]E LAT] MURD]$ ON ! PRETEXT ?AT !Y W]E KILL$ :ILE FIE ,HUNGRY60 9 A CORRIDOR4 ,! GU>DS RETALIAT$ BY OP5+ FIRE ON ! PROTE/]S1 KILL+ SOME & W\ND+ MANY4 ,SOME ( ! 9MATES W]E PLAC$ 9 SOLIT>Y CONF9EM5T1 )\T SUN1 9 DAMP CELLS :I* S]I\SLY AFFECT$ !IR HEAL?444 ,9 ! ,CABANA ,=TRESS--AN ANCI5T ,SPANI% COLONIAL PRISON--PROTE/+ PRISON]S W]E /RIPP$ NAK$ & EXPOS$ TO ! TROPICAL HEAT 444 O!RS W]E LOCK$ UP = MON?S 9 GLOOMY DUNGEONS 444 0,ANTONIO04 ,CUBA1 ,AUGU/ #e1 #aifb 7S\RCE1 IBID4 ,AUGU/-,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i#f#b7 ,9 ADDITION TO SC>CITY ( FOOD & O!R NECESSITIES ! PEOPLE >E SUBJECT$ TO >RE/S & H\SE SE>*ES AT ANY H\R ( ! DAY OR NIE N[ 9VE/$ ) POLICE P[]S4 ,%OOT+S GR[ MORE NUM]\S EA* DAY4 ,9 ! NIE H]D$ 9TO CONC5TRATION CAMPS 444 REC5TLY MORE ?AN A ?\S& FROM ! LITTLE T[N ( ,PAGUAY ,GR&S 7,JAGUEY ,GR&E87 W]E H]D$ 9TO ! PUBLIC SQU>E1 CONV]T$ 9TO A CONC5TRATION CAMP1 SEV5TY W]E %OT444 ,ANTONIO4 ,CUBA1 ,M>* #a#h1 #a#i#f#c4 7S\RCE IBID41 ,M>*-,APRIL1 #a#i#f#c7 ,LEAV+ ,CUBA ,SALVADOR ,G>CIA1 A VET]AN ,SPANI% AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ MILITANT F\AGON FRONT FROM ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,CIVIL ,W> 9 #a#i#c#f1 UNTIL ! FALL ( ! ,REPUBLIC 9 #a#i#c#i1 :5 HIS COLUMN WAS 9T]N$ 9 A ,FR5* ,CONC5TRATION CAMP4 ,DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I1 ,G>CIA F\MY 9 ,FRANCE4 ,LAT] HE & HIS FAMILY EMIGRAT$ TO ,CUBA :]E HE WAS ACTIVE 9 ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T & WAS = YE>S ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,C4,N4,T4 ,SPANI% REFUGEE ORGANIZATION4 ,:5 ! SADI/IC P]SECUTION ( REVOLUTION>IES1 BY ,CA/RO'S TOTALIT>IAN REGIME1 MADE LIFE UNBE>ABLE1 ,G>CIA F\ND REFUGE 9 ,MEXICO4 ,! FOLL[+ EXC]PTS FROM AN 9T]VIEW GIV5 A FEW DAYS AFT] ,G>CIA'S >RIVAL 9 ,MEXICO 7,SUMM]1 #a#i#f#c7 DEPICTS ! EMOTIONAL UPHEAVALS 5DUR$ BY REVOLUTION>IES =C$ 9TO EXILE4 .<,S4,D4.> ,HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( ,CUBANS >E RISK+ !IR LIVES1 TRY+ DESP]ATELY TO LEAVE ,CUBA4 ,EMBASSIES >E SWAMP$ ) 9DIVIDUALS & FAMILIES SEEK+ REFUGE 9 =EIGN L&S4 ,/REETS >E CORDON$ (F1 HEAVILY >M$ TROOPS GU>D ! DOCKS1 READY TO OP5 FIRE ON ! HORDES ( DESP]ATE ,CUBANS FRANTICALLY TRY+ TO BO>D ! FIR/ ,AM]ICAN %IPS1 RETURN+ TO ! ,U4,S4 AFT] UNLOAD+ M$ICAL & O!R SUPPLIES TO RANSOM PRISON]S TAK5 DUR+ ! ABORT$ ,AM]ICAN 9VASION4 ,HAVANA ,9T]NATIONAL ,AIRPORT IS CR[D$ ) HI<-LEVEL BUREAUCRATS 7PROVID$ ) AMPLE FUNDS7 TRAVEL+ TO ! 0SOCIALI/0 & MANY O!R C\NTRIES4 ,! MO/ EXP5SIVE RE/AURANTS & LUXURI\S ACCOMMODATIONS >E RES]V$ = ! ?\S&S ( MILIT>Y 0ADVIS]S10 TE*NICIANS1 SPECIALI/S & VISITORS FROM ,RUSSIA1 ,*9A1 & O!R 0?IRD WORLD SOCIALI/ C\NTRIES40 ,!Y %OP 9 SPECIAL /ORES1 ) UNRE/RICT$ ACCESS TO ! R>E/ LIQUORS1 ! F9E/ CLO!S & LUXURY PRODUCTS4 ,ALL ?IS1 :ILE ! ORD9>Y ,CUBAN IS =C$ TO SUBSI/ ON MEAG] RATIONS ( C(FEE1 RICE1 PLANTA9S1 P\LTRY1 MEAT1 FRUITS & VEGETABLES ABUNDANTLY AVAILABLE BE=E ,CA/RO4 ,EV5 ! COMMUNI/S CANNOT D5Y ?AT ! ,CUBAN /&>D ( LIV+ WAS AMONG ! HI ?AT P]VADES EV]Y ASPECT ( ,CUBAN LIFE4 4 4 ! DAILY PROVOCATIONS1 ! 9CESSANT BRUTALITIES ( ! 0REVOLUTION>Y0 TYRANTS POISONS ! ATMOSPH]E4 ,ONE CAN H>DLY BREA!4 ,I HAVE F\IES WILL SMA% ! /ATE8 ,P]HAPS ,FIDEL ,CA/RO WILL *ANGE8 ,P]HAPS4 4 4 8 ,ALL 9 VA94 ,! WALLS >E CLOS+ 9444 4 4 4 ,I /ILL HOPE = ! EV5TUAL FRE$OM ( ,CUBA4 ,BUT !RE >E TIMES :5 ,I AM BESET BY D\BTS & FE>S4 ,I REALIZE H[ DIFFICULT1 IF NOT IMPOSSIBLE1 IT IS1 = A PEOPLE ALL ALONE TO EXTRICATE !MSELVES FROM ! TOTALIT>IAN CLUT*ES )\T P[]FUL HELP FROM ! \TSIDE444 7,RECON/RUIR2 AN>*I/ BI-MON?LY1 ,BU5OS ,AIRES4 ,JANU>Y-,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#f#d47 ,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #aigc 3 ,*APT] #i -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,FEBRU>Y #e1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #i -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/