,! ,CRISIS 9 ,V5EZUELA 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,EL ,LIB]T>IO ,$ITORIAL ,COLLECTIVE 

,TEXT 3 

,:ILE WE >E /ILL SUFF]+ FROM ! IMPACT ( ! PROBLEMS :I* HAD 9T5SIFI$ T[>DS ! 5D ( #b#i1 SU* AS ! FRAUDUL5T ',BOLIB\RGEOIS' BANK]S & ! ONGO+ MALAISE ?R\<\T PUBLIC S]VICES1 A HO/ ( MEASURES REC5TLY UND]TAK5 BY ! GOV]NM5T SIGNAL A BITT] />T TO #ba = ,V5EZUELA4 ,FIR/LY1 !RE WAS ! IMPLEM5TATION ( A BULKY DEVALUATION1 SURE TO 9CREASE 9FLATION & SUBM]GE A L>GE SECTOR ( ! POPULATION 9 MIS]Y4 ,NEXT CAME ! ANN\NCEM5T ( ELECTRICITY RATION+ ?R\<\T ,GREAT] ,C>ACAS -- AS HAD BE5 ! DE FACTO CASE 9 ! RE/ ( ! C\NTRY -- ONLY TO SUBSEQU5TLY BE SUSP5D$ DUE TO ! UPRO> & CONFLICT IT CAUS$1 BUT N[ P5D+ ITS RE9TRODUCTION :5 ! CONDITIONS >E MORE P]MISSIVE4 ,LET US1 !RE=E1 />T ) A BRIEF SYNOPSIS ( ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! CURR5T CRISIS3 

,! ,BOLIB\RGEOIS BANK]S' FRAUD3 ! LA/ DECADE HAS BE5 AN ]A ( BONANZA & GREAT =TUNE = ! F9ANCIAL SECTOR1 ?ANKS TO G5]\S SUBSIDY FROM ! /ATE1 :OSE TRADITIONAL MONET>Y POLICY HAS DONE NO?+ BUT WORK = !IR B5EFIT4 ,IT IS PRECISELY BECAUSE ( ?IS ?AT ! SECTOR BECAME ! FOCUS ( RAPACI\S SPECULATION ON ! P>T ( ! ,BOLIB\RGEOISIE 7,F]N&EZ ,B]RUECO1 ,ZAMBRANO1 ,>NE ,*ACON1 ,P$RO ,TORRES ,CILIB]TO & ! RE/ ( ! GANG71 LEAD+ TO ITS UNABA%$ PILLAG+1 ) ! PUBLIC SUPPORT ( ITS (FICIAL SUP]VISORS SU* AS ! ,BANK+ ,SUP]9T5D5T & ! ,NATIONAL ,VALUES ,COMMISSION 7GOV]NM5TAL ORGANIZATION :I* OV]SEES NATIONAL CAPITAL1 SIMIL> TO ! ,DEP>TM5T = ,BUS9ESS1 ,9NOVATION & ,SKILLS 9 ! ,U,K - TRANSLATOR71 5C\RAGEM5T ?AT ]ADICAT$ ANY SORT ( NO/ALGIA = ,CALD]A'S 7,*AVEZ' RI<TW+ PR$ECESSOR - TRANS47 GOV]NM5T & ! F9ANCIAL CRISIS ( ! #iS1 NOT TO M5TION ! PREVI\S ]AS ( SPECULATION & CON TRICKS )9 ! BANK+ SECTOR4 

,! MACRO-DEVALUATION3 ?IS IS A MEASURE TAK5 AT ! DEM& ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,MONET>Y ,FUND 7,I,M,F71 :O PUBLICALLY APPLAUD$ IT4 ,IT'S A P>T ( ! CLASSIC NEOLIB]AL PRESCRIPTION ?AT IS ADM9I/]$ BY ! ,I,M,F1 :O GRANT$ ! ,V5EZUELAN /ATE A LOAN 9 #b#i4 ,?R\< 9FLATION1 ! DEVALUATION WILL FAVOR ! F9ANCIAL SECTOR & 9T]NATIONAL 9VE/M5TS 9 ! C\NTRY1 :ILE 9EVITABLY SLA%+ WORK]S' SAL>IES 9 REAL T]MS4 ,! ,PRESID5T SUBSEQU5TLY ANN\NC$ - AS A PALLIATIVE - AN 9CREASE ( ! NATIONAL M9IMUM WAGE BY #a.0 = #a ,M>* & !N #a#e.0 MORE = #a ,SEPTEMB]4 ,?IS DECISION1 H[EV]1 IS D]ISORY & ULTIMATELY DEBUNKS ! MY? ?AT \R M9IMUM WAGE IS ! HI<E/ 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA3 IT WILL DECREASE BY #f#b4#c.0 ) ! FALL ( ! ,BOLIV>1 DUE TO ! FACT ?AT #e#e.0 ( ALL GOODS & S]VICES >E ACQUIR$ AT ! SO CALL$ 0PETROL DOLL>0 RATE 7#d4#c,BS,F_/,U,S@s#a74 

,! (FICIAL EXCUSE IS ?AT IT WILL MAKE ! NATIONAL ECONOMY MORE COMPETITIVE1 & !RE=E OV]COM+ ITS 'R5TI]' HI/ORY2 ! SORT ( FOOLI% ASS]TION ?AT C\LD ONLY BE ACCOMPANI$ BY AN UNFETT]$ CAPITALI/ AG5DA4 ,A M$IA SPECTACLE HAS BE5 ORGANIZ$ 9 ORD] TO PROVIDE A DI/RACTION1 ) ! GOV]NM5TAL 9/ITUTIONS 9 *>GE ( CONSUMPTION ATTEMPT+ TO CONV9CE US ?AT :AT IS HAPP5+ IS A SPIRAL ( SPECULATION1 RA!R ?AN 9FLATION4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 C]TA9 BUS9ESS SECTORS HAVE ACCEPT$ ! DEVALUATION BUT HAV5'T RESPOND$1 EI!R DUE TO HAV+ AN ACCUMULATION ( GOODS1 OR M]ELY BE+ SL[4 ,! OPPOSITION - 9 BO? ITS RI<TW+ & SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC =MS - HAS RE/RICT$ ITSELF TO *>ACT]IZ+ ! MEASURE AS AN ATTEMPT TO 9CREASE LIQUIDITY = ELECTORAL PURPOSES4 ,!Y >E RI<T 9 ?IS1 ( C\RSE1 BUT !Y FAIL TO ACKN[L$GE ITS REAL MOTIVATION1 BE+ - AS IT IS - A CONDITION PUT 9 PLACE 9 ORD] TO FAVOR CAPITAL & ! /ATE4 

,!RE IS ALSO ANO!R P]NICI\S EV5T TO CONSID]1 9 RELATION TO ! MANIPULATION ( ! EX*ANGE RATE1 ADM9I/]$ BY ! ,CURR5CY ,ADM9I/RATION ,COMMISSION 7,CADIVI 9 ITS ,SPANI% 9ITIALS - TRANS474 ,CADIVI HAS SE5 V>I\S CASES ( CORRUPTION1 SU* AS ! EXAMPLE ( ! ,MICRO ,/> BUS9ESS1 9 :I* ,ELIGIO ,C$5O & ,GU/AVO ,>RAEZ1 BO? ,BOLIB\RGEOIS1 5D$ UP BE+ EMBROIL$4 ,!SE FRAUD CASES >E NO?+ BUT A CONT9UATION ( A TRAJECTORY ( CLI5TELI/ DEMOCRACY 9 ?IS >EA1 MORE SO S9CE ,CADIVI BE>S ! LEGACY ( ! SADLY-REMEMB]$ ,RECADI 7,CADIVI'S PR$ECESSOR - TRANS47 FROM ! #hS4 

,! ELECTRICITY PROBLEM3 ! ELECTRICITY CRISIS EM]G$ AS A SEQUEL TO ! LACK ( MA9T5ANCE ( ! PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION PLANTS1 AS WELL AS ! FAILURE TO 9VE/ 9 ! #bi !RMOELECTRIC PLANTS REQUIR$ AS A RESPONSE TO ! 9CREASE 9 DEM&1 ( :I* FIVE HAVE BE5 COMPLET$ & ONLY ?REE >E 9 OP]ATION 7TO P>TIAL CAPACITY74 ,MOREOV]1 ! ,PLANTA ,C5TRO 7! L>GE/ !RMOELECTRIC PLANT 9 ! C\NTRY7 HAS BE5 AB&ON$1 & ! PROPOS$ F\R DAMS 9 ,ALTO ,C>ONI - 9 ! S\? ( ! C\NTRY - W]E NEV] BUILT4 ,!SE PROJECTS HAVE BE5 F]TILE GR\ND = CORRUPTION & IDL5ESS1 YET ! GOV]NM5T ATTEMPTS TO EXCUSE !IR PROBLEMS ) REF]5CE TO ! METEOROLOGICAL PH5OM5ON ( ,EL ,N9O1 A HYPO!SIS ?AT HAS BE5 R\NDLY DISMISS$ BY EXP]TS4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ! C\NTRY HAS TO 5DURE SACRIFICE 9 9DEF9ITE P[] CUTS 7) ! EXCEPTION ( ,GREAT] ,C>ACAS1 = ! MOM5T71 IMPROVIS$ SUSP5SION S*$ULES1 IRREP>ABLE DAMAGE TO ! ELECTRICAL EQUIPM5T & ! P>ALYZATION ( O!R S]VICES 7HEAL?1 $UCATION1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS1 ETC7 & HUMAN LOSS1 ALL G5]AT$ BY ! NEGLIG5CE ( ! /ATE4 

,! DEVELOPM5TALI/1 EXTRACTIVE & R5TI] CAPITALI/ MODEL HAS FAIL$6 

  

,:AT IS GO+ ON IS A DEF9ITIVE DEMON/RATION ( ! 9ADEQUACY ( ! MODEL IMPLEM5T$ AFT] #bc ,JANU>Y1 #aieh 7! DATE ( ! C\P AGA9/ MILIT>Y DICTATOR ,P]EZ ,JIM5EZ - TRANS471 CONT9U$ BY ! CURR5T GOV]NM5T DESPITE ITS SUPPOS$ OBJECTIVE ( 0BREAK+ ) ! ORI5TATION T[>DS PUNT(IJISMO0 7! PRACTICE ( 5C\RAG+ AN OIL-RELIANT ECONOMY1 ! /APLE ( ,V5EZUELAN POLITICS S9CE ,P]EZ ,JIM5EZ' TOPPL+ - TRANS474 ,! /ATE HAS PRIORITIZ$ ! EXPORT ( FOSSIL FUEL 5]GY2 WE HAVE BE5 DESP]ATELY DEP5D5T ON OIL DUE TO ! DEM&S ( A GLOBALIZ+ ECONOMY4 ,( EV]Y ,U,S@s#a EXPORT$ 9 ! LA/ YE>1 @s#i#c HAVE COME FROM HYDROC>BONS4 ,P,D,V,S,A HAS BECOME A F9ANCIAL COLLECTION C5T]1 EV5 ) R$UC$ PRODUCTION & MORE S]I\SLY1 ITS P>TIAL COMPROMISE DUE TO ITS 5ORM\S DEBTS4 ,COAL EXTRACTION CONT9UES 9 ,ZULIA /ATE1 DESPITE BE+ AN 5VIRONM5TAL DISA/]1 REPRES5T+ AN AGGRESSION AGA9/ ! ,WAYUU1 ,B>I & ,YUKPA PEOPLES4 ,! 9TEGRATION ( ,V5EZUELA 9TO ! ,I,I,R,S,A 7,9FRA/RUCTURAL ,9TEGRATION ( ! ,S\? ,AM]ICAN ,REGION7 IS A TE/ ( ! ABILITY ( *AVISMO TO SUBMIT TO ! DICTATES ( 9T]NATIONAL P[]4 ,EQUALLY1 ! P]MAN5T VACILLATIONS ) ,COLOMBIA OV] ! ,PROYECTO ,MESOAM]ICA 7PREVI\SLY KN[N AS ! ,PLAN ,PUEBLA ,PANAMA71 9 :I* GAS FROM ! TWO ,S\? ,AM]ICAN C\NTRIES W\LD BE DELIV]$ TO S\!RN & WE/]N ,U,S VIA ,MEXICO & ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA1 DEMON/RATES ! CURR5T REGIME'S COLLABORATIONI/ 9T5T AS CONC]NS 9T]NATIONAL CAPITAL1 & SIMULTANE\SLY1 AN (F5SIVE DIS9T]E/ 9 PREV5T+ ! PLANET'S DE/RUCTION4 

,! PRODUCTIVE SECTOR IS AT ITS MO/ LIMIT$ DUE TO UNEMPLOYM5T1 :I* IS MASSAG$ 9 (FICIAL FIGURES ?ANKS TO ! 0LABOR FLEXIBILITY0 9/RUM5T$ BY ! /ATE1 :I* CONTRACTS WORK]S = A FEW1 SC>CE MON?S 9 ORD] TO GIVE ! IMPRESSION ( G5]AT+ WORK4 ,AGRICULTURE IS BANKRUPT DESPITE ! /RID5CY GIV5 TO ! R$I/RIBUTION ( L&S1 ! SUPPOS$ 5DOG5IC DEVELOPM5T & DIET>Y SELF-SUFFICI5CY PROMOT$ BY (FICIAL PROPAG&A4 ,IF WE ADD TO !SE VICISSITUDES ! HI< CRIME LEVELS1 9FLATION1 LACK ( H\S+1 ! DET]IORATION ( PUBLIC HEAL? & ! GR[+ DEM& = PRIVATE POLICIES 9 PUBLIC SECTOR CONTRACTS1 WE CAN CONCLUDE ?AT ! GOV]NM5T IS ABSOLUTELY 9CAPABLE ( RESOLV+ ITS MO/ FUNDAM5TAL PROBLEMS4 

,FAC$ ) DISA/]1 LET'S CON/RUCT ALT]NATIVES FROM BEL[6 

  

,! CONT9UATION ( DEMOCRATIC POPULISM - 9/ALL$ ) ! FALL ( ,P]EZ ,JIM5EZ - HAS BE5 GU>ANTE$ BY ,HUGO ,*AVEZ1 :O1 ) A *>ISMATIC & MESSIANIC LEAD]%IP /YLE1 HAS TRI$ TO PRES]VE HIMSELF ) A SYMBIOSIS ( POPULISM1 MILIT>ISM & ,/AL9ISM4 ,FOLL[+ ! DECAD5CE ( ! ADECA-COPEYANA ]A 7! #d YE>S BETWE5 ,P]EZ ,JIM5EZ & ,*AVEZ1 9 :I* TWO P>TIES - ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC ,A,D,E & ! ,*RI/IAN DEMOCRATS ( ,C,O,P,E - DOM9AT$ NATIONAL POLITICS - TRANS471 />T+ ) ,BLACK ,FRIDAY 9 #a#i#h#c1 CONT9U+ ) ! C>ACAZO ( #aihi & ! ATTEMPT$ C\PS ( #d ,FEBRU>Y & #bg ,NOVEMB] #a#i#i#b1 ! MILIT>Y FIGURE EM]GES LIKE A R+ TO ! F+] ( E/ABLI%$ P[]1 = :OM A MILIT>Y LEAD] HAS BE5 ( USE = MORE ?AN A DECADE N[4 ,H[EV]1 WE RECKON ?AT ?IS P>TICUL> CAUDILLO IS N[ ON ! DESC5T [+ TO HIS WOEFUL ADM9I/RATION1 BR++ ) IT ! SUBSEQU5T LOSS ( GOV]NABILITY4 ,JU/ LIKE :AT HAPP5$ 9 ! CASE ( ,C>LOS ,&RES ,P]EZ 7:O WAS SACRIFIC$ :5 !RE WAS A DECL9E 9 HIS LEAD]%IP71 IT'S POSSIBLE ?AT BO? NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL 9T]E/S WILL PREP>E HIS SUCCESSOR1 AS HAS ALWAYS BE5 ! CASE 9 ,V5EZUELAN POLITICS4 ,( C\RSE1 ?IS WILL BE NEI!R EASY NOR )\T CONFLICT1 = ! POLITICAL P>TIES & O!R =MS ( PORTION+ P[] ?AT >E (F]$ BY ! SOCIAL DEMOCRAT & RI<TW+ OPPOSITION ONLY CONFRONT ,*AVEZ ) A VIEW TO ASSUM+ CONTROL ( ,V5EZUELA & ! R5T ( ITS OIL4 ,!Y HAVE NO POSITIVE RESPONSES TO ! NE$S & DEM&S ( ! POPUL> MAJORITY4 

,) \RSELVES AT SU* A DIFFICULT JUNCTURE1 ! ALT]NATIVE IS C]TA9LY NOT TO BE F\ND )9 ! ELECTORAL CIRCUS ?AT WILL BE (F]$ TO US ?IS YE> 7P>LIAM5T>Y ELECTIONS >E DUE TO BE HELD 9 ,NOVEMB] TIME - TRANS471 BUT 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( POPUL> SOCIAL NETWORKS1 SELF-ORGANIZATION & ! AUTONOMY ( SOCIETY'S V>I\S SECTORS1 ) !IR [N AG5DAS & /RUGGLES4 ,WE CALL = ! ORGANIZATION ( MANIFE/ATIONS ( ! G5U9E DESIRE TO BE FREE & EQUAL 9 EV]Y POSSIBLE SPACE1 9 SOLID>ITY ) BASE-LEVEL1 9DEP5D5T ORGANIZATIONS ( WORK]S1 WOM51 PEASANTS1 9DIG5\S1 ! Y\NG1 ! CULTURAL SECTOR & ALL :O F9D !MSELVES SOCIALLY EXCLUD$1 9 ORD] TO BEG9 ! SE>* = ! EMANCIPATION ( \R SOCIETY4 

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,JANU>Y #a#e1 #bbb 3 ,! ,CRISIS 9 ,V5EZUELA -- ,ADD$4 

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