,! ,CRISIS 9 ,SOCIALI/ ,!ORY 
,! 0,GR\P ( ,9T]NATIONAL ,COMMUNI/S0 9 ,HOLL& 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANTON ,PANNEKOEK 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 ,LEFT1 ,NO #a#c#b1 ,OCTOB] #a#i#d#g1 P4 #b#b#e-#b#b#h4 

,! FIR/ WORLD W> & ! 5SU+ ,RUSSIAN & ,G]MAN 
REVOLUTIONS RAIS$ NEW PROBLEMS & BR\<T AB\T PR(\ND *ANGES 9 ! IDEAS 
( WORK]S & ,SOCIALI/S4 ,! ,G]MAN ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 ! APP>5TLY P[]FUL 
ORGANIZATION READY TO CONQU] POLITICAL DOM9ANCE & !REBY TO E/ABLI% 
,SOCIALISM1 :5 9 P[] TURN$ \T A MEANS = REE/ABLI%+ CAPITALISM4 ,9 
,RUSSIA ! WORK]S HAD BEAT5 D[N ,CZ>ISM & TAK5 POSSESSION ( ! FACTORIES 
& ! L&2 N[ ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM BR\<T !M 9TO /RICT] SLAV]Y UND] A 
NEW MA/] CLASS4 ,& NOT RE=MISM ONLY WAS TO BE BLAM$2 ! MO/ NOTABLE 
SPOKESM5 ( UNCOMPROMIS+ RADICALISM1 R5[N$ AS ,M>XI/S1 SU* AS ,KAUTSKY 
& ,L591 W]E AG5TS 9 ?IS DEVELOPM5T4 ,CLE>LY !RE MU/ BE SOME?+ 
WRONG 9 ! CURR5T DOCTR9E4 

,! CURR5T DOCTR9E WAS ?AT ! WORK]S BY BALLOT ELECT A 
,P>LIAM5T & DET]M9E A ,GOV]NM5T ( ,SOCIALI/S2 !N !SE POLITICIANS & 
(FICIALS HAVE TO DO ! ESS5TIAL WORK ( EXPROPRIAT+ ! CAPITALI/S1 ( 
ABOLI%+ PRIVATE [N]%IP ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 & ( ORGANIZ+ 
PRODUCTION4 ,! 5SU+ SY/EM ( PUBLIC [N]%IP1 :]E ! WORK]S >E 
WAGE-E>N]S 9 S]VICE ( ! ,/ATE1 IS 5TIRELY DIFF]5T FROM COMMON 
[N]%IP1 :]E ! WORK]S >E DIRECT MA/]S ( ! 5T]PRISES & REGULATE 
!IR WORK !MSELVES4 ,9 ! LATT] CASE ! PROBLEM >ISES ( H[ !SE 
5T]PRISES CAN BE COMB9$ 9TO A WELL-PLANN$ SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4 ,9 F]V5T 
DISCUSSIONS1 9T5SE SPIRITUAL ACTIVITY1 ! DIFF]5T LEFTI/ GR\PS ?AT HAD 
SPLIT (F FROM ! ,SOCIALI/ & ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES1 TRI$ TO DISCOV] :AT 
O!R WAYS ( ACTION %\LD LEAD ! WORK+ CLASS TO ! GOAL ( FRE$OM4 

,POLITICAL REFUGEES TO ,HOLL& :O HAD TAK5 P>T 9 ! FI<T ( 
! ,G]MAN WORK]S1 #a#i#b-#b#a1 9 ! ,RUHR REBELLION & 9 ?AT ( ! ,SAXONIAN 
PLANTS1 HAD EXP]I5C$ :AT A WEAL? ( 9ITIATIVE & CAPACITIES SPRANG UP 9 
! MASSES :5 !Y /OOD BE=E ! TASK ( ORGANIZ+ !MSELVES1 !IR LIFE 
& !IR FI<T4 ,9 ,HOLL&1 [+ TO ITS SITUATION 9 ! MID/ ( ,5GLI%1 
,FR5*1 & ,G]MAN 9FLU5CES1 FUNDAM5TAL !ORETICAL UND]/&+ HAD 
P5ETRAT$ 9TO RA!R BROAD GR\PS ( WORK]S & 9TELLECTUALS4 ,\T ( !IR 
COLLABORATION A GR\P ( MILITANTS1 CALL+ !MSELVES 0,GR\P ( ,9T]NATIONAL 
,COMMUNI/S0 7,G4,I4,C471 CAME =W>D & SET !MSELVES TO ! /UDY ( ! 
ECONOMIC BASIS ( ! NEW SOCIETY4 ,!Y KNEW QUITE WELL ?AT ! WORK]S' 
REVOLUTION W\LD NOT BR+ AT ONCE1 AS BY MIRACLE1 A WORLD ( ABUNDANCE :]E 
EV]YBODY HAD ONLY TO TAKE ACCORD+ TO HIS WI%ES4 ,! NEW SOCIALI/ ORD] HAS 
TO BE BUILT UP 9 H>D FI<T & DELIB]ATE WORK1 BY MEANS ( A WELL-DEVIS$ 
ORGANIZATION1 ACCORD+ TO /RICT RULES ( PROLET>IAN EQUITY4 ,EV]Y =M ( 
SOCIETY HAS ITS SOLID MAT]IAL BASIS 9 AN ECONOMIC SY/EM1 A MODE ( PRODUCTION 
& DI/RIBUTION1 ?AT DET]M9ES ITS /RUCTURE & *>ACT]4 ,ALREADY BE=E 
BUT /ILL MORE AFT] ! W> MANY AU?ORS HAD OCCUPI$ !MSELVES ) ?IS 
ECONOMIC PROBLEM 7,KAUTSKY1 ,HILF]D+1 ,NEURA?1 ,LEI*T]1 ,MAX ,WEB]1 ,COLE ETC471 
BUT !Y HAD ALL ASSUM$ AS ITS BASE ?AT A C5TRAL LEAD+ P[] IS NECESS>Y1 
A GOV]NM5T ?AT IMPOSES ITS REGULATIONS UPON ! SEP>ATE UNITS ( PRODUCTION4 
,AN>*I/ WRIT]S1 SURELY1 HAD PROCLAIM$ ! AUTONOMY ( ! SEP>ATE %OPS2 
BUT !RE ! CONNECTION 9TO A SOCIAL ORGANIZATION WAS LEFT TO GOODWILL 
ONLY4 

,! ,G4,I4,C4 9 /UDY+ ! PROBLEM1 ! MA9 PROBLEM ( 
,SOCIALISM1 ( H[ TO COMB9E FRE$OM ) ORGANIZATION1 P]CEIV$ ?AT !Y HAD 
ONLY TO CONT9UE ALONG ! L9ES ( ?\<T LAID D[N BY ,M>X 9 OCCASIONAL 
SMALL NOTES1 9 ! ,CAPITAL & 9 HIS REM>KS ON ! ,GO?A 
PROGRAM ( ! ,G]MAN ,S4,D44 ,M>X DID NOT SPEAK !RE9 ( ,/ATE-SOCIALISM1 
:I* HE OPPOS$ /RONGLY1 BUT ( 0! ASSOCIATION ( FREE & EQUAL 
PRODUC5TS01 DIRECT+ !IR WORK !MSELVES2 HE PO9T$ \T ?AT 9/EAD ( 
VALUE & MONEY ! 0AV]AGE TIME ( PRODUCTION01 MEASUR$ 9 H\RS ( WORK1 
WILL =M ! BASIS ( ! NEW ECONOMIC SY/EM4 ,!SE IDEAS :I* ! 0,M>XI/0 
WRIT]S HAD 5TIRELY AB&ON$1 W]E N[ WORK$ \T BY ! ,G4,I4,C4 AU?ORS 9 AN 
IMPORTANT BOOKLET3 ,PR9CIPLES ( ,COMMUNI/ 
,PRODUCTION & ,DI/RIBUTION ?AT 9 #aic APPE>$ 9 ,G]MAN1 & 9 
,DUT*4 ,!RE IT IS %[N ?AT BY ! BOOK-KEEP+ ( EV]Y 5T]PRISE1 COMPLET$ 
BY REGI/RATION & BOOK-KEEP+ ( ! PROCESSES ( SOCIAL PRODUCTION1 ON ! 
BASIS ( ! H\RS SP5T1 ! WORK]S >E ABLE !MSELVES TO SUP]VISE & 
DIRECT PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION4 ,BODIES ( DELEGATES1 0WORK]S C\NCILS0 >E 
! 9/RUM5TS 9 ORGANIZ+ ! SEP>ATE 5T]PRISES 9TO A SOCIAL 5TIRETY4 
,IT IS %[N ?AT ?IS IS NOT SIMPLY A POSSIBLE & BETT] =M ?AN 
,/ATE-DIRECT$ ,SOCIALISM1 BUT ?AT IT IS ! ONLY POSSIBLE =M4 ,IT IS NOT 
POSSIBLE = A C5TRAL BUREAUCRACY ( (FICIALS & EXP]TS TO ASC]TA9 ALL 
NE$S1 PRESCRIBE ALL ! WORK & SUP]VISE ALL ! PROCESSES 9 !IR DETAILS2 
ALL ! PROPOS$ SY/EMS LEAD TO >BITR>9ESS 9 DI/RIBUTION BY A RUL+ 
M9ORITY4 ,SELF-RULE ( ! FREE & EQUAL PRODUC5TS1 ON ! ONE H&1 IS ABLE 
TO REGULATE PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION )\T DIFFICULTY1 ! RULES & 
DEAL+S BE+ IMPOS$ BY ECONOMIC REALITIES4 ,! DIFFICULTIES >ISE BY 
9T]POS+ A ,/ATE-P[] BETWE5 PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION4 ,?US ! 
ASPIRATIONS ( SELF-DET]M9ATION >IS+ 9 ! WORK]S1 FROM M]E S5TIM5T 
& POLITICAL PROGRAM W]E TURN$ 9TO EMBODIM5T ( AN ECONOMIC NECESSITY4 
,?US A SCI5TIFIC F\NDATION WAS LAID = ! TASK ( SELF-LIB]ATION ( ! 
WORK+ CLASS4 

,IT IS TO BE REGRETT$ ?AT ?IS BOOK WAS NOT ACCESSIBLE TO 
,5GLI% WORK]S 7! BULK ( ! ,G]MAN $ITION MOREOV] WAS DE/ROY$ ) ! 
ASC5DANCY ( ,NAZISM71 BECAUSE ITS PRACTICAL BASIS C\LD APPEAL /RONGLY TO ! 
PRACTICAL ,5GLI% M9D4 ,N[ ?AT ,CAPITALISM GR[S 9TO AN 9T]NATIONAL P[]1 
& FI<T+ CONDITIONS T5D TO BE MORE EQUALIZ$ OV] ! WORLD1 ! WORK]S 9 
EV]Y C\NTRY %\LD LOOK = MORE 9T]NATIONAL EX*ANGE ( EXP]I5CES & 
IDEAS4 

,= ! TIME BE+ ?IS /UDY GAVE A /RONG IMPULSE TO ! 
PROPAG&A ( ! LITTLE GR\P4 ,9 ITS /ATEM5T ( PR9CIPLES ! ,G4,I4,C4 
REJECT$ P>TY POLITICS & UNION LEAD]ISM1 & PUT UP ! WORK]S C\NCILS AS 
! =M ( ORGANIZATION ( SELF-RULE4 ,IT CALL$ UPON ! WORK]S TO TAKE UP ! 
FI<T = COMMUNI/ PRODUCTION1 TO TAKE 9TO !IR [N H&S ! DIRECTION & 
ADM9I/RATION ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION ACCORD+ TO G5]AL RULES1 & 
?US TO REALIZE ! ASSOCIATION ( FREE & EQUAL PRODUC5TS4 

,! ,G4,I4,C4 DID NOT CON/ITUTE ITSELF AS A NEW P>TY TRY+ TO GET 
ADH]5TS2 IT PUT UP ! PR9CIPLE ?AT 9 ALL PRACTICAL ACTION ( REAL FI<T 
! WORK]S HAVE TO ACT - & WILL ACT - AS ONE SOLID UNITY1 AGA9/ :I* ! 
DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! GR\PS & P>TIES & UNIONS >E FUTILE4 ,BESIDES 
SEV]AL PAMPHLETS IT BR\<T \T REGUL>LY 0PRESS MAT]IALS0 PUT AT ! DISPOSAL 
( ALL GR\PS :O %\LD WI% TO PUBLI% IT1 9 :I* CURR5T EV5TS W]E 
TREAT$ FROM ?IS NEW PO9T ( VIEW4 ,?US1 9 FRI5DLY DISCUSSION ) O!R 
LEFTI/ GR\PS1 /RONGLY & FUNDAM5TALLY OPPOS+ ! ,SOCIALI/S 9 P[] & 
! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES1 IT DISSEM9AT$ ITS IDEAS4 ,9 AN IRREGUL>LY APPE>+ 
,RATEKORRESPOND5Z 7,C\NCIL CORRESPOND5CE7 !ORETICAL 
QUE/IONS W]E TREAT$4 ,9 #ai* IT PUBLI%$ 9 ,G]MAN ,L59 ALS 
,PHILOSOPH 7,L59 AS A ,PHILOSOPH]71 :]E9 IT IS %[N ?AT ,L591 9 
HIS BASIC PHILOSOPHICAL IDEAS1 /&S OV] AGA9/ ,M>XISM2 BY LACK ( F9ANCIAL 
MEANS IT C\LD ONLY BE ISSU$ 9 A LIMIT$ NUMB] ( CYCLO/YL$ COPIES4 ,AFT] 
! W> ! ,G4,I4,C4 COMB9$ ) ! GR\P ,SP>TACUS ?AT TO A 
GREAT EXT5T HAD GONE 9 ! SAME DIRECTION2 ?AT HAD A BROAD] MEMB]%IP1 BUT 
9 ! UND]GR\ND FI<T AGA9/ ! ,G]MANS HAD LO/ ITS MO/ PROM95T 
SPOKESM54 ,TOGE!R !Y PUBLI% N[ ! WEEKLY ,SP>TACUS1 ! ONLY 
WEEKLY PAP] ?AT MAKES UNCOMPROMIS+ CLASS FI<T ( ! WORK+ CLASS = 
FRE$OM & MA/]Y ( PRODUCTION ! BASIS & CONT5TS ( ALL ITS PROPAG&A4 
,A BOOK ON ,DE ,>BEUD]SRAV5 7,! ,WORK]S' ,C\NCILS71 EXP\ND+ 
!SE VIEWS 7:I* ALSO EXI/S 9 AN ,5GLI% V]SION 9 MANUSCRIPT7 WAS 
PUBLI%$ BY !M LA/ YE>4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #a1 #bba 3 ,! ,CRISIS 9 ,SOCIALI/ ,!ORY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,! ,CRISIS 9 ,SOCIALI/ ,!ORY -- ,UPDAT$4 

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