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,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TAGS 3 C5TRAL ASIA1 RUSSIAN EMPIRE1 RUSSIAN TS>1 AF<AN TURKI/AN1 RUSSIAN TURKI/AN1 S\? SLAVONIC1 SLAVONIC F$]ATION1 AF<AN FRONTI]1 URAL-CASPIAN REGION1 RUSSIAN PEOPLE4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,HILKE ,KURZKE1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE ,IF ,I W]E ASK$ TO GIVE MY OP9ION1 AS A GEOGRAPH]1 ON ! P5D+ CONFLICT ON ! ,AF<AN FRONTI]1 ,I %\LD M]ELY OP5 ! VOLUME ( ,ELISEE ,RECLUS'S ,GEOGRAPHIE ,UNIV]SELLE ,L',ASIE1 ,RUSSE1 & %[ ! PAGES HE HAS CONSECRAT$ UND] ?IS HEAD TO ! DESCRIPTION ( ! ,AF<AN ,TURKI/AN4 ,SUMM+ UP ! RESULT ( HIS EXT5SIVE C>EFUL & HI<LY IMP>TIAL /UDIES ( ,C5TRAL ,ASIA1 ,RECLUS HAS NOT HESITAT$ TO RECOGNIZE ?AT1 GEOGRAPHICALLY1 ! UPP] ,OXUS & ALL ! NOR!RN SLOPE ( ! ,IRAN & ,AF<AN PLATEAUX BELONG TO ! ,URAL-,CASPIAN REGION1 & ?AT ! GR[+ 9FLU5CE ( ! ,SLAVONIAN MI<T CANNOT FAIL TO UNITE1 SOON] OR LAT]1 9TO ONE POLITICAL GR\P1 ! V>I\S P>TS ( ?IS IMM5SE BAS94 ,&1 SURELY1 NOBODY :O HAS /UDI$ !SE C\NTRIES -- )\T BE+ 9FLU5C$ BY POLITICAL OR PATRIOTIC PREOCCUPATIONS -- WILL D5Y ?AT ! ,AF<AN ,TURKI/AN CANNOT BE SEP>AT$ FROM ! REMA9D] ( ! ,URAL-,CASPIAN REGION4 ,AF<ANI/AN PROP] MAY REMA9 = SOME TIME ! BONE ( CONT5TION BETWE5 ,5GL& & ,RUSSIA2 & IF IT BE DIVID$1 ONE WAY OR ! O!R1 9TO TWO P>TS BY ! TWO RIVALS -- NO GEOGRAPHICAL OR PHYSICAL REASONS C\LD BE ALLEG$ = ! P>TITION2 BUT ! VASSAL ,KHANATES ( ,MAIM5E1 ,KHULM1 ,KUNDUZ1 & EV5 ! ,BADAK%AN & ,WAHKRAN C]TA9LY BELONG GEOGRAPHICALLY & E?NOGRAPHICALLY TO ! SAME AGGREGATION ( TRIBES & SMALL NATIONS :I* OCCUPIES ! REMA9D] ( ! BAS9 ( ! ,AMU ,D>YA4 ,>RANGEM5TS CONCLUD$ BY DIPLOMATI/S MAY PROVISORILY SETTLE O!R FRONTI]S3 !SE FRONTI]S WILL BE1 H[EV]1 BUT PROVISORY ONES2 ! NATURAL DELIMITATION IS ALONG ! ,H9DU-,KU% & ! ,P>OPAMISUS2 ,AF<AN ,TURKI/AN MU/ REJO9 ! N[ ,RUSSIAN ,TURKI/AN4  

 ,! NECESSITY1 9 ,C5TRAL ,ASIA1 ( HOLD+ ! UPP] C\RSES ( RIV]S :I* ALONE BR+ LIFE TO DES]TS1 & ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( LEAV+ !M 9 ! H&S ( POPULATIONS :I* TO-MORR[ MAY BECOME ! 5EMIES ( ! VALLEYS2 ! NECESSITIES ( TRAFFIC & COMM]CE2 ! 9CAPACITY ( ! POPULATION2 SETTL$ ON ! LEFT BANK ( ! ,UPP] ,AMU TO DEF5D !MSELVES AGA9/ RAIDS AFT] !Y HAVE LO/ 9 S]VILITY !IR =M] VIRILE VIRTUES2 NAY1 EV5 ! NATIONAL FEEL+S ( ! ,UZBEG POPULATION1 H[EV] FEEBLE -- ALL !SE & SEV]AL O!R REASONS WELL KN[N TO ! EXPLOR]S & /UD5TS ( ?OSE REGIONS CONTRIBUTE TO CONNECT ! :OLE ( ! BAS9 ( ! ,AMN & ! ,MUR<AB 9TO ONE BODY4 ,TO DIVIDE IT = POLITICAL PURPOSES W\LD BE TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ PHYSICAL1 E?NOGRAPHICAL & HI/ORICAL NECESSITIES4 ,AS TO ! ,WAKHRAN1 ! ,%UGNAN1 ! ,BADAK%AN & EV5 ! SMALL KHANATES WE/ ( ! ,PAMIR1 P]HAPS !Y C\LD /RUGGLE SOME TIME = !IR 9DEP5D5CE IF !Y W]E ABLE TO RISE 9 >MS LIKE ! ,CIRCASSIANS2 BUT !Y W\LD NECESS>ILY SUCCUMB BE=E ! P[] :I* ALREADY HOLDS ! HI< PA/URE-GR\NDS ( ! ,PAMIR1 S9CE IT HAS TAK5 A FOOT+ ON ! ,TRANS-,ALAY & AB\T ,LAKE ,K>A-HUL4 ,! FACT IS1 ?AT ! RO( ( ! WORLD ALREADY BELONGS TO ! G5]ALS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,CZ>4 ,AS SOON AS ! ,RUSSIAN ,EMPIRE HAD /EPP$ 9TO ! DELTA ( ! ,AMU1 ! CONQUE/ ( ! :OLE ( ! BAS9 ( ! ,OXUS ) ITS ?9LY SCATT]$ OASES1 ) ITS POPULATIONS :I* HAVE NOT YET SUCCE$$ 9 CON/ITUT+ !MSELVES 9TO NATIONAL UNITS1 BECAME A SAID NECESSITY4 ,! M>* ON ,KHIVA ALREADY IMPLI$ ! OCCUPATION ( ,M]V2 AN7.>1 AS SOON A12 A FOOT+ WAS TAK5 ON ! EA/]N COA/ ( ! ,CASPIAN1 ! CONQUE/ ( ,GEOK-,TEPE1 ( ,M]V1 & ( ! LA/ REFUGES ( ! ,S>YKS AT ,P5J-DEH W]E UNAVOIDABLE4 ,! ADVANCE NO LONG] DEP5D$ ON ! WILL ( ! RUL]S3 IT BECAME ONE ( ?OSE NATURAL PH5OM5A :I* MU/ BE FULFILL$ SOON] OR LAT]4 ,NOT)/&+ ITS SEEM+ 9COH]5CE ITS FLOAT+ POPULATION ITS SMALL TRIBES N[ AT W> ) ONE ANO!R & TO-MORR[ ALLI$ TOGE!R = A COMMON RAID2 NOT)/&+ ! CONT9U\S W>S BETWE5 ! DES]T :I* BESIEGES ! OASIS -- ! :OLE ( ! ,/EPPE IS ONE ORGANISM4 ,! SEP>ATE P>TS >E P]HAPS /ILL MORE CLOSELY UNIT$ TOGE!R ?AN ! SETTL$ POPULATIONS ( VALLEYS SEP>AT$ BY L[ RANGES ( HILLS4 ,[+ TO ! IMPRESSIONABILITY ( ITS POPULATIONS1 ! ,/EPPE MAY REMA9 = YE>S TOGE!R AS QUIET AS AN ,5GLI% VILLAGE2 BUT SUDD5LY IT WILL BE SET ON FIRE1 BE %ATT]$ 9 ITS F>!/ UNAPPROA*ABLE P>TS1 BE COV]$ ) \TBREAKS /OPP+ ALL 9T]C\RSE = ?\S&S ( MILES4 ,AFRICAN TRAVEL]S KN[ WELL H[ RAPIDLY ! PHYSIOGNOMY ( ! DES]T *ANGES3 ! SAME IS TRUE ) ! ,C5TRAL ,ASIAN ,/EPPE4 ,ITS 9T]NAL COHESION CANNOT BE DE/ROY$ BY FRONTI]S COLOR$ ON \R MAPS4 ,?OSE :O HAVE 5T]$ ! ,/EPPE ) !IR MILIT>Y =CES HAVE NO *OICE2 EI!R !Y MU/ RETIRE IMM$IATELY1 OR !Y WILL BE COMPELL$ TO ADVANCE UNTIL !Y HAVE MET ) ! NATURAL LIMITS ( ! DES]T4 ,?IS IS ! CASE ) ,5GL& 9 ! ,S\DAN1 & SO IT IS ) ,RUSSIA4 ,%E CANNOT /OP BE=E %E HAS REA*$ ! UTMO/ LIMITS ( ! ,/EPPE 9 !  ,9DIAN ,CAUCASUS & ! ,H9DU-,KU%4  

 ,SU* IS ! OP9ION :I* A GEOGRAPH]1 :ATEV] HIS NATIONALITY1 \<T TO GIVE1 & :I* ,I %\LD GIVE1 BUT ) SADNESS ( HE>T4 ,=1 DUR+ ! YE>S ,I SP5T 9 ,EA/]N ,SIB]IA ,I WAS 5ABL$ CLOSELY TO APPRECIATE :AT ! ANOMAL\S1 MON/R\S EXT5SION ( ! FRONTI]S ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,EMPIRE MEANS = ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE4 ,ONE MU/ HAVE /AY$ 9 ONE ( \R COLONIES TO SEE1 TO FEEL1 & TO T\* ! BURD51 & ! LOSS ( /R5G? :I* ! POPULATION ( ,RUSSIA 9 ,EUROPE HAVE TO SUPPORT 9 MA9TA9+ IT MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION ON ! ABSURDLY EXT5D$ FRONTI]S ( ! ,EMPIRE2 TO RECKON ! HEAVY CO/S ( ! YE>LY EXT5SION ( ! LIMITS ( ! ,EMPIRE2 ! DEMORALIZATION :I* REPEAT$ CONQUE/S /EADILY ?R[ 9TO ! LIFE4 ,9 \R C\NTRY2 ! EXP5SE ( =CES = ASSIMILAT+ EV] NEW REGIONS ! LOSS RESULT+ FROM EMIGRATION1 AS ! BE/ ELEM5TS AB&ON !IR MO!R-C\NTRY 9/EAD ( HELP+ H] TO CONQU] A BETT] FUTURE4 ,! EXPANSION ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,EMPIRE IS A CURSE TO ! METROPOLIS4 ,WE MU/ RECOGNIZE ?AT4 ,BUT LIFE 9 \R ,ASIATIC COLONIES TEA*ES US ALSO ?AT ?IS CONT9UAL GR[? IS TAK+ ! *>ACT] ( A FATALITY3 IT CANNOT BE AVOID$2 & EV5 IF ! RUL]S ( ,RUSSIA DID NO?+ TO ACCEL]ATE IT1 IT /ILL W\LD GO ON UNTIL ! :OLE ( ! PROCESS IS FULFILL$4  

 ,( C\RSE ! EXPANSION MI<T HAVE BE5 SL[]2 IT \<T TO HAVE BE5 SL[]4 ,:5 ! ,/4 ,PET]SBURG ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,SOCIETY WAS BESIEG$ 9 #a#h#g-#g#c ) S*EMES ( EXPLORATION ( ! ,AMU BAS91 IT WAS 9 ! P[] ( ,GOV]NM5T EI!R TO FAVOR !M OR TO AB&ON !M TO !IR PROP] DE/9Y4 ,AB&ON$ TO ITSELF1 PRIVATE 9ITIATIVE W\LD HAVE DONE BUT V]Y LITTLE2 & NONE ( ! SCI5TIFIC EXP$ITIONS :I* US$ TO BE ! PRECURSORS ( MILIT>Y ADVANCE1 W\LD HAVE />T$ AT ALL W]E !Y NOT LIT]ALLY1 V]Y LIT]ALLY1 SUPPORT$ & PATRONIZ$ BY ,GOV]NM5T4 ,:ILE GEOLOGI/S1 BOTANI/S1 5G9E]S1 & A/RONOM]S CAME TO US EV]Y DAY TO (F] !MSELVES = P5ETRAT+ FUR!R & FUR!R 9TO ! ,TRANSCASPIAN REGION2 :ILE WE NAIVELY 9T]E/$ \RSELVES 9 DISCUSSIONS AB\T ! TE/IMONIES ( ,GREEK & ,P]SIAN WRIT]S AS TO ! OLD B$ ( ! ,AMU ,D>YA & PLANN$ DETAIL$ EXPLORATIONS1 ! ,GOV]NM5T  TOOK ADVANTAGE ( ?IS SCI5TIFIC GL[ = PLANN+ ITS ADVANCE 9TO ! ,TURCOMAN ,/EPPES1 NEV] REFUS+ EI!R MONEY OR ,COSSACKS & SOLDI]S TO ESCORT ! GEOGRAPH]S :O DREAM$ ( RESOLV+ ! LONG DEBAT$ QUE/ION AS  TO ! ,UZBEGS4 ,:ILE ! ,IRKUTSK GEOGRAPH]S & GEOLOGI/S W]E COMPELL$ TO  />T ) A FEW HUNDR$ RUBLES & A BROK5 B>OMET] = ! EXPLORATION ( ! GREAT UNKN[N ,SIB]IA1 ?\S&S ( RUBLES W]E IMM$IATELY VOT$ BY ALL POSSIBLE ,M9I/RIES = PU%+ =W>D ! LE>N$ PIONE]S 9TO ! ,TRANSCASPIAN4  ,?IS WILL+NESS TO SUPPORT SCI5TIFIC EXPLORATION1 PRECISELY 9 ?AT DIRECTION1 WAS OBVI\SLY ! RESULT ( A S*EME LONG AGO ELABORAT$ AT ! ,=EIGN ,(FICE = OP5+ A NEW R\TE T[>DS ! ,9DIAN FRONTI]4 ,F> FROM *ECK+ ! ADVANCE -- AS IT DOES ON ! ,MONGOLIAN FRONTI]- ! ,GOV]NM5T FAVOR$ IT BY ALL MEANS4  

 ,REC5TLY1 WE HAVE BE5 TOLD BY ! 5FANT T]RIBLE .<,SKOBELEFF.> :AT WAS ! REAL MEAN+ ( ?IS ADVANCE1 VIA ,H]AT1 TO ,CON/ANT9OPLE -- SU*1 WE >E TOLD1 IS ! WAT*WORD ( A GR\P ( ,RUSSIAN POLITICIANS2 & :5 WE CONSID] ! 5]GY & CONSCI\SNESS DISPLAY$ BY ,GOV]NM5T 9 ?AT MATT]1 9/EAD ( ! =M]LY QUITE UNSY/EMATICAL ADVANCE 9 ,C5TRAL ,ASIA WE CANNOT BUT RECOGNIZE ?AT ! ADVANCE 9 ! ,TRANSCASPIAN REGION HAS BE5 REALLY MADE ) A DET]M9$ AIM -- !  SEIZURE ( ,H]AT4 ,BUT 9 ?IS CASE1 ! ,AF<AN FRONTI] QUE/ION IS NO MORE A GEOGRAPHICAL OR E?NOGRAPHICAL QUE/ION4 ,IT IS NOT A QUE/ION ( MORE OR LESS RAPIDLY AGGREGAT+ 9TO ONE POLITICAL BODY ! LOOSE POPULATIONS SCATT]$ NOR? ( ! ',9DIAN ,CAUCASUS' & ! ,H9DU-,KU%3 IT BECOMES A POLITICAL QUE/ION1 &1 AS SU*1 AN ECONOMICAL ONE4  

 ,!RE WAS A TIME :5 SO-CALL$ NATIONAL JEAL\SIES W]E NO?+ MORE ?AN P]SONAL JEAL\SIES BETWE5 RUL]S4 ,NATIONS W]E MOV$ TO W> & ?\S&S W]E MASSACR$ TO REV5GE A P]SONAL (F5SE1 -- OR TO SATISFY ! AMBITION ( AN OMNIPOT5T RUL]4 ,BUT1 MANN]S HAVE *ANG$ N[4 ,! OMNIPOT5T DESPOTS >E DISAPPE>+1 & EV5 ! AUTOCRATS >E M]E TOYS 9 ! H&S ( !IR CAM>ILLAS :I* CAM>ILLAS H[EV] P]SONAL !IR AIMS1 /ILL SUBMIT TO SOME 9FLU5CE ( ! OP9IONS PREVAIL+ AMONG ! RUL+ CLASSES4 ,W>S >E NO LONG] DUE TO P]SONAL CAPRICES1 & /ILL !Y >E AS1 NUM]\S AS1 & MU* MORE CRUEL ?AN1 !Y =M]LY W]E4 ,! ,REPUBLICAN FAI? :I* SAID1 0,SUPPRESS P]SONAL P[]1 & Y\ WILL HAVE NO W>S10 PROV$ TO BE FALSE4 ,?US1 = 9/ANCE1 9 ! P5D+ CONFLICT BETWE5 ,5GL& & ,RUSSIA NO P]SONAL CAUSES >E AT WORK4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,CZ> 5T]TA9S P]SONALLY QUITE FRI5DLY RELATIONS ) ,5GLI% RUL]S1 & SURELY HE DREADS W> MU* MORE ?AN ANY ( HIS SOLDI]S :O W\LD HE MASSACR$ ON ! BATTLEFIELDS4 ,AS TO ! ,5GLI% ,PREMI]1 IT IS A SECRET TO NOBODY ?AT HE T5D]LY1 MU* TOO T5D]LY1 LOOKS ON ! ',CZ> ( ,ALL ! ,RUSSIAS1' & /ILL BO? C\NTRIES >E READY TO FI<T4 ,NOT1 ?AT ! EI<TY MILLIONS ( \R PEASANTS S+ V]Y W>LIKE SONGS JU/ N[1 AS !Y >E ASK+ !MSELVES H[ !Y WILL MANAGE TO KEEP BODY & S\L TOGE!R UNTIL ! NEXT H>VE/1 ! LA/ H&FUL ( FL\R ALREADY HAV+ BE5 SWEPT UP & EAT51 TOGE!R ) DU/ & /RAW4 ,NOT ?AT ! ,5GLI% M9]S OR WEAV]S1 :O ALSO ASK !MSELVES H[ TO GO ?R\< ! 9DU/RIAL CRISIS1 >E 9SPIR$ ) MU* HATR$ T[>DS ! FAM9E-/RUCK ,RUSSIAN PEASANTS4 ,BUT IT IS SO3 GUNP[D] SMELLS 9 ! AIR1 & A FEW WEEKS AGO WE W]E SO NE> FI<T+ ?AT IF WE ESCAPE FROM W>1 IT SURELY WILL BE A V]Y N>R[ ESCAPE4 ,! REASON IS V]Y PLA94 ,W>S >E NO MORE F\<T1 = P]SONAL REASONS1 /ILL LESS >E !Y OCCASION$ BY NATIONAL IDIOSYNCRASIES3 !Y >E F\<T = M>KETS4 

 ,:AT IS1 9 FACT1 ! *IEF1 ! LEAD+ PR9CIPLE ( \R PRODUCTION8 ,>E WE PRODUC+ 9 ORD] TO SATISFY ! NE$S ( ! MILLIONS ( \R [N C\NTRIES8 ,:5 LAUN*+ A NEW 5T]PRISE1 :5 CREAT+ A NEW BRAN* ( 9DU/RY1 :5 9CREAS+ AN OLD ONE1 & 9TRODUC+ !RE9 ! 0IRON SLAVES0 WE >E SO PR\D ( -- DOES ! MANUFACTUR] ASK HIMSELF :E!R HIS PRODUCE IS NE$$ BY ! PEOPLE ( HIS C\NTRY8 ,SOMETIMES  HE DOES2 BUT1 AS HE PRODUCES M]*&ISE ONLY = SELL+1 ONLY TO REALIZE C]TA9 B5EFITS ON SELL+1 HE SELDOM C>ES AB\T ! NE$S ( HIS [N C\NTRY -- HE M]ELY ASKS HIMSELF :E!R HE WILL F9D CU/OM]S 9 ANY QU>T] ( ! E>?BALL OR NOT4 ,! ,5GLI% PEOPLE NE$ SOME LESS COTTONS1 & WANT SOME *EAP] %OES-= 9/ANCE1 = ! #a#a1#e#h#e BOYS & GIRLS UND] ?IRTE5 YE>S ( AGE EMPLOY$ 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA9'S TEXTILE 9DU/RIES -- LESS VELVETE5 & SOME MORE *EAP CLO?+ = ! 9HABITANTS ( ,:ITE*APEL2 LESS F9E CUTL]Y1 & SOME MORE BREAD4   ,HIS ONLY PREOCCUPATION IS TO KN[ :E!R ! ,9DIAN1 ! ,C5TRAL ,ASIAN1 ! ,*9ESE M>KETS WILL ABSORB ! COTTONS1 ! VELVETE51 & ! CUTL]Y :I* HE WILL MANUFACTURE2 :E!R NEW M>KETS WILL BE OP5$ 9 ,AFRICA OR ,NEW ,GU9EA4 ,& ! PRODUC]S !MSELVES1 ! LABOR]S BE+ R$UC$ TO LIVE ON TW5TY1 ON FIFTE51 & EV5 TWELVE & T5 %ILL+S A WEEK = A :OLE FAMILY1 >E NO CU/OM]S = ! RI*ES PRODUC$ 9 ,5GL&2 SO ?AL ,5GLI% PRODUCE GOES 9 SE>* ( CU/OM]S EV]Y:]E3 AMONG ,RUSSIAN L&LORDS & ,9DIAN RAJAHS1 AMONG ,PAPUANS & ,PATAGONIANS1 BUT NOT AMONG ! PAUP]S ( ,:ITE*APEL1 ( ,MAN*E/]1 ( ,BIRM+HAM4 ,& ALL NATIONS ( ,EUROPE1 IMITAT+ ,5GL&1 *]I% ! SAME AMBITION4   

 ,TO PRODUCE = EXPORTATION -- SU* IS ! LA/ WORD ( \R ECONOMICAL PROGRESS1 ! WAT*WORD ( \R PSEUDO-ECONOMICAL SCI5CE4 ,! MORE A NATION EXPORTS ( MANUFACTUR$ W>E1 ! RI*] IT IS2 SO W]E WE TAU<T 9 S*OOL1 SO >E WE TOLD /ILL BY ECONOMI/S4 ,ALL ?IS1 H[EV]1 WAS V]Y WELL ) REG>D TO ,5GL& AS LONG AS ,5GL&'S MANUFACTUR+ DEVELOPM5T WAS BY A :OLE FIFTY YE>S 9 ADVANCE ( ?AT ( O!R C\NTRIES ( ,EUROPE1 & ALL M>KETS W]E OP5 TO H] PRODUCE4 ,BUT N[1 ALL O!R CIVILIZ$ C\NTRIES >E 5T]+ ! SAME L9E ( DEVELOPM5T2 !Y 5DEAVOR1 TOO1 TO PRODUCE !IR M]*&ISE = SELL+ ?R\<\T ! WORLD2 !Y ALSO PRODUCE = EXPORTATION2 &1 !RE=E1 ALL \R REC5T HI/ORY BECOMES NO?+ BUT A /EEPLE-*ASE = M>KETS1 A /RUGGLE = CU/OM]S ON :OM EA* ,EUROPEAN NATION MAY IMPOSE ! PRODUCE :I* H] [N PRODUC]S >E R5D]$ UNABLE TO PUR*ASE4 ,! 'COLONIAL POLITIES' ( LATE YE>S MEAN NO?+ MORE4 ,5GL& HAS 9 ,9DIA A COLONY TO :I* %E CAN EXPORT #b11L4 ( COTTONS1 & :5CE %E CAN EXPORT #a#a11L4 ( OPIUM1 REALIZ+ ON BO? SOME TW5TY MILLIONS ( PR(ITS4 ,NO WOND] ?AT ! RUL+ CLASSES ( ,FRANCE1 ( ,G]MANY1 & ( ,RUSSIA TRY 9 !IR TURN TO F9D ANY:]E ADVANTAGE\S CU/OM]S1 ?AT !Y 5DEAVOR TO  !IR [N MANUFACTURES1 ALSO = EXPORT+ -- NO MATT] ?AT !IR [N1 PEOPLE MAY GO B>EFOOT1 OR />VE = WANT ( A ,MEHLSUPPE OR ( BLACK BREAD4  ,RUSSIA IS N[ BEG9N+ TO 5T] ON ! SAME ROAD4 ,H] MANUFACTURES BE+ NOT YET SUFFICI5TLY DEVELOP$1 %E EXPORTS ! CORN TAK5 FROM ! MON?S ( H] PEASANTS4 ,:5 ! TAX-GA!R] COMES1 \R PEASANT IS COMPELL$ TO SELL SO MU* ( HIS H>VE/ ?AT ! REMA9D] H>DLY DO TO GIVE HIM A SCANTY ALL[ANCE ( BLACK BREAD = N9E MON?S \T1 ( TWELVE1 WE WILL MIX GRASS1 /RAW1 & B>K ) HIS FL\R2 EA* SPR+ ONE-?IRD ( \R PROV9CES WILL BE ON ! V]GE ( />VATION2 BUT ! EXPORTS WILL RISE1 & ! ECONOMI/S WILL APPLAUD ! RAPID ECONOMICAL DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,NOR!RN 0,EMPIRE02 !Y WILL =ETELL ! TIME :5 ! PEASANTS1 ,I HAV+ BE5 LIB]AT$ FROM ! BURD5 ( L&1 WILL GA!R 9 T[NS & FE$ ! EV]-GR[+ MANUFACTURES2 :5 ,RUSSIAN M]*ANTS ALSO WILL S5D !IR /EAM]S ON ! OCEANS 9 SE>* ( CU/OM]-1 & GOOD PR(ITS4 ,A NEW MI<TY RUNN] JO9S ?US ! /EEPLE-*ASE = M>KETS & COLONIES4 

 ,( C\RSE WE MAY =ESEE ?AT ?IS ANOMAL\S ORGANIZATION ( 9DU/RY1 BE+ NOT A PHYSICAL NECESSITY1 BUT ! RESULT ( A WRONG DIRECTION TAK5 BY PRODUCTION1 CANNOT LA/ =EV]4 ,ALREADY WE HE> VOICES RAIS$ AGA9/ ?IS ANOMALY4 ,WE BEG9 TO P]CEIVE ?AT1 NOT TO SPEAK ( C\NTRIES SO ?9LY PEOPL$ AS ,RUSSIA IS1 EV5 !1 ,UNIT$ ,K+DOM ) ITS #c 9HABITANTS P] SQU>E MILE1 C\LD YIELD = ! :OLE ( ITS POPULATION ! NECESS>Y AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE1 & GIVE !M1 TOGE!R ) A HEAL?Y OCCUPATION1 A WEAL? NOT TO BE COMP>$ ) ! ACTUAL POV]TY ( ! MILLIONS4 ,ALREADY ,BELGIUM NE>LY N\RI%ES H] #aig 9HABITANTS P] SQU>E MILE ) H] [N PRODUCE1 & NE$S TO ADD TO H] [N YE>LY CROPS BUT ONE TW5TIE? ( !IR AM\NT1 IMPORT$ FROM O!R C\NTRIES4 ,YET ,BELGIAN AGRICULTURE IS /ILL V]Y F> FROM ! PIT* :I* MI<T BE REA*$1 EV5 UND] ! PRES5T CONDITIONS ( AGRICULTURAL KN[L$GE1 NOT TO SPEAK ( FUR!R IMPROVEM5TS4 ,?OSE >E SURELY NOT F> FROM ! TRU? :O SAY ?AT1 IF ALL ,GREAT ,BRITA9 W]E SO CULTIVAT$ AS SOME ( H] E/ATES >E1 IF ALL AMELIORATIONS ( H] MA*9]Y W]E EMPLOY$1 NOT = WEAV+ COTTONS = ! E>?BALL1 BUT 9 PRODUC+ :AT IS NECESS>Y TO H] [N PEOPLE1 %E W\LD GIVE TO ALL H] *ILDR5 WEAL? SU* AS ONLY ! FEW MAY N[ DREAM (4 ,! TIME WILL COME :5 IT WILL BE UND]/OOD ?AT A NATION :I* LIVES ON H] COLONIES & ON =EIGN TRADE IS SUBJECT TO DECL9E1 LIKE ,SPA9 & ,HOLL&1 & :5 APPLY+ !IR EXP]I5CE1 !IR 9DU/RY1 !IR G5IUS TO ! B5EFIT ( !IR [N PEOPLE1 ! CIVILIZ$ NATIONS ( ,EUROPE WILL NO MORE CONSID] ! ,F> ,EA/ & ,WE/ AS 0M>KETS10 BUT AS FIELDS = DIFFUS+ ! TRITE PR9CIPLES ( HUMANITY & CIVILIZATION4  

 ,BUT WE >E /ILL 9 ?AT P]IOD :5 MANUFACTUR+ = EXPORTATION IS CONSID]$ ! ONLY MEANS ( GIV+ WEAL? TO A C\NTRY1 & ,RUSSIA'S RIS+ 9DU/RY FOLL[S ! EXAMPLE IT HAS 9 ITS PR$ECESSORS4  ,H] MANUFACTURES >E RAPIDLY DEVELOP+1 &1 NOT)/&+ MANY OB/ACLES1 H] EXPORTS >E /EADILY 9CREAS+4 ,A FREE ISSUE TO ! OCEAN BECOMES A NECESSITY UND] !SE CONDITIONS2 BUT ?IS \TLET 9 PRECISELY :AT FAILS TO ! Y\NG COMPETITOR4 ,! \TLET ( ! ,BALTIC MAY BE %UT UP AT A MOM5T'S NOTICE1 & ?AT ( ! ,BLACK ,SEA DEP5DS ON ! GOOD-WILL ( ?OSE :O WILL RULE AT ,CON/ANT9OPLE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ,S\!RN ,RUSSIA IS DAILY ACQUIR+ MORE & MORE IMPORTANCE1 NOT ONLY 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ! RI*NESS ( ! SOIL & ! RAPID GR[? ( POPULATION1 BUT1 ALSO ON ACC\NT ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( 9DU/RY4 ,! COMM]CIAL & 9DU/RIAL C5T] (' GRAVITY ( ,RUSSIA SL[LY MOVE T[>DS ! S\?2 BUT ?IS S\? HAS NO \TLET TO ! OCEAN4 ,UND] MORE NORMAL CONDITIONS ! CIRCUM/ANCE W\LD BE ( NO MOM5T1 ?\< 9 =EIGN H&S ! ,BOSPHORUS /ILL W\LD REMA9 OP5 TO PACIFIC NAVIGATORS4 ,BUT ) ! ACTUAL NONS5SICAL COMPETITION = M>KETS1 ! WANT ( A FREE ISSUE BECOMES A REAL DANG]4 ,& IT IS OBVI\S ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN ,EMPIRE WILL NEV] CEASE TO /RUGGLE TO CONQU] ! \TLET IT IS 9 NE$ (4 ,IT WILL RECOIL BE=E NO SACRIFICES1 NO DIFFICULTIES4 ,IT IS ALREADY PLANN+ TO REA* ?IS ISSUE ?R\< ,ASIA ,M9OR1 P]HAPS ?R\< ! VALLEY ,( ! ,TIGRIS & ,EUPHRATES2 IT WILL BLE$ ITSELF NI< TO DEA?1 BUT IT WILL /ILL 5DEAVOR TO REA* ITS AIM3 & !RE WILL BE NO PEACE 9 ,EUROPE & ,ASIA UNTIL ! PROBLEM HAS BE5 SOLV$ IT1 ONE WAY OR ANO!R4  

 ,?REE TIMES DUR+ \R C5TURY 9 #a#h#b#h1 #a#h#e#c1 & #ahgg ,RUSSIAN /ATESM5 HAVE TRI$ ! DIRECT1 WAY -- ?AT ( CONQU]+ ! ,BALKAN ,P59SULA4 ,HAPPILY 5\< = CIVILIZATION1 !Y HAVE NOT YET SUCCE$$2 BUT IT MU/ BE ACKN[L$G$ ?AT1 IF !Y FAIL$1 IT WAS NOT ON ACC\NT ( ! OB/ACLES PUT 9 !IR WAY BY ,5GLI% DIPLOMATI/S4  ,!SE LA/1 TO SPEAK FRANKLY1 HAVE BE5 V]Y AWKW>D4 ,LORD ,BEACONSFIELD F\ND NO?+ BETT] TO OPPOSE TO ,RUSSIAN ADVANCE ?AN ! DIS9TEGRAT+ BODY ( ! ,TURKI% ,EMPIRE1 OR SO FANTA/IC A S*EME-AT LEA/ IT IS ATTRIBUT$ TO HIM -- AS ?AT ( UNIT+ ,TURKEY1 ,P]SIA1 & ,AF<ANI/AN 9TO A COMMON ACTION6 ,AS TO ! ,LIB]AL ,M9I/RY1 !Y PATRONIZ$ ! ,RUSSIAN ,CZ> DUR+ ! W> & OPPOS$ HIM ONLY :5 HIS DECIMAT$ >MIES W]E UNABLE TO MOVE F>!R4 ,! ,LIB]AL ,M9I/RY CAME 9TO P[]1 TO SOME EXT5T1 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ! SYMPA?IES ) ! REVOLT$ & MASSACR$ ,SLAVONIANS :I* W]E AWAK5$ 9 ! PEOPLE ( ,5GL&4 ,BUT ! ,SELAVONIANS W]E =GOTT5 AS SOON AS ,MR4 ,GLAD/ONE WAS 9 (FICE4 ,OBEY+ ! 9FLU5CES :I* REPRES5T$ TO HIM ! ,RUSSIAN ,CZ> AS A LIB]ATOR1 HE CONF\ND$ ! CAUSE ( ! ,SELAVONIANS ) ?AT ( ! ,MOSC[ MANUFACTUR]S & ,/4 ,PET]SBURG DIPLOMATI/S2 AS TO ! ,S]VIANS .<,S]BIANS.>1 ! ,BULG>IANS1 ! ,BOSNIANS1 & ! ,H]ZEGOV9IANS !Y W]E H&$ OV]1 MANACL$1 TO ,RUSSIAN DESPOTISM & ,AU/RO-,HUNG>IAN ,MILIT>ISM4 ,NEI!R ,CONS]VATIVES NOR ,LIB]ALS P]CEIV$ ! ONLY RI<T WAY ( PREV5T+ ONCE = ALL ANY FUR!R ATTEMPT ( ,RUSSIA1 & ( ,AU/RIA TOO1 ON ! ,BALKAN ,P59SULA3 ?AT ( RECOGNIZ+ ! RI<TS ( ! ,S\? ,SELAVONIANS TO 9DEP5D5CE1 ?AT ( HELP+ !M TO CONQU] IT1 ?AT ( OPPOS+ TO ,RUSSIAN AUTOCRATS -- A ,S\? ,SELAVONIC ,F$]ATION4 ,NEI!R ,FRANCE NOR ,5GL& UND]/OOD AT ?AT TIME ?AT A ,S\? ,SELAVONIC ,F$]ATION W\LD BE ! BE/ DAM AGA9/ ,RUSSIAN & ,AU/RIAN 5CROA*M5TS2 ?AT IF ! ,S]VIANS & ! ,BULG>IANS ACCEPT$ ,RUSSIAN 9T]V5TION SURELY IT WAS NOT FROM M]E   SYMPA?Y3 !Y W\LD HAVE SOLD !MSELVES TO ! DEVIL HIMSELF1 PROVID$ HE W\LD PROMISE TO FREE !M FROM ! ,TURKI% YOKE4 ,ONCE FREE1 !Y -- W\LD C>E IS LITTLE AB\T ,RUSSIAN PROTECTION AS AB\T ,TURKI% RULE4 ,BUT AP>T FROM A FEW W> CORRESPOND5TS1 :O C>$ 9 ,5GL& AB\T ,SELAVONIANS8   

 ,!RE=E1 EV5 ! P>TIAL SUCCESS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,EMPIRE DUR+ ! LA/ W> BR\<T AB\T SU* SAD CONSEQU5CES ?AT SEV]AL G5]ATIONS WILL H>DLY REPAIR ! EVIL ALREADY DONE4 ,! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE GAVE ! LIVES ( !IR BE/ *ILDR5 TO HELP ! OPPRESS$ ,BULG>IANS1& !Y SUCCE$$ ONLY 9 GIV+ !M NEW OPPRESSORS WORSE ?AN ! =M]4 ,! 9T]V5TION ( ! ,RUSSIAN AUTOCRACY 9 ,S]VIA1 ITS RULE 9 ,BULG>IA1 HAVE KILL$ 9 ! BUD ALL ! EXCELL5T G]MS ( HEAL?Y DEVELOPM5T :I* W]E GR[+ UP 9 ,S]VIA1 & EV5 9 ,BULG>IA1 BE=E ! W>4 ,IT HAS LI<T$ UP 9T]NAL W>1 IT HAS OP5$ AN ]A ( 9T]NAL DISCORDS1 :I* WILL NOT BE PACIFI$ = TW5TY OR FIFTY YE>S4 ,! HE>T BLE$S :5 ONE LE>NS :AT IT2 N[ GO+ ON 9 ,S]VIA1 S9CE ,RUSSIAN G5]ALS1 9SPIRE ! ,C\RT & DIPLOMATI/S /RUGGLE = '9FLU5CE4' ,WILL IT !N NEV] HE UND]/OOD 9 ,EUROPE ?AT ! ONLY WAY ,( RESOLV+ 0! ,EA/]N QUE/ION0 IS TO GU>ANTEE A ,S\? ,SELAVONIC ,F$]ATION A FREE LIFE8  ,AS TO ! QUE/ION ( A FREE ISSUE = ,RUSSIAN M]*ANTS1 ,IT IS QUITE DIFF]5T FRONT ?AT ( KEEP+ ,CON/ANT9OPLE1 & ! =M] CAN BE1 RESOLV$ )\T 5DANG]+ ANYBODY'S LIB]TY 9 ,EUROPE4  

 ,& N[1 TO RETURN TO ,AF<ANI/AN4 ,AFT] HAV+ SAID SO MU* AB\T ,EUROPEAN 9T]E/S1 IS IT NOT TIME TO SAY A FEW WORDS1 AT LEA/1 AB\T ! 9T]E/S ( ! ,MOHAMM$AN POPULATION ( ,C5TRAL ,ASIA & ( ! #b#e11 9HABITANTS ( ,BRITI% ,9DIA1 = ! POSSESSION ( :OM WE >E SO READY TO FI<T8 ,SURELY ! LOOSE AGGREGATIONS ( ,C5TRAL ,ASIA WILL F9ALLY FALL UND] ,! 9FLU5CE OR ! RULE1 ( SOME ,EUROPEAN ,P[]4 ,BUT1 AT ! RISK ( %OCK+ SOME ( MY READ]S1 ,I MU/ AV[ ?AT IT SEEMS TO ME MO/ DESIRABLE TO SEE !M REMA9 AS !Y >E1 FREE ( ?AT 9FLU5CE1 AS LONG AS POSSIBLE -- UNTIL ! ,EUROPEANS1 MORE CIVILIZ$ !MSELVES1 WILL BE ABLE TO COME TO !M1 NOT AS CONQU]ORS1 BUT AS ELD] BRE?R51 MORE 9/RUCT$ & READY TO HELP !M BY WORD & DE$ TO AMELIORATE !IR CONDITION4 ,TWO YE>S AGO ! B5EFITS ( ,RUSSIAN 'CIVILIZATION' W]E ABLY 5UM]AT$ BE=E ! ,LONDON ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,SOCIETY1 & ! FACT WAS DWELT UPON ?AT ,RUSSIA HAD LIB]AT$ SLAVES :]EV] !Y W]E F\ND4 ,! /ATEM5T IS QUITE TRUE1 & WE HAVE GOOD REASON TO BELIEVE ,M4 ,PETRUSEVIT* :5 HE SAYS ?AT ! SLAVES 9 ! ,TURCOMAN ,/EPPES IMM$IATELY LEFT !IR MA/]S -- AS SOON AS A ,RUSSIAN TRAVEL] MADE HIS APPE>ANCE4 ,SURELY ! LIB]ATION ( SLAVES IS A GREAT PROGRESS1 BUT ALL IS NOT YET DONE BY SAY+ TO A SLAVE1 ,I,Y\ >E FREE2 GO AWAY2' = ! ?US LIB]AT$ PRISON] WILL RETURN TO HIS =M] OR TO ANO!R MA/] IF HE HAS NO?+ TO EAT4 ,LET ANY ONE READ ! ELABORATE WORK PUBLI%$ BY ! ,TIFLIS ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,SOCIETY ON ! LIB]ATION ( SLAVES 9 ! ,CAUCASUS1 & HE WILL SEE H[ ! ,RUSSIAN ,GOV]NM5T HAS ACCOMPLI%$ IT2 & WE HAVE NO REASON TO SUPPOSE ?AT IT HAS BE5 ACCOMPLI%$ BETT]   9  ,C5TRAL  ,ASIA4  

 ,AS TO ! AGR>IAN RELATIONS1 P]HAPS NO:]E 9 ,EUROPE HAVE !Y ! SAME IMPORTANCE AS 9 ,C5TRAL ,ASIA1 ON ACC\NT1 ( ! NECESSITIES ( COOP]ATIVE WORK & COMMON AGREEM5T = ! DIGG+ \T & UTILIZATION ,( IRRIGATION-CANALS 9 SU* C\NTRIES1 ! SLI<TE/ ]ROR ( ! ADM9I/RATION 9 AGR>IAN CONTE/S MAY ,LAVE1 & (T5 HAS HAD ON ! ,CAUCASUS & 9 ,RUSSIAN ,TURKI/AN1 C\NTLESS CONSEQU5CES2 A SIMPLE ]ROR1 A CONFIRMATION ( SUPPOS$ RI<TS1 TURNS ! RI* G>D5 9TO A DES]T4 ,ALL ,EUROPEAN ADM9I/RATIONS >E LIABLE TO SU* ]RORS AS SOON AS !Y COME 9TO CONTACT ) ! ,MOHAMM$AN AGR>IAN LAW1 & !IR CONSEQU5CES >E TOO WELL KN[N ) REG>D TO ,9DIA TO DWELL UPON4 ,TRUE ?AT1 AS A RULE1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,ADM9I/RATION1 FAMILI>IZ$ AT HOME ) VILLAGE COMMUNITIES1 DOES NOT 9T]F]E MU* ) AGR>IAN QUE/IONS AMONG ! ,MOHAMM$AN POPULATION :I* FALLS UND] ITS RULE4 ,BUT ! DIRECTION PREVAIL+ AT ,/4 ,PET]SBURG ) REG>D TO AGR>IAN QUE/IONS IS CONT9UALLY *ANG+4 ,= T5 YE>S ! ,/4 ,PET]SBURG RUL]S MAY FAVOR SELF-GOV]NM5T 9 VILLAGES1 !Y MAY TAKE ! VILLAGE COMMUNITIES UND] !IR PROTECTION2 BUT = ! NEXT TW5TY YE>S !Y WILL AB&ON ! PEASANTS2 !Y WILL RELY 9 ! NEWLY-CONQU]$ REGION1 UPON AN >I/OCRACY !Y WILL TRY TO CREATE AT ! EXP5SE ( ! LABOR]4  ,! HI/ORY ( ! ,CAUCASUS IS NO?+ BUT1 A S]IES ( SU* OSCILLATIONS1 :I* RESULT$ 9 ! GR[? ( ! ,KAB>DIAN FEUDAL SY/EM & VILE S]VITUDE ( ! ,OSSETIANS4  

 ,9 ,RUSSIAN ,TURKI/AN1 TOO1 ! RECKLESS CONFIRMATION ( IMAG9>Y RI<TS 9 L& :I* WAS C>RI$ ON ON A GREAT SCALE AT ! BEG9N+ 7WE DO NOT KN[ IF IT CONT9UES7 5DANG]$ ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( ! ,UZBEG VILLAGES4 ,& ONE CANNOT1 BUT REMEMB]1 :5 SPEAK+ ON ?IS SUBJECT   ! SC&AL\S ROBB]Y ( ,BA%KIR L&S :I* WAS C>RI$ ON = YE>S AT ,OR5BURG & BECAME KN[N ONLY :5 ! ,BA%KIR PEOPLE W]E DEPRIV$ ( !IR MEANS ( EXI/5CE4 ,( C\RSE1 ! CRUELTIES ( A KHAN AT ,KHIVA1 OR ( A ,P]SIAN %AH1 WILL NOT BE REPEAT$ UND] ,RUSSIAN RULE2 BUT ! CREATION ( A ,TURCOMAN1 A ,KHIVAN1 & A ,BOKH>IAN >I/OCRACY1 ADD+ ! TEMPTATIONS ( ,EUROPEAN LUXURY TO ,ASIATIC POMP1 SURELY WILL BE A MU* GREAT] EVIL = ! ,C5TRAL-,ASIAN LABOR]S ?AN ! ATROCITIES ( A KHAN4 ,) REG>D TO ,RUSSIAN ADM9I/RATION ITSELF ITSELF1 WE MU/ C]TA9LY ADMIT1 ?AT DUR+ ! FIR/ YE>S AFT] A CONQUE/ ! *OICE ( ADM9I/RATORS IS NOT V]Y BAD2 BUT AS TIME GOES ON & ALL 5T]S 9TO SMOO? WAT] ONE WILL BE P]PLEX$ TO MAKE HIS *OICE BETWE5 !M2 & ! (FICIALS ( A KHAN4 ,F9ALLY1 ! TIME IS NOT F> (F :5 ,RUSSIA WILL S5D TO ,C5TRAL ,ASIA H] M]*ANTS1 :O WILL RU9 :OLE POPULATIONS1 ( :I* WE MAY SEE PL5TY ( PRO(S 9 ,SIB]IA1 & NOT ONLY 9 ,SIB]IA1 BUT ALSO EV]Y:]E ELSE :]E ,EUROPEANS HAVE MADE !IR APPE>ANCE4  

 ,& :AT1 ON ! O!R SIDE1 C\LD ,5GL& GIVE8 ,IT IS TIME1 QUITE TIME1 TO CEASE REPEAT+ L\D WORDS AB\T CIVILIZATION & PROGRESS1 & CLOSELY TO EXAM9E :AT ,BRITI% RULE HAS DONE 9 ,9DIA4 ,PROGRESS IS NOT MEASUR$ BY ! L5G?S ( RAILWAYS & ! BU%ELS ( CORN EXPORT$4 ,IT IS TIME TO EXAM9E :AT ! CREATION ( ! CLASS ( ZAM9D>S1 FOLL[$ BY ! SUB-9FEUDATION & SUBDIVISION ( RI<TS1 :I* IS SO WELL DESCRIB$ BY ,SIR ,JOHN ,PHE>1 HAS PRODUC$ 9 ,B5GAL4 ,IT IS TIME TO ASK \RSELVES :E!R ! MILLIONS ( ,B5GAL HAVE1 EA* ( !M1 EV5 ! H&FUL ( RICE !Y NE$ TO  LIVE UPON4 ,IT IS NOT 5\< TO ADMIRE AT ! ,9DIAN ,MUSEUM 9 ,LONDON ! IVORY *AIRS & *ESS-BO>DS BR\<T FROM ,9DIA BY ,MR4 ,A4 & ,MR4 ,B41 & EA* PIECE ( :I* REPRES5TS A HUMAN LIFE4 ,IT IS TIME ?AT ! ,5GLI% PEOPLE %\LD CONSID] & M$ITATE OV] ! MODEL ( AN ,9DIAN BAZA> EXHIBIT$ AT ! SAME ,MUSEUM1 & ASK !MSELVES H[ IT HAPP5S ?AT1 ! 9CR$IBLE RI*ES EXHIBIT$ 9 ! ROOMS W]E BR\<T AB\T BY ! SAME NAK$ & />V+ PEOPLE :O >E REPRES5T$ 9 ! BAZA> >\ND A WOMAN :OSE :OLE TRAD+-/OCK CONSI/S ( A FEW H&FULS ( RICE 9 A B[L4 ,P]HAPS !Y WILL DISCOV] ?AT ! V]Y ORIG9 ( ! ABOVE RI*ES MU/ LIE S\<T = 9 ! NAK$NESS ( ! />V+ HUMAN FIGURES :OSE PORTRAITS W]E EXHIBIT$ 9 #ahgg AT ! DOORS ( ! ,MANSION ,H\SE4 ,& P]HAPS !Y WILL AGREE !N ?AT1 BE=E C>RY+ \R PRES5T CIVILIZATION TO ,C5TRAL ,ASIA & ,9DIA1 WE MI<T DO BETT] TO C>RY IT TO ! SAVAGES :O 9HABIT ! D5-HOLES ( ,MOSC[ & ,:ITE*APEL4  

7,S\RCE3 ,! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY3 ,A ,MON?LY ,REVIEW47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

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