,! ,BIOLOGICAL ,CAUSE & ,PREV5TION ( ,W> 
,ESSAY 9 ,SCI5TIFIC ,PACIFISM 

#aibe 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MANUEL ,DEVALDES 

,TEXT 3 

,BE=E BE+ ABLE TO USEFULLY OCCUPY ONESELF ) COMBAT+ AN EVIL1 ONE MU/ KN[ ITS CAUSE4 

,?US1 SEEK+ ! PRIM>Y CAUSE ( W> IS ! FIR/ /EP 9 PREV5T+ IT4 

,SO IF WE GO BACK OV] ! *A9 ( CAUSES & EFFECTS SCI5TIFICALLY ?AT RESULT 9 ! \TBREAK ( A W> WE F9ALLY F9D A PRIMORDIAL CAUSE FROM :I* ALL O!RS FL[3 OV]POPULATION1 I4E41 ! EXCESS ( POPULATION 9 ONE OR SEV]AL T]RITORIES1 EA* SUBJECT TO A DIFF]5T NATIONAL SOLID>ITY4 

,UND]TAK+ 9 ?IS WAY AN 9VE/IGATION ( ! CAUSES ( W>S1 WORK+ BACK FROM ! F9AL PHYSICAL CAUSE TO ! ORIG9AL1 NATURAL CAUSE & LOGICALLY DRAW+ A PREV5TIVE SY/EM FROM IT1 IS :AT ,I CALL 0SCI5TIFIC PACIFISM0 7IT IS ONLY AFT] DO+ ?IS ?AT ONE CAN 9DULGE 9 METAPHYSICAL DIVAGATIONS74 ,?IS IS 9 OPPOSITION TO ! PACIFISM ( S5TIM5TAL OR MY/ICAL PACIFI/S1 :O ?9K ?AT !Y WILL TRANS=M !IR WI%ES 9TO REALITIES ) BEAUTIFUL & NOBLE WORDS4 ,?IS IS ALSO 9 OPPOSITION TO ! PACIFISM ( 9COMPLETE PACIFI/S :O1 :ILE BE+ ANIMAT$ BY A SPIRIT MORE REALI/ ?AN ?OSE PREVI\SLY M5TION$1 /OP AT A C]TA9 PO9T 9 !IR SE>* = ! CAUSES ( W>4 

,UN=TUNATELY1 UNTIL N[ !RE HAVE BE5 FEW SCI5TIFIC PACIFI/S :O HAVE NOT$ OR ADMITT$ ! EXI/5CE ( OV]POPULATION AS ! PRIM>Y CAUSE ( W>4 

,! O!RS1 M5 ( GOOD WILL1 ?\< 9SUFFICI5TLY 5LI<T5$1 BY ATTRIBUT+ AN EXCLUSIVE OR EXAGG]AT$ IMPORTANCE TO SECOND>Y FACTS1 H9D] RA!R ?AN ACCEL]ATE ! SOLUTION TO ! PROBLEM ( UNIV]SAL PEACE4 ,= EXAMPLE1 !Y ACC\NT = ! EVIL ( W> BY ! NATURAL PUGNACITY ( MAN1 I4E41 HIS COMBATIVE 9/9CT2 BY HIS CONTEMPT = ! LIVES ( O!RS1 I4E41 A VULG> & POORLY UND]/OOD EGOISM2 BY ! PATRIOTIC S5TIM5T1 BY NATIONALI/ DOCTR9ES1 BY ! AU?ORIT>IAN BASIS ( SOCIETY1 BY ! CAPITALI/ REGIME1 ETC4 FACTORS :I* C]TA9LY CONTRIBUTE TO A GREAT] OR LESS] EXT5T TO ! BLOSSOM+ ( W>1 BUT NONE ( :I* >E ! FUNDAM5TAL CAUSE4 

,! LACK ( UND]/&+ IS EV5 WORSE IF WE TAKE SIMPLE S\LS 9TO CONSID]ATION4 ,!Y TAKE APP>5T & SUP]FICIAL CAUSES ( W>S = !IR REAL CAUSES4 ,AN EXAMPLE3 ,! W> ?AT RESULT$ 9 ! CONQUE/ ( ,ALG]IA BY ,FRANCE WAS DECL>$ FOLL[+ A BL[ ) A FAN DELIV]$ TO ! ,FR5* CONSUL BY ! DEY ( ,ALGI]S4 ,!RE >E ?OSE :O BELIEVE ?AT ?IS WAS ! CAUSE ( ?AT W> & ?AT IF ,FRANCE TOOK CONTROL ( ,ALG]IA IT WAS TO PUNI% ! DEY4 ,HI/ORY AS IT IS TAU<T 9 S*OOLS IS A ME?OD = 9CULCAT+ SIMIL> IDEAS ON ! CAUSES ( PA/ W>S4 ,BUT :AT CLE>-SI<T$ MAN DOESN'T REALIZE ?AT ?IS 9SULT1 LIKELY PROVOK$1 WAS ONLY ! PRETEXT & ! OCCASION = ! DECL>ATION ( W>1 & ?AT ! WI% TO CONV]T ,ALG]IA 9TO A COLONY WAS ! REAL REASON8 

,! REASON GIV5 BY ,PASCAL 9 A FAM\S WITTICISM DOES LITTLE MORE TO EXPLA9 ! TRUE CAUSE ( W>3 0,:Y DO Y\ WANT TO KILL ?AT MAN80 -- 0,HE IS MY 5EMY3 HE LIVES ON ! O!R SIDE ( ! RIV]40 ,9 TRU?1 ?IS IS A V]Y SUP]FICIAL REASON4 ,! POT5TIAL HATR$ BETWE5 TWO PEOPLES IS ! CONSEQU5CE ( SOME?+ O!R ?AN ! GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION ( !IR C\NTRIES4 

,:O ?9KS ?AT ! ,S>AJEVO AFFAIR WAS ! REAL CAUSE ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I8 ,IT WAS A MOM5T 9 TIME :I* IT IS CONV5I5T TO /AKE AS ! />T+ PO9T 9 WRIT+ A HI/ORY ( ?AT W>1 BUT A SIMPLE EXAM9ATION ( ! REASONS = ! ASSASS9ATION ( ! ,>*DUKE ( ,AU/RIA %[S ?AT ?AT EV5T WAS ! EFFECT ( ! RIVALRY BETWE5 A ,G]MANIC & A ,SLAVIC NATION 9 ! ,BALKANS1 A PRIM>Y RIVALRY :I*1 ONCE RESOLV$ 9 W>1 DRAGG$ 9 O!R RIVALRIES4 ,& :AT W]E ! REASONS = !SE RIVALRIES8 ,ECONOMIC REASONS1 OBVI\SLY3 !SE NO LONG] NE$ BE PROV$4 ,& IT IS H]E ?AT ! MO/ ADVANC$ ( 9COMPLETE PACIFI/S ,I SPOKE ( ABOVE /OP4 

,BUT ECONOMIC RIVALRY DOES NO?+ BUT TRANSLATE ! ANTAGONISMS 9 ! VITAL NE$S ( PEOPLES4 ,BEH9D ! ECONOMIC FACT !RE LIES ! BIOLOGICAL FACT3 ! REPRODUCTION & MULTIPLICATION ( HUMANS & !IR NE$ = FOOD4 

,BEH9D ,WORLD ,W> ,I !RE LAY ,EUROPEAN OV]POPULATION4 

,! ,S>AJEVO AFFAIR WAS ! PU% ?AT SET 9 MOTION A MA*9E ?AT WAS READY TO ROLL4 

,WE C\LD PROCE$ TO AN ANALYSIS ( ! DET]M9ISM ( ALL W>S4 ,WE W\LD FIR/ DISCOV] 9 !M ! ECONOMIC REASONS1 & !N ! BIOLOGICAL ONES4 ,& F9ALLY WE W\LD F9D ! PH5OM5ON ( OV]POPULATION AS ! PRIMORDIAL CAUSE ( W>4 

,:AT !N IS OV]POPULATION8 

,BE=E GIV+ ! DEF9ITION ,I MU/ SAY A FEW WORDS ON ?AT NATURAL LAW ?AT IS CALL$ ! LAW ( POPULATION OR ,MAL?US' ,LAW1 FROM ! ECONOMI/ :O DISCOV]$ & =MULAT$ IT4 

,IT CONSI/S 9 ?IS3 ?AT ! POPULATION1 IF NO OB/ACLE PREV5TS IT1 9DEF9ITELY 9CREASES GEOMETRICALLY1 :ILE ! QUANTITY ( SUBSI/5CE GOODS ?AT A GIV5 AM\NT ( L& CAN PRODUCE IS NECESS>ILY LIMIT$4 ,9 ORD] TO MAKE CLE>] ! CONTRA/ ?AT EXI/S BETWE5 ! PR9CIPLES ( REPRODUCTION ( HUMANS & ?AT ( ! PRODUCTION ( !IR FOOD/UFFS1 ,MAL?US SAID ?AT PRODUCE CAN ONLY 9CREASE >I?METICALLY4 ,! 9CREASE 9 SUBSI/5CE GOODS CAN NO LONG] BE SO RIGOR\SLY CALCULAT$1 BECAUSE ( ! APPLICATION ( SCI5CE TO AGRICULTURE1 BUT ?IS HAS V]Y LITTLE IMPORTANCE & HAS NO 9FLU5CE ON ! TRU? ( ! LAW ( POPULATION1 :OSE =MULA IS ! FOLL[+3 ,! POPULATION HAS A CONSI/5T T5D5CY TO GR[ BEYOND ! MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE4 

,SO !RE IS1 9 PR9CIPLE1 A NATURAL DISEQUILIBRIUM BETWE5 ! REPRODUCTION ( HUMANS & ! PRODUCTION ( !IR FOOD/UFFS4 

,NEV]!LESS1 9 ! 5D A RELATIVE EQUILIBRIUM E/ABLI%ES ITSELF AS BE/ IT CAN BY MEANS ( :AT ,MAL?US CALL$ BRAKES TO POPULATION4 ,!Y CAN OCCUR 9 A WAY FAVORABLE TO MAN1 BUT UNTIL N[ IT IS 9 AN UNFAVORABLE WAY ?AT ?IS HAS OCCURR$1 I4E41 ?IS EQUILIBRIUM HAS UNTIL N[ BE5 MORE APP>5T ?AN REAL4 

,MAL?US DI/+UI%$ TWO K9DS ( BRAKES3 FIR/1 ! PREV5TIVE 7CELIBACY & CONT95CE7 :I* HE CONSID]$ GOOD BECAUSE ACCORD+ TO HIM !Y W]E MORAL1 & PRO/ITUTION & PROCREATIVE PRUD5CE1 :I* HE CONSID]$ EVIL1 BECAUSE ACCORD+ TO HIM !Y W]E IMMORAL2 SECOND1 ! REPRESSIVE 7ALL ! CAUSES ( PREMATURE DEA?74 

,IF WE P>T FROM ,MAL?US 9 HIS APPRECIATION & CLASSIFICATION ( BRAKES -- AS ,I P]SONALLY DO -- IT IS BECAUSE !Y NO LONG] CORRESPOND TO ! SCI5TIFIC WISDOM & E?ICS ( \R TIMES4 ,WE CAN SAY ?AT !RE EXI/S BUT ONE PREV5TIVE BRAKE1 BECAUSE !RE IS ONLY ONE ?AT IS ADMISSIBLE3 PROCREATIVE PRUD5CE1 OR ! LIMITATION ( BIR?S1 :ILE !RE EXI/ MANY PREV5TIVE BRAKES1 ALL ( :I* CAN BE DET]M9$4 ,! PREV5TIVE BRAKE PROCURES AN EQUILIBRIUM ( WEAL? & HAPP9ESS2 ! REPRESSIVE BRAKES GIVE AN EQUILIBRIUM ( MIS]Y3 POV]TY & SUFF]+4 

,! PREV5TIVE BRAKE1 ?AT :I* =ESI<T$ HUMANS C>RY \T 9 ORD] TO AVOID ! >RIVAL ( NEW BE+S :OSE FOOD IS NOT ASSUR$1 IS ( FUNDAM5TAL IMPORTANCE 9 ! PREV5TION ( W>4 ,BUT ! =ESI<T$ >E A T9Y M9ORITY ( HUMANITY1 & SO W> RAGES FREQU5TLY4 

,! REPRESSIVE BRAKES >E ?OSE US$ BY NATURE :5 MAN FAILS TO PUT 9TO EFFECT ! PREV5TIVE BRAKE4 ,& AMONG !M CAN BE F\ND ! ONE ?AT OCCUPIES US AT ?IS MOM5T3 W>4 

,! *OICE (F]$ TO HUMANITY IS ?US CLE>3 EI!R W> OR ! LIMITATION ( BIR?S444 

,IF WISDOM HAS MANIFE/$ ITSELF 9 ! MATT] ( PROCREATION 9 A GIV5 C\NTRY ! POPULATION F9DS ITSELF EXACTLY LIMIT$ TO ! FOOD CAPACITIES ( ITS [N SOIL4 ,BUT ?IS C\NTRY ONLY EXI/S 9 !ORY4 ,AS SOON AS ?IS C\NTRY EXCE$S ?IS LIMIT IT IS 9 A /ATE ( AGRICULTURAL OV]POPULATION4 

,ITS POPULATION CONT9U+ TO GR[1 :AT !N IS IT =C$ TO DO 9 ORD] TO PRES]VE ITS MODE ( EXI/5CE8 ,IT IS =C$ TO GIVE ITSELF OV] TO 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION 9 ORD] TO 5GAGE 9 COMM]CE ) =EIGN C\NTRIES1 I4E41 TO DELIV] MANUFACTUR$ PRODUCTS TO !M 9 EX*ANGE = !IR PRODUCE4 

,BUT ?IS EVOLUTION ( AGRICULTURE T[>DS 9DU/RIALISM IS NOT LIMIT$ TO ONE C\NTRY4 ,IT IS OCCURR+ ) GREAT] OR LESS] SPE$ 9 ALL ! OLD C\NTRIES1 AS ,MAL?US SAID1 9 ALL ! C\NTRIES ) OLD CIVILIZATIONS1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,EUROPE4 ,9 ,ASIA C\NTRIES LIKE ,9DIA1 ,*9A1 & ,JAPAN1 :I* >E EXTREMELY OV]POPULAT$1 >E ON ! ROAD TO 9DU/RIALIZATION4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :I* IS1 DESPITE IT ALL1 A NEW C\NTRY1 BEGAN TO 9DU/RIALIZE A LONG TIME AGO1 AS WELL AS TO S]I\SLY LIMIT IMMIGRATION1 GO+ SO F> AS TO O/RACIZE ONE ( ! MO/ PROLIFIC OR PEOPLES3 ! ,JAPANESE4 

,! 9DU/RIAL C\NTRIES ?US 5T] 9TO COMPETITION = ! PLAC+ ( !IR PRODUCTS4 ,G5]ALLY ?IS COMM]CIAL /RUGGLE BECOMES 5V5OM$ & 5G5D]S HATR$ AMONG PEOPLES4 ,9 ORD] TO HAVE GREAT] OPPORTUNITIES TO SELL !IR M]*&ISE NATIONS NATURALLY DESIRE PRIVILEG$ M>KETS4 ,COMM]CIAL TREATIES GRANT+ PREF]5CES TO MORE FAVOR$ NATIONS BR+ 9 !IR TRA9 ! 5MITY ( O!RS4 ,BUT ! PRIVILEG$ M>KETS P> EXCELL5CE >E COLONIES1 :I* >E OBTA9$ ?R\< W>S1 & >E P[]FUL CAUSES ( 9T]NATIONAL JEAL\SY1 ! MO!R ( W>4 ,= EXAMPLE3 ! ,FRANCO-,G]MAN DISAGREEM5T ON ! SUBJECT ( ,MOROCCO4 ,:AT IS MORE1 9 !IR COLONIES ! OLD C\NTRIES OBTA9 AT A BETT] PRICE ?AN ELSE:]E PRODUCTS ?AT !Y LACK AS WELL AS PRIM>Y MATT] NECESS>Y = !IR 9DU/RY4 ,!Y F9D 9 !M AN ISSUE = A PORTION ( !IR EXCESS POPULATION4 ,(T51 !Y ALSO F9D ! CANNON FODD] 9 !M NE$$ TO CONFRONT ! W>S !IR COLONIZATION IS LIKELY TO GIVE BIR? TO4 

,AS WE SEE1 !SE COMM]CIAL RIVALRIES >E 9 ! 5D NO?+ BUT /RUGGLES = FOOD & ! PRES]VATION ( A C]TA9 TYPE ( EXI/5CE4 ,WELL !N1 IT IS !SE COMM]CIAL RIVALRIES1 !SE /RUGGLES = FOOD :I* 5G5D] W>4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE !Y CREATE 9 PEOPLES A MOOD FAVORABLE TO ! DECL>ATION ( W>1 AS WAS V]IFI$ 9 #a#i#a#d4 ,& !Y UNLEA% W> SO TO SPEAK NATURALLY4 

,9 ANCI5T TIMES W>S1 AS IS ! CASE TODAY DUE TO OV]POPULATION1 TOOK ON ! ASPECT ( RAPID 9VASIONS ( T]RITORIES ACCOMPANI$ BY PILLAG+ & ! R$UCTION ( ! 9HABITANTS TO SLAV]Y4 ,?+S W]E CLE> & SIMPLE4 ,TODAY !IR DET]M9ISM IS =M$ BY A S]IES ( PH5OM5A F> MORE COMPLEX & TANGL$1 & !Y >E MASK$ 9 HYPOCRISY4 ,BUT ! TWO DET]M9ANT REASONS HAVE NOT *ANG$3 REPRODUCTION )\T H9DRANCE & FOOD4 

,ALL ( ?IS IS OBVI\SLY H>DLY POETIC1 BUT IT'S ! TRU? & IT MU/ BE TOLD444 

,WORLD ,W> ,I WAS NO?+ BUT A VA/ W> ( OV]POPULATION1 DISSIMULAT$ 9 ORD] TO CAPTURE & SU/A9 ! SYMPA?Y ( ! PEOPLES FI<T+ 9 EA* CAMP UND] GREAT IDEALI/IC WORDS3 W> ( RI<T ON ONE SIDE1 W> ( KULTUR ON ! O!R4 ,9 REALITY1 A /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE BETWE5 OV]-POPULAT$ NATIONS ( V>I\S DEGREES444 ,9 ! FUTURE1 :5 ?IS CONCEPTION ( ! CAUSES ( W> WILL BE %>$ BY GREAT] & EV] GR[+ NUMB] ( PEOPLE1 ! RESPONSIBILITY ( BELLIG]5TS 9 A W> WILL BE MEASURE BY !IR OV]-POPULATION444 

,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT A RATIONALLY NORMAL SOCIETY IS ONE 9 :I* !RE IS NO OV]-POPULATION1 ?US :]E AN EQUILIBRIUM ( WEAL? & HAPP9ESS REIGNS BETWE5 ! PEOPLE & ITS SUBSI/5CE GOODS4 ,?IS IS :AT ! ,G]MAN ECONOMI/ ,LI/ CALL$ A 0NORMAL NATION44440 

,?IS !N IS ! =MULA = ECONOMIC AUTONOMY = A NATION4 ,IT IS CLE> ?AT A NATION ?AT /ICKS ) ?IS R$UCES ! RISKS ( W> TO A M9IMUM4 ,9 FACT1 IT WILL NEV] 5GAGE 9 ANY W> ( AGGRESSION2 IT WILL HAVE NO DESIGNS = CONQUE/ OR COLONIZATION4 ,:AT IS MORE1 IT WILL NOT CONTRIBUTE TO OV]-POPULAT+ ANO!R C\NTRY ?R\< AN EMIGRATION :I*1 H[EV] PEACEFUL IT MI<T BE 9 APPE>ANCE1 ALWAYS CREATES ASC]TA9 HO/ILITY4 ,ALL ?AT WILL REMA9 = A 0NORMAL NATION0 IS ! DANG] ( AN 9VASION ( ITS T]RITORY1 EI!R BY IMMIGRATION OR BY W>1 ON ! P>T ( ONE OR SEV]AL O!R OV]-POPULAT$ NATIONS4 

,BUT IF ALL C\NTRIES IMITAT$ IT ! DANG] ( W> W\LD BE AV]T$4 

,IF WE EXT5D ?IS IDEA ( ! 0NORMAL NATION0 TO ! 5TIRE PLANET WE OBTA9 ! IDEA ( WORLD-WIDE ECONOMIC H>MONY4 

,:5 ?IS H>MONY IS REALIZ$ -- :I* WE >E F> FROM OBTA9+ -- & ONLY !N CAN ! MY/ICAL PACIFI/S1 ,*RI/IAN & O!RS1 SAY TO PEOPLES & 9DIVIDUALS3 0,LOVE EA* O!R10 OR 0,?\ %ALT NOT KILL0 )\T REPEAT+ VA9 WORDS4 ,9 TRU?1 !Y WILL NOT NE$ TO SAY ANY?+3 !IR SPEE*ES WILL HAVE NO OBJECT4 ,9 ANY CASE1 !Y WON'T HAVE MADE ?IS POSSIBILITY A REALITY3 IT WILL HAVE BE5 BORN ( ! LABOR -- 9 ?\<T & DE$ -- ( SCI5TIFIC PACIFI/S444 

,9 SUMM>Y1 ! MAXIMUM POPULATION EA* C\NTRY IS ALL[$ TO REA* )\T ITS 9HABITANTS SUFF]+ & )\T CAUS+ SUFF]+ TO O!R C\NTRIES1 IS ! NUMB] ( HUMAN BE+S :O W\LD BE ASSUR$ ! RATION ( SUBSI/5CE GOODS NECESS>Y TO NORMAL HUMAN EXI/5CE BY ! SOIL ( ?AT C\NTRY4 

,OV]-POPULATION BEG9S BEYOND ?IS FIGURE4 

,& SO1 OV]POPULATION IS ! PRIMORDIAL CAUSE ( W>4 

,?IS FACT 9DICATES TO US ! PREV5TIVE REM$Y = ?IS ILL3 SUPPRESS+ OR PREV5T+ OV]POPULATION 9 EA* C\NTRY4 

,PHRAS$ DIFF]5TLY3 E/ABLI%+ A TRUE EQUILIBRIUM BETWE5 ! POPULATION & SUBSI/5CE GOODS4 

,! SOLE ME?OD3 ! LIMITATION ( BIR?S444 

,GOV]NM5TS DISPOSE1 9 FACT1 ( MEANS ( 5C\RAG+ & DISC\RAG+ OV]POPULATION4 ,:AT IS MORE1 AMONG HUMAN BE+S REPRODUCTION IS 5TIRELY UND] ! CONTROL ( ?IS WILL4 ,:I* IS TO SAY ?AT BO? GOV]NM5TS & 9DIVIDUALS1 HAV+ ! NECESS>Y P[]S AT !IR DISPOSAL1 W> C\LD BE ABOLI%$ IF !Y TRULY WANT$ IT444 

,CONSEQU5TLY1 WE SCI5TIFIC PACIFI/S DEM& A WORLD-WIDE LIMITATION ON BIR?S1 AFFECT$ BY ALL NATIONS LEAGU$ TOGE!R 9 A DESIRE = PEACE UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS4 

,?IS IS ! PRIM>Y PROPAG&A TO BE DONE BY PACIFI/S1 = HUMANITY'S SALVATION RESIDES 9 ?IS SOLUTION4 

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