,! ,AM]ICAN ,CRISIS 

#aih 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,TAGS 3 BODY ( SOCIAL RELATIONS1 DOME/IC & =EIGN1 DIVISION ( LABOR1 POLITICAL & ECONOMIC1 AM]ICAN REPUBLICAN 9/ITUTIONS1 ECONOMIC & POLITICAL1 ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL1 AM]ICAN CRISIS1 %OPP+ MALLS1 MIDDLE CLASSES4 

,TEXT 3 

,$,I,T,O,R3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9     ,VOL4 #a1 ,NO4 #d     ,PRICE3 #h C5TS 

  

,PHOTO BY ,MAURE5 ,B>L91,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,TO CONCEAL REAL CRISES BY CREAT+ SPECI\S ONES IS AN OLD POLITICAL TRICK1 BUT ! PA/ YE> HAS SE5 IT TRIUMPH ) AN ALMO/ CLASSIC EXAMPLE ( TEXT-BOOK SUCCESS4 

,! SO-CALL$ 0,IRANIAN ,CRISIS0 & ,RUSSIA'S HEAVY-H&$ 9VASION ( ITS ,AF<AN SATELLITE HAVE COMPLETELY DEFLECT$ PUBLIC ATT5TION FROM ! DEEP] WAT]S ( ,AM]ICAN DOME/IC & =EIGN POLICY4 ,ONE W\LD HAVE TO BE BL9D NOT TO SEE ?AT ! SEIZURE ( ! ,AM]ICAN EMBASSY 9 ,TEH]AN BY A RAGTAIL GR\P ( ,MAOI/ /UD5TS SP>$ BO? ,KHOME9I & ,C>T] A %>P DECL9E 9 DOME/IC POPUL>ITY4 ,! /UD5TS1 :OEV] !Y MAY BE1 FUNCTION$ LIKE A DEUS EX MA*9A 9 PROMOT+ ! POLITICAL 9T]E/S ( ! ,IRANIAN ,AYATOLLAH & ! ,AM]ICAN ,PRESID5T -- ! =M]1 FROM A CIVIL W> ?AT WAS BREW+ AMONG ,IRAN'S MIDDLE CLASSES1 WOM51 & E?NIC & RELIGI\S M9ORITIES2 ! LATT]1 FROM ! LURES ( ,CAMELOT & ! ,K5N$Y DYNA/Y4 ,BY ! SAME TOK51 ,RUSSIA'S UGLY 9VASION ( ,AF<ANI/AN1 A C\NTRY ?AT REMA9S DI/9CTLY )9 ! ,SOVIET ORBIT1 ASSUM$ A CRISIS-LIKE *>ACT] ?AT BY F> EXCE$$ H] SAVAGE 9VASION ( ,HUNG>Y 9 #aief & ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA 9 #a#i#f#i1 9VASIONS ?AT EVOK$ VIRTUALLY NO S]I\S RESPONSE FROM ,WA%+TON4 ,?AT ,RUSSIA'S ATTEMPT TO CAT* UP H] TYRANNY OV] ! ,AF<ANS %\LD HAVE >\S$ FE>S ( MILIT>Y CONFRONTATION BETWE5 ! 0SUP]P[]S10 NOT TO SPEAK ( NUCLE> W>1 IS EVID5CE MORE ( ! M$IA'S CAPACITY TO MANIPULATE ,AM]ICAN PUBLIC OP9ION ?AN TO 9=M IT ( ! SIMPLE/ RUDIM5TS ( =EIGN POLICY4 

,!RE IS NO DANG] ( A W> ) ,IRAN -- &1 9 ALL PROBABILITY1 !RE NEV] WAS ONE4 ,W>LIKE RHETORIC1 AN ECONOMIC BLOCKADE1 A MILIT>Y %[ ( /R5G? -- YES2 BUT \TRI<T W> REMA9S UNLIKELY1 TO SAY ! LEA/4 ,NEI!R ,KHOME9I NOR ,C>T] C\LD HAVE MA9TA9$ !IR COMM&+ POSITIONS )\T EA* O!R'S SUPPORT 9 CREAT+ 0CRISES0 ?AT DEM&$ 0NATIONAL UNITY0 & ! MUT+ ( CRITICISM4 ,9 BO? CASES1 MORE DEEP-SEAT$ CRISES W]E CONCEAL$ BY SURFACE /ORMS ?AT DEGRAD$ ! 5TIRE LEVEL ( SOCIAL & ECONOMIC CONFLICT4 ,NOR WAS !RE ANY DANG] ( NUCLE> W> BETWE5 ,RUSSIA & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES OV] ! ,AF<AN 9VASION4 ,H]E1 TOO1 CRUDE SATIRE-RATTL+ BY ,C>T] MADE IT POSSIBLE = A CYNICAL PRESID5T TO %REWDLY ALT] ! 5TIRE LEVEL ( POLITICAL DISC\RSE 9 AN ELECTION YE>4 ,EV5 ! 0NEW NATIONALISM0 OR J+OISM G5]AT$ BY ! ,:ITE ,H\SE ) ! M$IA'S COMPLETE COMPLICITY S]V$ AS A SUB/ITUTE = A REAL IDEOLOGY -- = A POLITICAL E?ICS1 IF Y\ WILL -- >\ND :I* TO FOCUS ,AM]ICAN POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS4 ,TO WAVE ! FLAG1 TO JO9 9 SPECTACUL>IZ$ 0PRAY]S0 = ! HO/AGES1 TO REPLACE MORAL DEC5CY BY A M>TIAL BELL[+ ( 0PATRIOTISM0 :ILE DAMN+ ,IRANIANS ON BILLBO>DS & PISSOIRS1 OR EV5 MORE DISGU/+LY1 BY SELECTIVELY >RE/+1 TAUNT+1 & BR[BEAT+ !M -- ALL ( ?IS MAY HAVE EV5 S]V$ AS A WELCOME \TLET = ! ,NE&]?AL SECTORS ( ! PUBLIC ?AT LIVE 9 HELPLESS DESP]ATION OV] !IR ABILITY TO RECONCILE ! ,AM]ICAN IDEOLOGY ( PUBLIC VIRTUE ) ! REALITY ( BRO!L-LIKE PRACTICE AT HOME & ABROAD4 

,?IS IS NOT TO SAY ?AT !RE >E NO REAL CRISES ?AT CONFRONT ,AM]ICANS AT HOME & ABROAD4 ,9DE$1 WE >E FAC$ ) A HI/ORIC TURN+ PO9T 9 \R MORALITY1 9/ITUTIONS1 ECONOMY1 & FRE$OMS COMP>ABLE 9 SCALE TO ! CRISES OP5$ BY ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,BUT \R CRISES DO NOT C5T] ON ,IRANIAN OIL1 ! HO/AGES1 OR ! ,RUSSIAN 0DRIVE0 TO W>M-WAT] PORTS4 ,NOR >E WE FAC$ ) A CRISIS ( SC>CITY 9 5]GY RES\RCES & RAW MAT]IALS1 ( UN BALANC$ BUDGETS1 OR AN UNAF=DABLY 0AFFLU5T0 LIFE/YLE4 ,ALL MY?S ( ?IS K9D NOT)/&+ TO ! CONTR>Y1 WE >E NEI!R %ORT ( OIL NOR ( RAW MAT]IALS1 NOR HAVE HI< GOV]NM5TAL EXP5DITURES1 HI< LEVELS ( CONSUMPTION OR IMBALANCES 9 9T]NATIONAL PAYM5TS PRODUC$ ! PRES5T GALLOP+ 9FLATION4 ,CONSID]ABLE EVID5CE CAN BE ADDUC$ TO %[ ?AT !RE IS A GLUT ( PETROLEUM & MANY /RATEGIC RAW MAT]IALS2 ?AT GOV]NM5T & PUBLIC SP5D+ PROVIDE NO S]I\S EXPLANATION = 9FLATION2 ?AT ! 9T]NATIONAL BALANCE ( PAYM5TS IS NOT A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR 9 ! PRES5T 9FLATION>Y RUNAWAY4 

,ON ?IS SCORE1 MANY 5VIRONM5TALI/S & ! POLITICAL C>E]I/S :O EXPLOIT 5VIRONM5TAL ISSUES = !IR [N 5DS HAVE DONE US NO S]VICE 9 BEAT+ ! DRUMS ( 0SC>CITY0 ,?AT FOSSIL FUELS & C]TA9 0NATURAL RES\RCES0 WILL EV5TUALLY DW9DLE TO UNCONSCIONABLY L[ LEVELS GOES )\T SAY+1 BUT !SE PROBLEMS -- & !Y CAN BE RAPIDLY RESOLV$ -- >E NOT UPON US TODAY4 ,RES\RCE DEPLETION PROVIDES 5VIRONM5TALI/S ) NO EXCUSE = JO9+ ! CORPORATE & BUREAUCRATIC WOLF PACK ?AT IS BELEAGU]+ ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE & !IR REMA9+ DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS4 

,! REAL ,AM]ICAN CRISIS LIES ELSE:]E TODAY & = ! REMA9D] ( ! C5TURY4 ,IT LIES 9 A FUNDAM5TAL T5SION BETWE5 DEMOCRATIC RI<TS & 9/ITUTIONS ?AT W]E =MULAT$ 9 A PRE-9DU/RIAL1 FAIRLY LIB]T>IAN AGR>IAN SOCIETY & A MULTI-NATIONAL CORPORATE ECONOMY ?AT IS PAV+ ! WAY = A HI<LY AU?ORIT>IAN 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY4 ,IT LIES 9 A FUNDAM5TAL T5SION BETWE5 AN IDIOSYNCRATIC1 HI<LY 9DIVIDUAT$ PHILOSOPHY ( A SELF-RELIANT WAY ( LIFE & ! NE$ TO CREATE A WELL-CONTROLL$1 EASILY MANIPULAT$ MASSIFI$ POPULATION4 ,IT LIES 9 A FUNDAM5TAL T5SION BETWE5 AN IDEAL ( SELF-SUFFICI5CY1 BAS$ ON A VIRTUALLY AUT>*ICAL COMMITM5T TO NATIONAL & REGIONAL DEC5TRALIZATION & AN 9T]DEP5D5T1 HI<LY SPECIALIZ$1 GLOBAL ECONOMY & LABOR =CE4 ,IT LIES 9 A FUNDAM5TAL T5SION BETWE5 A SIZABLE MIDDLE-CLASS ?AT T5DS TO BE SOCIALLY & POLITICALLY 9DEP5D5T & ! NE$ ,I OR A WELL-DISCIPL9$ WORK+ CLASS ?AT CAN BE TE*NICALLY & LOGI/ICALLY PLAC$ 9 ! S]VICE ( A CORPORATE FACTORY /RUCTURE4 ,IT LIES 9 ! FUNDAM5TAL T5SION BETWE5 A TRADITIONAL1 FAIRLY LABOR-9T5SIVE 9DU/RIAL MA*9E & A HI<LY AUTOMAT$1 SCI5TIFICALLY OR*E/RAT$ TE*NOLOGY4 

,9 %ORT1 ! REAL ,AM]ICAN CRISIS LIES 9 ! FUNDAM5TAL T5SIONS BETWE5 TWO ,AM]ICAN DREAMS3 ! FIR/1 ROOT$ 9 A MORE OR LESS PRE9DU/RIAL1 PREM>KET BODY ( SOCIAL RELATIONS1 TE*NICS1 & VALUES2 ! SECOND1 ROOT$ 9 A HI<LY 9DU/RIAL1 MONOPOLI/IC1 CORPORATE BODY ( SOCIAL RELATIONS1 TE*NICS1 & VALUES4 ,C>T]1 ! B\QUET ( V>I\S ,ROCKEFELL] COMMISSIONS1 ! HEAVILY VEIL$ BUS9ESS C\NCILS1 & ! POLITICAL BUREAUCRACIES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES >E GRAPPL+ NOT ) ! ,AYATOLLAH1 ! ,RUSSIANS1 OR ! REMA9+ BONES ( ! ,AM]ICAN 0,LEFT02 !Y >E GRAPPL+ ) ! ,AM]ICAN PA/ AS IT EXI/S 9 ?OSE VA/ NUMB]S ( PEOPLE :O LIVE BY ITS QUASI-LIB]T>IAN VALUES1 IDEOLOGIES1 & 9/ITUTIONS4 ,! T5SION BETWE5 !SE TWO V]SIONS ( ! 0,AM]ICAN ,DREAM0 CANNOT BE P]MITT$ BY ! RUL+ ELITE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO PASS 9TO ! NEXT C5TURY )\T EI!R TE>+ D[N ! EXI/+ CORPORATE /RUCTURE OR PRODUC+ ONE ( ! MO/ AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIETIES 9 HUMAN HI/ORY4 

,! ,ELUSIVE ,*ASM 

,! N9ETE5? C5TURY DID NOT COME TO AN 5D 9 #a#i4 ,NOR DID IT COME TO AN 5D 9 #a#i#a#d1 ) ! \TBREAK ( ! FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>1 AS CULTURAL HI/ORIANS W\LD HAVE IT4 ,HI/ORY DOES NOT CONV5I5TLY BEG9 OR 5D ITS EPO*S ACCORD+ TO WALL CAL5D>S & CULTURAL CROSS-CURR5TS ,IF ONE LOOKS = ! REAL BUT ELUSIVE *ASM ?AT SEP>ATES \R TIME FROM ITS HI/ORIC PA/ 7SAY1 RETROSPECTIVELY1 ) ! KE5 EYE ( A ,K>L ,POLANYI71 ! TRU? IS ?AT ! N9ETE5? C5TURY ) ITS LIB]AL CR$O ( 0FREE 5T]PRISE0 & 0M9IMAL GOV]NM5T0 CAME TO AN 5D 9 ! LATE #a#i#dS & E>LY #a#i#eS4 ,IT IS NOT M]ELY LIB]AL IDEOLOGIES ?AT CAME TO !IR 5D BUT AN 5TIRE WAY ( LIFE3 NEI<BORHOOD =MS ( URBAN SOCIETY1 A WELL-LAY]$ RETAIL MIDDLE CLASS1 ! EXT5D$ FAMILY1 A HI< DEGREE ( REGIONAL SELF-SUFFICI5CY1 ! LABOR-9T5SIVE FACTORY SY/EM1 &1 F9ALLY1 ! RADICAL 7PRESUMABLY1 0REVOLUTION>Y07 WORK]S' MOVEM5T1 MOBILIZ$ 9 COMBATIVE SOCIALI/ & SYNDICALI/ F$]ATIONS1 9 MILITANT TRADE UNIONS1 & SUPPORT$ BY A UNIQUELY CLASS CULTURE ?AT WAS CONT9UALLY F]TILIZ$ BY ITS CONTACT ) A /ILL-VIABLE RURAL1 9DE$1 AGR>IAN LIFE4 ,SAY :AT ONE WILL AB\T ! 9CREAS+ C5TRALIZATION & RATIONALIZATION ( 9DU/RY1 ( GR[+ 0TRU/S0 & 0JO9T-/OCK0 COMPANIES1 ( ,ROOSEVELT'S EF=TS AT /ATE 9T]V5TION 9 ! ECONOMY1 ( ! WAN+ TRADITION ( ! SMALL F>M1 ( 0FIVE-&-DIME0 OR DEP>TM5T /ORES1 ( 9CREAS+LY NUCLE> FAMILIES1 ( RADIO1 TELEPHONES1 & MOVIES1 ( ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS & ECONOMIC IMP]IALISM1 ( ASSEMBLY L9ES & ! ,C,I,O1 ( /RIKES1 LABOR P>TIES1 ,SACCO & ,VANZETTI1 ( ,HITL] & ,/AL91 ! FACT REMA9S ?AT VA/ >EAS ( SOCIAL LIFE W]E /ILL L>GELY PREM>KET1 PRE9DU/RIAL1 & PRECAPITALI/ 9 *>ACT]4 ,H[EV] MU* !SE >EAS W]E 9VAD$ BY CAPITALI/ RELATIONS1 :E!R 9DIVIDUALLY OR SEV]ALLY OV] ! G5]ATIONS PRIOR TO ! FIFTIES1 !Y W]E NOT FULLY ABSORB$ BY !M4 ,ALL ! LIB]AL & SOCIAL CR$OES ASIDE1 ! NEI<BORHOOD OR F>M1 ! RETAIL %OP OR SMALL 9DU/RIAL 5T]PRISE1 ! FAMILY OR REGION1 OR1 = ?AT MATT]1 ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T ITSELF /ILL RETA9$ A CORE ?AT GAVE !M A VITAL CONT9UITY ) A C5TURIES-OLD WAY ( LIFE4 ,! GREAT DEMON/RATIONS ( ,AM]ICAN WORK]S 9 ! #a#i#cS ) !IR PLAC>DS 9SCRIB$ ) SLOGANS LIKE 0,WORK - ,NOT ,W>60 OR 0,BREAD -- ,NOT ,GUNS60 W\LD HAVE BE5 ?OR\<LY COMPREH5SIBLE TO ! ,P>ISIAN WORK]S :O RAIS$ R$ FLAGS ON ! B>RICADES ( ,JUNE1 #a#h#d#c4 ,SPA9 ( #aicf WAS CUT FROM ! SAME HI/ORICAL FABRIC AS ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ( #a#h#g#a4 ,) ! 5D ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 ! ]A ( WORK]S' REVOLUTIONS ALSO CAME TO AN 5D4 ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I U%]$ 9 NOT ONLY A NUCLE> AGE1 CYB]NETICS1 SPACECRAFT1 & TELEVISION2 IT U%]$ 9 A ,EURO-,AM]ICAN WORLD FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T FROM ANY :I* HAD EXI/$ 9 ! PA/ -- A WORLD ?AT HAS BE5 *ANG+ \R V]Y P]CEPTION ( \RSELVES AS WELL AS SOCIETY4 

,! SIGNIFICANT FACTOR 9 ?IS *ANGE HAS BE5 ! TOTAL COLONIZATION ( EV]Y ASPECT ( LIFE BY ! M>KET4 ,A GREAT DEAL ( CONFUSION HAS BE5 PRODUC$ BY >GUM5TS OV] :E!R ! 0TRUE0 M>KET IS 0FREE0 OR 0CONTROLL$10 A CONFUSION G5]AT$ BY ! 0LIB]T>IAN0 T5D5CY 9 CAPITALISM & ! SOCIALI/1 BO? ( :I* =M IDEOLOGICAL EXPRESSIONS ( DIFF]5T PHASES ( ! M>KET'S HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T 7SEE MY 0,M>XISM AS ,B\RGEOIS ,SOCIOLOGY10 ,TELOS1 ,NO4 #dc = A CRITIQUE ( ! IDEOLOGY ( CONTROLL$ OR /ATE CAPITALISM74 ,H[EV] WE MAY CONCEIVE ( ITS ORIG9 & DEVELOPM5T1 ! M>KET HAS EXP&$ TO A PO9T TODAY :]E EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL IS R$UC$ TO A BUY] & SELL]1 BE IT ( GOODS1 SEX1 CULTURE1 LOVE1 0CONC]N10 P]SONALITY1 OR IDEOLOGIES4 ,! APPALL+ DEG5]ATION ( C]TA9 0F\ND]S0 ( ! ANTI-NUCLE> ALLIANCES1 NOT TO SPEAK ( ! 5VIRONM5TAL MOVEM5T1 ATTE/S TO ! EXT5T TO :I* 0PROTE/0 HAS ITSELF BECOME A M]E W>E 9 ! M>KETPLACE ( 0IDEAS40 ,! M>KETPLACE P]MEATES >EAS ( LIFE ?AT HAVE NEV] BE5 /RICTLY ECONOMIC1 EXCEPT1 P]HAPS1 9 A TE*NICAL S5SE LIKE ! SEXUAL DIVISION ( LABOR 9 ! FAMILY4 ,NOT M]ELY HAS EV]Y ASPECT ( LIFE BECOME 0COMMODIFI$10 TO USE ! DUBI\S T]M9OLOGY ( ,M>XISM2 P]HAPS1 MORE SIGNIFICANTLY1 IT HAS BECOME DE-SOCIALIZ$1 MORE /RICTLY BUREAUCRATIC1 & 9 ?IS S5SE MORE 0POLITICALIZ$0 9 ! MOD]N S5SE ( ! T]M AS DI/+UI%$ FROM ! ,HELL5IC4 

,:AT ,I AM SAY+ IS1 AS ,BUB] SO P]CEPTIVELY EMPHASIZ$ A G5]ATION AGO1 ?AT ! 0CELL-TISSUE ,SOCIETY10 ) ITS RI*LY >TICULAT$ NON-/ATI/ =MS SU* AS FAMILY1 NEI<BORHOOD1 ASSOCIATIVE =MS ( CULTURE & PR(ESSION1 & LOCAL ASSEMBLIES HAVE BE5 ABSORB$ BY POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS1 AS DESCRIB$ 9 ! BE/ ( ! ,AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE4 ,PEOPLE HAVE NOT ONLY BECOME 0COMMODIFI$0 OR 0REIFI$02 9DIVIDUALITY ITSELF HAS DISSOLV$ 9TO ATOMIZ$ =MS1 P]SONALITY 9TO EGOTISM4 ,! V]Y FACT ?AT SOCIETY DISAPPE>S 9TO 0POLITICS0 YIELDS AN APPALL+ PASSIVITY & P[]LESSNESS RA!R ?AN ACTIVITY & CONTROL4 ,NOT M]ELY HAS ! EXT5D$ FAMILY DISSOLV$ 9TO ! NUCLE> FAMILY1 BUT 9 EV] GREAT] DEGREE ! NUCLE> FAMILY HAS DISSOLV$ 9TO ! SOLOI/ :O 9HABITS A HI<LY COMM]CIALIZ$1 S\LLESS 0DOME/IC0 S+LES' WORLD4 ,NOT ONLY HAVE ! 0BRO!RS0 & 0SI/]S0 ( ! M$IEVAL T[N DEG5]AT$ 9TO CITIZ5S ( ! MOD]N CITY1 BUT 9 EV]-GREAT] DEGREE !Y HAVE DISSOLV$ 9TO ! 0TAX PAY]S0 ( ! ,/&>D ,METROPOLITAN ,/ATI/ICAL ,>EA4 ,!SE >E N[ 9DIVIDUALS :O VIEW ! CITY NOT AS AN E?ICAL COMMUNITY BUT AS ! >5A = MUNICIPAL S]VICES4 ,ONE CAN FOLL[ ?IS D[NW>D TRAJECTORY 9 $UCATION & $UCATIONAL NORMS1 9 CULTURE1 9 9DU/RY1 9 RELIGION1 EV5 9 RADICAL OR PROTE/ MOVEM5TS4 ,:AT IS CRUCIAL TO EV]Y ASPECT ( ?IS DISSOLUTION IS ! ]OSION ( ! 9T]NAL P[]S ( 9DIVIDUAL SELF-ASS]TION1 ULTIMATELY1 ( ! 9DIVIDUAL'S CONTROL OV] H] OR HIS EV]YDAY LIFE & SOCIAL ACTIVITY4 

,! ROLE ( ! M>KET 9 EXPLA9+ ?IS DEG5]ATIVE DEVELOPM5T BECAME VISIBLE MO/ CLE>LY 9 ! #a#i#eS1 :5 BUREAUCRATIC RELATIONS BEGAN TO REPLACE P]SONALIZ$ ONES 9 ! MO/ 9TIMATE DETAILS ( DAILY LIFE1 EV5 9 ?OSE >EAS ( HOME1 NEI<BORHOOD1 *UR*1 CULTURAL ACTIVITY1 & CLUB-LIFE 9 :I* ! 9DIVIDUAL TOOK REFUGE FROM ! DEM&S ( ! SOCIAL ORD] & ECONOMY4 ,! ABSORPTION ( ! SMALL F>M BY AGRIBUS9ESS HAS ITS URBAN C\NT] P>T 9 ! ABSORPTION ( ! SMALL %OPKEEP] BY ! SUP]M>KET1 F9ALLY1 BY ! HUGE %OPP+ MALL4 ,9 H] OR HIS LOSS ( ! SMALL FAMILY-[N$ 5T]PRISE1 ! 9DIVIDUAL LO/ ! P]SONAL DIM5SION ( TRADE ITSELF -- A TRADITIONAL FACE-TO-FACE PROCESS /ILL ROOT$ 9 ANCI5T RELATIONS ( RECIPROCITY4 ,JU/ AS ! %OP WAS REPLAC$ BY IMP]SONAL1 CORPORATE RETAIL *A9S1 SO ! V]BAL NEGOTIATION ( TRADE1 ITS LOGOS SO TO SPEAK1 WAS REPLAC$ BY ! 0PUN*-\T0 L9E1 A DEAD5+ COMPUT]IZ$ PROCESS ?AT FIXES USE-VALUES AS PURE EX*ANGE VALUES4 ,! T5D5CY ( TRADE TO SWELL TO ! LEVEL ( RU?LESS PLUND] & ORGANIZ$ SOCIAL PIRACY DIVE/$ EV5 EX*ANGE VALUE ( ! ELEM5T ( NE$4 ,NE$1 N[ 9T]M+L$ ) M]E EGOI/IC 9T]E/1 HAS LO/ ITS 9TEGRITY TO A PO9T :]E WE (T5 NO LONG] KN[ :AT WE NE$ NOR CAN WE CLE>LY ID5TIFY \R 9T]E/S BEYOND ?OSE ( M]E ANIMAL SURVIVAL & SECURITY4 ,WE NO LONG] 0BUY0 ?+S1 9 EFFECT2 WE >E 0SOLD0 !M )\T ! DIALOGUE ( ! B>GA9+ PROCESS OR ! 9T]*ANGE ( 9=MATION4 ,H5CE ! 0DEMOS10 FROM :I* DEMOCRATIC CONCEPTS & 9/ITUTIONS EM]G$1 IS FAC$ ) EXT9CTION4 ,AS ,CAMUS W>N$ US1 WE >E ALL BECOM+ FUNCTION>IES ) ! RESULT ?AT BUREAUCRACY HAS REPLAC$ FAMILY1 NEI<BORHOOD1 & POPUL>LY BAS$ COLLECTIVE 9/ITUTIONS AS ! S9EWS ( :AT WE EUPHEMI/ICALLY CALL 0SOCIETY40 

,I HAVE EMPHASIZ$ ! DECL9E ( ! TRADITIONAL RETAIL WORLD BECAUSE ! RETAIL \TLET1 BE IT FAMILY OR CORPORATELY [N$1 DIRECTLY FACES ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ! FAMILY1 & ! NEI<BORHOOD OR T[N4 ,! FACTORY WAS 0ZON$0 \T ( ?IS PRIVATE WORLD ALL ! MORE TO PROTECT ITS PRIVACY1 MORE PRECISELY1 ITS SOCIALITY1 FROM ! RAVAGES ( RATIONALIZ$ PRODUCTION & 9DU/RIAL DOM9ATION4 ,IT REMA9S ONE ! GREAT IDIOCIES ( ,M>XISM ?AT ! DECL9E ( SU* PROTECTIVE B>RI]S WAS GREET$ AS 0PROGRESS0 & A TOK5 ( 0PROLET>IANIZATION40 ,! EM]G5CE ( *A9 /ORES1 SUP]M>KETS1 & %OPP+ MALLS 0ZON$0 ! FACTORY 9TO PRIVATE LIFE -- OBVI\SLY1 NOT AS ! DOME/IC CRAFT ACTIVITY ( ! M$IEVAL T[N OR AS A PRODUC] ( GOODS 9 ANY S5SE ( ! T]M1 BUT AS A DI/RIBUTOR1 SCAL$ TO IMM5SE1 W>EH\SE-LIKE DIM5SIONS4 ,! HI<WAY NETWORK ?AT WAS CON/RUCT$ AFT] ,WORLD TI] ,I,I DID MU* MORE ?AN DIVIDE NEI<BORHOODS & DE/ROY URBAN GRE5BELTS2 IT LIT]ALLY DISSOLV$ !M BY OP5+ SUBURBS & P]HAPS MORE SIGNIFICANTLY1 BY *ANG+ ! NATURE ( TRADE4 ,LIKE A VA/ LYMPH SY/EM1 IT ABSORB$ COMMUNITIES 9TO %OPP+ MALLS & CONSEQU5TLY 9TO :AT WE MAY REASONABLY CALL ! RETAIL FACTORY1 ?US QUALITATIVELY ALT]+ \R V]Y IMAGE ( 0GOODS & S]VICES0 ,! CR[D$ R\TES ?AT L$ TO %OPP+ MALLS 9 URBAN1 SUBURBAN1 & EV5 RURAL >EAS =M A NEW SPIRITUAL L&SCAPE2 ITS HI/ORIC METAPHOR IS ! DISSOLUTION ( ! GIFT 9TO ! B>GA91 ( GIV+ 9TO COMPETITION1 ( QUALITY 9TO QUANTITY4 0,MUZAK0 REPLACES MUSIC & ! /UPOR ( 0BUY+0 REPLACES ! DISCRIM9AT+1 RATIONAL *OICE ( USEFUL & LA/+ GOODS4 ,! PUBLIC 9TELLIG5CE ?AT R>ELY SO>$ TO ! LEVEL ( 0HI< CULTURE0 IS EV5 ]OD$ ON ! LEVEL ( 0L[ CULTURE40 ,CUNN+ IS !REBY DIVE/$ ( ITS [N RATIONALITY 9 DEAL+ ) ! ORD9>Y DETAILS ( EV]YDAY LIV+ SO ?AT TELEVISION ADV]TIS+ ) ITS 9FANTILE & GULLIBLE DET]G5T US]S1 ITS H5-PECK$1 IDIOTIC HUSB&S1 ITS NAIVE FA!RS1 & ITS SL9KY1 WELL-MA*9$ MANNIKANS BEG9 TO REFLECT ! HUMAN CONDITION4 ,PACKAG+ S]VES TO CONCEAL ! POV]TY ( GOODS JU/ AS FA%ION S]VES TO CONCEAL ! POV]TY ( P]SONALITY4 ,BO? ! CONSUM] & COMMODITY >E WRAPP$ UP TOGE!R ON ! 0*ECK-\T0 C\NT] L9E4 

,H5CE ! PUBLIC'S 9TUITIVE OPPOSITION TO %OPP+ MALLS1 HI<WAYS1 ,MAC,DONALD-LIKE FOOD EMPORIA1 & DEP>TM5T /ORES HAS BECOME MORE ?AN AN ISSUE ( ES!TICS1 CONGE/ION1 OR REPELL5T FOOD2 IT HAS BECOME AN ISSUE ( SOCIAL ID5TITY ?AT 9VOLVES ! SANCTITY ( P]SONALITY & SOCIETY1 ( HUMAN SCALE4 & ! RI<T TO SPONTANE\S LIFEWAYS4 ,LIKE ! GR[+ OPPOSITION TO HI<-RISE BUILD+S :I* >*ITECTURALLY CAN PASS = (FICE BUILD+S1 HOSPITALS1 OR PRISONS AS WELL AS HOMES1 OPPOSITION IS DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY CONC]N$ ) ! TEXTURE ( SOCIAL LIFE -- 9DE$1 :E!R OR NOT SOCIAL LIFE IS TO HAVE ANY TEXTURE4 ,P]HAPS LESS VISIBLE1 BUT NO LESS IMPORTANT1 >E ! GRAVE 9JURIES TE*NICAL *ANGES 9 9DU/RY HAVE 9FLICT$ ON SOCIETY4 ,HI/ORICALLY1 WE >E N[ WELL PA/ ! TRADITIONAL LABOR 9T5SIVE FACTORY1 ! OLD ASSEMBLY L9E1 EV5 ! NATIONAL DIVISION ( LABOR4 ,! TRADITIONAL 9DU/RIAL BASE ( ,AM]ICA IS UND]GO+ MAJOR DIS9TEGRATION & IS %>PLY CONFRONT$ BY AN ALMO/ FUTURI/IC RE/RUCTUR+ ( ITS TE*NICS1 WORK =CE1 & \TPUT ( COMMODITIES4 ,! IMPACT ( !SE *ANGES MAY WELL REPRES5T ! FULFILLM5T ( CAPITALISM 9 ITS PURE/ =M & ITS TE*NICAL 0CONTRIBUTION0 TO HI/ORY 9 ITS MO/ NEGATIVE T]MS4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT1 IT IS NOT ! SUPREMACY ( A 0TE*NICAL0 OR 09/RUM5TAL0 RATIONALITY ?AT ?REAT5S REASON1 BUT ! SUPREMACY ( A RATIONALIZ$ TE*NICS4 ,:AT IS 9 ! BALANCE IS NOT M]ELY TE*NIQUE & M9D1 BUT ! SUB/ITUTION ( A CYB]NETIC TE*NICS = BO?4 

,ACCORD+ TO A FASC9AT+ SURVEY BY ! ,PACIFICA ,NEWS ,S]VICE1 0,U4,S4 9DU/RY 9 ! #a#i#hS IS HEAD$ = 9TEGRATION 9TO A MODUL> WORLD ECONOMY BAS$ ON SMALL1 FLEXIBLE UNITS4 ,?IS NEW ECONOMY COMP>ES TO OLD] ME?ODS ( ORGANIZATION ! WAY ! MICROPROCESSOR COMP>ES TO A CRY/AL RADIO SET40 ,TE*NICALLY1 A MODUL> ECONOMY IS AN 5SEMBLE ( MOBILE1 /&>DIZ$ MA*9E COMPON5TS1 HI<LY COMPUT]IZ$ & ROBOTIZ$1 ?AT 9VOLVES A V]Y LIMIT$ & 9T]*ANGEABLE LABOR =CE1 G5]ALLY CLU/]$ >\ND MA*9E UNITS :I* P]=M MU* ( ! R\T9E 9DU/RIAL OP]ATIONS PREVI\SLY ASSIGN$ TO WORK]S4 ,BY /&>DIZ+ ! COMPON5TS ( COMPLEX PRODUCTS LIKE MOTOR VEHICLES TO A PO9T :]E ! UNITS1 (T5 P>TIALLY ASSEMBL$1 CAN BE SOLD TO DIFF]5T CORPORATIONS ALL OV] ! WORLD1 ! 9DU/RIAL MODULE ITSELF BE COMES A SUB/ITUTE = ! TRADITIONAL FACTORY4 ,! PRODUC+ UNITS1 9 ?IS RESPECT1 BECOME V]Y SIMIL> TO !IR PRODUCTS3 NOT ONLY IS ! PRODUCT A MODULE BUT SO TOO >E ! CYB]NAT$ UNITS & WORK =CE ?AT PRODUC$ IT4 ,TE*NICAL 9T]L9KAGE & PRODUCT 9T]L9KAGE YIELD CORPORATE 9T]L9KAGE & NEW 9DU/RIAL ALLIANCES1 IF NOT ACTUAL CONGLOM]ATIONS4 ,ACCORD+LY1 0,MOTOROLA & ,TO%IBA BUILD COMPUT]IZ$ 5G9E MODULES = ,=D2 ,G,M',S ,DELCO DIVISION HAS TURN$ TO ,TEXAS ,9/RUM5TS = DESIGN AID AS WELL AS MICROCOMPUT] DEVICES1 & ,*RYSL] RELIES ON ,R,C,A & ,MOTOROLA = DIGITAL DA%BO>DS1 5G9E COMPUT]S1 & CONTROL MODULES = EXHAU/ EMISSIONS40 

,9T]RELAT$LY DOME/ICALLY1 !SE 9DU/RIES -- AUTO MAY BE TAK5 M]ELY AS AN ILLU/RATION ( SIMIL> EXAMPLES ELSE:]E - HAVE REA*$ \T TO MANY >EAS ( ! WORLD1 MO/ NOTABLY ! *EAP LABOR M>KETS ( ! ,?IRD ,WORLD4 ,9DE$1 ! V]Y /RUCTURE ( EMPLOYM5T HAS *ANG$4 ,:ILE ! ,JAPANESE T5D TO HIRE A /ABLE1 ADAPTABLE1 COMPANY-CONTROLL$ WORK=CE ?AT R5D]S TRADITIONAL IMAGES ( ! CONFLICT BETWE5 WAGE LABOR & CAPITAL ABSURD1 ,AM]ICAN CORPORATIONS SEEM TO RELY ON HI< MOBILITY & RAPID JOB TURNOV]S4 ,P>T-TIME OR LIMIT$ EMPLOYM5T HAS 9CREAS+LY 9VAD$ WORK S*$ULES BAS$ ON S5IORITY1 LONG JOB T5URE1 & COMMUNITY-ROOT$ /ABILITY4 ,A WORK=CE1 SIZABLE SECTORS ( :I* T5D TO MORE CLOSELY RESEMBLE MIGRANT F>M]S ?AN A /ABLE PROLET>IAT1 IS NOT EASILY MOBILIZ$ >\ND CLASS ISSUES1 ESPECIALLY :5 ! 9DU/RY'S COMMITM5T TO A LOCALE IS HI<LY T5U\S4 ,BY ! SAME TOK51 A WORK=CE ?AT IT ITSELF HI<LY MOBILE HAS NO?+ TO DEF5D BUT ITS [N ACCESS TO JOBS4 ,?IS WORK=CE IS N[ FAIRLY CONSID]ABLE3 FULLY TW5TY P]C5T ( ! LABOR =CE IS MADE UP ( 0P]MAN5T0 P>T-TIME EMPLOYES1 A FIGURE ?AT IS LIKELY TO GR[ 9 ! YE>S ?AT LIE AHEAD4 

,FROM ! 0RETAIL REVOLUTION0 TO ! LATE/ 09DU/RIAL REVOLUTION10 :AT WE >E WITNESS+ 9 EFFECT IS A COMPLETE RE/RUCTUR+ ( ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY ITSELF4 ,9/ABILITY IS ! EM]G+ =M ( /ABILITY -- &1 ) IT1 A HI< DEGREE ( MANIPULABILITY1 DOME/IC & GLOBAL 9T]DEP5D5CE1 HOMOG5IZATION ( 9DU/RIAL TE*NICS & VOCATIONS1 ( COMMODITIES1 HUMAN P]SONALITY & HUMAN NE$S4 ,MU* AS WE MAY HAVE BEMOAN$ ! EM]G5CE ( A 0MASS SOCIETY10 A 0MASS CULTURE10 & A 0MASS M$IA10 WE >E N[ APPROA*+ A PO9T :]E SOCIETY1 CULTURE1 & M$IA ?REAT5 TO GIVE WAY TO BUREAUCRACY1 ADV]TIS+1 & MANIPULATION4 ,COMM]CE & 9DU/RY1 FUTURI/ICALLY ORI5T$ T[>D ! DIVE/+ ( ! LA/ VE/IGES ( UNIQU5ESS 9 P]SONALITY1 ?REAT5 TO CREATE A SPIRITUAL1 POLITICAL1 & ECONOMIC L&SCAPE D5UD$ ( ! MO/ ELEM5TAL HUMAN QUALITIES ( M9D4 ,9DE$1 ! 0,AM]ICAN ,CRISIS0 CAN BE REG>D$ NOT ONLY AS ! 9VASION ( SOCIAL LIFE BY ! FACTORY1 BUT BY A MODUL> 9DU/RIAL SY/EM ?AT R$UCES WOM5 & M5 TO COMPON5TS ( ! MODULE4 ,! DESIGN LIT]ATURE ?AT DEALS ) ! TE*NICAL PROBLEMS ( ?IS PH5OM5ON HAS ADOPT$ 7)\T CYNICISM1 IRONY1 OR HUMOR7 ITS [N T]M = ! IDEAL MODUL> 0LABOR =CE03 ! ROBOT4 ,! T]M MAY WELL DESCRIBE NOT ONLY ! TE*NICAL RE/RUCTUR+ ( HUMAN P]SONALITY BUT ITS GRIM HI/ORIC DE/9Y )9 ! PREVAIL+ SOCIAL SY/EM4 

,! ,FUTUROLOGY ( ,CRISES 

,P]HAPS ! MO/ IMM$IATE VICTIMS ( ! 0,AM]ICAN ,CRISIS0 >E ! MIDDLE CLASSES CREAT$ BY ! PO/-,WORLD ,W> ,I,I ]A -- NOT ONLY ! POOR :O1 TOGE!R ) WOM5 & E?NIC M9ORITIES1 ALWAYS SUFF] DUR+ SOCIAL 0TRANSITIONS40 ,! ]OSION ( V>I\S MIDDLE /RATA ( ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY IS NOT A NEW PH5OM5ON4 ,9 ! #a#i#cS ! ,GREAT ,DEPRESSION BASICALLY VICTIMIZ$ ! SMALL F>M]4 ,?IS DEVELOPM5T WAS ( PRIM>Y SIGNIFICANCE2 IT WAS ! F>M+ CLASS1 ROOT$ 9 SMALL AGR>IAN HOLD+S1 ?AT =M$ ! MO/ IMPORTANT SUPPORT = ,AM]ICAN REPUBLICAN 9/ITUTIONS4 ,BETWE5 #ahf & #a#i#c1 F>M]S DROPP$ FROM NE>LY #f P]C5T ( ! POPULATION TO AB\T #bb P]C5T1 AL?\< 9 NUMB]S !Y /ILL REMA9$ FAIRLY CONSID]ABLE1 SOME T5 MILLION 9 A WORK =CE ( AB\T FIFTY &1 ) !IR SIZABLE FAMILIES1 AT LEA/ =TY MILLION 9 A POPULATION ( #abg MILLION4 ,!REAFT]1 9 ! =TY YE>S ?AT FOLL[$1 ! DECL9E WAS DISA/R\SLY PRECIPIT\S3 LESS ?AN #ab P]C5T 9 #aie & #b4#i P]C5T 9 #a#i#g4 ,! PASS+ ( ?IS YEOMANRY MI<T WELL HAVE PREP>$ ! DEMOGRAPHIC TEXTURE = A HI<LY AU?ORIT>IAN & MILIT>I/IC /ATE 9 :I* REPUBLICAN 9/ITUTIONS W\LD HAVE BE5 R$UC$ TO DECORATIVE POLITICAL TRAPP+S4 

,BUT 9 ! DECADES ?AT FOLL[$ ! W>1 ,AM]ICAN REPUBLICAN 9/ITUTIONS F\ND A NEW S\RCE ( SUPPORT1 NOTABLY 9 A NEW SUBURBAN & URBAN MIDDLE CLASS4 ,HI<LY /RATIFI$1 REGIONALIZ$1 & CULTURALLY V>IEGAT$1 ?IS NEW /RATUM ( SMALL 9DU/RIAL & COMM]CIAL 5TREPR5EURS1 RETAIL]S1 PR(ESSIONALS4 SMALL CONTRACTORS1 /UD5TS1 & EV5 WELL-TO-DO F>M]S :O HAD SURVIV$ ! 0DU/ B[L0 ]A -- ALL1 9 !IR UNIQUE WAYS1 REPLICAT$ 9 !IR MY?S & REALITIES ( 9 DEP5D5CE & SELF-RELIANCE ! DEC5TRALIZ$1 (T5 LIB]T>IAN YEOMANRY 9 :I* ,AM]ICAN REPUBLICANISM HAD AN*OR$ ITS HI/ORIC HOPES4 ,BY 0,LEFT-W+0 /&>DS1 NEI!R ! OLD YEOMANRY NOR ! NEW MIDDLE CLASSES W]E RADICAL2 9DE$1 G5]ALLY1 !Y W]E SOL IDLY CONS]VATIVE4 ,BUT AN AU?ORIT>IAN & C]TA9LY TOTALIT>IAN POLITICAL /RUCTURE CONFLICT$ %>PLY ) !IR BASIC VALUES & 9T]E/S4 ,?IS MIDDLE CLASS HAS NOT ONLY BE5 CONS]VATIVE 9 ITS RESPONSE TO BASIC SOCIAL *ANGE2 IT HAS BE5 EQUALLY CONS]VATIVE 9 ITS RESPONSE TO BUREAUCRACY1 C5TRALIZATION1 SOCIAL REGIM5TATION1 & CORPORATE CONTROL4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT1 IT HAS ACTUALLY OPPOS$ ! MO/ AU!NTIC AU?ORIT>IAN T5D5CIES 9 ! GOV]NM5T & ! ECONOMY :I* CAN PLAUSIBLY TE> D[N ! REPUBLICAN 9/ITUTIONS ( ! PA/4 ,?AT IS MO/ SIGNIFICANT AB\T ?IS MIDDLE CLASS IS ?AT ! REMA9+ DECADES ( ! PRES5T C5TURY ?REAT5 ITS EXI/5CE AS SURELY AS ! #a#i#cS COMPLET$ ! DE/RUCTION ( ! ,AM]ICAN YEOMANRY4 

,! PRIM>Y ?REAT TO ! EXI/5CE ( ?IS CLASS IS ! AL MO/ CONFISCATORY 9FLATION ( ! PA/ DECADE4 ,I USE ! WORD 0CONFISCATORY0 ADVIS$LY BECAUSE IT PO9TS TO ELEM5TS ( ! 9FLATION ?AT >E R>ELY EMPHASIZ$ 9 ! ECONOMIC LIT]ATURE4 ,FIR/LY1 ! 9FLATION IS TOTALLY 9EXPLICABLE ON ! BASIS ( /RICTLY FISCAL1 BUDGET>Y1 OR CONSUMPTION PREMISES4 ,ONE MU/ GO BACK TO ! ]A ( CLASSICAL 0FREE M>KET0 ECONOMICS TO BELIEVE ?AT TRADE IMBALANCES1 GOV]NM5TAL EXP5DITURES1 HI< DEM& = GOODS 9 %ORT SUPPLY CAN CAUSE 9FLATION RATES TO NE>LY D\BLE 9 A DECADE1 9DE$1 REA* A /AGG]+1 ALMO/ USURI\S RATE ( #ah P]C5T P] YE>4 ,BY ! SAME TOK51 ! 9T]E/ RATE = PREF]5TIAL BANK LOANS SO>$ 9 LESS ?AN A YE> FROM AN UNPREC$5T$ HI< ( #a P]C5T TO NE>LY TWICE ?AT FIGURE1 OR #ah P]C5T4 ,?AT ! PRICE RISES REFLECT$ BY ! 9FLATION FIGURES SPELL T]RIBLE IMPOV]I%M5T = ! POOR1 P>TICUL>LY 9DIVIDUALS ON FIX$ 9COMES LIKE ! ELD]LY1 H>DLY REQUIRES EMPHASIS4 ,= ! MIDDLE CLASSES IT SPELLS SOCIAL EXT9CTION1 A HI/ORIC ANNIHILATION ( ITS LONG EXI/5CE A S A SOCIAL BUFF]4 ,! D\BL+ ( PRIME 9T]E/ RATES 9 A FEW MON?S =ECLOSES ! ATTEMPT ( SMALL 5T]PRISES TO EFFECTIVELY DEAL ) ! SEASONAL RHY?MS ( CA% FL[1 NOT TO SPEAK ( CAPITAL MA9T5ANCE & 9VE/M5T4 ,PRICE 9FLATION MEANS A DRA/IC R$UCTION ( ! M>KET2 MORE PRECISELY1 IT MEANS ! USURPATION ( ! REMA9+ M>KET BY RETAIL *A9S & %OPP+ MALLS4 ,?US ! RETAIL FACTORY CLOSES 9 NOT ONLY ON PRIVATE LIFE BUT ON ! ECONOMIC BASIS ( ?AT PRIVATE LIFE1 NOTABLY ! SMALL 5T]PRISE4 

,BY CONTRA/1 ! L>GE CORPORATIONS >E 9T]NALLY F9ANC$4 ,!IR /AGG]+ PR(ITS HAVE TURN$ !M 9TO SELF-SUFFICI5T CR$IT 9/ITUTIONS ?AT HAVE RADICALLY DIM9I%$ !IR RELIANCE ON TRADITIONAL F9ANCIAL 9/ITUTIONS4 ,MANY ( !M1 9 FACT1 >E L5D]S RA!R ?AN BORR[]S4 ,!Y >E FREE TO CAPITALIZE AT WILL OR TO EXPORT CAPITAL TO >EAS ?AT YIELD FAVORABLE RETURNS -- ACCORD+LY1 TO B5EFIT FROM L[ WAGES 9 SOME REGIONS OR C\NTRIES & FROM R$UC$ TRANSPORTATION CO/S 9 O!R >EAS4 ,! GLOBAL NATURE ( ! MULT9ATIONAL CORPORATION PROVIDES IT ) A F9ANCIAL1 ECONOMIC1 & POLITICAL P[] ?AT T5DS 9CREAS+LY TO TRANSC5D ! NATION-/ATE2 TO LIT]ALLY PLAN ! ECONOMY ( ! WORLD ) AN EFFECTIV5ESS ?AT W\LD HAVE BE5 ! 5VY ( OR?ODOX SOCIALI/ IDEOLOGI/S4 

,! PO9T IS ?AT 0FREE-M>KET0 ECONOMICS EXPLA9S NO?+ AB\T ! PRES5T 9FLATION BECAUSE ! M>KET1 FROM FACTORY TO %OPP+ MALL1 IS ALMO/ COMPLETELY CONTROLL$4 ,ITS FRE$OM1 LIKE ITS COMPETITION1 IS COMPLETELY FICTITI\S4 ,9 ! 5]GY 9DU/RY1 *EMICAL 9DU/RY1 TRANSPORTATION 9DU/RY1 /EEL 9DU/RY1 ELECTRONICS 9DU/RY1 A]OSPACE 9DU/RY1 NUCLE> 9DU/RY1 & TO A SURPRIS+ EXT5T1 EV5 9 ! SEEM+LY COMPETITIVE AUTO 9DU/RY1 PRICES CAN BE FIX$ AT WILL ) ONLY A M>G9AL EXPECTATION ( RIVALRY FROM DOME/IC & =EIGN 5T]PRISES4 ,:]E ! 0FREE M>KET0 RE>S ITS UGLY HEAD 7= EXAMPLE1 :5 ! ,AM]ICAN /EEL 9DU/RY FAC$ ! *ALL5GE ( DUMP+ BY =EIGN RIVALS OR :5 ,*RYSL] FAC$ BANKRUPTCY71 ! /ATE CAN BE EXPECT$ TO 9T]V5E & RESCUE ! CORPORATE GIANTS1 (T5 9 ! NAME ( P]PETUAT+ 0FREE 5T]PRISE40 ,?US ! PRODUCTION LEVELS ( HI<LY CORPORATIZ$ 9DU/RIAL SECTORS T5D TO BE MEAN+LESS4 ,IF DEM& DECL9ES OR1 AS 9 ! CASE ( 5]GY1 ATTEMPTS >E MADE TO CURTAIL USAGE1 ! CORPORATE SECTOR M]ELY 9CREASES ITS PRICES4 ,AS ! 5]GY 9DU/RY HAS REVEAL$ ) SPECTACUL> VIVIDNESS1 R$UC$ DEM& 9 ! NAME ( SPECI\S 0%ORTAGES0 ACTUALLY BECOMES A DEVICE = ACQUIR+ %AMELESSLY HI< PR(ITS4 ,IT WAS NOT PRIM>ILY AS A RESULT ( 9CREAS$ PETROLEUM CONSUMPTION ( ! CUT(F ( ,IRANIAN OIL ?AT ,EXXON NETT$ F\R BILLION DOLL>S 9 PR(IT4 ,SU* A MASSIVE PLUND]+ ( ! PUBLIC'S 9COME OCCURR$ AS A RESULT ( PRICE 9CREASES1 EV5 :5 SALES ?REAT5$ TO FALL PRECIPIT\SLY4 ,! DEBRIS ( AB&ON$ GASOL9E FILL+ /ATIONS ON ! V]Y ROADS ?AT LEAD TO %OPP+ MALLS IS VISUAL TE/IMONY TO ! USURPATION ( SMALL MIDDLE-CLASS 5T]PRISES BY CORPORATE GIANTS & !IR RETAIL EXCRES5CES4 

,:AT CLE>LY ILLU/RATES ! HI< MEASURE ( ECONOMIC CONTROL IS ! ABILITY ( ! ECONOMY TO G5]ATE 9CREAS$ UNEMPLOYM5T1 DECREAS$ EFFECTIVE DEM&1 DECL9+ CAPITAL 9VE/M5T -- 9DE$1 VIRTUALLY ALL ! TYPICAL *>ACT]I/ICS ( AN ECONOMIC DEPRESSION -- )\T ANY DECL9E ( PR(ITS OR PRICES 9 ITS MAJOR CORPORATE SECTORS4 ,! #a#i#cS1 LIKE LAT] ALBEIT MORE %ORTLIV$ 0RECESSIONS10 W]E M>K$ NOT ONLY BY HI< UNEMPLOYM5T BUT SWEEP+ DECL9ES 9 PRICES1 PR(ITS1 & 9VE/M5T4 ,! MO/ REC5T 0RECESSIONS10 BY %>P CONTRA/1 PRES5T A PICTURE ( R$UC$ DEM&1 R$UC$ EMPLOYM5T -- & SO>+ PRICES4 ,AL?\< UNEMPLOYM5T (FICIALLY /&S 7AT ?IS WRIT+7 AT SIX P]C5T1 :OLESALE PRICES COMP\ND$ AT AN ANNUAL RATE HAVE 9CREAS$ APPROXIMATELY #b P]C5T4 ,! CLASSICAL NOTION ?AT A 0RECESSION0 WILL PRODUCE DEFLATION HAS N[ BECOME A NATIONAL MY?4 ,IF A 0RECESSION0 IS TO HAVE ANY FUNCTION1 IT %\LD BE DEFLATION>Y1 BUT VIEW$ FROM A MORE HI/ORICAL /& PO9T1 ITS EFFECTS >E LIKELY TO BE MORE S9I/] ?AN EV5 RADICAL !ORI/S >E PREP>$ TO ADMIT4 

,ECONOMICALLY1 ,AM]ICAN CORPORATE CAPITALISM MU/ RECAPITALIZE4 ,IT MU/ ACCUMULATE ! FUNDS TO /RUCTURE ITS TE*NOLOGY ALONG HI<LY CYB]NAT$ & MODUL> L9ES4 ,A WIDELY-CIT$ MODEL IS ! ,JAPANESE ECONOMY1 :]E ! LABOR =CE HAS BE5 MELD$ TO A HI<LY SOPHI/ICAT$ & AUTOMAT$ TE*NOLOGY1 YIELD+ HI< PRODUCTIVITY RATES ?AT OV]%AD[ ! ,AM]ICAN ONES4 ,?IS RATIONALIZATION ( ,JAPANESE BASIC 9DU/RY1 RE9=C$ BY A PATRONAL SY/EM ( PORTAL TO-GRAVE JOB SECURITY1 HAS PRODUC$ IMM5SE PR(ITS1 HI< \TPUT1 M9IMAL LABOR DISCORD -- & M9IMAL 9FLATION4 ,! PATRONAL SY/EM %\LD NOT BE EXAGG]AT$4 ,IT IS ACTUALLY UND]P9N$ BY A L>GE FLOTSAM DISPLAC$ URBAN POPULATION ?AT IS HIR$ SPORADICALLY :5 LABOR IS NE$$1 ONLY TO BE RU?LESS FIR$ :5 PRODUCTION NE$S >E MET4 ,?US ! LABOR =CE IS /RATIFI$ & EASILY MANIPULAT$1 P>TLY BY ! LURE ( JOB SECURITY = ONE /RATUM1 P>TLY BY COMPETITION = JOBS BY ANO!R4 ,:AT IS UNIQUE AB\T ,JAPANESE 9DU/RY IS ITS V]SATILITY1 ITS HI<LY SOPHI/ICAT$1 ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLL$ TE*NOLOGY1 & ITS E]ILY FACELESS PROLET>IAT = :OM CLASS W> IS AS MEAN+LESS AS NUCLE> W>4 

,UNTIL N[1 ! TRADITIONAL S\RCE ( CAPITAL ACCUMULATION HAS BE5 ! AGR>IAN WORLD1 BE IT DOME/IC F>M]S1 COLONIZ$ F>M]S1 OR BO?4 ,PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION 9 ,5GL& & ,/AL9I/ ,RUSSIA LEFT ! PEASANTRY DEVA/AT$4 ,TO SOME DEGREE1 ! RECAPITALIZATION ( ,AM]ICA DUR+ & AFT] ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W> OCCURR$ ON ! B>E REMA9S ( ITS TRADITIONAL YEOMANRY4 ,NO SU* SOCIAL SECTOR FROM :I* TO PLUND] ! DOME/IC ECONOMY = CAPITAL EXI/S 9 ,AM]ICA & ,EUROPE4 ,AGRIBUS9ESS1 :I* REPLAC$ ! FAMILY F>MS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ,EUROPE1 IS ITSELF A CORPORATE PE] ( ! /EEL & PETRO*EMICAL 9DU/RIES4 ,! RES\RCES TO RECAPITALIZE TE*NICALLY 0>*AIC0 9DU/RIES MU/ BE ACQUIR$ ELSE:]E -- & TODAY1 !Y CON/ITUTE ! ONCE-0AFFLU5T0 MIDDLE CLASSES4 ,UNOR?ODOX AS MY VIEW MAY SEEM1 :AT ! CURR5T 9FLATION MAY WELL REPRES5T IS ! RECAPITALIZATION ( ,AM]ICAN 9DU/RY & ! 9DU/RY ( MANY ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES AT ! EXP5SE ( ITS MIDDLE-CLASS /RATA4 

,?IS IS NOT TO SAY ?AT ! 9FLAT$ SPREAD BETWE5 RETAIL PRICES & PRODUCTION CO/S IS NECESS>ILY MOTIVAT$ BY SO F>-REA*+ A SOCIAL VISION4 ,! B\RGEOISIE HAS NEV] BE5 MORE PIRATICAL TODAY -- MORE PRONE TO %E] PILF]+1 NOT TO SPEAK ( PLUND]+ -- S9CE ! DAYS ( ! FIR/ ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION4 ,! ,WAT]GATE SC&AL1 :ILE AN AFFRONT TO REPUBLICAN VIRTUE 9 ! POLITICAL SPH]E1 W\LD BE VIEW$ AS A/UTE CUPIDITY 9 ! ECONOMIC SPH]E4 ,! EXECUTIVE BRO!L IS M]ELY A TAX WRITE-(F H>DLY MORE MORALLY DEGRAD+ ?AN ! EXP5SES ( MA9TA9+ AN EXECUTIVE PISSOIR4 ,IT IS NO LONG] %OCK+ TO LE>N ?AT 9DU/RIAL ESPIONAGE1 SURVEILLANCE1 & POSSIBLY ASSASS9ATIONS >E P>T ( ! 0FREE 5T]PRISE0 SY/EM1 C]TA9LY NOT S9CE ! PUBLIC LE>N$ ( ! CONNECTIONS BETWE5 ! ,MAFIA & KEY ECONOMIC 5T]PRISES4 

,BUT ! CAPACITY ( ! ,AM]ICAN B\RGEOISIE TO DEVELOP A FUTUROLOGY ( CRISES 9 ANTICIPATION ( ITS OV]ALL CLASS 9T]E/S %\LD NOT BE UND]RAT$4 ,P]HAPS AT NO TIME 9 ITS LIMIT$ HI/ORY HAS CAPITAL BECOME MORE ORGANIZ$1 MORE 9TEGRAT$1 & MORE COH]5T ?AN IT IS TODAY -- NOT ONLY 9 ITS CONTROL ( ! M>KET1 BUT 9 ITS 5DEAVORS TO CONTROL ITS [N HI/ORIC POLICIES4 ,LAUR5CE ,H4 ,%\PTS FASC9AT+1 9DE$1 S*EMATIC WORK1 ,! ,C>T] ,PRESID5CY & ,BEYOND 7,RAMP>TS1 #a#i#c71 REVEALS AN APP>ATUS ( CORPORATE POLICY-=MULAT+ 9/ITUTIONS & LOBBIES ?AN CAN BE REG>D$ ONLY AS A /ATE )9 ! /ATE4 ,BETWE5 ! ,BUS9ESS ,C\NCIL & ! ,TRILAT]AL ,COMMISSION1 CORPORATE CAPITALISM IS S]V$ BY C\NCILS1 9/ITUTIONS1 ACADEMIES1 COMMITTEES1 & M$IA ?AT REA* 9TO EV]Y SIZABLE COMMUNITY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & 9 MANY ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES AS WELL4 ,?AT ! ,TRILAT]AL ,COMMISSION ALONE HAS PROVID$ ! ,C>T] ADM9I/RATION ) ITS ,VISE ,PRESID5T 7,MONDALE71 ITS ,SECRET>Y ( ,/ATE 7,VANCE71 ITS MO/ PROM95T NATIONAL SECURITY ADVIS] 7,BRZEZ9SKI71 ITS ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,TREASURY 7,BLUM5?AL & ,MILL]71 ITS ,SECRET>Y ( ,DEF5SE 7,BR[N7 & A B\QUET ( HI<LY PLAC$ ADVIS]S AT ! V]Y SUMMITS ( GOV]NM5T CAN NO LONG] BE REG>D$ AS TE/IMONY ( A M]E 0CONSPIRACY40 ,IT IS COMPELL+ EVID5CE ( A MELD+ ( ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC SPH]ES ( :AT WAS ONCE A COMP>ATIVELY DEC5TRALIZ$ F$]AL /ATE 9TO /ATE CAPITALISM4 

,9FLATION1 9 EFFECT1 MAY WELL BE EVID5CE NOT ( AN ECONOMY 0\T ( CONTROL10 BUT RA!R ONE ?AT IS REM>KABLY WELL-CONTROLL$4 ,?IS ECONOMY MAY BE CONTROLL$ NOT ONLY TO MEET ! 9SATIABLE APPETITE ( HI<LY 9T]LOCK$ CORPORATE 5T]PRISES1 MULT9ATIONALS1 & CONGLOM]ATES = PR(IT1 BUT ALSO TO MEET !IR NE$S = RECAPITALIZATION ON A HI/ORIC SCALE4 ,SUMM$ UP 9 BRIEF3 ! 0,AM]ICAN ,CRISIS0 MAY WELL BE A CRISIS 9 A SOPHI/ICAT$ ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL ?AT OV]%AD[S ! SOCIAL CONSEQU5CES ( ,M>X'S ACC\NT ( 0PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION0 ( CAPITAL4 ,!SE SOCIAL CONSEQU5CES C\LD REA* 9TO EV]Y ASPECT ( ,AM]ICAN LIFE1 ) RESULTS ?AT EV5 ! ,TRILAT]AL ,COMMISSION1 ! ,BUS9ESS ,C\NCIL1 & ! V>I\S SUB-C\NCILS & COMMITTEES ( ?IS /ATE 9FRA/RUCTURE CAN B>ELY =ESEE4 

7,NOTE3 ,[+ TO ! CONSID]ABLE PR9T+ & MAIL+ CO/S ( ?IS V]Y SIZABLE ISSUE ( ,C,O,M,M,5,T TO OV] A ?\S& READ]S1 IT WILL BE NECESS>Y TO 9T]RUPT MY DISCUSSION AT ?IS PO9T4 ,! NEXT ISSUE ( ,C,O,M,M,5,T WILL EXAM9E ! SOCIAL1 ECONOMIC1 & POLITICAL CONSEQU5CES ?AT FOLL[ FROM ?IS ISSUE4 ,SUBSCRIB]S WILL RECEIVE ,NO4 #e AS SOON AS IT IS DELIV]$ BY ! PR9T]4 ,READ]S :O MAY NOT WI% TO SUBSCRIBE TO ! NEWSLETT] CAN ACQUIRE ! NEXT ISSUE BY S5D+ EI<TY C5TS 9 PO/AGE /AMPS47 

-- ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,FEBRU>Y1 L#i#h 

,COPYRI<T 7,C7 #aih BY ,C,O,M,M,5,T ,P,U,B,L,I,%,+ ,P,R,O,J,E,C,T4 ,$ITOR & PUBLI%]3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*94 ,! ,C,O,M,M,5,T ,P,U,B,L,I,%,+ ,P,R,O,J,E,C,T PLANS TO PUBLI% ,C,O,M,M,5,T ON A TRI-WEEKLY BASIS :]E CIRCUM/ANCES P]MIT4 ,SUBSCRIPTION PRICE = SEV5 ISSUES3 @s#e44 ,! FOLL[+ MONOGRAPHS & SPECIAL ISSUES >E N[ AVAILABLE3 

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