,! ,ACTION ( ! ,MASSES & ! ,9DIVIDUAL 

#ahi 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,JAMES ,J>D9E1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE  
,\R COMRADES >E P]FECTLY RI<T TO SAY .<9 !IR LETT].> ?AT ! ,MAY /RIKES >E A CONSEQU5CE ( G5]AL ECONOMIC CONDITIONS4 ,IF ! RETURN ( WORK TO ! M9ES & 9 ! IRON 9DU/RY1 & IF DREADFUL POV]TY 9 ! O!R TRADES DID NOT EXI/1 !RE W\LDN'T HAVE BE5 ANY /RIKES AT ALL1 AS !RE W]5'T ANY ON SU* A L>GE SCALE T5 YE>S AGO4 ,BUT :AT \R COMRADES IGNORE IS ?AT1 \TSIDE ALL SOCIALI/ ORGANIZATIONS1 RI<T N[1 )9 ! WORK]S ( ALL NATIONALITIES1 AN IMM5SE WORK TO PRESS ON TO A G5]AL /RIKE IS TAK+ PLACE4 ,DEMOCRATS1 TRADE UNIONI/S1 SOCIALI/S1 AN>*I/S1 HAVE ABSOLUTELY NO?+ TO DO ) IT4 - 0,WE >E OV]:ELM$ BY ?IS MOVEM5T0 WE W]E TOLD1 TWO YE>S AGO1 BY A ,BELGIAN SOCIALI/4 ,9 ,5GL&1 9 A BIG CITY1 AT LEA/ SOCIALI/S TOOK HOLD ( ?IS MOVEM5T4 ,!Y W]E WELL RECEIV$ AT FIR/2 BUT :5 PEOPLE REALIZ$ ?AT !Y WANT$ TO 5LI/ IT TO AN ELECTORAL AIM1 !Y ?REW !M OV]BO>D4.<#a.> 

,:E!R IT IS 5\< TO SAY ?AT ?IS 9T]NATIONAL MOVEM5T COMES FROM ,AM]ICA2.<#b.> ?AT IT IS TAK+ =M \TSIDE ALL .<EXI/+.> ORGANIZATION2 & ?AT WE F9D \RSELVES FAC$ ) ONE ( !SE FACTS ?AT HAVE ALWAYS *>ACT]IZ$ ! GREAT POPUL> MOVEM5TS - TACIT UND]/&+ ?AT BECOMES E/ABLI%$ \TSIDE NEWSPAP]S1 COMMITTEES1 AGITATORS4 ,A WORD PUT \T 9 A WORK%OP IS 5\< & !Y TELL EA* O!R3 0,SO BE IT1 SEE Y\ ON ! #a/ ( ,MAY60 ,!N A WORK] GOES FROM ,5GL& TO ,AU/RIA1 OR FROM ,AU/RIA TO ,5GL&1 & EXPRESSES ! SAME IDEA1 & ! IDEA - S9CE IT RESULTS FROM AN ECONOMIC NECESSITY - IS ACCEPT$ /RAI<TAWAY4 

,EV]Y /RIKE ( ! LA/ TWO YE>S1 9 ,BELGIUM1 9 ,5GL&1 9 ,MORAVIA.<#c.>1 ETC41 ETC41 >E DUE TO ?IS SPONTANE\S SPREAD+ ( ! IDEA4 ,IF EV] !RE WAS A MOVEM5T AN>*I/ BY ITS ESS5CE & A PROPAG&A ESS5TIALLY AN>*I/ 9 ITS PROCESSES1 IT IS ?IS ONE4 ,BECAUSE !RE IS NO SECRET - IT IS A TACIT AGREEM5T ?AT BECOMES E/ABLI%$4 

,\R COMRADES FROM ,G5EVA >E MI/AK5 TO ATTRIBUTE ! #a/ ( ,MAY TO ! ,P>IS ,CONGRESS4.<#d.> ,IT WAS MADE ABSOLUTELY \TSIDE ( ! ,CONGRESS1 AGA9/ ! WILL ( ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS1 AGA9/ ! WILL ( TRADE-UNION COMMITTEES & DESPITE 9DIFF]5CE ( SOCIALI/S1 AN>*I/S & AU?ORIT>IANS4 ,IT IS PRECISELY = ?AT REASON ?AT WE ATTA* SIGNIFICANCE TO IT4 

,9 A ,CONGRESS :]E ,LIEBKNE*T.<#e.> 5JOY$ ROYAL RI<TS1 AN UNKN[N COM+ FROM ,AU/RALIA MAKES ! PROPOSAL4 ,! FLABB]GA/$ *IEFS DO NOT D>E TO R5\NCE IT1 BECAUSE ! WORK] DELEGATES - ! UNKN[NS - ACCLAIM IT UNANIM\SLY4 ,!N1 ! PROPOSAL IS =GOTT54 ,! WAT*WORD ( ! SOCIALI/ PRESS IS TO NOT BREA! A WORD ( IT4 ,SOCIALI/S & AN>*I/S TREAT IT AS A JOKE4 ,DEMOCRATS OPPOSE IT4 ,& MEAN:ILE ! WORK]S SPREAD ! CALL .<= A G5]AL /RIKE.> AMONG EA* O!R3 SEE Y\ ON ! #a/ ( ,MAY4 ,& FIFTE5 DAYS BE=E ! #a/ ( ,MAY ! TRADE UNIONI/1 SOCIALI/ & DEMOCRAT LEAD]S LE>N ) DREAD ?AT ! WORK+ PEOPLE WILL BE ON ! /REET ON ?AT DAY4 ,SO !Y PUT ON A BRAVE FACE AT ?IS BAD NEWS1 !N !Y TRY TO CURB ! DEMON/RATION & !Y 5D UP JO9+ IT4 ,BUT /ILL1 !Y EXPECT A DEMON/RATION ( NO SIGNIFICANCE - & !RE IS ! :OLE ( WORK+ ,LONDON COM+ \T ( ITS HOVELS1 A ?IRD ( ,VI5NA GO+ TO ! ,PRAT].<#f.>1 ! :OLE ( ,HAMBURG ON ITS FEET1 & A G5]AL UPRIS+ ( M9]S />TS 9 ,MORAVIA1 9 ! ,BASQUE PROV9CES1 ETC4 

,9 FACT1 WE >E P]SUAD$ ?AT :AT ! POPUL> 9ITIATORS ( ! MOVEM5T WANT$ = ! #a/ ( ,MAY WAS ! G5]AL /RIKE - AS !Y HAD WANT$ IT1 A FEW YE>S AGO1 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,& WE >E P]SUAD$ ?AT ! IDEA ( A G5]AL /RIKE HAS ONLY BE5 PO/PON$ & ?AT POPUL> AGREEM5T WILL F9D 9 A YE> OR TWO ANO!R DATE1 UN=ESE5 BY ?OSE 9 P[]1 TO />T ! G5]AL /RIKE4 

"9 "9 "9 

,WE ?9K ?AT !SE FACTS >E G5]ALLY UNKN[N & >E ! BE/ REPLY TO \R COMRADES' LETT] & = ?AT V]Y REASON WE HAD TO SET !M \T AT L5G? 

0,9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE80 - ,DAMN IT6 ,LET US PRACTICE IT AS MU* AS POSSIBLE6 ,LET US NOT TALK3 LET US ACT6 ,BUT :5 WE FACE A SPONTANE\S MOVEM5T ( ! MASSES - 9 FRONT ( AN 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE ( MILLIONS ( WORK]S - LET US NOT PUT A SPANN] 9 ! :EELS ( :AT IS BE+ DONE )\T US 9 ! NAME ( 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE1 :I* WILL BE EXCELL5T :5 IT IS TAK5 BUT :I*1 ON ITS [N1 WILL NOT MAKE ! REVOLUTION4 ,! /RONG PO9T ( 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE IS TO AWAKE ! SPIRIT ( REVOLT 9 ! MASSES - BECAUSE )\T ! MASSES1 !RE IS NO REVOLUTION4 ,BUT ONCE ! MASSES AWAK51 ONCE !Y MOVE & DESC5D ONTO ! /REET1 AT ! RISK ( SLEEP+ ?AT NI<T ON ! B>RICADES 7IT WAS ! IDEA 9 ,VI5NA71 :]E DOES 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE HAVE TO GO8 

,! ANSW] IS OBVI\S - ,:]E ! MASSES >E6 ,& ON ! V]Y DAY :5 ! MASSES >RANGE TO MEET UP6 ,= US1 IT IS ABSOLUTELY OBVI\S ?AT 9 ,MORAVIA1 9 ! ,BASQUE PROV9CES1 9 ,B>CELONA1 9 ,VAL5CIA & ELSE:]E1 ?OSE AMONG ! WORK]S :O REALLY HAVE SOME 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE & :O WAIT = ! WAT*WORD FROM ! AN>*I/S NO MORE ?AN FROM ! DEMOCRATS1 TOLD !MSELVES3 0,:ILE ! TROOPS >E 9 ,VI5NA OR 9 ,MADRID1 WE WILL />T ! REVOLUTION H]E1 9 ,MORAVIA1 9 ,B>CELONA OR 9 ,BILBAO4 ,& WE WILL DO IT PRECISELY ON ! #a/ ( ,MAY 7OR RA!R ON ! #bND ( ,MAY7 :IL/ ! TROOPS >E /ILL 9 ,VI5NA OR 9 ,MADRID1 & NOT ON ! #a#e? ( ,MAY OR ON ! #a#e? ( ,JUNE1 :5 !Y WILL BE BACK 9 \R PROV9CES40 

,!Y HAVE NOT BE5 SUPPORT$1 PRECISELY BECAUSE ! 9ITIATIVE WAS LACK+ ELSE:]E4 

,AS = ! >RE/S ( AN>*I/S - IT IS TIME TO ANTICIPATE !M 9 ADVANCE4 ,EV]Y TIME !RE IS AGITATION 9 ! MASSES1 :]EV] IT IS FROM1 ! GOV]NM5T WILL >RE/ AN>*I/S - IF !Y DO NOT TAKE PRECAUTIONS4 ,?AT WILL TAKE PLACE BE=E ! REVOLUTION1 DUR+ ! REVOLUTION & AFT] ! REVOLUTION4 ,WE NE$ ONLY TO REMEMB] ,M>AT.<#g.> & SO MANY O!RS1 LESS KN[N1 :O W]E =C$ TO LIVE 9 CELL>S RI<T 9 ! MIDDLE ( #a#g#i#c1 :ILE >I/OCRATS W]E GUILLOT9$ BY ! DOZ5S4 ,AN>*I/S WILL BE >RE/$ BECAUSE - SOMETIMES WRONGLY1 BUT MO/ (T5 RI<TLY - GOV]NM5TS WILL TELL !MSELVES ?IS3 0,:5 ! PEOPLE >E 9 ! /REET & ?AT 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE IS LACK+ AMONG !SE MASSES M>*+ TO /ORM SOCIETY1 IT IS FROM ! AN>*I/S ?AT ! 9ITIATIVE ( A MOVEM5T WILL BE ABLE TO COME1 NOT FROM ! LEGALI/S40 

,&1 LET US NOTE1 ?AT IT WILL BE ABSOLUTELY ! SAME ?+ DUR+ ! REVOLUTION ITSELF1 AS LONG AS ! REVOLUTION1 9 ITS DEVELOPM5T1 HAS NOT REA*$ ! AN>*I/ PHASE4 ,!RE=E1 LET US NOT SPEAK ( IT4 

"9 "9 "9 

,LET US ALSO ADD ?AT IF1 ON ! DAY ( A L>GE POPUL> DEMON/RATION1 A MOVEM5T 9 A BIG CITY H>DLY EV] TAKES PLACE1 IT IS ALWAYS A FEW DAYS AFT] SU* A DEMON/RATION ?AT ! MOVEM5T />TS4 ,WE C\NT$ \RSELVES1 WE UND]/OOD ITS /R5G?1 WE W]E (F5D$ BY ! BRUTALITY ( ! POLICE1 WE W]E 5RAG$ BY ! BLOOD%$ AT A PEACEFUL DEMON/RATION3 ! SOLDI]S !MSELVES >E FURI\S AT ! LEAD]S :O MADE !M %OOT WOM5 & *ILDR52 & !N1 ON A CALL ?AT1 ONCE MORE1 IS BORN SPONTANE\SLY 9 ! MASSES - WE PREP>E ANO!R DEMON/RATION4 ,BUT1 BE=E ?AT DAY1 ! REVOLUTION ALREADY BREAKS \T4 

,9 %ORT1 LET US TURN ! QUE/ION OV] & OV] AS MU* AS WE LIKE1 BUT WE CANNOT REA* ANO!R CONCLUSION ?AN ?IS ONE3 0:E!R WE >E ! P>TISAN ( 9DIVIDUAL ACTION OR ACTION ( ! MASSES - & IT IS OBVI\S ?AT BO? >E NECESS>Y - ! MAN ( ACTION'S PLACE IS :]E ! MASSES >E4 ,IF HE C>RIES \T AN 9DIVIDUAL ACT2 IF HE RESPONDS TO A POLICEMAN'S KICK ) A PI/OL %OT2 IF HE REBELS AGA9/ SU* 9IQUITY2 IF HE EXT+UI%ES ! FIRE 9 SOME WORK+ FACTORY1 OR IF HE BREAKS ITS W9D[S 7AS WAS DONE 9 ,MORAVIA72 IF HE GOES TO PRISON = SPREAD+ SOME PROPAG&A AMONG ! TROOPS OR IF HE C>RIES \T QUITE ANO!R ACT ( 9DIVIDUAL C\RAGE - HIS ACT WILL ONLY HAVE MORE IMPACT1 S9CE IT WAS DONE 9 ! EYES ( ! MASSES1 OP5LY & PUBLICLY1 :ILE ! PRESS WILL TALK AB\T IT 9 ALL DETAILS1 :ILE EV]Y WORK] WILL TALK AB\T IT 9 ! WORK%OP40 

,IT IS SO SIMPLE1 & WE >E SO C]TA9 ?AT ALL REVOLUTION>IES >E ( ! SAME OP9ION1 ?AT !RE CAN ONLY BE DEBATE ON IT BY MISUND]/&+4 

.<#a.> ,A REF]5CE TO ! #ahhi ,LONDON ,DOCK ,/RIKE 7SEE ,KROPOTK9'S >TICLE 0,CE QUE C'E/ QU'UNE GREVE0 .<0,:AT A ,/RIKE IS0.>1 ,LA ,REVOLTE1 #g? ( ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#h#i4 7TRANSLATOR7 

.<#b.> ,A REF]5CE TO ! #ahhf EI<T-H\R DAY MOVEM5T 9 ,AM]ICA ?AT CALL$ UPON WORK]S TO /RIKE ON ! #a/ ( ,MAY4 ,! ,HAYM>KET EV5T 9 ,*ICAGO - A POLICE ATTACK ON A /RIKE MEET+1 A BOMB BE+ ?R[N & SUBSEQU5T FRAM+ & HANG+ ( FIVE ,AN>*I/S1 WAS A P>T ( ?IS /RIKE WAVE4 7TRANSLATOR7 

.<#c.> ,MORAVIA WAS A HI/ORICAL C\NTRY 9 ,C5TRAL ,EUROPE 9 ! EA/ ( ! ,CZE* ,REPUBLIC & ONE ( ! HI/ORICAL ,CZE* L&S1 TOGE!R ) ,BOHEMIA & ,CZE* ,SILESIA4 7TRANSLATOR7 

.<#d.> ,A REF]5CE TO F\ND+ CONGRESS ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL HELD 9 ,P>IS DUR+ ,JULY #a#h#h#i4 ,?IS CONGRESS DESIGNAT$ ! #a/ ( ,MAY AS AN 9T]NATIONAL HOLIDAY = LABOR TO BE M>K$ BY DEMON/RATIONS & P>ADES4 ,IT WAS 9SPIR$ BY ! ,AM]ICAN ,EI<T-,H\R MOVEM5T ( #a#h#h#f4 7TRANSLATOR7 

.<#e.> ,WILHELM ,M>T9 ,PHILIPP ,*RI/IAN ,LUDWIG ,LIEBKNE*T 7#a#h#b#f-#a#i7 WAS A LEAD+ ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRAT4 ,UND] HIS LEAD]%IP1 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY ( ,G]MANY 7,S,P,D7 GREW FROM A T9Y SECT TO BECOME ! C\NTRY'S L>GE/ POLITICAL P>TY4 7TRANSLATOR7 

.<#f.> ,! ,PRAT] IS A L>GE PUBLIC P>K 9 ,VI5NA'S #bND DI/RICT 7,LEOPOLD/ADT74 7TRANSLATOR7 

.<#g.> ,JEAN-,PAUL ,M>AT 7#a#g#d#c-#a#g#i#c7 WAS ONE ( ! ONE ( ! MO/ RADICAL VOICES ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION4 ,HE WAS A VIGOR\S DEF5D] ( ! SANS-CULOTTES & PUBLI%$ ! NEWSPAP] ,L',AMI DU PEOPLE 7,FRI5D ( ! ,PEOPLE7 :I* WAS R5[N$ = ITS FI]CE TONE & ADVOCACY ( POLITICAL & ECONOMIC RI<TS = ! WORK+ CLASSES4 ,M>AT WAS ASSASS9AT$ :ILE TAK+ A M$IC9AL BA? & BECAME A REVOLUTION>Y M>TYR = ! ,JACOB9S4 ,KROPOTK9 QUOT$ HIM FAVORABLY 9 HIS CLASSIC #aii HI/ORY1 ,! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION4 7TRANSLATOR7 

7,S\RCE3 ,LA ,REVOLTE1 #b#d? ( ,MAY #a#h#i47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahhi 3 ,! ,ACTION ( ! ,MASSES & ! ,9DIVIDUAL -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #a#c1 #bai 3 ,! ,ACTION ( ! ,MASSES & ! ,9DIVIDUAL -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,! ,ACTION ( ! ,MASSES & ! ,9DIVIDUAL -- ,UPDAT$4 

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