,P>T #e 
,RESI/ANCE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABBEY ,VOLCANO 

,AU?OR 3 ,AN?ONY ,J4 ,NOCELLA ,I,I 

,AU?OR 3 ,C>OL9E ,K4 ,KALTEFLEIT] 

,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 

,TEXT 3 

0,! GREAT >E ONLY GREAT BECAUSE WE >E ON \R KNEES4 ,LET US RISE60--,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON 

,OCCUPY1 ,RESI/1 ,PRODUCE6 ,LESSONS FROM ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA'S ,OCCUPI$ ,FACTORIES 

,M>IE ,TRIGONA 

,LAT9 ,AM]ICA'S OCCUPI$ FACTORY MOVEM5T HAS BUILT AN EXPANSIVE SY/EM ( WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T ?R\< DIRECT ACTION & ! EXPROPRIATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,! WORK] OCCUPATIONS L5D 9SI<T TO WORK]S >\ND ! WORLD1 DEMON/RAT+ ?AT DIRECT ACTIONS AT ! WORKPLACE CAN LEAD TO REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICES1 SELF-DET]M9ATION1 & WORK] CONTROL--?REE ESS5TIAL ELEM5TS ( A FREE SOCIETY1 & AN ESS5TIAL COMPON5T = AN AN>*I/ ECONOMICS IF WE >E TO /UDY :AT SELF-MANAGEM5T MI<T LOOK LIKE 9 A PO/-CAPITALI/ FUTURE4 ,9 ,>G5T9A1 MORE ?AN #a#c1 PEOPLE WORK 9 OCCUPI$ FACTORIES & BUS9ESSES1 O!RWISE KN[N AS RECUP]AT$ 5T]PRISES4 ,! SITES1 :I* NUMB] MORE ?AN #b1 RANGE FROM HOTELS TO C]AMICS FACTORIES1 BALLOON MANUFACTUR]S1 SUIT FACTORIES1 PR9T+ %OPS1 & TRANSPORT COMPANIES1 AS WELL AS MANY O!R TRADES4 ,& !SE SITES PROVIDE EXAMPLES 9 EMBRYONIC =M ( :AT AN>*I/ ECONOMICS MI<T MEAN APPLI$ TO \R EXP]I5CES ( WORK4 

,! WORK+ CLASS HAS OCCUPI$ FACTORIES S9CE ! ONSET ( ! 9DU/RIAL REVOLUTION AS A /RATEGY = WORK]S TO DEF5D !MSELVES AGA9/ DEPLORABLE WORK CONDITIONS1 UNSAFE WORKPLACES1 & RETALIATION4 ,REC5TLY 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 WORK]S OCCUPI$ ! WORKPLACE NOT ONLY TO MAKE DEM&S HE>D1 BUT ALSO TO PUT WORK] SELF-MANAGEM5T 9TO PRACTICE4 ,9 ,>G5T9A1 & O!R NATIONS ?R\<\T ,S\? ,AM]ICA SU* AS ,BRAZIL1 ,URUGUAY1 & ,V5EZUELA1 WORK]S R$ISCOV]$ ! FACTORY OCCUPATIONS />T+ 9 #b4 ,OCCUPATIONS SPREAD 9 ,>G5T9A AS ! REGION FAC$ A F9ANCIAL CRISIS 9 #ba 9 :I* ?\S&S ( FACTORIES CLOS$ & BUS9ESSES BANKRUPT$4 ,GR[+ UNEMPLOYM5T1 CAPITAL FLI<T1 & DE9DU/RIALIZATION S]V$ AS ! BACKDROP = ! FACTORY TAKEOV]S 9 #b4 

,EV5 ?\< WORK]-RECUP]AT$ 5T]PRISES HAVE CREAT$ JOBS1 FO/]$ COMMUNITY PROJECTS1 & IMPROV$ WORK+ CONDITIONS = ?\S&S1 !SE SITES FACE LEGAL UNC]TA9TY & /ATE ATTACKS ?AT HAVE =C$ !M TO RESOLVE PROBLEMS AUTONOM\S FROM GOV]NM5T 9T]V5TION4 ,! ,>G5T9E EXP]IM5T 9 SELF-MANAGEM5T HAS ESS5TIALLY QUE/ION$ ! V]Y LOGIC ( CAPITALISM4 ,?IS MAY BE :Y GOV]NM5T REPRES5TATIVES1 9DU/RY REPRES5TATIVES1 & FACTORY [N]S HAVE REMA9$ SIL5T & (T5 TIMES REACT$ ) HO/ILITY ON ?IS ISSUE2 !Y >E AFRAID ( !SE SITES MULTIPLY+ & ! EXAMPLE !Y HAVE SET4 ,!SE EXP]I5CES POT5TIALLY C\LD REPLACE CAPITALISM4 

,9 AN>*I/ WRIT] ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE'S TEXT 0,DIRECT ,ACTION10 %E WRITES ?AT CAPITALI/S' POSSESSION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION IS ABSOLUTELY WOR?LESS )\T WORK]S' ACTIVITY & LABOR4 ,>G5T9A'S RECUP]AT$ 5T]PRISES REAFFIRM ! NOTION ?AT WORK]S DO NOT NE$ BOSSES TO PRODUCE4 ,:5 WORK]S EXPROPRIATE L&1 FACTORIES1 BUS9ESSES1 OR H\S+1 !Y PROVIDE SOLUTIONS TO !IR [N PROBLEMS )\T ! 9T]V5TION ( ! /ATE OR O!R AU?ORIT>IAN 9/ITUTIONS4 ,?IS IS :AT GOV]NM5TS & CAPITALI/S F9D UNACCEPTABLE--?AT WORK]S >E PROV+ ?AT ! F\NDATION ( ! CAPITALI/ MODEL & ! SUPPOS$ 0NE$0 = /ATE MANAGEM5T IS A F>CE4 ,NE>LY A C5TURY AFT] ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE PUBLI%$ 0,DIRECT ,ACTION10 ! TEXT /ILL PROVES RELEVANT4 ,AS CAPITALISM FALLS 9TO AN IRREV]SIBLE CRISIS N[1 WORK]S ?R\<\T ! WORLD >E EMPLOY+ FACTORY OCCUPATIONS AS A VIABLE DIRECT ACTION TO DEF5D WORK]S' RI<TS & TRANS=M SOCIAL RELATIONS4 

,ALONG ) ! BIR? ( 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM1 ! WORK+ CLASS COMM5C$ ! DREAM ( FREE+ !MSELVES FROM EXPLOITATION1 DE/ROY+ ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM ?R\< DIRECT ACTION1 & RE-APPROPRIAT+ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,AS HI/ORIANS & WRIT]S LONG NOT$1 ! ASPIRATION = DIRECT WORK] MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION HAS CULM9AT$ 9 MANY WORK] TAKEOV]S ?R\< ! GREAT] P>T ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY--,RUSSIA 7#a#i#a#g71 ,ITALY 7#a#i#b71 ,SPA9 7#a#i#c#f71 ,*ILI 7#a#i#g#b71 & ,>G5T9A 7#b#a74 

,9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM BR\<T ! EMPLOYM5T ( WAGE LABOR &1 ) WAGE LABOR1 REVOLUTIONIZ$ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION IGNIT+ CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,CAPITALI/ [N]S1 S9CE !Y [N$ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 C\LD !N CONTROL LABOR1 ACCUMULAT+ CAPITAL FROM ! LABOR ( ! WORK]S1 9 A CONCEPT :I* ,K>L ,M>X T]M$ 0SURPLUS VALUE40 ,GIV5 ! V]Y NATURE ( CAPITALISM1 CLASS RELATIONS HAVE REMA9$ ANTAGONI/IC ?R\<\T ! C\RSE ( MOD]N SOCIETY & ! EXPANSION ( GLOBALIZ$ 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM4 

,S9CE CAPITALI/S EXTRACT !IR PR(ITS FROM ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESS1 !Y WANT ! L[E/ WAGES POSSIBLE = !IR WORK]S & ! LEA/ AM\NT ( CO/S 9 PRODUCTION 7EV5 AT ! EXP5SE ( WORKPLACE SAFETY & ! 5VIRONM5T74 ,! OBJECTIVE ( ?IS CYCLE ( EXPLOITATION IS SELL+ !IR PRODUCTS BACK TO ! MASSES AT ! HI<E/ PRICE POSSIBLE4 ,BOSSES HAVE LONG S\<T TO SUPPRESS ! B>GA9+ P[] ( WORK]S ?R\< ECONOMIC & POLITICAL MANIPULATION4 ,?R\<\T HI/ORY !Y HAVE S\<T TO DO SO BY ANY MEANS NECESS>Y--9CLUD+ =CEFUL1 VIOL5T CO]CION4 ,! /ATE HAS UNLEA%$ VIOL5CE ON WORK]S :O DECID$ TO DEF5D !IR RI<TS 9 NUM]\S ATTACKS 9 ! PA/ #b YE>S 7E4G41 ! ,HOME/EAD ,MASSACRE 9 ,PITTSBUR< #a#h#i#b2 ,LUDL[ ,MASSACRE #a#i#a#d2 ,MEMORIAL ,DAY ,MASSACRE 9 ,*ICAGO #a#i#c#g2 & ,>G5T9A'S [N #a#i#g#f-#a#i#h#c MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP1 :I* T>GET$ UNION ORGANIZ+ & 0DISAPPE>$0 #c1 PEOPLE74 

,)9 CAPITALISM1 WORK]S HAVE NO O!R *OICE ?AN TO SELL !IR LABOR4 ,9 ORD] TO SURVIVE1 WORK]S NE$S A WAGE OR !Y />VE4 ,( C\RSE1 ?IS SY/EM HAS L$ TO A CONFLICT ( 9T]E/S BETWE5 ! WORK+ CLASS & CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,?R\< DIRECT ACTION1 WORK]S ?R\<\T HI/ORY HOP$ NOT ONLY TO MAKE !IR DEM&S HE>D = A %ORT] WORKDAY1 BETT] WORK+ CONDITIONS1 & HI<] SAL>IES1 BUT ALSO TRANS=M$ !IR [N CONSCI\SNESS TO UND]/& ?AT ANO!R SY/EM ( PRODUCTION IS POSSIBLE4 

,>G5T9A (F]S ONE ( ! LONGE/-LIV$ EXP]I5CES ( DIRECT WORK] MANAGEM5T ( ?IS C5TURY4 ,AS SU*1 ! EXP]I5CES ( SELF-MANAGEM5T 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE ( NEW WORK+-CLASS SUBJECTIVITIES1 SELF-DET]M9ATION1 & WORK+ CULTURE :ILE !Y FI<T AGA9/ DOM9ANT 9/ITUTIONS1 9CLUD+ ! /ATE & CAPITALI/ BOSSES4 ,!IR /RUGGLES PROVIDE A LIB]ATORY VISION BY S[+ ! SE$S = A NEW SOCIETY TODAY1 *ALL5G+ M>KET SY/EMS ( DOM9ATION1 & QUE/ION+ ! LEGITIMACY ( PRIVATE PROP]TY4 

,MANY AN>*I/ TRADITIONS HAVE BE5 9T]WOV5 9TO ! RESI/ANCE /RATEGIES ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA'S AUTONOM\S SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 :I* 9CLUDES ! WORK]-CONTROLL$ FACTORY MOVEM5T4 ,9 MANY CASES1 ! WORK] OCCUPATIONS TRANS=M$ CLASS /RUGGLE 9TO A COLLECTIVIZ$ SY/EM ( SELF-MANAGEM5T ?R\< DIRECT ACTION1 ESS5TIALLY *ANG+ ! 5TIRE PREMISE ( PRODUCTION )9 A CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,NO LONG] DO WORK]S PRODUCE UND] ! EXPLOITIVE SUP]VISION ( BOSSES :O APPROPRIATE !IR SURPLUS CAPITAL4 ,! WORK]S !MSELVES1 AFT] OCCUPY+ !IR WORKPLACE & APPROPRIAT+ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION FROM !IR BOSSES1 TRANS=M$ ! WORKPLACE 9TO A SPACE = LIB]ATION & COOP]ATION4 

0,ALL COOP]ATIVE EXP]IM5TS >E ESS5TIALLY DIRECT ACTION0 

--,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE1 0,DIRECT ,ACTION0 

,! OCCUPI$ FACTORY MOVEM5T C>RIES TO ITS CORE ! IDEALS & PRACTICES ( CLASS /RUGGLE--NOT ONLY 9 ! WAY !Y HAVE ADOPT$ ! FACTORY OCCUPATION AS A LEGITIMATE TOOL = WORK]S >\ND ! WORLD1 BUT ALSO 9 ! WAY !Y HAVE RESOLV$ !IR PROBLEMS AUTONOM\SLY FROM /ATE 9T]V5TION & PUT 9TO PRACTICE WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T4 

,! SITES ?AT HAVE FO/]$ SY/EMS ( WORK] SELF-MANAGEM5T FIR/ BEGAN ) A WORK] OCCUPATION OR SOME DIRECT ACTION AT ! PO9T ( PRODUCTION4 ,! CONTEXT & CIRCUM/ANCE ( EA* ( ! SITES V>Y1 BUT ALMO/ ALL %>E ! COMMONALITY ( ! OCCUPATION4 ,MANY ( ,>G5T9A'S RECUP]AT$ 5T]PRISES BORR[$ ! SLOGAN 0,OCCUPY1 ,RESI/1 ,PRODUCE0 FROM ,BRAZIL'S ,L&LESS ,WORK]S' ,MOVEM5T 7,M,/71 :I* = NE>LY A QU>T] ( A C5TURY HAS BUILT A MASSIVE MOVEM5T ( OV] ONE MILLION FAMILIES & TAK5 OV] NE>LY ?IRTY-FIVE MILLION ACRES FROM L>GE L& [N]S4 ,LIKE ,M,/ 9 ,BRAZIL1 ,>G5T9A'S WORK]-CONTROLL$ FACTORIES W]E OCCUPI$ TO F9D A SOLUTION TO JOBLESSNESS AUTONOM\SLY FROM ! /ATE1 :I* WAS UNWILL+ TO 9T]V5E4 

,FIR/ ! WORK]S OCCUPI$ !IR WORKPLACE1 9 A NUMB] ( DIFF]5T CIRCUM/ANCES1 WIDELY 9 ! CONTEXT ( A BANKRUPTCY4 ,!N !Y HAD TO DEF5D ! OCCUPATION & RESI/ =CEFUL EVICTION ATTEMPTS4 ,PRODUCTION WAS FREQU5TLY />T$ :5 ! WORK]S W]E RESI/+ & FI<T+ = LEGALITY4 ,(T5 ACTIONS SU* AS HI<WAY BLOCKADES1 /REET PROTE/S1 & EV5 ?REAT5+ TO DE/ROY ! SITES ( PRODUCTION ACCOMPANI$ ! OCCUPATIONS4 

,BREAK+ ,*A9S 

,ONE ( ! MO/ EMBLEMATIC ACTIONS WAS ! WORK]S' DECISION AT V>I\S LOCATIONS TO CUT (F A LOCK TO ! FACTORY OR WORKPLACE ) ! LOCK SYMBOLIZ+ ! PROTECTION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,WORK]S BREAK ! *A91 PUTT+ !IR LEGITIMATE CLAIM TO JOBS ) DIGNITY OV] ! SANCTITY ( PRIVATE PROP]TY4 

0,! MO/ IMPORTANT FACTOR1 & MO/ SUBV]SIVE1 IS ?AT ! RECUP]AT$ 5T]PRISES CONFIRM ?AT BUS9ESSES DON'T NE$ BOSSES TO PRODUCE10 SAYS ,FABIO ,RES9O FROM ! ,B,A,U,5 ,HOTEL4 ,! N9ETE5-/ORY1 #a#h-ROOM HOTEL HAS BE5 OP]ATIONAL S9CE WORK]S TOOK IT OV] 9 #b#c4 ,IT OP]ATES DESPITE A C\RT-ORD]$ EVICTION NOTICE & VOID ( LEGAL RECOGNITION4 ,! HOTEL HAS BE5 A LAUN* PAD = ! NEW OCCUPI$ FACTORIES2 MANY ( ! WORK]S FROM ! NEW TAKE-OV]S HAVE COME TO ! ,B,A,U,5 ,HOTEL SEEK+ ADVICE & SUPPORT4 

,! ,B,A,U,5 ,HOTEL HAD CLOS$ 9 ,DECEMB] #b#a4 ,! ALLEG$ [N]S1 ,GRUPO ,SOL>I1 ACQUIR$ ! HOTEL 9 #aiig & FIL$ BANKRUPTCY 9 #b#a4 ,LEAD+ UP TO ! HOTEL'S CLOSURE1 ! HOTEL'S ROOMS & FACILITIES DET]IORAT$1 & ! BOSSES BEGAN LAY+ (F WORK]S4 ,! REMA9+ WORK]S W]E FIR$ 9 ,DECEMB] #b#a4 ,! BOSSES AB&ON$ ! HOTEL LOCAT$ ON A MAJOR AV5UE 9 D[NT[N ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 BO>D+ IT UP & ALL[+ IT TO BECOME AN EYESORE1 REM9D+ ! CITY ( ! IMP5D+ F9ANCIAL CRISIS & WIDESPREAD UNEMPLOYM5T ! NATION FAC$4 

,! DECISION TO OCCUPY CAME 9 #b#c1 TWO YE>S AFT] ! 9ITIAL CLOSURE4 ,NE>LY ?IRTY WORK]S1 ALONG ) SUPPORT]S FROM O!R OCCUPI$ FACTORIES & WORK]S' MOVEM5TS1 P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! ACTION4 ,! WORK]S FIR/ HELD AN ASSEMBLY AT ,*ILAV]T1 A PR9T+ PRESS COLLECTIVELY RUN BY ITS WORK]S S9CE #b#b4 ,!RE ! WORK]S VOT$ TO OCCUPY ! HOTEL4 

,>M9DA ,PALACIOS WORK$ AS A SEAM/RESS AT ! HOTEL = OV] TW5TY YE>S & PLAY$ A KEY ROLE 9 ! OCCUPATION4 ,H] ACC\NT ( ! OCCUPATION R+S ) EMOTION1 :I* %E DESCRIBES AS A TURN+ PO9T 9 H] LIFE AS A WORK]4 ,! OCCUPI]S 5T]$ ?R\< AN ADJAC5T HOTEL ON ! BLOCK4 ,:5 !Y GOT TO ! GATE ?AT CONNECT$ ! TWO HOTELS 9 ! BASEM5T !Y MADE A PIVOTAL DECISION TO BREAK 94 0,!RE WAS A SMALL LOCK4 ,WE CUT IT (F & WE WALK$ 910 SAID ,PALACIOS GIV+ ! IMPRESSION ?AT ! [N]S W]E ASSUR$ ?AT ! PRIVATE PROP]TY WAS SO SACR$ ?AT NO ONE W\LD QUE/ION ! FRAUDUL5T BANKRUPTCY4 ,IMM$IATELY AFT]W>DS1 ! WORK]S W5T TO ! RECEPTION >EA & HUDDL$ TOGE!R 9 TE>S :5 !Y REALIZ$ :AT !Y HAD ACCOMPLI%$3 SAV+ !IR JOBS & RECOV]+ !IR DIGNITY4 

,S9CE ! WORK]S' OCCUPATION1 ! SPACE HAS TRANS=M$ 9TO A MOD]N-DAY COMMUNE1 A F> CRY FROM ! ORIG9S ( ! HOTEL ) TIES TO ! NATION'S BLOODY MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP--:I* =CEFULLY 0DISAPPE>$0 #c1 WORK]S1 ACTIVI/S1 & /UD5TS4 ,HOTEL ,B,A,U,5 WAS BUILT 9 #ai< ) LOANS FROM ! MILIT>Y JUNTA :I* DICTAT$ ! NATION FROM #a#i#g#f-#a#i#h#c4 ,>G5T9A'S NATIONAL SOCC] TEAM TOOK ! #ai< ,WORLD ,CUP & ! MILIT>Y US$ ! WORLD *AMPION%IP AS A M$IA CAMPAIGN TO COV] UP ! GRUESOME HUMAN RI<TS ABUSES OCCURR+ AT ! TIME4 ,GUE/S AT ! HOTEL1 AMONG :OM W]E HI<-PR(ILE MILIT>Y & GOV]NM5T REPS1 *ANT$ A C\NT]-HUMAN-RI<TS SLOGAN3 0,SOMOS D]E*OS Y HUMANOS60 7,WE >E RI<T & HUMAN6 7 ,!Y *E]$ ) ! ,>G5T9E FLAG 9 H&1 AS ?\S&S ( WOM5 & M5 CRI$ 9 T]ROR :ILE UND]GO+ 9DESCRIBABLE TORTURE SESSIONS2 AS ! MILIT>Y DRUGG$ PRISON]S & !N DROPP$ !IR BODIES 9TO ! ,ATLANTIC ,OCEAN 9 ! VUELOS DE MU]TE1 OR DEA? FLI<TS4 0,?IS HOTEL WAS A SYMBOL ( ! DICTATOR%IP3 ( ! REPRESSION & LOOT+ ?AT ?IS C\NTRY 5DUR$10 SAID ,RAUL ,GODOY1 A WORK] FROM ! ,ZANON C]AMICS PLANT1 ! L>GE/ RECUP]AT$ FACTORY 9 ,>G5T9A 9 ! ,PATAGONIAN PROV9CE ( ,NEUQU54 0,N[ ?IS HOTEL IS A SYMBOL ( ! WORK]S1 ! WORK]S ?AT >E BEG9N+ TO RECOV] FROM #c1 DISAPPE>ANCES & TAKE BACK :AT WAS /OL5 FROM US40 

,HOTEL ,B,A,U,5'S ORIG9AL [N]1 ,M>CELO ,IURCOVI*1 RECEIV$ MORE ?AN #e MILLION TO CON/RUCT ! ,B,A,U,51 ) A GOV]NM5T LOAN FROM ! ,NATIONAL ,DEVELOPM5T ,BANK 7,B,A,N,A,D,E74 ,IURCOVI* NEV] HELD ! HOTEL UP TO SAFETY 9SPECTION CODES1 & NEV] PAID BACK /ATE LOANS4 ,HE RAN UP DEBTS & COMMITT$ TAX EVASION :ILE MAK+ MILLIONS ( DOLL>S 9 PR(ITS & ACQUIR+ TWO MORE HOTELS4 ,?R\<\T ! '#iS ! HOTEL BECAME ! EMBLEMATIC SYMBOL ( NEOLIB]ALISM1 S]V+ AS ! ELECTION BUNK] = =M] PRESID5T ,C>LOS ,M5EM 7#a#i#h#i-#a#i#i#i71 :O1 IRONICALLY1 HAS BE5 BLAM$ = RU9+ ! NATION'S ECONOMY ?R\< PRIVATIZATION & REACTION>Y FREE M>KET POLICIES4 

,9 #b#h1 ,VICTORIA ,DONDA1 A NATIONAL DEPUTY :OSE MO!R & FA!R W]E DISAPPE>$ BY ! MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP1 SPONSOR$ AN EXPROPRIATION LAW 9 ! NATIONAL CONGRESS ?AT W\LD GIVE ! ,B,A,U,5 LEGALITY4 0,! PURPOSE ( ! BILL IS = ! HOTEL TO BE EXPROPRIAT$ BY ! ,/ATE & = ! WORK]S TO MANAGE IT4 ,WE >E FI<T+ = A LAW TO DECL>E ?IS WORKPLACE1 :I* ALREADY BELONGS TO ! COMMUNITY 9 ,BU5OS ,AIRES & ! PEOPLE1 TO DECL>E IT PUBLIC DOMA940 ,DONDA'S PA/ WAS ALSO CL\D$ BY ! T]ROR ( ! MILIT>Y JUNTA4 ,%E WAS BORN AT ! ,E,S,M,A 7,MILIT>Y ,NAVY ,ME*ANICS ,S*OOL71 ! NATION'S L>GE/ CL&E/9E DET5TION C5T]1 :ILE H] MO!R WAS 9 CAPTIVITY4 ,%E IS ONE ( ! #e *ILDR5 BORN & KIDNAPP$ BY ! MILIT>Y & BY PEOPLE ) CONNECTIONS TO ! MILIT>Y FROM #a#i#g#f-#a#i#h#c4.<#c#e#a.> 

,NE>LY ?IRTY WORK]S OCCUPI$ ! ,B,A,U,5 :5 IT WAS FIR/ TAK5 OV] 9 #b#c4 ,TODAY ! COOP]ATIVE EMPLOYS MORE ?AN #a#e4 ,! ,B,A,U,5 COOP]ATIVE HAS PROV5 ?AT WORK]S CAN EFFICI5TLY MANAGE HOTEL S]VICES1 BUT ALSO DEMON/RAT$ CREATIVITY 9 OP5+ ?IS SPACE TO ! CULTURAL & SOCIAL MOVEM5TS 9 ! CITY4 ,ON A LOCAL LEVEL1 ,B,A,U,5 ,HOTEL HAS P>TICIPAT$ 9 EF=TS AT COALITION BUILD+ & ! DEVELOPM5T ( A BROAD MUTUAL SUPPORT NETWORK4 ,9 ! MID/ ( LEGAL /RUGGLES & SUCCESSFULLY RUNN+ A PROM95T HOTEL1 ! COOP]ATIVE'S MEMB]S HAV5'T =GOTT5 !IR ROOTS4 ,! WORK]-RUN HOTEL HAS BECOME A POLITICAL C5T] = MOVEM5T ORGANIZ+4 

,DIRECT ACTION L$ TO ! ,B,A,U,5 COLLECTIVE R$EF9+ ! WORKPLACE ON ?REE FRONTS3 /RUGGLE1 CULTURE1 & WORK4 ,HOTEL ,B,A,U,5 S]VES AS A MEET+ PLACE = WORK]1 HUMAN RI<TS1 & 5VIRONM5TAL JU/ICE ORGANIZATIONS4 ,SUBWAY DELEGATES :O HAVE BE5 ORGANIZ+ AN AUTONOM\S1 9DEP5D5T UNION USE ! ,B,A,U,5 AS A MEET+ SPACE & V5UE = PRESS CONF]5CES :5 ANN\NC+ WILDCAT /RIKES4 ,HUMAN RI<TS ORGANIZATIONS LIKE ! ,MO!RS ( ,PLAZA DE ,MAYO1 ,H,I,J,O,S1 & 9T]NATIONAL 9TELLECTUALS SU* AS ,NOAM ,*OMSKY1 ,IMMANUEL ,WALL]/E91 & ,MI*AEL ,ALB]T HAVE EXPRESS$ !IR SUPPORT ( ! ,HOTEL ,B,A,U,5'S COMMITM5T TO WORK] CONTROL4 ,NORA ,CORT9AS1 PRESID5T ( ! ,MO!RS ( ,PLAZA DE ,MAYO'S F\ND+ *APT]1 HAS CONFIRM$ H] COMMITM5T TO DEF5D+ ! ,B,A,U,5 ,HOTEL4 ,:5 ASK$ H[ %E W\LD DEF5D ! ,B,A,U,5 %E SAID1 0,LIKE ?IS10 :ILE /RIK+ A BOX]'S POSE READY TO DELIV] ! KNOCK\T PUN*4 

,ON ! CULTURAL FRONT1 ! ,HOTEL ,B,A,U,5 HAS HELD NUM]\S /REET FE/IVALS 9 DEF5SE ( WORK]S' CONTROL4 ,?\S&S ATT5D$ A /REET FE/IVAL 9 ,NOVEMB] #bh = A NATIONAL EXPROPRIATION LAW = ,HOTEL ,B,A,U,5 :]E ,>G5T9E ROCK LEG5D1 ,LEON ,GIECO1 P]=M$4 ,9SIDE ! HOTEL1 MANY COLLECTIVES HAVE P]=M$ FUNDRAIS+ %[S = ! ,B,A,U,5 & O!R SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 

,9 ORD] TO SURVIVE1 ! ,B,A,U,5 COOP]ATIVE HAS RESI/$ LEGAL ATTACKS & AN UNC]TA9 FUTURE4 ,DESPITE NUM]\S EVICTION ORD]S & LACK ( LEGAL SUPPORT1 ! ,B,A,U,5 COOP]ATIVE HAS CONT9U$ TO OP]ATE SUCCESSFUL HOTEL S]VICES1 CONV9C$ ?AT !Y HAVE A LEGITIMATE RI<T TO WORK )\T A BOSS4 ,! GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS HAS BR\<T NEGATIVE CONSEQU5CES = BUS9ESS AT ! HOTEL AS T\RISM CONT9UES TO DROP4 ,MANY ( ! OCCUPI$ FACTORIES HAVE HAD TO =GE AUTONOM\S SOLUTIONS TO LEGAL & M>KET *ALL5GES4 ,/ATE REPRES5TATIVES HAVE BE5 RELUCTANT TO PUT 9TO MOTION AN EVICTION ATTEMPT1 S5S+ ?AT BECAUSE ( ! ,B,A,U,5 ,HOTEL'S /RATEGIC LOCATION & ABILITY TO RALLY SUPPORT1 EF=TS AT EVICTION W\LD RESULT 9 A CO/LY BLOODBA?4 ,SUBWAY WORK]S HAVE ?REAT5$ A TOTAL CITY TRANSPORT %UTD[N IF ! C\RTS W]E TO SANCTION A POLICE OP]ATION TO EVICT ! HOTEL COLLECTIVE4 

,! ,B,A,U,5 ,HOTEL HAS DEMON/RAT$ ?AT ?R\< DIRECT ACTION WORK]S CAN AV5GE !IR HI/ORIC EXPLOITATION BY EXPROPRIAT+ SYMBOLS ( NEOLIB]ALISM & OPPRESSION = ! B5EFIT ( ! COMMUNITY & WORK+ CLASS4 ,S9CE ! WORK]S BROKE ! *A9S PROTECT+ PRIVATE PROP]TY1 !IR LIVES & ! WORKPLACE HAVE TRANS=M$ 9TO A LIB]ATORY SPACE4 ,:]EAS ! HOTEL HAD BE5 A D>K SYMBOL ( ! NATION'S /ATE REPRESSION & NEOLIB]AL POLICIES1 TODAY IT SYMBOLIZES WORK+-CLASS RESI/ANCE & CULTURE4 

,HIDE-&-,SEEK ,CAPITALISM 

,A NUMB] ( FACTORS SET (F EA* ( ! OCCUPATIONS 9 ,>G5T9A4 ,:5 ASK$ :Y ! WORK]S MADE ! DECISION TO OCCUPY1 #gg P]C5T ANSW]$ ?AT ! BOSSES [$ ! WORK]S UNPAID SAL>IES2 #da P]C5T ANSW]$ ?AT ! COMPANY W5T BANKRUPT2 #ce P]C5T SAID ?AT ! COMPANY ATTEMPT$ TO LIQUIDATE ASSETS_/EMPTY \T ! FACTORY2 #bi P]C5T PO9T$ \T WORK 9/ABILITY AS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR2 #bi P]C5T ANSW]$ ?AT !Y W]E EXPECT+ IMP5D+ FIR+2 & #ah P]C5T ANSW]$ ?AT ! BOSS OR [N] HAD AB&ON$ ! WORKPLACE4.<#c#e#b.> 

,MO/ ( ! WORK] TAKEOV]S W]E ACTIONS TO GU>ANTEE ?AT ! [N]S W\LDN'T BE ABLE TO LIQUIDATE ASSETS BE=E FIL+ BANKRUPTCY TO AVOID PAY+ WORK]S 9DEMNITIES & BACK SAL>IES4 ,WORK]S' DEM&S /EADILY GREW FROM MEASURES TO SAFEGU>D !IR JOBS TO ! IDEA ( IMPLEM5T+ A SY/EM ( SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,) LITTLE HOPE ?AT BOSSES W\LD EV] RETURN TO PAY WORK]S :AT !Y [$1 !Y DEVIS$ PLANS TO />T UP PRODUCTION ) NO BOSS OR [N] :ATSOEV]4 

,BOSSES AB&ON+ !IR WORKPLACES W]E A COMMON IMPETUS = ! WORK]S' OCCUPATIONS4 ,?IS WAS ! CASE ( ,LA ,NUEVA ,ESP]ANZA COOP]ATIVE1 A BALLOON COMPANY =M]LY KN[N AS ,GLOBAL1 :I* EMPLOY$ MORE ?AN EI<TY WORK]S 9 ! #a#i#hS4 ,AT ! TIME ( ! FACTORY'S CLOSURE1 ! PLANT ONLY EMPLOY$ =TY WORK]S4 ,:5 ! WORK]S CAME TO WORK ON A ,MONDAY 9 #b#d1 TO !IR SURPRISE ! FACTORY'S GATE WAS CLOS$ ) A SIGN READ+1 0CLOS$ UNTIL FUR!R NOTICE40 ,!Y JUMP$ ! F5CE TO F9D ?AT ! FACTORY'S MA*9]Y HAD BE5 TAK5 AWAY--ESS5TIALLY ! WORK]S F\ND ! PLANT RANSACK$4 0,WE DIDN'T KN[ :AT TO DO4 ,! FIR/ IDEA WE HAD WAS TO SET (F ! FACTORY'S SECURITY AL>M SO ! [N] W\LD %[ HIS FACE10 SAID ,CLAUDIA1 A Y\NG WORK] ) NE>LY T5 YE>S AT ! PLANT4 ,! [N]1 ,JORGE ,SAS9SKY1 NEV] %[$ UP1 HAV+ [$ TAXES1 F\R YE>S 9 UNPAID SAL>IES1 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WORK]S' SOCIAL SECURITY FUNDS1 UNPAID VACATION TIME1 & CA% TO SUPPLI]S4 

,NEI<BORS LIV+ NEXT TO ! PLANT 9 A RESID5TIAL NEI<BORHOOD 9 ,BU5OS ,AIRES 9=M$ ! WORK]S ?AT ON ,FRIDAY AFT] !Y F9I%$ !IR %IFTS AT #e P4M41 !Y SAW MOV+ TRUCKS & M5 REMOV+ MA*9]Y FROM ! PLANT4 ,! BALLOON WORK]S 9T]VIEW$ SAID ?AT !Y IMM$IATELY SET \T ON AN 9DEP5D5T 9VE/IGATION TO F9D \T :]E ! BOSS TOOK ! MA*9]Y4 ,!Y DISCOV]$ ?AT ! BOSS HAD TRANSF]R$ ! BALLOON MANUFACTUR+ EQUIPM5T TO A W>EH\SE 9 A NE>BY SUBURBAN CITY \TSIDE ( ! CAPITAL1 9 AN 9DU/RIAL BELT1 BUT !Y DIDN'T KN[ EXACTLY :]E4 0,!RE >E A LOT ( FACTORIES 9 ?AT >EA2 FACTORY [N]S GET SUSPICI\S IF !Y SEE A GR\P ( WORK]S KNOCK+ ON FACTORY DOORS & ASK+ QUE/IONS4 ,BUT WE KEPT LOOK+10 SAID ,N]EO1 A VET]AN WORK] AT ! FACTORY4 ,AFT] DAYS ( SE>*+1 & LOS+ :AT LITTLE HOPE !Y HAD LEFT ( F9D+ ! 0FACTORY10 ?REE WORK]S P]SEV]$ 9 !IR HUNT4 

,READY TO GIVE UP1 BALLOON PRODUC]S SAW A MAN SWEEP+ ! SIDEWALK \TSIDE ( A FACTORY & ASK$ HIM IF HE HAD SE5 ANY SIGN ( A FACTORY OP5+4 ,HE TIPP$ !M (F ( A NE>BY DEPOSIT W>EH\SE4 ,IT OCCURR$ TO ,N]EO TO OP5 ONE ( ! G>BAGE BAGS \TSIDE ! W>EH\SE4 0,9SIDE ,I F\ND--! FACTORY--,I MEAN BALLOONS40 

,IMM$IATELY ! WORK]S SET UP CAMP \TSIDE ! W>EH\SE TO DEM& !IR JOBS1 UNPAID SAL>IES1 OR SEV]ANCE PAY4 ,! DESP]ATE SITUATION DRAGG$ ON = MON?S4 ,! WORK]S ROTAT$ %IFTS AT ! SIT-94 ,JUDGES FROM ! LABOR C\RTS & GOV]NM5T REPRES5TATIVES REFUS$ TO HE> ! WORK]S' CLAIMS4 ,! TRU/EE H&L+ ! WORK]S' CLAIMS NEV] MET ) ! WORK]S4 ,N[ JOBLESS & BROKE1 ! WORK]S RELI$ ON \TSIDE SUPPORT TO SURVIVE4 0,PEOPLE :O Y\ DON'T EV5 KN[ BR+ Y\ C(FEE1 SUG>1 Y]BA MATE4 ,WE C\LDN'T BELIEVE ! SUPPORT ?AT WE GOT10 SAID ,EVA1 A WORK] AT ! FACTORY = MORE ?AN TW5TY YE>S4 ,! SOLID>ITY !Y RECEIV$ *ANG$ !IR P]SPECTIVES & \TLOOK4 ,!Y ALSO DESCRIBE H[ UNIT+ AS WORK]S :ILE CAMP+ \T GAVE !M ! C\RAGE TO =M A COOP]ATIVE & TAKE ACTION4 ,= MORE ?AN EI<T MON?S1 EI<TE5 WORK]S MA9TA9$ ! SIT-9 \TSIDE ! FACTORY UNTIL !Y W]E VIOL5TLY ATTACK$4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! WORK]S1 FOLL[+ A NEWS REPORT ?AT AIR$ ON TELEVISION ! BOSS S5T LACKEYS TO BEAT !M4 ,:ILE TWO WOM5 W]E GU>D+ ! T5T1 A GR\P ( M5 ATTACK$ !M1 HITT+ ONE WORK] OV] ! HEAD ) A BOTTLE4 ,?AT'S :5 ! WORK]S DECID$3 0,5\< IS 5\<40 

,ALONG ) O!R SOCIAL MOVEM5TS & WORK]S FROM OCCUPI$ FACTORIES1 ! EX-,GLOBAL WORK]S VOT$ TO EXPROPRIATE ! MA*9]Y & TAKE IT BACK TO ! ORIG9AL1 BUT N[ AB&ON$ PLANT4 ,WORK]S FROM ,I,M,P,A1 A RECOV]$ METALLURGICAL FACTORY 9 ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 PROVID$ TRUCKS S9CE !Y C\LDN'T 0R5T0 TRUCKS TO MOVE EQUIPM5T ?AT LEGALLY DIDN'T BELONG TO ! WORK]S4 ,O!R ACTIVI/S FROM ! RECUP]AT$ 5T]PRISES1 9CLUD+ ! ,*ILAV]T PR9T+ %OP1 ,B,A,U,5 ,HOTEL1 & ,CON=TI1 ALSO P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! EXPROPRIATION4 ,ONE WORK] DESCRIBES H[ HE PACK$ UP ! TRUCK UNTIL ! LA/ PIECE ( MA*9]Y WAS LOAD$4 ,(T5 TIMES1 WORK]S FROM RECUP]AT$ 5T]PRISES HAVE DECID$ TO CEASE PRODUCTION AT !IR WORKPLACE TO P>TICIPATE 9 SOLID>ITY ACTIONS ) O!R OCCUPI$ SITES--! IDEA BE+ SI NOS TOCAN A UNO1 NOS TOCAN A TODOS1 7IF !Y MESS ) ONE ( US1 !Y MESS ) ALL ( US47 

,TOGE!R !Y 5T]$ ! PLANT 9 ! SUBURBS1 MOV$ ! MA*9ES ONTO TRUCKS1 & BR\<T ! MA*9ES BACK TO ! FACTORY 9 ! CAPITAL4 ,:5 !Y W]E UNLOAD+ ! LA/ TRUCK ! POLICE %[$ UP4 ,!Y CALL$ = BACKUP & FIVE PATROL C>S CAME4 ,! POLICE TOLD !M !Y C\LDN'T UNLOAD ! TRUCK1 & ! WORK]S RESI/$ UNTIL !Y W]E ABLE TO UNLOAD ! LA/ COMPRESSOR4 ,VIDEO FOOTAGE %[S ! WORK]S1 SUPPORT]S1 & O!R OCCUPI]S HURRI$LY LOCK+ ! GATE TO PREV5T POLICE FROM RAID+ ! PLANT4 

,:5 ! WORK]S >RIV$ AT ! PLANT1 !Y F\ND IT 9 RU9S & A P>T ( ! DEPOSIT >EA BURN D[N4 ,TO ASSURE ?AT ! WORK]S W\LDN'T TRY TO OCCUPY IT1 ! =M] [N] SET FIRE TO ! PLANT1 ACCORD+ TO ! WORK]S4 ,MO/ ( !M HAD PRODUC$ BALLOONS = ! COMPANY = AT LEA/ SEV]AL DECADES AT ! FACTORY4 

,ANO!R /AGE 9 ! /RUGGLE IMPLI$ ! FI<T = LEGALIZATION4 ,! WORK]S HAD TO CONV9CE LEGISLATIVE REPRES5TATIVES TO SUPPORT AN EXPROPRIATION BILL TO H& OV] ! REAL E/ATE & MA*9]Y TO ! COOP]ATIVE4 ,= FIVE MON?S1 ! WORK]S OCCUPI$ ! FACTORY ILLEGALLY4 ,ON ,SEPTEMB] #b#b1 #b#e1 ! CITY LEGISLATURE GRANT$ ! ,LA ,NUEVA ,ESP]ANZA COOP]ATIVE TEMPOR>Y EXPROPRIATION & LEGAL RI<TS4 0,I NEV] ?\<T ?AT ,I W\LD BE WORK+ 9 A COOP]ATIVE2 WE FEEL AS IF ! FACTORY BELONGS TO US & WE'RE RUNN+ IT P]HAPS BETT] ?AN ! =M] [N]10 SAID ,CLAUDIA4 

,9 MANY ( ! OCCUPATIONS1 ! BOSSES (T5 PLAY$ A GAME ( HIDE-&-GO-SEEK CAPITALISM4 ,BOSSES HAVE TO HIDE BECAUSE :AT !Y >E DO+ IS UNE?ICAL1 UNFAIR1 EXPLOITIVE1 & (T5 TIMES ILLEGAL4 ,! PO/-MOD]N !ORI/ ,MI*EL ,F\CAULT POS$ ! FOLL[+ QUE/ION 9 HIS BOOK ,DISCIPL9E & ,PUNI%3 ,! ,BIR? ( ! ,PRISON3 0,IS IT SURPRIS+ ?AT PRISONS RESEMBLE FACTORIES1 S*OOLS1 B>RACKS1 HOSPITALS80 ,GIV5 ! NATURE ( MOD]N CAPITALISM1 IT IS NOT SURPRIS+--FACTORIES1 9 FACT1 RESEMBLE PRISONS 9 !IR LAY\T & ORGANIZATION ( TIME1 AS ,F\CAULT SUGGE/S4 ,! FACTORY 9 MOD]N GLOBALIZATION S]VES AS A LOCATION = MANUFACTUR+ ?AT CAN DISAPPE> & REAPPE> ACROSS BORD]S--SPACES ?AT >E HIDD5 FROM ! GAZE ( SOCIETY SO !Y CAN EXPLOIT & CONTROL WORK]S TOIL+ 9SIDE ) IMPUNITY4 ,MANY TRANSNATIONAL MANUFACTUR+ SITES C\LD BE CONSID]$ MOD]N-DAY PRISONS--) WORK]S LABOR+ = NE>LY SLAVE WAGES = UNRE/RICT$ WORKDAYS & 9 DEPLORABLE CONDITIONS1 BUSS$ 9TO EXT5SIVE LABYR9?S ( B>B$ WIRE & F5CES LIKE ! LITTLE M$IA HAS %[N VIEW]S ( MAQUILADORAS 9 FREE TRADE ZONES4 ,& MANY PRISONS HAVE BE5 TRANS=M$ 9TO MOD]N-DAY FACTORIES ) CORPORATIONS PAY+ 9MATES LESS ?AN HUMANE WAGES TO MANUFACTURE PRODUCTS4 ,9 ! CASE ( ,GLOBAL BALLOONS1 ! [N] AB&ON$ ! OLD PLANT & WORK]S TO OP5 A NEW FACTORY ) NEW WORK]S WILL+ TO ACCEPT L[] WAGES & HI<] PRODUCTION RATES4 ,! WORK]S HAD TO F9D !IR BOSS1 :O 0DISAPPE>$0 9TO ?9 AIR1 TO MAKE !IR DEM&S4 ,! BOSS DIDN'T C\NT ON ! WORK]S W9N+ ?IS GAME ( HIDE-&-GO-SEEK4 

,! WORK]S1 ON ! O!R H&1 HAVE OP5$ !IR FACTORIES UND] WORK] CONTROL TO ! COMMUNITY4 ,NO LONG] DO ! SITES HAVE GU>DS & GATES TO KEEP \TSID]S \T--!Y HAVE 9VIT$ /UD5TS1 ACTIVI/S1 & O!R WORK]S TO VISIT ! FACTORY TO SEE :AT !Y HAVE ACCOMPLI%$3 CREAT+ JOBS ) DIGNITY & BUILD+ DEMOCRATIC WORKPLACES4 ,!SE SITES HAVE ALSO FO/]$ CULTURAL SPACES & COMMUNITY PROGRAMS4 ,MORE ?AN TW5TY-?REE ADULT $UCATION PROGRAMS OP]ATE 9 RECUP]AT$ 5T]PRISES & ! FACTORY HAS N[ BECOME A CLASSROOM = HUNDR$S ( ADULTS4 ,*ILAV]T PR9T+ %OP1 ,B,A,U,5 ,HOTEL1 & ,ZANON C]AMICS FACTORY REGUL>LY HO/ S*OOL*ILDR5 :O T\R ! SITES TO LE>N ?AT WORK]S CAN SUCCESSFULLY RUN A BUS9ESS )\T A BOSS OR [N]1 :]E ALL WORK]S >E EQUAL--A CONCEPT *ILDR5 F9D 9SPIR+ & FASC9AT+4 

,SYNDICALISM & ,SELF-MANAGEM5T 

0,REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM1 BAS+ ITSELF ON ! CLASS-W>1 AIMS AT ! UNION ( ALL MANUAL & 9TELLECTUAL WORK]S 9 ECONOMIC FI<T+ ORGANIZATIONS /RUGGL+ = !IR EMANCIPATION FROM ! YOKE ( WAGE SLAV]Y & FROM ! OPPRESSION ( ! ,/ATE4 ,ITS GOAL CONSI/S 9 ! RE-ORGANIZATION ( SOCIAL LIFE ON ! BASIS ( FREE ,COMMUNISM1 BY MEANS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ACTION ( ! WORK+-CLASS ITSELF40--,RUDOLF ,ROCK] 

,AS ! L>GE/ RECUP]AT$ FACTORY 9 ,>G5T9A1 ! ,ZANON C]AMICS FACTORY HAS R$EF9$ ! BASES ( PRODUCTION3 )\T WORK]S1 PRODUCTION IS IMPOSSIBLE & )\T BOSSES1 PRODUCTION FL\RI%ES4 ,ZANON1 /ILL ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA'S L>GE/ C]AMICS MANUFACTUR]1 IS LOCAT$ 9 ! ,PATAGONIAN PROV9CE ( ,NEUQU51 A REGION ) RI* WORK+-CLASS TRADITIONS & HI/ORY4 ,! WORK]S (FICIALLY DECL>$ ! FACTORY UND] WORK] CONTROL 9 ,OCTOB] #ba FOLL[+ A BOSSES' LOCK\T4 

,9 #b#a1 ,ZANON'S [N]S HAD DECID$ TO CLOSE ITS DOORS & FIRE ! WORK]S )\T PAY+ MON?S ( BACK PAY OR SEV]ANCE PAY4 ,LEAD+ UP TO ! MASSIVE LAY(FS & PLANT'S CLOSURE1 WORK]S HAD GONE ON /RIKE 9 #b4 ,! [N]1 ,LUIS ,ZANON1 ) OV] @s#g#e MILLION 9 DEBT TO PUBLIC & PRIVATE CR$ITORS 79CLUD+ ! ,WORLD ,BANK = OV] @s#b MILLION71 FIR$ MO/ ( ! WORK]S 5 MASSE & CLOS$ ! FACTORY 9 #b#a--A BOSSES' LOCK\T4 ,9 ,OCTOB] #b#a1 WORK]S DECL>$ ! PLANT UND] WORK] CONTROL4 ,! WORK]S SUBSEQU5TLY CAMP$ \TSIDE ! FACTORY = F\R MON?S1 PAMPHLETE]+ & P>TIALLY BLOCK+ A HI<WAY LEAD+ TO ! CAPITAL CITY ( ,NEUQU54 ,:ILE ! WORK]S W]E CAMP+ \TSIDE ! FACTORY1 A C\RT RUL$ ?AT ! EMPLOYES C\LD SELL (F REMA9+ /OCK4 ,AFT] ! /OCK RAN \T1 ON ,M>* #b1 #b#b1 ! WORK]S' ASSEMBLY VOT$ TO />T UP PRODUCTION )\T A BOSS4 

,S9CE ! OCCUPATION1 ! WORK]S R5AM$ ! FACTORY ,F,A,S,9,P,A,T 7,FACTORY )\T A ,BOSS74 ,! ,ZANON WORK]S HAVE GR[N FROM A GR\P ( WORK]S SELF-MANAG+ A UNION ORGANIZATION TO A COLLECTIVE SELF-MANAG+ A FACTORY UND] WORK] CONTROL4 ,OM> ,VILLABLANCA1 A Y\NG WORK]1 SAID ?AT WORK] CONTROL W\LDN'T HAVE BE5 POSSIBLE )\T ! UNION ORGANIZ+ EF=TS PREVI\S TO ! OCCUPATION4 0,ZANON IS :AT IT IS TODAY BECAUSE ! WORK]S RECUP]AT$ ! FACTORY'S 9T]NAL TRADE UNION4 ,IF WE HADN'T WON BACK ! UNION1 ,ZANON W\LDN'T BE FUNCTION+ UND] WORK] CONTROL4 ,! ,ZANON WORK]S LE>N$ FROM ! LESSONS ( ! 9T]NAL UNION & LI/5+ TO WORK]S ORGANIZ+ 9 O!R FACTORIES40 

,PRIOR TO ! TAKEOV] 9 #b#a1 WORK]S ORGANIZ$ & WON CONTROL ( ! C]AMICS UNION4 ,A %OP-FLOOR MOVEM5T WON UNION REPRES5TATION ELECTIONS 9SIDE ! FACTORY 9 LATE #a#i#i#h1 \/+ ! OLD UNION DELEGATE TI$ TO ! BUREAUCRACY & ! EMPLOY]S4 ,9 #b1 DELEGATES FROM ! RANK-&-FILE MOVEM5T WON ! PROV9CIAL-WIDE ELECTIONS ( ! ,NEUQU5 ,C]AMI/S ,UNION BY A ?REE-TO-ONE M>G94 ,BY #b#g1 HAV+ OP]AT$ F\R YE>S UND] WORK] CONTROL1 ,NEUQU5 ,C]AMI/S ,UNION ASSEMBLY VOT$ 9 FAVOR ( A NEW UNION /ATUTE RE9V5T+ ! DEMOCRATIC PR9CIPLES & GUIDEL9ES = ! UNION 9SPIR$ BY ! ,SPANI% AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ TRADE UNION1 ! ,G5]AL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR 7OR ,C,G,T74 

,)\T SUPPORT FROM ! UNION1 WORK]S HELD A /RIKE 9 #b FOLL[+ ! DEA? ( ,DANIEL ,F]RAS1 A TW5TY-TWO-YE>-OLD WORK] :O DI$ 9 ! FACTORY DUE TO LACK ( EM]G5CY M$ICAL C>E & EMPLOY] NEGLIG5CE4 ,! EI<T-DAY WORK /OPPAGE =C$ ! COMPANY TO PROVIDE AN AMBULANCE ON SITE & =M A JO9T COMMISSION ( WORK]S & MANAG]S TO OV]SEE PRODUCTION SAFETY )9 ! FACTORY4 

,:ILE ,F,A,S,9,P,A,T 9CLUDES A DIV]SE >RAY ( POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES & BACKGR\NDS1 9 NUM]\S PUBLIC TALKS ,I HAVE HE>D WORK]S REF]5CE ! HI/ORIC EXAMPLE ( AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATIONS ?AT ORGANIZ$ SELF-MANAG$ WORK PLACES DUR+ ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL-,W>4 ,! ,ZANON WORK]S' EXP]I5CE ( FI<T+ = CONTROL ( A MASS UNION PRIOR TO ! WORK] TAKE-OV] AT ! PLANT HELP$ CREATE A PREC$5T ( COLLECTIVELY SELF-MANAG+ A /RUGGLE )9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,IT ALSO HELP$ TO DEVELOP 9 ! WORK]S A S5SE ( !IR P[] TO RUN ?+S4 ,9 ?IS CASE1 ! S5SE ( SELF-MANAG+ A UNION /RUGGLE L$ TO ! AUTOGE/ION ( A MASSIVE FACTORY4 

,C5TRAL TO ! ORGANIZATION AT ,F,A,S,9,P,A,T IS ! NOTION ( CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,AT ! FACTORY1 ! WORK]S TRANSMIT !IR ID5TITY AS WORK]S 9 SOCIAL CONFLICT ) ! CAPITALI/ & MANAG]IAL CLASSES ) A P]SPECTIVE ( EMANCIPATION = ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,BEYOND WORK] CONTROL AT ,F,A,S,9,P,A,T1 ! WORK] G5]AL ASSEMBLIES HELD AT ! PLANT (T5 DISCUSS ISSUES RELAT$ TO LABOR CONFLICTS ?R\<\T ,>G5T9A4 ,! ASSEMBLY HAS VOT$ TO CONTRIBUTE TO NUM]\S /RIKE FUNDS & TO P>TICIPATE REGUL>LY & PHYSICALLY 9 PROTE/S 9 SUPPORT ( SOCIAL MOVEM5TS LOCALLY & NATIONALLY4 

,! ,ZANON OCCUPATION TOOK PLACE 9 ! CONTEXT ( AN EXPLOSION ( SOCIAL MOVEM5TS & POLITICAL ORGANIZ+4 ,LEAD+ UP TO ! POPUL> REBELLION 9 ,DECEMB] #b#a1 9 :I* =M] ,PRESID5T ,F]N&O DE LA ,RUA WAS \/$1 UNEMPLOY$ WORK] ORGANIZATIONS W]E BLOCK+ HI<WAYS ?R\<\T ! NATION TO DEM& REAL JOBS & A SOLUTION TO ! DEEP5+ ECONOMIC CRISIS ?AT LEFT MORE ?AN #e P]C5T ( ! POPULATION 9 DIRE POV]TY4 ,! UNEMPLOY$ WORK] ORGANIZATIONS1 OR PIQUET]OS1 W]E ALSO BUILD+ NETWORKS ( POPUL> MOVEM5TS BAS$ ON ! IDEALS ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 AUTONOMY1 & DIRECT ACTION4 ,POPUL> NEI<BORHOOD ASSEMBLIES W]E APPE>+ 9 NEI<BORHOODS 9 NE>LY ALL METROPOLITAN >EAS1 OCCUPY+ BANKS & O!R AB&ON$ SPACES TO PROVIDE AUTONOM\S SOLUTIONS TO LOCAL PROBLEMS4 

,MANY ( ! OCCUPI$ FACTORIES HAVE HAD TO PHYSICALLY RESI/ EVICTION ATTEMPTS4 ,AT ,ZANON1 ! GOV]NM5T HAS TRI$ TO EVICT ! FACTORY COLLECTIVE FIVE TIMES ) MASSIVE POLICE OP]ATIONS4 ,COMMUNITY SUPPORT = ,ZANON HAS CULM9AT$ TO SU* A LEVEL ?AT ! GOV]NM5T HAS HAD TO BACK D[N4 ,ON ,APRIL #h1 #b#c1 MORE ?AN #e1 COMMUNITY MEMB]S FROM ,NEUQU5 DEF5D$ ! FACTORY1 SURR\ND+ IT1 DEMON/RAT+ !IR WILL+NESS TO PUT !IR BODIES ON ! L9E TO DEF5D A FACTORY ?AT 0BELONGS TO ! PEOPLE40 ,! NE>LY #e C]AMICS WORK]S HAVE S5T A CLE> MESSAGE TO ! GOV]NM5T ?AT ! FACTORY WILL NOT BE TAK5 BACK )\T A FI<T4 0,WE HAVE SAID ?AT ! FACTORY BELONGS TO ! PEOPLE1 WE >E GO+ TO DEF5D \R FACTORY4 ,WE >E GO+ TO USE ! LEGITIMATE TOOLS ( DEF5SE ?AT WE HAVE TO SUCCESSFULLY RUN ?IS PLANT10 SAID ,RAUL ,GODOY TO A PRESS CONF]5CE PRIOR TO ! ,APRIL #bc EVICTION ATTEMPT1 APPE>+ ) ACTIVI/S FROM ,MO!RS ( ,PLAZA DE ,MAYO SITT+ BEH9D HIM ) !IR EMBLEMATIC :ITE H&K]*IEFS ON !IR HEADS4 

,ZANON WORK]S' PRIOR EXP]I5CE 9 CLASS-/RUGGLE SYNDICALISM HELP$ TO CATAPULT ,F,A,S,9,P,A,T 9TO ! =EFRONT ( ! OCCUPI$ FACTORY MOVEM5T4 ,H]E !Y HAVE PROV5 ?AT ?R\< DIRECT DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION & CLASS-BAS$ SOLID>ITY WORK]S CAN DEVELOP SUCCESSFUL EXP]I5CES ( WORK] CONTROL4 

,! WORK]S WILL DEF5D !IR FACTORY REG>DLESS ( ! POSSIBLE CONSEQU5CES1 =G+ RESI/ANCE TO AN UNFAVORABLE LEGAL FUTURE4 ,ROSA ,RIV]A1 WORK] AT ,ZANON = FIFTE5 YE>S1 EXPLA9S ?AT ,ZANON IS NOT ONLY A /RUGGLE = ! #dg WORK]S 9SIDE ! FACTORY1 BUT A /RUGGLE = ! COMMUNITY & SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 0,IF FACTORIES >E %UT D[N & AB&ON$1 WORK]S HAVE ! RI<T TO OCCUPY IT1 PUT IT TO WORK1 & DEF5D IT ) !IR LIVES40 

,A ,NEW ,*APT] 9 ,WORK+-,CLASS ,HI/ORY 

,:5 LEFT ) NO O!R OPTION1 WORK]S DECID$ TO TAKE OV] FACTORIES & TAKE *>GE ( PRODUCTION !MSELVES4 ,ONLY LAT]1 :5 !Y HAD ! SUPPORT ( ! COMMUNITY & PROV$ ?AT !Y C\LD RUN A FACTORY DID !Y DEM& LEGALITY4 ,FIR/ CAME ! OCCUPATION4 0,OCCUPY1 RESI/ & PRODUCE2 PRODUCTION IS ! LA/ /AGE10 EXPLA9S ,C&IDO ,GONZALEZ1 A VET]AN 9 ! OCCUPI$ FACTORY MOVEM5T FROM ! RECUP]AT$ ,*ILAV]T PR9T+ %OP4 0,9 ORD] TO PRODUCE Y\ CAN'T SKIP ! TWO PREVI\S /AGES ( OCCUPY+ & RESI/+40 ,LABOR HI/ORY SUGGE/S ?AT )\T DIRECT ACTION1 WORK]S HAVE LITTLE *ANCE ( W9N+4 ,! /RONG] ! ACTION1 ! MORE LIKELY !Y >E TO W9 !IR DEM&S4 ,! OCCUPI$ FACTORY MOVEM5T EMBODIES ?IS LOGIC ) ! SLOGAN 0,OCCUPY1 RESI/1 PRODUCE60 

,! /ATE ?US F> HAS BE5 UNWILL+ TO MAKE *ANGES TO BANKRUPTCY LAWS TO PROTECT WORK]S FROM FRAUDUL5T LOCK\TS & CLOSURES4 ,9 #b#i1 ,B,A,U,5 HAS YET TO GA9 FULL LEGAL RECOGNITION AL?\< AFT] NE>LY A DECADE ( SELF-MANAG+ !IR WORKPLACES1 A =CEFUL EVICTION IS UNLIKELY AS LONG AS ! HOTEL CAN CONT9UE TO RALLY SUPPORT4 

,! WORK]S AT ,F,A,S,9,P,A,T WON A MAJOR LEGAL VICTORY 9 #b#i4 ,! PROV9CIAL LEGISLATURE VOT$ 9 FAVOR ( EXPROPRIAT+ ! C]AMICS FACTORY & H&+ IT OV] TO ! WORK]S' COOP]ATIVE TO MANAGE LEGALLY & 9DEF9ITELY4 ,:ILE ,ZANON N[ HAS LEGAL /&+1 ! COOP]ATIVE WILL CONT9UE TO DEF5D WORK]S' RI<TS & SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,?IS MEANS !SE SITES %\LD /ICK TO !IR ROOTS AS P>T ( A WORLDWIDE NETWORK ( WORK+-CLASS /RUGGLES4 

,WE ,CAN ,WRITE ,\R ,[N ,FUTURES6 

,WILL DIRECT ACTIONS LIKE WORKPLACE OCCUPATIONS CONT9UE TO GR[ AS ! WORLD FACES AN ECONOMIC CRISIS8 ,FROM #bh TO #b#a1 ,S]BIA1 ,TURKEY1 ,FRANCE1 ,SPA91 ,S\? ,AFRICA1 ,5GL&1 & ,CANADA HAVE SE5 WORK] OCCUPATIONS4 ,! MO/ WELL-KN[N CASE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS BE5 ! SIT-D[N /RIKE AT ! ,*ICAGO-BAS$ ,REPUBLIC ,W9D[S & ,DOORS PLANT :]E WORK]S OCCUPI$ !IR FACTORY TO DEM& SEV]ANCE PAY & B5EFITS AFT] BE+ ABRUPTLY FIR$4 ,! OCCUPATIONS 9 ,>G5T9A CONT9UE TO RISE AS ! GLOBAL CRISIS HITS ! ,S\? ,AM]ICAN NATION4 ,! ,>RUFAT *OCOLATE FACTORY1 ,DISCO DE ,ORO EMPANADA 7PA/RY7 MANUFACTUR]1 ,FEBATEX ?READ PRODUC]1 & ,LID]C> MEAT PACK+ PLANT JO9$ ! RANKS ( ! WORK]-OCCUPI$ FACTORY MOVEM5T FROM #bh TO #b#i4 

,!SE SITES 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA HAVE DEVELOP$ A NEW MODEL ( ORGANIZ+ AFT] LE>N+ ! LESSON ?AT WORK]S CAN'T RELY ON GOV]NM5TS1 EV5 0PROGRESSIVE0 GOV]NM5TS1 & UNRESPONSIVE UNIONS TO RESOLVE ! PROBLEMS ( UNNECESS>Y FIR+S & JOBLESSNESS4 ,! WORK] OCCUPATIONS HAVE PROV5 ?AT ?R\< ! P[] ( DIRECT ACTION1 ! RE9V5TION ( SOCIAL RELATIONS1 & PRODUC+ = ! B5EFIT ( ! COMMUNITY & WORK]S RA!R ?AN GRE$Y BOSSES1 A FACTORY CAN BE TRANS=M$ 9TO A LIB]ATORY SPACE4 0,MAYBE ONE DAY \R /ORY WILL BE 9CLUD$ 9 A *APT] 9 WORK+-CLASS HI/ORY ?AT A GR\P ( WORK]S OCCUPI$ A PLANT & BEGAN PRODUC+10 SAID ,ADRIAN1 FROM ,>RUFAT *OCOLATE OCCUPI$ FACTORY AFT] LAM5T+ ! LOSS ( HIS H& 9 ! PLANT UND] CAPITALI/ SUP]VISION4 ,& ! OCCUPI$ FACTORIES 9 ,>G5T9A >E DO+ JU/ ?AT3 WRIT+ A NEW FUTURE = WORK+-CLASS HI/ORY & S5D+ ! MESSAGE ?AT WORK]S CAN DO :AT CAPITALI/S >5'T 9T]E/$ 9 DO+--CREAT+ JOBS & DIGNITY = WORK]S4 

,CALL ,IT AN ,UPRIS+3 ,PEOPLE ( ,COLOR & ! ,?IRD ,WORLD ,ORGANIZE AGA9/ ,CAPITALISM 

,]NE/O ,AGUIL> 

,DIGNIDAD1 ,SPANI% = DIGNITY1 IS A DECEPTIVELY BASIC IDEA4 ,TRANSLAT$ 9TO ! REALM ( POLITICAL UNRE/1 DIGNIDAD HAS BECOME SYNONYM\S ) ! IDEA ?AT POOR PEOPLE HAVE A RI<T TO LIVE )\T %AME1 HUNG]1 WANT1 OR FE>4 ,SU* AN IDEA IS SO SIMPLE YET IT CUTS RI<T TO ! *ASE TO SPEAK TO ! DREAMS & DEM&S ( ! MASSES ( DIS5FRAN*IZ$ PEOPLE 9 ! GLOBAL ,S\? & >\ND ! WORLD4 

,TODAY1 IDEAS LIKE DIGNIDAD >E AT ! BASE ( SCORES ( POPUL> CRUSADES4 ,! E>LY P>T ( ! TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY SAW ,NEPAL'S MASSES1 L$ BY ,MAOBADI REBELS1 OV]?R[ A K+1 ) MEMORIES ( SUFF]+ PROM95T 9 ! RADICAL 5C\NT]4 ,EVO ,MORALES CAME TO P[] ON ! /R5G? ( ,BOLIVIA'S E?NIC PLURALITIES ASS]T+ !MSELVES4 ,NIG]IA'S CIVIL SOCIETY CONT9UES TO CAMPAIGN AGA9/ OIL CONGLOM]ATES >\ND ! CONT5TION ?AT ITS CITIZ5S %\LD HAVE ! C\NTRY'S RES\RCES4 ,PAKI/AN HAS SE5 A BURGEON+ ANTI-IMP]IALI/ MA9/REAM 9 RESPONSE TO ,U,S 9T]V5TIONISM4 ,9 ADDITION1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CONT9UES TO HAVE DEBATES OV] RACE ?AT PLAY \T ?R\< ISSUES LIKE IMMIGRATION & DISP>ITIES 9 ! REALMS ( HEAL? C>E & ! CRIM9AL JU/ICE SY/EM4 ,9 EA* CASE1 EV5 IF NOT SO EXPLICIT1 OPPRESS$ PEOPLE 9 EA* L&'S M9ORITY SECTOR &1 MORE IMPORTANTLY1 L>GE NUMB]S ( ?OSE REG>D$ AS PEOPLE ( COLOR BY :ITE MAJORITIES HAVE TAK5 CONSID]ABLE RISKS TO *ALL5GE BUS9ESS & POLITICAL LEAD]S CONSORT+ ) ,WE/]N P[] & CAPITAL4 ,CONVULSIONS LIKE !SE1 :E!R 9 ! /REETS1 S*OOLS1 OR HOMES1 REQUIRE S]I\S ANSW]S1 IMPLIES ,I/VAN ,MESZ>OS3 

WE CANNOT ATTRIBUTE ! *RONIC PROBLEMS ( \R SOCIAL 9T]*ANGES TO MORE OR LESS EASILY CORRIGIBLE POLITICAL CONT+5CIES4 ,SO MU* IS AT /AKE1 & WE HAVE HI/ORICALLY RA!R LIMIT$ TIME AT \R DISPOSAL 9 ORD] TO R$RESS1 9 A SOCIALLY SU/A9ABLE WAY1 ! ALL TOO OBVI\S GRIEVANCES ( ! /RUCTURALLY SUBORD9AT$ SOCIAL CLASSES4 ,! QUE/ION ( :Y8--CONC]N+ SUB/ANTIVE MATT]S1 & NOT SIMPLY ! CONT+5T P]SONAL FAILURES1 EV5 :5 !Y HAPP5 TO BE S]I\S1 AS ! FREQU5TLY HI<LI<T$ 9/ANCES ( WIDESPREAD POLITICAL CORRUPTION >E--CANNOT BE AVOID$ 9DEF9ITELY4.<#c#e#c.> 

,9 A P]IOD :5 ! DOM9ANT L9E WAS = PEOPLE TO RE/ !IR =TUNES ON COOP]ATION ) MULT9ATIONAL 9DU/RY1 H[ DID NOTIONS ( DIGNIDAD TAKE HOLD8 ,MOREOV]1 :Y HAVE !SE IDEAS CAPTUR$ IMAG9ATIONS SO DEEPLY8 ,:AT CAN ANTI-IMP]IALI/ ,FIR/ ,WORLD T5D5CIES1 BE !Y LIB]AL1 REVOLUTION>Y1 COMMUNI/1 OR AN>*I/1 LE>N8 

,SUPPORT = BASIC HUMAN RI<TS AS A CORN]/ONE TO POLITICAL LIFE IS 9TEGRAL TO POPULI/ & REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS 9 MANY ,?IRD ,WORLD C\NTRIES1 ESPECIALLY 9 ?OSE ?AT HAVE SE5 DICTATOR%IPS COME TO P[]1 SU* AS ,P>AGUAY1 ,URUGUAY1 & ,BRAZIL4 ,! REPRESSION PEOPLE EXP]I5CE P]VADES ! SUBCONSCI\S ( ! MA9/REAM AS WELL AS ! OPPOSITION4 ,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 MEMORIES ( BRUTAL EXPRESSIONS ( RACISM REM9D MILLIONS1 DESPITE 9ITIATIVES TO OBFUSCATE SU* HI/ORY1 ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS NO EXCEPTION4 ,9 ADDITION1 9T5SE CONFLICTS >E GIV+ WAY TO EQUALLY 9T5SE CONT5TIONS OV] P[]4 

,! PLANET IS 9 ! MID/ ( A SPATE ( REBELLIONS1 REFUSALS1 W>S1 & ! K9D ( GLOBAL CONFLICTS SIGNIFY+ DISSATISFACTION ) ! CURR5T WORLD ORD] NOT SE5 S9CE ! ANTICOLONIAL 9SURG5CIES ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 ,?AT !SE PURSUITS HAVE EMANAT$ PRIM>ILY FROM ! ,?IRD ,WORLD--NATIONS ( PO/COLONIAL PEOPLES FI<T+ = EXI/5CE 9 ! %AD[ ( ,U,S CAPITALISM--AS WELL AS CLASSES ( OPPRESS$ PEOPLE 7PEOPLE ( COLOR7 9 ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD %\LD NOT BE SURPRIS+4 ,MANY ( !SE NATIONS >E SEE+ ! H>%E/ EXPRESSIONS ( PR(ITE]+ & !IR POPULATIONS >E RESI/+ =CES ( 9T]NATIONAL CAPITAL1 :I* %[S ITSELF 9 ! WOR/ WAYS = !SE COMMUNITIES3 L& SEIZURES1 5VIRONM5TAL DEVA/ATION1 & HOPELESSLY TR\BL$ LOAN >RANGEM5TS1 TO NAME JU/ A FEW4 ,=EIGN PROJECTS =CE RURAL POPULATIONS 9TO URBAN C5T]S & SU* RELOCATIONS >E (T5 UNSU/A9ABLE2 ?US RE9=C+ IMMIGRATION 9TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES AS ! ONLY VIABLE ALT]NATIVE = MANY PEOPLE 9 ! ,?IRD ,WORLD4 

,COLONIAL PRACTICES BY ,WE/]N P[]S AGA9/ ! ,?IRD ,WORLD HAVE MANIFE/$ ?R\< ! C5TURIES TO RE/ TODAY 9 UNEQUAL ALLOCATIONS ( PROP]TY1 P[]1 & LABOR4 ,OV] ! LONG M>* TO NATIONAL SOV]EIGNTY1 OPPRESS$ PEOPLE HAVE F\<T TO E/ABLI% A NEW VISION ?AT HAS BROK5 !M FREE ( ! IMP]IALI/IC YOKE1 :I* EMPLOYS SU* MA*9ATIONS AS /EAL+ LOCAL CU/OMS = 9TEGRATION 9TO--& =CIBLY PU%+ LOYALTY =--A NEW1 CODIFI$ LAW4 ,MOD]N 9FLU5CES SU* AS ! TRANSNATIONAL FL[ ( IMMIGRANTS1 ! POLITICAL MUSCLE ( EMIGRANTS ABROAD1 & NONGOV]NM5TAL ORGANIZATIONS ) \TSIDE MONEY & ALLIANCES 9FLU5C+ NATIONAL DE/9IES HAVE ALL FUR!R MUDDI$ ! POLITICAL WAT]S ( SELF-DET]M9ATION & CAPITAL4 

,= !SE PEOPLE1 :OSE MEMORIES >E LONG & :OSE RESOLVE H+ES ON ! FACT ?AT !Y HAVE FEW POLITICAL & ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES1 !RE IS LITTLE OPTION BUT TO FI<T = A DIFF]5T WORLD4 ,ONE NE$ ONLY LOOK BACK UPON EF=TS LIKE ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ACTION ,MOVEM5T1 A ,U,S-BAS$ BLACK REVOLUTION>Y NATIONALI/ =MATION2 ,MEXICO'S ,P>TIDO ,DEMOCRATICO ,POPUL> ,REVOLUCION>IO 7,P,D,P,R7_/,EJ]CITO ,POPUL> ,REVOLUCION>IO 7,E,P,R71 :I* EM]G$ DUR+ ! RECOGNITION ( POLICE KILL+S ( 9DIG5\S PEASANTS2 & ,S\? ,ASIA'S MYRIAD BATTLES = CULTURAL AUTONOMY & ECONOMIC JU/ICE AS POIGNANT EXAMPLES4 ,9 !SE CASES1 ! AFFECT$ COMMUNITIES HAD LITTLE TO LOSE1 & ! ISSUES AT H& W]E SIGNIFICANT 5\< TO W>RANT A DIV]SE RESPONSE4 

,C4 ,L4 ,R4 ,JAMES1 9 DISCUSS+ ! DRIVE = ,HAITIAN 9DEP5D5CE 9 A SPEE* PUBLI%$ 9 ,Y\ ,DON'T ,PLAY ) ,REVOLUTION3 ,! ,MONTREAL ,LECTURES ( ,C4 ,L4 ,R4 ,JAMES1 SUGGE/S ?AT !SE MOVEM5TS (T5 F9D !MSELVES UND]E/IMAT$ BY ! RUL+ CLASS3 

,!SE PEOPLE W]E BACKW>D1 BUT AS WE LE>N$444!Y HAD A C]TA9 9TEGRITY1 A C]TA9 SOCIAL CONSCI\SNESS ( !IR [N1 :I* WAS DEVELOP$ AP>T FROM !IR MA/]S4 ,?AT WAS %[N1 NOT ONLY 9 G5]AL & BY OBS]V]S :O WAT*$ !M CLOSELY1 BUT ALSO BY :AT TOOK PLACE 9 ! REVOLUTION4 ,! REVOLUTION TOOK PLACE &1 BE=E LONG1 !Y HAD MADE A CLEAN SWEEP & W]E COMPLETELY 9 *>GE ( ,SAN ,DOM+O4.<#c#e#d.> 

,:E!R PEOPLE'S /RIKES AGA9/ ! P[]FUL 9 ,OAXACA1 ! ,NAXALITE REBELLION AGA9/ CAPITAL & SECURE ECONOMIC ZONES 9 ,9DIA1 BLACK COMMUNITIES DEF5D+ UNDOCUM5T$ IMMIGRANTS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 OR ,V5EZUELA'S FI]CE ADVOCACY ( ! PLI<T ( ! DISPOSSESS$1 WOM51 ! 9DIG5\S POPULATION1 & POOR1 ! ,?IRD ,WORLD IS FI<T+ BACK & IGNIT+ HOPE = O!R UPTURNS 9 ! PROCESS4 ,JU/ AS YE>S BE=E ! ,BR[N ,B]ETS W]E 9SPIR$ BY ! ,BLACK ,PAN!RS :O W]E 9SPIR$ BY ! ,*9ESE ,REVOLUTION1 SOLID>ITY HAS EXT5D$ OP5LY = G5]ATIONS4 ,EV5 :51 AS 9 ! ,*9ESE EXP]I5CE1 POLICIES 79 ?IS CASE1 T[>D ,AFRICA7 W]E DISMAL1 SOLID>ITY REMA9$ UNWAV]+4 ,ROB9 ,D4 ,G4 ,KELLY SAYS 9 ,FRE$OM ,DREAMS3 ,! ,BLACK ,RADICAL ,IMAG9ATION3 

,! /ATUS ( ! ,*9ESE AS PEOPLE ( COLOR S]V$ AS A P[]FUL POLITICAL TOOL 9 MOBILIZ+ SUPPORT FROM ,AFRICANS & ,AFRICAN-DESC5D$ PEOPLE4 ,9 #a#i#f#c1 = EXAMPLE1 ,*9ESE DELEGATES 9 ,MO%I1 ,TANZANIA1 PROCLAIM$ ?AT ! ,RUSSIANS HAD NO BUS9ESS 9 ,AFRICA BECAUSE !Y W]E :ITE4 ,! ,*9ESE1 ON ! O!R H&1 W]E NOT ONLY P>T ( ! COLOR$ WORLD BUT UNLIKE ,EUROPEANS !Y NEV] TOOK P>T 9 ! SLAVE TRADE4 ,( C\RSE1 MO/ ( !SE CLAIMS S]VE TO FACILITATE ALLIANCE BUILD+4.<#c#e#e.> 

,SU* SOLID>ITY IS ROOT$ 9 PEOPLE :O HAVE A GUT-LEVEL 9T]E/ 9 *ALL5G+ ! CURR5T ORD] TO DEF5D DIGNITY & CREATE BETT] FUTURES4 ,:ILE G5]ALLY SOCIALI/ 9 *>ACT]1 ?IS K9D ( 9T]NATIONALISM UNFOLD+ IS A POLITICS ROOT$ 9 ! VIEW ( ! 9T]CONNECT$NESS ( OPPRESS$ PEOPLE & !IR FI<TS AGA9/ FLUID ?\< EVID5T EXPLOITATION4 ,! EXPLOITATION 9 TURN IS ROOT$ 9 ! SUBJUGATION ( OPPRESS$ PEOPLE 9 SC5>IOS ( PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE4 

,IT IS H]E :]E IDEAS ( DIGNIDAD W]E BORN4 ,9 !SE 9/ANCES1 ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY IMPOV]I%$ & D[NTRODD5 E?NIC & RACIAL M9ORITIES HAVE TAK5 ! LEAD 9 ]UPTIONS DRIV5 BY COMPLEX EXP]I5CES4 ,RACE & CULTURE 9 TURN %AP$ !SE EXP]I5CES4 ,?OSE NEW & SUBV]SIVE P>ADIGMS1 H[EV]1 UND]/OOD ?AT 9/ITUTIONAL DISCRIM9ATION & PR(ITE]+ W]E NOT JU/ MATT]S 9FLU5C$ BY RACE1 BUT ALSO ! RELATION%IP ( EX*ANGE4 ,MANY SU* 9TRUSIONS 9TO BUS9ESS AS USUAL HAVE CON/ITUT$ :AT ,AMILC> ,CABRAL CALL$ AN ADVANCE-GU>D 9 9T]NATIONAL B>RAGES1 PROVID+ GUIDANCE1 POLITICAL !ORY1 PRACTICE1 9SPIRATION1 & HOPE TO ?OSE ) DREAMS ( SOCIAL JU/ICE1 FRE$OM1 & EQUALITY4 

,?IS *APT] WILL EXPLORE RESI/ANCE TO CAPITALISM BY PEOPLE ( COLOR1 OR1 BROADLY1 OPPRESS$-CLASS PEOPLE 9 ! ,?IRD ,WORLD & OPPRESS$-NATION ,FIR/ ,WORLD PEOPLE ( COLOR1 & ! *>ACT]I/ICS ?AT HAVE DEF9$ DESIRES TO DISMANTLE P[] RELATION%IPS AS WELL AS ! PRACTICES BEH9D !M4 ,9 ADDITION1 ! *APT] WILL EXAM9E GLOBALIZATION'S IMPACT ON CLASS COMPOSITION & PEOPLE ( COLOR4 ,F9ALLY1 :]E WILL !SE REVOLTS ( PEOPLE ( COLOR REBELL+ AGA9/ CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION GO8 ,:ILE SPECT]S ( ! ADM9I/RATION ( ,U,S ,PRESID5T ,RI*>D ,NIXON'S ATTEMPTS AT EQUAT+ 0,BLACK ,P[]0 ) ! ABILITY TO [N A BUS9ESS1 BUY A HOME1 & %OP /ILL LOOM 9 ! POPUL> IMAG9ATION AS P>T ( CAPITAL'S 5DLESS ATTEMPTS AT CO-OPTATION1 NOTEWOR?Y ELEM5TS C\LD *ALL5GE ?AT PROCESS4 

,AS A MOVEM5T ?AT AIMS = LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM1 AN>*ISM MU/ ACC\NT = ! EXP]I5CES ( PEOPLE ( COLOR BECAUSE ( !IR UNIQUE ROLE 9 7SOMETIMES =CIBLY7 BUILD+ MOD]N CAPITALISM1 AS WELL AS MA9TA9+ IT4 ,FUR!R1 AS A MOVEM5T ?AT AIMS TO ABOLI% ALL HI]>*ICAL AU?ORITY1 AN>*ISM REQUIRES AN ANALYSIS ( COLONIALISM1 IMP]IALISM1 & :ITE SUPREMACY 9 ORD] TO LIVE UP TO ITS [N AIMS4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 9 MU* AN>*I/ !ORIZ+ & MOVEM5T BUILD+ ?IS IS NOTABLY ABS5T4 ,= AN AN>*I/ ECONOMICS1 ?IS MEANS WE NE$ AN ANALYSIS ( ! RESI/ANCE ( PEOPLE ( COLOR TO CAPITALISM1 AS WELL AS AN ANALYSIS ( ! COMPLEX PROCESSES ( GLOBALIZATION & H[ !Y HAVE AFFECT$ PEOPLE ( COLOR G5]ALLY1 & ! GLOBAL ,S\? SPECIFICALLY1 AS /AG+ GR\NDS = ECONOMIC COLONIALISM & IMP]IALISM4 ,?IS ESSAY WILL CONTRIBUTE TO ! GR[+ BODY ( LIT]ATURE MAK+ SU* AN ANALYSIS4 

,GLOBALIZATION & ! ,RE%AP+ ( ,RACE 

,9 ,! ,D>K] ,NATIONS3 ,A ,PEOPLE'S ,HI/ORY ( ! ,?IRD ,WORLD1 AU?OR ,VIJAY ,PRA%AD SUGGE/S ?AT ! ,?IRD ,WORLD IS MORE ?AN C\NTRIES ALONG ! SIDEL9ES ( ! ,COLD ,W> OR ?R[-9S AMONG ! ,FIR/ & ,SECOND ,WORLDS1 BUT RA!R IS A PRODUCT ( ! FRAY AGA9/ COLONIALISM & ! GALVANIZATION ( 9T]NATIONALISM4 ,PRA%AD %[S ?AT ! UNIFY+ EXP]I5CE ( COLONIALISM BR\<T TOGE!R DIV]G5T PEOPLES & HI/ORIES TO SU* IMPORTANT BREAK?R\<S AS ! F\ND+ ( ! ,LEAGUE ,AGA9/ ,IMP]IALISM 9 #a#i#b#g1 ! #aiee ,ASIAN-,AFRICAN ,CONF]5CE 9 ,B&UNG1 ,9DONESIA1 & ! ,TRICONT95TAL ,CONF]5CE HELD 9 #aiff 9 ,HAVANA1 ,CUBA4 ,NEV]!LESS1 !RE IS A SPACE TO UND]/& CAPITALISM AS NATIONAL LIB]ATION VICTORS BETRAY$ ! *>ACT] ( !IR REVOLUTIONS BY SURR5D]+ !IR ECONOMIES TO GLOBAL CORPORATIONS4 

,GLOBALIZATION1 %OR?& = TRANSNATIONAL CAPITALI/ EX*ANGE1 HAS BE5 9 ?IS P]IOD ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY AN 9ITIATIVE 9 :I* ! MAJORITY-:ITE ,FIR/ ,WORLD EXPLOITS ! MAJORITY-NON:ITE ,?IRD ,WORLD1 PAY+ A FRACTION ( :AT ,FIR/ ,WORLD LABOR W\LD RECEIVE = H>VE/1 WORK1 PRODUCTION1 & MANUFACTURE = ,FIR/ ,WORLD CONSUM]S4 ,9 ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD1 :]E SLAV]Y N\RI%$ SU* >RANGEM5TS G5]ATIONS BE=E1 GLOBALIZATION BECAME ACCEPTABLE AS A MODEL ?AT IMPLI$ 9T]NATIONAL COOP]ATION & UNITY ( PURPOSE1 & ?US SOMEH[ BE+ BETT] ?AN ! S]VITUDE ?AT OP]AT$ BE=E4 ,GLOBALIZATION1 H[EV]1 HAS COME AT HEAVY CO/S TO ! ,?IRD ,WORLD & ASSOCIAT$ PRESSURES 9 ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD4 ,SU* PRACTICES HAVE CREAT$ A CLASS ( OPPRESS$ PEOPLE 9 ! ,?IRD ,WORLD AS WELL AS PEOPLE DOME/IC TO ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD1 :OSE G5]AL ROLE IS LABOR1 ! RESULT ( :I* HAS BE5 A PR(\ND IMBALANCE ( WEAL?4 ,DESP]ATION & 9DIGNATION 9 ! ,?IRD ,WORLD & A S5SE ( RELATIVE DEPRIVATION AMONG PEOPLE ( COLOR 9 ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD >E *ALL5GES TO GLOBALIZATION1 :I* IMPLICITLY PROMIS$ TO ]ASE 9EQUALITIES ?R\< F9ANCIAL ADVANCEM5T1 GREAT] CONSUM] *OICES1 BUY+ P[]1 & SKILL$ TRADES4 

,GLOBALIZATION IS FUR!R A PROCESS 9SIDE IMP]IALISM ?AT IS %R9K+ ! WORLD & BREAK+ D[N ! CULTURES & AUTONOMY ( ! OPPRESS$ NATIONS BEYOND :AT IMP]IALISM WAS ABLE TO DO 9 ITS E>LI] /AGES 7:I* T5D$ T[>D CONTROL ?R\< ECONOMIC RELATIONS74 ,GLOBALIZATION HAS COMPLICAT$ RACE BY %>P5+ CONTRADICTIONS4 ,TRANSNATIONAL CAPITAL DEPLOYS COMPRADOR CLASSES 9 ! GUTT+ ( ! ,?IRD ,WORLD4 ,9 ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD1 AS !RE HAS ALWAYS TRADITIONALLY BE51 A DEEP T5SION EXI/S OV] PEOPLE ( COLOR & LOYALTY TO BETT]M5T1 DEMOCRACY1 & SELF-DET]M9ATION--VALUES L>GELY CO-OPT$ BY IMP]IALISM4 ,9 ,M$ITATIONS ON ,FRANTZ ,FANON'S 0,WRET*$ ( ! ,E>?03 ,NEW ,AFRIKAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,WRIT+S1 ,JAMES ,YAKI ,SAYLES REFOCUSES ! FISSURE3 

,:AT DOES ,FANON SAY1 0,!RE IS NO NATIVE :O DOES NOT DREAM AT LEA/ ONCE A DAY ( SETT+ HIMSELF UP 9 ! SETTL]'S PLACE40 ,?AT IS1 ! 0NATIVE0 ?AT ,FANON DESCRIBES AS 0WANT+ TO TAKE ! PLACE (0 ! SETTL] IS NOT ! EX-NATIVE ! P]SON :O COMES TO BELIEVE IT'S NOT HIS SK9 OR ! SETTL]'S SK9 ?AT MATT]S1 & ?AT BE+ 9 ! SETTL]'S PLACE WILL NOT *ANGE ! 9H]5T EXPLOITATIVE *>ACT] ( ! SY/EM ( COLONIALISM1 I4E4 CAPITALISM4 ,LET'S BE CLE>3 TO M]ELY WANT TO BE 09 ! SETTL]'S PLACE0 MEANS ?AT Y\ REALLY LIKE ! SY/EM--Y\ SUPPORT ! SY/EM--& Y\ JU/ COMPLA9 BECAUSE Y\'RE NOT GETT+ Y\R 0PIECE ( ! PIE40.<#c#e#f.> 

,!RE'S A DIRECT L9K BETWE5 ! 0SK9 ANALYSIS0 ( ! MID-#a#i#fS & ! REASONS ?AT 0,BLACK ,P[]0 W5T FROM A REVOLUTION>Y SLOGAN TO AN ACCOMMODATIONI/ ONE1 TAK5 UP EV5 BY ! RUL]S ( CAPITAL1 & RE%AP$ AS 0GRE5 P[]0 & 0BLACK CAPITALISM0 & :AT WE TODAY KN[ AS 0EMP[]M5T0 OR AS A CALL = 0A PIECE ( ! ACTION40 ,IT'S NO ACCID5T ?AT ! MASS CONSCI\SNESS TODAY IS HEAVILY 0RACIALIZ$10 & NOT REVOLUTION>Y1 JU/ AS 0BLACK NATIONALISM0 BECAME 0E?NIC PLURALISM0 & 0CULTURAL EQUALITY0 9 ! =M PU%$ BY ! RI<TI/ T5D5CY ( ,AFROC5TRICITY4 ,! REAL REVOLUTION>IES W]E DISRUPT$ & FELL BY ! WAYSIDE1 ! B\RGEOIS =CES FILL$ ! VACUUM1 & TODAY ! PEOPLE ?9K ?AT 0RACIAL FEEL+0 IS ! SAME AS REVOLUTION>Y ?\<T & PRACTICE4 

,H[EV]1 9 ! ,?IRD ,WORLD1 SU* QUE/IONS ( LOYALTY >E NOT SO EASY & AFFECT PEOPLE'S EV]YDAY EXI/5CE4 ,GLOBALIZATION HAS HELP$ VA/LY P]PETUATE CLASS DIVISIONS ON A WORLDWIDE SCALE ) ! ASSOCIAT$ DIV]SITY 9 EA* CLASS4 ,ANTAGONISMS MO/ CLE>LY SE5 ?R\< 9COME DI/RIBUTION HAVE KEPT OPPRESS$ PEOPLE 7PEOPLE ( COLOR7 & ,?IRD ,WORLD C\NTRIES 9 DIFFICULT /RAITS & DRAWN RACIAL L9ES />KLY DESPITE PO/-RACIAL PRET5SIONS4 

,9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 :]E ! IDEA ( DIGNIDAD FIR/ ROSE TO PROM95CE1 9DIG5\S MOBILIZATIONS HAVE TURN$ TO ! ,9T]NET & O!R TE*NOLOGY TO BROADCA/ !IR DEM&S = RECOGNITION & L& RI<TS AS WELL AS OPPOS+ GLOBALIZATION1 :I* MO/ (T5 ?REAT5S ! RES\RCES ON :I* !Y DEP5D & !IR LOCAL ECONOMIES4 ,:ILE ! ,ZAPATI/AS >E ! BE/-KN[N 9SURG5TS1 ORGANIZATIONS ( ,QUI*UA1 ,QUE*UA1 & ,AYM>A-SPEAK+ PEOPLES 9 ! ,&ES2 ! ,MAPU*E 9 ,*ILI2 & ,MAYAN 9DIG5\S GR\PS 9 ,GUATEMALA >E IMPORTANT EXAMPLES AS WELL4 

,P]HAPS NO LEAD] 9 ! E>LY TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY HAS SYMBOLIZ$ ! RISE ( OPPRESS$ PEOPLE'S 9T]NATIONALISM & ?AT *ALL5GE TO GLOBALIZATION AS ,HUGO ,*AVEZ4 ,V5EZUELA'S REVOLUTION UNIT$ ! C\NTRY'S DIV]SE E?NIC POOR & MELD$ /R&S ( SOCIALISM1 NATIONALISM1 & ! SORT ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN SOLID>ITY ADVOCAT$ BY ,FIDEL ,CA/RO YE>S BE=E4 ,BY >GU+ = ! IDEA ( P>TICIPATORY DEMOCRACY1 ,*AVEZ HAS EMBOLD5$ OPPRESS$ PEOPLE 9 HIS C\NTRY TO SEE !MSELVES1 & NOT ! CORPORATIONS :O VIE = ,V5EZUELA'S VA/ OIL RES\RCES1 AS /AKEHOLD]S 9 !IR [N FUTURES4 ,NO BETT] EXAMPLE ( ?IS WAS ! SO>+ LIT]ACY RATE DUR+ CON/ITUTIONAL REVISION UND] ,BOLIV>IAN PR9CIPLES 7CRITICISMS ( ,*AVEZ BE+ A NATIONALI/ RA!R ?AN A REVOLUTION>Y ANTI-CAPITALI/ NOT)/&+74 ,V5EZUELA'S ECONOMIC P[] 9 ! CAPITALI/ FRAMEWORK & ITS WILL+NESS TO BE 9TRANSIG5T ) ! E/ABLI%$ ,WE/]N AU?ORITIES BY WIELD+ ITS MI<T = ! DIS5FRAN*IZ$ HAS MADE IT A LEAD] ON ! WORLD /AGE4 

,V5EZUELA'S RISE ILLU/RATES ! LIMITATIONS ( SOME POLITICAL >RANGEM5TS1 H[EV]4 ,! PRESS ( ,U,S IMP]IALISM HAS UNIT$ A RANGE ( =CES 9 ! C\NTRY1 BUT ALSO 5SUR$ ! DEBATE HAS NOT PROVID$ PROP] AUDI5CE TO V>I\S RADICAL =CES4 ,= EXAMPLE1 AN>*I/ ORGANIZ]S1 CRITICAL ( ! DOM9ANT SIDES VY+ = /ATE P[]1 /RUGGLE = FOOT+ 9 ! %AD[ ( ,*AVEZ & ,V5EZUELA'S POLITICAL ELITE4 ,9 #b#a1 9/ANCES ( SIMIL> PROCESSES W]E VISIBLE 9 ,*9A1 :I* SAW A SPONTANE\S WORK]S' MOVEM5T EXPLODE \TSIDE ( E/ABLI%$ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY APP>ATUSES & AS A *ALL5GE TO PRIVATE 5T]PRISE1 & 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :]E IMMIGRANT WORK] ADVOCATES MOBILIZ$ NATIONALLY AGA9/ REGRESSIVE LAWMAK+ SUPPORT$ BY ! POLITICAL E/ABLI%M5T4 ,AN>*ISM IS AMONG ! LEAD+ SETS ( IDEAS ?AT (F] AN IDEOLOGICAL BREAK ) ! ORD]S ( ! DAY1 ?\< LESSONS HAVE YET TO BE GLEAN$ FROM :AT A S]I\S REFUTATION ( P[] OV] FROM ALL SIDES LOOKS LIKE4 ,REG>DLESS1 EV5 9 CASES :]E ! PEOPLE >E PUTT+ COMMUNITY-ORI5T$ PR9CIPLES 9TO PRACTICE1 VIGILANCE IS REQUIR$ TO 5SURE SU* ASPIRATIONS >E NOT LO/ 9 P]IODS ( COMPROMISE1 REVISIONISM1 & EXPANSION4 

,:]EAS SOME HAVE BEMOAN$ ! DEMISE ( ! ,?IRD ,WORLD1 ! 5]GY ! PEOPLE ( ,V5EZUELA & O!RS (F] ANTI-GLOBALIZATION =CES H9TS AT LEA/ AT A RECONCEPTION ( :AT OLD] OPPOSITION POLITICS MAY HAVE BE54 ,:]EAS PEOPLE ( COLOR BE=E W]E ?W>T+ ! AMBITIONS ( CAPITALI/S & ! ATT5DANT 9EQUALITY1 =C$ LABOR1 & POV]TY ?AT HI/ORICALLY CAME ) IT1 ! PU% = DIGNIDAD SIGNALS A %IFT 9 OPPRESS$-NATION 9T]NATIONALI/ POLITICS FROM SU* REACTION TO AN ACTION-ORI5T$ VISION TO :I* ! MAJORITY-:ITE ,FIR/ ,WORLD HAS NOT BE5 PREP>$ TO RESPOND4 

,OPPRESS$ NATIONS GO+ ON ! (F5SIVE ) VISIONS ( BETT] FUTURES KNOCK$ ! P[]FUL (F KILT] & DEP5D5CE ON GLOBALIZATION HA/5$ ! DECL9E ( ,U,S POLITICAL & ECONOMIC P[] & CREAT$ A CRISIS AMONG ,U,S :ITES1 :OSE HEGEMONY W5T S\?1 LIT]ALLY & FIGURATIVELY4 ,9 #b#i1 ! OV]:ELM+LY :ITE & CONS]VATIVE ,TEA ,P>TY MOVEM5T BECAME A MA9/REAM M$IA PREOCCUPATION4 ,! ,TEA ,P>TY MOVEM5T GA9$ SYN]GY ) EXTREMI/ :ITE POLITICIANS APT TO WAGE RACE W> ON C\NTLESS FRONTS--9CLUD+ DRACONIAN LAWS AGA9/ BR[N-SK9N$ PEOPLE :ILE FI<T+ UNDOCUM5T$ IMMIGRATION1 BANN+ ! LIKES ( ,CES> ,*AVEZ FROM TEXTBOOKS1 & RAIS+ ! SPECT] ( SOCIALISM :5 *ALL5G+ POLITICIANS ( COLOR4 ,! ,U,S WORK+ CLASS1 :I* HAS ALWAYS 5JOY$ A RELATIVELY MORE PRIVILEG$ POSITION )9 ! GLOBAL M>KET1 HAS HI/ORICALLY F\<T SOLID>ITY ) ,?IRD ,WORLD WORK]S & 9/EAD JOCKEY$ = ITS [N 9T]E/S4 ,N[ :ITE COMMUNITIES 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES >E SEE+ A PA9FUL SET ( CONTRADICTIONS1 9CLUD+ 9T]NALIZ+ MIDDLE & RUL+-CLASS 9T]E/S 9 ! NAME ( F9ANCIAL SECURITY & COMPETITIVE T5SIONS ) 9T]NAL ,?IRD ,WORLD C\NT]P>TS 7E4G41 IMMIGRANT LABOR71 :O !MSELVES ORGANIZ$ MASS RALLIES = GREAT] 9CLUSION 9 #bf & #b#a4 

,F> FROM BE+ A SURPRISE1 ! CAPITALI/ FRAMEWORK'S NE$ = /ABILITY REQUIRES CLA%ES BETWE5 DIFF]5T SECTORS ( ! WORK+ CLASS 7LIKE :ITE BACKLA% TO PEOPLE ( COLOR7 & ! NECESSITY TO BALANCE CAPITAL BY M>G9ALIZ+ LABOR 9 ! ,?IRD & ,FIR/ ,WORLD4 ,ONE NE$ NOT READ TOO F> 9TO HI/ORY TO F9D ! MANIPULATION ( COLOR & CA/E L9ES TO MA9TA9 P[]1 ORD]1 & ! DOM9ANT CLASS /RUCTURE4 ,9 HIS ESSAY 0,! ,LIMITS ( ,ANTI-,RACISM10 ,ADOLPH ,RE$1 ,JR41 PO9TS \T H[ SU* ISSUES NE/$ 9SIDI\SLY3 

:AT ! POLITICAL SCI5TI/ ,PRE/ON ,SMI? CALLS 0RACIAL DEMOCRACY0 CAME GRADUALLY TO REPLACE SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AS A POLITICAL GOAL--! R$RESS ( GRIEVANCES ?AT C\LD BE CON/RU$ AS SPECIFICALLY RACIAL TOOK PREC$5CE OV] ! R$I/RIBUTION ( WEAL?1 & AN 9DIVIDUALIZ$ PSY*OLOGY REPLAC$ NOTIONS ( REWORK+ ! MAT]IAL SPH]E4 ,?IS DYNAMIC 9T5SIFI$ ) ! COMB9ATION ( POPUL> DEMOBILIZATION 9 BLACK POLITICS & EM]G5CE ( ! PO/-SEGREGATION BLACK POLITICAL CLASS 9 ! #a#i#gS & #a#i#hS4 

,WE LIVE UND] A REGIME N[ ?AT IS CAPABLE SIMULTANE\SLY ( 9CLUD+ BLACK PEOPLE & ,LAT9OS1 EV5 CELEBRAT+ ?AT 9CLUSION AS A FULFILLM5T ( DEMOCRACY1 :ILE EXCLUD+ POOR PEOPLE )\T A :IMP] ( OPPOSITION4 ,( C\RSE1 ?OSE MO/ VISIBLE 9 ! EXCLUD$ CLASS >E DISPROPORTIONATELY BLACK & ,LAT9O1 & ?AT FACT GIVES ! LIE TO ! CELEBRATION4 ,OR DOES IT REALLY8 ,FROM ! /&PO9T ( A NEOLIB]AL IDEAL ( EQUALITY1 9 :I* CLASSIFICATION BY RACE1 G5D]1 SEXUAL ORI5TATION OR ANY O!R RECOGNIZ$ ASCRIPTIVE /ATUS 7?AT IS1 /ATUS BAS$ ON :AT ONE ALLEG$LY IS RA!R ?AN :AT ONE DOES7 DOES NOT IMPOSE EXPLICIT1 9TR9SIC OR NECESS>Y LIMITATIONS ON ONE'S P>TICIPATION & ASPIRATIONS 9 ! SOCIETY1 ?IS CELEBRATION ( 9CLUSION ( BLACKS1 ,LAT9OS & O!RS IS W>RANT$4.<#c#e#g.> 

,9 ! HEAT ( ?IS MOM5T1 FISSURES 9 CLASS & RACE >E =G+ POLITICAL & ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES = OPPRESS$-NATION CAPITALI/S4 ,!SE P>TICIPANTS >E WILL+ TO S]VE DOM9ANT 9T]E/S AS WELL AS SPL9T]+ CLASS 9 A WAY ?AT TOL]ATES ,?IRD ,WORLD PEOPLE 9T]NALLY1 VIA UNDOCUM5T$ IMMIGRATION1 = A UTILIT>IAN EX*ANGE ( MONEY TO WORK1 AT LITTLE CO/ TO CAPITALI/S 7:O MI<T SEE A F9E = HIR+ SU* WORK]S1 BUT NO O!R RECRIM9ATION74 

,! TOL]ANCE ( UNDOCUM5T$ WORK]S1 9 SPITE ( FEIGN+ ! CONTR>Y1 %\LD MAKE EVID5T H[ :ITE SUPREMACY--:I* HAS DRIV5 MU* ( ! ,AM]ICAN PROJECT1 FROM COLONIALISM & RACIAL 9EQUALITY TO BASIC TEA*+ & SOCIALIZATION--IS *ANG+ ITS HUE1 APPROA*1 & T5OR 9 FUNDAM5TAL WAYS AS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES FI<TS = ITS POSITION 9 A *ANG+ WORLD4 ,AM]ICANS1 :O HAVE BUILT !IR =TUNES ON SELL+ ,AM]ICANNESS 7CULTURAL IMP]IALISM7 TO ! WORLD :ILE1 9 ! LA/ G5]ATION OR SO1 %$D+ KEY 9DU/RIES = *EAP] CONSUMPTION1 NO LONG] HAVE WORK1 & GR[+ POPULATIONS 9 ! ,?IRD ,WORLD & ELSE:]E >E NOT 9T]E/$ 9 PUR*AS+ AN ,AM]ICAN ES!TIC4 ,?AT ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD HAPP5S TO BE MAJORITY-:ITE & ITS [N EXPLOIT$ CLASSES1 AS WELL AS ! ,?IRD ,WORLD1 HAPP5 TO BE MAJORITY-NON:ITE1 HAS =C$ CRITICAL /RUCTURAL *ANGES4 ,9 ?IS P]IOD OV]T RACISM IS LOS+ ACCEPTABILITY & C\NTRIES TRADITIONALLY ?\<T ( AS ,?IRD ,WORLD >E RIS+ AS A RESULT ( ,COMMUNI/ &_/OR SOCIALI/ ADVANCES OV] DECADES 9 ?OSE L&S4 

,9TO ?IS 5VIRONM5T1 ! RISE ( ,B>ACK ,OBAMA AS A POLITICIAN & AN ICON ( ,AM]ICAN LEAD]%IP U%]$ 9 A NEW UND]/&+ = ,FIR/ ,WORLD FUNCTION>IES TO IDEAS ,?IRD ,WORLD ORGANIZ]S HAVE LONG MA9TA9$ AS BITT] LESSONS ( CAPITALISM & IMP]IALISM4 ,! ASC5SION ( AN OPPRESS$-NATION B\RGEOISIE MAY GIVE GLOBALIZATION NEW CLO!S1 FROM OLD-S*OOL VISIONS ( :ITE SUPREMACY TO A BUS9ESS-S*OOL ADVOCACY ( DIALOGUE1 BUT ! EFFECTS REMA9 9 ESS5CE ! SAME4 ,:]EAS CAPITALISM ONCE FL\RI%$ ?R\< SLAV]Y & COLONIALISM1 TODAY DEVELOP+ CONTRADICTIONS BETWE5 PRODUCTION1 TE*NOLOGY1 ! FL[ ( TRANSNATIONAL CAPITAL & CLASS /RUGGLES HAVE =G$ A NEW SOCIAL ORD] 9 ! ,?IRD ,WORLD1 ONE ?AT HAS RESONAT+ EFFECTS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ,FIR/ ,WORLD4 

,FI<T+ ,BACK AGA9/ ,CAPITALISM 

,9 EXPLOR+ CONTEMPOR>Y CONFLICTS BETWE5 PEOPLE & CAPITALISM1 ACTIVI/S & S*OL>S ACKN[L$GE H[ UNIQUELY E?NICITY1 CULTURE1 & RACE PLAY A C5TRAL ROLE 9 DEF9+ NOT ONLY ! CONDITIONS ( PEOPLE1 BUT ALSO ! /RATEGY & TACTICS EMPLOY$ 9 BUILD+ MASS OP]ATIONS & ! REVOLUTION>Y MESSAGE ITSELF4 ,WRIT]S LIKE ,FANON & ORGANIZ]S LIKE ,RAME%W>I ,NEHRU & ,CLAUDIA ,JONES HELP$ DEF9E H[ ISSUES ( RACE1 :ITE SUPREMACY1 & ! EXPLOITATION ( OPPRESS$ PEOPLE HAVE RE%AP$ \R COLLECTIVE GRASP ( ANTI-CAPITALISM4 ,W4 ,E4 ,B4 ,DU,BOIS1 = 9/ANCE1 PO/ULAT$ ?AT !RE IS A S+LE CAPITALI/ RUL+ CLASS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & ?AT TUMULTS SU* AS ! ,CIVIL ,W> >E !RE=E SPLITS BETWE5 DIFF]5T K9DS ( CAPITALI/S4 ,O!RS1 LIKE POETS ,PABLO ,N]UDA & ,KHALIL ,GIBRAN1 TAPP$ 9TO ! COLLECTIVE IMAG9ATIONS ( ! OPPRESS$ TO BR+ AB\T NEW IDEAS ON ID5TITY1 RACE1 & POLITICS4 

,:]E RADICAL :ITE ,FIR/ ,WORLD ELEM5TS HAVE R$UC$ QUE/IONS ( RACE & NATIONALITY TO SIMPLI/IC T]MS--9T]PRETATIONS DRAWN FROM TURN-(-!-TW5TIE?-C5TURY ,EA/]N ,EUROPE1 ME*ANICAL DUALITIES ( ASSIMILATION OR SECESSION--PEOPLE ( COLOR HAVE DEVELOP$ ANTI-CAPITALI/ PRACTICE ?AT CONSID]S CULTURAL AUTONOMY & COMMUNITY CONTROL4 ,!SE EF=TS TO *ALL5GE PEOPLE ( COLOR TO SEE !MSELVES DIFF]5TLY1 TO GRASP !IR ID5TITIES ) AN ACKN[L$GM5T ( RACISM :ILE REFUS+ TO BE R$UC$ BY IT1 HAVE BE5 IMPORTANT 9 EMBOLD5+ =CES = *ANGE4 

,C5TRAL TO OPPRESS$-NATION & ,?IRD ,WORLD FI<TS AGA9/ CAPITALISM HAS BE5 A DEM& TO UND]/& P]T95T ISSUES 9 A WAY \TSIDE ( E/ABLI%$ ,ANGLO MODELS4 ,! REVOLUTIONS ( ! #a#i#fS 9 PLACES LIKE ,<ANA1 L$ BY ,KWAME ,NKRUMAH1 ,GU9EA1 L$ BY ,SEK\ ,T\RE1 & ,CUBA1 ) ,FIDEL ,CA/RO & ,*E ,GUEV>A1 AMONG O!RS1 W\LD PROVE A P[]FUL 9FLU5CE ON OPPRESS$ PEOPLE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 BO? 9 T]MS ( SEE+ PEOPLE ( COLOR LEAD+ ADVANCEM5TS1 BUT ALSO 9 T]MS ( ADVOCAT+ ALT]NATIVE ECONOMIC MODELS4 ,EV5 = ELEM5TS ?AT MAY REJECT ! \TCOMES ( ! POLITICAL VISIONS BY SOME ( ! LEAD]S NOT$1 AS MANY AN>*I/S DO1 LE>N+ FROM !IR SUCCESSES & FAILURES IS IMPORTANT4 ,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ! BLACK LIB]ATION MOVEM5T PRES5T$ ! MO/ IMPORTANT !ORY & PRACTICE 9 SU* A REG>D4 ,AS ,HUEY ,NEWTON WROTE 9 ,TO ,DIE = ! ,PEOPLE1 9ITIAL REVOLUTION>Y %OCKS RAISE CONSCI\SNESS LONG T]M BY EMP[]+ PEOPLE TO MEET !IR DAILY NE$S & HELP+ !M SURVIVE4 ,NOTE ! IDEA ( SURVIVAL1 AS OPPOS$ TO ! LANGUAGE ( :ITE CAPITALI/S ( ! TIME3 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY1 & ! PRIVILEGE ( ACCESS TO RES\RCES4 ,COMMUNITY SURVIVAL CONJURES IMAGES ( SELF-SUFFICI5CY 9 A UNIFI$1 COLLECTIVE WAY4 ,NEWTON'S ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY S\<T TO DO ?AT BY LAUN*+ DOZ5S ( 0S]VICE TO ! PEOPLE PROGRAMS10 FROM FREE PLUMB+ & MA9T5ANCE PROGRAMS TO L& BANKS & *ILD DEVELOPM5T C5T]S4 ,!SE MODELS CREAT$ WORK = PEOPLE 9 ! COMMUNITY ?AT S]V$ A L>G] POLITICAL PURPOSE1 :ILE SIMULTANE\SLY MEET+ ! NE$S ( ! COMMUNITY MORE G5]ALLY4 ,FUR!R1 !Y W]E AN IMPORTANT CONTRA/ TO E/ABLI%$ MODELS ?AT DICTAT$ PEOPLE ( COLOR HU/LE TO GET LOANS1 ASSIMILATE 9TO ! BUS9ESS WORLD1 AMASS MONEY1 LE>N ,5GLI%1 & JO9 ! B\RGEOISIE4 

,=M] ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY ACTIVI/ & AN>*I/ COMMUNITY ORGANIZ] ,LOR5ZO ,KOM'BOA ,]V9 IS ONE ( ! MORE IMPORTANT REVOLUTION>Y-LEFT ?9K]S ON C\NT]-9/ITUTIONS4 ,HE D$ICAT$ MU* ( HIS LIFETIME ON WORK OPPOS+ RACISM & ! CRIM9AL JU/ICE SY/EM1 C>EFUL TO PO9T \T ITS RELATION%IP TO CAPITALISM3 

,! PRISON SY/EM IS ! >M$ FI/ ( ! ,/ATE1 & IS A SY/EM = ,/ATE SLAV]Y4 ,IT IS NOT REALLY = 0CRIM9ALS0 OR O!R 0SOCIAL DEVIANTS10 & IT DOES NOT EXI/ = ! 0PROTECTION ( SOCIETY40 ,IT IS = ,/ATE SOCIAL CONTROL & POLITICAL REPRESSION4 ,?US1 IT MU/ BE OPPOS$ AT EV]Y TURN & ULTIMATELY DE/ROY$ ALTOGE!R444 ,ORGANIZ+ AGA9/ ! 5EMY LEGAL & P5AL SY/EM IS BO? (F5SIVE & DEF5SIVE4 ,IT IS C>RI$ ON ) 9DIVIDUALS1 GR\PS & AMONG ! MASSES 9 ! COMMUNITY4 ,WE MU/ 9=M ! PEOPLE ON A L>GE SCALE ( ! ATROCITIES & 9HUMANITY ( ! PRISONS1 ! RI<TE\SNESS ( \R /RUGGLE1 & ! NECESSITY ( !IR FULL P>TICIPATION & SUPPORT4 ,WE MU/ ORGANIZE \R COMMUNITIES TO ATTACK ! PRISON SY/EM AS A MORAL & SOCIAL ABOM9ATION1 & WE MU/ FI<T TO FREE ALL POLITICAL_/CLASS W> PRISON]S4.<#c#e#h.> 

,GR\PS LIKE ,CRITICAL ,RESI/ANCE 7,C,R7 & ,AN>*I/ ,BLACK ,CROSS NOTE ?AT PRISONS >E TOOLS ( CONTROL4 ,C,R & ! ,J]I*O ,MOVEM5T HAVE RALLI$ ?\S&S TO FI<T CAPITALI/ EXPANSIONS SU* AS PRIVATE PRISONS1 SUP]-MAXIMUM FACILITIES1 & MORE4 ,9 HIS #ba POLITICAL REPORT TO ! ,AFRICAN ,PEOPLE'S ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY FIF? CONGRESS1 ,OMALI ,YE%ITELA TOOK IT FUR!R1 SAY+ ,U,S LAWS >E ILLEGITIMATE BECAUSE ( ! MANN] 9 :I* ! C\NTRY WAS F\ND$ & ?AT DOM9ANT SECTIONS PA9T 9C>C]ATION & SETTL]-COLONIAL JU/ICE 9 DEMOCRATIC T]MS RA!R ?AN = ! OPPRESSIVE TACTICS !Y >E4 

,:ILE ADDRESS+ ,U,S EXAMPLES1 IT %\LD ALSO BE NOT$ 9 !SE EF=TS H[ PEOPLE ( COLOR HAVE ACTIVELY F\<T CAPITALISM BY REFUT+ ASSUMPTIONS AMONG SOME SECTORS ( ! ,LEFT1 :I* CONFUSE :ITE SUPREMACY & ! FUNDAM5TALLY REACTIVE NATURE ( :ITE RACIAL ID5TITY4 ,RACISM1 = WRIT]S LIKE ,OLIV] ,COX1 IS A SOCIAL ATTITUDE AMONG 9DIVIDUALS ?AT COMPLIM5TS ! CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION ( PEOPLE ( COLOR4 ,P]CEPTIONS ( :ITE GR\P P[] AMONG 9DIVIDUAL :ITES GIVE ATTITUD9AL RACISM MU* ( ITS VIRUL5CE4 ,KALI ,AKUNO IS AMONG A NEW G5]ATION ) ROOTS 9 ! BLACK LIB]ATION CAUSE :O >E ORGANIZ+ & FUR!R+ !ORETICAL FRAMEWORKS MO/ READ 9 ,U,S POLITICAL CIRCLES4 ,MANY NEW REVIEWS ( PEOPLE ( COLOR-BAS$ ANTI-CAPITALISM COME ) ! UND]/&+ ?AT ! SUBJUGATION ( BLACK & ALL OPPRESS$ PEOPLE IS ROOT$ 9 NOT M]ELY ! /RUCTURES & NE$S ( ! ,U,S CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 BUT 9 ! PRIVILEGES ( ORD9>Y :ITES4 ,SIMPLY R5\NC+ :IT5ESS1 AS SOME !ORI/S ADVOCATE1 AVOIDS MYRIAD SOCIAL1 POLITICAL1 & CULTURAL HI/ORIES & REALITIES4 

,SOME *>ACT]I/ICS ( ANTI-CAPITALISM L$ BY PEOPLE ( COLOR :I* HAVE RET\*$ \R UND]/&+ ( ! SUB/ANCE ( !SE CONC]NS 9CLUDE AGGRESSIVE EF=TS TO RE$UCATE MEMB]S & SUPPORT]S AB\T !MSELVES & !IR RELATION%IP ) ! WORLD4 ,MAO ,Z$ONG1 = EXAMPLE1 SUGGE/$ ?AT RE/RUCTUR+ SOCIETY ALSO MEANT REMAK+ PEOPLE TO CONCEIVE ( !IR RELATION TO !IR WORLD 9 NEW WAYS4 ,! ,Y\NG ,LORDS ,P>TY1 A ,PU]TO ,RICAN NATIONAL LIB]ATION =MATION ) BASES MO/ PROM95TLY 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY & ,*ICAGO1 ORGANIZ$ M5'S GR\PS TO COMBAT PATRI>*Y1 L>GELY AT ! BEHE/ ( WOM5 LEAD]S 9 ! ORGANIZATION LIKE ,IRIS ,MORALES & ,D5ISE ,OLIV]1 & TO RETOOL ! WAYS REVOLUTION>Y M5 RELAT$ TO !IR FEMALE C\NT]P>TS4 ,JOHANNA ,F]N&EZ1 WRIT+ AB\T ,OLIV] 9 ,WANT TO ,/>T A ,REVOLUTION8 ,RADICAL ,WOM5 9 ! ,BLACK ,FRE$OM ,/RUGGLE1 PRES5TS ,OLIV]'S VIEWPO9T ON ! NECESSITY = ORGANIZ+ )9 ! COMMUNITY CLE>LY3 

,RESPOND+ TO ! FEM9I/ CRITIQUE ( NATIONALI/ WOM51 ! ,Y\NG ,LORDS EMPHASIZ$ ?AT RACE & CLASS CA/ A COMPLEXITY ON !IR OPPRESSION1 :I* C\LD NOT BE UND]/OOD OR ANALYZ$ BY ,ANGLO FEM9ISM4 ,OLIV] & O!RS >GU$ ?AT !SE 0RI<T W+0 WOM5'S GR\PS1 = EXAMPLE1 DID NOT TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ! EXPLOIT$ CONDITIONS ( ,?IRD ,WORLD WOM5 :O1 BY VIRTUE ( RACE1 W]E US$ AS A *EAP S\RCE ( LABOR & PAID SIGNIFICANTLY L[] WAGES ?AN :ITE WOM54.<#c#e#i.> 

,GLOBALLY1 MANY ( !SE \TBREAKS HAVE OP5LY CONDEMN$ IDEAS ( ,U,S EXCEPTIONALISM & 5TITLEM5T4 

,SO MU* ( ,U,S HI/ORY AVOIDS OR OBSCURES ! =G+ ( 0DEMOCRACY0 9 A WAY ?AT EXPLA9S ! SAVAG]Y1 IMPUNITY1 & %E] NUMB] ( CRIMES COMMITT$ AGA9/ PEOPLE ( COLOR 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,HI/ORICAL EV5TS >E TAU<T & EXPLA9$ 9 A WAY ?AT REMOVES ! EV5T FROM CONTEXT1 :ILE AN AHI/ORICAL L5S IS APPLI$ TO HI/ORY ITSELF4 ,! SLAU<T] ( ,NATIVE ,AM]ICANS1 RAW SEIZURE ( ! ,S\?WE/ ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & *ATTEL SLAV]Y ( ,BLACKS = COTTON PR(ITE]+--ALL CRIMES )\T SUBSEQU5T CORRECTION ( 9JU/ICE-->E ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY UND]/OOD 9 %OR?&4 ,ROXANNE ,DUNB>-,ORTIZ ADDRESSES ! ROMANTICISM 9 0,! ,GRID ( ,HI/ORY3 ,C[BOYS & ,9DIANS03 

,RECONCIL+ EMPIRE & LIB]TY WAS A HI/ORIC OBSESSION ( ,U4,S4 POLITICAL ?9K]S & HI/ORIANS1 9 ! TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY OP5LY BE+ DEBAT$ ONCE AGA94 ,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON HAD HAIL$ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES AS AN 0EMPIRE = LIB]TY40 ,&REW ,JACKSON CO9$ ! PHRASE 0EXT5D+ ! >EA ( FRE$OM0 TO DESCRIBE ! PROCESS 9 :I* SLAV]Y HAD BE5 9TRODUC$ 9TO ,TEXAS 9 VIOLATION ( GOV]N+ ,MEXICAN LAWS1 TO BE QUICKLY FOLL[$ BY A SLAVEHOLD]'S REBELLION & ,U4,S4 ANNEXATION4 ,! T]M 0FRE$OM0 BECAME A EUPHEMISM = ! CONT95TAL & WORLDWIDE EXPANSION ( ! WORLD'S LEAD+ SLAVE P[]4 ,! CONTRADICTIONS1 P>TICUL>LY S9CE ! 9ITIAL RATIONALIZATION = ,U4,S4 9DEP5D5CE WAS ANTI-EMPIRE1 >E MULTIPLE4.<#c#f.> 

,IT %\LD COME AS NO SURPRISE :Y MANY IMPORTANT ,?IRD ,WORLD REVOLUTION>IES REJECT CAPITALI/ DEMOCRACY AS A MODEL4 ,GO+ /ILL FUR!R1 ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS1 & ?OSE COMPRIS+ :AT MAY BE REG>D$ AS AN ULTRA-LEFT W+1 CRITIQUE ALL P[] RELATION%IPS4 ,SU* IS PRES5T$ (T5TIMES LESS AS ! NECESSITY ( NO P[] AT ALL 7,JO ,FREEMAN1 MO/ POPUL>LY1 REM9DS ORGANIZ]S ?AT1 9 ! ABS5CE ( NO ONE HAV+ P[]1 ! CONNECT$ & CUNN+ WILL RULE71 BUT MORE AN ISSUE ( EXPLOR+ NEW WAYS TO GUIDE \R COLLECTIVE DREAMS4 

,9 ,9DIA1 ?IS HAS 9CLUD$ A MASSIVE PEOPLE'S W>1 BAS$ AMONG ! C\NTRY'S POORE/ & MO/ OPPRESS$ E?NIC GR\PS & AIM$ AT DISMANTL+ ! ,9DIAN GOV]NM5T & ITS COMPLICITY ) ,WE/]N CAPITALISM4 ,! SO-CALL$ ,NAXALITES1 *RI/5$ AFT] ! /ATE ( ,NAXALB>I1 >GUE ?AT ECONOMIC ADVANCEM5T = ! POOR HAS MEANT ANCE/RAL L&S >E /OL5 & L>GE TRACTS >E LIT]ALLY GIV5 AWAY TO CREATE FACTORIES :I* S]VE MULT9ATIONAL CORPORATIONS4 ,?\< !IR TACTICS >E WIDELY CRITICIZ$1 ) PEOPLE LIKE ,PRA%AD CONDEMN+ !M 9 #b#a1 ! ,NAXALITES' TAKEOV]S ( 5TIRE DI/RICTS IS 9DICATIVE ( WIDE SUPPORT AMONG OPPRESS$ PEOPLE 9 ,9DIA1 BUT ALSO O!R CLASSES DISSATISFI$ ) H[ GLOBALIZATION & ,WE/]N BUS9ESS HAS MADE P[]FUL C\NTRIES LIKE ,*9A & ,9DIA SEMI-COLONIAL 9 MANY RESPECTS4 

,S\? ,AM]ICA'S MANY POPULI/ MUT9IES1 :I* HAVE DEM&$ AUTONOMY 9 RES\RCE CONTROL1 PROVIDE A FRE% UND]/&+ ( COLONIALISM'S HI/ORY & DYNAMICS ?AT >E CREAT+ NEW REALITIES4 ,GLOBALIZATION 9 ,LAT9 & ,S\? ,AM]ICA IS A PRODUCT ( M>KET-DRIV5 NEOLIB]AL ECONOMIC & POLITICAL POLICIES1 MANY ( :I* ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,MONET>Y ,FUND 7,I,M,F7 & ,WORLD ,BANK 7,W,B7 5=C$ ) ,FIR/ ,WORLD SUPPORT4 ,9 ,MEXICO1 EJIDOS 7COMMUNAL L&S7 ONCE PROTECT$ UND] ! ,CON/ITUTION1 W]E ELIM9AT$ & ! L&S SOLD TO CORPORATIONS4 ,O!R ISSUES BR++ AB\T CONFLICTS1 SU* AS 0/RUCTURAL READJU/M5T10 HAVE MEANT ELIM9AT+ AID = PEASANT F>M]S & POOR PEOPLE TO BUY FOOD1 PRIVATIZ$ SOCIAL S]VICES1 AN 5D TO WAGE SUPPORTS1 & UND]M9+ ( NETWORKS 9 ,BOLIVIA1 ,P]U1 & ,NIC>AGUA4 ,I,M,F_/,W,B DABBL+ C\PL$ ) ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,FREE ,TRADE ,AGREEM5T = ,MEXICO1 & ! CORRESPOND+ ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICAN ,FREE ,TRADE ,AGREEM5T1 CAN BE SE5 AS ! BASIS = EXPLOSIVE RISEUPS ?AT HAVE TAK5 (F AS A REACTION TO :AT MANY SEE AS ! SABOTAGE ( ! SUBJECT C\NTRY'S AUTONOMY = ECONOMIC 5DS4 ,9 NO O!R CONTEXT C\LD LEAD]S LIKE ,ECUADOR'S ,PRESID5T ,RAFAEL ,CORREA BE SO BOLD AS TO PL$GE ! REEXAM9ATION ( DEBTS 9 #bg TO DET]M9E !IR LEGITIMACY1 AS WELL AS TO REJECT ,U,S TRADE AGREEM5TS = ! POT5TIAL DAMAGE 7& 9FLATION7 !Y W\LD DO TO ! POOR 9 HIS C\NTRY4 

,!SE EXCIT+ MODELS >E BUT A FEW ( ! MANY WAYS PEOPLE ( COLOR >E *ALL5G+ CAPITALISM & OPPRESSION4 ,!Y >E ALSO CREAT+ ALT]NATIVE 9/ITUTIONS 9T5D$ = SUBSI/5CE & OPTIONS = OPPRESS$ PEOPLES \TSIDE ( ! MA/]-S]VANT /RUCTURE ( CAPITALISM1 :ILE LIKEWISE 5GAG+ 9 ACTS ( C\RAGE\S RESI/ANCE TO GLOBALIZATION1 ALL EF=TS :I* FACE POT5TIAL DE/RUCTION 9T]NALLY & EXT]NALLY4 ,MOBO ,GAO WRITES 9 ,! ,BATTLE = ,*9A'S ,PA/3 ,MAO & ! ,CULTURAL ,REVOLUTION H[ ,*9A'S CURR5T HI/ORY IS (T5 TOLD BY & FROM ! P]SPECTIVE ( ?OSE :OSE PRIVILEGE WAS ?REAT5$ DUR+ ! ,CULTURAL ,REVOLUTION1 ?OSE ) ,WE/]N PATRONS & O!RS :O W]E NOT DIRECT B5EFICI>IES ( ANTI-CAPITALI/ RE=MS1 NAMELY PEASANTS & ! POOR4 ,?US1 RA!R ?AN AN 5GAGEM5T ) IMPOV]I%$ COMMUNITIES TO GA9 AN UND]/&+ ( !IR SUFF]+ & ! L& R$I/RIBUTION DUR+ ?IS P]IOD = ! MAJORITY'S NE$S1 9 UNIV]SITIES & ,WE/]N FLA%-C>D HI/ORICAL REPORTS A G5]ATION LAT]1 ! N>RATIVE IS SOLELY ( SLAVE LABOR CAMPS1 TORTURE1 & HATE4 ,?IS IS ANO!R EXAMPLE ( ! CONSEQU5CES ( US+ AHI/ORICAL P]SPECTIVES4 ,?IRD ,WORLD ANTI-CAPITALI/ VICTORIES1 ,GAO IMPLIES1 MAY ULTIMATELY BE UNDONE BY PEOPLE 9T5T ON S]V+ ! CAPITALI/ IMPULSE3 

,9 ! 5T]PRISE ( CON/RUCT+ ! PA/ ?R\< ! DISC\RSE ( ! PRES5T1 REMEMB]+ ! ,CULTURAL ,REVOLUTION AS A NI<TM>E ID5TIFIES ) ! ,WE/1 ITS VALUES & ITS WAY ( LIFE1 ESPECIALLY !SE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,?IS IS NOT SURPRIS+ DUE TO ! HEGEMONIC POSITION ( ! ,WE/ HEAD$ BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,! POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC & MILIT>Y SUP]IORITY CAN EASILY BE TRANSLAT$ AS SUP]IORITY 9 CULTURAL & LIFE VALUE4 ,!SE GLOBALLY DOM9ANT VALUES >E !RE=E TAK5 AS UNIV]SALLY & TRANSC5D5TALLY TRUE4.<#c#f#a.> 

,REPLACE 0,CULTURAL ,REVOLUTION0 ) ANY BATTLE L$ BY ! OPPRESS$ & ANYONE CAN EASILY SEE :Y SU* OBS]VATIONS RAISE ! /AKES = ,?IRD ,WORLD ANTI-CAPITALISM EV5 HI<]--& H[ !SE HI/ORICAL N>RATIVES NE$ TO ACC\NT = COMPLEXITIES ?AT >E CURR5TLY IGNOR$4 

,9T]ROGAT+ ! ,FUTURE 

,PEOPLE ( COLOR & ! ,?IRD ,WORLD WILL MO/ ASSUR$LY CONT9UE TO FI<T ! IMPACT TRANSNATIONAL CAPITALISM HAS HAD ON OPPRESS$ COMMUNITIES4 ,EXAMPLES ( REVOLUTION>Y RESI/ANCE >E PROM95T TODAY1 BUT ! ,?IRD ,WORLD HAS SE5 MORE REACTION>Y RESPONSES1 9CLUD+ X5OPHOBIA1 RETREATS 9TO PATRIOTISM1 PATRI>*Y1 DICTATOR%IPS1 & MILIT>ISM4 ,9DE$1 ! QUE/IONS = POLITICS RELAT$ TO PEOPLE ( COLOR & ANTI-CAPITALISM >E MULTIFACET$4 

,9T]NATIONALISM T5DS T[>D V>I\S FIX$ SCI5CES & CONTRADICTIONS ?AT >E A P>T ( ! SUM ( HI/ORY4 ,H[EV]1 ,?IRD ,WORLD UND]/&+S 7AS WELL AS ! !ORY & PRAXIS MO/ ASSOCIAT$ ) ?9K]S SU* AS ,GLORIA ,ANZALDUA & ,PATRICIA ,HILL ,COLL9S7 ( RACE1 E?NICITY1 & CULTURE HAVE HELP$ TO CREATE A 0SUBJECTIVITY ( OPPRESSION40 ,YET CULTURE CANNOT BE DISSOLV$ 9TO ECONOMICS1 & RACE RELATIONS CANNOT BE FETI%IZ$ 9 A WAY ?AT HOLDS B\ND>IES >\ND RACIAL ID5TITY CATEGORIES AS POLITICAL OBJECTIVES 9 !MSELVES4 ,H[ ORGANIZ]S ( COLOR 9TEGRATE 9T]NATIONALISM & 9T]SECTIONALITY'S RECOGNITION ( MULTIPLE SUBJECTIVITIES WILL BE MONUM5TAL AS POLITICAL UPHEAVALS GEL4 

,RADICAL :ITE REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CIES SU* AS ,FIR/ ,WORLD SOCIALISM & AN>*ISM HAVE NOT ADEQUATELY RESPOND$ TO ! WAYS PEOPLE ( COLOR & ! ,?IRD ,WORLD HAVE TAK5 ON CAPITALISM4 ,MO/ TRAGICALLY1 TAILISM1 PRACTIC$ AS AN 9CORRECT AB/RACTION ( ,L59I/ OR ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN IDEALS1 HAS TAK5 HOLD 9 ISOLAT$ QU>T]S4 ,TAIL+ OPPRESS$-NATION TURBUL5CE WAS MO/ CLE>LY EXPRESS$ 9 ,U,S CLAIMS BY PEOPLE ( COLOR = NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE1 A DEM& :I* HAS ALWAYS BE5 A M>G9AL ONE AMONG PEOPLE ( COLOR1 AS IT DOES NOT APPE> TO (F] A SOLUTION TO CAPITALISM & IMP]IALISM :I* >E WRECK+ ! ,?IRD ,WORLD ?R\< TRANSNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATION%IPS4 ,WORSE1 A PR(\NDLY CONS]VATIVE ?RU/ >GUES ?AT ALL REVOLUTION>IES %\LD FALL 9 L9E SIMPLY BECAUSE OPPRESS$-NATION ,FIR/ ,WORLD PEOPLE OR ,?IRD ,WORLD =CES MAKE A CALL1 )\T EXAM9+ ! ASPIRATIONS1 OR POSSIBLE CONSEQU5CES1 ( ?AT CALL4 

,9 ! SAME BREA?1 ONE ( ,M>XISM'S MO/ /UNN+ FAILURES1 & A MAJOR OB/ACLE TO RELEVANCE BEYOND %OR?& 9 ! NEW MILL5NIUM1 HAS BE5 A *RONIC 9ABILITY TO UND]/& RACE & TO DISMISS RACIAL OPPRESSION 9 FAVOR ( ECONOMISM & R$UCTIONISM4 ,SU* CRITIQUES P>ADOXICALLY R$UCE RACE & G5D] TO P]SONAL ID5TITY & COMPETITORS TO CLASS1 ?US MISS+ !IR MAT]IAL BASIS & ! WAYS !Y 9T]SECT ) CLASS4 ,9 :AT RESPECTS8 ,CULTURAL NORMS1 :5 US$ TO DIVIDE LABOR 9TO DOM9ANT GR\PS & ! ,O!R1 GIVE ! IDEA ( 9T]NAL COLONIZATION VALIDITY1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,U,S ,EMPIRE4 ,LIKEWISE1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL ADMIRABLY /OOD AT V>I\S PO9TS 9 TIME ) NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE 9 ! ,?IRD ,WORLD1 :ILE D5Y+ CULTURAL SELF-DET]M9ATION AT A COMMUNITY LEVEL 9 ITS [N PROJECT ( ,O!R+4 ,?AT SU* AN ANTIQUAT$ ANALYSIS 7:I* WAS ORIG9ALLY US$ TO DESCRIBE OPPRESS$ GR\PS ( ! TIME SU* AS ! ,POLI% PEOPLE BECOM+ A MAJORITY CULTURE & ECONOMIC P[]7 IS A DEFAULT POSITION /&S AS A GL>+ ]ROR ?AT DOES NOT SEE ! P>TICUL>ITY ( RACE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 AMONG O!R REGIONS4 ,AN>*I/S1 H[EV]1 NE$ NOT1 & %\LD NOT1 BE LIMIT$ BY VULG> ,M>XISM'S /ULTIFY+ R$UCTIONISM4 

,TO BE FAIR1 ,?IRD ,WORLD & OPPRESS$-NATION F]M5TATIONS HAVE NOT HAD ALL ! ANSW]S EI!R4 ,9 TRU?1 ,?IRD ,WORLD LIB]ATION TR5DS & OPPRESS$-NATION ,FIR/ ,WORLD PEOPLE ( COLOR CAN BO? LOOK UPON FAILURES ( !IR [N REVOLUTION>Y MOM5TS & TURN+ PO9TS :]E ]UPTIONS W]E UNABLE TO RESPOND TO POLITICAL1 SOCIAL1 ECONOMIC1 & CULTURAL CONDITIONS4 

,!ORETICAL TUSSLES 9CLUDE H[ CAPITALISM HAS %AP$ ! MO/ COMPLEX QUE/IONS ( V>I\S LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS' P]CEIV$ GOALS & IDEAS ( SELF-DET]M9ATION & AUTONOMY4 ,H[ DO COMMUNITIES EFFECTIVELY ADDRESS MATT]S ( PRIVILEGE & P[] :5 ?OSE ASC5D+ ! LADD] >E MEMB]S ( ! OPPRESS$-NATION'S B\RGEOISIE8 

,9 ,MEXICO1 ! RELEASE ( ! MAJOR-/UDIO MOTION PICTURE ,FRIDA1 ON ! LIFE ( MULTIE?NIC >TI/ & COMMUNI/ ACTIVI/ ,FRIDA ,KAHLO1 BR\<T ON A DIALOGUE4 ,CULTURE & POLITICS1 WRIT]S >TICULAT$1 MU/ DEF9E ID5TITY RA!R ?AN NATIONAL ORIG9 & E?NICITY4 ,GLOBALIZATION HAS EXAC]BAT$ AN 9T]DEP5D5T BUT UNEQUAL RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ,MEXICO1 WRITES ,ISABEL ,MOL9A-,GUZMAN 9 ,DANG]\S ,CURVES3 ,LAT9A ,BODIES 9 ! ,M$IA1 & ,U,S-BAS$ REPRES5TATIONS ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN ICONS TAKE ON SOME GRAVITY RELAT$ TO H[ CULTURE & POLITICS COLLIDE4 ,MOL9A-,GUZMAN SUMS IT UP ?IS WAY3 

,E?NIC ID5TITY IS NOT FIX$2 RA!R IT IS 9 A CON/ANT /ATE ( =MATION & RE=MULATION AS IT RESPONDS TO ! EV]-%IFT+ T]RA9 ( PO/-COLONIAL GLOBAL CULTURE4444 ,BY QUE/ION+ H[ WE >E REPRES5T$1 WE >E PROVID$ ! OPPORTUNITY TO R$EF9E \RSELVES & 9 R$EF9+ \RSELVES CRITIQUE DOM9ANT SY/EMS ( SOCIAL SIGNIFICATION4 ,COMPET+ CON/RUCTIONS ( E?NIC ID5TITY PROVIDE AN OPPORTUNITY TO NEGOTIATE ! SYMBOLIC COLONIZATION ( ,LAT9IDAD & OP5 UP MORE FLUID UND]/&+S ( ! M$IAT$ P]=MANCE ( G5D]$ ,LAT9IDAD4.<#c#f#b.> 

,H[EV]1 MU* WORK 9 ! POLITICAL REALM REMA9S 9 PROCESS4 ,H[ CAN ?OSE COMMITT$ TO ! REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT CL>IFY !SE RELATION%IPS FUR!R8 

,AKUNO & O!RS /RESS DIALECTICAL P]CEPTIONS BY PEOPLE ( COLOR ( ANTI-CAPITALISM4 ,CONC]N$ PEOPLE %\LD LOOK AT ! ESS5CE ( EV]Y HAPP5+1 SEP>AT+ \T :AT IS POSITIVE & REVOLUTION>Y FROM :AT IS NEGATIVE & REACTION>Y4 ,SOME /ORMS1 AFT] A ?OR\< ANALYSIS1 >E CAPITALI/ AT !IR CORE1 ?R\< ! POSITIONS = :I* !Y SPEAK 9 SUPPORT4 

,]IC ,MANN1 9 DISCUSS+ ! #ba ,WORLD ,CONF]5CE AGA9/ ,RACISM HO/$ 9 ,DURBAN1 ,S\? ,AFRICA1 NOTES ?AT AN EFFECTIVE /RATEGY W\LD REQUIRE ORGANIZ]S TO UND]/& OP5LY ! /R5G?S & WEAKNESSES ( CAPITALISM & IMP]IALISM4 

,:E!R UND] ,REPUBLICAN OR ,DEMOCRATIC TACTICAL LEAD]%IP1 ! /RATEGY ( ,U4,S IMP]IALISM IS TO RULE ! WORLD4 ,9 A SOCIETY 9 :I* BIG BUS9ESS IS K+1 ,U4,S4 L$ MONOPOLY CAPITALISM RELIES ON PR(ITS & SUP]PR(ITS FROM ,?IRD ,WORLD NATIONS4 ,IT A*IEVES !SE OBJECTIVES BY 09TEGRAT+0 ,?IRD ,WORLD NATIONS 9TO AN 9T]NATIONAL ECONOMY /RUCTURALLY DOM9AT$ BY ! ,I,M,F1 ,WORLD ,BANK1 ,W,T,O1 ,N,A,T,O1 & YES1 ! ,U,N1 :I* 9 TURN1 >E CONTROLL$ BY ! ,U4,S4 ,UND] ?IS TOTALIT>IAN CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 ,?IRD ,WORLD NATIONS >E SY/EMATICALLY UND]DEVELOP$ ?R\< A GLOBAL NETWORK ?AT DE/ROYS !IR LOCAL 9DU/RIES1 OBLIT]ATES PROTECTIVE T>IFFS1 P5ETRATES !IR LOCAL M>KETS1 PRIVATIZES !IR NATIONAL & NATURAL RES\RCES1 & IMP\NDS CA% CROPS TO FE$ ,WE/]N BANKS4 ,AS ,*RI/IAN *>ITIES GET RI* EXPLOIT+ PICTURES ( EMACIAT$ ,?IRD ,WORLD *ILDR51 !Y EXHIBIT A RACI/ BL9D SPOT :]E !Y REFUSE TO CONNECT ! DOTS BETWE5 ,?IRD ,WORLD POV]TY & FIR/ WORLD WEAL?1 BETWE5 /RUCTURAL RACISM & ,U4,S4 IMP]IALISM4.<#c#f#c.> 

,!SE ISSUES >E MO/ C]TA9LY SALI5T1 & P]HAPS LIKELY SOON TO BE ADDRESS$4 

,9 #a#i#i#i1 A HO/ ( ,?IRD ,WORLD C\NTRIES1 9CLUD+ FROM ! ,C>IBBEAN & ,ASIA1 F\<T BACK AGA9/ ,WE/]N 9T]E/S ON KEY ECONOMIC & TRADE ISSUES4 ,SOLID>ITY BY ?\S&S ( PROTE/]S 9 ,SEATTLE GAVE PUN* TO ! ANTI-GLOBALIZATION ACTIONS4 ,YE>S LAT]1 ! ,?IRD ,WORLD & OPPRESS$-NATION ,FIR/ ,WORLD PEOPLE ( COLOR KEEP FI<T+4 ,:E!R MOD]N POPULISM EVOLVES 9TO A G5U9ELY ANTI-CAPITALI/ VISION OR ONE 9 :I* NATIONALI/ IMPULSES WILL FUR!R DIVIDE 9T]NAL CLASSES IS YET TO BE SE54 ,H[EV]1 IT IS ! IDEA ( DIGNITY ?AT ! WORLD CAN PUT (F NO LONG]4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #c#a1 #bba 3 ,P>T #e -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #a#c1 #bba 3 ,P>T #e -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/