,APP5DIX #a 
,DIT*+ ,CLASS3 ,! ,PRAXIS ( ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,ECONOMICS 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABBEY ,VOLCANO 

,AU?OR 3 ,AN?ONY ,J4 ,NOCELLA ,I,I 

,AU?OR 3 ,C>OL9E ,K4 ,KALTEFLEIT] 

,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 

,TEXT 3 

,SCOTT ,NAPPALOS 

,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM1 ! ,ASPIRATION ( ,CLASSES 9 ,/RUGGLE 

,CLASS RELATION%IPS /& AT ! CORE ( GLOBAL SOCIETIES 9 \R TIME4 ,! 9T]LOCK+ WEB ( CAPITALI/ & /ATE P[] RELATIONS >E EMB$D$ & REPRODUC$ AS CLASS EXPLOITATION AT EV]Y LEVEL 9 COMMUNITIES4 ,! ABOLITION ( CLASS EXPLOITATION IS ! F\NDATION ( ANY FUTURE SOCIALI/ ECONOMY1 ONE :I* ,I HOPE W\LD LEAD TO A SOCIETY :]E ALL PEOPLE & COMMUNITIES W\LD BE ABLE TO DEVELOP AUTONOM\SLY TO !IR FULL CAPACITIES4 ,DUR+ EV]Y /RUGGLE = LIB]ATION & AUTONOMY1 CLASS HAS /OOD 9 ! WAY ( FUR!R DEVELOP+ \R HUMAN POT5TIAL4 ,CLASS HAS PROVID$ ! B$ROCK = C\NT]REVOLUTIONS &1 EV5 MORE ?REAT5+ TO LIB]ATION1 HAS BE5 CAPITALISM'S ABILITY TO REPRODUCE CLASS RELATIONS EV5 :5 ! OLD ACTORS1 ! CAPITALI/S1 HAVE FL$ ! SC5E4 ,NEW CLASSES RISE TO TAKE ! PLACE ( ! OLD ONES1 & ! FAILURE TO DO AWAY ) CLASS ALTOGE!R HAS L$ TO SOME ( ! WOR/ HUMAN TRAG$IES1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! =M] ,SOVIET C\NTRIES & V>I\S NATIONAL LIB]ATION /RUGGLES4 

,ANY GR\P ( PEOPLE :O SEEK TO DO AWAY ) CLASS EXPLOITATION WILL RUN UP AGA9/ A PROBLEM4 ,H[ IS ANO!R =M ( ECONOMIC ACTIVITY POSSIBLE8 ,! EASY ANSW] IS ?AT CAPITALISM IS NOT ET]NAL4 ,CAPITALISM IS REALI/ICALLY A M>G9AL =M ( ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION 9 HUMAN HI/ORY1 ?\< ONE ?AT SPREAD FROM WE/]N ,EUROPE A FEW C5TURIES AGO TO BECOME :OLLY DOM9ANT1 & HAS LEFT A PA? ( C>NAGE 7HUMAN & 5VIRONM5TAL7 9 ITS WAKE4 ,/ILL1 WE DON'T WANT M]ELY A DIFF]5T ECONOMY1 BUT A BETT] ONE1 & IDEALLY ONE ?AT TRANSC5DS ! PROBLEMS ( TYRANNY1 9EQUITY1 WA/E1 & DEPRIVATION4 

,LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM IS ONE SU* POSSIBILITY1 ?\< !RE NE$S TO BE A DISCLAIM]4 ,NONE ( ! SO-CALL$ 0COMMUNI/ C\NTRIES0 HAD ANY SEMBLANCE ( COMMUNISM4 ,ALL HAD CLASS SY/EMS ) WORK]S & MANAG]S1 ) WAGE SY/EMS1 & :]E ! WORK]S NEI!R [N$ NOR CONTROLL$ !IR WORK & ITS PRODUCTS4 ,?US1 ?OSE C\NTRIES RESEMBL$ CAPITALISM MORE CLOSELY ?AN A SOCIETY BAS$ ON ! ABOLITION ( REMUN]ATION 9 ! =M ( WAGES & DEMOCRATIC CONTROL4 .<#c#h#h.> 

,LIKEWISE MO/ PEOPLE ID5TIFI$ ) COMMUNISM TODAY ONLY BELIEV$ 9 COMMUNISM AFT] !IR [N DISCLAIM]S4 ,M>X1 ,L591 & MO/ ( !IR FOLL[]S MADE A DI/9CTION BETWE5 HI<] & L[] /AGES ( COMMUNISM1 :]E WE W\LD PASS FROM L[] TO HI<] COMMUNISM AS ! REVOLUTION UNFOLD$1 ! PROLET>IAN /ATE WI!R$ AWAY1 & SO ON4 ,MANY ,M>XI/S ?\<T ( ?IS L[] /AGE AS SOCIALISM4 ,= ?IS REASON :5EV] MA9/REAM ,M>XI/ !ORY ATTEMPT$ TO ADDRESS ! QUE/ION ( PO/-REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETY1 ! EMPHASIS WAS PLAC$ ON ! L[] PHASE ( COMMUNISM4 ,! L[] PHASE1 FOLL[+ ,M>X'S CONCEPTION ( A TRANSITION P]IOD1 W\LD BE> SOME ( ! M>KS ( ! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY :I* GAVE BIR? TO IT1 9CLUD+ COMPULSION TO WORK VIA A COLLECTIVI/ WAGE SY/EM--SOMETIMES ( LABOR V\*]S1 OR AT O!R TIMES DIFF]5T WAGE S*EMES4 ,= ?IS REASON1 MU* ( ! ,M>XI/ COMMUNI/ ECONOMIC LIT]ATURE ISN'T ACTUALLY COMMUNI/1 BUT FOCUS$ ON COLLECTIVI/ ECONOMICS4 ,! HI<] /AGE ( COMMUNISM IS LEFT TO BE DET]M9$ BY ! PO/-REVOLUTION>Y WORK+ CLASS1 EXCEPT = A FEW EXPLORATORY REM>KS 9 ,M>X'S CORPUS4 

,LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ ECONOMICS1 H[EV]1 HAVE A FEW DEF9+ FEATURES3 

,A COMMITM5T TO A FUTURE ECONOMY BAS$ ON ! PRAXIS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK+ CLASS & POPUL> CLASSES4 

,AN ECONOMY BAS$ ON ! DE/RUCTION ( ! WAGE SY/EM ( LABOR1 & A DE-L9K+ ( ! VALUE ( LABOR 9 PRODUCTION FROM ! DI/RIBUTION ( SOCIETY'S WEAL? TO ITS MEMB]S4 

,COLLECTIVE CONTROL & MANAGEM5T ( ! 5TIRE ECONOMY BY ! DIRECT CONTROL ( WORK]S & COMMUNITY MEMB]S UNIT$ 9 A C\NCIL SY/EM ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY4 

,! ABOLITION ( 9T]M$I>Y 9/ITUTIONS ( P[] GOV]N+ ! ECONOMY4 

,! ASSETS ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ ECONOMICS >E ALSO SOME ( ITS WEAKNESSES1 AT LEA/ 9 REG>DS TO :AT IS SOMETIMES CALL$ PRESCRIPTIVE ECONOMICS4 ,PRESCRIPTIVE ECONOMICS ATTEMPTS TO LAY \T A VISION1 9 \R CASE1 ( A PO/-CAPITALI/ ECONOMIC SY/EM BAS$ ON SOME CORE VALUES4 ,PRAXIS IS ! CONCEPT ( L9K+ IDEAS & VISION ) CONCRETE PRACTICES & /RUGGLES4 ,HI/ORICALLY1 IT WAS ! AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S :O G5]ALLY TOOK UP ! PROBLEM ( ! POSSIBILITY ( CLASSLESS SOCIETY1 & EV5 !N ONLY TEMP]$ BY ! NECESS>Y RECOGNITION ( ! LEAD]%IP & 9NOVATION ( EV]YDAY PEOPLE TO SOLVE ! PROBLEM CONCRETELY4 ,! LACK ( MAT]IALS ON PRESCRIPTIVE ECONOMICS CAN BE TRAC$ 9 P>T TO ! /RONG COMMITM5T 9 AN>*I/ & LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ ?\<T TO ! CONCEPT ( PRAXIS4 

,PRAXIS 

,PAULO ,FREIRE DEF9$ PRAXIS AS 0REFLECTION & ACTION UPON ! WORLD 9 ORD] TO TRANS=M IT40 .<#c#h#i.> ,?IS IS TO SAY ?AT WE %\LD SEEK TO ACT AS REVOLUTION>IES ?R\< A CONSCI\S PROGRAM ( UNIT+ \R ?9K+ AB\T \R ACTIONS & ! IMPACT !Y HAVE4 ,!ORY & PRACTICE %\LD AIM = A RELATION%IP ( BACK & =?1 TE/+ & REASSESS+1 & BUILD+ !ORY COLLECTIVELY \T ( ! CONCRETE /RUGGLES ( ! OPPRESS$ CLASSES 9 ACTION4 ,AS ,M>X SAYS 9 ,! ,G]MAN ,IDEOLOGY1 

,COMMUNISM IS = US NOT A /ATE ( AFFAIRS :I* IS TO BE E/ABLI%$1 AN IDEAL TO :I* REALITY .<WILL.> HAVE TO ADJU/ ITSELF4 ,WE CALL COMMUNISM ! REAL MOVEM5T :I* ABOLI%ES ! PRES5T /ATE ( ?+S4 ,! CONDITIONS ( ?IS MOVEM5T RESULT FROM ! PREMISES N[ 9 EXI/5CE4.<#c#i.> 

,LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ PRESCRIPTIVE ECONOMICS HAS !N BE5 %AP$ BY BELIEF 9 ! POT5TIAL LEAD]%IP ( ! WORK+ CLASS & POPUL> CLASSES1 & ! COMMITM5T TO PRESCRIPTIVE ECONOMICS REFLECT+ BO? A /RATEGY = A*IEV+ SU* AN ECONOMY & A !ORY :I* REFLECTS \R EXP]I5CES 9 /RUGGLE4 ,! LUM9>IES ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ ECONOMICS COME FROM P]IODS ( 9T5SE CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,KROPOTK91 ,B]KMAN1 ,BORDIGA1 ! ,IMPOSSIBILI/ ,SOCIALI/S ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL1 ,SOCIALISME AU ,B>B]IE1 ,DE ,JAQUES1 !ORI/S ( ! ,C,N,T1 & ,CAFI]O ALL ADDRESS CRITICAL ISSUES 9 PRESCRIPTIVE ECONOMICS1 & DO SO FROM ! /R5G?S & WEAKNESSES ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOM5TS !Y P>TICIPAT$ 94 ,= ! ,5GLI%-SPEAK+ WORLD1 !RE IS A FAMILI> *ALL5GE4 ,! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( PRESCRIPTIVE ECONOMICS 9 ! LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ TRADITION CAME FROM ,SLAVIC1 ,ROMANCE1 & ,EA/ ,ASIAN REGIONS4 ,UNTIL REC5TLY1 FEW ( !SE TEXTS W]E TRANSLAT$4 ,MANY REMA9 \T ( PR9T1 OR ONLY AVAILABLE 9 OBSCURE J\RNALS4 ,SOME LIKE ,BORDIGA1 HAVE NEXT TO NO?+ 9 ,5GLI%1 & CAN G5]ALLY ONLY BE READ 9 ,ITALIAN & ,FR5*1 ) LESS AVAILABLE EV5 9 ,SPANI%4 ,) ?IS 9 M9D1 A PROJECT ( /UDY1 TRANSLATION1 & DEBATE >\ND LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ ECONOMICS IS AN IMPORTANT P>T ( ! LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ REBIR? UND]WAY WORLDWIDE4 

,LIV$ ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM 

,! EXP]I5CES WE HAVE >E LIMIT$ TO P>TIAL & MOM5T>Y EXP]I5CES 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS SU* AS ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION1 ! ,HUNG>IAN WORK]S C\NCILS 9 #a#i#e#f1 ! ,ISRAELI KIBBUTZIM1 ! ,UKRA9IAN COMMUNES DUR+ ! ,MAKHNOVS*9A1 & V>I\S LIB]T>IAN 5DEAVORS TODAY LIKE AUTONOM\S ,ZAPATI/A COMMUNITIES1 ! ,>G5T9EAN FACTORY SEIZURES DUR+ ! ECONOMIC COLLAPSE ( #b#a1 WORK]S :O BROKE ) ,ALL5DE'S GOV]NM5T TO EXPROPRIATE 9 ,*ILI1 & SOME MORE LIMIT$ APPLICATIONS 9 OP5 S\RCE1 FREE S(TW>E1 LIBR>IES1 OCCUPI$ H\S+1 & OCCUPI$ COLLECTIVIZ$ HEAL? C>E & $UCATION4 ,/>T+ ) ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 LIB]T>IAN & AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/S ALIKE DREW FROM ! LESSONS ( REVOLUTION>Y MOM5TS1 & S\<T TO EXTRAPOLATE LESSONS = ! FUTURE4 ,BAKUN9 & ,M>X SP5T CONSID]ABLE WORK ON ! ,COMMUNE1 & IT P]HAPS %IFT$ SOME ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ?9K+ ( ! TIME4 ,! AIM ( ?IS WORK ISN'T TO MAKE SU* A /UDY1 BUT !SE HI/ORICAL EX]CISES >E USEFUL & WILL P>TIALLY BE REPEAT$ H]E4 ,?AT SAID1 !SE EXP]I5CES H>DLY W>RANT 5\< DATA TO SPEAK AU?ORITATIVELY ON PO/-REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETY1 BUT !RE >E LESSONS :I* >E WOR? REFLECT+ ON1 & !RE >E SOME BROAD CONCLUSIONS WE MAY DRAW4 ,SEE+ ! SE$S ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM AS A LIV$ BODY ( ACTIVITY DEMON/RATES ! POT5TIAL = A FUTURE SOCIETY BEYOND ! %ACKLES ( PRES5T OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION4 

,PEASANT /RUGGLES ACROSS ! WORLD DEMON/RAT$ GLIMPSES ( ECONOMIC RELATIONS BAS$ ON COLLECTIVE DI/RIBUTION & PRODUCTION4 ,9 ,GEORGIA DUR+ ! #aie ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ PEASANTS SEIZ$ L& & CREAT$ A COMMUNE = A P]IOD ) DI/RIBUTION )\T WAGES OR MONEY4 ,! SAME W\LD OCCUR SOON !REAFT] 9 ! ,UKRA9E1 :]E A :OLE REGION ( AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ PEASANT & WORK]S' C\NCILS W\LD BUILD ! SE$S ( AN AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ ECONOMY1 UNTIL IT WAS SURR\ND$ & CRU%$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIK >MIES4 ,DUR+ ! ,MEXICAN ,REVOLUTION1 9SURG5T COMMUNITIES ORGANIZ$ ) ! RESI/ANCE ( ,EMILIANO ,ZAPATA ALSO RAN L& COMMUNALLY1 AS HAD BE5 A P>T ( 9DIG5\S TRADITIONS1 & :I* SPREAD UND] REVOLUTION>Y LEAD]%IP ( PEOPLES 9 >MS4 

,FOLL[+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I1 ,ITALY EXPLOD$ 9 WORK+-CLASS RESI/ANCE4 ,WORK]S F\<T AU/]ITY ?R\< 9DEP5D5T MILITANT UNIONS1 ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ,U,S,I1 & A SY/EM ( WORK]S' C\NCILS4 ,AT ITS HEI<T1 G5]AL /RIKES L$ TO FACTORY OCCUPATIONS & WORK]S' C\NCILS ?AT APPROV$ SOCIAL PRODUCTION BE=E ITS REPRESSION4 ,! RAILWAY UNION1 = EXAMPLE1 WAS ONE ( ! MO/ MILITANT & AN>*I/-9FLU5C$ UNIONS 9 ,ITALY DUR+ ! 0,R$ ,YE>S0 ( #a#i#a#i-#a#i#b4 ,! RAILWAY UNION SUPPORT$ ! OCCUPATIONS & WORK]S' C\NCILS1 & REFUS$ TO TRANSPORT TROOPS TO CRU% ! C\NCILS4 ,! UNION EV5TUALLY EXT5D$ ?IS RESI/ANCE FROM OCCUPATION T[>DS COMMUNI/ PRODUCTION4 

,AS ! RAIL UNION MOV$ 9TO A POSITION ( SUPPORT = ! OCCUPATION ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY1 ! WORK]S ON ! ,ITALIAN ,/ATE ,RAILWAYS BEGAN SWIT*+ FREI<T C>S TO ! FACTORY SID+S1 PROVID+ FUEL & RAW MAT]IALS & TRANSPORT CONNECTIONS BETWE5 ! V>I\S FACTORIES UND] OCCUPATION4 ,?IS ACTION WAS ESS5TIAL 9 5ABL+ ! WORK]S TO CONT9UE PRODUCTION4.<#c#i#a.> 

,9 ,HUNG>Y 9 #a#i#e#f1 A G5]AL 9SURRECTION SWELL$ AFT] PROTE/S L$ BY /UD5T & CL&E/9E LEFT GR\PS W]E VIOL5TLY REPRESS$ 9 AN ATMOSPH]E ( WORK]S' RESI/ANCE ACROSS ! SOVIET BLOC & REPRESSION BY ! ,U,S,S,R FOLL[+ ,/AL9'S DEA?4 ,WORK]S %ORTLY TOOK ! LEAD & CREAT$ A SY/EM ( WORK]S C\NCILS TO RUN SOCIETY COLLECTIVELY1 ABOLI%$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 PRACTICE1 & BUILT SOLDI]'S C\NCILS = ! DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,! WORK]S TOOK ! /RUGGLE BEYOND A MILIT>Y FI<T1 /OPP$ PRODUCTION1 & ACTUALLY BEGAN RUNN+ ! ECONOMY = ! COMMUNITY'S NE$S4 ,:ILE ANY REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION IS RIFE ) AMBIGUITIES & CONTRADICTIONS1 WE CAN SEE K]NELS ( COMMUNI/ ECONOMICS )9 ! REORGANIZ$ PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION EXP]IM5TS ( ! ,HUNG>IAN WORK]S 9 REVOLT4 ,NICK ,HEA? WRITES1 

,PEASANTS & F>M WORK]S ORGANIZ$ DELIV]IES ( FOOD TO ! WORK]S 9 ! CITIES4 ,!Y DROVE \T ! KOLKHOZ 7,/ATE F>M7 MANAG]S4 ,9 SOME >EAS !Y R$I/RIBUT$ L&1 :ILE 9 O!RS !Y KEPT ! COLLECTIVES GO+ UND] !IR [N MANAGEM5T4.<#c#i#b.> 

,WORK]S CONT9U$ TO PRODUCE 9 ! COLLECTIVELY MANAG$ 9DU/RIES1 :ILE DI/RIBUTION WAS C>RI$ \T ON A COMMUNI/ BASIS 9 MANY 9/ANCES4 ,?IS WAS BAS$ ON ! NE$S ( ! COMMUNITY 9 ! /RUGGLE1 & )\T A SY/EM ( WAGES OR ALLOCATION ACCORD+ TO ! P]CEIV$ VALUE ( !IR CONTRIBUTION4 ,HEA? QUOTES ! ,OBS]V] AT ! TIME3 

,A FANTA/IC ASPECT ( ! SITUATION IS ?AT AL?\< ! G5]AL /RIKE IS 9 BE+ & !RE IS NO C5TRALLY ORGANIZ$ 9DU/RY1 ! WORK]S >E NEV]!LESS TAK+ UPON !MSELVES TO KEEP ESS5TIAL S]VICES GO+ = PURPOSES :I* !Y DET]M9E & SUPPORT4 ,WORK]S C\NCILS 9 9DU/RIAL DI/RICTS HAVE UND]TAK5 ! DI/RIBUTION ( ESS5TIAL GOODS & FOOD TO ! POPULATION1 9 ORD] TO KEEP !M ALIVE4 ,! COAL M9]S >E MAK+ DAILY ALLOCATIONS ( JU/ SUFFICI5T COAL TO KEEP ! P[] /ATIONS GO+ & SUPPLY HOSPITALS 9 ,BUDAPE/ & O!R L>GE T[NS4 ,RAILWAYM5 ORGANIZE TRA9S TO GO TO APPROV$ DE/9ATIONS = APPROV$ PURPOSES4 ,IT IS SELF HELP 9 A SETT+ ( ,AN>*Y4.<#c#i#c.> 

,! ,HUNG>IAN SITUATION WAS CUT %ORT BY ITS 5=C$ ISOLATION BY ! UNIT$ ,/AL9I/ & CAPITALI/ P[]S FE>+ A SPREAD ( WORK]S' DEMOCRACY1 & ULTIMATELY ,RUSSIAN TANKS SIL5C$ ! ,HUNG>Y LIB]T>IAN EXP]IM5T4 ,WE CAN ONLY SPECULATE H[ ! QUE/ION ( WAGES & COMMUNITY MANAGEM5T W\LD HAVE PLAY$ \T1 & IF ! WORK]S' C\NCIL SY/EM W\LD HAVE SPREAD DIRECT DEMOCRACY BEYOND ! WORKPLACE ALONE4 ,/ILL1 ?IS EXP]I5CE1 :I* HAS BE5 REPEAT$ ACROSS HI/ORY1 REFLECTS ! POT5TIAL = AN ECONOMY RUN ON COLLECTIVE CONTROL OV] DI/RIBUTION DE-L9K$ FROM ! WAGE SY/EM & ITS CORRESPOND+ DI/RIBUTION SY/EM4 

,HI/ORY IS FILL$ ) O!R EXP]I5CES ) MANY \TSIDE ! WORKPLACE4 ,9 ,ITALY DUR+ ! '#fS & '#gS1 WORK]S & SOCIAL MOVEM5TS ROSE UP & TOOK ! /RUGGLE \TSIDE ! FACTORY WALLS4 ,9 OCCUPI$ BUILD+S1 ! WOM5'S MOVEM5T & WORK]S BEGAN TO PLAN & ORGANIZE COLLECTIVE BUILD+S = COMMUNITY USE ON A NON-MONET>Y BASIS4 ,F>E /RIKES SAW ! UNITY ( TRANSIT RID]S OP]AT+ )\T MONET>Y EX*ANGE1 & 9 SOME CASES 7AS NE>LY FIFTY YE>S BE=E7 TRANSIT WORK]S R$IRECT+ TRANSIT = POPUL> USAGE4 ,EXP]I5CES 9 SQUATS REORGANIZ+ & R$EVELOP+ SPACE COLLECTIVELY IS SPREAD ?R\<\T ,EUROPE 9 ,G]MANY1 ,HOLL&1 ,AU/RIA1 ,ITALY1 ,FRANCE1 & SO ON4 ,F>E /RIKES1 COLLECTIVE EXPROPRIATION & R$I/RIBUTION ( GROC]IES1 & OCCUPATIONS >E M]E GLIMPSES )9 NON-REVOLUTION>Y SITUATIONS ( A COMMUNAL ECONOMY RUN BY ! COMMUNITY ON A NE$S BASIS4 

,! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION1 CREAT$ BY ! POPUL> RESI/ANCE ( ! PEASANTS & WORK+ CLASSES TO A FASCI/ C\P 9 #a#i#c#f1 L$ TO A BROAD LIB]T>IAN EXP]IM5T UNP>ALLEL$ 9 ITS DEP? & BREAD?4 ,)\T DELV+ TOO DEEPLY 9TO ITS COMPLEX & CONTRADICTORY EXP]I5CE1 WE CAN SEE ?AT ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION DEMON/RAT$ ! POT5TIALS ( A COMMUNI/ ECONOMY4 ,! ,SPANI% ECONOMY & MOVEM5TS W]E HI<LY REGIONALIZ$ AT ! TIME4 ,LIKEWISE ! ADVANCES ( ! REVOLUTION DIFF]$ BY REGION1 ITS MOVEM5TS1 RUL+ CLASS1 PRODUCTIVE CAPACITIES1 & SO ON4 ,:ILE 9 ,CATALONIA ! /ATE WAS ALL[$ TO SURVIVE1 9 ,>AGON AN>*I/ MILITIAS & PEASANT ORGANIZATIONS DE/ROY$ ! RULE ( ! LOCAL RUL+ CLASS & /ATE4 ,GA/ON ,LEVAL1 A ,SPANI% AN>*I/ :O TOOK P>T 9 & /UDI$ ! REVOLUTION>Y COLLECTIVES ACROSS ,SPA91 DOCUM5T$ ! EXP]I5CES ( ! COLLECTIVES & COMMUNES1 :I* ABOLI%$ WAGES1 MONEY1 & E/ABLI%$ SOCIAL DI/RIBUTION DE-L9K$ FROM PRODUCTIVE VALUE4 ,LEVAL IS WOR? QUOT+ H]E AT L5G?3 

,BUT--& ?IS WAS ! CASE ESPECIALLY 9 ,>AGON--:]E ! ,/ATE DID NOT DOM9ATE1 MANY ORIG9AL SOLUTIONS HAD TO BE IMPROVIS$2 & WE MEAN 0MANY10 = EA* VILLAGE OR SMALL LOCALITY 9TRODUC$ ITS [N SOLUTION4 

,AT ! BEG9N+1 !N1 !RE WAS NO TACIT AGREEM5T O!R ?AN = ! ABOLITION ( MONEY1 ! EXPRESSION & SYMBOL ( TRADITIONAL 9JU/ICE1 SOCIAL 9EQUALITY1 ! CRU%+ ( ! POOR BY ! RI*1 ! OPUL5CE ( SOME AT ! EXP5SE ( ! POV]TY ( O!RS4 ,= C5TURIES1 & FROM AS F> BACK AS ! COMPLA9TS ( ! \TCA/S ( =TUNE HAD BE5 TRANSMITT$ FROM G5]ATION TO G5]ATION1 MONEY HAD APPE>$ AS ! GREATE/ ( ALL MEANS ( EXPLOITATION1 & ! HATR$ ( ! COMMON PEOPLE HAD BUILT UP AGA9/ ! CURS$ METAL1 AGA9/ ! PAP] MONEY :I* ! REVOLUTION>IES HAD SET !IR M9DS ON ABOLI%+ FIR/ & =EMO/4 

,9 ,>AGON !Y KEPT !IR WORD4 ,NEV]!LESS1 = ALL ?AT ! PR9CIPLE ( ! 0PRIZE AU TAS0 OR 9 ECONOMIC T]MS FREE CONSUMPTION1 WAS NOT APPLI$4 ,AP>T FROM ACCESS1 )\T CONTROL1 TO EXI/+ GOODS AVAILABLE 9 GREAT ABUNDANCE1 & :I* W]E NOT ! SAME 9 EV]Y VILLAGE 7H]E IT WAS BREAD & W9E1 ELSE:]E VEGETABLES1 OIL OR FRUIT7 SOME =M ( ORD] WAS E/ABLI%$ FROM ! FIR/ DAYS :5 IT WAS FELT TO BE NECESS>Y1 JU/ AS IT WAS = ! PROSECUTION ( WORK & PRODUCTION4 ,= ! REVOLUTION WAS CONSID]$ RI<T FROM ! BEG9N+ A V]Y IMPORTANT CON/RUCTIVE UND]TAK+4 ,ESPECIALLY 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE1 !RE WAS NO REVOLUTION>Y ORGY4 ,! NE$ TO CONTROL & TO =ESEE EV5TS WAS UND]/OOD FROM ! FIR/ DAY4.<#c#i#d.> 

,EXP]I5CES V>I$ ) ! PRAXIS & CONDITIONS ( /RUGGLE4 ,9 ! VILLAGE ( ,NAVAL = EXAMPLE3 

,NO MONEY1 NOT EV5 LOCAL MONEY1 NO RATION+4 ,FREE CONSUMPTION FROM ! FIR/ DAY1 BUT SUP]VIS$ CONSUMPTION4 ,EV]YBODY C\LD CALL AT ! 0,ANTIFASCI/ ,COMITE0 :I* IS ADVIS$1 IF NECESS>Y1 BY ! LOCAL LIB]T>IAN GR\P4 ,A COOP]ATIVE = G5]AL DI/RIBUTION WAS IMPROVIS$ & IT PRODUC$ A BOOK ( C\PONS NUMB]$ #a TO #a1 9 :I* W]E M>K$ FROM DAY TO DAY ! COMMODITIES H&$ OV] ON DEM&1 & ! CONSUM]'S NAME4.<#c#i#e.> 

,! ACC\NT+ SY/EM WAS FUR!R SIMPLIFI$1 & NO EXCESS OR WA/EFUL CONSUMPTION WAS SE54 ,?IS WAS A SY/EM CREAT$ UND] W>TIME CONDITIONS BY PEOPLE :O W]E NOT TRA9$ ACC\NTANTS1 MANAG]S1 OR BUREAUCRATS4 ,NOR WAS DI/RIBUTION & PRODUCTION ISOLAT$ TO 9DEP5D5T T[NS2 !SE MONEYLESS COMMUNI/ EXP]IM5TS S\<T TO COORD9ATE & F$]ATE !IR ECONOMIES 9 ! COLLECTIVE 5DEAVOR ( FI<T+ FASCISM & BUILD+ LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM4 

,SO F> AS DI/RIBUTION WAS CONC]N$1 :ATEV] ! =M OR ME?OD ADOPT$1 ! ORGANIZ+ 9ITIATIVE WAS APPE>+ ALL ! TIME4 ,9 HUNDR$S ( VILLAGES1 LIBRETAS DE CONSUMO 7CONSUM] BOOKS7 9 DIFF]5T SIZES & COLORS W]E ISSU$4 ,RATION TABLES W]E APP5D$1 = ONE HAD TO RATION NOT ONLY 9 ! EV5T ( A R$UCTION 9 ! RES]VES & P]HAPS 9 PRODUCTION1 BUT BECAUSE IT WAS ALSO NECESS>Y TO S5D FOOD SUPPLIES TO ! FRONT & ! T[NS1 :I* ONLY TOO (T5 APPE>$ NOT TO APPRECIATE ! GRAVITY ( ! SITUATION4.<#c#i#f.> 

,! ,SPANI% COLLECTIVES 9 MANY CASES REORGANIZ$ PRODUCTION1 9CREAS$ \TPUT1 &--) WORK]S DIRECT+ !IR [N WORKPLACES--IMPROV$ UPON A BACKW>D & AIL+ ECONOMY4 ,RA!R ?AN *AOS REIGN+1 WORK]S DEMON/RAT$ ! P[] ( SELF-MANAGEM5T & ! POT5TIAL ( EV]YDAY PEOPLE TO TRANS=M AN ECONOMY = PR(IT 9TO AN ECONOMY = SOCIAL NE$ 9 RELATIVELY %ORT P]IODS ( TIME1 ALL :ILE UND] A BRUTAL =EIGN-SUPPORT$ W>4 

,ATTEMPTS TO BROAD5 ?IS COMMUNI/ ECONOMY W]E RE/RICT$ BY ! POLITICAL SITUATION4 ,! FAILURE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK+ CLASS TO DE/ROY 9/ITUTIONS ( P[] L$ TO A T5U\S SITUATION 9 :I* ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,C,N,T FALT]$ & ALL[$ ! /ATE & CAPITAL TO REORGANIZE & ! ,/AL9I/ COMMUNI/ P>TY TO SET AB\T DE/ROY+ ! GA9S ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,! VILLAGES ( ,>AGON S\<T TO EXP& !IR EXP]IM5T ACROSS ! REBEL T]RITORIES ON ! EVE ( ! C\NT]REVOLUTION AS ! ,/AL9I/ >MIES M>*$ ON ,B>CELONA1 ATTACK$ ! MILITIA SY/EM1 & EFFECTIVELY SOLIDIFI$ ! SUPPRESSION ( ! POPUL> REVOLT1 :I* HAD FAIL$ TO E/ABLI% ! HEGEMONY ( ! PEOPLE OV] ITS 5EMIES ON ! LEFT & ! RI<T E>LY ON4 ,LEVAL IS EXTREMELY LUCID H]E1 & LAYS \T ! F\NDATIONS & G5IUS ( ! LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ CONCEPTS ( PRAXIS1 & !ORY >IS+ FROM ! LESSONS ( /RUGGLE4 

,ONE CAN1 NEV]!LESS1 COME TO ! FOLL[+ CONCLUSIONS3 = ! PROBLEM ( DI/RIBUTION1 :I* FROM C]TA9 PO9TS ( VIEW WAS GREAT] ?AN ?AT ( PRODUCTION ITSELF1 ! ,COLLECTIVES DEMON/RAT$ AN 9NOVATORY SPIRIT :I* BY ! MULTIPLICITY ( ITS FACETS & ITS PRACTICAL COMMONS5SE1 COMPELS \R ADMIRATION4 ,! COLLECTIVE G5IUS ( ! RANK & FILE MILITANTS SUCCE$$ 9 SOLV+ PROBLEMS :I* A C5TRALIZ$ GOV]NM5TAL ORGANIZATION W\LD HAVE NEI!R BE5 ABLE NOR KN[N H[ TO SOLVE4 ,IF ! PRAGMATIC ME?ODS TO :I* !Y HAD TO HAVE REC\RSE MAY APPE> TO BE 9SUFFICI5T1 & SOMETIMES UNS\ND 9 VIEW ( SOME CONTRADICTIONS :I* ONE OBS]VES H]E & !RE1 ! DEVELOPM5T T5D+ TO ELIM9ATE !SE CONTRADICTIONS WAS TAK+ PLACE RAPIDLY 79 EI<T MON?S1 OR LESS1 DEP5D+ ON ! CASES1 /RUCTURAL RESOLUTIONS HAD BE5 TAK57 & PROGRESS WAS BE+ RAPIDLY MADE T[>DS UNIFY+ & DECISIVE IMPROVEM5TS4 ,DUR+ ?AT TIME1 9 ! P>T ( ! C\NTRY :]E ! (FICIAL MONEY RUL$1 ! PESETA WAS CONT9UALLY BE+ DEVALU$ BECAUSE ( ! 9ABILITY ( ! GOV]NM5T TO HOLD D[N PRICES1 & SPECULATION WAS GETT+ UND] WAY & GR[+4.<#c#i#g.> 

,!SE LESSONS ( /RUGGLES %[ US SOME ( ! \TL9ES ( A LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ ECONOMY1 DEVELOP$ & RUN COLLECTIVELY BY ! EXPLOIT$ CLASSES CREAT+ A NEW WORLD ?R\< A REORGANIZATION ( SOCIAL RELATION%IPS & A TRANS=MATION ( ! ECONOMY4 ,H[ ?AT ECONOMY C\LD FUNCTION 9 A FLE%$ \T S5SE REQUIRES US TO MOVE FROM ! P>TIAL EXP]I5CES WE HAVE TO A !ORY ( COMMUNISM :I* GR[S \T ( !M4 

,A ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNI/ ,SOCIETY 

,!RE >E TWO BROAD SPH]ES )9 ! ECONOMY3 H[ ?+S >E PRODUC$ & H[ !Y >E DI/RIBUT$4 ,A NUMB] ( DIFF]5T ALT]NATIVES HAVE BE5 PROPOS$ ON H[ COMMUNI/ DI/RIBUTION W\LD FUNCTION4 ,G5]ALLY SPEAK+1 PEOPLE AGREE ON ! IDEA ( C\NCIL DEMOCRACY ORGANIZ$ FROM ! %OP TO ! 9DU/RY & F$]AT$ BY 9DU/RY REGIONALLY & HI<] UP GLOBALLY4 ,DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC C\NCILS >E DEMOCRATIC ORGANS )\T REPRES5TATION4 ,WORK]S & COMMUNITY MEMB]S DECIDE DIRECTLY 9 OP5 MEET+S H[ !Y WANT ?+S TO BE4 ,ABOVE ! MASS ASSEMBLIES1 COMMITTEES & C\NCILS ( DELEGATES COORD9ATE BETWE5 WORKPLACES & NEI<BORHOODS4 ,DELEGATES >E GIV5 M&ATES & >E EXPECT$ TO C>RY \T ! WILL ( ! ASSEMBLIES4 ,LIKEWISE1 DELEGATES >E IMM$IATELY RECALLABLE IF !Y OV]/EP !IR B\NDS1 & ! DECISIONS ( DELEGATES >E EI!R OP5 TO REF]5DUM OR DEP5D5T UPON APPROVAL ( ! ASSEMBLIES4 ,H[ EXACTLY ?IS FUNCTIONS1 ! M&ATES ( ! DELEGATES1 & SO ON1 >E QUE/IONS :I* ,I ?9K HAVE BO? POLITICAL & NOT M]ELY TE*NICAL CONT5T1 & >E BE/ *OS5 ?R\< PRACTICE4 

,NEI<BORHOOD C\NCILS F$]AT$ UPW>D SIMIL>LY W\LD PROVIDE ! MEANS = DECID+ :AT TO PRODUCE & H[ MU*1 ) WORK]S DECID+ H[ TO DO SO1 & COMMUNITIES =MULAT+ ! FAIRE/ & SAFE/ WAY TO PRODUCE & DEAL ) WA/E1 POLLUTION1 & SO ON4 ,9DU/RIES W\LD NOT M]ELY BE COLLECTIVIZ$ AS ! PRES5T ECONOMY CONTA9S WOR?LESS 9DU/RIES & PRODUCTS1 AS WELL AS PAT5TLY DE/RUCTIVE ONES SU* AS NUCLE> >MS4 ,?IS PROCESS W\LD LIKELY TAKE SOME TIME TO TRANS=M AN ECONOMY ORGANIZ$ = BOOM & BU/ BAS$ ON PRIVATE PR(IT TO AN ECONOMY S]V+ ! NE$S ( ! COMMUNITY ON A USAGE BASIS4 ,JOB CLASSES & ! WOR/ WORK W\LD NE$ TO BE REORGANIZ$ & %>$ EQUALLY4 ,!RE W\LD NE$ TO BE A BASE M9IMUM ( SOCIALLY NECESS>Y LABOR CONTRIBUT$ TO RECEIVE ! B5EFITS ( SOCIETY FROM ?OSE :O >E ABLE4.<#c#i#h.> 

,CONSID]+ DI/RIBUTION !N1 COMMUNI/ ECONOMIC PRACTICE & ?9K]S HAVE PROPOS$ A NUMB] ( /RATEGIES = ORGANIZ+ ! ALLOCATIONS ( ! WEAL? ( SOCIETY4 ,)9 ! COMMUNI/ ECONOMIC TRADITION !RE >E TWO MA9 FRAMEWORKS3 PLANN$ & :AT ,I CALL EM]G5T4 ,!SE >E LESS !ORIES ?AN !Y >E POLES )9 ! EXI/+ ?\<T4 

,PLANN$ COMMUNI/ ECONOMICS1 G5]ALLY SPEAK+1 HAS ADVOCAT$ = ! DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS ?R\< PLANN$ PRODUCTION DECID$ 9 MASS ASSEMBLIES F$]AT$ 9 C\NCILS4 ,ALL PEOPLE 9 AN >EA W\LD GET TOGE!R ON A REGUL> BASIS TO CONSID]1 BAS$ ON AN ANALYSIS ( ! AM\NT ( MAT]IALS & LABOR AVAILABLE1 :AT TO PRODUCE & H[ TO ALLOCATE ! PRODUCTS BAS$ ON ! NE$S 7RA!R ?AN WAGES7 ( 9DIVIDUALS & FAMILIES4 ,PRODUC+ !N 9 A COMMUNI/ SOCIETY W\LD RELY ON TWO FUNCTIONS3 MEASUR+ ! DESIRE ( PEOPLE = ?+S1 & PRODUC+ BO? 9 A COLLECTIVE & ACC\NTABLE MANN]4 

,GIV5 ! PRES5T LEVEL ( TE*NOLOGY1 IT W\LD BE V]Y SIMPLE TO MEASURE ! ACTUAL CONSUMPTION ( PEOPLE4 ,9 A COMMUNI/ SOCIETY1 WE C\LD READILY AUTOMATE ! RECORD+ ( /ATI/ICS BO? ( CONSUM]S & ( RES\RCES 9 PRODUCTION4 ,?IS C\LD PRODUCE REAL-TIME DATA ON H[ MU* ( :AT IS NE$$ & ANY PATT]NS ( CONSUMPTION1 & GIVE SOCIETY A MEANS = ANTICIPAT+ & ALLOCAT+ RES\RCES T[>D :AT PEOPLE WANT4 ,?IS W\LD PROVIDE A DEMOCRATIC WAY = ALLOCAT+ RES\RCES BETWE5 V>Y+ PRODUC]S4 ,AS ! ,U,K ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY ,/ATES3 

,= ! PURPOSE ( PLANN+ ! DEVELOPM5T ( PRODUCTION1 9=MATION C\LD BE BR\<T TOGE!R ?R\< ! WORK ( 9=MATION C5T]S1 :I* C\LD COLLATE ! APPROPRIATE /ATI/ICS4 ,SU* 9=MATION C5T]S C\LD EXI/ ON LOCAL1 REGIONAL & WORLD LEVELS4 ,ON ! SMALLE/ LOCAL SCALE1 9=MATION C5T]S C\LD MONITOR ! POSITION ( /OCKS & PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY TO MEET LOCAL NE$S4 ,BY COLLAT+ !SE /ATI/ICS1 REGIONAL 9=MATION C5T]S W\LD BE 9 A POSITION TO KN[ ! COMPLETE PICTURE ?R\<\T ! REGION4 ,?IS C\LD BE A*IEV$ BY ALSO MONITOR+ ! POSITION ( /OCKS1 PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY & NE$S AMONG REGIONAL PRODUCTION UNITS4 ,A WORLD 9=MATION C5T] C\LD COLLATE REGIONAL /ATI/ICS 9 A SIMIL> MANN]4 ,?IS W\LD BE A CONNECT$ BUT DEC5TRALIZ$ WORLD 9=MATION SY/EM PROVID+ ANY COMB9ATION ( 9=MATION ?AT PEOPLE REQUIR$4.<#c#i#i.> 

,?IS ISN'T TO SAY1 H[EV]1 ?AT WE %\LD M]ELY PRODUCE :ATEV] HAPP5S TO BE CONSUM$ AT ONE P>TICUL> MOM5T4 ,:ILE COMMUNISM W\LD DO AWAY ) ! >TIFICIALLY CREAT$ HYP]-CONSUMPTIVE NE$S ( CAPITALISM ?R\< ELIM9ATION ( PR(IT & WEAL? 9EQUITIES1 WE WANT TO BE ABLE TO BUILD AN ECONOMY & SOCIETY ?AT REFLECT \R DESIRE = A BETT] WORLD & NOT JU/ PASS+ FANCIES4 ,!RE MU/ !N BE A ME*ANISM = L9K+ !SE DECISIONS AB\T \R SOCIAL DIRECTION & \R ACTUAL PROCLIVITIES4 

,! USAGE S*$ULES PROVIDE ! DATA :I* CAN BE DEBAT$ 9 ! COMMUNAL C\NCILS ?AT !N W\LD DECIDE H[ TO ALLOCATE RES\RCES TO 9DU/RIES1 SAVE T[>D DEVELOPM5T = FUTURE PRODUCTION1 & 9VE/ 9 OP5+ UP NEW PRODUCTION OR FUR!R+ EXI/+ PRODUCTION4 ,PRESUMABLY WORK]S :O WANT TO CREATE NEW 9DU/RIES & PRODUCTS W\LD PRES5T !IR (F]S TO ! ASSEMBLIES = CONSID]ATION 9 ADJUDICAT+ BETWE5 US+ EXI/+ LABOR & MAT]IALS4 ,Y\ C\LD ?9K ( ?IS AS P>TIAL PLANN+ :]E9 RES\RCES >E COLLECTIVELY ALLOCAT$ ?R\< CONSID]+1 DEBAT+1 & CRAFT+ A PLAN BAS$ ON ! PRIORITIES ( ! COLLECTIVITY1 & !N BECOME DEBAT$ & *ANG$ ?R\< F$]ATIONS ( C\NCILS MOV+ UPW>D1 :ILE ! ACTUAL 9DU/RIES & PRODUCTS HAVE ! FLEXIBILITY TO ADAPT ) ACTUAL USAGE4 ,?IS IS ANALOG\S TO A =M ( POPUL> BUDGET+ :]E ! WEAL? ( ! COMMUNITY IS DIVID$ UP 9TO BLOCKS = 9DU/RIES ) E>M>K+ BAS$ ON POPUL> PROPOSALS & COORD9AT$ ?R\< F$]ATIONS ?AT W\LD %>E DATA1 REVISE PROPOSALS1 & S5D BACK ! BUDGET+ = REVIEW BY AFFECT$ COMMUNITIES4.<#d.> 

,PRODUCTION S*$ULES W\LD BE BAS$ ON ! COLLECTIVE PRIORITIES SET 9 DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC C\NCILS & F$]AT$ UPW>D4 ,?IS W\LD PROVIDE A MEANS = ANTICIPAT+ & COORD9AT+ V>I\S 9DU/RIES NOT BAS$ ON WAGES1 PRICES1 & CLASS 9EQUITY4 ,RA!R ?AN PRICE1 COMMUNAL PRIORITIES >E ! >BIT] ( :AT & H[ MU* IS PRODUC$4 ,9/EAD ( WAGES1 NE$ IS ! BASIS = CONSUMPTION4 ,DECISIONS AB\T SOCIETY'S PRODUCE W\LD BE CONSCI\S & COLLECTIVE1 RA!R ?AN ! 9DIVIDUALI/ PRODUCE-:ATEV]-SELLS-COME-:AT-MAY ( CAPITALISM4 ,?IS WAS P]HAPS ! POSITION ( ,KROPOTK9'S COMMUNI/ MUNICIPALITIES 9 ,CONQUE/ ( ,BREAD4 ,P>TICIPATORY ECONOMICS MAKES A PROPOSAL ) C\NCILS ( PLANN+ = AN 9TEGRAT$ GLOBAL ECONOMY1 :I* 9 !ORY C\LD BE MODIFI$ TO BE COMMUNI/IC4.<#d#a.> 

,ANO!R POSITION MI<T >GUE = AN ECONOMY ?AT IS EM]G5T & ADAPTIVE4.<#d#b.> ,?IS CONCEPT ( COMMUNI/ DI/RIBUTION RELIES ON 9TUITIONS & LESSONS FROM SEE+ SOCIETY AS AN 9T]DEP5D5T1 LIV+1 & COMPLEX1 ORGANISM-LIKE BODY4 ,! MOTIVATION = ?IS POSITION >ISES FROM TWO S\RCES4 ,FIR/ !RE IS A SUSPICION H]E AB\T \R ABILITY TO PLAN SUCCESSFULLY1 CONSCI\SLY1 & EXPLICITLY A FULL ECONOMY2 & SECONDLY !RE IS BO? SUPPORT = & HI/ORICAL ANTEC$5TS ( A DYNAMIC & EVOLV+ =M ( SELF-PLANN+ 9 A COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 ,DUR+ ! ,HUNG>IAN & ,SPANI% REVOLUTIONS1 PEOPLE W]E ABLE TO TAKE OV] ! ECONOMY & 9 SOME 9/ANCES 9 A V]Y RAPID P]IOD ( TIME CONV]T EXI/+ PRODUCTION = PRIVATE PR(IT 9TO A COLLECTIVIZ$ ECONOMY = COMMON USE4 ,?IS OCCURR$ 9ITIALLY \TSIDE ( ANY S+LE UNIFI$ PLANN+ APP>ATUS4 ,DI/RIBUTION EVOLV$ \T ( C\NTLESS ACTIONS ( 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS :I* CAME TO UNIFY & REORGANIZE TO MEET ! DEM&S PRES5T$ BY ! W>S & COMMUNITIES4 ,?IS ISN'T TO SAY !RE WASN'T ORGANIZATION1 BUT TO SAY !RE IS A DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ORGANIZATION ?AT IS /RUCTURALLY & HI/ORICALLY OP5 & HAS ! ABILITY TO PRODUCE EM]G5T & EVOLV+ /RUCTURE1 V]SUS EXT5SIVELY PLANN$ ORGANIZATION ?AT IS PR$ICTIVE & FAIRLY /ATIC4 ,!RE IS LITTLE EVID5CE TO PO9T TO PEOPLE LIV+ UND] SU* CONDITIONS GUID+ !IR ACTIVITIES BY ADH]+ TO SU* PROGRAMS4 ,WE CAN UND]/& ! ACTIVITY ( AN ECONOMY AS EM]G5T \T ( PROBLEM-SOLV+ AT C\NTLESS LEVELS1 & PRODUC+ /ABILITY ONCE EQUILIBRIUM CAN BE REA*$4 ,?IS IS A PROBLEM ?AT IS UN=TUNATELY HIDD5 FROM !SE DISCUSSIONS3 H[ TO OBTA9 EQUILIBRIUM 9 A REVOLUTION>Y CONTEXT IS 9 MANY WAYS A MORE SIGNIFICANT PROBLEM ?AN ?AT ( AB/RACT MODELS ( POT5TIAL FUTURES4 ,SURELY P>T ( ?IS TASK 9VOLVES PR9CIPLES & PRACTICE 7REVOLUTION>Y & LIB]T>IAN CONT5T7 BEYOND M]ELY ! =M ( A ROBU/ & ADAPTIVE ECONOMY4 

,!RE IS GOOD REASON TO QUE/ION \R ABILITY TO ANTICIPATE :AT WE WILL WANT 9 ! FUTURE4.<#d#c.> ,UND] CAPITALISM DESIRE IS CREAT$1 MODIFI$1 & EXPLOIT$4 ,) PR(IT ELIM9AT$1 NE$S W\LD BECOME COLLECTIVE & ORGANIC4 ,/ILL1 NE$S >E NOT FIX$ & PR$ICTABLE4 ,IF ANY?+1 HUMAN LIFE IS FILL$ ) FLUCTUATIONS & UNPR$ICTABLE %IFTS4 ,MOREOV] IT'S NOT CLE> ?AT \R CONSCI\S REFLECTIONS AB\T \R [N P]CEIV$ CONSUMPTION & DESIRES >E ACCURATE4 ,PEOPLE (T5 MIS*>ACT]IZE !MSELVES BAS$ ON H[ !Y LIKE TO SEE !MSELVES V]SUS H[ !Y ACT4 ,POLITICIZE ! SITUATION & G5]ALIZE IT OV] MILLIONS ( PEOPLE1 & !RE IS A SIGNIFICANT /RUCTURAL WEAKNESS 9 CREAT+ AN ECONOMY BAS$ ON SELF-REFLECTIVE PROJECTIONS4 ,CORNELIUS ,CA/ORIADIS RAIS$ SIMIL> OBJECTIONS :ILE 9 ,SOCIALISME AU ,B>B]IE DUR+ ! #a#i#fS & '#gS4.<#d#d.> ,CA/ORIADIS REJECTS /RICT PLANN+ ON A SIMIL> GR\ND4 

,! PLAN CAN'T PROPOSE1 AS AN ULTIMATE T>GET1 A COMPLETE LI/ ( CONSUM] GOODS OR SUGGE/ 9 :AT PROPORTIONS !Y %\LD BE PRODUC$4 ,SU* A PROPOSAL W\LD NOT BE DEMOCRATIC1 = TWO REASONS4 ,FIR/LY1 IT C\LD NEV] BE BAS$ ON 0FULL KN[L$GE ( ! RELEVANT FACTS10 NAMELY ON A FULL KN[L$GE ( EV]YBODY'S PREF]5CES4 ,SECONDLY1 IT W\LD BE TANTAM\NT TO A PO9TLESS TYRANNY ( ! MAJORITY OV] ! M9ORITY4 ,IF #d.0 ( ! POPULATION WI%ES TO CONSUME A C]TA9 >TICLE1 !RE IS NO REASON :Y !Y %\LD BE DEPRIV$ ( IT UND] PRETEXT ?AT ! O!R #f.0 PREF] SOME?+ ELSE4 ,NO PREF]5CE OR TA/E IS MORE LOGICAL ?AN ANY O!R4 ,MOREOV]1 CONSUM] WI%ES >E SELDOM 9COMPATIBLE ) ONE ANO!R4 ,MAJORITY VOTES 9 ?IS MATT] W\LD AM\NT TO RATION+1 AN ABSURD WAY ( SETTL+ ?IS K9D ( PROBLEM ANY:]E BUT 9 A BESIEG$ =TRESS4 ,PLANN+ DECISIONS WON'T !RE=E RELATE TO P>TICUL> ITEMS1 BUT TO ! G5]AL /&>D ( LIV+ 7! OV]ALL VOLUME ( CONSUMPTION74 ,!Y WILL NOT DELVE 9TO ! DETAIL$ COMPOSITION ( ?IS CONSUMPTION4.<#d#e.> 

,PRODUC+ !N 9 A COMMUNI/ SOCIETY W\LD RELY ON TWO FUNCTIONS3 MEASUR+ ! DESIRE ( PEOPLE = ?+S1 & PRODUC+ BO? 9 A COLLECTIVE & ACC\NTABLE MANN]4 ,P>TICIPATORY ECONOMICS PROPOSES TO MEASURE DESIRE = GOODS ?R\< PEOPLE'S CONSCI\S GUESS ( H[ MU* !Y WANT ?+S4 ,?IS PROPOSAL1 H[EV]1 W\LD RELY ON A DIALOGUE BETWE5 PEOPLE'S ACTUAL USAGE ( EXI/+ GOODS1 & COLLECTIVE /RUCTURES ( DECISION MAK+ = DEVELOPM5T & DECID+ ! DIRECTION ( ! ECONOMY4 

,= SOME GOODS = :I* !RE >E ABSOLUTE & 9TRACTABLE SC>CITY1 WE W\LD NE$ TO F9D A FAIR SY/EM = DI/RIBUT+ BAS$ ON REAL NE$S4 ,?IS IS A REAL PRESS+ QUE/ION1 :I* AGA9 MANY ECONOMIC !ORI/S IGNORE BECAUSE !Y >E CREAT+ BLUEPR9TS NOT BAS$ 9 REAL PRAXIS TO ADDRESS H[ WE GET FROM \R PRES5T /ATE TO A REVOLUTION>Y & LAT] PO/-REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETY4 ,! TRANSITION FROM EXI/+ PRODUCTION TO SOCIAL PRODUCTION WILL NECESS>ILY CREATE %ORTAGES 9 ! %ORT RUN4 ,9 ! LONG RUN1 ! USE ( \R COLLECTIVE KN[L$GE1 ME*ANIZATION ( ! WOR/ WORK1 & ! ELIM9ATION ( USELESS PRODUCTION :I* CONSUMES SU* A MASSIVE PORTION ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY 7F9ANCE1 MILIT>Y1 PRISONS1 FRIVOLITIES ( ! WEAL?Y1 & SO ON7 WILL GIVE US A B\NTY ?AT CAN MORE ?AN PROVIDE = ! WORLD4 ,9DE$ WE ALREADY PRODUCE MORE ?AN 5\< FOOD TO FE$ ! :OLE WORLD1 BUT BURN MU* ( IT 9 EXCESS TO KEEP PRICES HI<4 ,MANY AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ ?9K]S PUT =W>D ! CONCEPT ( RATION+ = SU* GOODS4 ,!RE IS A TIME-HONOR$ PRACTICE 9 ?IS REG>D1 & IT IS ! DI/RIBUTION =M US$ 9 W> TIME OR ORGAN TRANSPLANTS1 = EXAMPLE4 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN WRITES3 

,:5 ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION ATTA9S ! /AGE :]E IT CAN PRODUCE SUFFICI5T = ALL1 !N IS ADOPT$ ! ,AN>*I/ PR9CIPLE ( 0TO EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS NE$S40 ,9 ! MORE 9DU/RIALLY DEVELOP$ & EFFICI5T C\NTRIES ?AT /AGE W\LD NATURALLY BE REA*$ SOON] ?AN 9 BACKW>D L&S4 ,BUT UNTIL IT IS REA*$1 ! SY/EM ( EQUAL %>+1 EQUAL DI/RIBUTION P] CAPITA1 IS IMP]ATIVE AS ! ONLY JU/ ME?OD4 ,IT GOES )\T SAY+1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT SPECIAL CONSID]ATION MU/ BE GIV5 TO ! SICK & ! OLD1 TO *ILDR51 & TO WOM5 DUR+ & AFT] PREGNANCY4.<#d#f.> 

,?IS IS ( C\RSE DIFF]5T FROM1 = EXAMPLE1 ! RATION+ 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 :]E ! BE/ & LION'S %>E W5T TO ! P>TY ELITE4 ,9DE$ ) ORGANS PRES5TLY1 !RE IS AN 9T]NATIONAL ORGANIZATION :I* ID5TIFIES ! NE$IE/ & MO/ QUALIFI$1 & RANKS !M4 ,ORGAN TRANSPLANTS OCCUR ON A COMMUNI/ BASIS 9 ?AT IT IS NE$ & AVAILABILITY ?AT DET]M9ES :O GETS ORGANS1 RA!R ?AN PRICE1 !IR WORK1 OR P]CEIV$ VALUE4 ,:ILE RATION+ IS TO BE AVOID$ AT ALL CO/S1 WE MU/ RECOGNIZE 9 TIMES ( H>D%IP IT MAY REPRES5T ! ONLY REAL EQUITABLE SOLUTION4 

,?AT SAID1 ,B]KMAN'S COMMUNI/ ALT]NATIVE ( OP5 USAGE ) SURPLUS FAILS TO ADDRESS H[ A SOCIETY C\LD PLAN & DELIB]ATE BETWE5 ISSUES :]E A DECISION MU/ BE MADE1 SU* AS ) POLLUTION OR CONFLICT+ USES = ! SAME MAT]IALS4 ,ANY DECON/RUCTION ( ! WORLD CAPITALI/ ECONOMY WILL FACE UP TO ! GROSS GLOBAL 9EQUITIES & REPRESS$ DEVELOPM5T ( L>GE SECTIONS ( ! WORLD4 ,WE NE$ A ME?OD = CONSCI\SLY & COLLECTIVELY DEVELOP+ ALL ( ! WORLD'S COMMUNITIES' CAPACITIES1 & ADDRESS+ UND]LY+ ECOLOGICAL DISA/]S PRES5TLY EXI/+ 7& UNSU/A9ABILITY 9 ! LONG T]M 5G5D]$ BY CAPITALISM'S SE>* = EXP&$ M>KETS & 9CREAS+ PR(ITS74 

,ONLY ?R\< COMMUNITY C\NCILS C\LD WE MAKE ?OSE DECISIONS4 ,! SOLUTION IS NOT A TE*NICAL ONE1 H[EV]4 ,WE CANNOT M]ELY 9V5T AN ECONOMIC S*EME = SETTL+1 SAY1 FI<TS OV] :]E POLLUTION WILL 5D UP4 ,! ME*ANISM ALREADY EXI/S 9 ! ABOVE DISCUSSION = BR++ TO ! TABLE V>I\S PROPOSALS1 BUT ) ! POLITICAL CONT5T = A COMMUNITY !RE CAN ONLY BE A POLITICAL PROCESS )9 ! COMMUNITY C\NCILS4 ,NO ASSIGNM5T ( VALUE1 >BITR>Y AS ?AT W\LD BE1 WILL SOLVE ?AT PO9T4 ,9/EAD COMMUNITIES WILL HAVE TO COME TOGE!R1 DEBATE1 COMPROMISE1 & CRAFT ! BE/ SOLUTION = ALL4 ,P[] & /RUGGLES CONC]N+ P[] CAN BE M$IAT$ BY /RUCTURES1 BUT /RUCTURES >E ONLY ! %ELL ( A SOLUTION4 ,!Y PROVIDE NO GU>ANTEES1 & ULTIMATELY SU* POLITICAL PROBLEMS REQUIRE A MAT]IAL1 SOCIAL1 & HI/ORICAL ANALYSIS ( ?AT SITUATION4 ,9EVITABLY WE REQUIRE MORE EXP]I5CES1 PRACTICE1 & EXP]IM5TATION TO ADDRESS IT BEYOND TRUISM1 VAGUE G5]ALITIES1 & EMPTY =MALISMS4 

,?AT SAID1 :ILE !RE IS NO GU>ANTEE ?AT IT WILL ALWAYS GO AS WE WI%1 UNLIKE 9 CAPITALISM !RE WILL BE A /RUCTURAL PRESSURE T[>D BE+ PR9CIPL$1 AS ANY COMMUNITY WILL BE 9 ! SAME POSITION ?R\<\T ! V>I\S PLANN+ 9ITIATIVES4 ,WE W\LDN'T WANT TO BURN O!RS :O W\LD BE 9 A POSITION TO BURN US 9 ! FUTURE4 ,UNLIKE N[1 !RE W\LD BE NO F9ANCIAL OR POLITICAL 9C5TIVE TO DO SO EI!R4 ,:5 REAL CONFLICTS DO >ISE1 & !Y WILL1 IT WILL BE A COMMUNITY /RUGGLE ?AT WILL ON OCCASIONS GO BEYOND \R MODELS & =MULAS4 

,A ,CRITIQUE ( ! ,WAGE ,SY/EM 

,DI/RIBUTION1 H[EV]1 DRAWS CLE> L9ES4 ,) DI/RIBUTION1 WE HAVE SE5 COMMUNI/ ECONOMICS TO BE DEF9$ BY AN ABS5CE ( A WAGE-SY/EM ( WORK1 DI/RIBUTION BAS$ ON HUMAN NE$S & MAT]IAL /ORES RA!R ?AN ON ! P]CEIV$ VALUE ( 9DIVIDUAL LABOR1 & ! REPLACEM5T ( ACCUMULAT$ CAPITAL ) PRODUCTION = HUMAN NE$4 ,COLLECTIVI/ ECONOMICS1 ( :I* P>TICIPATORY ECONOMICS %>ES ALL !SE FEATURES1 IS RA!R A SY/EM ( COMPELL+ PEOPLE TO WORK = V>I\S WAGE S*EMES4 ,COLLECTIVI/ DI/RIBUTION IS BAS$ ON ACCUMULAT$ 9COME E>N$ AS WAGES & DI/RIBUTION ( SU* 9COME GIV5 BAS$ ON ! P]CEIV$ VALUE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL'S WORK4 ,COLLECTIVI/S HAVE DEF9$ ! VALUE ( LABOR UND] SOCIALISM 9 A V>IETY ( WAYS3 AM\NT PRODUC$1 H\RS WORK$1 DIFFICULTY ( ! WORK & EF=T 9 WORK+ 7P>TICIPATORY ECONOMICS71 VALUE ( LABOR TO SOCIETY1 & SO ON4 

,COMMUNI/ ECONOMICS REJECTS A WAGE SY/EM 9 P>T DUE TO ! EXP]I5CES ( REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETIES4 ,IF !RE IS ONE ?+ WE CAN SEE 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y EXP]I5CES ( ,SPA91 ,RUSSIA1 ,*9A1 ,CUBA1 ,HUNG>Y1 ,G]MANY1 & SO ON1 IT IS ?AT GIV5 ! OPPORTUNITY1 CAPITALISM CAN EM]GE \T ( ITS 5EMY4 ,CLASS DIVISIONS & CLASS 9EQUITIES PROVIDE A LAUN*+ GR\ND = POT5TIAL RUL+ CLASSES4 ,:ILE A LESS] OPPORTUNITY ?AN ! PROPOSAL ( A 0PROLET>IAN0 /ATE1 WAGE SY/EMS PROVIDE ! GR\ND = ECONOMIC 9EQUITIES1 ! ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL1 & ! MAT]IAL /R5G? ?AT C\LD PREFIGURE A NEW RUL+ CLASS 9 ASC5DANCY4 ,?IS IS AN ESS5TIALLY NEGATIVE OBJECTION4 ,ON ! POSITIVE SIDE1 COMMUNI/ ECONOMICS PROVIDE ADDITIONAL ALT]NATIVES & POSSIBILITIES ?AT >E UNAVAILABLE 9 ECONOMIES ?AT RELY ON ! RET5TION ( 9EQUITY & WAGE LABOR4 ,BY ABOLI%+ ! DIVISIONS BO? 9 WORK & 9 COMP5SATION1 COMMUNISM GIVES BIR? TO FUNDAM5TALLY NEW SOCIAL RELATIONS BO? BETWE5 PEOPLE & 9 PRODUCTION4 ,A COMMUNI/ BASIS ( DI/RIBUTION PU%ES ! EM]G5CE & /RUCTUR+ ( SOCIAL PRODUCTION BAS$ ON ! REAL & LIV$ NE$S ( ! COMMUNITY ?AT B5EFITS FROM ! PRODUCTION4 ,BY RUPTUR+ ! L9K BETWE5 LABOR & CONSUMPTION1 COMMUNISM (F]S AN ALT]NATIVE ME?OD ( LIV+ & WORK+ BAS$ ON SOCIAL NE$ & HUMAN DESIRE4 

,MOREOV] IT IS WOR? QUE/ION+ ON :AT BASIS A FAIR WAGE W\LD BE MADE4 ,UND] CAPITALISM WAGES >5'T FAIR4 ,A WAGE IS BAS$ ON ! M>KET1 & ?AT'S IT4 ,BUT SOCIALI/ WAGES >E ALL BAS$ ON SOME P]CEPTION ( ! VALUE ( SOMEONE'S LABOR4 ,= P>TICIPATORY ECONOMICS ?IS IS A WAGE 0= ! EF=T OR SACRIFICE !Y EXP5D 9 CONTRIBUT+ TO ! SOCIAL PRODUCT40.<#d#g.> ,V>I\S COLLECTIVI/ WAGES W]E PROPOS$ BAS$ ON H[ MANY H\RS Y\ WORK1 H[ MU* Y\ PRODUCE1 ! VALUE ( Y\R CONTRIBUTION TO PRODUCTION1 & SO ON4 ,!RE IS A BASIC PROBLEM ) ALL ( !SE1 ?\<2 !Y >E >BITR>Y & 9EQUITABLE4 

,9 \R TIME1 PRODUCTION IS L>GELY SOCIAL4 ,! CONTRIBUTION ( AN 9DIVIDUAL IS V]Y DIFFICULT TO ISOLATE FROM ! CONTRIBUTIONS ( C\NTLESS O!RS ?AT MAKE ?AT WORK POSSIBLE4 ,SIMPLY PUT1 SOCIAL LABOR & CAPITAL >E SO 9T]TW9$ 9 PRES5T SOCIETY1 ! 9DIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTION 9 MO/ 9/ANCES IS NE>LY IMPOSSIBLE TO MEASURE AP>T FROM ! LABOR ( O!RS & ! SOCIAL CAPITAL ?AT ALL[$ ?AT 9DIVIDUAL TO PRODUCE4 ,CAPITALISM DOESN'T TRY2 IT JU/ PAYS :AT PEOPLE >E =C$ TO ACCEPT4 ,LOOK+ ONLY AT H\RS1 WE ALL KN[ ONE P]SON'S H\RLY LABOR MAY BE DIFF]5T FROM ANO!R2 YET !Y RECEIVE ! SAME WAGE4 ,! VALUE ( SOMEONE'S WORK !N TOO IS UNFAIR BECAUSE SOME PEOPLE >E NATURALLY H&ICAPP$1 & O!RS %\LDN'T BE ABLE TO GET RI* M]ELY BAS$ ON TAL5TS )\T EX]T+ !MSELVES MU*4 ,IF WE JUDGE BAS$ ON EF=T & SACRIFICE1 H[EV]1 SU* A SY/EM IS OP5 AGA9 TO >BITR>9ESS4 ,HAV+ C[ORK]S JUDGE EA* O!R'S WORK W\LD TURN ! GOSSIP & 9FI<T+ AT WORK PRES5TLY FROM AN ANNOYANCE 9TO A SY/EM ( P[] OV] WAGES4 ,VALUE IS NOT A NEUTRAL ?+ TO ASSIGN2 IT IS P[]-LAD5 & A TOOL ( CO]CION4 ,P>TICIPATORY ECONOMICS & COLLECTIVI/S WANT TO TAKE A REPRESSIVE-TOOL CAPITALISM ?AT MY/IFIES REAL SOCIAL LABOR ?AT EXI/S1 & TURN IT 9TO A TOOL ( JU/ICE :5 DISASSOCIAT$ FROM A PR(IT SY/EM4 

,! DIFFICULTY ASSIGN+ VALUE TO LABOR ILLU/RATES SOME?+ MORE FUNDAM5TAL2 WE DON'T WANT AN ECONOMY ?AT PRIORITIZES & REW>DS CO]C$ LABOR BAS$ ON P]CEIV$ VALUE4 ,BO? ! DANG] ( WEAL? 9EQUITIES & ! SOCIALLY DE/RUCTIVE PRESSURE CREAT$ BY VALUE ASSIGNM5TS PO9T TO ! MORE LIB]ATORY SOLUTION ( AN ECONOMY 9 :I* ! VALUE ( LABOR IS DE-L9K$ FROM CONSUMPTION4 ,?IS WAS TRADITIONALLY =MULAT$ AS 0FROM EA* ACCORD+ TO ABILITY1 TO EA* ACCORD+ TO NE$40.<#d#h.> 

,T[>D ,COMMUNISM 

,AS A MOVEM5T1 WE NE$ TO MOVE BEYOND A ROLE AS ! MORAL MEMORY & MODEL MAK] ( ! MASS /RUGGLES ( \R TIMES4 ,A LIB]T>IAN ALT]NATIVE NE$S TO 5GAGE 9 ! CON/RUCTION ( PRAXIS DIRECTLY \T ( ! MOVEM5TS WE >E IMM]S$ 91 ) \R !ORY EVOLV+ ALONGSIDE \R PRACTICE4 ,) ,M>X & ,KROPOTK91 IT IS CORRECT TO SEE ELEM5TS ( COMMUNISM ALREADY EXI/+ 9 PRES5T SOCIETY4 ,GILLES ,DAUVE CONTRIBUTES TO ?IS DYNAMIC & HI/ORICAL APPROA* TO COMMUNI/ ECONOMICS ) ! CONCEPT ( COMMUNIZATION3 

,COMMUNISM IS NOT A SET ( MEASURES TO BE PUT 9TO PRACTICE AFT] ! SEIZURE ( P[]4444,ALL PA/ MOVEM5TS W]E ABLE TO BR+ SOCIETY TO A /&/ILL & WAIT$ = SOME?+ TO COME \T ( ?IS UNIV]SAL /OPPAGE4 ,COMMUNIZATION1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 WILL CIRCULATE GOODS )\T MONEY444IT WILL T5D TO BREAK ALL SEP>ATIONS4.<#d#i.> 

,PRES5TLY EXI/+ COMMUNISM DOESN'T MEAN FUNCTIONALLY EXI/+ COMMUNISM4 ,\R TASK IS NOT TO SET UP ISL&S ( COMMUNISM 7:I* W\LD ALMO/ C]TA9LY REPRODUCE CAPITALI/ RELATIONS71 NOR TO TRY TO 9/ANTIATE COMMUNISM 9 PRES5T /RUGGLES4 ,CAPITALISM IS MADE UP ( RELATION%IPS BETWE5 PEOPLE1 NOT M]ELY ?+S & WEAL?4 ,! REAL QUE/ION ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( A COMMUNI/ ECONOMY IS AB\T ! DEVELOPM5T ( REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS ( ! WORK+ CLASS 9 MASS /RUGGLE1 & ! DEVELOPM5T ( COMMUNIZATION & ITS PRACTICES4 ,! DEFEAT ( CAPITALISM ISN'T A !ORY1 BUT A HI/ORICAL MOM5T 9 \R /RUGGLES1 & IT IS ONE ?AT REQUIRES WORK+ ?R\< ! SOCIAL RELATION%IPS1 ORGANIZATION1 & CONSCI\SNESS ( WORK]S 9 /RUGGLE4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #c#a1 #bba 3 ,APP5DIX #a -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #a#c1 #bba 3 ,APP5DIX #a -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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