,AN>*I/ ,ECONOMICS3 ,A ,HOLI/IC ,VIEW ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,ABBEY ,VOLCANO ,AU?OR 3 ,AN?ONY ,J4 ,NOCELLA ,I,I ,AU?OR 3 ,C>OL9E ,K4 ,KALTEFLEIT] ,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY ,TEXT 3 ,D]IC ,%ANNON1 ,AN?ONY ,J4 ,NOCELLA1 ,I,I1 ,JOHN ,ASIMAKOP\LOS.<#a.> ,9 AN ONL9E DISCUSSION TITL$ 0,AN>*I/ ,ECONOMICS0 ONE PO/] REC5TLY COMM5T$1 0,AN>*I/ ECONOMICS86 ,N[1 ?AT'S AN OXYMORON60 ,AFT] FUR!R DISCUSSION1 IT BECAME CLE> ?AT ?IS P]SON1 A LONG-TIME AN>*I/1 OP]AT$ UND] ! ASSUMPTION ?AT 0ECONOMICS0 IS CAPITALISM4 ,:ILE ?AT MAY BE TRUE = ! TYPICAL UNIV]SITY 0ECONOMICS0 CLASS1 !RE IS A LONG HI/ORY ( ECONOMIC ANALYZES1 MODELS1 & PRACTICES ?AT >E BAS$ ON ANTI-CAPITALI/ PR9CIPLES4 ,MEAN:ILE1 TO MANY :O >E NOT EV5 RADICALS1 CAPITALISM LOOKS LIKE IT IS ON ITS LA/ LEGS1 OR AT ! LEA/ LIKE AN UNDESIRABLE WAY TO ORGANIZE HUMANITY4.<#b.> ,HUNDR$S ( BILLIONS 767 ( PUBLIC DOLL>S HAVE BE5 SP5T TO HELP PRIVATE & 5ORM\S FAIL$ BUS9ESSES RECOV]4 ,& :ILE CORPORATIONS >E BAIL$ \T ( !IR PROBLEMS1 9 TYPICAL CAPITALI/ FA%ION1 WORK]S BE> ! BRUNT ( ! WORLD'S ECONOMIC TR\BLES 79 ADDITION TO BE+ DAILY DISEMP[]$1 TAX$1 !N HAV+ \R MONEY GET TURN$ OV] TO GR\PS & PEOPLE :O >E ALREADY P[]FUL & WEAL?Y74 ,WE HAVE SE5 0AU/]ITY0 = WORK]S 9 ! =M ( CUTS TO $UCATION1 SOCIAL PROVISIONS1 & MASSIVE LAY(FS :ILE ! WORLD'S WEAL?IE/ CONT9UE TO 5JOY HI<] & HI<] PR(IT M>G9S4.<#c.> ,SOME TOP ECONOMI/S HAVE EV5 SUGGE/$ ?AT ! CURR5T ECONOMIC TUMULT MAY BE WORSE ?AN ! ,GREAT ,DEPRESSION4.<#d.> ,HUNG] IS ON ! RISE1 PEOPLE >E LOS+ !IR HOMES1 JOBS >E DISAPPE>+--CAPITALISM IS1 YET AGA91 9 CRISIS4 ,9 ADDITION TO ?IS DEPRESSION1 WE SEE EVID5CE = POSSIBLE CATA/ROPHIC CONSEQU5CES IF WE CONT9UE TO DESPOIL & DAMAGE ! 5TIRE NONHUMAN WORLD & TREAT IT AS A M]E COLLECTION ( 0RES\RCES0 = HUMAN USE--ANO!R GR\P+ ( COMMODITIES = SALE UND] CAPITALISM4 ,V>I\S NON-CLASS OPPRESSIONS & RELATIONS ( DOM9ATION1 CONF9+ NOTIONS ( G5D] & SEXUALITY--& 0ID5TITY0 MORE G5]ALLY-->E /ILL /RONG ELEM5TS 9 ! WAYS ?AT WE ORGANIZE SOCIALLY1 EMB$D$ 9 \R 9/ITUTIONS1 9CLUD+ \R ECONOMY4 ,\R WAY ( LIFE1 9 MANY WAYS1 IS UNSU/A9ABLE4 ,IT IS )9 ?IS CONTEXT ?AT WE WI% TO PUT =W>D !SE CONTEMPOR>Y WRIT+S ON AN>*I/ ECONOMICS1 ) A S5SE ( ! HI/ORY ?AT UND]GIRDS !SE CRITIQUES ( ! /ATUS QUO & VISIONS ( RADICALLY DIFF]5T FUTURES & PRES5TS4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! UBIQUITY ( CONFLATIONS ( 0ECONOMICS0 ) CAPITALISM & M>KETS W>RANTS SOME WORK AT DEF9ITIONS4 ,LIKEWISE1 BECAUSE AN>*ISM IS A PREFIGURATIVE PRACTICE--A POLITICS ?AT SEEKS TO LAY ! F\NDATIONS ( A FUTURE SOCIETY 9 ! PRES5T--A DI/9CTLY AN>*I/ ECONOMICS1 WE >GUE1 WILL HAVE SOME UNIQUE FEATURES ( ITS [N4 ,AN>*ISM & ,ECONOMICS ,SO IF 0ECONOMICS0 IS NOT SYNONYM\S ) 0CAPITALISM0 OR 0M>KETS10 :AT IS IT8 ,:Y %\LD AN>*I/S BE CONC]N$ ) ECONOMICS8 ,M]RIAM-,WEB/]'S ,COLLEGIATE ,DICTION>Y DEF9ES ECONOMICS AS 0A SOCIAL SCI5CE CONC]N$ *IEFLY ) DESCRIPTION & ANALYSIS ( ! PRODUCTION1 DI/RIBUTION1 & CONSUMPTION ( GOODS & S]VICES40 ,G5]ALLY1 AS ACCEPT$ HI/ORICAL N>RATIVES GO1 ECONOMICS AS A SOCIAL SCI5CE BEGAN ) ,ADAM ,SMI? & HIS BOOK ,! ,WEAL? ( ,NATIONS1 & WAS FUR!R DEVELOP$ BY ! LIKES ( ,?OMAS ,MAL?US & ,JOHN ,/U>T ,MILL4 ,!SE FAM\S M5 ( CLASSICAL ECONOMICS >E P]HAPS BE/ KN[N = BE+ PROPON5TS ( PRIVATE [N]%IP ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & = !ORIZ+ ?AT M>KETS T5D T[>D /ABILIZATION 7BE/ EXEMPLIFI$ 9 ,SMI?'S FAM\S PHRASE 0! 9VISIBLE H&0--:I* C>RIES ) IT ! ASSUMPTION ?AT M>KETS >E ! MO/ EFFICI5T ME?OD = ! ALLOCATION ( RES\RCES74 ,& SO GOES ! N>RATIVE1 !N ALONG CAME ,K>L ,M>X TO *ALL5GE ! ASSUMPTIONS ( POLITICAL ECONOMY & CRITIQUE CAPITALI/ PROP]TY RELATIONS1 !ORIES ( VALUE1 & M>KETS4 ,& N[ ! SCI5CE IS G5]ALLY DIVID$ BETWE5 DIFF]5T CAPITALI/ ANALYZES & MODELS & ,M>XIAN MODELS & ANALYZES4 ,!RE >E A C\PLE ( PROBLEMS ) ?IS HI/ORICAL N>RATIVE4 ,FIR/1 LIKE MO/ HI/ORICAL N>RATIVES ( ! V>I\S SOCIAL SCI5CES1 IT LOCATES ! 0BEG9N+0 ( ECONOMICS 9 PO/-,5LILI] CONTRIBUTIONS FROM PEOPLE ( DIFF]5T TIME P]IODS & LOCATIONS1 SU* AS ! ,9DIAN TEA*] ,*ANAKYA1 OR ! FAM\S ,NOR? ,AFRICAN =]UNN] ( SOCIOLOGY ,IBN ,KHALDUN4 ,SECONDLY1 IT EFFECTIVELY R$UCES P]SPECTIVES CRITICAL ( CAPITALISM TO ,M>XISM1 SUGGE/+ A LIMIT$ FRAMEWORK = ANTI-CAPITALI/ P]SPECTIVES4 ,?IS MIG] RELATIONS ( P[] 9 SOCIETY1 AS !SE HI/ORIES T5D TO BE WRITT5 BY ,WE/]N S*OL>S & ,M>XISM 7OR1 P]HAPS MORE ACCURATELY /AT$1 0,M>XISM0 AS IT WAS 9T]PRET$ & PRACTIC$ BY ,L59 & HIS DESC5DANTS7 WAS ! IDEOLOGY ?AT WON \T 9 ! ANTI-CAPITALI/ REVOLUTIONS ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY 9 ,RUSSIA & ,*9A4 ,?IS COMMON N>RATIVE1 !N1 EFFECTIVELY ]ASES AN>*I/ CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECONOMIC ?\*ISM & ECONOMICS AS SU*4 ,AN>*ISM1 AFT] ALL1 IS NOT LIMIT$ TO ITS CRITIQUE ( CAPITALISM & PUTS =W>D AN UND]/&+ 0?AT ! W> AGA9/ CAPITALISM MU/ BE AT ! SAME TIME A W> AGA9/ ALL 9/ITUTIONS ( POLITICAL P[]10 RECOGNIZ+ ?AT 0EXPLOITATION HAS ALWAYS GONE H& 9 H& ) POLITICAL & SOCIAL OPPRESSION40.<#e.> ,= AN>*I/S1 !N1 0ECONOMICS0 AB/RACT$ FROM ! RE/ ( SOCIAL LIFE PRES5TS A PROBLEM 9 T]MS ( ANALYSIS4 ,9DE$1 ECONOMIC LIFE 9T]SECTS ) ALL O!R ASPECTS ( SOCIAL LIFE1 9CLUD+ O!R =MS ( SOCIAL DOM9ATION--SO )9 !SE PAGES ! READ] WILL (T5 SEE V>I\S AU?ORS ATTEMPT+ TO LAY B>E ?OSE CONNECTIONS1 MOV+ 0ECONOMICS0 BEYOND M]E PRODUCTION1 DI/RIBUTION1 & CONSUMPTION4 ,!RE IS ALSO A PROBLEM ) ! K9D ( SPECIALIZATION ( KN[L$GE ?AT WORDS LIKE 0SCI5CE0 T5D TO COMMUNICATE4 ,TYPICALLY1 SCI5CE EVOKES SPECIALI/S & EXP]TS1 MIRROR+ ! HI]>*ICAL & COMPETITIVE PRODUCTION ( KN[L$GE UND] CAPITALISM 9 ! ACADEMY4 ,! RE/ ( SOCIETY IS ASSUM$ TO BE LOOK+ TO !SE 0EXP]TS0 = !IR ANALYZES & = ! BE/ WAY =W>D4 ,BUT AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS /RESS$ ?AT PEOPLE CAN RUN \R [N AFFAIRS )\T ! NE$ = EXP]TS OR BUREAUCRATS4 ,! MAJORITY ( ?OSE AN>*I/S :O HAVE CONTRIBUT$ TO ECONOMICS HAVE NOT1 9 FACT1 BE5 ACADEMIC WORK]S & HAVE >GU$ = ECONOMIC >RANGEM5TS ?AT DISP5SE ) ! NE$ = EXP]TS TO DIRECT ! RE/ ( US4 ,FUR!R1 BEYOND ! ASSUMPTIONS ( ECONOMICS AS A SOCIAL SCI5CE1 ! VIEW ( WORK & PRODUCTION TI$ TO WORKPLACES AS A SEP>ATE SPH]E ( LIFE & AN ECONOMY AS A M$IUM ( EX*ANGE IS ANA!MA TO SOME S*OOLS ( AN>*I/ ?\*I/S EXPLICITLY CALL = AN 5D TO ! ECONOMY1.<#f.> ! ABOLITION ( WORK1 .<#g.> & FREE CONSUMPTION ?AT W\LD PRECLUDE EX*ANGE VALUE & ! RELATIONS ?AT >ISE FROM IT4 ,IF WE DEF9E 0ECONOMIES0 OR 0ECONOMICS0 ?IS WAY--TO 9CLUDE ! ASSUMPTION ( EX*ANGE RELATIONS & ACCESS TO ! SOCIAL PRODUCT BE+ TI$ TO WORK--IT C\LD BE SUGGE/$ ?AT SOME /RA9S ( AN>*ISM >E ADVANC+ SOME?+ ALTOGE!R DIFF]5T FROM 0ECONOMICS40 ,NONE!LESS1 AN>*I/S HAVE CONTRIBUT$ TO ECONOMIC ?\RATIVE TO CAPITALISM & ITS ,M>XIAN OPPON5TS--& WE DO AIM TO REM$Y ?IS DESPITE SOME ( !SE T5SIONS4 ,9DE$1 AS ! LIB]T>IAN W+ ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T1 AN>*ISM PLAY$ A KEY ROLE 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ECONOMIC ANALYZES1 PRACTICES1 & VISIONS ( A FUTURE SOCIETY ?AT W]E ANTI-CAPITALI/ & NON-,M>XI/4 ,PR\DHON'S CONTRIBUTIONS 9 ?IS REG>D >E P>TICUL>LY SALI5T1 AS HE WAS A CONTEMPOR>Y ( ,M>X AS WELL AS AN 9FLU5CE ON HIS ?9K+ 7& ANTICIPAT$ MANY ,M>XI/ >GUM5TS BE=E !Y W]E O/5SIBLY 09V5T$0 BY ,M>X74.<#h.> ,PR\DHON ALSO ADVOCAT$ AN ANTI-CAPITALI/ AN>*I/ VISION CALL$ MUTUALISM1 A M>KET =M ( SOCIALISM1 BO? AS A /RATEGY \T ( CAPITALISM & A BROAD SKET* ( :AT A PO/-CAPITALI/ SOCIETY MIX'S BITT] OPPON5T 9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 CONTRIBUT$ GREATLY TO SOCIALI/ CRITICISMS & ANALYZES ( CAPITALISM4 .<#i.> ,!SE =AYS 9TO ECONOMICS W]E NOT LIMIT$ TO ?IS TIME P]IOD1 BUT CONT9U$ ?R\< ,KROPOTK9.<#a.> BE=E ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 ,SANTILLAN.<#a#a.> AFT] ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>1 & SO ON 9TO ! CONTEMPOR>Y P]IOD4 ,& WE WI% TO /RESS ?AT !SE PR9CIPLES1 ANALYZES1 & =AYS 9TO VISION W]E NOT LIMIT$ TO 0GREAT M5 ( HI/ORY10 BUT REPRES5T$ COLLECTIVE !ORIZ+ BY A LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ MILIEU--! ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN & ANTI-/ATE W+ ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,?US1 COMP>+ AN>*ISM TO 0,M>XISM0 IS A BIT ( A MISNOM]1 AS 0,M>XISM0 R$UCES MANY DIFF]5T IDEAS1 COLLECTIVELY PRODUC$1 TO ! LEAD]%IP ( A S+LE 0GREAT MAN ( HI/ORY0--,K>L ,M>X4 ,AS A RESULT ( ?IS HI/ORY1 AN>*ISM HAS AN 9T]E/+ 7& SOMETIMES T5SE7 RELATION%IP ) ,M>XISM1 & ?AT IS REFLECT$ 9 ! CONT5TS ( ?IS BOOK4 ,SOME AN>*I/S REJECT ANY ASSOCIATION ) ,M>XISM & !RE HAS C]TA9LY BE5 PL5TY ( 9K SPILL$ 9 MUTUAL D5UNCIATIONS 79 SOME HI/ORICAL MOM5TS1 IT HAS ALSO L$ TO SPILL$ BLOOD--P>TICUL>LY ( AN>*I/S AT ! H&S ( AU?ORIT>IANS :O ID5TIFI$ ) ,M>X'S WORK74 ,/ILL O!RS HAVE >GU$ = A HI/ORICAL CONT9UITY )9 AN>*ISM & ! ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN1 ANTI-/ATE V>IANTS ( ,M>XISM CON/ITUT+ A LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM--OR1 9 SOME CONTEXTS1 A LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM4 ,H[EV]1 :ILE SOME HAVE SUGGE/$ ?AT 5GAGEM5TS BETWE5 ! TRADITIONS C\LD BE FRUITFUL1.<#a#b.> ?IS HAS DEF9ITELY NOT BE5 DONE )\T AN>*I/ CRITICS4 .<#a#c.> ,YET ONE CAN SEE V>I\S AU?ORS 9 ?IS COLLECTION1 & MANY PLACES \TSIDE ( IT1 US+ !SE T]MS--0LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM0 OR COMMUNISM--TO DESCRIBE !IR POSITION1 (T5 AS A NOD TO ! SIMIL> TRAJECTORIES BETWE5 AN>*ISM & SOME V>IANTS ( ,M>XIAN ?\ ,! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 AN>*I/ & ,M>XI/ ?\TIALLY7 EXPLA9 A LACK ( AN>*ISM )9 ! FIELD ( ECONOMICS4 ,M>XISM1 AFT] ALL1 T5DS TO BE C5TRALLY FOCUS$ ON ECONOMICS--CONSID]+ ! ECONOMY ! 0BASE0 ( A SOCIETY1 GIV+ RISE UPON ?OSE ECONOMIC F\NDATIONS TO O!R SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,M>X /AT$ IT ?USLY3 ,9 ! SOCIAL PRODUCTION ( !IR EXI/5CE1 M5 . 9EVITABLY 5T] 9TO DEF9ITE RELATIONS1 :I* >E 9DEP5D5T ( !IR WILL1 NAMELY . RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION APPROPRIATE TO A GIV5 /AGE 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( !IR MAT]IAL =CES ( PRODUCTION4 ,! TOTALITY ( !SE RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION CON/ITUTES ! ECONOMIC /RUCTURE ( SOCIETY1 ! REAL F\NDATION1 ON :I* >ISES A LEGAL & POLITICAL SUP]/RUCTURE1 & TO :I* CORRESPOND DEF9ITE =MS ( CONSCI\SNESS4 ,! MODE ( PRODUCTION ( MAT]IAL LIFE CONDITIONS ! G5]AL PROCESS ( SOCIAL1 POLITICAL1 & 9TELLECTUAL LIFE4.<#a#e.> ,AN>*ISM1 ON ! O!R H&1 IS A CRITIQUE ( DOM9ATION ?AT TYPICALLY IS NOT R$UCIBLE TO ECONOMICS--OR EV5 ECONOMICS & POLITICAL LIFE4 ,RA!R1 :5 AN>*I/S !ORIZE AB\T O!R RELATIONS ( RUL+ 7SU* AS PATRI>*Y1 RACISM1 HET]ONORMATIVITY1 & SO ON71 !Y >E USUALLY NOT 0SUBSUM$ UND] AN ANALYSIS ?AT IS LIMIT$ TO A CRITIQUE ( ! /ATE-CAPITALI/ APP>ATUS10 BUT RA!R >E SE5 AS 0SOCIAL DYNAMICS :I* >E G5]AT$1 REPRODUC$ & 5ACT$ )9 & \TSIDE ?IS APP>ATUS40.<#a#f.> ,AN>*I/S T5D TO SEE =MS ( DOM9ATION PRES5T+ !MSELVES 9 SOCIETY )\T ! NE$ TO ROOT !M 9 ! ECONOMY4 ,AL?\< SOME AN>*I/S W\LD SUGGE/ ?AT CLASS IS PRIM>Y1.<#a#g.> MO/ AVOID ! RANK+ IMPLI$ 9 SU* /ATEM5TS & ! ,M>XI/ !ORY ( AN ECONOMIC BASE S]V+ AS ! F\NDATION = ! RE/ ( EXI/+ SOCIAL RELATIONS4.<#a#h.> ,H[EV]1 AS ANTI-CAPITALI/S1 AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS BE5 CONC]N$ ) ECONOMICS4 ,WE P>TICIPAT$ 7& CONT9UE TO P>TICIPATE7 9 REVOLUTIONS & 9SURRECTIONS DIRECT$ AGA9/ CAPITALISM & CLASS SOCIETY4 ,WE ATTEMPT TO EMBODY ANTI-CAPITALI/ VALUES 9 ! WAYS ?AT WE 5GAGE ) O!R PEOPLE & \R WORLD MORE G5]ALLY4 ,S9CE AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS BE5 PREOCCUPI$ ) ! PROBLEM ( CAPITALISM & H[ WE MIY TO />T1 9 AN AN>*I/ ECONOMICS1 ) ?AT :I* WE OPPOSE 9 ECONOMICS--CAPITALISM4 ,CAPITALISM & ! ,AN>*I/ ,CRITIQUE ,AN>*ISM IS A DIV]SE SET ( ANTI-CAPITALI/ IDEAS & ?IS DIV]SITY IS REFLECT$ 9 ! WAYS ?AT V>I\S AN>*I/S DESCRIBE & CRITIQUE CAPITALISM4 ,WE WILL1 NO D\BT1 MISS SOME ?+S 9 ?IS %ORT 9TRODUCTION1 BUT WE DO ?9K ?AT WE CAN MAKE SOME BROAD G5]ALIZATIONS ?AT >E USEFUL 9 SITUAT+ ! CONT5TS ( SU* A VOLUME4 ,BUT FIR/1 IF WE MAY1 WE W\LD LIKE TO (F] TWO G5]AL CAVEATS4 ,FIR/1 !ORY CAN ONLY GO SO F> 9 DESCRIB+ EXI/+ 9/ITUTIONAL >RANGEM5TS &1 IMPORTANTLY1 ! WAYS ?AT !Y MAT]IALIZE 9 DAILY LIFE4 ,CAPITALISM IS A RESILI5T SY/EM1 (T5TIMES *ANG+ FEATURES 9 REACTION TO CLASS /RUGGLE AS WELL AS ITS [N 9T]NAL LIMITATIONS4 ,AS OPPON5TS ( CAPITALISM1 !N1 AN>*I/S HAVE BE5 CONC]N$ NOT JU/ ) DESCRIB+ CAPITALISM AS IT IS1 BUT ALSO CAPITALISM AS IT MAY BE4 ,?AT IS1 IF WE WANT TO MOVE BEYOND CAPITALISM TO SOME?+ ALTOGE!R DIFF]5T1 !N WE NE$ TO UND]/& H[ CAPITALISM CAN RECUP]ATE /RUGGLES ?AT SEEM AT FIR/ GLANCE TO DEVELOP 9 OPPOSITION TO IT4 ,?IS MEANS ATTEMPT+ TO ANALYZE H[ CAPITALISM HAS *ANG$1 & MI DEM&S & /ILL ALL[ = ! CONT9UATION ( CAPITAL ACCUMULATION DESPITE RESI/ANCE TO ! SY/EM4 ,SECONDLY1 IT IS A TRUISM ?AT SOCIAL LIFE IS COMPLEX4 ,WE CANNOT POSSIBLY HOPE = !ORY TO COMPLETELY DESCRIBE H[ A SY/EM OP]ATES ?AT 9VOLVES & AFFECTS BILLIONS ( PEOPLE4 ,& WE C]TA9LY CANNOT HAVE ?OSE K9DS ( HOPES = A S+LE SECTION 9 ! 9TRODUCTION ( A SMALL $IT$ COLLECTION4 ,NONE!LESS1 WE MI*I/S OPPOSE IT4 ,WE C\LD BEG9 BY SIMPLY SAY+ ?AT CAPITALISM IS ! WAY ! WORLD IS CURR5TLY ORGANIZ$ 9 T]MS ( PRODUCTION1 DI/RIBUTION1 & CONSUMPTION4 ,BUT1 AGA91 ?AT W\LD NOT GET AT ! WAYS ?AT CAPITALISM WAS ORGANIZ$ HI/ORICALLY1 NOR W\LD IT ACC\NT = ! WAYS ?AT CAPITALISM MI SOCIOLOGY TEXTBOOK DEF9ES CAPITALISM AS 0A POLITICAL ECONOMY *>ACT]IZ$ BY AN >RANGEM5T ( PRODUCTION 9 :I* WORK]S COOP]ATE TO PRODUCE WEAL? ?AT IS !N PRIVATELY [N$ BY :OEV] HIR$ ! WORK]S40.<#a#i.> ,?AT IS C]TA9LY DESCRIPTIVE1 BUT MISSES \T ON SOME IMPORTANT NUANCES 7& FEATURES ?AT SEEM G5]ALIZABLE TO CAPITALI/ SOCIETY74 ,RA!R1 WE PROPOSE UND]/&+ CAPITALISM 9 T]MS ( SOME MAJOR DEF9+ FEATURES4 ,?IS ALL[S ONE TO ANALYZE CAPITALISM CONTEMPOR>ILY1 HI/ORICIZE ASPECTS ( ITS DEVELOPM5T1 & SPECULATE AB\T ITS FUTURE 7IF IT IS TO HAVE ONE AT ALL74 ,IT ALSO ALL[S = US TO SKET* AN EXPLANATION ( CAPITALISM ?AT ACC\NTS = DEBATES AMONG AN>*I/S4 ,!SE FEATURES >E NOT MEANT TO BE EXCLUSIVE TO CAPITALISM 79DE$1 SOME C\LD >GUABLY EXI/ 9 A DIFF]5T K9D ( SY/EM ( PRODUCTION & ALLOCATION7 NOR >E !Y 9T5D$ TO BE ET]NAL4 ,AS M5TION$ BE=E1 CAPITALISM IS A RESILI5T SY/EM & IS CAPABLE ( *ANG+ TO ACCOMMODATE ! PRESSURES ( CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,!SE DESCRIPTIVE FEATURES ALSO ALL[ = ILLU/RAT+ AN>*I/ CRITICISMS ( CAPITALISM4 ,) ?IS 9 M9D1 WE SUGGE/ UND]/&+ CAPITALISM 9 T]MS ( WAGE LABOR_/EXPLOITATION1 PRIVATE PROP]TY1 M>KETS1 CLASS SOCIETY1 & /ATES4 ,WAGE LABOR_/EXPLOITATION IS ONE ( ! BASIC CON/ITU5T P>TS ( CAPITALISM4 ,9 ORD] TO ACCESS ! SOCIAL PRODUCT1 WORK]S MU/ R5T !MSELVES \T = A WAGE4 ,! VALUE PRODUC$ UND] CAPITALISM BY WORK]S1 M9US :ATEV] WAGE ! CAPITALI/ PAYS1 IS !N APPROPRIAT$ BY ! CAPITALI/ 9 ! =M ( SURPLUS VALUE--?IS PROCESS IS EXPLOITATION4 ,SOME AN>*I/S REF] TO ?IS SET ( RELATION%IPS AS 0WAGE SLAV]Y0 TO PO9T \T A HI/ORICAL CONT9UITY BETWE5 [N+ ANO!R P]SON & :AT IS1 ESS5TIALLY1 R5T+ ANO!R P]SON4 ,BAKUN91 9 HIS FAM\S ANALYSIS ( CAPITALISM1 PUT IT ?USLY3 ,& ONCE ! CONTRACT HAS BE5 NEGOTIAT$1 ! S]FDOM ( ! WORK]S IS D\BLY 9CREAS$2 OR TO PUT IT BETT]1 BE=E ! CONTRACT HAS BE5 NEGOTIAT$1 GOAD$ BY HUNG]1 HE . IS ONLY POT5TIALLY A S]F2 AFT] IT IS NEGOTIAT$ HE BECOMES A S]F 9 FACT4 ,BECAUSE :AT M]*&ISE HAS HE SOLD TO HIS EMPLOY]8 ,IT IS HIS LABOR1 HIS P]SONAL S]VICES1 ! PRODUCTIVE =CES ( HIS BODY1 M9D1 & SPIRIT ?AT >E F\ND 9 HIM & >E 9SEP>ABLE FROM HIS P]SON--IT IS !RE=E HIMSELF4 ,FROM !N ON1 ! EMPLOY] WILL WAT* OV] HIM1 EI!R DIRECTLY OR BY MEANS ( OV]SE]S2 EV]YDAY DUR+ WORK+ H\RS & UND] CONTROLL$ CONDITIONS1 ! EMPLOY] WILL BE ! [N] ( HIS ACTIONS & MOVEM5TS4 ,:5 HE IS TOLD3 0,DO ?IS10 ! WORK] IS OBLIGAT$ TO DO IT2 OR HE IS TOLD3 0,GO !RE10 HE MU/ GO4 ,IS ?IS NOT :AT IS CALL$ A S]F8.<#b.> ,NOT ONLY DO AN>*I/S OPPOSE WAGE LABOR & EXPLOITATION ON ! GR\NDS ?AT !Y >E UNFAIR1 BUT !SE ?+S >E ALSO AGA9/ ! MAT]IAL 9T]E/S ( WORK+ PEOPLE & CREATE A SOCIAL RELATION ( DOM9ATION BETWE5 ! BOSS & ! WORK] 7:I* ,BAKUN9 SO ELOQU5TLY DESCRIBES ABOVE74 ,9DE$1 MANY AN>*I/S >GUE ?AT ! WAGE LABOR RELATION IS ! DEF9+ ASPECT ( CAPITALISM4 ,ONE CANNOT BE AN AN>*I/ 9 ANY COH]5T S5SE & ADVOCATE = WAGE RELATIONS & ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION4 ,?IS SOCIAL RELATION 7EXPLOITATION7 IS MADE POSSIBLE BY PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,TO BE CLE>1 AN>*I/S MAKE A DI/9CTION BETWE5 POSSESSIONS & PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,POSSESSIONS >E P]SONAL ITEMS BAS$ ON CURR5T OCCUPANCY OR USE 7I4E41 NO AN>*I/ ADVOCATES TAK+ Y\R HOME OR Y\R TOO?BRU%74 ,BUT PRIVATE PROP]TY ALL[S = EXPLOITATION ?R\< [N]%IP )\T USE4 ,JU/ AS CAPITALI/S EXPLOIT WORK]S ?R\< WAGE LABOR1 SO TOO DO CAPITALI/S EXPLOIT WORK]S ?R\< L&LORDISM1 CLAIM+ [N]%IP ( HOMES !Y DO NOT LIVE 9 & *>G+ PEOPLE = !IR OCCUPANCY4 ,LIKEWISE1 CAPITALI/S DO NOT USE ! MEANS ( PRODUC+ GOODS1 S]VICES1 & SO ON 9 \R SOCIETY--WORK]S DO4 ,YET 9 A SY/EM ( PRIVATE [N]%IP1 CAPITALI/S REAP ! B5EFITS ( ?+S ?AT >E SOCIALLY PRODUC$ BY ! RE/ ( US4 ,?IS IS :AT L$ ,PR\DHON TO ! N[-FAM\S /ATEM5T1 0,PROP]TY IS !FT60-->GU+ ?IS DECL>ATION WAS JU/ AS LOGICAL AS ! BELIEF ?AT SLAV]Y IS MURD]4.<#b#a.> ,?AT IS1 !IR PROP]TY IS ESS5TIALLY \R LOSS4 ,ANO!R ELEM5T ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY AS WE KN[ IT IS M>KET RELATIONS4 ,G5]ALLY1 & LIKELY BECAUSE 9 DOM9ANT N>RATIVES ,M>XIAN ECONOMICS >E JUXTAPOS$ ) CAPITALI/ MODELS1 WE >E TOLD ?AT = ALLOCATION WE HAVE A *OICE BETWE5 C5TRAL PLANN+ & M>KETS4 ,AN>*I/S1 H[EV]1 HAVE TYPICALLY CALL$ = SOME =M ( DEC5TRALIZ$ PLANN+4 ,TO FUR!R COMPLICATE MATT]S1 UND] CAPITALISM WE HAVE M>KET ALLOCATION1 BUT !RE >E SOME AN>*I/S :O HAVE SUGGE/$ ?AT WE MIKETS4.<#b#b.> ,?IS WAS ! !ORY PROPOS$ BY ,PR\DHON--A M>KET SOCIALISM 9 :I* SELF-MANAG$ WORK]-[N$ FIRMS W\LD COMPETE 9 A M>KET REGULAT$ BY AN 0AGRO-9DU/RIAL F$]ATION40 .<#b#c.> ,MO/ AN>*I/S1 H[EV]1 REJECT M>KET-ORI5T$ VISIONS1 ) SOME EV5 SUGGE/+ ?AT M>KETS !MSELVES >E P>T & P>CEL ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,J>A*1 = EXAMPLE1 PO9TS \T ?AT !RE HAS BE5 0A NE>LY TOTAL ABS5CE ( ,PR\DHON'S ECONOMIC IDEAS AMONG AN>*I/S = ! LA/ #ae YE>S40.<#b#d.> ,B[MAN1 9 HIS TREATM5T ( COMMUNISM1 REF]S TO ,PR\DHONIAN VISION>Y >GUM5TS AS A =M ( 0CAPITALISM )\T CAPITALI/S0 DUE TO ITS RET5TION ( SOME FUNDAM5TAL ASPECTS ( CAPITALISM4.<#b#e.> ,?IS COLLECTION G5]ALLY REFLECTS ?OSE TR5DS1 TREAT+ M>KETS 7H[EV] DE=M$ BY ! /ATE7 AS A CRUCIAL P>T ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,& :ILE MANY PIECES TAKE NOTE ( M>KET-ORI5T$ AN>*I/ VISIONS ( PO/-CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 MO/ >E CRITICAL ( ?OSE K9DS ( >GUM5TS4 ,AN>*I/S PO9T \T ?AT !SE ECONOMIC >RANGEM5TS LEAD TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( CLASS SOCIETY4 ,:ILE WE >E (T5 TOLD WE >E ALL EQUALS UND] ! LAW OR ?AT WE ALL HAVE EQUAL P[] ?R\< VOT+1 AN>*I/S PO9T \T ?AT !SE CLAIMS 7:I* S]VE TO JU/IFY & NATURALIZE CAPITALI/ SOCIETY7 >E ABSURD4 ,RA!R1 WE DO NOT LIVE 9 A SOCIETY ( EQUALS4 ,WE LIVE 9 A SOCIETY ( CLASSES--) DIFF]5T MAT]IAL 9T]E/S4 ,! RUL+ CLASS 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY HAS AN 9T]E/ 9 MA9TA9+ CAPITALISM :ILE ! RE/ ( US HAVE AN 9T]E/ 9 SMA%+ CAPITALISM & TAK+ :AT RI*I/ CLASS ANALYSIS BY DEF9+ !SE TWO CLASSES ?USLY3 ,WORK+ CLASS--?OSE :O HAVE TO WORK = A LIV+ BUT HAVE NO REAL CONTROL OV] ?AT WORK OR O!R MAJOR DECISIONS ?AT AFFECT !M1 I4E4 ORD]-TAK]S4 ,?IS CLASS ALSO 9CLUDES ! UNEMPLOY$1 P5SION]S1 ETC41 :O HAVE TO SURVIVE ON H&\TS FROM ! /ATE4 ,!Y HAVE LITTLE WEAL? & LITTLE 7(FICIAL7 P[]4 ,?IS CLASS 9CLUDES ! GR[+ S]VICE WORK] SECTOR1 MO/ 7IF NOT ! VA/ MAJORITY7 ( 0:ITE COLL>0 WORK]S AS WELL AS TRADITIONAL 0BLUE COLL>0 WORK]S4 ,MO/ SELF-EMPLOY$ PEOPLE W\LD BE 9CLUD$ 9 ?IS CLASS1 AS W\LD ! BULK ( PEASANTS & >TISANS 7:]E APPLICABLE74 ,9 A NUT%ELL1 ! PRODUC+ CLASSES & ?OSE :O EI!R W]E PRODUC]S OR WILL BE PRODUC]S .<$ITOR'S NOTE3 ?IS W\LD1 !N1 9CLUDE MO/ /UD5TS AS WELL AS ?OSE :O 5GAGE 9 REPRODUCTIVE LABOR1 SU* AS *ILD-RE>+1 H\SEKEEP+1 ETC4.>4 ,?IS GR\P MAKES UP ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION4 ,RUL+ ,CLASS--?OSE :O CONTROL 9VE/M5T DECISIONS1 DET]M9E HI< LEVEL POLICY1 SET ! AG5DA = CAPITAL & /ATE4 ,?IS IS ! ELITE AT ! TOP1 [N]S OR TOP MANAG]S ( L>GE COMPANIES1 MULT9ATIONALS & BANKS 7I4E4 ! CAPITALI/S71 [N]S ( L>GE AM\NTS ( L& 7I4E4 L&LORDS OR ! >I/OCRACY1 IF APPLICABLE71 TOP-LEVEL /ATE (FICIALS1 POLITICIANS1 & SO =?4 ,!Y HAVE REAL P[] )9 ! ECONOMY &_/OR /ATE1 & SO CONTROL SOCIETY4 ,9 A NUT%ELL1 ! [N]S ( P[] 7:E!R POLITICAL1 SOCIAL OR ECONOMIC7 OR ! MA/] CLASS4 ,?IS GR\P CONSI/S ( >\ND ! TOP #e-#a#e.0 ( ! POPULATION4.<#b#f.> ,IT %\LD BE NOT$1 H[EV]1 ?AT AN>*I/ CLASS ANALYSIS ALL[S = SOME DEGREE ( 0FUZZ9ESS40 ,?AT IS1 NOT EV]YONE FITS NEATLY 9TO !SE BROAD CATEGORIES 7?\<1 WE W\LD >GUE1 MO/ PEOPLE DO74 ,IT %\LD ALSO BE NOT$ ?AT SOME RADICALS1 AN>*I/S 9CLUD$1 >GUE = ! EXI/5CE ( A ?IRD CLASS4 ,SOME REF] TO ?IS AS 0! MIDDLE CLASS10 0! COORD9ATOR CLASS10 0! TE*NO-MANAG]IAL CLASS10 & SO ON4 ,?IS IS TYPICALLY US$ TO HI 9T]E/S AS WORK]S1 BUT BE+ PLAC$ ABOVE !M 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY DUE TO !IR SOCIAL P[]4 ,MO/ AN>*I/S1 H[EV]1 REJECT ?IS VIEW1 >GU+ = A TRADITIONAL TWO-CLASS ANALYSIS4 ,WE MI*I/ CLASS ANALYSIS ) SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYZES ( CLASS ?AT (T5 SPLIT SOCIETY 9TO A L[] 7OR 0UND]07 CLASS1 WORK+ CLASS1 L[] MIDDLE CLASS1 UPP] MIDDLE CLASS1 & UPP] CLASS4 ,AN>*I/S >GUE ?AT !RE MI*I/S PO9T \T ?AT ! SOCIAL RELATIONS 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY >E PROTECT$ & MA9TA9$ BY /ATES4 ,AS ,MALATE/A PO9T$ \T YE>S AGO1 WE >E TAUE 0! REPRES5TATIVE444( ! G5]AL 9T]E/3 IT IS ! EXPRESSION ( ! RIE 0MORAL4445D[$ ) C]TA9 ATTRIBUTES ( REASON1 JU/ICE40.<#b#g.> ,AN>*I/S PO9T \T ?AT ACTUALLY ! /ATE PROTECTS PROP]TY RELATIONS1 ALL[+ = ! EXI/5CE ( PRIVATE PROP]TY 7AGA91 )\T OCCUPANCY & USE74 ,)\T A POLICE =CE & PROP]TY LAWS TO ?REAT5 7& USE7 =CE = R5TS & WAGE LABOR1 :AT W\LD /OP US FROM JU/ TAK+ \R HOMES1 \R WORKPLACES1 & \R COMMUNITIES8 ,NOTE1 = EXAMPLE1 ! WAYS ! POLICE >E US$ TO ATTACK PEOPLE EV5 9 SO-CALL$ 0PUBLIC0 PLACES DUR+ ! EXI/5CE ( ! V>I\S 0,OCCUPY0 SITES4 ,SIMIL>LY1 :5 WAS ! LA/ TIME ! POLICE W]E US$ TO BREAK UP A /RIKE BY BEAT+ UP ! BOSS & C>T+ HIM (F TO JAIL8 ,YET !RE IS A HI/ORY ( ! POLICE REPRESSION ( LABOR--9DE$1 ( MANY 9DIVIDUALS OR GR\PS ATTEMPT+ TO TAKE BACK & DET]M9E !IR [N LIVES4 ,?IS IS ! ECONOMIC FUNCTION ( ! /ATE--TO PROTECT PRIVATE PROP]TY & ! ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL4 ,ALSO1 ?IS IS ONE REASON :Y AN>*I/S REJECT ! ,L59I/ SUGGE/ION ?AT WE SEIZE ! /ATE 7OR 9 SOME 9T]PRETATIONS1 SMA% ! EXI/+ /ATE & CREATE A NEW 0WORK]S' /ATE0--COMPLETE ) A VANGU>D P>TY TO RUN IT74 ,ITS V]Y EXI/5CE IMPLIES A CLASS$ SOCIETY4 ,AN>*I/S >GUE ?AT ! /ATE WILL NOT WI!R AWAY ( ITS [N ACCORD AFT] A TUMULTU\S P]IOD :ILE IT IS CONTROLL$ BY B5EVOL5T LEFTI/S4 ,RA!R1 WE MU/ RID \RSELVES ( ! /ATE1 NOT USE IT TO ATTEMPT TO FUR!R \R [N 5DS4 ,IT IS ONE REASON :Y AN>*I/S ADVOCATE = DIRECT ACTION 7RA!R ?AN ELECTORALISM OR P>TICIPATION 9 GOV]NANCE74 ,IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT ! /ATE S]VES MANY MORE PURPOSES BEYOND ITS ECONOMIC FUNCTIONS PROTECT+ CAPITAL & CAPITALI/S1 AL?\< IT W\LD REQUIRE A BOOK-L5G? WORK TO \TL9E !SE FUNCTIONS4 ,! /ATE ALSO DRAWS B\ND>IES >\ND ! PUBLIC & PRIVATE SPH]ES1 IT =CES ID5TITY CATEGORIES ON US FROM ABOVE1 & IT CONTROLS EV] MORE ASPECTS ( SOCIAL LIFE WELL BEYOND SIMPLE ECONOMIC RELATIONS 7?US ! NE$ = AN ANALYSIS ?AT RECOGNIZES =MS ( DOM9ATION RELAT$ TO1 BUT NOT R$UCIBLE TO1 CLASS1 CAPITALISM1 & ECONOMICS74 ,AN>*I/S MI*I/S HAVE 9 ! PA/ ADVANC$ ?OSE SORTS ( ANALYZES ( ! /ATE71 BUT = ! PURPOSES ( ATTEMPT+ TO AB/RACT 0ECONOMICS0 FROM O!R SPH]ES ( LIFE1 ! /ATE'S FUNCTION AS A PROTECTOR ( CAPITALISM & A RECUP]ATOR ( /RUGGLES 7P>TICUL>LY AS /RUGGLES GET OPPORTUNI/ICALLY *ANNEL$ 9TO ELECTORAL POLITICS7 IS P>TICUL>LY SALI5T4 ,BEYOND !SE 9/ITUTIONAL FEATURES1 O!R FEATURES ( MOD]N CAPITALISM EXI/ ?AT WE HAVE DECL9$ TO COMM5T ON4 ,WE WANT TO 5C\RAGE ! READ]1 H[EV]1 TO CONSID] ! ROLE ( CURR5CY & MONEY 9 CAPITALISM4 ,FUR!R1 IT IS QUE/IONABLE IF MOD]N CAPITALISM C\LD EXI/ )\T DEBT1 AS ,GRAEB] SKILLFULLY PO9TS \T 7& 9 ! PROCESS1 HE SMA%ES MANY MY?S ASSOCIAT$ ) CAPITALI/ ECONOMI/S74.<#b#h.> ,ONE ALSO MIIAN COMMUNI/S >GUE1 = EXAMPLE1 ?AT DE/ROY+ CAPITALISM MEANS LIKEWISE DISP5S+ ) ! VALUE =M74 ,H[EV]1 DUE TO SPATIAL CON/RA9TS1 WE LIMIT \R 9/ITUTIONAL ANALYSIS TO ! ABOVE FEATURES4 ,AN>*I/S ALSO PO9T \T 7! SOME:AT OBVI\S FACT7 ?AT P>T ( H[ CAPITALISM REPRODUCES ITSELF IS ?R\< ! P>TICIPATION ( PEOPLE 9 ?OSE SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,?AT IS1 AN>*I/S CAN (T5 BE F\ND ADVOCAT+ = MASS REFUSALS & ! )DRAWAL ( \R P>TICIPATION--SOMETIMES 9 ! =M ( G5]AL /RIKES2 SOMETIMES1 AS 9 ! CASE ( ! ILLEGALI/S1 9 ! =M ( DIRECT EXPROPRIATIONS--) ! SUPPORT & P>TICIPATION ( SOCIAL MOVEM5TS OR NOT2 SOMETIMES 9 ! =M ( OCCUPATIONS & ! TAK+ ( SPACE2 & /ILL O!R TIMES 9 ADVOCAT+ = CREAT+ ALT]NATIVES TO CAPITALI/ RELATIONS 9 ! H]E & N[2 & SO ON4 ,BUT ! ADVOCACY ( !SE K9DS ( PRACTICES DOES LEAD TO ! QUE/ION3 ,IF IT IS 9 \R 9T]E/S TO ABOLI% CAPITALISM1 :Y 7& H[7 IS CAPITALISM CONT9UALLY REPRODUC$ 9 \R SOCIAL LIVES & :Y DO WE NOT DE/ROY ?OSE SOCIAL RELATIONS & BEG9 WRIT+ A NEW FUTURE TODAY8 ,SOME ( ! POSSIBLE ANSW]S TO ?AT QUE/ION >E CONTA9$ )9 POPUL> UND]/&+S ( ECONOMICS 7:I* ALSO MI*I/S >E (T5 LOA! TO REF] TO \R ANALYZES AS 0ECONOMICS0 OR \R PROPOS$ ALT]NATIVES AS 0ECONOMIES074 ,CAPITALISM IS JU/IFI$ BY IDEOLOGICAL ASSUMPTIONS AB\T 0HUMAN NATURE10 :AT IS 0PRAGMATIC10 & JU/ H[ WOND]FUL & B5EVOL5T DEMOCRACY CAN BE4 ,GIV5 ?AT MASS M$IA >E L>GELY [N$ & OP]AT$ BY WEAL?Y CORPORATIONS1 \R POPUL> =MS ( 5T]TA9M5T >E MO/ (T5 COMMODITIES PRODUC$ UND] 7& BY7 CAPITAL1 \R COMPULSORY $UCATIONAL SY/EMS >E RUN BY ! /ATE1 & SO ON1 IT MI ?OSE K9DS ( IDEOLOGICAL ASSUMPTIONS >E & H[ 9FREQU5T CRITICAL ?\*I/S CAN ALSO (T5 BE 9CLUD$ 9 ?AT74 ,= EXAMPLE1 CAPITALISM IS (T5 JU/IFI$ BY A BELIEF ?AT IT IS 0HUMAN NATURE0 TO BE GRE$Y1 TO WANT TO ACCUMULATE WEAL? AT ! EXP5SE ( O!RS1 TO DESIRE P[] OV] O!R PEOPLE1 & ! LIKE4 ,YET ! VA/ MAJORITY ( HUMAN SOCIAL RELATIONS W]E SP5T 9 HUNT]-GA!R] SOCIETIES )\T ANY CONCEPT ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 9 COLLECTIVITIES ?AT BAS$ !IR LIVES ON P]SONAL POSSESSIONS & =MS ( COMMON1 SOCIAL RES\RCES 7NO?+ ?AT C\LD PROP]LY BE CALL$ PROP]TY74 ,GIV5 ?AT LONG HI/ORY1 H[ C\LD IT BE 0HUMAN NATURE0 TO WANT TO DOM9ATE1 TO [N1 TO COMPETE = RES\RCES8 ,DID WE COLLECTIVELY JU/ ACT AGA9/ \R NATURAL WIR+ = ! VA/ MAJORITY ( \R EXI/5CE8 ,! >GUM5T B>ELY MAKES ANY S5SE1 YET SU* IDEAS ( 0HUMAN NATURE0 >E COMMON AMONG PEOPLE ! WORLD OV]4 ,?IS IS P>T ( :AT PROMPT$ ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN TO DECL>E1 0,POOR HUMAN NATURE1 :AT HORRIBLE CRIMES HAVE BE5 COMMITT$ 9 ?Y NAME6 ,EV]Y FOOL1 FROM K+ TO POLICEMAN1 FROM ! FLA!AD$ P>SON TO ! VISIONLESS DABBL] 9 SCI5CE1 PRESUMES TO SPEAK AU?ORITATIVELY ( HUMAN NATURE4 ,! GREAT] ! M5TAL *>LATAN1 ! MORE DEF9ITE HIS . 9SI/5CE ON ! WICK$NESS & WEAKNESSES ( HUMAN NATURE4 ,YET1 H[ CAN ANYONE SPEAK ( IT TODAY1 ) EV]Y S\L 9 A PRISON1 ) EV]Y HE>T FETT]$1 W\ND$1 & MAIM$80.<#b#i.> ,H] L>G] PO9T WAS ?AT ?OSE ?+S ?AT WE REF] TO AS 0HUMAN NATURE0 >E LITTLE MORE ?AN \R PROJECTIONS ( \R DOM9ANT 9/ITUTIONS 9TO \R V]Y SELVES4 ,?US1 CAPITALISM IS NOT SOME NATURALLY OCCURR+ SY/EM4 ,IT IS A SY/EM ?AT IS CON/RUCT$ & ONE ?AT CAN BE DISP5S$ )4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ECONOMI/S (T5 OBJECT TO AN>*I/ ALT]NATIVES TO CAPITALISM AS UTOPIAN 79 ! PEJORATIVE S5SE ( ! T]M7 OR NOT BE+ PRAGMATIC4 ,!Y >GUE 9/EAD ?AT ALT]NATIVES TO CAPITALISM W\LD NEV] 0WORK0 7ANO!R WORD ?AT REQUIRES SOME UNPACK+1 :I* WE WILL =EGO 9 ?IS 9TRODUCTION74 ,FIR/1 ?IS IGNORES ! VA/ MAJORITY ( HUMAN SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 :I* PRESUMABLY 0WORK$0 7?AT IS1 WE >E /ILL H]E & PEOPLE SOMETIMES /RUGGL$ 9 ! PA/1 BUT O!R TIMES WE HAVE SURELY ?RIV$ )\T CAPITALISM74.<#c.> ,?IS ALSO IGNORES HUMAN EXP]I5CES & EXP]IM5TS \TSIDE ( CAPITALI/ RELATIONS ?AT EXI/ )9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY.<#c#a.> OR 9 REVOLUTION>Y SITUATIONS4.<#c#b.> ,BUT MORE EGREGI\SLY1 IT ASSUMES ?AT CAPITALISM1 EV5 BY ITS [N IDEOLOGICAL /&>DS1 IS A SY/EM ?AT 0WORKS40 ,GIV5 MASSIVE POV]TY1 PRIVATION1 & HUNG]2 ! R\T9E DE/RUCTION ( L&BASES & ! DESPOIL+ ( ! NATURAL 5VIRONM5T2 MASSIVE WORLDWIDE W>S2 P]IODIC CRISES SU* AS ! ONE WE >E EXP]I5C+ :ILE WE P5 ?IS 9TRODUCTION--9DE$1 GIV5 ?AT A T9Y ELITE [NS MASSIVE AM\NTS ( RES\RCES 7MULTIPLE HOMES1 DOZ5S ( LUXURY C>S1 S]VANTS & COT]IES1 & ! LIKE7 :ILE MO/ ( US /RUGGLE TO SURVIVE--CAN WE REALLY SAY ?IS IS A SY/EM ?AT 0WORKS08 ,BUT WE >E TOLD ?AT UND] DEMOCRACY *ECKS & BALANCES >E PRES5T 9 ! =M ( /ATE REGULATION ( ! ECONOMY ?AT CAN ADDRESS SOME ( ! FAILURES ( CAPITALISM4 ,?IS IS SOMETIMES :Y PEOPLE REF] TO ! /UDY ( CAPITALISM AS 0POLITICAL ECONOMY0--BECAUSE !RE IS NO IDEALIZ$ 0FREE M>KET0 ?AT EXI/S )\T /ATE 9T]F]5CE4 ,BUT EV5 A CURSORY LOOK AT REC5T HI/ORY %\LD DEMON/RATE H[ ABSURD !SE DEEPLY HELD BELIEFS AB\T DEMOCRACY >E4 ,P]HAPS ! BE/ EXAMPLES >E :5 LEFTI/ GOV]NM5TS >E VOT$ 9TO P[]4 ,9 MU* ( ,EUROPE WE HAVE A RA!R LONG HI/ORY ( SOCIALI/ P>TIES LEGISLAT+ REGULATORY ME*ANISMS 9TO ! ECONOMY 9 ORD] TO CREATE A K9D] & G5TL] CAPITALISM4 ,& WE CAN SEE ) ! CURR5T AU/]ITY JU/ H[ LA/+ ?OSE RE=MS & REGULATIONS >E 7:I* IS TO SAY1 NOT LA/+ AT ALL--! /ATE CAN DISMANTLE ANY RE=M OR REGULATION IT SETS 9 PLACE AT ANY MOM5T4 ,!RE=E1 WE ONLY KEEP :AT WE TAKE & DEF5D74 ,FUR!R1 AS AN>*I/S1 WE >GUE ?AT A G5TL] =M ( EXPLOITATION IS NOT 5\<4 ,WE WANT TO RUN \R LIVES & ACTIVELY CREATE & P>TICIPATE 9 \R SOCIAL RELATIONS )\T ! K9DS ( RE/RA9TS PLAC$ ON US BY HI]>*ICAL AU?ORITY & P[]--9 ! CONTEXT ( ! ECONOMY1 ID5TITY1 CULTURE1 \R CONCEPTUAL ORD]1 9DE$ ALL FACETS ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,P>T ( ! DANG] ( ?IS P>TICUL> IDEOLOGICAL UND]P9N+ ( CAPITALISM IS ! CREATION ( MILITANT LIB]AL ALT]NATIVES ?AT AIM = MU* LESS ?AN TOTAL SOCIAL TRANS=MATION4 ,MILITANT RE=MISM CAN S]VE AS A RECUP]ATIVE ME*ANISM TO RADICAL SOCIAL MO7VE7M5TS1 DEFANG+ POSSIBLE TRANS=MATIONS BY FUNCTION+ AS ! LEFTW+ ( CAPITAL4 ,?US ! 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ ,LEFT HI/ORICALLY 7& CONTEMPOR>ILY7 IS SOME?+ ?AT AN>*I/S %\LD BE W>Y ( IF WE WI% DIFF]5T WORLDS 9/EAD ( RE=M$ V]SIONS ( ! EXI/+ ORD]4 ,! PREC$+ 9/ITUTIONAL ANALYSIS ( CAPITALISM WAS 9T5D$ TO DESCRIBE ! EXI/+ SOCIETY1 AS WELL AS GIVE SOME 9SIE 9T5D$ TO DE/ABILIZE ! MY?OLOGIES SURR\ND+ ?OSE 9/ITUTIONAL >RANGEM5TS4 ,AN>*I/S HAVE1 H[EV]1 (F]$ POSSIBLE ALT]NATIVES TO CAPITALISM 9 V>Y+ DEGREES ( DETAIL4 ,!SE ALT]NATIVES T5D TO BE B\ND UP ) SPECIFIC /RATEGIC & !ORETICAL ASSUMPTIONS AS WELL4 ,NEXT WE WILL LOOK AT SOME ( !SE AN>*I/ PROPOSALS1 ALSO NOT+ AN>*I/S' FREQU5T RETIC5CE TO ADVANCE VISION>Y >GUM5TS 9 TOO MU* DETAIL4 ,AN>*I/ ,ECONOMICS ,AS WE SAID BE=E1 A DI/9CTLY AN>*I/ ECONOMICS IS GO+ TO HAVE SOME UNIQUE FEATURES ( ITS [N1 & WE HAVE ORGANIZ$ ?IS AN?OLOGY TO REFLECT ?AT4 ,FIR/LY1 AN>*ISM HAS SOME 9T]E/+ T5SIONS 9 T]MS ( PO/-CAPITALI/ VISION4 ,SECONDLY1 AS A L>GELY PREFIGURATIVE PRACTICE1 A P>T ( AN>*I/ ECONOMIC ANALYSIS MU/ 9CLUDE 9VE/IGATIONS 9TO CURR5T PRACTICES ?AT MI*IC ELEM5TS ?AT C\LD CONTA9 SE$S ( A FUTURE1 PO/-CAPITALI/ ECONOMY 7:ILE1 ( C\RSE1 ALSO NOT+ !IR LIMITATIONS74 ,IT ALSO MEANS ?AT WE NE$ WAYS TO EVALUATE ! RESI/ANCE /RATEGIES WE USE TO CREATE RUPTURES 9 CAPITALISM & TO RECOGNIZE ! SPACES 9 EV]YDAY LIFE 9 :I* CAPITALISM IS NOT PRES5T4 ,F9ALLY1 S9CE AN>*ISM IS A HOLI/IC MOVEM5T SEEK+ TO RECONFIGURE ! TOTALITY ( SOCIAL RELATIONS & NOT LIMIT$ TO ! ECONOMY1 \R ANALYZES ( CURR5T PRACTICES NE$ TO 9CLUDE 9VE/IGATIONS 9TO ! AFFECTIVE & EMBODI$ EXP]I5CE ( !SE PRACTICES4 ,WE BEG9 ) A LOOK AT ! DIFF]5T PROPOSALS ADVANC$ BY AN>*I/S = A FUTURE SOCIETY 7& ! PROCESSES US$ TO CREATE SU* A SOCIETY74 ,TO BEG9 DISCUSS+ ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! ?REE MA9 PO/-CAPITALI/ AN>*I/ !ORIES--MUTUALISM1 COLLECTIVISM1 & COMMUNISM--WE %\LD FIR/ TAKE NOTE ( A FEW ?+S4 ,FIR/1 AS M5TION$ ABOVE1 MO/ AN>*I/S REJECT MUTUALISM \TRIILY4 ,:ILE IT PLAY$ A HI/ORIC ROLE 9 LAY+ ! F\NDATIONS ( AN>*I/ ECONOMICS 7AS ,MC,KAY ELOQU5TLY LAYS \T 9 HIS *APT]71 IT HAS LITTLE IMPACT ON ! EXI/+ MILIEU BEYOND ?OSE F\NDATIONS 7AL?\< ONE WILL OCCASIONALLY F9D ADH]5TS TO ?IS M>KET PHILOSOPHY AT V>I\S BOOKFAIRS & AN>*I/ GA!R+S OR1 MORE (T51 ON OP5 AN>*I/ ,9T]NET =UMS--& !Y DO SEEM TO BE GA9+ /EAM AS MORE & MORE PEOPLE LOSE FAI? 9 CAPITALISM74 ,BEYOND ?AT1 MANY AN>*I/S >E SUSPICI\S ( VISION>Y >GUM5TS & BLUEPR9TS = ! FUTURE1 SEE+ AN>*ISM AS A CONSCI\S CREATION ( ! DISPOSSESS$ & NOT A FUTURE ?AT CAN BE WRITT5 )9 ! CONTEXT ( ! PRES5T4 ,AS ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN PUT IT3 ,AN>*ISM IS NOT1 AS SOME MAY SUPPOSE1 A !ORY ( ! FUTURE TO BE REALIZ$ ?R\< DIV9E 9SPIRATION4 ,IT IS A LIV+ =CE 9 ! AFFAIRS ( \R LIFE1 CON/ANTLY CREAT+ NEW CONDITIONS4 ,! ME?ODS ( ,AN>*ISM !RE=E DO NOT COMPRISE AN IRON-CLAD PROGRAM TO BE C>RI$ \T UND] ALL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,ME?ODS MU/ GR[ \T ( ! ECONOMIC NE$S ( EA* PLACE & CLIME1 & ( ! 9TELLECTUAL & TEMP]AM5TAL REQUIREM5TS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4.<#c#c.> ,FOLL[+ ?IS1 SOME AN>*I/S W\LD ES*EW LABELS & 0HYPH5ATIONS0 LIKE 0AN>*I/-COMMUNISM10 PREF]R+ TO REF] TO !IR PREF]5CE SIMPLY AS 0AN>*Y10 OR AT TIMES NOT REF] TO A PREF]5CE AT ALL4 ,!RE IS ALSO A /RONG TRADITION ( REVOLUTION>Y PLURALISM 9 AN>*ISM4 ,9 ! PA/1 SOME AN>*I/S W\LD ADVOCATE = AN 0AN>*ISM )\T ADJECTIVES10 P]HAPS MO/ FAM\SLY ADVANC$ BY ?9K]S SU* AS ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE1 TO 9DICATE A TOL]ANCE = MANY VISION>Y 7& /RATEGIC7 DIFF]5CES4 ,SIMIL>LY1 !RE HAVE BE5 7& >E7 AN>*I/S :O ADVOCATE = SPECIFIC PROPOSALS1 BUT SEE A NE$ = A DEEP HUMILITY & COMMITM5T TO PLURALISM 9 T]MS ( VISION4 ,ONE ( ! BE/ EXAMPLES ( ?IS CAN BE F\ND 9 ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 :O ADVOCAT$ = AN>*I/-COMMUNISM1 YET /AT$3 ,ONE MAY1 !RE=E1 PREF] COMMUNISM1 OR 9DIVIDUALISM1 OR COLLECTIVISM1 OR ANY O!R SY/EM1 & WORK BY EXAMPLE & PROPAG&A = ! A*IEVEM5T ( ONE'S P]SONAL PREF]5CES1 BUT ONE MU/ BEW>E1 AT ! RISK ( C]TA9 DISA/]1 ( SUPPOS+ ?AT ONE'S SY/EM IS ! ONLY1 & 9FALLIBLE1 ONE1 GOOD = ALL M5 .1 EV]Y:]E & = ALL TIMES1 & ?AT ITS SUCCESS MU/ BE ASSUR$ AT ALL CO/S1 BY MEANS O!R ?AN ?OSE :I* DEP5D ON P]SUASION1 :I* SPR+ FROM ! EVID5CE ( FACTS4.<#c#d.> ,UND\BT$LY1 ?IS IS ALSO REFLECTIVE ( AN>*I/ SUSPICION ( VISION>Y >GUM5TS & BLUEPR9TS = A FUTURE SOCIETY4 ,F9ALLY1 IT %\LD ALSO BE NOT$ ?AT ! BORD]S ?AT WE DRAW >\ND !SE DIFF]5T VISION>Y PROPOSALS >E PO9TS ( CONT5TION & DEBATE4 ,:AT WE CALL 0COLLECTIVISM0 H]E MI*I/-COMMUNISM BY O!RS4 ,/ILL O!RS >GUE = A M9IMALI/ DEF9ITION ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM ?AT W\LD 9CLUDE ?+S LIKE SOME =M ( REMUN]ATION = LABOR TIME1 ON]\SNESS ( TASKS1 & ! LIKE--:I* CONTEMPOR>Y AN>*I/-COMMUNI/S TYPICALLY REJECT 7BUT PA/ AN>*I/-COMMUNI/S HAVE1 AT TIMES1 ADVOCAT$ =74 ,YET WE >GUE ?AT CONTEMPOR>ILY !SE CATEGORIES HAVE CRY/ALLIZ$ TO HAVE C]TA9 MEAN+S AMONG AN>*I/S4 ,\R ATTEMPT AT DEF9+ !M1 !N1 IS ITSELF A HEAVILY POLITICIZ$ PROJECT & WE WANT TO ACKN[L$GE ?AT4 ,UND\BT$LY WE WILL RUFFLE SOME FEA!RS 9 ! PROCESS1 BUT ! PURPOSE H]E IS TO GIVE SOME BROAD SKET*ES & NOT HAVE ! F9AL WORD ON H[ !SE T]MS W]E DEF9$ HI/ORICALLY OR H[ !Y >E COMMONLY US$ TODAY4 ,9DE$1 WE HOPE ?AT !SE DEF9+ /RATEGIES CAN S]VE AS JUMP+ (F PO9TS = NE$$ DEBATES AB\T ! USAGE & MEAN+ ( !SE CATEGORIES4 ,?IS IS ALSO :Y !SE SKET*ES >E BRIEF--AN 5TIRE BOOK C\LD BE WRITT5 AB\T EA* T5D5CY4 ,& WE HAVE NO 9T5TION ( DO+ ?AT H]E1 SO SOME P>AGRAPHS ON EA* T5D5CY WILL HAVE TO SUFFICE = ! PURPOSES ( ?IS COLLECTION4 ,MUTUALISM ,AS WE M5TION$ BE=E1 ,PR\DHON WAS AN ADVOCATE ( A =M ( M>KET SOCIALISM CALL$ MUTUALISM4 ,MUTUALISM WAS AN ANTI-CAPITALI/ MODEL ?AT SAW MUTUAL BANKS & CR$IT ASSOCIATIONS AS A WAY TO SOCIALIZE PRODUCTIVE PROP]TY & ALL[ = A =M ( DUAL P[] = WORK]S1 P>TICUL>LY ?R\< ! USE ( L[-9T]E/ LOANS1 *>G+ ONLY ! NECESS>Y 9T]E/ TO PAY = ADM9I/RATION4 ,?US1 ,PR\DHON >GU$ = MUTUALISM NOT ONLY AS A PO/-CAPITALI/ VISION1 BUT ALSO AS A /RATEGIC ORI5TATION /RESS+ ! NE$ TO BUILD ALT]NATIVE ECONOMIC RELATION%IPS 9 ! H]E & N[ ?AT W\LD EV5TUALLY REPLACE CAPITALISM4 ,:ILE MUTUALISM IS NOT TYPICALLY ADVOCAT$ BY AN>*I/S ANYMORE1 WE /ILL [E MU* ( \R DEVELOPM5T ( ECONOMICS TO ,PR\DHON 7IRONICALLY 5\<1 ,M>XI/S ALSO [E ?IS DEBT TO ,PR\DHON74 ,NEV]!LESS1 IT %\LD BE ACKN[L$G$ ?AT !RE >E /ILL SOME ADVOCATES ( MUTUALISM4 ,AS ,PR\DHON SKET*$ IT \T1 WAGE LABOR & L&LORDISM W\LD BE ABOLI%$ 9 A MUTUALI/ SOCIETY4 ,RA!R1 [N]%IP W\LD BE BAS$ ON OCCUPANCY & USE4 ,!RE=E1 ALL WORK]S W\LD HAVE ACCESS TO !IR [N MEANS ( PRODUCTION--MO/ ORGANIZ+ 9TO COOP]ATIVE1 NON-HI]>*ICAL FIRMS4 ,!SE SELF-MANAG$ FIRMS W\LD COMPETE 9 A FREE M>KET1 REGULAT$ BY A GR& AGRO-9DU/RIAL F$]ATION4 ,MANY MUTUALI/S HAVE >GU$ ?AT !SE FIRMS W\LD FUNCTION 9 WAYS SIMIL> TO WORK] COOP]ATIVES CONTEMPOR>ILY1 BUT )\T SOME ( ! PRESSURES ( OP]AT+ 9 ! CONTEXT ( A CAPITALI/ & /ATI/ SOCIETY4 ,FUR!R1 RA!R ?AN CAPITALI/S EXPROPRIAT+ SURPLUS VALUE FROM WORK]S1 WORK]S W\LD KEEP OR TRADE ?OSE PRODUCTS ?AT !Y PRODUCE4 ,?IS W\LD MEAN ?AT DI/RIBUTION 9 A MUTUALI/ SOCIETY W\LD BE 0BY WORK DONE1 BY DE$ RA!R ?AN NE$4 ,WORK]S W\LD RECEIVE ! FULL PRODUCT ( !IR LABOR1 AFT] PAY+ = 9PUTS FROM O!R CO-OP]ATIVES40.<#c#e.> ,?IS IS AN IMPORTANT DI/9CTION1 P>TICUL>LY AS AN>*I/S :O ADVOCATE = COMMUNISM >GUE = =MS ( DI/RIBUTION BY NE$ & P>TS ( ! DEBATES OV] AN>*I/ VISION>Y >GUM5TS >E C5T]$ ON ! DI/RIBUTION ( ! ?+S ?AT WE PRODUCE4 ,?IS ALSO MEANS ?AT 9 A MUTUALI/ SOCIETY1 EX*ANGE RELATIONS W\LD CONT9UE TO EXI/1 ) SELF-MANAG$ FIRMS EX*ANG+ GOODS & S]VICES 9 A M>KET4 ,= ?IS REASON1 SOME AN>*I/S--P>TICUL>LY COMMUNI/S-->GUE ?AT MUTUALISM W\LD ACTUALLY JU/ BE A SELF-MANAG$ =M ( CAPITALISM1 AS IT RETA9S SO MANY ELEM5TS ( CAPITALISM 7EX*ANGE RELATIONS1 M>KETS1 & SO ON74 ,SOME MOD]N DESC5DANTS ( MUTUALISM >E ,KEV9 ,C>SON1 ,%AWN ,WILBUR1 SOME FOLKS AT ! ,ALLIANCE ( ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,LEFT OR ,C5T] = A ,/ATELESS ,SOCIETY4.<#c#f.> ,MANY ( !SE MOD]N MUTUALI/S HAVE ALT]$ FEATURES ( ,PR\DHON'S >GUM5TS 9 KEY WAYS1 9FLU5C$ BY ! ,AM]ICAN 9DIVIDUALI/S LIKE ,B5JAM9 ,TUCK] & ,JOSIAH ,W>R54 ,SOME ( ! A=EM5TION$ GR\PS SEE ANTI-/ATI/S WORK+ TOGE!R ACROSS BROAD ECONOMIC SPECTRUMS--SOME ( :OM >E SOCIALI/1 O!RS :O ADVOCATE = =MS ( CAPITALISM & C\LD NOT !RE=E PROP]LY BE CALL$ 0AN>*I/S0 7IF ! T]M1 :I* IS ADMITT$LY BROAD & SOMETIMES MESSY1 IS TO HAVE ANY CONSI/5T MEAN+ AT ALL74 ,?US1 = EXAMPLE1 L9+ ! TOP ( ! WEB PAGE = ! ,ALLIANCE ( ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,LEFT CAN BE SE5 PICTURES ( MUTUALI/S LIKE ,PR\DHON SIDE BY SIDE ) SELF-AV[$ CAPITALI/S LIKE ,MURRAY ,RO?B>D4 ,NEV]!LESS1 IT IS )9 !SE MOD]N DESC5DANTS :]E WE SEE ! *ISM4 ,COLLECTIVISM ,COLLECTIVISM IS MO/ (T5 ASSOCIAT$ ) ,BAKUN91 :O REF]R$ TO HIMSELF AS A 0COLLECTIVI/0 TO DI/+UI% HIS !ORY FROM /ATE-COMMUNI/S4 ,:ILE MUTUALISM WAS A RE=MI/ & GRADUALI/ /RATEGY ?AT W\LD TRY TO OV]GR[ CAPITALISM OV] A LONG P]IOD ( TIME1 ,BAKUN9 SAW A NE$ = A REVOLUTION>Y RUPTURE ) CAPITALISM4 ,!RE=E1 ,BAKUN9 >GU$ = A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ?AT W\LD EXPROPRIATE PROP]TY1 SOCIALIZ+ IT4 ,COLLECTIVISM1 !N1 BEG9S ) ! ASSUMPTION ( SOCIAL [N]%IP ( PRODUCTIVE PROP]TY1 LIKE MUTUALISM4 ,! PRODUCT ( LABOR1 H[EV]1 W\LD BE GA!R$ 9TO A COMMUNAL M>KET4 ,BAKUN9'S FRI5D1 ,GUILLAUME1 :5 \TL9+ ,BAKUN9'S VISION CALL$ = A SOCIETY :]E 0ITEMS444PRODUC$ BY COLLECTIVE LABOR WILL BELONG TO ! COMMUNITY4 ,& EA* MEMB] WILL RECEIVE REMUN]ATION = HIS . LABOR EI!R 9 ! =M ( COMMODITIES444OR 9 CURR5CY4 ,9 SOME COMMUNITIES REMUN]ATION WILL BE 9 PROPORTION TO H\RS WORK$2 9 O!RS PAYM5T WILL BE MEASUR$ BY BO? ! H\RS ( WORK & ! K9D ( WORK P]=M$2 /ILL O!R SY/EMS WILL BE EXP]IM5T$ ) TO SEE H[ !Y WORK \T40.<#c#g.> ,:]E COMMUNITIES US$ CURR5CY1 IT W\LD BE US$ TO PUR*ASE ITEMS FROM ! COLLECTIVE M>KET4 ,& YET ,DOLG(F SAID ( ,GUILLAUME ?AT HE 0SAW NO DIFF]5CE 9 PR9CIPLE BETWE5 COLLECTIVISM & ANTI-/ATE COMMUNISM4 ,! COLLECTIVI/S UND]/OOD ?AT FULL COMMUNISM W\LD NOT BE IMM$IATELY REALIZABLE4 ,!Y W]E CONV9C$ ?AT ! WORK]S !MSELVES W\LD GRADUALLY 9TRODUCE COMMUNISM AS !Y OV]CAME ! OB/ACLES1 BO? PSY*OLOGICAL & ECONOMIC40.<#c#h.> ,?US1 9 ?IS WAY1 ! IDEA ( REMUN]ATION WAS NOT SE5 AS AN 5D 9 ,BAKUN9'S COLLECTIVISM1 BUT RA!R A TRANSITIONAL PHASE 9TO A SY/EM ( 0FULL COMMUNISM10 PRESUMABLY :]E NORMS ( REMUN]ATION W\LD BE DONE AWAY )4 ,BUT IT IS NOT CLE> ?AT ,BAKUN9 SAW HIMSELF AS ANY?+ O!R ?AN A COMMUNI/ AN>*I/1 :I* MAKES P>T ( ?IS PROJECT ( DEF9ITIONS & CATEGORIZATION BO? DIFFICULT &1 AS WE SAID1 HEAVILY POLITICIZ$4 ,GUILLAUME WRITES ?AT 0! T]M 'COLLECTIVI/S' DESIGNAT$ ! P>TIZANS ( COLLECTIVE PROP]TY0 9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL & ?AT 07T7HOSE :O ADVOCAT$ [N]%IP ( COLLECTIVE PROP]TY BY ! /ATE W]E CALL$ '/ATE' OR 'AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNI/S4'444,TO DI/+UI% !MSELVES FROM ! AU?ORIT>IANS & AVOID CONFUSION1 ! ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS CALL$ !MSELVES 'COLLECTIVI/S'40.<#c#i.> ,NEV]!LESS1 ! T]M 0COLLECTIVISM0 IS /ILL WIDELY 9 USE AMONG AN>*I/S1 :O (T5 DI/+UI% BETWE5 COLLECTIVISM & COMMUNI/ AN>*ISM ON ! BASIS ( DEBATES OV] REMUN]ATION & DI/RIBUTION4 ,CONTEMPOR>ILY1 LIKE MUTUALISM1 !RE >E FEW AN>*I/S :O ADVOCATE = COLLECTIVISM1 AS SU*4 ,BUT E*OES ( SOME ( !SE CONC]NS OV] REMUN]ATION CAN BE SE5 AS SOME AN>*I/S ADVOCATE = P>TICIPATORY ECONOMICS 7OR 0P>ECON071 A NON-M>KET LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM DEVELOP$ BY ,MI*AEL ,ALB]T & ,ROB9 ,HAHNEL & ALSO ADVOCAT$ BY ,*RIS ,SPANNOS4.<#d.> ,9DE$1 ,ALB]T WRITES 9 HIS AFT]W>DS = ?IS AN?OLOGY ?AT 0CITIZ5S %\LD HAVE A CLAIM ON SOCIETY'S ECONOMIC PRODUCT ?AT 9CREASES IF !Y DO SOCIALLY VALU$ WORK LONG] OR MORE 9T5SELY OR UND] WORSE CONDITIONS40 ,?IS IS :]E WE MIECON1 IT IS TYPICALLY NOT SE5 AS A TRANSITIONAL PHASE 9TO A FULL COMMUNISM ( FREE CONSUMPTION1 BUT AN 5D UNTO ITSELF1 :I* DIFF]5TIATES IT FROM ,BAKUN9'S !ORY4 ,IT DIFF]S 9 O!R KEY WAYS AS WELL & CURI\S READ]S >E 5C\RAG$ TO READ ! MANY BOOKS ON P>TICIPATORY ECONOMICS ?AT \TL9E ITS !ORY4 ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*ISM ,COMMUNI/ =MS ( AN>*ISM >E ! DOM9ANT T5D5CY AMONG AN>*I/S 7= ?OSE :O ID5TIFY ) A P>TICUL> ECONOMIC T5D5CY74 ,/RATEGICALLY1 COMMUNI/ AN>*I/S 7SOMETIMES REF]R$ TO AS AN>*O-COMMUNI/S1 AN>*I/-COMMUNI/S1 OR LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S--) EA* ( ?OSE T]MS CONNOT+ SOME /RATEGIC & !ORETICAL DIFF]5CES7 TYPICALLY SEE A NE$ = A REVOLUTION>Y BREAK ) CAPITALISM4 ,SOME 5VISION1 LIKE ,BAKUN91 ?IS BE+ A S]IES ( GR& REVOLUTION>Y EV5TS 5ACT$ BY AN ORGANIZ$ WORK+ CLASS4 ,O!RS1 H[EV]1 SEE AN>*ISM & COMMUNISM MORE AS PROCESSES ?AN 5D GOALS1 & (T5 ADVOCATE = 9SURRECTION>Y MOM5TS ?AT W\LD1 P]HAPS1 COALESCE 9TO REVOLUTIONS4 ,LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S ADVOCATE = ! SOCIAL [N]%IP ( PRODUCTIVE PROP]TY & DI/RIBUTION ON ! BASIS ( NE$ OR1 P]HAPS BETT] /AT$1 AN 5D TO [N]%IP & PROP]TY RELATIONS ALTOGE!R 7I4E4 ! ABOLITION ( PROP]TY74 ,?IS AN>*I/ COMMUNISM >GUES = ECONOMIC VISIONS ORGANIZ$ >\ND ! PR9CIPLE 0FROM EA* ACCORD+ TO ABILITY1 TO EA* ACCORD+ TO NE$10 ?\< ! DETAILS ( H[ TO REALIZE ?IS OBJECTIVE >E C]TA9LY DEBATABLE4 ,ADD$ TO ?IS1 0COMMUNISM0 IS ALSO A CONTE/$ T]M ) A V>IETY ( MEAN+S1 BO? HI/ORICALLY & CONTEMPOR>ILY4 ,?IS MAKES = A CATEGORY ?AT IS DIFFICULT TO P9 D[N ) SIMPLE DEF9ITIONS1 BUT MU* ( ! E>LY COMMUNI/ AN>*I/ !ORY WAS WRITT5 9 REACTION TO ! COLLECTIVI/ WAGES SY/EM4 ,COMMUNI/ AN>*I/S TYPICALLY >GUE AGA9/ ANY =M ( CURR5CY OR REMUN]ATION4 ,9 ,KROPOTK9'S VIEW1 ?IS WAS A WRONG-HEAD$ IDEA FROM ! />T & ONE ?AT C\LD POSSIBLY LEAD TO ! R$EVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM3 ,9 FACT1 9 A SOCIETY LIKE \RS1 9 :I* ! MORE A MAN . WORKS ! LESS HE IS REMUN]AT$1 ?IS PR9CIPLE1 AT FIR/ SI TO BE A YE>N+ = JU/ICE4 ,BUT IT IS REALLY ONLY ! P]PETUATION ( PA/ 9JU/ICE4 ,IT WAS BY VIRTUE ( ?IS PR9CIPLE ?AT WAG$OM BEGAN1 TO 5D 9 ! GL>+ 9EQUALITIES & ALL ! ABOM9ATIONS ( PRES5T SOCIETY2 BECAUSE1 FROM ! MOM5T WORK DONE WAS APPRAIS$ 9 CURR5CY OR 9 ANY O!R =M ( WAGE2 ! DAY IT WAS AGRE$ UPON ?AT MAN W\LD ONLY RECEIVE ! WAGE HE C\LD SECURE TO HIMSELF1 ! :OLE HI/ORY ( ,/ATE-AID$ ,CAPITALI/ ,SOCIETY WAS AS GOOD AS WRITT52 IT G]M9AT$ 9 ?IS PR9CIPLE4.<#d#a.> ,KROPOTK9'S VIEW PRES5T$ ONE WAY =W>D = A PO/-REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETY ?AT HAS 0TAK5 POSSESSION ( ALL SOCIAL WEAL?1 HAV+ BOLDLY PROCLAIM$ ! RIE !Y MAY HAVE TAK5 9 PRODUC+ IT WILL BE COMPELL$ TO AB&ON ANY SY/EM ( WAGES1 :E!R 9 CURR5CY OR LABOR-NOTES40.<#d#b.> ,?IS IS IMPORTANT NOT ONLY 9 T]MS ( VISION1 BUT ALSO 9ASMU* AS IT REF]S TO ! POLITICAL CONT5T PRODUC$ BY AN>*I/S DUR+ 9SURRECTION>Y OR REVOLUTION>Y MO7VE7M5TS4 ,?AT IS1 COMMUNI/ AN>*I/S T5D$ TO BE PROCESS-ORI5T$4 ,SO 9/EAD ( ADVOCAT+ = A REVOLUTION>Y BREAK1 !N A NEW ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY ALONG COMMUNI/ AN>*I/ L9ES1 ,KROPOTK9 SUGGE/$ ?AT WORK]S1 9 ! CONTEXT ( A REVOLUTION1 W\LD 0DEM& :AT !Y HAVE ALWAYS DEM&$ 9 SU* CASES--COMMUNIZATION ( SUPPLIES40.<#d#c.> ,SIMIL>LY1 9 ,C>LO ,CAFI]O'S REPORT TO ! ,JURA ,F$]ATION1 HE DESCRIB$ AN>*Y & COMMUNISM 9 IMM$IATE T]MS4 ,= ,CAFI]O1 0LIB]TY & EQUALITY >E ! TWO NECESS>Y & 9DIVISIBLE T]MS ( ! REVOLUTION40.<#d#d.> ,FUR!R1 & AGA9 9 ! IMM$IATE S5SE1 0,AN>*Y TODAY IS ! ATTACK1 ! W> UPON ALL AU?ORITY1 ALL P[]1 EV]Y ,/ATE40.<#d#e.> ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN ALSO SUGGE/$ A PROCESS ( CREAT+ COMMUNISM ?AT PRECLUD$ COMM]CIAL PROCESSES3 ,TO MAKE ?IS A REALITY WILL1 ,I BELIEVE1 BE POSSIBLE ONLY 9 A SOCIETY BAS$ ON VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION ( PRODUCTIVE GR\PS1 COMMUNITIES & SOCIETIES LOOSELY F$]AT$ TOGE!R1 EV5TUALLY DEVELOP+ 9TO A FREE COMMUNISM1 ACTUAT$ BY A SOLID>ITY ( 9T]E/S4 ,!RE CAN BE NO FRE$OM 9 ! L>GE S5SE ( ! WORD1 NO H>MONI\S DEVELOPM5T1 SO LONG AS M]C5>Y & COMM]CIAL CONSID]ATIONS PLAY AN IMPORTANT P>T 9 ! DET]M9ATION ( P]SONAL CONDUCT4.<#d#f.> ,KROPOTK9 WAS P>TICUL>LY ADAMANT AB\T ?IS3 0,! ,REVOLUTION WILL BE COMMUNI/2 IF NOT1 IT WILL BE DR[N$ 9 BLOOD1 & HAVE TO BE BEGUN OV] AGA940.<#d#g.> ,!SE DESCRIPTIONS ( VISION & PROCESS DO NO?+ TO TALK AB\T MANY ( ! O!R T5SIONS & DISAGREEM5TS AMONG COMMUNI/ AN>*I/S4 ,!RE >E ?OSE :O BELIEVE ?AT =MAL AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS >E CRUCIAL TO SOCIAL /RUGGLE & ?OSE :O ?9K ?OSE K9DS ( ORGANIZATIONS BECOME 5DS UNTO !MSELVES & GET 9 ! WAY ( /RUGGLE4 ,SOME COMMUNI/ AN>*I/S >GUE = AN EGOI/ AN>*ISM ROOT$ 9 P]SONAL DESIRE :ILE O!RS >GUE = A MORE SOCIAL- & COLLECTIVE-ORI5T$ APPROA* TO !ORY4 ,!RE >E COMMUNI/ AN>*I/S :O ID5TIFY ) ! ,LEFT & O!RS :O REJECT IT1 SOME :O >GUE = SELF-MANAG$ WORKPLACES & O!RS :O ADVOCATE = ! ABOLITION ( WORK4 ,ALSO1 !RE >E MANY :O F9D !MSELVES 9 SOME MIDDLE PLACE 9 !SE DISPUTES4 ,AGA91 ?IS BRIEF 9TRODUCTION IS NO PLACE TO EXP& ON !SE DEBATES1 BUT !Y %\LD BE ACC\NT$ = SO AS NOT TO LEAVE ! READ] ) ! ASSUMPTION ( ! EXI/5CE ( SOME MONOLI?IC COMMUNI/ AN>*ISM1 :I*1 QUITE OBVI\SLY1 DOES NOT EXI/4 ,O!R ,UNIQUE ,*>ACT]I/ICS ,ASIDE FROM ! T5SIONS >\ND VISION AMONG AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S1 COLLECTIVI/S1 & MUTUALI/S1 WE >GUE ?AT AN AN>*I/ ECONOMICS IS ALSO UNIQUE BECAUSE ( ! PREFIGURATIVE NATURE ( AN>*ISM4 ,?AT IS1 AN>*I/S >GUE ?AT ! WAYS ?AT WE ORGANIZE 9 ! H]E & N[ %\LD PREFIGURE ! K9D ( WORLD WE WI% TO CREATE1 9ASMU* AS ?AT IS POSSIBLE4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT A P>T ( AN>*I/ ECONOMICS IS AN 9VE/IGATION ( CURR5T PRACTICES ?AT MI*IC ELEM5TS4 ,LIKEWISE1 ?IS MEANS ?AT AN AN>*I/ ECONOMICS W\LD BE CONC]N$ ) EVALUAT+ AN>*I/ RESI/ANCE /RATEGIES AS WE ATTEMPT TO CREATE RUPTURES 9 CAPITALISM & EV5TUALLY ABOLI% IT4 ,F9ALLY1 AN AN>*I/ ECONOMICS W\LD ALSO CONC]N ITSELF ) ! EMBODI$ EXP]I5CES ( PEOPLE AS !Y 5GAGE 9 !SE CONTEMPOR>Y AN>*IC ECONOMIC PRACTICES & =MS ( RESI/ANCE4 ,?IS FOCUS ON ! AFFECTIVE ASPECTS ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION IS P]HAPS BE/ DESCRIB$ BY ,MIL/E9'S RE=MULATION ( ! COMMUNI/ MAXIM1 07F7ROM EA* ACCORD+ TO !IR ABILITIES & PASSIONS1 TO EA* ACCORD+ TO !IR NE$S & DESIRES40.<#d#h.> ,:ILE ?IS IS C]TA9LY ACC\NT$ = 9 ,M>XI/ ECONOMIC ANALYZES ( CAPITALISM1 P>TICUL>LY ,M>X'S FOCUS ON ALI5ATION1 = AN>*I/S ?IS MEANS PAY+ CLOSE ATT5TION TO ! AFFECTIVE & EMBODI$ EXP]I5CES ( PEOPLE 5GAG$ 9 NON-CAPITALI/ ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 7H[EV] LIMIT$ ?OSE ACTIVITIES MIS ( COLLECT+ & $IT+ CONTEMPOR>Y WRIT+ ON AN>*I/ ECONOMICS4 ,WE HAVE TRI$ TO ASSEMBLE A GOOD CROSS-SECTION ( CONTEMPOR>Y AN>*I/ ECONOMICS 9 ! =M ( ANALYZES & CRITIQUES ( CAPITALISM1 PIECES ON ! HI/ORY ( AN>*I/ ECONOMICS1 CONTEMPOR>Y PIECES ON VISION1 AS WELL AS ?OSE UNIQUE ASPECTS ( AN>*I/ ECONOMICS WE HAVE \TL9$ ABOVE4 ,?IS AN?OLOGY1 9 ?OSE ?REE YE>S1 HAS UND]GONE HUGE AM\NTS ( $IT+1 REWRIT+1 & RE=MULAT+ 9TO ?IS1 ITS F9AL V]SION4 ,WE HAVE CREAT$ SECTIONS = ! BOOK ?AT QUITE (T5 BLE$ 9TO EA* O!R4 ,?AT IS1 ! READ] MIE (T5 NOT NEATLY SEP>AT$ ONE FROM ! O!RS4 ,NONE!LESS1 WE ASK ! READ]'S UND]/&+ ?AT ! PROCESS ( CREAT+ DISCRETE SECTIONS = ! BOOK WAS SE5 BY ! $ITORS AS BO? VALUABLE 79 ORD] TO ID5TIFY COMMONALITIES 9 PIECES71 BUT AT ! SAME TIME1 9 MANY WAYS1 IMPOSSIBLE4 ,WE BEG9 ) TWO PIECES 9 \R 0,HI/ORY0 SECTION4 ,FIR/1 ,*RIS ,SPANNOS EXPLORES ! HI/ORY ( AN>*I/ ECONOMICS TO TRY TO BROADLY SKET* ! FUTURE4 ,AS HE M9ES ?R\< AN>*I/ WRIT]S & HI/ORICAL EXAMPLES1 HE BR+S \T ! PR9CIPLES FROM !SE S\RCES BY :I* HE BELIEVES A PO/-CAPITALI/ SOCIETY IS BE/ S]V$4 ,SPANNOS PROVIDES AN IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION 9 T]MS ( LOOK+ 9TO \R HI/ORY & \R PRES5T TO MAKE A CASE = A RADICALLY DIFF]5T FUTURE4 ,NEXT1 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY LOOKS SPECIFICALLY AT ,PR\DHON'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO RADICAL ECONOMICS4 ,P]HAPS ONE ( ! MO/ 9T]E/+ ASPECTS ( ?IS PIECE IS JU/ H[ MU* ( SOCIALI/ ECONOMIC !ORY ORIG9AT$ NOT ) ,M>X 7AS ! TRADITIONAL HI/ORIES >E WRITT571 BUT ) ,PR\DHON4 ,MC,KAY DRAWS \T !SE CONTRIBUTIONS1 AS WELL AS SOME ( ! VISION>Y & /RATEGIC COMMITM5TS ( ,PR\DHON'S MUTUALISM4 ,\R 0,ANALYSIS0 SECTION IS OP5$ BY ,ABBEY ,VOLCANO & ,D]IC ,%ANNON1 :O CONTRIBUTE A SORT ( 0BEG9N]'S GUIDE0 TO IMPORTANT CONCEPTS = UND]/&+ CAPITALISM 9 ! #bS4 ,!Y TAKE SEV5 ELEM5TS ( CONTEMPOR>Y CAPITALISM ?AT AN>*I/ BEG9N]S TO ECONOMICS MIY P]IOD4 ,NEXT1 ,JEFF ,MONA*I/ RESI/ANCE /RATEGIES TO CAPITALISM4 ,!Y >GUE ?AT WE MID ,J4 ,:ITE & ,COL9 ,C4 ,WILLIAMS >GUE ?AT CAPITALISM IS NOT ! TOTALIZ+ SY/EM ?AT WE (T5 PA9T IT AS4 ,REFLECT+ ON ! RIS+ 9T]E/ 9 ELEM5TS ( PO/-/RUCTURALISM AMONG AN>*I/S 7OR 0PO/-AN>*ISM10 AS SOME PEOPLE HAVE COME TO CALL !SE =AYS 9TO !ORY71 !Y >GUE ?AT WE %\LD NOTE ! PLACES 9 \R SOCIETY ?AT >E NON-MONETIZ$ & ?AT HAVE AVOID$ ! ALI5AT+ ASPECTS 9H]5T 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,DO+ SO1 !Y CREATE A C\NT]-N>RATIVE TO :AT !Y CALL ! 0CAPITALI/ HEGEMONY !SIS0 ?AT SEES CAPITALISM AS 9ESCAPABLE 7& P]HAPS L9K UP NICELY ) SOCIALI/ PO/-/RUCTURALI/ COMMITM5TS TO AN 0EXODUS0 FROM CAPITALISM TYPIFI$ BY AN>*I/ !ORI/S LIKE ,DAVID ,GRAEB] & ,/EVPH5 ,%UKAITIS1 OR AUTONOMI/ ,M>XI/S LIKE ,ANTONIO ,NEGRI & ,MI*AEL ,H>DT74 ,JOHN ,ASIMAKOP\LOS BEG9S \R 0,CRITIQUE0 SECTION DEMON/RAT+ ?AT CRISIS & 9EQUALITY >E 9H]5T 9 CAPITALISM4 ,AS SU*1 HE >GUES ?AT WE NE$ MASS MOVEM5TS TO U%] 9 ALT]NATIVES TO \R SY/EM RA!R ?AN ATTEMPTS AT 0REGULAT+0 A BROK5 9/ITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK4 ,AN>*I/S MIE ILLUSORY & ?AT SMA%+ CAPITAL IS A NECESS>Y REQUIREM5T = CREAT+ A /ABLE & HUMANE SOCIAL ORD]4 ,ROB9 ,HAHNEL RE=MULATES A TALK HE GAVE AT ,B-FE/ 9 ,GREECE 9 ,MAY ( #b#a1 AN ANNUAL AN>*I/ GA!R+ 9 ,A!NS1 EXPLA9+ ! CURR5T ECONOMIC CRISIS4 ,HE ALSO \TL9ES LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ RESPONSES TO ! AU/]ITY MEASURES IMPOS$ ON C\NTRIES LIKE ,GREECE BY ! ,EUROPEAN ,UNION4 ,AN>*I/S :O HAVE PAID ATT5TION TO MASS RESPONSES TO !SE MEASURES 9 ,GREECE1 ,SPA91 ,FRANCE1 & BEYOND WILL B5EFIT FROM ,HAHNEL'S ANALYSIS & RECOMM5DATIONS = ECONOMIC POLICY 9 ! %ORT T]M4 ,F9ALLY1 ,WILLIAM ,T4 ,>MAL9E & ,WILLIAM ,D4 ,>MAL9E FOCUS ON $UCATIONAL 9/ITUTIONS UND] CONTEMPOR>Y CAPITALISM4 ,?IS POLITICAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IS ESPECIALLY SALI5T N[ GIV5 ! MILITANT RESI/ANCE ?AT HAS RIS5 9 RESPONSE TO TUITION 9CREASES & FUND+ CUTS AT UNIV]SITIES ALL OV] ! WORLD--RANG+ FROM PROTE/S1 PROP]TY DEFACEM5T & DE/RUCTION1 TO ! /UD5T OCCUPATION MOVEM5TS4 ,AS WE M5TION$1 S9CE AN>*ISM IS A PREFIGURATIVE PRACTICE1 P>T ( :AT MAKES AN AN>*I/ ECONOMICS DI/9CTLY AN>*I/ IS A FOCUS ON ALT]NATIVES & RESI/ANCE 5ACT$ 9 ! H]E & N[4 ,\R NEXT TWO SECTIONS SPEAK TO ?IS CONC]N1 BEG9N+ ) \R 0,PRACTICE0 SECTION4 ,FIR/1 ,URI ,GORDON LOOKS AT COMMON CONTEMPOR>Y AN>*I/ PRACTICES4 ,?IS VALUABLE PIECE 9VE/IGATES A WIDE V>IETY ( CURR5T ECONOMIC PRACTICES ( AN>*I/S 7& ?OSE ?AT MI*IC ELEM5TS7 ) A NONSECT>IAN APPROA* FITT+ = ! DIV]SE AN>*I/ MILIEU4 ,SECONDLY1 ,C>OL9E ,KALTEFLEIT] TAKES A CULTURAL /UDIES APPROA* TO 9VE/IGAT+ EV]YDAY RESI/ANCE /RATEGIES 9 A TIME ( CAPITALI/ CRISIS4 ,%E >GUES ?AT ! EV]YDAY SPACES CREAT$ BY CAFE CULTURES1 COMMUNITY CURR5CIES1 & /REET ACTIONS PROVIDE EXAMPLES ( ! SPIRIT ( COMMUNITY & MUTUAL AID NECESS>Y TO DEMON/RATE ALT]NATIVES TO CAPITALISM1 :ILE ALSO NOT+ SOME ( ! LIMITATIONS 9 !SE PRACTICES4 ,9 \R 0,RESI/ANCE0 SECTION1 ,M>IE ,TRIGONA BEG9S ) A PIECE ON ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA'S OCCUPI$ FACTORY MOVEM5T4 ,%E >GUES ?AT !SE 0TRANSNATIONAL MANUFACTUR+ SITES C\LD BE CONSID]$ MOD]N-DAY PRISONS0 9 MANY WAYS4 ,?AT BEGS ! QUE/ION3 ,:AT MI WRITES AB\T ! RESI/ANCE ( PEOPLE ( COLOR UND] GLOBAL CAPITALISM4 ,AGUIL> >GUES ?AT ?R\< ! /&PO9T ( PEOPLE ( COLOR1 WE >E BE/ ABLE TO ANALYZE CONTEMPOR>Y CAPITALISM--& >GUE = A WORLD ORGANIZ$ ON ! BASIS ( SIMPLE DIGNITY4 ,AGUIL>'S ANALYSIS IS P>TICUL>LY VALUABLE 9 ?AT IT 9VE/IGATES RADICAL RESI/ANCE MOVEM5TS BY PEOPLE ( COLOR ?AT >E NOT LIMIT$ TO IDEOLOGICAL M>K]S SU* AS 0AN>*ISM10 YET ATTEMPTS TO BRIDGE !SE DIV]SE EXP]I5CES )9 ! CONTEXT ( AN>*I/ ECONOMICS4 ,\R F9AL SECTION CONTA9S ?REE PIECES ON POSSIBILITIES = AN>*I/ FUTURES1 TITL$ SIMPLY 0,VISION40 ,!RE HAS ALWAYS BE5 A T5SION >\ND VISION = AN>*I/S1 SOME ( :OM HAVE BE5 WILL+ TO BROADLY SKET* :AT A PO/-REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETY MI*I/S SUGGE/ ?AT ! V]Y TASK ( SKET*+ A FUTURE MIIAN1 MAK+ >RANGEM5TS = A PEOPLE :O DO NOT YET EXI/ & )\T !IR P>TICIPATION74 ,NONE!LESS1 !SE K9DS ( VISION>Y WRIT+S HAVE ALWAYS ACCOMPANI$ ! AN>*I/ PROJECT & WE 9CLUDE ?REE PIECES ( CONTEMPOR>Y AN>*I/ VISION H]E4 ,FIR/1 ,D]IC ,%ANNON \TL9ES A LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ CRITIQUE ( MUTUALISM4 ,HE BROADLY SKET*ES ?IS >GUM5T 9 T]MS ( VISION1 BUT ALSO RESPONDS TO MUTUALI/ !ORY & PRACTICE4 ,NEXT1 ,SCOTT ,NAPPALOS TACKLES H[ DI/RIBUTION MI*I/-COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 ,H]E ! READ] MIGUM5TS AB\T 0COLLECTIVISM0 7AS IT WAS EXPRESS$ BY ,KROPOTK97 AS ,NAPPALOS PROVIDES ?IS PLAN ) A CRITICAL RESPONSE TO SUGGE/IONS = DIFF]5TIAL REMUN]ATION4 ,WAYNE ,PRICE >GUES = A HUMILITY ( VISION4 ,PRICE REF]5CES ,MALATE/A'S WORK1 SUGGE/+ ?AT A TE*NIQUE ( EXP]IM5TATION IS BE/ 9 T]MS ( AN>*I/ VISION4 ,?\< HE C]TA9LY ADVOCATES = HIS [N POSITIONS1 HE SUGGE/S ?AT ! AN>*I/ ME?OD IS NOT ONE ( DOGMATISM & F9AL ANSW]S1 BUT ( EXP]IM5TATION & HUMILITY4 ,WE 5D ) AN AFT]W>DS BY ,MI*AEL ,ALB]T4 ,ALB]T IS A WELL-KN[N RADICAL ECONOMI/ :O HELP$ DEVELOP P>TICIPATORY ECONOMICS1 AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN VISION ?AT HAS 9FLU5C$ MANY CONTEMPOR>Y RADICALS--SOME ( :OM ADVOCATE = IT1 SOME ( :OM CRITIQUE IT1 & MANY ( :OM DO A BIT ( BO?4 ,ALB]T >GUES ?AT AN>*I/S MIY VISION1 ADVOCAT+ = P>ECON :ILE ALSO SUGGE/+ ?AT WE MIY AN>*I/S4 ,! $ITORS ( ?IS COLLECTION PUT =W>D !SE PIECES AS DISCUSSION DOCUM5TS4 ,?AT IS1 WE1 AS $ITORS1 DO NOT NECESS>ILY AGREE ) EV]Y?+ PUT =W>D 9 ?IS COLLECTION4 ,H[EV]1 WE ?9K AN AN?OLOGY ( ?IS SORT1 A COLLECTION ( PIECES ON AN>*I/ ECONOMICS 7BROADLY CONCEIV$71 IS LONG OV]DUE4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! K9DS ( DISCUSSIONS ?AT !SE PIECES CAN RAISE >E POT5TIALLY IMPORTANT 9 CONT9U+ TO REF9E AN>*I/ ANALYSIS & PRAXIS4 ,) ?IS OBJECTIVE 9 M9D1 WE GIVE Y\ ?IS COLLECTION ) ! HOPES ?AT ! CONT5TS PROVE USEFUL 9 ABOLI%+ ! EXI/+ HI]>*ICAL SOCIAL ORD] & ! CREATION ( NEW1 EGALIT>IAN SOCIAL =MS ?AT PROVIDE SU/A9ABLE ALT]NATIVES TO ! UNSU/A9ABLE & BRUTAL WORLD ?AT WE HAVE ALL 9H]IT$4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JANU>Y #c#a1 #bba 3 ,AN>*I/ ,ECONOMICS3 ,A ,HOLI/IC ,VIEW -- ,ADD$4 ,DECEMB] #a#c1 #bba 3 ,AN>*I/ ,ECONOMICS3 ,A ,HOLI/IC ,VIEW -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/