,SECTION #b1 ,*APT] #ai 
,HI/ORICAL ,EXPOSITION ( ! ,PROBLEM3 ,VORONTSOV & ,HIS 'SURPLUS' 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

,! REPRES5TATIVES ( ,RUSSIAN 'POPULISM' W]E CONV9C$ ?AT CAPITALISM HAD NO FUTURE 9 ,RUSSIA1 & ?IS CONVICTION BR\<T !M TO ! PROBLEM ( CAPITALI/ REPRODUCTION4 ,V4,V4 LAID D[N HIS !ORIES ON ?IS PO9T 9 A S]IES ( >TICLES 9 ! REVIEW ,PATRIOTIC ,MEMOIRS & 9 O!R P]IODICALS :I* W]E COLLECT$ & PUBLI%$ 9 #ahhb UND] ! TITLE ,! ,DE/9Y ( ,CAPITALISM 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,HE FUR!R DEALT ) ! PROBLEM 9 ,! ,COMMODITY ,SURPLUS 9 ! ,SUPPLY ( ! ,M>KET17#a7,MILIT>ISM & ,CAPITALISM17#b7,\R ,TR5DS17#c7 & F9ALLY 9 ,\TL9ES ( ,ECONOMIC ,!ORY47#d7 ,IT IS NOT EASY TO DET]M9E ,VORONTSOV'S ATTITUDE T[>DS CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,HE SID$ NEI!R ) ! PURELY SLAVOPHIL !ORY :I* D$UC$ ! P]V]SITY & P]NICI\SNESS ( CAPITALISM = ,RUSSIA FROM ! 'PECULI>ITIES' ( ! ,RUSSIAN ECONOMIC /RUCTURE & A SPECIFICALLY ,RUSSIAN 'NATIONAL *>ACT]'1 NOR ) ! ,M>XI/S :O SAW 9 CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T AN UNAVOIDABLE HI/ORICAL /AGE :I* IS NE$$ TO CLE> ! WAY T[>DS SOCIAL PROGRESS = ,RUSSIAN SOCIETY1 TOO4 ,VORONTSOV = HIS P>T SIMPLY ASS]TS ?AT D5UNCIATION & ACCLAMATION ( CAPITALISM >E EQUALLY FUTILE BECAUSE1 HAV+ NO ROOTS 9 ,RUSSIA1 CAPITALISM IS JU/ IMPOSSIBLE !RE & CAN HAVE NO FUTURE4 ,! ESS5TIAL CONDITIONS ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T >E LACK+ 9 ,RUSSIA1 & LOVE'S LABOR'S LO/ IF ! /ATE TRIES TO PROMOTE IT >TIFICIALLY - ONE MI<T AS WELL SP>E !SE EF=TS TOGE!R ) ! HEAVY SACRIFICES !Y 5TAIL4 ,BUT IF WE LOOK 9TO ! MATT] MORE CLOSELY1 ,VORONTSOV'S !SIS IS NOT NE>LY SO UNCOMPROMIS+4 ,= IF WE PAY ATT5TION TO ! FACT ?AT CAPITALISM DOES NOT MEAN ONLY ! ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL WEAL? BUT ALSO ?AT ! SMALL PRODUC] IS R$UC$ TO ! PROLET>IAN LEVEL1 ?AT ! LABOR]'S LIVELIHOOD IS NOT ASSUR$ & ?AT !RE >E P]IODICAL CRISES1 !N ,VORONTSOV W\LD BY NO MEANS D5Y ?AT ALL !SE PH5OM5A EXI/ 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 HE EXPLICITLY SAYS 9 HIS PREFACE TO ,! ,DE/9Y ( ,CAPITALISM 9 ,RUSSIA3 ',:IL/ ,I DISPUTE ! POSSIBILITY ( CAPITALISM AS A =M ( PRODUCTION 9 ,RUSSIA1 ,I DO NOT 9T5D TO COMMIT MYSELF 9 ANY WAY AS TO ITS FUTURE AS A =M OR DEGREE ( EXPLOIT+ ! NATIONAL RES\RCES4' 

,VORONTSOV CONSEQU5TLY IS ( ! OP9ION ?AT CAPITALISM 9 ,RUSSIA M]ELY CANNOT ATTA9 ! SAME DEGREE ( MATURITY AS 9 ! ,WE/1 :]EAS ! SEV]ANCE ( ! IMM$IATE PRODUC] FROM ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION MI<T WELL BE EXPECT$ UND] ,RUSSIAN CONDITIONS4 ,VORONTSOV GOES EV5 FUR!R3 HE DOES NOT DISPUTE AT ALL ?AT A DEVELOPM5T ( ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION IS QUITE POSSIBLE 9 V>I\S BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION1 & EV5 ALL[S = CAPITALI/ EXPORTS FROM ,RUSSIA TO =EIGN M>KETS4 ,9DE$ HE SAYS 9 HIS ESSAY ON ,! ,COMMODITY SURPLUS 9 ! ,SUPPLY ( ! ,M>KET ?AT '9 SEV]AL BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY1 CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION DEVELOPS V]Y QUICKLY'7#e7 .<9 ! ,RUSSIAN MEAN+ ( ! T]M1 ( C\RSE - ,R4,L4.>4 

',IT IS MO/ PROBABLE ?AT ,RUSSIA1 JU/ LIKE ANY O!R C\NTRY1 5JOYS C]TA9 NATURAL ADVANTAGES :I* 5ABLE H] TO ACT AS A SUPPLI] ( C]TA9 K9DS ( COMMODITIES ON =EIGN M>KETS4 ,IT IS EXTREMELY POSSIBLE ?AT CAPITAL CAN PR(IT BY ?IS FACT & LAY H&S UPON ! BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION CONC]N$ - ?AT IS TO SAY ! 79T]7NATIONAL DIVISION ( LABOR WILL MAKE IT EASY = \R CAPITALI/S TO GA9 A FOO?OLD 9 C]TA9 BRAN*ES4 ,?IS1 H[EV]1 IS NOT ! PO9T4 ,WE DO NOT SPEAK ( A M]ELY 9CID5TAL P>TICIPATION ( CAPITAL 9 ! 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION ( ! C\NTRY1 BUT ASK :E!R IT IS LIKELY ?AT ! 5TIRE PRODUCTION ( ,RUSSIA CAN BE PUT ON A CAPITALI/ BASIS4'7#f7 

,PUT 9 ?IS =M1 ,VORONTSOV'S SKEPTICISM LOOKS QUITE DIFF]5T FROM :AT MI<T HAVE BE5 EXPECT$ AT FIR/4 ,HE D\BTS :E!R ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION C\LD EV] GA9 POSSESSION ( ! 5TIRE PRODUCTION 9 ,RUSSIA2 BUT !N1 CAPITALISM HAS NOT SO F> ACCOMPLI%$ ?IS FEAT 9 ANY C\NTRY ( ! WORLD1 NOT EV5 9 ,5GL&4 ,SU* A BR& ( SKEPTICISM AS TO ! FUTURE ( CAPITALISM APPE>S AT A GLANCE QUITE 9T]NATIONAL 9 \TLOOK4 ,& 9DE$1 ,VORONTSOV'S !ORY H]E AM\NTS TO A QUITE G5]AL REFLECTION ON ! NATURE & ! ESS5TIAL CONDITIONS ( CAPITALISM2 IT IS BAS$ UPON A G5]AL !ORETICAL APPROA* TO ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESS ( SOCIAL CAPITAL AS A :OLE4 ,VORONTSOV GIVES ! FOLL[+ V]Y CLE> =MULATION ( ! SPECIFIC RELATIONS BETWE5 ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION & ! PROBLEM ( M>KETS3 

',! 79T]7NATIONAL DIVISION ( LABOR1 ! DI/RIBUTION ( ALL BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY AMONG ! C\NTRIES TAK+ P>T 9 9T]NATIONAL COMM]CE1 IS QUITE 9DEP5D5T ( CAPITALISM4 

',! M>KET :I* ?US COMES 9TO BE+1 ! DEM& = ! PRODUCTS ( DIFF]5T C\NTRIES RESULT+ FROM SU* A DIVISION ( LABOR AMONG ! NATIONS1 HAS 9TR9SICALLY NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ! M>KET REQUIR$ BY ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION 444 ,! PRODUCTS ( CAPITALI/ 9DU/RY COME ON ! M>KET = ANO!R PURPOSE2 ! QUE/ION :E!R ALL ! NE$S ( ! C\NTRY >E SATISFI$ IS IRRELEVANT TO !M1 & ! 5TREPR5EUR DOES NOT NECESS>ILY RECEIVE 9 !IR /EAD ANO!R MAT]IAL PRODUCT :I* MAY1 BE CONSUM$4 ,!IR MA9 PURPOSE IS TO REALIZE ! SURPLUS VALUE !Y CONTA94 ,:AT1 !N1 IS ?IS SURPLUS VALUE ?AT IT %\LD 9T]E/ ! CAPITALI/ = ITS [N SAKE8 ,FROM \R PO9T ( VIEW1 IT IS ! SURPLUS ( PRODUCTION OV] CONSUMPTION 9SIDE ! C\NTRY4 ,EV]Y WORK] PRODUCES MORE ?AN HE HIMSELF CAN CONSUME1 & ALL ! SURPLUS ITEMS ACCUMULATE 9 A FEW H&S2 !IR [N]S !MSELVES CONSUME !M1 EX*ANG+ !M = ! PURPOSE AGA9/ ! MO/ V>IEGAT$ K9DS ( NECESSITIES & LUXURIES4 ,YET EAT1 DR9K & DANCE AS MU* AS !Y LIKE - !Y WILL NOT BE ABLE TO SQU&] ! :OLE ( ! SURPLUS VALUE3 A CONSID]ABLE REMNANT WILL BE LEFT OV]1 ( :I* !Y HAVE TO DISPOSE SOMEH[ EV5 ?\< !Y CANNOT EX*ANGE IT = O!R PRODUCTS4 ,!Y MU/ CONV]T IT 9TO MONEY1 S9CE IT W\LD O!RWISE JU/ GO BAD4 ,S9CE !RE IS NO ONE 9SIDE ! C\NTRY ON :OM ! CAPITALI/S C\LD FOI/ ?IS REMNANT1 IT MU/ BE EXPORT$ ABROAD1 & ?AT IS :Y =EIGN M>KETS >E 9DISP5SABLE TO C\NTRIES EMB>K+ ON ! CAPITALI/ V5TURE4'7#g7 

,! ABOVE IS A LIT]AL TRANSLATION1 %[+ ALL ! PECULI>ITIES ( ,VORONTSOV'S DICTION1 ?AT ! READ] MAY HAVE A TA/E ( ?IS BRILLIANT ,RUSSIAN !ORI/ ) :OM ONE CAN SP5D MOM5TS ( %E] DELI<T4 

,LAT]1 9 #a#h#i#e1 ,VORONTSOV SUMM>IZ$ ! SAME VIEWS 9 HIS BOOK ,\TL9ES ( ,ECONOMIC ,!ORY N[ CLAIM+ \R ATT5TION4 ,H]E HE TAKES A /& AGA9/ ! VIEWS ( ,SAY & ,RIC>DO1 & 9 P>TICUL> ALSO AGA9/ ,JOHN ,/U>T ,MILL :O D5I$ ! POSSIBILITY ( G5]AL OV]-PRODUCTION4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( HIS >GUM5T HE DISCOV]S SOME?+ NO ONE HAD KN[N BE=E3 HE HAS LAID B>E ! S\RCE ( ALL ]RORS ! CLASSICAL S*OOL MADE AB\T ! PROBLEM ( CRISES4 ,?IS MI/AKE LIES 9 A FALLACI\S !ORY ( ! CO/S ( PRODUCTION TO :I* B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/S >E ADDICT$4 ,NO D\BT1 FROM ! ASPECT ( ! CO/S ( PRODUCTION 7:I* ACCORD+ TO ,VORONTSOV'S EQUALLY UNHE>D-( ASSUMPTION DO NOT COMPRISE PR(ITS71 BO? PR(IT & CRISES >E UN?9KABLE & 9EXPLICABLE4 ,BUT WE CAN ONLY APPRECIATE ?IS ORIG9AL ?\<T TO ! FULL 9 ! AU?OR'S [N WORDS3 

',ACCORD+ TO ! DOCTR9E ( B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/S1 ! VALUE ( A PRODUCT IS DET]M9$ BY ! LABOR EMPLOY$ 9 ITS MANUFACTURE4 ,YET B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/S1 ONCE !Y HAVE GIV5 ?IS DET]M9ATION ( VALUE1 IMM$IATELY =GET IT & BASE !IR SUBSEQU5T EXPLANATION ( ! EX*ANGE PH5OM5A UPON A DIFF]5T !ORY :I* SUB/ITUTES 0CO/S ( PRODUCTION0 = LABOR4 ,?US TWO PRODUCTS >E MUTUALLY EX*ANG$ 9 SU* QUANTITIES ?AT ! CO/S ( PRODUCTION >E EQUAL ON BO? SIDES4 ,SU* A VIEW ( ! PROCESS ( EX*ANGE 9DE$ LEAVES NO ROOM = A COMMODITY SURPLUS 9SIDE ! C\NTRY4 ,ANY PRODUCT ( A WORK]'S ANNUAL LABOR MU/1 FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 REPRES5T A C]TA9 QUANTITY ( MAT]IAL ( :I* IT IS MADE ( TOOLS :I* HAVE BE5 US$ 9 ITS MANUFACTURE1 & ( ! PRODUCTS :I* S]V$ TO MA9TA9 ! WORK]S DUR+ ! P]IOD ( PRODUCTION4 ,IT .<PRESUMABLY ! PRODUCT - ,R4,L4.> APPE>S ON ! M>KET 9 ORD] TO *ANGE ITS USE-=M1 TO RECONV]T ITSELF 9TO OBJECTS1 9TO PRODUCTS = ! WORK]S & ! VALUE NECESS>Y = R5EW+ ! TOOLS4 ,AS SOON AS IT IS SPLIT UP 9TO ITS COMPON5T P>TS1 ! PROCESS ( REASSEMBL+1 ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESS1 WILL BEG91 9 ! C\RSE ( :I* ALL ! VALUES LI/$ ABOVE WILL BE CONSUM$4 ,9 !IR /EAD1 A NEW PRODUCT WILL COME 9TO BE+ :I* IS ! CONNECT+ L9K BETWE5 PA/ & FUTURE CONSUMPTION4' 

,FROM ?IS P]FECTLY UNIQUE ATTEMPT TO DEMON/RATE SOCIAL REPRODUCTION AS A CONT9U\S PROCESS 9 ! LI<T ( ! CO/S ( PRODUCTION1 ! FOLL[+ CONCLUSION IS PROMPTLY DRAWN3 ',CONSID]+ ?US ! AGGREGATE BULK ( A C\NTRY'S PRODUCTS1 WE %ALL F9D NO COMMODITY SURPLUS AT ALL OV] & ABOVE ! DEM& ( SOCIETY2 AN UNM>KETABLE SURPLUS IS !RE=E IMPOSSIBLE FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( A B\RGEOIS ECONOMIC !ORY ( VALUE4' 

,YET1 AFT] HAV+ ELIM9AT$ CAPITALI/ PR(IT FROM ! CO/S ( PRODUCTION BY AN EXTREMELY AUTOCRATIC MANH&L+ ( ! B\RGEOIS !ORY ( VALUE1 ,VORONTSOV IMM$IATELY PRES5TS ?IS DEFICI5CY AS A GREAT DISCOV]Y3 ',! ABOVE ANALYSIS1 H[EV]1 REVEALS YET ANO!R FEATURE 9 ! !ORY ( VALUE PREVAL5T ( LATE3 IT BECOMES EVID5T ?AT ?IS !ORY LEAVES NO ROOM = CAPITALI/ PR(ITS4' 

,! >GUM5T ?AT FOLL[S IS /RIK+ 9 ITS BREVITY & SIMPLICITY3 ',9DE$1 IF ,I EX*ANGE MY [N PRODUCT1 REPRES5T+ A CO/ ( PRODUCTION ( #e RUBLES1 = ANO!R PRODUCT ( EQUAL VALUE1 ,I RECEIVE ONLY SO MU* AS WILL BE SUFFICI5T TO COV] MY EXP5SE1 BUT = MY AB/95CE .<LIT]ALLY SO - ,R4,L4.> ,I %ALL GET NO?+4' 

,& N[ ,VORONTSOV REALLY COMES TO GRIPS ) ! ROOT ( ! PROBLEM3 

',?US IT IS PROV$ ON A /RICTLY LOGICAL DEVELOPM5T ( ! IDEAS HELD BY B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/S ?AT ! DE/9Y ( ! COMMODITY SURPLUS ON ! M>KET & ?AT ( CAPITALI/ PR(IT IS ID5TICAL4 ,?IS CIRCUM/ANCE JU/IFIES ! CONCLUSION ?AT BO? PH5OM5A >E 9T]DEP5D5T1 ?AT ! EXI/5CE ( ONE IS A CONDITION ( ! O!R1 & 9DE$1 SO LONG AS !RE IS NO PR(IT1 !RE IS NO COMMODITY SURPLUS 444 ,IT IS DIFF]5T IF ! PR(IT COMES 9TO BE+ 9SIDE ! C\NTRY4 ,SU* PR(IT IS NOT ORIG9ALLY RELAT$ TO PRODUCTION2 IT IS A PH5OM5ON :I* IS CONNECT$ ) ! LATT] NOT BY TE*NICAL & NATURAL CONDITIONS BUT BY AN EXTRANE\S SOCIAL =M4 ,PRODUCTION REQUIRES = ITS CONT9UATION 444 ONLY MAT]IAL1 TOOLS1 & MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE = ! WORK]S1 !RE=E AS SU* IT CONSUMES ONLY ! CORRESPOND+ MU/ BE F\ND = ! SURPLUS :I* MAKES UP ! PR(IT1 & = :I* !RE IS NO ROOM 9 ! P]MAN5T /RUCTURE ( 9DU/RIAL LIFE1 9 PRODUCTION - CONSUM]S1 NAMELY1 :O >E NOT ORGANICALLY CONNECT$ ) PRODUCTION1 :O >E =TUIT\S TO A C]TA9 EXT5T4 ,! NECESS>Y NUMB] ( SU* CONSUM]S MAY OR MAY NOT BE =?COM+1 & 9 ! LATT] CASE !RE WILL BE A COMMODITY SURPLUS ON ! M>KET4'7#h7 

,WELL CONT5T ) ! 'SIMPLE' 5LI<T5M5T1 BY :I* HE HAS TURN$ ! SURPLUS PRODUCT 9TO AN 9V5TION ( CAPITAL & ! CAPITALI/ 9TO A '=TUIT\S' CONSUM] :O IS 'NOT ORGANICALLY CONNECT$ ) CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION'1 ,VORONTSOV N[ TURNS TO ! CRISES4 ,ON ! BASIS ( ,M>X'S 'LOGICAL' !ORY ( ! VALUE ( LABOR :I* HE CLAIMS TO 'EMPLOY' 9 HIS LAT] WORKS1 HE EXP\NDS !M AS AN IMM$IATE RESULT ( ! SURPLUS VALUE1 AS FOLL[S3 

',IF ! WORK+ P>T ( ! POPULATION CONSUMES :AT 5T]S 9TO ! CO/S ( PRODUCTION 9 =M ( ! WAGES = LABOR1 ! CAPITALI/S !MSELVES MU/ DE/ROY .<LIT]ALLY SO - ,R4,L4.> ! SURPLUS VALUE1 EXCEPT+ ?AT P>T ( IT :I* ! M>KET REQUIRES = EXPANSION4 ,IF ! CAPITALI/S >E 9 A POSITION TO DO SO & ACT ACCORD+LY1 !RE CAN BE NO COMMODITY SURPLUS2 IF NOT1 OV]-PRODUCTION1 9DU/RIAL CRISES1 DISPLACEM5T ( ! WORK]S FROM ! FACTORIES & O!R EVILS WILL RESULT4' 

,ACCORD+ TO ,VORONTSOV1 H[EV]1 IT IS '! 9ADEQUATE ELA/ICITY ( ! HUMAN ORGANISM :I* CANNOT 5L>GE ITS CAPACITY TO CONSUME AS RAPIDLY AS ! SURPLUS VALUE IS 9CREAS+'1 :I* IS 9 ! 5D RESPONSIBLE = !SE EVILS4 ,HE REPEAT$LY EXPRESSES ?IS +5I\S ?\<T AS FOLL[S3 ',! ,A*ILLES HEEL ( CAPITALI/ 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION ?US LIES 9 ! 9CAPACITY ( ! 5TREPR5EURS TO CONSUME ! :OLE ( !IR 9COME4' 

,HAV+ ?US 'EMPLOY$' ,M>X'S 'LOGICAL' V]SION ( ,RIC>DO'S !ORY ( VALUE1 ,VORONTSOV >RIVES AT ,SISMONDI'S !ORY ( CRISES :I* HE ADOPTS 9 AS CRUDE & SIMPLIFI$ A =M AS POSSIBLE4 ,HE BELIEVES1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT HE IS ADOPT+ ! VIEWS ( ,RODB]TUS 9 REPRODUC+ ?OSE ( ,SISMONDI4 ',! 9DUCTIVE ME?OD ( RESE>*'1 HE DECL>ES TRIUMPHANTLY1 'HAS RESULT$ 9 ! V]Y SAME !ORY ( CRISES & ( PAUP]ISM :I* HAD BE5 OBJECTIVELY /AT$ BY ,RODB]TUS4'7#i7 

,IT IS NOT QUITE CLE> :AT ,VORONTSOV MEANS BY AN '9DUCTIVE ME?OD ( RESE>*' :I* HE CONTRA/S ) ! OBJECTIVE ME?OD - S9CE ALL ?+S >E POSSIBLE TO ,VORONTSOV1 HE MAY CONCEIVABLY MEAN ,M>X'S !ORY4 ,YET ,RODB]TUS1 TOO1 WAS NOT TO EM]GE UNIMPROV$ FROM ! H&S ( ! ORIG9AL ,RUSSIAN ?9K]4 ,VORONTSOV CORRECTS ,RODB]TUS' !ORY M]ELY 9 SO F> AS HE ELIM9ATES ! /ABILIZATION ( ! WAGE RATE 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! VALUE ( ! AGGREGATE PRODUCT :I*1 TO ,RODB]TUS1 HAD BE5 ! PIVOT ( HIS :OLE SY/EM4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,VORONTSOV1 ?IS MEASURE AGA9/ CRISES IS A 'M]E PALLIATIVE1 S9CE ! IMM$IATE CAUSE ( ! ABOVE PH5OM5A 7OV]-PRODUCTION1 UNEMPLOYM5T1 ETC47 IS NOT ?AT ! WORK+ CLASSES RECEIVE TOO SMALL A %>E ( ! NATIONAL 9COME1 BUT ?AT ! CAPITALI/ CLASS CANNOT POSSIBLY CONSUME ALL ! PRODUCTS :I* EV]Y YE> FALL TO !IR %>E4'7#a7 

,YET1 AS SOON AS HE HAS REFITT$ ,RODB]TUS' RE=M ( ! DI/RIBUTION ( 9COMES1 ,VORONTSOV1 ) ?AT '/RICTLY LOGICAL' CONSI/5CY SO PECULI> TO HIM1 ULTIMATELY >RIVES AT ! FOLL[+ =ECA/ = ! FUTURE DE/9Y ( CAPITALISM3 

',IF 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION :I* PREVAILS 9 ,W4 ,EUROPE IS TO PROSP] & FL\RI% FUR!R /ILL1 IT CAN ONLY DO SO PROVID$ ?AT SOME MEANS WILL BE F\ND TO DE/ROY .<V]BATIM - ,R4,L4.> ?AT PORTION ( ! NATIONAL 9COME :I* FALLS TO ! CAPITALI/S' %>E OV] & ABOVE !IR CAPACITY TO CONSUME4 ,! SIMPLE/ SOLUTION ( ?IS PROBLEM WILL BE AN APPROPRIATE *ANGE 9 ! DI/RIBUTION ( ! AGGREGATE 9COME AMONG ?OSE :O TAKE P>T 9 PRODUCTION4 ,IF ! 5TREPR5EURS W\LD RETA9 = !MSELVES ONLY SO MU* ( ALL 9CREASE ( ! NATIONAL 9COME AS !Y SIT$ TO SATISFY ALL !IR :IMS & FANCIES1 LEAV+ ! REMA9D] TO ! WORK+ CLASS1 ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE1 !N ! REGIME ( CAPITALISM W\LD BE ASSUR$ = A LONG TIME TO COME4'7#a#a7 

,! HA% ( ,RIC>DO1 ,M>X1 ,SISMONDI & ,RODB]TUS ?US IS TOPP$ ) ! DISCOV]Y ?AT CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION C\LD BE RADICALLY CUR$ ( OV]-PRODUCTION1 ?AT IT C\LD 'PROSP] & FL\RI%'1 9 ALL ET]NITY1 IF ! CAPITALI/S W\LD REFRA9 FROM CAPITALIZ+ !IR SURPLUS VALUE & W\LD MAKE A FREE GIFT TO ! WORK+ CLASS ( ! CORRESPOND+ P>T ( ! SURPLUS VALUE4 ,MEAN:ILE ! CAPITALI/S1 UNTIL !Y HAVE BECOME S5SIBLE 5\< TO ACCEPT ,VORONTSOV'S GOOD ADVICE1 EMPLOY O!R MEANS = ! ANNUAL DE/RUCTION ( A P>T ( !IR SURPLUS3 ,VALUE4 ,MOD]N MILIT>ISM1 AMONG O!RS1 IS ONE ( !SE APPROPRIATE MEASURES - & ?IS PRECISELY TO ! EXIT TO :I* ! BILLS ( MILIT>ISM1 >E FOOT$ BY ! CAPITALI/S' 9COME - = ,VORONTSOV CAN BE C\NT$ - UPON TO TURN ?+S UPSIDE D[N - & NOT BY ! WORK+ MASSES4 ,A PRIM>Y REM$Y = CAPITALISM1 H[EV]1 IS =EIGN TRADE :I* AGA9 IS A SORE SPOT 9 ,RUSSIAN CAPITALISM4 ,AS ! LA/ TO >RIVE AT ! TABLE ( ! WORLD M>KET1 ,RUSSIAN CAPITALISM F>ES WOR/ 9 ! COMPETITION ) OLD] CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES & ?US LACKS BO? PROSPECTS AS TO =EIGN M>KETS & ! MO/ VITAL CONDITIONS ( EXI/5CE4 ,RUSSIA REMA9S ! 'C\NTRY ( PEASANTS'1 A C\NTRY ( 'POPULI/' PRODUCTION4 

',IF ALL ?IS IS CORRECT1' ,VORONTSOV CONCLUDES HIS ESSAY ON ,! ,COMMODITY ,SURPLUS 9 ! ,SUPPLY ( ! ,M>KET1 '!N CAPITALISM CAN PLAY ONLY A LIMIT$ P>T 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,IT MU/ RESIGN FROM ! DIRECTION ( AGRICULTURE1 & ITS DEVELOPM5T 9 ! 9DU/RIAL SPH]E MU/ NOT 9FLICT TOO MANY 9JURIES UPON ! DOME/IC 9DU/RIES :I* UND] \R ECONOMIC CONDITIONS >E 9DISP5SABLE TO ! WELF>E ( ! MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION4 ,IF ! READ] W\LD COMM5T ?AT CAPITALISM MI<T NOT ACCEPT SU* A COMPROMISE1 \R ANSW] WILL BE3 SO MU* ! WORSE = CAPITALISM4' 

,?US ,VORONTSOV ULTIMATELY WA%ES HIS H&S ( ! :OLE ?+1 DECL9+ = HIS P>T ALL RESPONSIBILITY = ! FUR!R =TUNES ( ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T 9 ,RUSSIA4 

,FOOTNOTES 

7#a7 ,AN ESSAY 9 ,PATRIOTIC ,MEMOIRS1 ,MAY #a#h#h#c4 

7#b7 ,AN ESSAY 9 ! REVIEW ,RUSSIAN ,?\<T1 ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#h#i4 

7#c7 ,A BOOK PUBLI%$ 9 #a#h#i#c4 

7#d7 ,A BOOK PUBLI%$ 9 #a#h#i#e4 

7#e7,PATRIOTIC ,MEMOIRS1 VOL4V3 ,A ,CONTEMPOR>Y ,SURVEY1 P4#d4 

7#f7,IBID41 P4#a4 

7#g7,IBID41 P4#a#d4 

7#h7,\TL9ES ( ,ECONOMIC ,!ORY 7,/4 ,PET]SBURG #a#h#i#e71 PP4#a#e#gFF4 

7#i7,MILIT>ISM & ,CAPITALISM 9 ,RUSSIAN ,?\<T 7#a#h#h#i71 VOL4IX1 P4#g#h4 

7#a7,IBID41 P4#h4 

7#a#a7,IBID41 P4#h#c4 ,CF4 ,\TL9ES1 P4#a#i#f4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #f1 #bba 3 ,SECTION #b1 ,*APT] #ai -- ,ADD$4 

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