,SECTION #b1 ,*APT] #aa 
,HI/ORICAL ,EXPOSITION ( ! ,PROBLEM3 ,MACCULLO* VS4 ,SISMONDI 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

,S,I,S,M,O,N,D,I',S EMPHATIC W>N+S AGA9/ ! RU?LESS ASC5DANCY ( CAPITAL 9 ,EUROPE CALL$ =? SEV]E OPPOSITION ON ?REE SIDES3 9 ,5GL& ! S*OOL ( ,RIC>DO1 9 ,FRANCE ,J4,B4 ,SAY1 ! COMMONPLACE VULG>IZ] ( ,ADAM ,SMI?1 & ! ,/4 ,SIMONIANS4 ,:ILE ,[5 9 ,5GL&1 PR(\NDLY AW>E ( ! D>K ASPECTS ( ! 9DU/RIAL SY/EM & ( ! CRISES 9 P>TICUL>1 SAW EYE TO EYE ) ,SISMONDI 9 MANY RESPECTS1 ! S*OOL ( ?AT O!R GREAT ,EUROPEAN1 ,/4 ,SIMON1 :O HAD /RESS$ ! WORLD-EMBRAC+ CONCEPTION ( L>GE 9DU/RIAL EXPANSION1 ! UNLIMIT$ UNFOLD+ ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES ( HUMAN LABOR1 FELT P]TURB$ BY ,SISMONDI'S AL>MS4 ,H]E1 H[EV]1 WE >E 9T]E/$ 9 ! CONTROV]SY BETWE5 ,SISMONDI & ! ,RIC>DIANS :I* PROV$ ! MO/ FRUITFUL FROM ! !ORETICAL PO9T ( VIEW4 ,9 ! NAME ( ,RIC>DO1 &1 IT SEEM$1 ) ,RIC>DO'S P]SONAL APPROVAL1 ,MAC,CULLO* ANONYM\SLY PUBLI%$ A POLEMICAL >TICLE7#a7 AGA9/ ,SISMONDI 9 ! ,$9BUR< ,REVIEW 9 ,OCTOB] #a#h#a#i1 I4E4 IMM$IATELY AFT] ! PUBLICATION ( ! ,N\VEAUX ,PR9CIP ES4 

,9 #a#h#b1 ,SISMONDI REPLI$ 9 ,ROSSI'S ,ANNALES DE ,JURISPRUD5CE ) AN ESSAY 5TITL$3 ,DOES ! ,P[] ( ,CONSUM+ ,NECESS>ILY ,9CREASE ) ! ,P[] TO ,PRODUCE8 ,AN ,9QUIRY47#b7 

,9 HIS REPLY ,SISMONDI7#c7 HIMSELF /ATES ?AT HIS POLEMICS W]E CONCEIV$ UND] ! IMPACT ( ! COMM]CIAL CRISIS3 

',?IS TRU? WE >E BO? LOOK+ =1 IS ( UTMO/ IMPORTANCE UND] PRES5T CONDITIONS4 ,IT MAY BE CONSID]$ AS FUNDAM5TAL = ECONOMICS ,UNIV]SAL DI/RESS IS 9 EVID5CE 9 ! TRADE1 9 9DU/RY &1 9 MANY C\NTRIES C]TA9LY1 EV5 9 AGRICULTURE4 ,SU* PROLONG$ & EXTRAORD9>Y SUFF]+ HAS BR\<T MIS=TUNE TO C\NTLESS FAMILIES & 9SECURITY & DESPOND5CY TO ALL1 UNTIL IT ?REAT5S ! V]Y BASES ( ! SOCIAL ORD]4 ,TWO CONTRA/+ EXPLANATIONS HAVE BE5 ADVANC$ = ! DI/RESS ?AT HAS CAUS$ SU* A /IR4 ,SOME SAY3 WE HAVE PRODUC$ TOO MU*1 & O!RS3 WE HAVE NOT PRODUC$ 5\<4 0,!RE WILL BE NO EQUILIBRIUM10 SAY ! =M]1 0NO PEACE & NO PROSP]ITY UNTIL WE CONSUME ! 5TIRE COMMODITY SURPLUS :I* REMA9S UNSOLD ON ! M>KET1 UNTIL WE ORGANIZE PRODUCTION = ! FUTURE 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! BUY]S' DEM&40 - 0,!RE WILL BE A NEW EQUILIBRIUM10 SAY ! LATT]1 0IF ONLY WE D\BLE \R EF=TS TO ACCUMULATE AS WELL AS TO PRODUCE ,9S A MI/AKE TO BELIEVE ?AT !RE IS A GLUT ON ! M>KET2 NO MORE ?AN HALF \R W>EH\SES >E FULL2 LET US FILL ! O!R HALF1 TOO1 & ! MUTUAL EX*ANGE ( !SE NEW RI*ES WILL REVIVE \R TRADE40'7#d7 

,9 ?IS SUPREMELY LUCID WAY1 ,SISMONDI SETS \T & UND]L9ES ! REAL CRUX ( ! DISPUTE4 ,MAC,CULLO*'S :OLE POSITION 9 TRU? /&S OR FALLS ) ! /ATEM5T ?AT EX*ANGE IS ACTUALLY AN 9T]*ANGE ( COMMODITIES2 EV]Y COMMODITY ACCORD+LY REPRES5TS NOT ONLY SUPPLY BUT DEM&4 ,! DIALOGUE !N CONT9UES AS FOLL[S3 

',DEM& & SUPPLY >E TRULY CORRELATIVE & CONV]TIBLE T]MS4 ,! SUPPLY ( ONE SET ( COMMODITIES CON/ITUTES ! DEM& = ANO!R4 ,?US1 !RE IS A DEM& = A GIV5 QUANTITY ( AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE1 :5 A QUANTITY ( WR\<T GOODS EQUAL !RETO 9 PRODUCTIVE CO/ IS (F]$ 9 EX*ANGE = IT2 & CONV]SELY1 !RE IS AN EFFECTUAL DEM& = ?IS QUANTITY ( WR\<T GOODS1 :5 ! SUPPLY ( AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE :I* IT REQUIR$ ! SAME EXP5SE TO RAISE1 IS PRES5T$ AS ITS EQUIVAL5T4'7#e7 

,! ,RIC>DIAN'S DODGE IS OBVI\S3 HE HAS *OS5 TO IGNORE ! CIRCULATION ( MONEY & TO PRET5D ?AT COMMODITIES >E IMM$IATELY B\<T & PAID = BY COMMODITIES4 

,FROM ! CONDITIONS ( HI<LY DEVELOP$ CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 WE >E ?US SUDD5LY TAK5 TO A /AGE ( PRIMITIVE B>T] SU* AS WE MI<T F9D /ILL FL\RI%+ AT PRES5T 9 ,C5TRAL ,AFRICA4 ,!RE IS A DI/ANT ELEM5T ( TRU? 9 ?IS TRICK S9CE MONEY1 9 A SIMPLE CIRCULATION ( COMMODITIES1 PLAYS M]ELY ! P>T ( AN AG5T4 ,BUT ( C\RSE1 IT IS JU/ ! 9T]V5TION ( AN AG5T :I* SEP>ATES ! TWO TRANSACTIONS ( CIRCULATION1 SALE & PUR*ASE1 & MAKES !M 9DEP5D5T ( ONE ANO!R 9 RESPECT ( BO? TIME & PLACE4 ,?AT IS :Y A FUR!R PUR*ASE NE$ NOT FOLL[ H>D UPON A SALE = ONE ?+2 & SECONDLY1 SALE & PUR*ASE >E BY NO MEANS B\ND UP ) ! SAME PEOPLE3 9 FACT1 !Y WILL 9VOLVE ! SAME P]=M]S ONLY 9 R>E & EXCEPTIONAL CASES4 ,MAC,CULLO*1 H[EV]1 MAKES JU/ ?IS BASELESS ASSUMPTION BY CONFRONT+1 AS BUY] & SELL]1 9DU/RY ON ! ONE H& & AGRICULTURE ON ! O!R4 ,! UNIV]SALITY ( !SE CATEGORIES1 QUA TOTAL CATEGORIES ( EX*ANGE1 OBSCURES ! ACTUAL SPLITT+ UP ( ?IS SOCIAL DIVISION ( LABOR :I* RESULTS 9 9NUM]ABLE PRIVATE EX*ANGE TRANSACTIONS :]E ! SALE & PUR*ASE ( TWO COMMODITIES R>ELY COME TO ! SAME ?+4 ,MAC,CULLO*'S SIMPLIFI$ CONCEPTION ( COMMODITY EX*ANGE 9 G5]AL :I* IMM$IATELY TURNS ! COMMODITY1 9TO MONEY & PRET5DS ?AT IT CAN BE DIRECTLY EX*ANG$1 MAKES IT IMPOSSIBLE TO UND]/& ! ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE ( MONEY1 ITS HI/ORICAL APPE>ANCE4 

,SISMONDI'S ANSW] TO ?IS IS REGRETTABLY CLUMSY4 ,9 ORD] TO %[ ?AT ,MAC,CULLO*'S EXPLANATION ( COMMODITY EX*ANGE HAS NO APPLICATION = CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 HE TAKES REC\RSE TO ! ,LEIPZIG ,BOOK ,FAIR47#f7 

',AT ! ,BOOK ,FAIR ( ,LEIPZIG1 BOOKSELL]S FROM ALL OV] ,G]MANY >RIVE1 EA* ) F\R OR FIVE PUBLICATIONS ( HIS [N 9 SOME #d OR #e DOZ5 COPIES2 !SE >E EX*ANG$ = O!RS & EV]Y SELL] TAKES HOME #b DOZ5 BOOKS1 JU/ AS HE HAS BR\<T #b DOZ51 ) ! SOLE DIFF]5CE1 ?AT HE BR\<T F\R DIFF]5T WORKS & TAKES HOME #b4 ,?IS IS ! DEM& & ! PRODUCTION :I*1 ACCORD+ TO ,M4 ,RIC>DO'S DISCIPLE1 >E CORRELATIVE & CONV]TIBLE2 ONE BUYS ! O!R1 ONE PAYS = ! O!R1 ONE IS ! CONSEQU5CE ( ! O!R4 ,BUT AS F> AS WE >E CONC]N$1 = ! BOOKSELL] & = ! G5]AL PUBLIC1 DEM& & CONSUMPTION HAVE NOT EV5 BEGUN4 ,= ALL ?AT IT HAS *ANG$ H&S AT ,LEIPZIG1 A BAD BOOK WILL /ILL BE JU/ AS UNSOLD 7A BAD MI/AKE ( ,SISMONDI'S1 ?IS671 IT WILL /ILL CLUTT] UP ! M]*ANTS' %OPS1 EI!R BECAUSE NOBODY WANTS IT1 OR BECAUSE EV]YONE HAS A COPY ALREADY4 ,! BOOKS EX*ANG$ AT ,LEIPZIG WILL ONLY SELL IF ! BOOKSELL]S CAN F9D 9DIVIDUALS :O NOT ONLY WANT !M BUT >E ALSO PREP>$ TO MAKE SACRIFICES 9 ORD] TO )DRAW !M FROM CIRCULATION4 ,!Y ALONE CON/ITUTE AN EFFECTIVE DEM&4'7#g7 

,AL?\< ?IS EXAMPLE IS RA!R CRUDE1 IT %[S CLE>LY ?AT ,SISMONDI WAS NOT SIDE-TRACK$ BY HIS OPPON5T'S TRICK1 ?AT HE KN[S AFT] ALL :AT HE IS TALK+ AB\T4 

,MAC,CULLO* !N ATTEMPTS TO TURN ! EXAM9ATION FROM AB/RACT COMMODITY EX*ANGE TO CONCRETE SOCIAL CONDITIONS3 

',SUPPOS+1 = ! SAKE ( ILLU/RATION1 ?AT A CULTIVATOR ADVANC$ FOOD & CLO?+ = #a LABOR]S1 :O RAIS$ = HIM FOOD = #b2 :ILE A MA/]-MANUFACTUR] ALSO ADVANC$ FOOD & CLO?+ = #a1 :O FABRICAT$ = HIM CLO?+ = #b4 ,!N ! F>M]1 BESIDES REPLAC+ ! FOOD ( HIS [N LABOR]S1 W\LD HAVE FOOD = #a TO DISPOSE (1 :ILE ! MANUFACTUR]1 AFT] REPLAC+ ! CLO?+ ( HIS [N LABOR]S1 W\LD HAVE CLO?+ = #a TO BR+ TO M>KET4 ,9 ?IS CASE1 ! TWO >TICLES W\LD BE EX*ANG$ AGA9/ EA* O!R1 ! SUPPLY ( FOOD CON/ITUT+ ! DEM& = ! CLO?+1 & ?AT ( ! CLO?+ ! DEM& = ! FOOD4'7#h7 

,:AT >E WE TO ADMIRE MORE 9 ?IS HYPO!SIS3 ! ABSURDITY ( ! SET-UP :I* REV]SES ALL ACTUAL RELATIONS1 OR ! EFFRONT]Y :I* SIMPLY TAKES = GRANT$ 9 ! PREMISES ALL ?AT IS LAT] CLAIM$ PROV58 ,9 ORD] TO PROVE ?AT IT IS ALWAYS POSSIBLE TO CREATE AN UNLIMIT$ DEM& = ALL K9DS ( GOODS1 ,MAC,CULLO* *OOSES = HIS EXAMPLE TWO COMMODITIES :I* P]TA9 TO ! MO/ URG5T & ELEM5T>Y WANTS ( EV]Y HUMAN BE+3 FOOD & CLO?+4 ,9 ORD] TO PROVE ?AT COMMODITIES MAY BE EX*ANG$ AT ANY TIME1 & )\T REG>D TO ! NE$S ( SOCIETY1 HE *OOSES = HIS EXAMPLE TWO PRODUCTS 9 QUANTITIES :I* >E RI<T FROM ! />T 9 /RICT CON=MITY ) !SE NE$S1 & :I* !RE=E CONTA9 NO SURPLUS AS F> AS SOCIETY IS CONC]N$4 ,& YET HE CALLS ?IS QUANTITY NE$$ BY SOCIETY A SURPLUS - VIZ4 AS MEASUR$ AGA9/ ! PRODUC]'S P]SONAL REQUIREM5TS = HIS [N PRODUCT1 & IS CONSEQU5TLY ABLE TO DEMON/RATE BRILLIANTLY ?AT ANY AM\NT ( COMMODITY 'SURPLUS' CAN BE EX*ANG$ = A CORRESPOND+ 'SURPLUS' ( O!R COMMODITIES4 ,F9ALLY1 9 ORD] TO PROVE ?AT DIFF]5T PRIVATELY PRODUC$ COMMODITIES CAN YET BE EX*ANG$1 AL?\< !IR QUANTITY1 PRODUCTION CO/S & SOCIAL IMPORTANCE MU/ ( C\RSE BE DIFF]5T1 HE *OOSES = HIS EXAMPLE COMMODITIES :OSE QUANTITY1 PRODUCTION CO/ & G5]AL SOCIAL NECESSITY >E PRECISELY ! SAME RI<T FROM ! />T4 ,9 %ORT1 ,MAC,CULLO* POSITS A PLANN$1 /RICTLY REGULAT$ PRODUCTION )\T ANY OV]PRODUCTION 9 ORD] TO PROVE ?AT NO CRISIS IS POSSIBLE 9 AN UNPLANN$ PRIVATE ECONOMY4 

,! PR9CIPAL JOKE ( CANNY ,MAC1 H[EV]1 LIES ELSE:]E4 ,:AT IS AT ISSUE IS ! PROBLEM ( ACCUMULATION4 ,SISMONDI WAS WORRI$ BY1 & WORRI$ ,RIC>DO & HIS FOLL[]S )1 ! FOLL[+ QUE/ION3 IF P>T ( ! SURPLUS VALUE IS CAPITALIZ$1 I4E4 US$ TO EXP& PRODUCTION OV] & ABOVE ! 9COME ( SOCIETY1 9/EAD ( BE+ PRIVATELY CONSUM$ BY ! CAPITALI/S1 :]E >E WE TO F9D BUY]S = ! COMMODITY SURPLUS8 ,:AT WILL BECOME ( ! CAPITALIZ$ SURPLUS VALUE8 ,:O WILL BUY ! COMMODITIES 9 :I* IT IS HIDD58 ,?US ,SISMONDI & ! FL[] ( ,RIC>DO'S S*OOL1 ITS (FICIAL REPRES5TATIVE ON ! ,*AIR ( ,LONDON ,UNIV]SITY1 ! AU?ORITY = ! !N ,5GLI% ,M9I/]S ( ! ,LIB]AL ,P>TY & = ! ,CITY ( ,LONDON1 ! GREAT ,MR4 ,MAC,CULLO* REPLIES - BY CON/RUCT+ AN EXAMPLE 9 :I* NO SURPLUS VALUE :ATEV] IS PRODUC$4 ,HIS 'CAPITALI/S' SLAVE AWAY 9 AGRICULTURE & 9DU/RY 9 ! NAME ( *>ITY1 & ALL ! TIME ! 5TIRE SOCIAL PRODUCT1 9CLUD+ ! 'SURPLUS' IS ONLY 5\< = ! NE$S ( ! WORK]S1 = ! WAGES1 :ILE ! 'F>M]' & 'MANUFACTURE' SEE TO PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE )\T FOOD & CLO?+4 

,SISMONDI1 JU/LY IMPATI5T1 N[ EXCLAIMS3 ',! MOM5T WE WANT TO F9D \T :AT IS TO CON/ITUTE ! SURPLUS ( PRODUCTION OV] CONSUMPTION ( ! WORK]S1 IT WILL NOT DO TO AB/RACT FROM ?AT SURPLUS :I* =MS ! DUE PR(IT ( LABOR & ! DUE %>E ( ! MA/]4'7#i7 

,MAC,CULLO*'S ONLY REACTION IS TO MULTIPLY HIS SILLY >GUM5T BY A ?\S&4 ,HE ASKS ! READ] TO ASSUME '#a1 F>M]S'1 & 'ALSO #a1 MA/]-MANUFACTUR]S' ALL ACT+ AS +5U\SLY AS ! 9DIVIDUALS4 ,! EX*ANGE1 !N1 PROCE$S AS SMOO?LY AS CAN BE DESIR$4 ,F9ALLY1 HE EXACTLY D\BLES LABOR PRODUCTIVITY '9 CONSEQU5CE ( MORE SKILLFUL APPLICATION ( LABOR & ( ! 9TRODUCTION ( MA*9]Y - ?US ?AT EV]Y ONE ( ! #a1 F>M]S1 BY ADVANC+ FOOD & CLO?+ = #a LABOR]S1 OBTA9S A RETURN CONSI/+ ( ORD9>Y FOOD = #b TOGE!R ) SUG>1 GRAPES & TOBACCO EQUAL 9 PRODUCTION CO/ TO ?AT FOOD'1 :ILE EV]Y MANUFACTUR] OBTA9S1 BY AN ANALOG\S PROC$URE1 9 ADDITION TO ! PREVI\S QUANTITY ( CLO?+ = ALL WORK]S1 'RIBB&S1 CAMBRICS & LACE1 EQUAL 9 PRODUCTIVE CO/1 & !RE=E 9 EX*ANGEABLE VALUE1 TO ?AT CLO?+'47#a7 ,AFT] SU* COMPLETE REV]SAL ( ! *RONOLOGICAL ORD]1 ! ASSUMPTION1 ?AT IS1 ( FIR/ ! EXI/5CE ( PRIVATE PROP]TY ) WAGE LABOR1 & !N1 AT A LAT] /AGE1 SU* LEVEL ( LABOR PRODUCTIVITY AS MAKES EXPLOITATION POSSIBLE AT ALL1 HE N[ ASSUMES LABOR PRODUCTIVITY TO PROGRESS ) EQUAL SPE$ 9 ALL SPH]ES1 ! SURPLUS PRODUCT TO CONTA9 PRECISELY ! SAME AM\NT ( VALUE 9 ALL BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY1 & TO BE DIVID$ AMONG PRECISELY ! SAME NUMB] ( PEOPLE4 ,:5 !SE V>I\S SURPLUS PRODUCTS >E !N EX*ANG$ AGA9/ ONE ANO!R1 IS IT ANY WOND] ?AT ! EX*ANGE PROCE$S SMOO?LY & COMPLETELY TO EV]YBODY'S SATISFACTION8 ,IT IS ONLY ANO!R ( HIS MANY ABSURDITIES ?AT ,MAC,CULLO* MAKES ! CAPITALI/S :O HAD HI!RTO LIV$ ON AIR & EX]CIS$ !IR PR(ESSION 9 !IR BIR?DAY SUITS1 N[ LIVE EXCLUSIVELY ON SUG>1 TOBACCO & W9E1 & >RAY !MSELVES ONLY 9 RIBBONS1 CAMBRICS & LACE4 

,! MO/ RIDICUL\S P]=MANCE1 H[EV]1 IS ! VOLTE-FACE BY :I* HE EVADES ! REAL PROBLEM4 ,! QUE/ION HAD BE5 :AT HAPP5S TO ! CAPITALI/ SURPLUS1 ?AT SURPLUS :I* IS US$ NOT = ! CAPITALI/'S [N CONSUMPTION BUT = ! EXPANSION ( PRODUCTION4 ,MAC,CULLO* SOLVES IT ON ! ONE H& BY IGNOR+ ! PRODUCTION ( SURPLUS VALUE ALTOGE!R1 & ON ! O!R1 BY US+ ALL SURPLUS VALUE 9 ! PRODUCTION ( LUXURY GOODS4 ,:AT BUY]S1 !N1 DOES HE ADVANCE = ?IS NEW LUXURY PRODUCTION8 ,! CAPITALI/S1 EVID5TLY2 ! F>M]S & MANUFACTUR]S1 S9CE1 AP>T FROM !SE1 !RE >E ONLY WORK]S 9 ,MAC,CULLO*'S MODEL4 ,?US ! 5TIRE SURPLUS VALUE IS CONSUM$ = ! P]SONAL SATISFACTION ( ! CAPITALI/S1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 SIMPLE REPRODUCTION TAKES PLACE4 ,! ANSW] TO ! PROBLEM ( ! CAPITALIZATION ( SURPLUS VALUE IS1 ACCORD+ TO ,MAC,CULLO*1 EI!R TO IGNORE SURPLUS VALUE ALTOGE!R1 OR TO ASSUME SIMPLE REPRODUCTION 9/EAD ( ACCUMULATION AS SOON AS SURPLUS VALUE COMES 9TO BE+4 ,HE /ILL PRET5DS TO SPEAK ( EXP&+ REPRODUCTION1 BUT AGA91 AS BE=E :5 HE PRET5D$ TO DEAL ) ! 'SURPLUS'1 HE USES A TRICK1 VIZ4 FIR/ SETT+ \T AN IMPOSSIBLE SPECIES ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION )\T ANY SURPLUS VALUE1 & !N P]SUAD+ ! READ] ?AT ! SUBSEQU5T DEBUT ( ! SURPLUS VALUE CON/ITUTES AN EXPANSION ( PRODUCTION4 

,SISMONDI IS NOT QUITE UP TO !SE ,SCOTTI% ACROBATICS4 ,HE HAD UP TO N[ SUCCE$$ 9 P9N+ HIS ,MAC D[N1 PROV+ HIM TO BE 'OBVI\SLY ABSURD'4 ,BUT N[ HE HIMSELF BECOMES CONFUS$ ) REG>D TO ! CRUCIAL PO9T AT ISSUE4 ,ON ! ABOVE RANT+S ( HIS OPPON5T1 HE %\LD HAVE DECL>$ COLDLY3 ,SIR1 ) ALL RESPECT = ! FLEXIBILITY ( Y\R M9D1 Y\ >E DODG+ ! ISSUE4 ,I KEEP ON ASK+1 :O WILL BUY ! SURPLUS PRODUCT1 IF ! CAPITALI/S USE IT = ! PURPOSE ( ACCUMULATION1 I4E4 TO EXP& PRODUCTION1 9/EAD ( SQU&]+ IT ALTOGE!R8 ,& Y\ REPLY3 ,OH WELL1 !Y WILL EXP& !IR PRODUCTION ( LUXURY GOODS1 :I* !Y WILL1 ( C\RSE1 EAT UP !MSELVES4 ,BUT ?IS IS A CONJUR+ TRICK1 SEE+ ?AT ! CAPITALI/S CONSUME ! SURPLUS VALUE 9 SO F> AS !Y SP5D IT ON !IR LUXURIES - !Y DO NOT ACCUMULATE AT ALL4 ,MY QUE/ION IS AB\T ! POSSIBILITY ( ACCUMULATION1 NOT :E!R ! P]SONAL LUXURIES ( ! CAPITALI/S >E POSSIBLE4 ,ANSW] ?IS CLE>LY1 IF Y\ CAN1 OR ELSE GO PLAY ) Y\R W9E & TOBACCO1 OR GO TO BLAZES = ALL ,I C>E4 

,BUT ,SISMONDI1 9/EAD ( PUTT+ ! SCREWS ON ! VULG>IZ]1 SUDD5LY BEG9S TO MORALIZE ) PA?OS & SOCIAL CONSCI5CE4 ,HE EXCLAIMS3 ',:OSE DEM&8 ,:OSE SATISFACTION8 ,! MA/]S OR ! WORK]S 9 T[N OR C\NTRY8 ,ON ?IS NEW CONCEPTION .<( ,MAC'S.> !RE IS A SURPLUS ( PRODUCTS1 AN ADVANTAGE FROM LABOR - TO :OM WILL IT ACCRUE8'7#a#a7 & GIVES HIS [N ANSW] 9 ! FOLL[+ IMPASSION$ WORDS3 

',BUT WE KN[ FULL WELL1 & ! HI/ORY ( ! COMM]CIAL WORLD TEA*ES US ALL TOO ?OR\<LY1 ?AT IT IS NOT ! WORK] :O PR(ITS FROM ! 9CREASE 9 PRODUCTS & LABOR2 HIS PAY IS NOT 9 ! LEA/ SWELL$ BY IT4 ,M4 ,RIC>DO HIMSELF SAID =M]LY ?AT IT \<T NOT TO BE1 UNLESS Y\ WANT ! SOCIAL WEAL? TO /OP GR[+4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 SORRY EXP]I5CE TEA*ES US ?AT WAGES NE>LY ALWAYS CONTRACT BY V]Y REASON ( ?IS 9CREASE4 ,:]E1 !N1 DOES ! ACCUMULATION ( WEAL? MAKE ITSELF FELT AS A PUBLIC B5EFIT8 ,\R AU?OR ASSUMES #a1 F>M]S :O PR(IT1 :ILE #a1 WORK]S TOIL2 #a1 5TREPR5EURS :O WAX RI*1 :ILE #a1 >TISANS >E KEPT UND] !IR O!RS4 ,:ATEV] GOOD MAY RESULT FROM ! ACCUMULATION ( ! FRIVOL\S 5JOYM5T ( LUXURIES IS ONLY FELT BY A #a? P>T ( ! NATION4 ,& WILL ?IS #a? P>T1 CALL$ UPON TO CONSUME ! 5TIRE SURPLUS PRODUCT ( ! :OLE WORK+ CLASS1 BE ADEQUATE TO A PRODUCTION ?AT MAY GR[ )\T LET OR H9DRANCE1 [+ TO PROGRESS ( MA*9]Y & CAPITALS8 ,9 ! ASSUMPTION MADE BY ! AU?OR1 EV]Y TIME ! NATIONAL PRODUCT IS D\BL$1 ! MA/] ( ! F>M OR ( ! FACTORY MU/ 9CREASE HIS CONSUMPTION A HUNDR$FOLD2 IF ! NATIONAL WEAL? TO-DAY1 ?ANKS TO ! 9V5TION ( SO MANY MA*9ES1 IS A HUNDR$ TIMES :AT IT WAS :5 IT ONLY COV]$ ! CO/ ( PRODUCTION1 EV]Y EMPLOY] W\LD TO-DAY HAVE TO CONSUME 5\< PRODUCTS TO SUPPORT #a1 WORK]S4'7#a#b7 

,AT ?IS PO9T ,SISMONDI AGA9 BELIEVES HIMSELF TO HAVE A FIRM GRASP ON H[ CRISES BEG9 TO >ISE3 

',WE MI<T IMAG9E1 IF PUT TO IT1 ?AT A RI* MAN CAN CONSUME ! GOODS MANUFACTUR$ BY #a1 WORK]S1 ?IS BE+ ! FATE ( ! RIBBONS1 LACE & CAMBRICS :OSE ORIG9 ! AU?OR HAS %[N US4 ,BUT A S+LE 9DIVIDUAL W\LD NOT KN[ H[ TO CONSUME AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS TO ! SAME TUNE1 ! W9ES1 SUG> & SPICES :I* ,M4 ,RIC>DO .<:OM ,SISMONDI EVID5TLY SUSPECT$ ( HAV+ WRITT5 ! >TICLE S9CE HE ONLY GOT TO KN[ ',ANONYM\S' ( ! ,$9BUR< ,REVIEW AT A LAT] DATE.> CONJURES UP 9 EX*ANGE1 >E TOO MU* = ! TABLE ( ONE MAN4 ,!Y WILL NOT SELL1 OR ELSE ! /RICT PROPORTION BETWE5 AGRICULTURAL & 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTS1 APP>5TLY ! BASIS ( HIS :OLE SY/EM1 CANNOT BE MA9TA9$4'7#a#c7 

,SISMONDI1 WE SEE1 HAS ?US FALL5 9TO ,MAC,CULLO*'S TRAP4 ,9/EAD ( WAIV+ AN ANSW] TO ! PROBLEM ( ACCUMULATION :I* REF]S TO ! PRODUCTION ( LUXURIES1 HE PURSUES HIS OPPON5T 9TO ?IS FIELD )\T NOTIC+ ?AT ! GR\ND UND] HIS FEET HAS %IFT$4 ,H]E HE F9DS TWO CAUSES = COMPLA9T4 ,= ONE ?+1 HE HAS MORAL OBJECTIONS TO ,MAC,CULLO*'S ALL[+ ! CAPITALI/S 9/EAD ( ! WORK]S TO B5EFIT BY ! SURPLUS VALUE1 & IS SIDE-TRACK$ 9TO POLEMIZ+ AGA9/ DI/RIBUTION UND] CAPITALISM4 ,FROM ?IS DIGRESSION1 HE UNEXPECT$LY REV]TS TO ! ORIG9AL PROBLEM :I* HE N[ =MULATES AS FOLL[S3 ! CAPITALI/S1 !N1 CONSUME ! 5TIRE SURPLUS VALUE 9 LUXURIES4 ,LET IT BE SO4 ,BUT C\LD ANYONE 9CREASE HIS CONSUMPTION AS RAPIDLY & 9DEF9ITELY AS ! PROGRESS ( LABOR PRODUCTIVITY MAKES ! SURPLUS VALUE 9CREASE8 ,& 9 ?IS SECOND 9/ANCE1 ,SISMONDI HIMSELF AB&ONS HIS [N PROBLEM4 ,9/EAD ( P]CEIV+ ?AT IT IS ! LACK ( CONSUM]S O!R ?AN WORK]S & CAPITALI/S :I* ACC\NTS = ! DIFFICULTY 9 CAPITALI/ ACCUMULATION1 HE DISCOV]S A SNAG 9 SIMPLE REPRODUCTION BECAUSE ! CAPITALI/S' CAPACITY TO CONSUME HAS PHYSICAL LIMITS4 ,S9CE ! ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY ( ! CAPITALI/S = LUXURIES CANNOT KEEP UP ) LABOR PRODUCTIVITY1 ?AT IS TO SAY ) ! 9CREASE 9 SURPLUS VALUE1 !RE MU/ BE CRISES & OV]-PRODUCTION4 ,WE HAVE 5C\NT]$ ?IS L9E ( ?\<T ONCE BE=E 9 ! ,N\VEAUX ,PR9CIPES - SO ,SISMONDI HIMSELF WAS MANIFE/LY NOT QUITE CLE> AB\T ! PROBLEM AT ALL TIMES4 ,& ?AT IS H>DLY SURPRIS+1 S9CE ONE CAN REALLY COME TO GRIPS ) ! :OLE PROBLEM ( ACCUMULATION ONLY :5 ONE HAS FULLY GRASP$ ! PROBLEM ( SIMPLE REPRODUCTION1 & WE HAVE SE5 H[ MU* ,SISMONDI WAS AT FAULT 9 ?IS RESPECT4 

,YET 9 SPITE ( ALL ?IS1 ! FIR/ TIME ?AT ,SISMONDI CROSS$ SWORDS ) ! HEIRS ( ! CLASSICAL S*OOL1 HE PROV$ HIMSELF BY NO MEANS ! WEAK] P>TY4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 9 ! 5D HE R\T$ HIS OPPON5T4 ,IF ,SISMONDI MISUND]/OOD ! MO/ ELEM5T>Y PR9CIPLES ( SOCIAL REPRODUCTION & IGNOR$ CON/ANT CAPITAL1 QUITE 9 KEEP+ ) ,ADAM ,SMI?'S DOGMA1 HE WAS 9 ?IS RESPECT NO WORSE AT ANY RATE ?AN HIS OPPON5T4 ,CON/ANT CAPITAL DOES NOT EXI/ = ,MAC,CULLO* EI!R1 HIS F>M]S & MANUFACTUR]S 'ADVANCE' M]ELY FOOD & CLO?+ TO !IR WORK]S1 & FOOD & CLO?+ BETWE5 !M MAKE UP ! AGGREGATE PRODUCT ( SOCIETY4 ,IF !RE IS1 !N1 NO?+ TO *OOSE BETWE5 ! TWO AS F> AS ?IS ELEM5T>Y BLUND] IS CONC]N$1 ,SISMONDI T[]S HEADS ABOVE ,MAC BECAUSE ( HIS 9TUITIVE UND]/&+ ( ! CONTRADICTIONS 9 ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION4 ,9 ! 5D1 ! ,RIC>DIAN WAS AT A LOSS TO ANSW] ,SISMONDI'S SKEPTICISM CONC]N+ ! POSSIBILITY ( REALIZ+ ! SURPLUS VALUE4 ,SISMONDI ALSO %[S HIMSELF MORE P5ETRAT+ 9 ?AT HE ?R[S ! ,NOTT+HAM PROLET>IANS' CRY ( DI/RESS 9 ! TEE? ( ! APO/LES & APOLOGI/S ( H>MONY ) !IR SMUG COMPLAC5CY1 ( ?OSE :O D5Y 'ANY SURPLUS ( PRODUCTION OV] DEM&1 ANY CONGE/ION ( ! M>KET1 ANY SUFF]+'1 :5 HE PROVES ?AT ! 9TRODUCTION ( ! MA*9E MU/ ( NECESSITY CREATE A 'SUP]ABUNDANT POPULATION'1 & P>TICUL>LY 9 ! 5D1 :5 HE UND]L9ES ! T5D5CY ( ! CAPITALI/ WORLD M>KET 9 G5]AL ) ITS 9H]5T CONTRADICTIONS4 ,MAC,CULLO* D5IES \TRI<T ?AT G5]AL OV]-PRODUCTION IS POSSIBLE4 ,HE HAS A SPECIFIC = EV]Y P>TIAL OV]-PRODUCTION UP HIS SLEEVE3 

',IT MAY BE OBJECT$1 P]HAPS1 ?AT ON ! PR9CIPLE ?AT ! DEM& = COMMODITIES 9CREASES 9 ! SAME RATIO AS !IR SUPPLY1 !RE IS NO ACC\NT+ = ! GLUTS & /AGNATION PRODUC$ BY OV]TRAD+4 ,WE ANSW] V]Y EASILY - ,A GLUT IS AN 9CREASE 9 ! SUPPLY ( A P>TICUL> CLASS ( COMMODITIES1 UNACCOMPANI$ BY A CORRESPOND+ 9CREASE 9 ! SUPPLY ( ?OSE O!R COMMODITIES :I* %\LD S]VE AS !IR EQUIVAL5TS4 ,:ILE \R #a1 F>M]S & #a1 MA/]-MANUFACTUR]S >E EX*ANG+ !IR RESPECTIVE SURPLUS PRODUCTS1 & RECIPROCALLY AF=D+ A M>KET TO EA* O!R1 IF #a1 NEW CAPITALI/S W]E TO JO9 !IR SOCIETY1 EMPLOY+ EA* #a LABOR]S 9 TILLAGE1 !RE W\LD BE AN IMM$IATE GLUT 9 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE BECAUSE 9 ?IS CASE !RE W\LD BE NO CONTEMPORANE\S 9CREASE 9 ! SUPPLY ( ! MANUFACTUR$ >TICLES :I* %\LD PUR*ASE IT4 ,BUT LET ONE HALF ( ! NEW CAPITALI/S BECOME MANUFACTUR]S1 & EQUIVAL5TS 9 ! =M ( WR\<T GOODS WILL BE CREAT$ = ! NEW PRODUCE RAIS$ BY ! O!R HALF3 ! EQUILIBRIUM WILL BE RE/OR$1 & ! #a1#e F>M]S & #a1#e MA/]-MANUFACTUR]S WILL EX*ANGE !IR RESPECTIVE SURPLUS PRODUCTS ) EXACTLY ! SAME FACILITY ) :I* ! #a1 F>M]S & #a1 MANUFACTUR]S =M]LY EX*ANG$ !IRS4'7#a#d7 

,SISMONDI ANSW]S ?IS BUFFOON]Y :I* 'V]Y EASILY' POKES AB\T 9 A FOG1 BY PO9T+ TO ! REAL *ANGES & REVOLUTIONS :I* TAKE PLACE BE=E HIS [N EYES4 

',IT WAS POSSIBLE TO PUT B>B>\S C\NTRIES UND] ! PL[1 & POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS1 *ANGES 9 ! F9ANCIAL SY/EM1 & PEACE1 AT ONCE BR\<T C>GOES TO ! PORTS ( ! OLD AGRICULTURAL C\NTRIES :I* ALMO/ EQUAL$ !IR 5TIRE H>VE/4 ,! REC5T ,RUSSIAN CONQUE/ ( ! VA/ PROV9CES ON ! ,BLACK ,SEA1 ! *ANGE 9 ! SY/EM ( GOV]NM5T 9 ,EGYPT1 & ! \TLAW+ ( PIRACY 9 ,HI< ,B>B>Y1 HAVE SUDD5LY P\R$ ! GRAN>IES ( ,ODESSA1 ,ALEX&RIA & ,TUNIS 9TO ! ,ITALIAN PORTS & HAVE PUT SU* AN ABUNDANCE ( CORN ON ! M>KETS ?AT ALL ALONG ! COA/S ! F>M]'S TRADE IS FI<T+ A LOS+ BATTLE4 ,NOR IS ! REMA9D] ( ,EUROPE SAFE FROM A SIMIL> REVOLUTION1 CAUS$ BY ! SIMULTANE\S PL[+ UND] ( IMM5SE EXPANSES ( NEW L& ON ! BANKS ( ! ,MISSISSIPPI1 :I* EXPORT ALL !IR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE4 ,EV5 ! 9FLU5CE ( ,NEW ,HOLL& MAY ONE DAY BE ! RU9 ( ,5GLI% 9DU/RY1 IF NOT 9 ! PRICE ( FOOD/UFFS1 :I* >E TOO EXP5SIVE TO TRANSPORT1 AT LEA/ 9 RESPECT ( WOOL & O!R AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS :I* >E EASI] TO TRANSPORT4'7#a#e7 

,:AT W\LD ,MAC,CULLO* HAVE TO ADVISE 9 VIEW ( SU* AN AGR>IAN CRISIS 9 ,S\!RN ,EUROPE8 ,?AT HALF ! NEW F>M]S %\LD TURN MANUFACTUR]4 ,:]EUPON ,SISMONDI C\NT]S3 

',SU* C\NSEL CANNOT S]I\SLY APPLY TO ! ,T>T>S ( ! ,CRIMEA OR TO ! FELLAHE5 ( ,EGYPT4' 

,& HE ADDS 

',! TIME IS NOT YET RIPE TO SET UP NEW 9DU/RIES 9 ! REGIONS OV]SEAS OR 9 ,NEW ,HOLL&4'7#a#f7 

,SISMONDI'S ACUITY RECOGNIZ$ ?AT 9DU/RIALIZATION ( ! L&S OV]SEAS WAS ONLY A MATT] ( TIME4 ,HE WAS EQUALLY AW>E ( ! FACT ?AT ! EXPANSION ( ! WORLD M>KET W\LD NOT BR+ ) IT ! SOLUTION TO ! DIFFICULTY BUT W\LD ONLY REPRODUCE IT 9 A HI<] DEGREE1 9 YET MORE POT5T CRISES4 ,HIS PR$ICTION = ! EXPANSIVE T5D5CY ( CAPITALISM IS ?AT IT WILL REVEAL AN ASPECT ( FI]C] & FI]C] COMPETITION1 ( M\NT+ AN>*Y )9 PRODUCTION ITSELF4 ,9DE$1 HE PUTS HIS F+] ON ! FUNDAM5TAL CAUSES ( CRISES 9 A PASSAGE :]E HE /ATES ! TR5D ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION PRECISELY AS SURPASS+ ALL LIMITS ( ! M>KET4 ,AT ! 5D ( HIS REPLY TO ,MAC,CULLO* HE SAYS3 

',TIME & AGA9 IT HAS BE5 PROCLAIM$ ?AT ! EQUILIBRIUM WILL REE/ABLI% ITSELF1 ?AT WORK WILL />T AGA91 BUT A S+LE DEM& EA* TIME PROVIDES AN IMPETUS 9 EXCESS ( ! REAL NE$S ( TRADE1 & ?IS NEW ACTIVITY1 MU/ SOON BE FOLL[$ BY A YET MORE PA9FUL GLUT4'7#a#g7 

,TO SU* A PR(\ND GRASP ( ! REAL CONTRADICTIONS 9 ! MOVEM5TS ( CAPITAL1 ! VULG>US ON ! ,*AIR ( ,LONDON ,UNIV]SITY ) HIS H>MONY1 CANT & HIS C\NTRY-DANCE ( #a1 B]IBBON$ F>M]S & #a1 BIBUL\S MANUFACTUR]S C\LD F9D NO EFFECTIVE ANSW]4 

,FOOTNOTES 

7#a7 ,! >TICLE 9 ! ,$9BUR< ,REVIEW WAS REALLY DIRECT$ AGA9/ ,[51 %>PLY ATTACK+ ON #bd PAGES ( PR9T ! LATT]'S F\R TREATISES3 7#a7 ,A ,NEW ,VIEW ( ,SOCIETY1 OR ,ESSAYS ON ! =MATION ( ,HUMAN ,*>ACT]1 7#b7 ,OBS]VATIONS ON ! ,EFFECTS ( ! ,MANUFACTUR+ ,SY/EM1 7#c7 ,TWO ,MEMORIALS ON ,BEHALF ( ! ,WORK+ ,CLASSES1 ,PRES5T$ TO ! ,GOV]NM5TS ( ,AM]ICA & ,EUROPE1 & F9ALLY 7#d7 ,?REE ,TRACTS & ,AN ,ACC\NT ( ,PUBLIC ,PROCE$+S RELATIVE TO ! ,EMPLOYM5T ( ! ,POOR4 ',ANONYM\S' H]E ATTEMPTS A DETAIL$ PRO( ?AT ,[5'S RE=MI/ IDEAS BY NO MEANS GET D[N TO ! REAL CAUSES ( ! MIS]Y ( ! ,5GLI% PROLET>IAT1 !SE CAUSES BE+3 ! TRANSITION TO ! CULTIVATION ( B>R5 L& 7,RIC>DO'S !ORY ( GR\ND R5T671 ! CORN LAWS & HI< TAXATION PRESS+ UPON F>M] & MANUFACTUR] ALIKE4 ,FREE TRADE & LAISSEZ-FAIRE ?US IS HIS ALPHA & OMEGA4 ,GIV5 UNRE/RICT$ ACCUMULATION1 ALL 9CREASE 9 PRODUCTION WILL CREATE = ITSELF AN 9CREASE 9 DEM&4 ,[5 IS ACCUS$ ( 'PR(\ND IGNORANCE' AS REG>DS ,SAY & ,JAMES ,MILL4 - ',9 HIS REASON+S1 AS WELL AS 9 HIS PLANS1 ,MR4 ,[5 %[S HIMSELF PR(\NDLY IGNORANT ( ALL ! LAWS :I* REGULATE ! PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION ( WEAL?4' - ,FROM ,[51 ! AU?OR PROCE$S TO ,SISMONDI & =MULATES ! PO9T ( CONT5TION AS FOLL[S3 ',HE .<,[5.> CONCEIVES ?AT :5 COMPETITION IS UN*ECK$ BY ANY >TIFICIAL REGULATIONS1 & 9DU/RY P]MITT$ TO FL[ 9 ITS NATURAL *ANNELS1 ! USE ( MA*9]Y MAY 9CREASE ! SUPPLY ( ! SEV]AL >TICLES ( WEAL? BEYOND ! DEM& = !M1 & BY CREAT+ AN EXCESS ( ALL COMMODITIES1 ?R[ ! WORK+ CLASSES \T ( EMPLOYM5T4 ,?IS IS ! POSITION ,:I* WE HOLD TO BE FUNDAM5TALLY ]RONE\S2 & AS IT IS /RONGLY 9SI/$ ON BY !' CELEBRAT$ ,M4 DE ,SISMONDI 9 HIS ,N\VEAUX ,PR9CIPES D',ECONOMIE ,POLITIQUE1 WE MU/ 5TREAT ! 9DULG5CE ( \R READ]S :ILE WE 5DEAVOR TO PO9T \T ITS FALLACY1 & TO DEMON/RATE1 ?AT ! P[] ( CONSUM+ NECESS>ILY 9CREASES ) EV]Y 9CREASE 9 ! P[] ( PRODUC+' 7,$9BUR< ,REVIEW1 ,OCT4 #a#h#a#i1 P4#d#g74 

7#b7 ,! ORIG9AL TITLE IS3 ,EXAM5 DE CETTE QUE/ION3 ,LE P\VOIR DE CONSOMM] S'ACCROIT-IL T\J\RS DANS LA SOCIETE AVEC LE P\VOIR DE PRODUIRE8 ,WE HAVE NOT BE5 ABLE TO OBTA9 A COPY ( ,ROSSI'S ,ANNALES1 BUT ! ESSAY AS A :OLE WAS 9CORPORAT$ BY ,SISMONDI 9 ! SECOND $ITION ( HIS ,N\VEAUX ,PR9CIPES4 

7#c7 ,AT ! TIME ( WRIT+1 ,SISMONDI WAS /ILL 9 ! D>K AS TO ! ID5TITY ( ',ANONYM\S' 9 ! ,$9BUR< ,REVIEW4 

#d7 ,SISMONDI1 OP4 CIT41 ,VOL4II1 PP4#c#g#f-#h4 

7#e7 ,MAC,CULLO*1 LOC4 CIT41 P4#d#g4 

7#f7 ,9CID5TLY1 ,SISMONDI'S ,LEIPZIG ,BOOK ,FAIR1 AS A MICROCOSM ( ! CAPITALI/ WORLD1 HAS /AG$ A COME-BACK AFT] #ee YE>S - 9 ,EUG5 ,DUHR+'S 'SY/EM'4 ,5GELS1 9 HIS DEVA/AT+ CRITICISM ( ?AT UN=TUNATE 'UNIV]SAL G5IUS' ADDUCES ?IS IDEA AS PRO( ?AT ,DUHR+1 BY ATTEMPT+ TO ELUCIDATE A REAL 9DU/RIAL CRISIS BY MEANS ( AN IMAG9>Y ONE ON ! ,LEIPZIG ,BOOK ,FAIR1 A /ORM AT SEA BY A /ORM 9 A TEACUP1 HAS %[N HIMSELF A 'REAL ,G]MAN LIT]ATUS'4 ,BUT1 AS 9 MANY O!R 9/ANCES EXPOS$ BY ,5GELS1 ! GREAT ?9K] HAS SIMPLY BORR[$ H]E FROM SOMEONE ELSE ON ! SLY4 

7#g7 ,SISMONDI1 OP4 CIT41 VOL4II1 PP4#c#h#a-#b4 

7#h7 ,MAC,CULLO*1 LOC4 CIT41 P4#d#g4 

7#i7 ,SISMONDI1 OP4 CIT41 VOL4II1 P4#c#h#d4 

7#a7 ,MAC,CULLO*1 LOC4 CIT41 P4#d#g#a4 

7#a#a7 ,SISMONDI1 OP4 CIT41 VOL4II1 PP4#c#i#d-#e4 

7#a#a7,IBID41 PP4#c#i#f-#g4 

7#a#c7,IBID41 PP4#c#i#g-#h4 

7#a#d7 ,MAC,CULLO*1 LOC4 CIT41 PP4#d#g#a-#b4 

7#a#e7 ,SISMONDI1 OP4 CIT41 VOL4II1 PP4#d-#a4 

7#a#f7 ,SISMONDI1 OP4 CIT41 VOL4II1 P4#d#a4 

7#a#g7,IBID41 PP4#d#e-#f4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #f1 #bba 3 ,SECTION #b1 ,*APT] #aa -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/