,*APT] #e ,BAU]'S ',PRACTICAL' ,CONCLUSIONS ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG ,TEXT 3 ,?IS IS ! LIMIT ( ,BAU]'S [N EXPLANATION ( CAPITAL ACCUMULATION4 ,:AT IS ITS PRACTICAL CONCLUSION8 ,BAU] EXPRESSES IT AS FOLL[S3 ,! RESULT ( \R 9VE/IGATION IS 7#a7 ?AT CAPITAL ACCUMULATION IS POSSIBLE EV5 9 ISOLAT$ CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 PROVID$ ?AT IT DOES NOT EXT5D BEYOND A C]TA9 DEF9$ LIMIT 7I4E4 ! GR[? ( ! WORK+ POPULATION - ,R4,L472 & 7#b7 ?AT ! ME*ANISM ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION ITSELF AUTOMATICALLY BR+S IT BACK TO ?IS LIMIT4.<#a.> ,IMM$IATELY AFT]W>DS1 ,BAU] SUMM>IZES ! QU9TESS5CE ( ! PRACTICAL APPLICATION ( HIS !ORY 9 A CONCLUD+ *APT]1 :]E WE READ3 ,COMRADE ,LUXEMBURG EXPLA9S IMP]IALISM 9 ! FOLL[+ WAY3 ! CONV]SION ( SURPLUS VALUE 9TO CAPITAL W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE 9 AN ISOLAT$ CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,?IS IS POSSIBLE ONLY IF ! CLASS ( CAPITALI/S EXP&S ITS M>KET CONT9U\SLY1 SO ?AT IT CAN SELL ?AT P>T ( ! SURPLUS VALUE :I* CONTA9S ! ACCUMULAT$ P>T ( SURPLUS VALUE 9 >EAS AS YET )\T CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION4 ,?IS IS ! OBJECT ( IMP]IALISM4 ,AS WE HAVE SE51 ?IS EXPLANATION IS 9CORRECT4 ,ACCUMULATION IS BO? POSSIBLE & NECESS>Y EV5 9 ISOLAT$ CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4.<#b.> ,?US ,BAU]1 BY WAY ( A DIV]SION 9 ! =M ( A NEWLY DISCOV]$ 'POPULATION !ORY'1 CL+S LIKE ! O!R 'EXP]TS' TO HIS PRO( ?AT CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION & ACCUMULATION CAN ?RIVE EV5 UND] CONDITIONS :I* NO MORTAL BE+ HAS YET SET EYES UPON4 ,& HE ?9KS HE CAN USE ?IS AS A BASIS = AN APPROA* TO ! PROBLEM ( IMP]IALISM6 ,LET US MAKE ONE ?+ CLE>3 9 ! PROCESS ( APPE>+ TO DEF5D ,M>X'S IDEAS AS EXPRESS$ 9 ! SECOND VOLUME ( ,CAPITAL AGA9/ ME1 ,BAU] ONCE AGA9 ASCRIBES TO ,M>X A DISCOV]Y :I* RUNS DIRECTLY C\NT] TO ,M>X'S ASSUMPTION4 ,M>X WAS DEF9ITELY NOT DEAL+ ) AN 'ISOLAT$ CAPITALI/ SOCIETY' & ITS SIMULTANE\S COORD9ATE ASSUMPTION ( ! EXI/5CE ( O!R1 NON-CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES1 & ,I HAVE NEV] REF]R$ TO SU* A SOCIETY4 ,?IS TA/ELESS PICTURE APPE>$ = ! FIR/ TIME1 LIKE ,V5US FROM ! WAVES1 9 ,OTTO ,BAU]'S !ORETICAL IMAG9ATION4 ,LET US REM9D \RSELVES H[ ,M>X =MULAT$ HIS PREMISE4 ,9 ! FIR/ VOLUME ( ,CAPITAL HE EXPRESSLY /ATES HIS 9T5TION ( ASSUM+1 '9 ORD] TO EXAM9E ! OBJECT ( \R 9VE/IGATION 9 ITS 9TEGRITY1 FREE FROM ALL DI/URB+ SUBSIDI>Y CIRCUM/ANCES'1 ?AT '! :OLE WORLD 7IS7 ONE NATION'1 :I* =M$ AN ECONOMIC :OLE & '?AT CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION IS EV]Y:]E E/ABLI%$ & HAS POSSESS$ ITSELF ( EV]Y BRAN* ( 9DU/RY'4.<#c.> ,& 9 ! SECOND VOLUME HE /ATES EQUALLY EXPLICITLY ?AT HIS 9VE/IGATION ( ACCUMULATION IS BAS$ ON '! G5]AL & EXCLUSIVE DOM9ATION ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION'4.<#d.> ,?AT IS V]Y EXPLICIT4 ,?US ,M>X DID NOT ASSUME ! *ILDI% FANTASY ( A CAPITALI/ SOCIETY ON ,ROB9SON ,CRUSOE'S ISL& :I* SECRETLY ?RIVES 'ISOLAT$' FROM CONT95TS ( NON-CAPITALI/ PEOPLES1 ( A SOCIETY 9 :I* CAPITALISM HAS DEVELOP$ TO ! HITISANS OR PEASANTRY & HAS ABSOLUTELY NO CONNECTION ) ! SURR\ND+ NON-CAPITALI/ WORLD4 ,M>X'S PREMISE IS NO FANTA/IC ABSURDITY1 IT IS A SCI5TIFIC FICTION4 ,9 FACT1 ,M>X PRESUPPOSES ! REAL T5D5CY ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,HE ASSUMES ?AT ! /ATE ( TOTAL & UNIV]SAL RULE ( CAPITALISM HAS ALREADY BE5 REA*$1 ?AT HIKET & WORLD ECONOMY :I* CAPITAL & EV]Y PRES5T ECONOMIC & POLITICAL DEVELOPM5T IS 9 FACT HEAD+ =4 ,?US1 ,M>X IS PLAC+ HIS 9VE/IGATION ON ! TRACKS ( ! REAL HI/ORICAL T5D5CY ( DEVELOPM5T1 :OSE F9AL GOAL HE TAKES AS ALREADY REA*$4 ,SCI5TIFICALLY SPEAK+1 ?IS ME?OD IS QUITE CORRECT &1 AS ,I HAVE %[N 9 MY BOOK1 COMPLETELY SUFFICI5T = ! 9VE/IGATION ( ! ACCUMULATION ( 9DIVIDUAL CAPITAL1 EV5 IF1 AS ,I BELIEVE1 IT BECOMES 9CORRECT & MISLEAD+ :5 APPLI$ TO ! MA9 PROBLEM3 ! ACCUMULATION ( AGGREGATE SOCIAL CAPITAL4 ,BAU]1 ON ! O!R H&1 PRODUCES ! GROTESQUE PICTURE ( AN 'ISOLAT$ CAPITALI/ ECONOMY' ) NO 9T]M$IATE /RATA1 NO >TISANS & NO PEASANTS1 :I* NEV] HAS EXI/$ & NEV] WILL1 & :I* HAS NO?+ TO DO ) REALITY & ! T5D5CY ( DEVELOPM5T2 A CREATION1 !RE=E1 :OSE +5I\S 'ME*ANISM' CONTRIBUTES AS LITTLE TO CL>IFY+ ! LAWS ( CAPITALI/ ACCUMULATION AS ,VAUCANSON'S.<#e.> FAM\S ME*ANICAL MODELS DID TO EXPLA9+ ! PHYSIOLOGY & PSY*E ( ! HUMAN ORGANISM4 ,UNTIL N[ ONLY B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/S EMPLOY$ ! NAIVE DEVICE ( AN 'ISOLAT$ ECONOMY'1 US+ ?IS PUPPET TO DEMON/RATE ! LAWS ( GLOBAL CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION4 ,NOBODY MOCK$ ! B\RGEOIS ',ROB9SONIANS' AS CRUELLY AS ,M>X4 ,& TO CAP IT ALL1 ,BAU]'S ,ROB9SONIAN ESCAPADES >E MEANT TO EXPLA9 ,M>X & PUT HIM ON AN 'OBJECTIVE BASIS'4 ,BUT ,BAU] HAS GOOD REASONS = HIS 'EXPLANATION'4 ,= IF1 LIKE ,M>X1 ONE ASSUMES ?AT ! 'G5]AL & EXCLUSIVE DOM9ATION ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION' HAS ALREADY BE5 UNIV]SALLY ATTA9$1 ONE EXCLUDES IMP]IALISM & NO EXPLANATION CAN BE F\ND = IT1 S9CE IT HAS ALREADY BE5 HI/ORICALLY OV]TAK51 KILL$ & BURI$ BY ! V]Y ASSUMPTION4 ,UND] ?IS ASSUMPTION ONE CAN AS LITTLE DESCRIBE ! PROCESS ( ! IMP]IALI/ PHASE AS1 = 9/ANCE1 ONE CAN PORTRAY ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE UND] ! ASSUMPTION ( ! ALREADY EXI/+ G5]AL RULE ( FEUDALISM 9 ,EUROPE4 ,FAC$ ) ! TASK ( UNIT+ PRES5T-DAY IMP]IALISM ) ! !ORY ( ACCUMULATION AS SKET*$ 9 ! FRAGM5T 9 ! SECOND VOLUME ( ,CAPITAL1 ! 'EXP]T' EPIGONS %\LD HAVE OPT$ = ONE ( ! FOLL[+3 EI!R D5Y ?AT IMP]IALISM IS A HI/ORICAL NECESSITY OR1 AS ,I DO 9 MY BOOK1 REJECT ,M>X'S PREMISE AS MI/AK5 & 9VE/IGATE ! PROCESS ( ACCUMULATION UND] HI/ORICALLY GIV5 CONDITIONS3 AS CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T CONT9U\SLY 9T]ACT+ ) A NON-CAPITALI/ 5VIRONM5T4 ,A MAN LIKE ,ECK/E91 :O HAS UND]/OOD NO?+ AB\T ! MATT] 9 H&1 IS OBVI\SLY NOT FAC$ ) ! DIFFICULTY ( *OOS+ BETWE5 ! TWO ALT]NATIVES4 ,BUT ,OTTO ,BAU]1 :O EV5TUALLY SAW ! TRAP1 F9DS HIS SOLUTIONS1 AS A TYPICAL REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ',M>XI/ C5T]'1 9 A COMPROMISE3 CAPITALISM CAN 9DE$ ?RIVE ON ,ROB9SON ,CRUSOE'S ISL&1 BUT !RE IS /ILL A 'LIMIT' TO ITS ?RIV+ 9 ISOLATION1 & IT CAN ONLY OV]COME ?IS LIMIT BY TRAD+ ) ! NON-CAPITALI/ 5VIRONM5T4 ',!RE IS A K]NEL ( TRU? BEH9D ! FALSE EXPLANATION 7I4E4 M9E - ,R4,L471' HE ANN\NCES 9 CONCLUSION4 ',ACCUMULATION IS NOT IMPOSSIBLE 9 AN ISOLAT$ CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 BUT IT IS PLAC$ )9 LIMITS4 ,IMP]IALISM 9 FACT S]VES TO EXP& !SE LIMITS4 - ,?IS URGE IS1 9 FACT1 ONE ( ! ROOTS ( IMP]IALISM1 BUT NOT ! ONLY ONE4'.<#f.> ,?US ,BAU] HIMSELF DID NOT CONSID] HIS ,ROB9SONIAN NOTION ( AN 'ISOLAT$ CAPITALI/ ECONOMY' TO BE SUFFICI5T AS A SCI5TIFIC PREMISE1 I4E4 AS A S]I\S S+LE BASIS = 9VE/IGATION2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 HE CON/RUCT$ IT ) ONE EYE LOOK+ AHEAD TO ! O!R1 NON-CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES4 ,HE TREAT$ US TO A FULSOME DISS]TATION ON ! +5I\S 'ME*ANISM' ( A CAPITALI/ SOCIETY :I* C\LD EXI/ & PROSP] ALL ON ITS [N1 ALL ! TIME KEEP+ ! NON-CAPITALI/ 5VIRONM5T 9 RES]VE SO ?AT HE C\LD USE IT AT ! 5D TO DRAG HIMSELF \T :5 HE BECAME BOGG$ D[N ) HAV+ TO EXPLA9 IMP]IALISM 9 ,ROB9SON ,CRUSOE'S ISL&6 ,! C>EFUL READ] ( ! FOOTNOTES & OCCASIONAL CRITICAL REM>KS 9 ! FIR/ VOLUME ( ,CAPITAL1 :]E ,M>X DEALS ) ! !ORETICAL TRICK]Y ( ,SAY1 ,J4,S4 ,MILL1 ,C>EY1 ETC41 CAN PROBABLY IMAG9E ! PUNI%M5T :I* ,M>X W\LD HAVE MET$ \T TO ?AT SORT ( SCI5TIFIC ME?OD4 ,FOOTNOTES .<#a.>,NEUE ,ZEIT1 #a#i#a#c1 ,NO4#b#d1 P4#h#g#c4 _ .<#b.>LOC4 CIT4 7,MY EMPHASIS - ,R4,L47 _ .<#c.> P4#e#h#a1 FOOTNOTE4 .<#d.> P4#c#d#h4 7,MY EMPHASIS - ,R4,L47 .<#e.> .<,JACQUES ,VAUCANSON 7#a#g#i-#h#b74 ,FR5* 9V5TOR4 ,9V5T$ ! FIR/ ME*ANICAL LOOM1 ALSO A ME*ANICAL 'HUMAN' FLUTE PLAY] & A ME*ANICAL DUCK ?AT SWAM1 QUACK$1 FLAPP$ ITS W+S & ATE FOOD1 & MANY O!R ME*ANICAL DEVICES4.> .<#f.>OP4 CIT41 PP4#h#g#c-#d4 _ ,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,M>* #f1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/