,*APT] #h1 ,SECTION #h4#b 
,EXPOSITION ( ! ,MY? ( ,PROVID5CE4 -- ,RETROGRESSION ( ,GOD 

#ahdfahdf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON 

,TEXT 3 

 #b4 -- ,EXPOSITION ( ! MY? ( ,PROVID5CE4 -- ,RETROGRESSION ( ,GOD4 

  

,AMONG ! PRO(S1 TO ! NUMB] ( ?REE1 :I* !OLOGIANS & PHILOSOPH]S >E ACCU/OM$ TO BR+ =W>D TO %[ ! EXI/5CE ( A ,GOD1 !Y GIVE ! =EMO/ POSITION TO UNIV]SAL CONS5T4 

,?IS >GUM5T ,I CONSID]$ :51 )\T REJECT+ OR ADMITT+ IT1 ,I PROMPTLY ASK$ MYSELF3 ,:AT DOES UNIV]SAL CONS5T AFFIRM 9 AFFIRM+ A ,GOD8 ,& 9 ?IS CONNECTION ,I %\LD RECALL ! FACT ?AT ! DIFF]5CE ( RELIGIONS IS NOT A PRO( ?AT ! HUMAN RACE HAS FALL5 9TO ]ROR 9 AFFIRM+ A SUPREME ,ME \TSIDE ( ITSELF1 ANY MORE ?AN ! DIV]SITY ( LANGUAGES IS A PRO( ( ! NON-REALITY ( REASON4 ,! HYPO!SIS ( ,GOD1 F> FROM BE+ WEAK5$1 IS /R5G!N$ & E/ABLI%$ BY ! V]Y DIV]G5CE & OPPOSITION ( FAI?S4 

,AN >GUM5T ( ANO!R SORT IS ?AT :I* IS DRAWN FROM ! ORD] ( ! WORLD4 ,9 REG>D TO ?IS ,I HAVE OBS]V$ ?AT1 NATURE AFFIRM+ SPONTANE\SLY1 BY ! VOICE ( MAN1 ITS [N DI/9CTION 9TO M9D & MATT]1 IT REMA9$ TO F9D \T :E!R AN 9F9ITE M9D1 A S\L ( ! WORLD1 GOV]NS & MOVES ! UNIV]SE1 AS CONSCI5CE1 9 ITS OBSCURE 9TUITION1 TELLS US ?AT A M9D ANIMATES MAN4 ,IF1 !N1 ,I ADD$1 ORD] W]E AN 9FALLIBLE SIGN ( ! PRES5CE ( M9D1 ! PRES5CE ( A ,GOD 9 ! UNIV]SE C\LD NOT BE OV]LOOK$4 

,UN=TUNATELY ?IS IF IS NOT DEMON/RAT$ & CANNOT BE4 ,=1 ON ! ONE H&1 PURE M9D1 CONCEIV$ AS ! OPPOSITE ( MATT]1 IS A CONTRADICTORY 5TITY1 ! REALITY ( :I*1 CONSEQU5TLY1 NO?+ CAN ATTE/4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 C]TA9 BE+S ORD]$ 9 !MSELVES -- SU* AS CRY/ALS1 PLANTS1 & ! PLANET>Y SY/EM1 :I*1 9 ! S5SATIONS ?AT !Y MAKE US FEEL1 DO NOT RETURN US S5TIM5T = S5TIM5T1 AS ! ANIMALS DO -- SEEM+ TO US UTT]LY DE/ITUTE ( CONSCI5CE1 !RE IS NO MORE REASON = SUPPOS+ A M9D 9 ! C5T] ( ! WORLD ?AN = PLAC+ ONE 9 A /ICK ( SULFUR2 & IT MAY BE ?AT1 IF M9D1 CONSCI5CE1 EXI/S ANY:]E1 IT IS ONLY 9 MAN4 

,NEV]!LESS1 IF ! ORD] ( ! WORLD CAN TELL US NO?+ AS TO ! EXI/5CE ( ,GOD1 IT REVEALS A ?+ NO LESS PRECI\S P]HAPS1 & :I* WILL S]VE US AS A L&M>K 9 \R 9QUIRIES1 -- NAMELY1 ?AT ALL BE+S1 ALL ESS5CES1 ALL PH5OM5A >E B\ND TOGE!R BY A TOTALITY ( LAWS RESULT+ FROM !IR PROP]TIES1 A TOTALITY :I* 9 ! ?IRD *APT] ,I HAVE NAM$ FATALITY OR NECESSITY4 ,:E!R OR NOT !RE EXI/S !N AN 9F9ITE 9TELLIG5CE1 EMBRAC+ ! :OLE SY/EM ( !SE LAWS1 ! :OLE FIELD ( FATALISM2 :E!R OR NOT TO ?IS 9F9ITE 9TELLIG5CE IS UNIT$ 9 PR(\ND P5ETRATION A SUP]IOR WILL1 ET]NALLY DET]M9$ BY ! TOTALITY ( ! COSMIC LAWS & CONSEQU5TLY 9F9ITELY P[]FUL & FREE2 :E!R OR NOT1 F9ALLY1 !SE ?REE ?+S1 FATALITY1 9TELLIG5CE1 WILL1 >E CONTEMPOR>Y 9 ! UNIV]SE1 ADEQUATE TO EA* O!R & ID5TICAL1 -- IT IS CLE> ?AT SO F> WE F9D NO?+ REPUGNANT TO !SE POSITIONS2 BUT IT IS PRECISELY ?IS HYPO!SIS1 ?IS AN?ROPOMORPHISM1 :I* IS YET TO BE DEMON/RAT$4 

,?US1 :ILE ! TE/IMONY ( ! HUMAN RACE REVEALS TO US A ,GOD1 )\T SAY+ :AT ?IS ,GOD MAY BE1 ! ORD] ( ! WORLD REVEALS TO US A FATALITY1 -- ?AT IS1 AN ABSOLUTE & P]EMPTORY TOTALITY ( CAUSES & EFFECTS1 -- 9 %ORT1 A SY/EM ( LAWS1 -- :I* W\LD BE1 IF ,GOD EXI/S1 LIKE ! SI<T & KN[L$GE ( ?IS ,GOD4 

,! ?IRD & LA/ PRO( ( ! EXI/5CE ( ,GOD PROPOS$ BY ! !I/S & CALL$ BY !M ! METAPHYSICAL PRO( IS NO?+ BUT A TAUTOLOGICAL CON/RUCTION ( CATEGORIES1 :I* PROVES ABSOLUTELY NO?+4 

,SOME?+ EXI/S2 !RE=E !RE IS SOME?+ 9 EXI/5CE4 

,SOME?+ IS MULTIPLE2 !RE=E SOME?+ IS ONE4  

,SOME?+ COMES AFT] SOME?+2 !RE=E SOME?+ IS PRIOR TO SOME?+4 

,SOME?+ IS SMALL] ( GREAT] ?AN SOME?+2 !RE=E SOME?+ IS GREAT] ?AN ALL ?+S4 

,SOME?+ IS MOV$2 !RE=E SOME?+ IS MOV]1 ETC41 AD 9F9ITUM4  

,?AT IS :AT IS CALL$ EV5 TODAY1 9 ! FACULTIES & ! SEM9>IES1 BY ! M9I/] ( PUBLIC $UCATION & BY ,MESSEIGNEURS ! BI%OPS1 PROV+ ! EXI/5CE ( ,GOD BY METAPHYSICS4 ,?AT IS :AT ! ELITE ( ! ,FR5* Y\? >E CONDEMN$ TO BLEAT AFT] !IR PR(ESSORS1 = A YE>1 OR ELSE =FEIT !IR DIPLOMAS & ! PRIVILEGE ( /UDY+ LAW1 M$IC9E1 POLYTE*NICS1 & ! SCI5CES4 ,C]TA9LY1 IF ANY?+ IS CALCULAT$ TO SURPRISE1 IT IS ?AT ) SU* PHILOSOPHY ,EUROPE IS NOT YET A!I/IC4 ,! P]SI/5CE ( ! !I/IC IDEA BY ! SIDE ( ! J>GON ( ! S*OOLS IS ! GREATE/ ( MIRACLES2 IT CON/ITUTES ! /RONGE/ PREJUDICE ?AT CAN BE CIT$ 9 FAVOR ( ,DIV9ITY4 

,I DO NOT KN[ :AT HUMANITY CALLS ,GOD4 

,I CANNOT SAY :E!R IT IS MAN1 ! UNIV]SE1 OR SOME 9VISIBLE REALITY ?AT WE >E TO UND]/& BY ?AT NAME2 OR 9DE$ :E!R ! WORD /&S = ANY?+ MORE ?AN AN IDEAL1 A CREATURE ( ! M9D4 ,NEV]!LESS1 TO GIVE BODY TO MY HYPO!SIS & 9FLU5CE TO MY 9QUIRIES1 ,I %ALL CONSID] ,GOD 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! COMMON OP9ION1 AS A BE+ AP>T1 OMNIPRES5T1 DI/9CT FROM CREATION1 5D[$ ) IMP]I%ABLE LIFE AS WELL AS 9F9ITE KN[L$GE & ACTIVITY1 BUT ABOVE ALL =ESEE+ & JU/1 PUNI%+ VISE & REW>D+ VIRTUE4 ,I %ALL PUT ASIDE ! PAN!I/IC HYPO!SIS AS HYPOCRITICAL & LACK+ C\RAGE4 ,GOD IS P]SONAL1 OR HE DOES NOT EXI/3 ?IS ALT]NATIVE IS ! AXIOM FROM :I* ,I %ALL D$UCE MY 5TIRE !ODICY4 

,NOT CONC]N+ MYSELF !RE=E = ! PRES5T ) QUE/IONS :I* ! IDEA ( ,GOD MAY RAISE LAT]1 ! PROBLEM BE=E ME N[ IS TO DECIDE1 9 VIEW ( ! FACTS ! EVOLUTION ( :I* 9 SOCIETY ,I HAVE E/ABLI%$1 :AT ,I %\LD ?9K ( ! CONDUCT ( ,GOD1 AS IT IS HELD UP = MY FAI? & RELATIVELY TO HUMANITY4 ,9 %ORT1 IT IS FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! DEMON/RAT$ EXI/5CE ( EVIL ?AT ,I1 ) ! AID ( A NEW DIALECTICAL PROCESS1 MEAN TO FA?OM ! ,SUPREME ,BE+4 ,EVIL EXI/S3 UPON ?IS PO9T EV]YBODY SEEMS TO AGREE4 

,N[1 HAVE ASK$ ! /OICS1 ! ,EPICUREANS1 ! MANI*EANS1 & ! A!I/S1 H[ H>MONIZE ! PRES5CE ( EVIL ) ! IDEA ( A SOV]EIGNLY GOOD1 WISE1 & P[]FUL ,GOD8 ,H[ CAN ,GOD1 AFT] ALL[+ ! 9TRODUCTION ( EVIL 9TO ! WORLD1 :E!R ?R\< WEAKNESS OR NEGLIG5CE OR MALICE1 R5D] RESPONSIBLE = !IR ACTS CREATURES :I* HE HIMSELF HAS CREAT$ IMP]FECT1 & :I* HE ?US DELIV]S TO ALL ! DANG]S ( !IR ATTRACTIONS8 ,:Y1 F9ALLY1 S9CE HE PROMISES ! JU/ A NEV]-5D+ BLISS AFT] DEA?1 OR1 9 O!R WORDS1 GIVES US ! IDEA & DESIRE ( HAPP9ESS1 DOES HE NOT CAUSE US TO 5JOY ?IS LIFE BY /RIPP+ US ( ! TEMPTATION ( EVIL1 9/EAD ( EXPOS+ US TO AN ET]NITY ( TORTURE8 

,SU* US$ TO BE ! PURPORT ( ! PROTE/ ( ! A!I/S4 

,TODAY ?IS IS SC>CELY DISCUSS$3 ! !I/S >E NO LONG] TR\BL$ BY ! LOGICAL IMPOSSIBILITIES ( !IR SY/EM4 ,!Y WANT A ,GOD1 ESPECIALLY A ,PROVID5CE3 !RE IS COMPETITION = ?IS >TICLE BETWE5 ! RADICALS & ! ,JESUITS4 ,! SOCIALI/S PREA* HAPP9ESS & VIRTUE 9 ! NAME ( ,GOD2 9 ! S*OOLS ?OSE :O TALK ! L\DE/ AGA9/ ! ,*UR* >E ! FIR/ ( MY/ICS4 

,! OLD !I/S W]E MORE ANXI\S AB\T !IR FAI?4 ,!Y TRI$1 IF NOT TO DEMON/RATE IT1 AT LEA/ TO R5D] IT REASONABLE1 FEEL+ SURE1 UNLIKE !IR SUCCESSORS1 ?AT !RE IS NEI!R DIGNITY NOR RE/ = ! BELIEV] EXCEPT 9 C]TA9TY4 

,! ,FA!RS ( ! ,*UR* !N ANSW]$ ! 9CR$UL\S ?AT EVIL IS ONLY DEPRIVATION ( A GREAT] GOOD1 & ?AT ?OSE :O ALWAYS REASON AB\T ! BETT] LACK A PO9T ( SUPPORT UPON :I* TO E/ABLI% !MSELVES1 :I* LEADS /RAI<T TO ABSURDITY4 ,9 FACT1 EV]Y CREATURE BE+ NECESS>ILY CONF9$ & IMP]FECT1 ,GOD1 BY HIS 9F9ITE P[]1 CAN CONT9UALLY ADD TO HIS P]FECTIONS3 9 ?IS RESPECT !RE IS ALWAYS1 9 SOME DEGREE1 A DEPRIVATION ( GOOD 9 ! CREATURE4 ,RECIPROCALLY1 H[EV] IMP]FECT & CONF9$ ! CREATURE IS SUPPOS$ TO BE1 FROM ! MOM5T ?AT IT EXI/S IT 5JOYS A C]TA9 DEGREE ( GOOD1 BETT] = IT ?AN ANNIHILATION4 ,!RE=E1 ?\< IT IS A RULE ?AT MAN IS CONSID]$ GOOD ONLY SO F> AS HE ACCOMPLI%ES ALL ! GOOD ?AT HE CAN1 IT IS NOT ! SAME ) ,GOD1 S9CE ! OBLIGATION TO DO GOOD 9F9ITELY IS CONTRADICTORY TO ! V]Y FACULTY ( CREATION1 P]FECTION & CREATURE BE+ TWO T]MS ?AT NECESS>ILY EXCLUDE EA* O!R4 ,GOD1 !N1 WAS SOLE JUDGE ( ! DEGREE ( P]FECTION :I* IT WAS PROP] TO GIVE TO EA* CREATURE3 TO PREF] A *>GE AGA9/ HIM UND] ?IS HEAD IS TO SL&] HIS JU/ICE4 

,AS = S91 -- ?AT IS1 MORAL EVIL1 -- ! ,FA!RS1 TO REPLY TO ! OBJECTIONS ( ! A!I/S1 HAD ! !ORIES ( FREE WILL1 R$EMPTION1 JU/IFICATION1 & GRACE1 TO ! DISCUSSION ( :I* WE NE$ NOT RETURN4 

,I HAVE NO KN[L$GE ?AT ! A!I/S HAVE REPLI$ CATEGORICALLY TO ?IS !ORY ( ! ESS5TIAL IMP]FECTION ( ! CREATURE1 A !ORY REPRODUC$ ) BRILLIANCY BY ,M4 DE ,LAM5NAIS 9 HIS 0,ESQUISSE40 ,IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE1 9DE$1 = !M TO REPLY TO IT2 =1 REASON+ FROM A FALSE CONCEPTION ( EVIL & ( FREE WILL1 & 9 PR(\ND IGNORANCE ( ! LAWS ( HUMANITY1 !Y W]E EQUALLY )\T REASONS BY :I* EI!R TO TRIUMPH OV] !IR [N D\BTS OR TO REFUTE ! BELIEV]S4 

,LET US LEAVE ! SPH]E ( ! F9ITE & 9F9ITE1 & PLACE \RSELVES 9 ! CONCEPTION ( ORD]4 ,CAN ,GOD MAKE A R\ND CIRCLE1 A RI<T-ANGL$ SQU>E8 ,C]TA9LY4 

,W\LD ,GOD BE GUILTY IF1 AFT] HAV+ CREAT$ ! WORLD ACCORD+ TO ! LAWS ( GEOMETRY1 HE HAD PUT IT 9TO \R M9DS1 OR EV5 ALL[$ US TO BELIEVE )\T FAULT ( \R [N1 ?AT A CIRCLE MAY BE SQU>E OR A SQU>E CIRCUL>1 ?\<1 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ?IS FALSE OP9ION1 WE %\LD HAVE TO SUFF] AN 9CALCULABLE S]IES ( EVILS8 ,AGA91 UND\BT$LY4 

,WELL6 ?AT IS EXACTLY :AT ,GOD1 ! ,GOD ( ,PROVID5CE1 HAS DONE 9 ! GOV]NM5T ( HUMANITY2 IT IS ( ?AT ?AT ,I ACCUSE HIM4 ,HE KNEW FROM ALL ET]NITY -- 9ASMU* AS WE MORTALS HAVE DISCOV]$ IT AFT] SIX ?\S& YE>S ( PA9FUL EXP]I5CE -- ?AT ORD] 9 SOCIETY -- ?AT IS1 LIB]TY1 WEAL?1 SCI5CE -- IS REALIZ$ BY ! RECONCILIATION ( OPPOSITE IDEAS :I*1 W]E EA* TO BE TAK5 AS ABSOLUTE 9 ITSELF1 W\LD PRECIPITATE US 9TO AN ABYSS ( MIS]Y3 :Y DID HE NOT W>N US8 ,:Y DID HE NOT CORRECT \R JUDGM5T AT ! />T8 ,:Y DID HE AB&ON US TO \R IMP]FECT LOGIC1 ESPECIALLY :5 \R EGOISM MU/ F9D A PRETEXT 9 HIS ACTS ( 9JU/ICE & P]FIDY8 ,HE KNEW1 ?IS JEAL\S ,GOD1 ?AT1 IF HE EXPOS$ US TO ! HAZ>DS ( EXP]I5CE1 WE %\LD NOT F9D UNTIL V]Y LATE ?AT SECURITY ( LIFE :I* CON/ITUTES \R 5TIRE HAPP9ESS3 :Y DID HE NOT ABRIDGE ?IS LONG APPR5TICE%IP BY A REVELATION ( \R [N LAWS8 ,:Y1 9/EAD ( FASC9AT+ US ) CONTRADICTORY OP9IONS1 DID HE NOT REV]SE EXP]I5CE BY CAUS+ US TO REA* ! ANT9OMIES BY ! PA? ( ANALYSIS ( SYN!TIC IDEAS1 9/EAD ( LEAV+ US TO PA9FULLY CLAMB] UP ! /EEPS ( ANT9OMY TO SYN!SIS8 

,IF1 AS WAS =M]LY ?\<T1 ! EVIL FROM :I* HUMANITY SUFF]S >OSE SOLELY FROM ! IMP]FECTION 9EVITABLE 9 EV]Y CREATURE1 OR BETT]1 IF ?IS EVIL W]E CAUS$ ONLY BY ! ANTAGONISM ( ! POT5TIALITIES & 9CL9ATIONS :I* CON/ITUTE \R BE+1 & :I* REASON %\LD TEA* US TO MA/] & GUIDE1 WE %\LD HAVE NO RI<T TO COMPLA94 ,\R CONDITION BE+ ALL ?AT IT C\LD BE1 ,GOD W\LD BE JU/IFI$4 

,BUT1 9 VIEW ( ?IS WILLFUL DELUSION ( \R M9DS1 A DELUSION :I* IT WAS SO EASY TO DISSIPATE & ! EFFECTS ( :I* MU/ BE SO T]RIBLE1 :]E IS ! EXCUSE ( ,PROVID5CE8 ,IS IT NOT TRUE ?AT GRACE FAIL$ MAN H]E8 ,GOD1 :OM FAI? REPRES5TS AS A T5D] FA!R & A PRUD5T MA/]1 AB&ONS US TO ! FATALITY ( \R 9COMPLETE CONCEPTIONS2 HE DIGS ! DIT* UND] \R FEET2 HE CAUSES US TO MOVE BL9DLY3 & !N1 AT EV]Y FALL1 HE PUNI%ES US AS RASCALS4 ,:AT DO ,I SAY8 ,IT SEEMS AS IF IT W]E 9 SPITE ( HIM ?AT AT LA/1 COV]$ ) BRUISES FROM \R J\RNEY1 WE RECOGNIZE \R ROAD2 AS IF WE (F5D$ HIS GLORY 9 BECOM+ MORE 9TELLIG5T & FREE ?R\< ! TRIALS :I* HE IMPOSES UPON US4 ,:AT NE$1 !N1 HAVE WE TO CONT9UALLY 9VOKE ,DIV9ITY1 & :AT HAVE WE TO DO ) ?OSE SATELLITES ( A ,PROVID5CE :I* = SIXTY C5TURIES1 BY ! AID ( A ?\S& RELIGIONS1 HAS DECEIV$ & MISL$ US8 

,:AT6 ,GOD1 ?R\< HIS GOSPEL-BE>]S & BY ! LAW :I* HE HAS PUT 9 \R HE>TS1 COMM&S US TO LOVE \R NEI<BOR AS \RSELVES1 TO DO TO O!RS AS WE WI% TO BE DONE BY1 TO R5D] EA* HIS DUE1 NOT TO KEEP BACK ANY?+ FROM ! LABOR]'S HIRE1 & NOT TO L5D AT USURY2 HE KN[S1 MOREOV]1 ?AT 9 US *>ITY IS LUKEW>M & CONSCI5CE VACILLAT+1 & ?AT ! SLI<TE/ PRETEXT ALWAYS SEEMS TO US A SUFFICI5T REASON = EXEMPTION FROM ! LAW3 & YET HE 9VOLVES US1 ) SU* DISPOSITIONS1 9 ! CONTRADICTIONS ( COMM]CE & PROP]TY1 9 :I*1 BY ! NECESSITY ( ! !ORY1 *>ITY & JU/ICE >E B\ND TO P]I%6 ,9/EAD ( 5LI<T5+ \R REASON CONC]N+ ! BE>+ ( PR9CIPLES :I* IMPOSE !MSELVES UPON IT ) ALL ! P[] ( NECESSITY1 BUT :OSE CONSEQU5CES1 ADOPT$ BY EGOISM1 >E FATAL TO HUMAN FRAT]NITY1 HE PLACES ?IS ABUS$ REASON AT ! S]VICE ( \R PASSION2 BY S$UCTION ( ! M9D1 HE DE/ROYS \R EQUILIBRIUM ( CONSCI5CE2 HE JU/IFIES 9 \R [N EYES \R USURPATIONS & \R AV>ICE2 HE MAKES ! SEP>ATION ( MAN FROM HIS FELL[ 9EVITABLE & LEGITIMATE2 HE CREATES DIVISION & HATR$ AMONG US 9 R5D]+ EQUALITY BY LABOR & BY RI<T IMPOSSIBLE2 HE MAKES US BELIEVE ?AT ?IS EQUALITY1 ! LAW ( ! WORLD1 IS UNJU/ AMONG M52 & !N HE PROSCRIBES US 5 MASSE = NOT HAV+ KN[N H[ TO PRACTICE HIS 9COMPREH5SIBLE PRECEPTS6 ,I BELIEVE ,I HAVE PROV$1 TO BE SURE1 ?AT \R AB&ONM5T BY ,PROVID5CE DOES NOT JU/IFY US2 BUT1 :ATEV] \R CRIME1 T[>D IT WE >E NOT GUILTY2 & IF !RE IS A BE+ :O1 BE=E \RSELVES & MORE ?AN \RSELVES1 IS DES]V+ ( HELL1 -- ,I AM B\ND TO NAME HIM1 -- IT IS ,GOD4 

,:5 ! !I/S1 9 ORD] TO E/ABLI% !IR DOGMA ( ,PROVID5CE1 CITE ! ORD] ( NATURE AS A PRO(1 AL?\< ?IS >GUM5T IS ONLY A BEGG+ ( ! QUE/ION1 AT LEA/ IT CANNOT BE SAID ?AT IT 9VOLVES A CONTRADICTION1 & ?AT ! FACT CIT$ BE>S WITNESS AGA9/ ! HYPO!SIS4 ,9 ! SY/EM ( ! WORLD1 = 9/ANCE1 NO?+ BETRAYS ! SMALLE/ ANOMALY1 ! SLI<TE/ LACK ( =ESI<T1 FROM :I* ANY PREJUDICE :ATEV] CAN BE DRAWN AGA9/ ! IDEA ( A SUPREME1 9TELLIG5T1 P]SONAL MOTOR4 ,9 %ORT1 ?\< ! ORD] ( NATURE DOES NOT PROVE ! REALITY ( A ,PROVID5CE1 IT DOES NOT CONTRADICT IT4 

,IT IS A V]Y DIFF]5T ?+ ) ! GOV]NM5T ( HUMANITY4 ,H]E ORD] DOES NOT APPE> AT ! SAME TIME AS MATT]2 IT WAS NOT CREAT$1 AS 9 ! SY/EM ( ! WORLD1 ONCE & = ET]NITY4 ,IT IS GRADUALLY DEVELOP$ ACCORD+ TO AN 9EVITABLE S]IES ( PR9CIPLES & CONSEQU5CES :I* ! HUMAN BE+ HIMSELF1 ! BE+ TO BE ORD]$1 MU/ DIS5GAGE SPONTANE\SLY1 BY HIS [N 5]GY & AT ! SOLICITATION ( EXP]I5CE4 ,NO REVELATION REG>D+ ?IS IS GIV5 HIM4 ,MAN IS SUBMITT$ AT HIS ORIG9 TO A PREE/ABLI%$ NECESSITY1 TO AN ABSOLUTE & IRRESI/IBLE ORD]4 ,?AT ?IS ORD] MAY BE REALIZ$1 MAN MU/ DISCOV] IT2 ?AT IT MAY EXI/1 HE MU/ HAVE DIV9$ IT4 ,?IS LABOR ( 9V5TION MI<T BE ABRIDG$2 NO ONE1 EI!R 9 HEAV5 OR ON E>?1 WILL COME TO MAN'S AID2 NO ONE WILL 9/RUCT HIM4 ,HUMANITY1 = HUNDR$S ( C5TURIES1 WILL DEV\R ITS G5]ATIONS2 IT WILL EXHAU/ ITSELF 9 BLOOD & MIRE1 )\T ! ,GOD :OM IT WOR%IPS COM+ ONCE TO ILLUM9ATE ITS REASON & ABRIDGE ITS TIME ( TRIAL4 ,:]E IS DIV9E ACTION H]E8 ,:]E IS ,PROVID5CE8 

0,IF ,GOD DID NOT EXI/10 -- IT IS ,VOLTAIRE1 ! 5EMY ( RELIGIONS1 :O SAYS SO1 -- 0IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO 9V5T HIM40 ,:Y8 0,BECAUSE10 ADDS ! SAME ,VOLTAIRE1 0IF ,I W]E DEAL+ ) AN A!I/ PR9CE :OSE 9T]E/ IT MI<T BE TO HAVE ME P\ND$ 9 A MORT>1 ,I AM V]Y SURE ?AT ,I %\LD BE P\ND$40 ,/RANGE AB]RATION ( A GREAT M9D6 ,& IF Y\ W]E DEAL+ ) A PI\S PR9CE1 :OSE CONFESSOR1 SPEAK+ 9 ! NAME ( ,GOD1 %\LD COMM& ?AT Y\ BE BURN$ ALIVE1 W\LD Y\ NOT BE V]Y SURE ( BE+ BURN$ ALSO8 ,DO Y\ =GET1 !N1 ANTI-,*RI/1 ! ,9QUISITION1 & ! ,SA9T ,B>?OLOMEW1 & ! /AKES ( ,VAN9I & ,BRUNO1 & ! TORTURES ( ,GALILEO1 & ! M>TYRDOM ( SO MANY FREE ?9K]S8 ,DO NOT TRY TO DI/+UI% H]E BETWE5 USE & ABUSE3 = ,I %\LD REPLY TO Y\ ?AT FROM A MY/ICAL & SUP]NATURAL PR9CIPLE1 FROM A PR9CIPLE :I* EMBRACES EV]Y?+1 :I* EXPLA9S EV]Y?+1 :I* JU/IFIES EV]Y?+1 SU* AS ! IDEA ( ,GOD1 ALL CONSEQU5CES >E LEGITIMATE1 & ?AT ! ZEAL ( ! BELIEV] IS ! SOLE JUDGE ( !IR PROPRIETY4 

0,I ONCE BELIEV$10 SAYS ,R\SSEAU1 0?AT IT WAS POSSIBLE TO BE AN HONE/ MAN & DISP5SE ) ,GOD2 BUT ,I HAVE RECOV]$ FROM ?AT ]ROR40 ,FUNDAM5TALLY ! SAME >GUM5T AS ?AT ( ,VOLTAIRE1 ! SAME JU/IFICATION ( 9TOL]ANCE3 ,MAN DOES GOOD & AB/A9S FROM EVIL ONLY ?R\< CONSID]ATION ( A ,PROVID5CE :I* WAT*ES OV] HIM2 A CURSE ON ?OSE :O D5Y ITS EXI/5CE6 ,&1 TO CAP ! CLIMAX ( ABSURDITY1 ! MAN :O ?US SEEKS = \R VIRTUE ! SANCTION ( A ,DIV9ITY :O REW>DS & PUNI%ES IS ! SAME MAN :O TEA*ES ! NATIVE GOODNESS ( MAN AS A RELIGI\S DOGMA4 

,& = MY P>T ,I SAY3 ,! FIR/ DUTY ( MAN1 ON BECOM+ 9TELLIG5T & FREE1 IS TO CONT9UALLY HUNT ! IDEA ( ,GOD \T ( HIS M9D & CONSCI5CE4 ,= ,GOD1 IF HE EXI/S1 IS ESS5TIALLY HO/ILE TO \R NATURE1 & WE DO NOT DEP5D AT ALL UPON HIS AU?ORITY4 ,WE >RIVE AT KN[L$GE 9 SPITE ( HIM1 AT COM=T 9 SPITE ( HIM1 AT SOCIETY 9 SPITE ( HIM2 EV]Y /EP WE TAKE 9 ADVANCE IS A VICTORY 9 :I* WE CRU% ,DIV9ITY4 

,LET IT NO LONG] BE SAID ?AT ! WAYS ( ,GOD >E IMP5ETRABLE4 ,WE HAVE P5ETRAT$ !SE WAYS1 & !RE WE HAVE READ 9 LETT]S ( BLOOD ! PRO(S ( ,GOD'S IMPOT5CE1 IF NOT ( HIS MALEVOL5CE4 ,MY REASON1 LONG HUMILIAT$1 IS GRADUALLY RIS+ TO A LEVEL ) ! 9F9ITE2 ) TIME IT WILL DISCOV] ALL ?AT ITS 9EXP]I5CE HIDES FROM IT2 ) TIME ,I %ALL BE LESS & LESS A WORK] ( MIS=TUNE1 & BY ! LI<T ?AT ,I %ALL HAVE ACQUIR$1 BY ! P]FECTION ( MY LIB]TY1 ,I %ALL PURIFY MYSELF1 IDEALIZE MY BE+1 & BECOME ! *IEF ( CREATION1 ! EQUAL ( ,GOD4 ,A S+LE MOM5T ( DISORD] :I* ! ,OMNIPOT5T MI<T HAVE PREV5T$ & DID NOT PREV5T ACCUSES HIS ,PROVID5CE & %[S HIM LACK+ 9 WISDOM2 ! SLI<TE/ PROGRESS :I* MAN1 IGNORANT1 AB&ON$1 & BETRAY$1 MAKES T[>DS GOOD HONORS HIM IMMEASURABLY4 ,BY :AT RI<T %\LD ,GOD /ILL SAY TO ME3 ,BE HOLY1 = ,I AM HOLY8 ,LY+ SPIRIT1 ,I WILL ANSW] HIM1 IMBECILE ,GOD1 Y\R REIGN IS OV]2 LOOK TO ! BEA/S = O!R VICTIMS4 ,I KN[ ?AT ,I AM NOT HOLY & NEV] CAN BECOME SO2 & H[ C\LD Y\ BE HOLY1 IF ,I RESEMBLE Y\8 ,ET]NAL FA!R1 ,JUPIT] OR ,JEHOVAH1 WE HAVE LE>N$ TO KN[ Y\2 Y\ >E1 Y\ W]E1 Y\ EV] WILL BE1 ! JEAL\S RIVAL ( ,ADAM1 ! TYRANT ( ,PROME!US4 

,SO ,I DO NOT FALL 9TO ! SOPHISM REFUT$ BY ,/4 ,PAUL1 :5 HE =BIDS ! VASE TO SAY TO ! POTT]3 ,:Y HA/ ?\ MADE ME ?US8 ,I DO NOT BLAME ! AU?OR ( ?+S = HAV+ MADE ME AN 9H>MONI\S CREATURE1 AN 9COH]5T ASSEMBLAGE2 ,I C\LD EXI/ ONLY 9 SU* A CONDITION4 ,I CONT5T MYSELF ) CRY+ \T TO HIM3 ,:Y DO Y\ DECEIVE ME8 ,:Y1 BY Y\R SIL5CE1 HAVE Y\ UN*A9$ EGOISM )9 ME8 ,:Y HAVE Y\ SUBMITT$ ME TO ! TORTURE ( UNIV]SAL D\BT BY ! BITT] ILLUSION ( ! ANTAGONI/IC IDEAS :I* Y\ HAVE PUT 9 MY M9D8 ,D\BT ( TRU?1 D\BT ( JU/ICE1 D\BT ( MY CONSCI5CE & MY LIB]TY1 D\BT ( Y\RSELF1 ,O ,GOD6 &1 AS A RESULT ( ?IS D\BT1 NECESSITY ( W> ) MYSELF & ) MY NEI<BOR6 ,?AT1 SUPREME ,FA!R1 IS :AT Y\ HAVE DONE = \R HAPP9ESS & Y\R GLORY2 SU*1 FROM ! BEG9N+1 HAVE BE5 Y\R WILL & Y\R GOV]NM5T2 SU* ! BREAD1 KNEAD$ 9 BLOOD & TE>S1 UPON :I* Y\ HAVE F$ US4 ,! S9S :I* WE ASK Y\ TO =GIVE1 Y\ CAUS$ US TO COMMIT2 ! TRAPS FROM :I* WE IMPLORE Y\ TO DELIV] US1 Y\ SET = US2 & ! ,SATAN :O BESETS US IS Y\RSELF4 

,Y\ TRIUMPH$1 & NO ONE D>$ TO CONTRADICT Y\1 :51 AFT] HAV+ TORM5T$ 9 HIS BODY & 9 HIS S\L ! RI<TE\S ,JOB1 A TYPE ( \R HUMANITY1 Y\ 9SULT$ HIS C&ID PIETY1 HIS PRUD5T & RESPECTFUL IGNORANCE4 ,WE W]E AS NAU<T BE=E Y\R 9VISIBLE MAJE/Y1 TO :OM WE GAVE ! SKY = A CANOPY & ! E>? = A FOOT/OOL4 ,& N[ H]E Y\ >E DE?RON$ & BROK54 ,Y\R NAME1 SO LONG ! LA/ WORD ( ! SAVANT1 ! SANCTION ( ! JUDGE1 ! =CE ( ! PR9CE1 ! HOPE ( ! POOR1 ! REFUGE ( ! REP5TANT S9N]1 -- ?IS 9COMMUNICABLE NAME1 ,I SAY1 H5CE=? AN OBJECT ( CONTEMPT & CURSES1 %ALL BE A HISS+ AMONG M54 ,= ,GOD IS /UPIDITY & C[>DICE2 ,GOD IS HYPOCRISY & FALSEHOOD2 ,GOD IS TYRANNY & MIS]Y2 ,GOD IS EVIL4 ,AS LONG AS HUMANITY %ALL B5D BE=E AN ALT>1 HUMANITY1 ! SLAVE ( K+S & PRIE/S1 WILL BE CONDEMN$2 AS LONG AS ONE MAN1 9 ! NAME ( ,GOD1 %ALL RECEIVE ! OA? ( ANO!R MAN1 SOCIETY WILL BE F\ND$ ON P]JURY2 PEACE & LOVE WILL BE BANI%$ FROM AMONG MORTALS4 ,GOD1 TAKE Y\RSELF AWAY6 =1 FROM ?IS DAY =?1 CUR$ ( Y\R FE> & BECOME WISE1 ,I SWE>1 ) H& EXT5D$ TO HEAV51 ?AT Y\ >E ONLY ! TORM5TOR ( MY REASON1 ! SPECT] ( MY CONSCI5CE4 

,I D5Y1 !RE=E1 ! SUPREMACY ( ,GOD OV] HUMANITY2 ,I REJECT HIS PROVID5TIAL GOV]NM5T1 ! NONEXI/5CE ( :I* IS SUFFICI5TLY E/ABLI%$ BY ! METAPHYSICAL & ECONOMICAL HALLUC9ATIONS ( HUMANITY1 -- 9 A WORD1 BY ! M>TYRDOM ( \R RACE2 ,I DECL9E ! JURISDICTION ( ! ,SUPREME ,BE+ OV] MAN2 ,I TAKE AWAY HIS TITLES ( FA!R1 K+1 JUDGE1 GOOD1 M]CIFUL1 PITIFUL1 HELPFUL1 REW>D+1 & AV5G+4 ,ALL !SE ATTRIBUTES1 ( :I* ! IDEA ( ,PROVID5CE IS MADE UP1 >E BUT A C>ICATURE ( HUMANITY1 IRRECONCILABLE ) ! AUTONOMY ( CIVILIZATION1 & CONTRADICT$1 MOREOV]1 BY ! HI/ORY ( ITS AB]RATIONS & CATA/ROPHES4 ,DOES IT FOLL[1 BECAUSE ,GOD CAN NO LONG] BE CONCEIV$ AS ,PROVID5CE1 BECAUSE WE TAKE FROM HIM ?AT ATTRIBUTE SO IMPORTANT TO MAN ?AT HE HAS NOT HESITAT$ TO MAKE IT ! SYNONYM ( ,GOD1 ?AT ,GOD DOES NOT EXI/1 & ?AT ! !OLOGICAL DOGMA FROM ?IS MOM5T IS %[N TO BE FALSE 9 ITS CONT5T8 

,ALAS6 NO4 ,A PREJUDICE RELATIVE TO ! DIV9E ESS5CE HAS BE5 DE/ROY$2 BY ! SAME /ROKE ! 9DEP5D5CE ( MAN IS E/ABLI%$3 ?AT IS ALL4 ,! REALITY ( ! DIV9E ,BE+ IS LEFT 9TACT1 & \R HYPO!SIS /ILL EXI/S4 ,9 DEMON/RAT+ ?AT IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE = ,GOD TO BE ,PROVID5CE1 WE HAVE TAK5 A FIR/ /EP 9 ! DET]M9ATION ( ! IDEA ( ,GOD2 ! QUE/ION N[ IS TO F9D \T :E!R ?IS FIR/ DATUM ACCORDS ) ! RE/ ( ! HYPO!SIS1 & CONSEQU5TLY TO DET]M9E1 FROM ! SAME /&PO9T ( 9TELLIG5CE1 :AT ,GOD IS1 IF HE IS4 

,= JU/ AS1 AFT] HAV+ E/ABLI%$ ! GUILT ( MAN UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ! ECONOMICAL CONTRADICTIONS1 WE HAVE HAD TO ACC\NT = ?IS GUILT1 IF WE W\LD NOT LEAVE MAN W\ND$ AFT] HAV+ MADE HIM A CONTEMPTIBLE SATIRE1 LIKEWISE1 AFT] HAV+ ADMITT$ ! *IM]ICAL NATURE ( ! DOCTR9E ( A ,PROVID5CE 9 ,GOD1 WE MU/ 9QUIRE H[ ?IS LACK ( ,PROVID5CE H>MONIZES ) ! IDEA ( SOV]EIGN 9TELLIG5CE & LIB]TY1 IF WE W\LD NOT SACRIFICE ! PROPOS$ HYPO!SIS1 :I* NO?+ YET %[S TO BE FALSE4 

,I AFFIRM1 !N1 ?AT ,GOD1 IF !RE IS A ,GOD1 DOES NOT RESEMBLE ! EFFIGIES :I* PHILOSOPH]S & PRIE/S HAVE MADE ( HIM2 ?AT HE NEI!R ?9KS NOR ACTS ACCORD+ TO ! LAW ( ANALYSIS1 =ESI<T1 & PROGRESS1 :I* IS ! DI/9CTIVE *>ACT]I/IC ( MAN2 ?AT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 HE SEEMS RA!R TO FOLL[ AN 9V]SE & RETROGRESSIVE C\RSE2 ?AT 9TELLIG5CE1 LIB]TY1 P]SONALITY 9 ,GOD >E CON/ITUT$ NOT AS 9 US2 & ?AT ?IS ORIG9ALITY ( NATURE1 P]FECTLY ACC\NT$ =1 MAKES ,GOD AN ESS5TIALLY ANTI-CIVILIZ+1 ANTI-LIB]AL1 ANTI-HUMAN BE+4 

,I PROVE MY PROPOSITION BY GO+ FROM ! NEGATIVE TO ! POSITIVE1 -- ?AT IS1 BY D$UC+ ! TRU? ( MY !SIS FROM ! PROGRESS ( ! OBJECTIONS TO IT4 

#a4 ,GOD1 SAY ! BELIEV]S1 CAN BE CONCEIV$ ONLY AS 9F9ITELY GOOD1 9F9ITELY WISE1 9F9ITELY P[]FUL1 ETC41 -- ! :OLE LITANY ( ! 9F9ITES4 ,N[1 9F9ITE P]FECTION CANNOT BE RECONCIL$ ) ! DATUM ( A WILL HOLD+ AN 9DIFF]5T OR EV5 REACTION>Y ATTITUDE T[>D PROGRESS3 !RE=E1 EI!R ,GOD DOES NOT EXI/1 OR ! OBJECTION DRAWN FROM ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ANT9OMIES PROVES ONLY \R IGNORANCE ( ! MY/]IES ( 9F9ITY4 

,I ANSW] !SE REASON]S ?AT1 IF1 TO GIVE LEGITIMACY TO A :OLLY >BITR>Y OP9ION1 IT SUFFICES TO FALL BACK ON ! UNFA?OMABILITY ( MY/]IES1 ,I AM AS WELL SATISFI$ ) ! MY/]Y ( A ,GOD )\T PROVID5CE AS ) ?AT ( A ,PROVID5CE )\T EFFICACY4 ,BUT1 9 VIEW ( ! FACTS1 !RE IS NO OCCASION TO 9VOKE SU* A CONSID]ATION ( PROBABILITY2 WE MU/ CONF9E \RSELVES TO ! POSITIVE DECL>ATION ( EXP]I5CE4 ,N[1 EXP]I5CE & FACTS PROVE ?AT HUMANITY1 9 ITS DEVELOPM5T1 OBEYS AN 9FLEXIBLE NECESSITY1 :OSE LAWS >E MADE CLE> & :OSE SY/EM IS REALIZ$ AS FA/ AS ! COLLECTIVE REASON REVEALS IT1 )\T ANY?+ 9 SOCIETY TO GIVE EVID5CE ( AN EXT]NAL 9/IGATION1 EI!R FROM A PROVID5TIAL COMM& OR FROM ANY SUP]HUMAN ?\<T4 ,! BASIS ( ! BELIEF 9 ,PROVID5CE IS ?IS NECESSITY ITSELF1 :I* IS1 AS IT W]E1 ! F\NDATION & ESS5CE ( COLLECTIVE HUMANITY4 ,BUT ?IS NECESSITY1 ?OR\<LY SY/EMATIC & PROGRESSIVE AS IT MAY APPE>1 DOES NOT ON ?AT ACC\NT CON/ITUTE PROVID5CE EI!R 9 HUMANITY OR 9 ,GOD2 TO BECOME CONV9C$ !RE( IT IS 5\< TO RECALL ! 5DLESS OSCILLATIONS & PA9FUL GROP+S BY :I* SOCIAL ORD] IS MADE MANIFE/4 

#b4 ,O!R >GU]S COME UNEXPECT$LY ACROSS \R PA?1 & CRY3 ,:AT IS ! USE ( !SE AB/RUSE RESE>*ES8 ,!RE IS NO MORE AN 9F9ITE 9TELLIG5CE ?AN A ,PROVID5CE2 !RE IS NEI!R ME NOR WILL 9 ! UNIV]SE \TSIDE ( MAN4 ,ALL ?AT HAPP5S1 EVIL AS WELL AS GOOD1 HAPP5S NECESS>ILY4 ,AN IRRESI/IBLE 5SEMBLE ( CAUSES & EFFECTS EMBRACES MAN & NATURE 9 ! SAME FATALITY2 & ?OSE FACULTIES 9 \RSELVES :I* WE CALL CONSCI5CE1 WILL1 JUDGM5T1 ETC41 >E ONLY P>TICUL> ACCID5TS ( ! ET]NAL1 IMMUTABLE1 & 9EVITABLE :OLE4 

,?IS >GUM5T IS ! PREC$+ ONE 9V]T$4 ,IT CONSI/S 9 SUB/ITUT+ = ! IDEA ( AN OMNIPOT5T & OMNISCI5T AU?OR ?AT ( A NECESS>Y & ET]NAL1 BUT UNCONSCI\S & BL9D1 COORD9ATION4 ,FROM ?IS OPPOSITION WE CAN ALREADY =M A PRES5TIM5T ?AT ! REASON+ ( ! MAT]IALI/S IS NO FIRM] ?AN ?AT ( ! BELIEV]S4 

,:OEV] SAYS NECESSITY OR FATALITY SAYS ABSOLUTE & 9VIOLABLE ORD]2 :OEV]1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 SAYS DI/URBANCE & DISORD] AFFIRMS ?AT :I* IS MO/ REPUGNANT TO FATALITY4 ,N[1 !RE IS DISORD] 9 ! WORLD1 DISORD] PRODUC$ BY ! PLAY ( SPONTANE\S =CES :I* NO P[] 5*A9S3 H[ CAN ?AT BE1 IF EV]Y?+ IS ! RESULT ( FATE8 

,BUT :O DOES NOT SEE ?AT ?IS OLD QU>REL BETWE5 !ISM & MAT]IALISM PROCE$S FROM A FALSE NOTION ( LIB]TY & FATALITY1 TWO T]MS :I* HAVE BE5 CONSID]$ CONTRADICTORY1 ?\< REALLY !Y >E NOT4 ,IF MAN IS FREE1 SAYS ! ONE P>TY1 ALL ! MORE SURELY IS ,GOD FREE TOO1 & FATALITY IS BUT A WORD2 IF EV]Y?+ IS 5*A9$ 9 NATURE1 ANSW]S ! O!R P>TY1 !RE IS NEI!R LIB]TY NOR ,PROVID5CE3 & SO EA* P>TY >GUES 9 ITS [N DIRECTION TILL \T ( SI<T1 NEV] ABLE TO UND]/& ?AT ?IS PRET5D$ OPPOSITION ( LIB]TY & FATALITY IS ONLY ! NATURAL1 BUT NOT ANTI!TICAL1 DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! FACTS ( ACTIVITY & ?OSE ( 9TELLIG5CE4 

,FATALITY IS ! ABSOLUTE ORD]1 ! LAW1 ! CODE1 FATUM1 ( ! CON/ITUTION ( ! UNIV]SE4 ,BUT ?IS CODE1 V]Y F> FROM BE+ EXCLUSIVE 9 ITSELF ( ! IDEA ( A SOV]EIGN LEGISLATOR1 SUPPOSES IT SO NATURALLY ?AT ALL ANTIQUITY HAS NOT HESITAT$ TO ADMIT IT2 & TODAY ! :OLE QUE/ION IS TO F9D \T :E!R1 AS ! F\ND]S ( RELIGIONS HAVE BELIEV$1 ! LEGISLATOR PREC$$ ! LAW 9 ! UNIV]SE1 -- ?AT IS1 :E!R 9TELLIG5CE IS PRIOR TO FATALITY1 -- OR :E!R1 AS ! MOD]NS CLAIM1 ! LAW PREC$$ ! LEGISLATOR1 -- 9 O!R WORDS1 :E!R M9D IS BORN ( NATURE4 ,B,E,=,E OR ,A,F,T,]1 ?IS ALT]NATIVE SUMS UP ALL PHILOSOPHY4 ,TO DISPUTE OV] ! PO/]IORITY OR PRIORITY ( M9D IS ALL V]Y WELL1 BUT TO D5Y M9D 9 ! NAME ( FATALITY IS AN EXCLUSION :I* NO?+ JU/IFIES4 ,TO REFUTE IT1 IT IS SUFFICI5T TO RECALL ! V]Y FACT ON :I* IT IS BAS$1 -- ! EXI/5CE ( EVIL4 

,GIV5 MATT] & ATTRACTION1 ! SY/EM ( ! WORLD IS !IR PRODUCT3 ?AT IS FATAL4 ,GIV5 TWO CORRELATIVE & CONTRADICTORY IDEAS1 A COMPOSITION MU/ FOLL[3 ?AT ALSO IS FATAL4 ,FATALITY CLA%ES1 NOT ) LIB]TY1 :OSE DE/9Y1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 IS TO SECURE ! ACCOMPLI%M5T ( FATALITY )9 A C]TA9 SPH]E1 BUT ) DISORD]1 ) EV]Y?+ ?AT ACTS AS A B>RI] TO ! EXECUTION ( ! LAW4 ,IS !RE DISORD] 9 ! WORLD1 YES OR NO8 ,! FATALI/S DO NOT D5Y IT1 =1 BY ! /RANGE/ BLUND]1 IT IS ! PRES5CE ( EVIL :I* HAS MADE !M FATALI/S4 ,N[1 ,I SAY ?AT ! PRES5CE ( EVIL1 F> FROM GIV+ EVID5CE ( FATALITY1 BREAKS FATALITY1 DOES VIOL5CE TO DE/9Y1 & SUPPOSES A CAUSE :OSE ]RONE\S BUT VOLUNT>Y 9ITIATIVE IS 9 DISCORDANCE ) ! LAW4 ,?IS CAUSE ,I CALL LIB]TY2 & ,I HAVE PROV$1 9 ! F\R? *APT]1 ?AT LIB]TY1 LIKE REASON :I* S]VES MAN AS A TOR*1 IS AS MU* GREAT] & MORE P]FECT AS IT H>MONIZES MORE COMPLETELY ) ! ORD] ( NATURE1 :I* IS FATALITY4 

,!RE=E TO OPPOSE FATALITY TO ! TE/IMONY ( ! CONSCI5CE :I* FEELS ITSELF FREE1 & VISE V]SA1 IS TO PROVE ?AT ONE MISCON/RUES IDEAS & HAS NOT ! SLI<TE/ APPRECIATION ( ! QUE/ION4 ,! PROGRESS ( HUMANITY MAY BE DEF9$ AS ! $UCATION ( REASON & HUMAN LIB]TY BY FATALITY3 IT IS ABSURD TO REG>D !SE ?REE T]MS AS EXCLUSIVE ( EA* O!R & IRRECONCILABLE1 :5 9 REALITY !Y SU/A9 EA* O!R1 FATALITY S]V+ AS ! BASE1 REASON COM+ AFT]1 & LIB]TY CR[N+ ! $IFICE4 ,IT IS TO KN[ & P5ETRATE FATALITY ?AT HUMAN REASON T5DS2 IT IS TO CON=M TO IT ?AT LIB]TY ASPIRES2 & ! CRITICISM 9 :I* WE >E N[ 5GAG$ ( ! SPONTANE\S DEVELOPM5T & 9/9CTIVE BELIEFS ( ! HUMAN RACE IS AT BOTTOM ONLY A /UDY ( FATALITY4 ,LET US EXPLA9 ?IS4 

,MAN1 5D[$ ) ACTIVITY & 9TELLIG5CE1 HAS ! P[] TO DI/URB ! ORD] ( ! WORLD1 ( :I* HE =MS A P>T4 ,BUT ALL HIS DIGRESSIONS HAVE BE5 =ESE51 & >E EFFECT$ )9 C]TA9 LIMITS1 :I*1 AFT] A C]TA9 NUMB] ( GO+S & COM+S1 LEAD MAN BACK TO ORD]4 ,FROM !SE OSCILLATIONS ( LIB]TY MAY BE DET]M9$ ! ROLE ( HUMANITY 9 ! WORLD2 &1 S9CE ! DE/9Y ( MAN IS B\ND UP ) ?AT ( CREATURES1 IT IS POSSIBLE TO GO BACK FROM HIM TO ! SUPREME LAW ( ?+S & EV5 TO ! S\RCES ( BE+4 

,ACCORD+LY ,I WILL NO LONG] ASK3 ,H[ IS IT ?AT MAN HAS ! P[] TO VIOLATE ! PROVID5TIAL ORD]1 & H[ IS IT ?AT ,PROVID5CE ALL[S HIM TO DO SO8 ,I /ATE ! QUE/ION 9 O!R T]MS3 ,H[ IS IT ?AT MAN1 AN 9TEGRANT P>T ( ! UNIV]SE1 A PRODUCT ( FATALITY1 IS ABLE TO BREAK FATALITY8 ,H[ IS IT ?AT A FATAL ORGANIZATION1 ! ORGANIZATION ( HUMANITY1 IS ADV5TITI\S1 CONTRADICTORY1 FULL ( TUMULT & CATA/ROPHES8 ,FATALITY IS NOT CONF9$ TO AN H\R1 TO A C5TURY1 TO A ?\S& YE>S3 IF SCI5CE & LIB]TY MU/ 9EVITABLY BE \RS1 :Y DO !Y NOT COME SOON]8 ,=1 ! MOM5T WE SUFF] FROM ! DELAY1 FATALITY CONTRADICTS ITSELF2 EVIL IS AS EXCLUSIVE ( FATALITY AS ( ,PROVID5CE4 

,:AT SORT ( A FATALITY1 9 %ORT1 IS ?AT :I* IS CONTRADICT$ EV]Y 9/ANT BY ! FACTS :I* TAKE PLACE )9 ITS BOSOM8 ,?IS ! FATALI/S >E B\ND TO EXPLA91 QUITE AS MU* AS ! !I/S >E B\ND TO EXPLA9 :AT SORT ( AN 9F9ITE 9TELLIG5CE ?AT CAN BE :I* IS UNABLE EI!R TO =ESEE OR PREV5T ! MIS]Y ( ITS CREATURES4 

,BUT ?AT IS NOT ALL4 ,LIB]TY1 9TELLIG5CE1 FATALITY1 >E AT BOTTOM ?REE ADEQUATE EXPRESSIONS1 S]V+ TO DESIGNATE ?REE DIFF]5T FACES ( BE+4 ,9 MAN REASON IS ONLY A DEF9$ LIB]TY CONSCI\S ( ITS LIMIT4 ,BUT )9 ! CIRCLE ( ITS LIMITATIONS ?IS LIB]TY IS ALSO FATALITY1 A LIV+ & P]SONAL FATALITY4 ,:51 !RE=E1 ! CONSCI5CE ( ! HUMAN RACE PROCLAIMS ?AT ! FATALITY ( ! UNIV]SE -- ?AT IS1 ! HI<E/1 ! SUPREME FATALITY -- IS ADEQUATE TO AN 9F9ITE REASON AS WELL AS TO AN 9F9ITE LIB]TY1 IT SIMPLY PUTS =? AN HYPO!SIS 9 EV]Y WAY LEGITIMATE1 ! V]IFICATION ( :I* IS 9CUMB5T UPON ALL P>TIES4 

#c4 ,N[ COME ! HUMANI/S1 ! NEW A!I/S1 & SAY3 

,HUMANITY 9 ITS 5SEMBLE IS ! REALITY S\<T BY ! SOCIAL G5IUS UND] ! MY/ICAL NAME ( ,GOD4 ,?IS PH5OM5ON ( ! COLLECTIVE REASON1 -- A SORT ( MIRAGE 9 :I* HUMANITY1 CONTEMPLAT+ ITSELF1 TAKES ITSELF = AN EXT]NAL & TRANSC5D5T BE+ :O CONSID]S ITS DE/9IES & PRESIDES OV] !M1 -- ?IS ILLUSION ( ! CONSCI5CE1 WE SAY1 HAS BE5 ANALYZ$ & EXPLA9$2 & H5CE=? TO REPRODUCE ! !OLOGICAL HYPO!SIS IS TO TAKE A /EP BACKW>D 9 SCI5CE4 ,WE MU/ CONF9E \RSELVES /RICTLY TO SOCIETY1 TO MAN4 ,GOD 9 RELIGION1 ! ,/ATE 9 POLITICS1 PROP]TY 9 ECONOMY1 SU* IS ! TRIPLE =M UND] :I* HUMANITY1 BECOME =EIGN TO ITSELF1 HAS NOT CEAS$ TO R5D ITSELF ) ITS [N H&S1 & :I* TODAY IT MU/ REJECT4 

,I ADMIT ?AT EV]Y AFFIRMATION OR HYPO!SIS ( ,DIV9ITY PROCE$S FROM AN?ROPOMORPHISM1 & ?AT ,GOD 9 ! FIR/ PLACE IS ONLY ! IDEAL1 OR RA!R1 ! SPECT] ( MAN4 ,I ADMIT FUR!R ?AT ! IDEA ( ,GOD IS ! TYPE & F\NDATION ( ! PR9CIPLE ( AU?ORITY & ABSOLUTISM1 :I* IT IS \R TASK TO DE/ROY OR AT LEA/ TO SUBORD9ATE :]EV] IT MANIFE/S ITSELF1 9 SCI5CE1 9DU/RY1 PUBLIC AFFAIRS4 ,CONSEQU5TLY ,I DO NOT CONTRADICT HUMANISM2 ,I CONT9UE IT4 ,TAK+ UP ITS CRITICISM ( ! DIV9E BE+ & APPLY+ IT TO MAN1 ,I OBS]VE3 

,?AT MAN1 9 ADOR+ HIMSELF AS ,GOD1 HAS POSIT$ ( HIMSELF AN IDEAL CONTR>Y TO HIS [N ESS5CE1 & HAS DECL>$ HIMSELF AN ANTAGONI/ ( ! BE+ SUPPOS$ TO BE SOV]EIGNLY P]FECT1 -- 9 %ORT1 ( ! 9F9ITE2 

,?AT MAN CONSEQU5TLY IS1 9 HIS [N JUDGM5T1 ONLY A FALSE DIV9ITY1 S9CE 9 SETT+ UP ,GOD HE D5IES HIMSELF2 & ?AT HUMANISM IS A RELIGION AS DETE/ABLE AS ANY ( ! !ISMS ( ANCI5T ORIG92 

,?AT ?IS PH5OM5ON ( HUMANITY TAK+ ITSELF = ,GOD IS NOT EXPLA9ABLE 9 ! T]MS ( HUMANISM1 & REQUIRES A FUR!R 9T]PRETATION4 

,GOD1 ACCORD+ TO ! !OLOGICAL CONCEPTION1 IS NOT ONLY SOV]EIGN MA/] ( ! UNIV]SE1 ! 9FALLIBLE & IRRESPONSIBLE K+ ( CREATURES1 ! 9TELLIGIBLE TYPE ( MAN2 HE IS ! ET]NAL1 IMMUTABLE1 OMNIPRES5T1 9F9ITELY WISE1 9F9ITELY FREE BE+4 ,N[1 ,I SAY ?AT !SE ATTRIBUTES ( ,GOD CONTA9 MORE ?AN AN IDEAL1 MORE ?AN AN ELEVATION -- TO :ATEV] P[] Y\ WILL -- ( ! CORRESPOND+ ATTRIBUTES ( HUMANITY2 ,I SAY ?AT !Y >E A CONTRADICTION ( !M4 ,GOD IS CONTRADICTORY ( MAN1 JU/ AS *>ITY IS CONTRADICTORY ( JU/ICE2 AS SANCTITY1 ! IDEAL ( P]FECTION1 IS CONTRADICTORY ( P]FECTIBILITY2 AS ROYALTY1 ! IDEAL ( LEGISLATIVE P[]1 IS CONTRADICTORY ( LAW1 ETC4 ,SO ?AT ! DIV9E HYPO!SIS IS REBORN FROM ITS RESOLUTION 9TO HUMAN REALITY1 & ! PROBLEM ( A COMPLETE1 H>MONI\S1 & ABSOLUTE EXI/5CE1 EV] PUT ASIDE1 EV] COMES BACK4 

,TO DEMON/RATE ?IS RADICAL ANT9OMY IT SUFFICES TO PUT FACTS 9 JUXTAPOSITION ) DEF9ITIONS4 

,( ALL FACTS ! MO/ C]TA91 MO/ CON/ANT1 MO/ 9DUBITABLE1 IS C]TA9LY ?AT 9 MAN KN[L$GE IS PROGRESSIVE1 ME?ODICAL1 ! RESULT ( REFLECTION1 -- 9 %ORT1 EXP]IM5TAL2 SO MU* SO ?AT EV]Y !ORY NOT HAV+ ! SANCTION ( EXP]I5CE -- ?AT IS1 ( CON/ANCY & CONCAT5ATION 9 ITS REPRES5TATIONS -- !REBY LACKS A SCI5TIFIC *>ACT]4 ,9 REG>D TO ?IS NOT ! SLI<TE/ D\BT CAN BE RAIS$4 ,MA!MATICS !MSELVES1 ?\< CALL$ PURE1 >E SUBJECT TO ! ,C,O,N,C,A,T,5,A,T,I,O,N ( PROPOSITIONS1 & H5CE DEP5D UPON EXP]I5CE & ACKN[L$GE ITS LAW4 

,MAN'S KN[L$GE1 />T+ ) ACQUIR$ OBS]VATION1 !N PROGRESSES & ADVANCES 9 AN UNLIMIT$ SPH]E4 ,! GOAL :I* IT HAS 9 VIEW1 ! IDEAL :I* IT T5DS TO REALIZE )\T EV] BE+ ABLE TO ATTA9 IT1 -- PLAC+ IT ON ! CONTR>Y F>!R & F>!R AHEAD ( IT1 -- IS ! 9F9ITE1 ! ABSOLUTE4 

,N[1 :AT W\LD BE AN 9F9ITE KN[L$GE1 AN ABSOLUTE KN[L$GE1 DET]M9+ AN EQUALLY 9F9ITE LIB]TY1 SU* AS SPECULATION SUPPOSES 9 ,GOD8 ,IT W\LD BE A KN[L$GE NOT ONLY UNIV]SAL1 BUT 9TUITIVE1 SPONTANE\S1 AS ?OR\<LY FREE FROM HESITATION AS FROM OBJECTIVITY1 AL?\< EMBRAC+ AT ONCE ! REAL & ! POSSIBLE2 A KN[L$GE SURE1 BUT NOT DEMON/RATIVE2 COMPLETE1 NOT SEQU5TIAL2 A KN[L$GE1 9 %ORT1 :I*1 BE+ ET]NAL 9 ITS =MATION1 W\LD BE DE/ITUTE ( ANY PROGRESSIVE *>ACT] 9 ! RELATION ( ITS P>TS4 

,PSY*OLOGY HAS COLLECT$ NUM]\S EXAMPLES ( ?IS MODE ( KN[+ 9 ! 9/9CTIVE & DIV9ATORY FACULTIES ( ANIMALS2 9 ! SPONTANE\S TAL5T ( C]TA9 M5 BORN MA!MATICIANS & >TI/S1 9DEP5D5T ( ALL $UCATION2 F9ALLY1 9 MO/ ( ! PRIMITIVE HUMAN 9/ITUTIONS & MONUM5TS1 PRODUCTS ( UNCONSCI\S G5IUS 9DEP5D5T ( !ORIES4 ,& ! REGUL> & COMPLEX MOVEM5TS ( ! HEAV5LY BODIES2 ! M>VEL\S COMB9ATIONS ( MATT]1 -- C\LD IT NOT BE SAID ?AT !SE TOO >E ! EFFECTS ( A SPECIAL 9/9CT1 9H]5T 9 ! ELEM5TS8 

,IF1 !N1 ,GOD EXI/S1 SOME?+ ( HIM APPE>S TO US 9 ! UNIV]SE & 9 \RSELVES3 BUT ?IS SOME?+ IS 9 FLAGRANT OPPOSITION ) \R MO/ AU!NTIC T5D5CIES1 ) \R MO/ C]TA9 DE/9Y2 ?IS SOME?+ IS CONT9UALLY BE+ EFFAC$ FROM \R S\L BY $UCATION1 & TO MAKE IT DISAPPE> IS ! OBJECT ( \R C>E4 ,GOD & MAN >E TWO NATURES :I* %UN EA* O!R AS SOON AS !Y KN[ EA* O!R2 9 ! ABS5CE ( A TRANS=MATION ( ONE OR ! O!R OR BO?1 H[ C\LD !Y EV] BE RECONCIL$8 ,IF ! PROGRESS ( REASON T5DS TO SEP>ATE US FROM ,DIV9ITY1 H[ C\LD ,GOD & MAN BE ID5TICAL 9 PO9T ( REASON8 ,H[1 CONSEQU5TLY1 C\LD HUMANITY BECOME ,GOD BY $UCATION8 

,LET US TAKE ANO!R EXAMPLE4 

,! ESS5TIAL *>ACT]I/IC ( RELIGION IS FEEL+4 ,H5CE1 BY RELIGION1 MAN ATTRIBUTES FEEL+ TO ,GOD1 AS HE ATTRIBUTES REASON TO HIM2 MOREOV]1 HE AFFIRMS1 FOLL[+ ! ORD9>Y C\RSE ( HIS IDEAS1 ?AT FEEL+ 9 ,GOD1 LIKE KN[L$GE1 IS 9F9ITE4 

,N[1 ?AT ALONE IS SUFFICI5T TO *ANGE ! QUALITY ( FEEL+ 9 ,GOD1 & MAKE IT AN ATTRIBUTE TOTALLY DI/9CT FROM ?AT ( MAN4 ,9 MAN S5TIM5T FL[S1 SO TO SPEAK1 FROM A ?\S& DIFF]5T S\RCES3 IT CONTRADICTS ITSELF1 IT CONFUSES ITSELF1 IT R5DS ITSELF2 O!RWISE1 IT W\LD NOT FEEL ITSELF4 ,9 ,GOD1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 S5TIM5T IS 9F9ITE1 -- ?AT IS1 ONE1 COMPLETE1 FIX$1 CLE>1 ABOVE ALL /ORMS1 & NOT NE$+ IRRITATION AS A CONTRA/ 9 ORD] TO >RIVE AT HAPP9ESS4 ,WE \RSELVES EXP]I5CE ?IS DIV9E MODE ( FEEL+ :5 A S+LE S5TIM5T1 ABSORB+ ALL \R FACULTIES1 AS 9 ! CASE ( EC/ASY1 TEMPOR>ILY IMPOSES SIL5CE UPON ! O!R AFFECTIONS4 ,BUT ?IS RAPTURE EXI/S ALWAYS ONLY BY ! AID ( CONTRA/ & BY A SORT ( PROVOCATION FROM )\T2 IT IS NEV] P]FECT1 OR1 IF IT REA*ES FULLNESS1 IT IS LIKE ! /> :I* ATTA9S ITS APOGEE1 = AN 9DIVISIBLE 9/ANT4 

,?US WE DO NOT LIVE1 WE DO NOT FEEL1 WE DO NOT ?9K1 EXCEPT BY A S]IES ( OPPOSITIONS & %OCKS1 BY AN 9T]NAL W>F>E2 \R IDEAL1 !N1 IS NOT 9F9ITY1 BUT EQUILIBRIUM2 9F9ITY EXPRESSES SOME?+ O!R ?AN \RSELVES4 

,IT IS SAID3 ,GOD HAS NO ATTRIBUTES PECULI> TO HIMSELF2 HIS ATTRIBUTES >E ?OSE ( MAN2 !N MAN & ,GOD >E ONE & ! SAME ?+4 

,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! ATTRIBUTES ( MAN1 BE+ 9F9ITE 9 ,GOD1 >E = ?AT V]Y REASON PECULI> & SPECIFIC3 IT IS ! NATURE ( ! 9F9ITE TO BECOME SPECIALTY1 ESS5CE1 FROM ! FACT ?AT ! F9ITE EXI/S4 ,D5Y !N1 IF Y\ WILL1 ! REALITY ( ,GOD1 AS ONE D5IES ! REALITY ( A CONTRADICTORY IDEA2 REJECT FROM SCI5CE & MORALITY ?IS 9CONCEIVABLE & BLOODY PHANTOM :I* SEEMS TO PURSUE US ! MORE1 ! F>!R IT GETS FROM US2 UP TO A C]TA9 PO9T ?AT MAY BE JU/IFI$1 & AT ANY RATE CAN DO NO H>M4 ,BUT DO NOT MAKE ,GOD 9TO HUMANITY1 = ?AT W\LD BE SL&] ( BO?4 

,WILL IT BE SAID ?AT ! OPPOSITION BETWE5 MAN & ! DIV9E BE+ IS ILLUSORY1 & ?AT IT >ISES FROM ! OPPOSITION ?AT EXI/S BETWE5 ! 9DIVIDUAL MAN & ! ESS5CE ( 5TIRE HUMANITY8 ,!N IT MU/ BE MA9TA9$ ?AT HUMANITY1 S9CE IT IS HUMANITY ?AT !Y DEIFY1 IS NEI!R PROGRESSIVE1 NOR CONTRA/$ 9 REASON & FEEL+2 9 %ORT1 ?AT IT IS 9F9ITE 9 EV]Y?+1 -- :I* IS D5I$ NOT ONLY BY HI/ORY1 BUT BY PSY*OLOGY4 

,?IS IS NOT A CORRECT UND]/&+1 CRY ! HUMANI/S4 ,TO HAVE ! RI<T IDEAL ( HUMANITY1 IT MU/ BE CONSID]$1 NOT 9 ITS HI/ORIC DEVELOPM5T1 BUT 9 ! TOTALITY ( ITS MANIFE/ATIONS1 AS IF ALL HUMAN G5]ATIONS1 GA!R$ 9TO ONE MOM5T1 =M$ A S+LE MAN1 AN 9F9ITE & IMMORTAL MAN4 

,?AT IS TO SAY1 !Y AB&ON ! REALITY TO SEIZE A PROJECTION2 ! TRUE MAN IS NOT ! REAL MAN2 TO F9D ! V]ITABLE MAN1 ! HUMAN IDEAL1 WE MU/ LEAVE TIME & 5T] ET]NITY1 -- :AT DO ,I SAY8 -- DES]T ! F9ITE = 9F9ITY1 MAN = ,GOD6 ,HUMANITY1 9 ! %APE WE KN[ IT1 9 ! %APE 9 :I* IT IS DEVELOP$1 9 ! ONLY %APE 9 FACT 9 :I* IT CAN EXI/1 IS ]ECT2 !Y %[ US ITS REV]S$ IMAGE1 AS 9 A MIRROR1 & !N SAY TO US3 ,?AT IS MAN6 ,& ,I ANSW]3 ,IT IS NO LONG] MAN1 IT IS ,GOD4 ,HUMANISM IS ! MO/ P]FECT !ISM4 

,:AT1 !N1 IS ?IS PROVID5CE :I* ! !I/S SUPPOSE 9 ,GOD8 ,AN ESS5TIALLY HUMAN FACULTY1 AN AN?ROPOMORPHIC ATTRIBUTE1 BY :I* ,GOD IS ?\<T TO LOOK 9TO ! FUTURE ACCORD+ TO ! PROGRESS ( EV5TS1 9 ! SAME WAY ?AT WE M5 LOOK 9TO ! PA/1 FOLL[+ ! P]SPECTIVE ( *RONOLOGY & HI/ORY4 

,N[1 IT IS PLA9 ?AT1 JU/ AS 9F9ITY -- ?AT IS1 SPONTANE\S & UNIV]SAL 9TUITION 9 KN[L$GE -- IS 9COMPATIBLE ) HUMANITY1 SO PROVID5CE IS 9COMPATIBLE ) ! HYPO!SIS ( ! DIV9E BE+4 ,GOD1 TO :OM ALL IDEAS >E EQUAL & SIMULTANE\S2 ,GOD1 :OSE REASON DOES NOT SEP>ATE SYN!SIS FROM ANT9OMY2 ,GOD1 TO :OM ET]NITY R5D]S ALL ?+S PRES5T & CONTEMPOR>Y1 -- WAS UNABLE1 :5 CREAT+ US1 TO REVEAL TO US ! MY/]Y ( \R CONTRADICTIONS2 & ?AT PRECISELY BECAUSE HE IS ,GOD1 BECAUSE HE DOES NOT SEE CONTRADICTION1 BECAUSE HIS 9TELLIG5CE DOES NOT FALL UND] ! CATEGORY ( TIME & ! LAW ( PROGRESS1 BECAUSE HIS REASON IS 9TUITIVE & HIS KN[L$GE 9F9ITE4 ,PROVID5CE 9 ,GOD IS A CONTRADICTION )9 A CONTRADICTION2 IT WAS ?R\< PROVID5CE ?AT ,GOD WAS ACTUALLY MADE 9 ! IMAGE ( MAN2 TAKE AWAY ?IS PROVID5CE1 & ,GOD CEASES TO BE MAN1 & MAN 9 TURN MU/ AB&ON ALL HIS PRET5SIONS TO DIV9ITY4 

,P]HAPS IT WILL BE ASK$ ( :AT USE IT IS TO ,GOD TO HAVE 9F9ITE KN[L$GE1 IF HE IS IGNORANT ( :AT TAKES PLACE 9 HUMANITY4 

,LET US DI/+UI%4 ,GOD HAS A P]CEPTION ( ORD]1 ! S5TIM5T ( GOOD4 ,BUT ?IS ORD]1 ?IS GOOD1 HE SEES AS ET]NAL & ABSOLUTE2 HE DOES NOT SEE IT 9 ITS SUCCESSIVE & IMP]FECT ASPECTS2 HE DOES NOT GRASP ITS DEFECTS4 ,WE ALONE >E CAPABLE ( SEE+1 FEEL+1 & APPRECIAT+ EVIL1 AS WELL AS ( MEASUR+ DURATION1 BECAUSE WE ALONE >E CAPABLE ( PRODUC+ EVIL1 & BECAUSE \R LIFE IS TEMPOR>Y4 ,GOD SEES & FEELS ONLY ORD]2 ,GOD DOES NOT GRASP :AT HAPP5S1 BECAUSE :AT HAPP5S IS B5EA? HIM1 B5EA? HIS HORIZON4 ,WE1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 SEE AT ONCE ! GOOD & ! EVIL1 ! TEMPORAL & ! ET]NAL1 ORD] & DISORD]1 ! F9ITE & ! 9F9ITE2 WE SEE )9 US & \TSIDE ( US2 & \R REASON1 BECAUSE IT IS F9ITE1 SURPASSES \R HORIZON4 

,?US1 BY ! CREATION ( MAN & ! DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY1 A F9ITE & PROVID5TIAL REASON1 \R [N1 HAS BE5 POSIT$ 9 CONTRADICTION ( ! 9TUITIVE & 9F9ITE REASON1 ,GOD2 SO ?AT ,GOD1 )\T LOS+ ANY?+ ( HIS 9F9ITY 9 ANY DIRECTION1 SEEMS DIM9I%$ BY ! V]Y FACT ( ! EXI/5CE ( HUMANITY4 ,PROGRESSIVE REASON RESULT+ FROM ! PROJECTION ( ET]NAL IDEAS UPON ! MOVABLE & 9CL9$ PLANE ( TIME1 MAN CAN UND]/& ! LANGUAGE ( ,GOD1 BECAUSE HE COMES FROM ,GOD & HIS REASON AT ! />T IS LIKE ?AT ( ,GOD2 BUT ,GOD CANNOT UND]/& US OR COME TO US1 BECAUSE HE IS 9F9ITE & CANNOT RE-CLO! HIMSELF 9 F9ITE ATTRIBUTES )\T CEAS+ TO BE ,GOD1 )\T DE/ROY+ HIMSELF4 ,! DOGMA ( PROVID5CE 9 ,GOD IS %[N TO BE FALSE1 BO? 9 FACT & 9 RI<T4 

,IT IS EASY N[ TO SEE H[ ! SAME REASON+ TURNS AGA9/ ! SY/EM ( ! DEIFICATION ( MAN4 

,MAN NECESS>ILY POSIT+ ,GOD AS ABSOLUTE & 9F9ITE 9 HIS ATTRIBUTES1 :]EAS HE HIMSELF DEVELOPS 9 A DIRECTION ! 9V]SE ( ?IS IDEAL1 !RE IS DISCORD BETWE5 ! PROGRESS ( MAN & :AT MAN CONCEIVES AS ,GOD4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 IT APPE>S ?AT MAN1 BY ! SYNCRETISM ( HIS CON/ITUTION & ! P]FECTIBILITY ( HIS NATURE1 IS NOT ,GOD & CANNOT BECOME ,GOD2 ON ! O!R1 IT IS PLA9 ?AT ,GOD1 ! SUPREME ,BE+1 IS ! ANTIPODE ( HUMANITY1 ! ONTOLOGICAL SUMMIT FROM :I* IT 9DEF9ITELY SEP>ATES ITSELF4 ,GOD & MAN1 HAV+ DIVID$ BETWE5 !M ! ANTAGONI/IC FACULTIES ( BE+1 SEEM TO BE PLAY+ A GAME 9 :I* ! CONTROL ( ! UNIV]SE IS ! /AKE1 ! ONE HAV+ SPONTANEITY1 DIRECTNESS1 9FALLIBILITY1 ET]NITY1 ! O!R HAV+ =ESI<T1 D$UCTION1 MOBILITY1 TIME4 ,GOD & MAN HOLD EA* O!R 9 P]PETUAL *ECK & CONT9UALLY AVOID EA* O!R2 :ILE ! LATT] GOES AHEAD 9 REFLECTION & !ORY )\T EV] RE/+1 ! =M]1 BY HIS PROVID5TIAL 9CAPACITY1 SEEMS TO )DRAW 9TO ! SPONTANEITY ( HIS NATURE4 ,!RE IS A CONTRADICTION1 !RE=E1 BETWE5 HUMANITY & ITS IDEAL1 AN OPPOSITION BETWE5 MAN & ,GOD1 AN OPPOSITION :I* ,*RI/IAN !OLOGY HAS ALLEGORIZ$ & P]SONIFI$ UND] ! NAME ( ,DEVIL OR ,SATAN1 -- ?AT IS1 CONTRADICTOR1 5EMY ( ,GOD & MAN4 

,SU* IS ! FUNDAM5TAL ANT9OMY :I* ,I F9D ?AT MOD]N CRITICS HAVE NOT TAK5 9TO ACC\NT1 & :I*1 IF NEGLECT$1 HAV+ SOON] OR LAT] TO 5D 9 ! NEGATION ( ! MAN-,GOD & CONSEQU5TLY 9 ! NEGATION ( ?IS :OLE PHILOSOPHICAL EXEGESIS1 REOP5S ! DOOR TO RELIGION & FANATICISM4 

,GOD1 ACCORD+ TO ! HUMANI/S1 IS NO?+ BUT HUMANITY ITSELF1 ! COLLECTIVE ME TO :I* ! 9DIVIDUAL ME IS SUBJECT$ AS TO AN 9VISIBLE MA/]4 ,BUT :Y ?IS S+UL> VISION1 IF ! PORTRAIT IS A FAI?FUL COPY ( ! ORIG9AL8 ,:Y HAS MAN1 :O FROM HIS BIR? HAS KN[N DIRECTLY & ) \T A TELESCOPE HIS BODY1 HIS S\L1 HIS *IEF1 HIS PRIE/1 HIS C\NTRY1 HIS CONDITION1 BE5 OBLIG$ TO SEE HIMSELF AS 9 A MIRROR1 & )\T RECOGNIZ+ HIMSELF1 UND] ! FANTA/IC IMAGE ( ,GOD8 ,:]E IS ! NECESSITY ( ?IS HALLUC9ATION8 ,:AT IS ?IS DIM & AMBIGU\S CONSCI\SNESS :I*1 AFT] A C]TA9 TIME1 BECOMES PURIFI$1 RECTIFI$1 &1 9/EAD ( TAK+ ITSELF = ANO!R1 DEF9ITIVELY APPREH5DS ITSELF AS SU*8 ,:Y ON ! P>T ( MAN ?IS TRANSC5D5TAL CONFESSION ( SOCIETY1 :5 SOCIETY ITSELF WAS !RE1 PRES5T1 VISIBLE1 PALPABLE1 WILL+1 & ACT+1 -- :51 9 %ORT1 IT WAS KN[N AS SOCIETY & NAM$ AS SU*8 

,NO1 IT IS SAID1 SOCIETY DID NOT EXI/2 M5 W]E AGGLOM]AT$1 BUT NOT ASSOCIAT$2 ! >BITR>Y CON/ITUTION ( PROP]TY & ! ,/ATE1 AS WELL AS ! 9TOL]ANT DOGMATISM ( RELIGION1 PROVE IT4 

,PURE RHETORIC3 SOCIETY EXI/S FROM ! DAY ?AT 9DIVIDUALS1 COMMUNICAT+ BY LABOR & SPEE*1 ASSUME RECIPROCAL OBLIGATIONS & GIVE BIR? TO LAWS & CU/OMS4 ,UND\BT$LY SOCIETY BECOMES P]FECT 9 PROPORTION TO ! ADVANCES ( SCI5CE & ECONOMY1 BUT AT NO EPO* ( CIVILIZATION DOES PROGRESS IMPLY ANY SU* METAMORPHOSIS AS ?OSE DREAM$ ( BY ! BUILD]S ( UTOPIA2 & H[EV] EXCELL5T ! FUTURE CONDITION ( HUMANITY IS TO BE1 IT WILL BE NONE ! LESS ! NATURAL CONT9UATION1 ! NECESS>Y CONSEQU5CE1 ( ITS PREVI\S POSITIONS4 

,= ! RE/1 NO SY/EM ( ASSOCIATION BE+ EXCLUSIVE 9 ITSELF1 AS ,I HAVE %[N1 ( FRAT]NITY & JU/ICE1 IT HAS NEV] BE5 POSSIBLE TO CONF\ND ! POLITICAL IDEAL ) ,GOD1 & WE SEE 9 FACT ?AT ALL PEOPLES HAVE DI/+UI%$ SOCIETY FROM RELIGION4 ,! FIR/ WAS TAK5 AS 5D1 ! SECOND REG>D$ ONLY AS MEANS2 ! PR9CE WAS ! M9I/] ( ! COLLECTIVE WILL1 :ILE ,GOD REIGN$ OV] CONSCI5CES1 AWAIT+ BEYOND ! GRAVE ! GUILTY :O ESCAP$ ! JU/ICE ( M54 ,EV5 ! IDEA ( PROGRESS & RE=M HAS NEV] BE5 ANY:]E ABS5T2 NO?+1 9 %ORT1 ( ?AT :I* CON/ITUTES SOCIAL LIFE HAS BE5 5TIRELY IGNOR$ OR MISCONCEIV$ BY ANY RELIGI\S NATION4 ,:Y1 !N1 ONCE MORE1 ?IS TAUTOLOGY ( ,SOCIETY-,DIV9ITY1 IF IT IS TRUE1 AS IS PRET5D$1 ?AT ! !OLOGICAL HYPO!SIS CONTA9S NO?+ O!R ?AN ! IDEAL ( HUMAN SOCIETY1 ! PRECONCEIV$ TYPE ( HUMANITY TRANSFIGUR$ BY EQUALITY1 SOLID>ITY1 LABOR1 & LOVE8 

,C]TA9LY1 IF !RE IS A PREJUDICE1 A MY/ICISM1 :I* N[ SEEMS TO ME DECEPTIVE 9 A HI< DEGREE1 IT IS NO LONG] ,CA?OLICISM1 :I* IS DISAPPE>+1 BUT RA!R ?IS HUMANIT>Y PHILOSOPHY1 MAK+ MAN A HOLY & SACR$ BE+ ON ! /R5G? ( A SPECULATION TOO LE>N$ NOT TO HAVE SOME?+ ( ! >BITR>Y 9 ITS COMPOSITION2 PROCLAIM+ HIM ,GOD1 -- ?AT IS1 ESS5TIALLY GOOD & ORD]LY 9 ALL HIS P[]S1 9 SPITE ( ! DI%E>T5+ EVID5CE :I* HE CONT9UALLY GIVES ( HIS D\BTFUL MORALITY2 ATTRIBUT+ HIS VISES TO ! CON/RA9T 9 :I* HE HAS LIV$1 & PROMIS+ FROM HIM 9 COMPLETE LIB]TY ACTS ( ! PURE/ DEVOTION1 BECAUSE 9 ! MY?S 9 :I* HUMANITY1 ACCORD+ TO ?IS PHILOSOPHY1 HAS PA9T$ ITSELF1 WE F9D DESCRIB$ & OPPOS$ TO EA* O!R1 UND] ! NAMES ( HELL & P>ADISE1 A TIME ( CON/RA9T & P5ALTY & AN ]A ( HAPP9ESS & 9DEP5D5CE6 ,) SU* A DOCTR9E IT W\LD SUFFICE -- & MOREOV] IT W\LD BE 9EVITABLE -- = MAN TO RECOGNIZE ?AT HE IS NEI!R ,GOD1 NOR GOOD1 NOR HOLY1 NOR WISE1 9 ORD] TO FALL BACK IMM$IATELY 9TO ! >MS ( RELIGION2 SO ?AT 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS ALL ?AT ! WORLD WILL HAVE GA9$ BY ! D5IAL ( ,GOD WILL BE ! RESURRECTION ( ,GOD4 

,SU* IS NOT MY VIEW ( ! MEAN+ ( ! RELIGI\S FABLES4 ,HUMANITY1 9 RECOGNIZ+ ,GOD AS ITS AU?OR1 ITS MA/]1 ITS ALT] EGO1 HAS SIMPLY DET]M9$ ITS [N ESS5CE BY AN ANTI!SIS1 -- AN ECLECTIC ESS5CE1 FULL ( CONTRA/S1 EMANAT$ FROM ! 9F9ITE & CONTRADICTORY ( ! 9F9ITE1 DEVELOP$ 9 TIME & ASPIR+ TO ET]NITY1 & = ALL !SE REASONS FALLIBLE1 AL?\< GUID$ BY ! S5TIM5T ( BEAUTY & ORD]4 ,HUMANITY IS ! DAU<T] ( ,GOD1 AS EV]Y OPPOSITION IS ! DAU<T] ( A PREVI\S POSITION3 ?AT IS :Y HUMANITY HAS =M$ ,GOD LIKE ITSELF1 HAS L5T HIM ITS [N ATTRIBUTES1 BUT ALWAYS BY GIV+ !M A SPECIFIC *>ACT]1 -- ?AT IS1 BY DEF9+ ,GOD 9 CONTRADICTION ( ITSELF4 ,HUMANITY IS A SPECT] TO ,GOD1 JU/ AS ,GOD IS A SPECT] TO HUMANITY2 EA* ( ! TWO IS ! O!R'S CAUSE1 REASON1 & 5D ( EXI/5CE4 

,IT WAS NOT 5\<1 !N1 TO HAVE DEMON/RAT$1 BY CRITICISM ( RELIGI\S IDEAS1 ?AT ! CONCEPTION ( ! DIV9E ME LEADS BACK TO ! P]CEPTION ( ! HUMAN ME2 IT WAS ALSO NECESS>Y TO V]IFY ?IS D$UCTION BY A CRITICISM ( HUMANITY ITSELF1 & TO SEE :E!R ?IS HUMANITY SATISFIES ! CONDITIONS ?AT ITS APP>5T DIV9ITY SUPPOSES4 ,N[1 SU* IS ! TASK ?AT WE SOLEMNLY 9AUGURAT$ :51 />T+ AT ONCE ) HUMAN REALITY & ! DIV9E HYPO!SIS1 WE BEGAN TO UNROLL ! HI/ORY ( SOCIETY 9 ITS ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS & SPECULATIVE ?\<TS4 

,WE HAVE %[N1 ON ! ONE H&1 ?AT MAN1 AL?\< 9CIT$ BY ! ANTAGONISM ( HIS IDEAS1 & AL?\< UP TO A C]TA9 PO9T EXCUSABLE1 DOES EVIL GRATUIT\SLY & BY ! BE/IAL IMPULSE ( HIS PASSIONS1 :I* >E REPUGNANT TO ! *>ACT] ( A FREE1 9TELLIG5T1 & HOLY BE+4 ,WE HAVE %[N1 ON ! O!R H&1 ?AT ! NATURE ( MAN IS NOT H>MONI\SLY & SYN!TICALLY CON/ITUT$1 BUT =M$ BY AN AGGLOM]ATION ( ! POT5TIALITIES SPECIALIZ$ 9 EA* CREATURE1 -- A CIRCUM/ANCE :I*1 9 REVEAL+ TO US ! PR9CIPLE ( ! DISORD]S COMMITT$ BY HUMAN LIB]TY1 HAS F9I%$ ! DEMON/RATION ( ! NON-DIV9ITY ( \R RACE4 ,F9ALLY1 AFT] HAV+ PROV$ ?AT 9 ,GOD PROVID5CE NOT ONLY DOES NOT EXI/1 BUT IS IMPOSSIBLE2 AFT] HAV+1 9 O!R WORDS1 SEP>AT$ ! DIV9E ATTRIBUTES ( ! 9F9ITE ,BE+ FROM ! AN?ROPOMORPHIC ATTRIBUTES1 -- WE HAVE CONCLUD$1 CONTR>Y TO ! AFFIRMATIONS ( ! OLD !ODICY1 ?AT1 RELATIVELY TO ! DE/9Y ( MAN1 A DE/9Y ESS5TIALLY PROGRESSIVE1 9TELLIG5CE & LIB]TY 9 ,GOD SUFF]$ A CONTRA/1 A SORT ( LIMITATION & DIM9UTION1 RESULT+ FROM HIS ET]NAL1 IMMUTABLE1 & 9F9ITE NATURE2 SO ?AT MAN1 9/EAD ( ADOR+ 9 ,GOD HIS SOV]EIGN & HIS GUIDE1 C\LD & %\LD LOOK ON HIM ONLY AS HIS ANTAGONI/4 ,& ?IS LA/ CONSID]ATION WILL SUFFICE TO MAKE US REJECT HUMANISM ALSO1 AS T5D+ 9V9CIBLY1 BY ! DEIFICATION ( HUMANITY1 TO A RELIGI\S RE/ORATION4 ,! TRUE REM$Y = FANATICISM1 9 \R VIEW1 IS NOT TO ID5TIFY HUMANITY ) ,GOD1 :I* AM\NTS TO AFFIRM+1 9 SOCIAL ECONOMY COMMUNISM1 9 PHILOSOPHY MY/ICISM & ! /ATUS QUO2 IT IS TO PROVE TO HUMANITY ?AT ,GOD1 9 CASE !RE IS A ,GOD1 IS ITS 5EMY4 

,:AT SOLUTION WILL RESULT LAT] FROM !SE DATA8 ,WILL ,GOD1 9 ! 5D1 BE F\ND TO BE A REALITY8 

,I DO NOT KN[ :E!R ,I %ALL EV] KN[4 ,IF IT IS TRUE1 ON ! ONE H&1 ?AT ,I HAVE TODAY NO MORE REASON = AFFIRM+ ! REALITY ( MAN1 AN ILLOGICAL & CONTRADICTORY BE+1 ?AN ! REALITY ( ,GOD1 AN 9CONCEIVABLE & UNMANIFE/$ BE+1 ,I KN[ AT LEA/1 FROM ! RADICAL OPPOSITION ( !SE TWO NATURES1 ?AT ,I HAVE NO?+ TO HOPE OR TO FE> FROM ! MY/]I\S AU?OR :OM MY CONSCI\SNESS 9VOLUNT>ILY SUPPOSES2 ,I KN[ ?AT MY MO/ AU!NTIC T5D5CIES SEP>ATE ME DAILY FROM ! CONTEMPLATION ( ?IS IDEA2 ?AT PRACTICAL A!ISM MU/ BE H5CE=? ! LAW ( MY HE>T & MY REASON2 ?AT FROM OBS]VABLE NECESSITY ,I MU/ CONT9UALLY LE>N ! RULE ( MY CONDUCT2 ?AT ANY MY/ICAL COMM&M5T1 ANY DIV9E RI<T1 :I* %\LD BE PROPOS$ TO ME1 MU/ BE REJECT$ & COMBAT$ BY ME2 ?AT A RETURN TO ,GOD ?R\< RELIGION1 IDL5ESS1 IGNORANCE1 OR SUBMISSION1 IS AN \TRAGE UPON MYSELF2 & ?AT IF ,I MU/ SOMETIME BE RECONCIL$ ) ,GOD1 ?IS RECONCILIATION1 IMPOSSIBLE AS LONG AS ,I LIVE & 9 :I* ,I %\LD HAVE EV]Y?+ TO GA9 & NO?+ TO LOSE1 CAN BE ACCOMPLI%$ ONLY BY MY DE/RUCTION4 

,LET US !N CONCLUDE1 & 9SCRIBE UPON ! COLUMN :I* MU/ S]VE AS A L&M>K 9 \R LAT] RESE>*ES3 

,! LEGISLATOR DI/RU/S MAN1 AN ABRIDGM5T ( NATURE & A SYNCRETISM ( ALL BE+S4 ,HE DOES NOT RELY ON ,PROVID5CE1 AN 9ADMISSIBLE FACULTY 9 ! 9F9ITE M9D4 

,BUT1 ATT5TIVE TO ! SUCCESSION ( PH5OM5A1 SUBMISSIVE TO ! LESSONS ( DE/9Y1 HE SEEKS 9 NECESSITY ! LAW ( HUMANITY1 ! P]PETUAL PROPHECY ( HIS FUTURE4 

,HE REMEMB]S ALSO1 SOMETIMES1 ?AT1 IF ! S5TIM5T ( ,DIV9ITY IS GR[+ WEAK] AMONG M52 IF 9SPIRATION FROM ABOVE IS GRADUALLY )DRAW+ TO GIVE PLACE TO ! D$UCTIONS ( EXP]I5CE2 IF !RE IS A MORE & MORE FLAGRANT SEP>ATION ( MAN & ,GOD2 IF ?IS PROGRESS1 ! =M & CONDITION ( \R LIFE1 ESCAPES ! P]CEPTIONS ( AN 9F9ITE & CONSEQU5TLY NON-HI/ORIC 9TELLIG5CE2 IF1 TO SAY IT ALL1 APPEAL TO ,PROVID5CE ON ! P>T ( A GOV]NM5T IS AT ONCE A C[>DLY HYPOCRISY & A ?REAT AGA9/ LIB]TY1 -- NEV]!LESS ! UNIV]SAL CONS5T ( ! PEOPLES1 MANIFE/$ BY ! E/ABLI%M5T ( SO MANY DIFF]5T FAI?S1 & ! =EV] 9SOLUBLE CONTRADICTION :I* /RIKES HUMANITY 9 ITS IDEAS1 ITS MANIFE/ATIONS1 & ITS T5D5CIES 9DICATE A SECRET RELATION ( \R S\L1 & ?R\< IT ( 5TIRE NATURE1 ) ! 9F9ITE1 -- A RELATION ! DET]M9ATION ( :I* W\LD EXPRESS AT ! SAME TIME ! MEAN+ ( ! UNIV]SE & ! REASON ( \R EXI/5CE4  

,5,D ,( ,V,O,L,U,M,E ,F,I,R,/4 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahde 3 ,*APT] #h1 ,SECTION #h4#b -- ,PUBLICATION4 
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