,/IRN]1 ! ,9DIVIDUAL @& ,AN>*ISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CONOR ,MC,L\<L9 

,TEXT 3 

,MAX ,/IRN] IS A RELATIVELY OBSCURE FIGURE 9 AN>*I/ & LEFT W+ ?\<T4 ,HE HAS 9FLU5C$ MANY :O REG>D !MSELVES AS AN>*O-9DIVIDUALI/S SU* AS ! ,AM]ICANS1 ,LYS&] ,SPOON] & ,B5JAM9 ,TUCK] & MOD]N POLEMICI/S SU* AS ,BOB ,BLACK4 ,HE ALSO HAS SOME FOLL[+ AMONG AN>*O-COMMUNI/S1 NOTABLY 9 ,GLASG[ :]E A ,/IRN]I/ TRADITION HAS P]SI/$ TO ?IS DAY4 ,/IRN] WAS AN EGOI/ :O RAIL$ AGA9/ ALL DOCTR9ES & BELIEFS :I* DEM&$ A SUBORD9ATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL WILL TO !IR LEAD]%IP4 ,SO Y\ MI<T ASK :Y ,I %\LD BE 9T]E/$ 9 TRY+ TO \TL9E SOME ( HIS IDEAS 9 ! MAGAZ9E ( AN ORGANIZATION COMMITT$ TO A COLLECTIVE AN>*O-COMMUNI/ VISION ( SOCIETY8 ,I W\LD SAY = TWO REASONS4 

,FIR/LY ,/IRN]'S IDEAS >E ! P]FECT CORRECTIVE TO ?OSE EXP\ND$ BY AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/S4 ,9DE$1 !Y CAME TO REALIZE ?IS V]Y QUICKLY & CONDEMN$ ,/IRN] ALMO/ FROM DAY ONE4 ,M>X & ,5GELS DEVOT$ A :OLE #c-PAGE BOOK TO D5\NC+ HIS IDEAS -- 0,! ,G]MAN ,IDEOLOGY0 PUBLI%$ 9 #a#h#d#f4 ,! SEMI HY/]ICAL & P]SONAL NATURE ( ! CRITICISMS TELL US JU/ H[ WORRI$ !Y W]E4 ,!Y CONDEMN$ HIM AS 0! EMPTIE/1 %ALL[E/ BRA9 AMONG ! PHILOSOPH]S0 :OSE 0:OLE ACTIVITY IS LIMIT$ TO TRY+ A FEW1 HACKNEY$1 CASUI/ICAL TRICKS ON ! WORLD H&$ D[N TO HIM BY PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITION40 ,?IS EF=T ALONE SU* SURELY AL]T US ?AT ! FACT ?AT HE MI<T BE SAY+ SOME?+ 9T]E/+6 ,/IRN]'S ABSOLUTE CONTEMPT = ?OSE :O W\LD BE MA/]S ALL[$ HIM TO CLE>LY & ACCURATELY PR$ICT ! DISA/] ?AT HAPP5$ :5 SOCIALI/ IDEAS W]E ELEVAT$ TO ! LEVEL ( A /ATE RELIGION3  
  

0,SOCIETY1 FROM :I* WE HAVE EV]Y?+1 IS A NEW MA/]1 A NEW SPOOK1 A NEW 'SUPREME BE+' :I* 'TAKES US 9TO IT S]VICE & ALLEGIANCE4'0  
  

,!RE'S A SECOND & DEEP] RELEVANCE TO HIS ?9K+ ?\<4 ,ALL AN>*I/S /RIVE TO MAXIMIZE 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY4 ,9 ! ,WORK]S ,SOLID>ITY ,MOVEM5T \R AIM IS TO MAXIMIZE 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM ?R\< COLLECTIVE MEANS4 ,BUT 9 ORD] TO DO ?IS IT IS IMPORTANT ?AT PEOPLE >E COMMITT$ TO ! IDEAS ( COLLECTIVELY ORGANIZ+ ) O!RS4 ,?IS IS AN IDEA ?AT IS COMMON TO AN>*I/S & MANY O!RS ON ! LEFT4 ,H[EV] MU* LESS TIME IS DEVOT$1 EV5 BY AN>*I/S1 TO ?9K+ AB\T :AT IT W\LD ACTUALLY MEAN TO LIVE 9 AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY4 ,FRE$OM CANNOT BE H&$ \T4 ,IT IS ONLY MEAN+FUL TO PEOPLE :O REALLY DESIRE IT & ?AT MEANS /RONG 9DIVIDUALS KN[+ :AT !Y WANT4 ,:AT DOES IT MEAN TO BE FREE OR AS ,/IRN] PUTS IT 0SELF [N$08 ,UNLESS WE REALLY APPRECIATE :AT ?IS MEANS & H[ VALUABLE IT IS !N WE MI<T AS WELL GIVE UP & LET ! /ATE & ! CAPITALI/S DO \R ?9K+ = US6 

,:AT W]E HIS IDEAS8 

  

,SURELY IF SOCIALISM IS ANY?+ IT IS ! OPPOSITE ( SELFI%NESS & EGOISM4 ,9 FACT OPPON5TS (T5 >GUE ?AT1 :ILE ! IDEAS ( SOCIALISM & AN>*ISM >E ATTRACTIVE1 HUMAN GRE$ MAKES IT UNREALIZABLE 9 PRACTICE4 ,WE >E TOLD ?AT IT'S ! 0NATURAL0 GRE$Y CONDITION ( HUMANITY ?AT MAKES SOCIALISM AN IMPOSSIBLE DREAM4 ,YET :AT IF IT WAS ALL TURN$ ON ITS HEAD8 ,:AT IF SOCIALISM SPRUNG FIR/LY FROM A GRE$Y SNAT*+ AT LIFE'S POSSIBILITIES TO TURN !M TO P]SONAL ADVANTAGE8 ,:AT IF IT WAS \R [N 9DIVIDUAL GRE$ & EGOISM ?AT PULL$ US \T ( CAPITALISM & 9TO A NEW WORLD8 ,! GREAT >E ONLY GREAT BECAUSE WE >E ON \R KNEES2 :AT HAPP5S IF WE ALL GET UP8 ,?IS IS ! P>ADOX SUGGE/$ BY ,/IRN] 9 0,! ,EGO & ,ITS ,[N0 

,MAX ,/IRN] 7REAL NAME ,CASP> ,S*MIDT7 WAS A MEMB] ( A SMALL GR\P ( LEFT LEAN+ ,G]MAN 9TELLECTUALS /YL+ !MSELVES 0! FREE0 & 9CLUD+ ,M>X & ,5GELS4 ,/IRN] WROTE MANY ESSAYS1 COMPIL$ & $IT$ 0A HI/ORY ( REACTION0 & TRANSLAT$ WORKS BY ,ADAM ,SMI?4 ,H[EV] ?IS BOOK IS HIS ONLY COMPLET$ ORIG9AL WORK4 ,BE=E ,I LAUN* 9TO SOME ( ! IDEAS CONTA9$ 9 ! BOOK1 IT IS ONLY FAIR TO W>N ANYONE :O DOES GET !IR H&S ON IT ?AT IT IS NOT AN EASY READ4 ,9 FACT IT IS V]Y BADLY WRITT5 & ,I CAN ONLY PITY ! TRANSLATOR4 ,FIR/LY ,/IRN] CAN S>CA/ICALLY QUOTE SUMM>IES ( O!R PEOPLE'S IDEAS AS IF HE AGRE$ ) !M & !N SUDD5LY SWIT* TO HIS [N VIEWS4 ,SECONDLY !RE IS A HI< LEVEL ( AB/RACTION 9 ! BOOK ) (T5 ! SAME WORD SU* AS 0MAN0 BE+ US$ TO MEAN V]Y DIFF]5T ?+S )9 ! SAME P>AGRAPH4 ,?AT HAV+ BE5 SAID A PATI5T READ+ WILL GIVE MANY REW>DS6 

,! BOOK IS A SE>+ ATTACK ON ALL AB/RACT BELIEF SY/EMS1 />T+ & WORK+ \T FROM RELIGI\S IDEAS TO 5COMPASS ALL POLITICAL BELIEFS AS BE+ RELIGI\S 9 NATURE4 ,! FIR/ P>AGRAPH SETS ! TONE1 ) ,/IRN] S>CA/ICALLY PUTT+ =W>D :AT HE SEES AS ! 5EMY'S L9E3  
  

0,:AT IS NOT SUPPOS$ TO BE MY CONC]N1 FIR/ & =EMO/1 ! GOOD CAUSE1 !N ,GOD'S CAUSE1 ! CAUSE ( MANK9D1 ( TRU?1 ( FRE$OM1 ( HUMANITY1 ( JU/ICE1 FUR!R1 ! CAUSE ( MY PEOPLE1 MY PR9CE1 MY FA!RL&4 ,F9ALLY EV5 ! CAUSE ( M9D & A ?\S& O!R CAUSES4 ,ONLY MY CAUSE IS NEV] TO BE MY CONC]N 0%AME ON ! EGOI/ :O ?9KS ONLY ( HIMSELF40  
  

,HE />TS ) RELIGION4 ,HE BELIEVES ?AT ! CONCEPT ( SPIRITUAL MAN FIR/ EM]G$ AMONG ! ,GREEKS & !N WAS RE9=C$ ) ,*RI/IANITY4 ,! IDEA ( SPIRITUAL MAN IS ?AT MAN'S E>?LY CONC]NS TAKE SECOND PLACE4 ,! !SIS IS FIR/ SOLD ( A SPIRITUAL & IDEAL P]SON BEYOND ! PRES5T ORD9>Y E>?LY P]SON4 ,9 CONTEMPLATION ( ?IS IDEALIZ$ SPIRIT ?AT DWELLS 9 EV]YONE 79 ! S5SE ?AT !Y >E SUPPOS$ TO BE 0,GOD'S IMAGE07 ALL IMM$IATE BODILY CONC]NS FALL AWAY4 ,! ,*RI/IAN AIMS TO DO AWAY ) 0! VANITY0 ( ! PRES5T WORLD & 0R5\NCE0 !IR IMM$IATE LIFE 9 FAVOR ( A FUTURE P>ADISE4 

,HE GOES ON TO ! FIR/ PHILOSOPH]S TO QUE/ION RELIGI\S BELIEFS -- !Y CONT9U$ TO ACCEPT ! SPIRITUAL WORLD AS ! IMPORTANT ONE4 ,DESC>TES DECL>ES1 0,I ?9K !RE=E ,I AM0 NOT ,I EAT !RE=E ,I AM OR ,I HAVE A SMOKE !RE=E ,I AM6 ,PEOPLE >E DEF9$ BY !IR ?9K+ :I* IS AB/RACT & SPIRITUAL 9 ! G5]AL S5SE 7Y\ C\LD >GUE ?AT ?9K+ DOES DRAW A CONSID]ABLE AM\NT FROM REAL EXP]I5CE BUT HE DOESN'T GO 9TO ?IS74 ,SO SPIRITUAL ?+S \TSIDE ! ACTUAL REAL EXP]I5C$ LIFE ( ! P]SON W]E /ILL ELEVAT$ ABOVE & ALI5AT$ FROM !IR DAY TO DAY LIVES4 

,/IRN]'S MO/ ORIG9AL IDEA1 TO MY M9D1 IS TO %[ H[ SECUL> LIB]ALS & SOCIALI/S1 9 AIM+ TO DO AWAY ) ,GOD & SPIRITUALITY1 JU/ ]ECT$ A NEW $IFICE ONTO :I* DAY TO DAY CONC]NS C\LD BE SACRIFIC$4 ,?IS $IFICE WAS 0MAN0 7APOLOGIES BUT ,I HAVE TO /ICK TO HIS WORD+ -- PRESUMABLY HE MEANT ?IS TO MEAN BO? SEXES74 

,ACCORD+ TO ,/IRN]1 LIB]ALS1 HUMANI/S1 COMMUNI/S1 AN>*I/S & SO =? HAVE JU/ REPLAC$ ,GOD ) MAN4 ,SO SOME IDEAL FUTURE VISION IS EXP\ND$ = HUMANITY AS A :OLE TO MOVE T[>DS4 ,:]E Y\ >E AT PRES5T IS NOT NE>LY AS IMPORTANT AS :AT Y\ MI<T ONE DAY BECOME4 ,!Y >E 9T]E/$ 9 MAN 9 ! AB/RACT NOT ! ACTUAL LIVES ( 9DIVIDUAL P]SONS4 ,?IS LEADS TO AN 9T]E/+ /ATEM5T ( :AT PSY*OLOGI/S TODAY SOMETIMES CALL 0DEF]R$ GRATIFICATION0 -- Y\ >E ALWAYS TRY+ TO REA* SOME IDEAL V]SION ( Y\RSELF3  
  

0,!RE=E OV] EA* M9UTE ( Y\R EXI/5CE1 A FRE% M9UTE ( ! FUTURE BECKONS TO Y\1 &1 DEVELOP+ Y\RSELF1 Y\ GET AWAY 'FROM Y\RSELF4'0  
  

,9 O!R WORDS Y\ >E SOME?+ TO BE REA*$4 ,AN IDEAL V]SION ( Y\RSELF IS HELD OV] Y\ AS A T>GET TO AIM =4 ,Y\ NEV] REALLY />T FROM Y\RSELF BECAUSE Y\'RE ALWAYS TRY+ TO REA* IT4 ,Y\ >E ALI5AT$ FROM Y\RSELF6 

,O,K P]HAPS N[ IT IS BECOM+ APP>5T JU/ H[ AB/RACT SOME ( ! IDEAS >E6 ,BUT !RE >E IMM$IATE PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS4 ,IF Y\ SKET* AN IDEAL ( :AT WE MU/ BECOME Y\ CAN ALSO IMPOSE RE/RICTIONS ON US4 ,IF EV]YONE OBEYS ! LAW \T ( RESPECT !N Y\ NE$ V]Y FEW COPS4 ,IDEAS >E 9T]NALIZ$ & SELF-DISCIPL9E TURNS \T GOOD CITIZ5S4 ,N[ !RE IS ALWAYS SOME AB/RACT MORALITY1 SOME P>TY L9E ?AT HAS TO BE GUILTILY ADH]$ TO4 

,FROM AN E>LY AGE CONCEPTS ( PROP]TY1 S9 & GUILT >E DRUMM$ 9 TO US ?R\< FAMILY1 *UR*1 S*OOL1 M$IA & POLITICIANS4 ,!SE SET ! LIMITS = :AT Y\ CAN & CAN'T DO4 ,! IDEAS -- OR 0SPOOKS0 AS ,/IRN] T]MS !M ( MORALITY1 RESPECT = PRIVATE PROP]TY ETC KEEP PEOPLE 9 L9E4 ,Y\ C\LD LIVE 9 POV]TY FROM BIR? BUT1 AS HE PUTS IT1 0,Y\ MU/ NOT PICK UP A P9 UNLESS Y\ HAVE GOT LEAVE TO DO SO40 

,!SE IDEAS >E PROGRAMM$ 9 & EV5 RESPECT$ & 5C\RAG$ BY ?OSE AIM+ TO *ANGE SOCIETY4 ,ONCE !Y >E ACCEPT$ & 9T]NALIZ$ PEOPLE OBEY ! RULES NOT BECAUSE !Y >E =C$ TO BUT BECAUSE !Y ?9K IT IS RI<T & PROP] TO DO SO3 0,EV]Y ,PRUSSIAN C>RIES HIS G5D>ME 9 HIS BREA/0 

,EGOISM 9 ,PRACTICE 

  

,/IRN]'S CRITIQUE IS F> REA*+ BUT :AT DOES HE (F] AS A SOLUTION & H[ CAN IT BE REALIZ$ GIV5 ?AT ! IDEAS SEEM TO RULE \T GETT+ 9VOLV$ 9 ANY COLLECTIVE /RUGGLE T[>DS AN AB/RACT IDEA ( H[ ?+S %\LD BE DONE6 

,FIR/ ( ALL HE DISMISSES ALL TALK ( FRE$OM4 ,/IRN] VIEWS ! CONCEPT ( FRE$OM AS A DANG]\S 0SPOOK04 ,IT IMPLIES ABS5CE ( WANT 7FRE$OM FROM SOME?+7 RA!R !N CONF]S ANY P>TICUL> B5EFIT4 ,IT'S A NEGATIVE DEF9ITION & EASY = ANYONE TO USE AS A PLAT=M FROM :I* TO SELL !IR IDEAS4 ,9/EAD HE CALLS = PEOPLE TO BECOME 0SELF [N$40 ,?IS MEANS SIMPLY TO PUT Y\RSELF AT ! C5T] ( ?+S & !N TO MAKE AS MU* ( ! WORLD AS POSSIBLE Y\R PROP]TY4 ,SO Y\ [N ! IDEAS & BELIEF SY/EMS RA!R ?AN VICE V]SA & EV]Y?+ IS ANALYZ$ ACCORD+ TO H[ USEFUL IT IS TO Y\4 ,( C\RSE1 AS HE MAKES CLE>1 Y\ FIR/ ( ALL HAVE TO KN[ :O Y\ >E AS SEP>AT$ \T FROM ! IDEAS OR PASSIONS :I* MAY BE 9 *>GE AT ANY GIV5 MOM5T4 ,9 AN IDEA1 :I* WAS LAT]1 TO BE P9*$ BY ,NIETZS*E 70,BEYOND ,GOOD & ,EVIL07 AMONG O!RS HE PROCLAIMS3  
  

0,AWAY ) EV]Y CONC]N ?AT IS NOT ALTOGE!R MY CONC]N8 ,:AT'S GOOD1 :AT'S BAD8 ,:Y1 ,I MYSELF AM MY CONC]N & ,I AM NEI!R GOOD NOR BAD4 ,NEI!R HAS ANY MEAN+ = ME0  
  

,:AT SORT ( SOCIETY W\LD ?IS LEAD TO8 ,?\< V]Y MU* AN 9DIVIDUALI/ ,/IRN] GIVES US A FEW GLIMPSES ( :AT HE T]MS HIS 0,UNION ( ,EGOI/S04 ,! UNION IS A VOLUNT>Y /RUCTURE =M$ BY ITS MEMB]S 9 !IR [N IMM$IATE 9T]E/S4 ,?IS IS A UNION ( SELF-CONFESS$ SELFI% PEOPLE1 :I* !Y LEAVE AS SOON AS !IR 9T]E/S >E NOT BE+ DELIV]$4 ,/IRN] HAS MORE FAI? 9 ?IS SY/EM ?AN 9 ANY /ATE OR POLITICAL P>TY4 ,9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS HE SAYS3 0,I W\LD RA!R BE REF]R$ TO M5'S SELFI%NESS ?AN !IR K9DNESS40 ,( C\RSE HE W\LD NOT FAVOR ANY =M ( COLLECTIVE ACTION TO REALIZE ?IS SOCIETY4 ,! ONLY R\TE HE COMES UP ) IS ! RA!R WORRY+ 0W> ( ALL AGA9/ ALL04 ,HE CALLS = AN 9SURRECTION ( ALL 9DIVIDUALS AIM+ NOT TO OV]?R[ EXI/+ 9/ITUTIONS BUT TO MOVE BEYOND !M 9 SOME VAGUE WAY4 

,:AT IS HIS RELEVANCE TODAY8 

  

,MANY W\LD AGREE ?AT ,/IRN] HAD SOME 9T]E/+ IDEAS & C\LD SEE HIM AS SOME?+ ( A FIGURE = 9DIVIDUALI/S OR EV5 LIB]T>IAN FREE M>KETE]S4 ,DOES ,/IRN] HAVE RELEVANCE TO AN>*O COMMUNI/S ?\<8 ,AS M5TION$ E>LI] ,I ?9K HE HAS4 

,FIR/LY1 ( C\RSE1 HE S]VES AS A CONT9U\S W>N+ AGA9/ LEFTIES1 NATIONALI/S1 RELIGI\S FANATICS & ANYONE :O LETS AB/RACT IDEAS RUN AWAY ) !M4 ,AS LONG AS GR\PS EXI/ ) AB/RACT S*EMES TO 0LIB]ATE0 OR 0FREE0 0SUFF]+ & OPPRESS$0 HUMANITY !RE WILL BE NEW /ATES1 NEW RULES3  
  

0,! HI]>*Y LA/S AS LONG AS ! P>SONS1 ?AT IS1 !OLOGIANS1 PHILOSOPH]S1 /ATESM51 PHILI/9ES1 LIB]ALS1 S*OOLMA/]S1 S]VANTS1 P>5TS1 *ILDR51 M>RI$ C\PLES1 ,PR\DHON1 ,GEORGE ,S&1 ,BLUNTS*I & O!RS HAVE ! FLOOR1 ! HI]>*Y WILL 5DURE0  
  

,SECONDLY HE LOCATES ! URGE TO REBEL -- ! NE$ TO REBEL -- )9 PEOPLE'S REAL & ACTUAL CONDITIONS ( LIFE4 ,ONE ( ! PO9TS HE CON/ANTLY HAMM]S HOME IS ?AT ! RI* >E RI* BECAUSE ! POOR DO NOT SEE CLE>LY !IR [N SELF-9T]E/S4 ,PEOPLE :O VOLUNT>ILY SUBMIT TO OPPRESSION LOSE ! RI<T TO COMPLA94 ,ANYWAY IF !Y ONLY COMPLA9 OR USE AB/RACT CONCEPTS ( RI<TS & FRE$OMS TO BE H&$ TO !M BY !IR MA/]S !Y WILL BE IGNOR$4 ,PEOPLE HAVE TO RISE UP TO REALIZE !IR [N SELF-9T]E/S -- 0,TO :AT PROP]TY AM ,I 5TITL$8 ,TO EV]Y PROP]TY TO :I* ,I EMP[] MYSELF40 ,IF Y\ FEEL Y\ >E UND] VALU$ Y\ MU/ RAISE Y\R PRICE6 

,F9ALLY ! CONCEPT ( ! 9DIVIDUAL IS C5TRAL TO AN>*I/ BELIEFS4 ,WE 7UNLIKE ,/IRN]7 WI% TO MAXIMIZE 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM ?R\< COLLECTIVE MEANS4 ,H[EV] ! ROLE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 REVOLUTION IS NOT GREATLY EXPLOR$4 ,! F9AL V]SION ( AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY %\LD1 ,I ?9K1 LOOK V]Y LIKE ,/IRN]'S ,UNION ( ,EGOI/S -- ) PEOPLE FREELY ASSOCIAT+ 9 PURSUIT ( !IR [N 9T]E/S 7,O,K !SE MI<T BE LONG T]M RA!R ?AN IMM$IATE74 ,UNLESS IT IS BUILT BY 0SELF [N$0 PEOPLE !N IT CAN EASILY BE DEFEAT$ OR DRIV5 9 A ,/ATI/ DIRECTION4 ,PEOPLE :O HAVE REALLY F\ND !MSELVES & KN[ !Y >E FI<T+ = !MSELVES DON'T GIVE 9 TOO EASILY4 ,A /ATELESS SOCIETY CAN ONLY BE BUILT BY PEOPLE :O SEE IT AS BE+ 9 !IR [N REAL 9T]E/S4 ,AS ,/IRN] PUTS IT3  
  

0,! IMPUD5T LADS WILL NO LONG] LET ANY?+ BE :9$ & *ATT]$ 9TO !M BY Y\1 & WILL HAVE NO SYMPA?Y = ALL ! FOLLIES = :I* Y\ HAVE BE5 RAV+ & DRIVEL+ S9CE ! MEMORY ( MAN BEGAN4444 ,IF Y\ COMM& !M1 'B5D BE=E ! ,MO/ ,HI<' !Y WILL ANSW]4 ,IF HE WANTS TO B5D US1 LET HIM COME HIMSELF & DO IT2 WE1 AT LEA/1 WILL NOT B5D ( \R [N ACCORD40  
  

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #h? ,AUGU/ #bba FROM /RUGGLE4WS47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,/IRN]1 ! ,9DIVIDUAL @& ,AN>*ISM -- ,ADD$4 

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