,*APT] #c 
,*RONOLOGY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE 

,TEXT 3 

,*RONOLOGY 

  
   #i ,JULY #aidc   ,ALLIES L& 9 ,SICILY FLY+ ,MAFIA COLORS4 ,G]MANS RETREAT TO A DEF5SIVE L9E ACROSS ! P59SULA NOR? ( ,NAPLES4   #be ,JULY #aidc   ,FOLL[+ TALKS BETWE5 ,HITL] & ,MUSSOL9I AT ,FELTRE1 ,FASCI/ ,GR& ,C\NCIL 9VITE ,K+ ,VICTOR ,EMMANUEL TO ASSUME SUPREME COMM&4 ,MUSSOL9I IS >RE/$4   #bh ,JULY #aidc   ,FASCI/ ,P>TY DISSOLV$4   #ab ,SEPT #aidc   ,OTTO ,SKORZ5Y FREES ,MUSSOL9I :O ASSUMES LEAD]%IP ( ! ,REPUBBLICA ,SOCIALE ,ITALIANA 7,SALO ,REPUBLIC74   #d ,JUNE #aidd   ,ALLIES OCCUPY ,ROME4 ,COMM& ( ,U,S ,(FICE ( ,/RATEGIC ,S]VICES 7,O,S,S! =]UNN] ( ! ,C,I,A7 PASSES TO ,COLONEL ,CLIFTON ,T4 ,C>T]1 AN ADMIR] ( ,M>%AL ,PIETRO ,BADOGLIO1 =M] ,ITALIAN ,>MY ,*IEF ( ,/AFF :O HAD L$ ! ASSAULT ON DEF5SELESS ,E?IOPIA4 ,C>T]'S EXECUTIVE (FIC] IS ,MAJOR ,JAMES ,H4 ,ANGLETON1 AN EXPATRIATE BUS9ESSMAN :O [NS A SUBSIDI>Y ( ! ,NATIONAL ,CA% ,REGI/] ,COMPANY 9 ,MILAN4 ,C>T] S5DS HIS EXECUTIVE (FIC]'S SON1 ,JAMES ,JESUS ,ANGLETON1 :O HAD /UDI$ 9 ,ITALY PRIOR TO ! W> & HAD CLOSE RI<TW+ & NE(ASCI/ CONNECTIONS1 TO ,ROME TO HEAD ! SPECIAL OP]ATIONS SECTION ( ! ,O,S,S4 ,FROM ! MOM5T HE >RIVES 9 ,ROME ,ANGLETON REE/ABLI%ES CLOSE CONTACT ) FASCI/ & RI<T W+ ORGANIZATIONS & CL&E/9E ANTICOMMUNI/ MOVEM5TS FROM :OSE RANKS HE RECRUITS HIS SPECIAL OP]ATIONS P]SONNEL4 

,ANGLETON BECOMES ! KEY ,AM]ICAN FIGURE CONTROLL+ ALL RI<T W+ & NE(ASCI/ POLITICAL & P>AMILIT>Y GR\PS 9 ,ITALY 9 ! PO/W> P]IOD4 ,AS 9 ,G]MANY1 ,U,S SECRET S]VICE 9VOLVEM5T ) & COMMITM5T TO ! F> RI<T DUR+ ?IS P]IOD FACILITATES ! REBIR? ( NE(ASCISM & ! EXTREME RI<T AS ! DOM9ANT =CE )9 ,ITALIAN POLITICS4 ,ONE ( ! NUM]\S T]RORI/ & FASCI/ NETWORKS CONTROLL$ BY ,ANGLETON IS ! ,FASCI D',AZIONE ,REVOLUZION>IA 7,F,>7 :OSE ACTIVITIES 9CLUDE ATTACKS ON LIB]AT$ RADIO /ATIONS & PIRATE BROADCA/S ( FASCI/ AN!MS & PRO-,MUSSOL9I SPEE*ES4 ,AN IMPORTANT FIGURE 9 ,F,> IS ,P9O ,ROMUALDI1 EX VICESECRET>Y ( ! ,SALO ,REPUBLIC'S FASCI/ ,REPUBLICAN ,P>TY1 :O CLAIMS TO BE ! ILLEGITIMATE SON & HEIR ( ,MUSSOL9I & LAT] TO BECOME ONE ( ! MA9 ORGANIZ]S ( ! ,M,S,I4 ,9 REPORT NO4 #h#f#e_/#c TO ! ,NATIONAL ,SECURITY ,C\NCIL PREP>$ BY ,ANGLETON HIMSELF1 ALL ! CL&E/9E ANTICOMMUNI/ ORGANIZATIONS >E LI/$ & ! AU?OR CONFIRMS ?AT C]TA9 ( !SE >E F9ANC$ BY ! ,U,S SECRET S]VICES4 ,ANGLETON PLACES GREAT /RESS ON ! IMPORTANCE ( ! ,>MATA ,ITALIANA DI ,LIB]AZIONE 7,A,I,L7 L$ BY ,COLONEL ,MUSCO & ,G5]AL ,SORICE1 A =M] ,M9I/] ( ,W> 9 ! GOV]NM5T ( ,M>%ALL ,BADOGLIO4 

,9 REPORT NO4 #h#f#e_/#g#g#d#g ANO!R SECRET AG5T1 ,FRANK ,GIGLIOTTI1 REPORTS ?AT ,A,I,L HAVE #e G5]ALS 9 ! PROCESS ( ORGANIZ+ = A C\P D'ETAT4 ,!Y >E ANTICOMMUNI/S TO A MAN & READY = ANY?+4   #h ,DECEMB] #aidd   ,BRITI% & ,AM]ICAN MILIT>Y SIGN A SECRET ACCORD 9 ,ROME :I* PROPOSES ,ALLI$ F9ANCIAL AID & >MS %IPM5TS TO ! ANTI COMMUNI/ P>TISANS ( ! ,C,N,L,A,I 7,COMMITTEE = ,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION ( ,UPP] ,ITALY7 9 RETURN = AN AGREEM5T TO OBEY ALL ,ALLI$ DIRECTIVES TO CONC5TRATE ON SAFEGU>D+ NOR!RN 9DU/RIAL PLANTS FROM ! ,G]MANS & TO /AGE A RAPID DIS>MAM5T AFT] LIB]ATION4 ,! MA9 ,BRITI% FIGURE 9 ! NEGOTIATIONS ) ! ANTICOMMUNI/ P>TISANS DUR+ ?IS P]IOD IS ! MY/]I\S ,JOHN ,MC,CAFF]Y ,JOHN ,MC,CAFF]Y DI$ 9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#h#a4 ,BE=E HIS DEA? HE MADE \T AN AFFIDAVIT /AT+ ?AT HE HAD PLOTT$ ) ,MI*ELE ,S9DONA 9 AN ATTEMPT TO OV]?R[ ! ,ITALIAN GOV]NM5T4 ,MC,CAFF]Y WAS NOT ! ONLY ,M,I#f AG5T 9VOLV$ 9 ! WEB ( CONSPIRACIES UND] EXAM9ATION 9 ! PRES5T WORK4 ,$W>D ,PHILLIP ,SCICLUNA1 AN ,M,I#f (FIC] ( ,MALTESE EXTRACTION1 WAS PRES5T DUR+ AT LEA/ TWO SECRET PLANN+ MEET+S ( ! GR\P ( CONSPIRATORS C5T]$ >\ND EX-P>TISAN LEAD] ,$G>DO ,SOGNO ON #c ,MAY & #bg ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#g4 ,SCICLUNA1 A COLLEAGUE ( ,MC,CAFF]Y1 HAD BE5 ,SOGNO'S CASE (FIC] DUR+ ! W> & AFT] ! ,LIB]ATION WAS ONE ( ! (FIC]S 9 *>GE ( ! TRADE UNION SECTION ( ! ,ALLI$ MILIT>Y ADM9I/RATION4 ,SOGNO1 ,SCICLUNA & ,MC,CAFF]Y HAD KEPT 9 CONTACT AFT] ! W> & ,SCICLUNA1 AT LEA/1 WAS P>TY TO V>I\S ANTI-TRADE UNION PROVOCATIONS 9 ,ITALY4 ,CO9CID5TALLY1 ,MANLIO ,BROSIO1 ! SECRET>Y G5]AL ( ,N,A,T,O1 RESIGN$ FROM HIS PO/ 9 ,JUNE #aiga TO TAKE UP ! LEAD]%IP ( ! RI<T W+ ( ! ,LIB]AL ,P>TY ) ,$G>DO ,SOGNO4 ,BO? M5 RECEIV$ SUB/ANTIAL F9ANCIAL SUPPORT FROM ,ITALIAN 9DU/RIALI/S SU* AS ,FIAT1 ,ASSOLOMB>DO ETC4 ,SOGNO'S PLOT WAS EV5TUALLY UNCOV]$ 9 ,AUGU/ #aigd :5 A W>RANT WAS ISSU$ = HIS >RE/ ON *>GES ( 9VOLVEM5T 9 A PLANN$ C\P D'ETAT4 ( ! ,SPECIAL ,9TELLIG5CE ,S]VICE 7,M,I#f7 :O OP]AT$ UND] ! COV] ( ASSI/ANT PRESS ATTA*E AT ! ,BRITI% ,LEGATION 9 ,B]NE4 ,BO? ,MC,CAFF]Y & ,$GE ,LESLIE ( ,M,I#f1 ALSO BAS$ 9 ,B]NE1 WORK$ CLOSELY ) ,ALL5 ,DULLES ( ! ,O,S,S 7,C,I,A7 9 SPITE ( (FICIAL ,:ITEHALL OPPOSITION TO ! LATT]'S CLOSE & QUE/IONABLE 9VOLVEM5T ) ! SELFSEEK+ CONSPIRACY ( A CABAL ( DIS5*ANT$ ,PRUSSIAN G5]ALS4   #bg ,DECEMB] #aidd   ,J\RNALI/ ,GUGLIELMO ,GIANN9I F\NDS ,L',UOMO ,QUALUNQUE 7,! ,COMMON ,MAN71 AN EXTREME RI<T W+ POPULI/ PAP] DIRECT$ AT ! REACTION>Y MIDDLE CLASSES1 FASCI/ SYMPA?IZ]S1 MON>*I/S & ,SALO REPUBLICANS4   #ba ,M>* #aide   ,REPORT FROM ! ,CONFID5TIAL ,AFFAIRS SECTION ( ! ,9T]IOR ,M9I/RY ( ! ,SALO ,REPUBLIC TO ,MUSSOL9I CONC]N+ ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ESPIONAGE & OP]ATIONAL C5T]S3 0,TO ?IS 5D1 ! POLITICAL SECTION ( ! ,NATIONAL ,REPUBLICAN ,GU>D HAS SET UP A SPECIAL ORGANISM :I* IS ALREADY FUNCTIONAL & :OSE POT5TIAL WILL BE 9CREAS$4 ,= ! MOM5T1 ?AT SECTION COMPRISES A RANK+ (FIC] ( ! POLITICAL S]VICE1 #af C\RI]S_/OBS]V]S1 #ah LIAISON AG5TS )9 ! BORD]S ( ! ,R,S,I1 & SOME #dc LIAISON AG5TS 9 OCCUPI$ ,ITALY4 ,EA* ( !SE P]SONS IS LIV+ UND] AN ASSUM$ ID5TITY SU* ?AT !Y >\SE NO SUSPICION4 

,! SECOND P>T ( ! DOCUM5T PROVIDES EVID5CE ( CLOSE L9KS BETWE5 ! ,ITALIAN FASCI/S & ! ,ROMAN ,CA?OLIC ,*UR*4 ,! SAME DOCUM5T ADVISES ,O,V,R,A AG5TS 7,MUSSOL9I'S SECRET POLICE7 TO 9FILTRATE ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ! ,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION ,COMMITTEE & GIVES ASSURANCE ?AT SOME ( !IR PEOPLE >E ALREADY WORK+ AT P5ETRAT+ !SE 9 SUITABLE FA%ION4   #be ,APRIL #aide   ,ADMIRAL ,ELL]Y ,/ONE1 ,U,S ,PROCONSUL 9 OCCUPI$ ,ITALY1 9/RUCTS ,JAMES ,ANGLETON TO RESCUE ,PR9CE ,VAL]IO ,BOR<ESE FROM ! POSSIBILITY ( >RE/ BY ! ,RESI/ANCE ,COMMITTEES :I* HAD S5T5C$ HIM4 TO DEA? = W> CRIMES4 ,/ONE IS A CLOSE FRI5D ( ! ,BOR<ESE FAMILY & ,! ,BLACK ,PR9CE AS HE WAS KN[N WAS CONSID]$ A W>TIME H]O = ! EXPLOITS ( HIS FROGM5 & M9IATURE SUBM>9ES AGA9/ ALLI$ %IPP+4   #bi ,APRIL #aide   ,JAMES ,JESUS ,ANGLETON1 TOGE!R ) ,CAPTA9 ,C>LO ,RESIO ( ,ITALIAN ,NAVAL ,9TELLIG5CE1 COLLECT ,PR9CE ,BOR<ESE FROM HIS HID+ PLACE 9 A ,MILAN AP>TM5T BLOCK1 DRESS HIM 9 ! UNI=M ( A ,U,S (FIC] & ESCORT HIM TO ,ROME4   #h ,AUGU/ #aide   ,ALCIDE DE ,GASP]I BECOMES ,ITALIAN ,PRIME ,M9I/] FOLL[+ ,*RI/IAN ,DEMOCRAT SUCCESSES AT ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS & A POPUL> REF]5DUM4 7,) ! EXCEPTION ( ,DE ,GASP]I & A SMALL M9ORITY :O W]E 9VOLV$ ) ! ,RESI/ANCE1 ! BULK ( ! MEMB]%IP ( ! ,D,C IS EI!R FASCI/ OR FASCI/ SYMPA?IZ]S47   #a ,SEPTEMB] #aide   ,ADMIRAL ,BIAN*]I SIGNS SECRET M9I/]IAL NOTE URG+ ! MILIT>Y COMM& TO RECOGNIZE EXT5UAT+ CIRCUM/ANCES FOLL[+ ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,SALO ,REPUBLIC3 ,TO ALL ! MILIT>Y ( ! ,SALO ,REPUBLIC :O HAD GIV5 PRO( ( ANTI-,SALO BEHAVIOR & ?AT !Y >E TO BE RETA9$ 9 ! S]VICE & EMPLOY$ = ANTICOMMUNI/ PROPAG&A & PROPAG&A 9 FAVOR ( ! MON>*Y4 ,ANO!R CIRCUL> FROM POLICE & MILIT>Y COMM&S 9VITES SUBORD9ATES NOT TO EMPLOY 9 ! SPECIAL S]VICES & =CES ( PUBLIC ORD] ?OSE S]VICEM5 & AG5TS :O HAVE !IR ORIG9 9 ! P>TISANS & ! ,RESI/ANCE4   #b ,SEPTEMB] #aide   ,U,S ,PRESID5T ,H>RY ,S4 ,TRUMAN ISSUES AN EXECUTIVE ORD] DISB&+ ! ,(FICE ( ,/RATEGIC ,S]VICES1 SAY+ HE WANTS NO P>T ( A PEACETIME ,GE/APO4 ,! ,/RATEGIC ,S]VICES ,UNIT & ,(FICE ( ,POLICY ,COORD9ATION >E SET UP TO PRESIDE OV] ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,O,S,S3 ,PHILIP ,HORTON REMA9$ 9 ,FRANCE1 ,RI*>D ,HELMS 9 ,G]MANY1 ,ALFR$ ,ULM] 9 ,AU/RIA1 ,ALB]T ,SEITZ 9 ! ,BALKANS1 ,JAMES ,KELLIS 9 ,*9A & ,JAMES ,ANGLETON 9 ,ITALY4   #ah ,JUNE #aidf   ,PROCLAMATION ( ,ITALIAN ,REPUBLIC4 ,TOGLIATTI1 ,COMMUNI/ ,M9I/] ( ,JU/ICE1 PROCLAIMS A G5]AL AMNE/Y = ALL POLITICAL (F5D]S ) ! EXCEPTION ( ?OSE F\ND GUILTY ( P>TICUL>LY HE9\S \TRAGES4 ,MO/ ( ?OSE RESPONSIBLE = ! MO/ BRUTAL \TRAGES >E SET FREE4 ,BY ! 5D ( #a#i#d#f1 AS 9 ,G]MANY1 MO/ S5IOR FASCI/ POLITICIANS & MILIT>Y SECURITY FIGURES >E RETURN$ TO POSITIONS ( P[] AS A RESULT ( PRESSURE BR\<T TO BE> BY ! ,ALLIES1 :O SEE !M AS ! ONLY ORGANIZ$ & TRU/WOR?Y BULW>K AGA9/ BOL%EVISM4   #bf ,DECEMB] #aidf   ,>TURO ,MI*EL9I1 A =M] VICE-*AIRMAN ( ! FASCI/ F$]ATION ( ,ROME1 CALLS A MEET+ AT HIS ,ROME AP>TM5T TO LAY ! F\NDATIONS = ! NE(ASCI/ ,ITALIAN ,SOCIAL ,MOVEM5T 7,M,S,I74   ,M>* #aidh   ,REPORT FROM ! ,U,S ,NATIONAL ,SECURITY ,C\NCIL ON ! RUN UP TO ! ,ITALIAN LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS 9 ,APRIL CONFIRMS ! ,U,S PROMISE3 

TO HELP \T ! CL&E/9E ANTICOMMUNI/ MOVEM5TS ) F9ANCIAL & MILIT>Y ASSI/ANCE4 ,?IS ASSI/ANCE WAS DETAIL$ 9 A MEMO SIGN$ BY ,COLONEL ,J4 ,WILLEMS 5TITL$3 ,! ,IMPORTANCE ( ,RECOGNIZ+ ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ANTI,COMMUNI/ ,=CES4 ,IT /RESSES ! /RATEGIC & POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE ( ,ITALY & ! FACT ?AT ITS 9T]NAL SECURITY IS3 

AN ESS5TIAL FACTOR 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,COM9T]N4 ,ITALY IS ! GATEWAY TO ! C5T] & EA/ ( ,EUROPE2 %E ALSO AF=DS CONTROL ( ! ,BALKANS1 ! ,ADRIATIC & ! ,IONIAN ,SEA4 ,IT FUR!R SPECIFI$ ?AT3 

! ,ITALIAN >MY AF=D NO S]I\S GU>ANTEE AGA9/ ,TITO'S >MIES OR AGA9/ ! WELL-ORGANIZ$ & WELL->M$ COMMUNI/ FIF? COLUMN 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & 9 ,ITALY H]SELF4 ,?IS WEAKNESS MAKES IT NECESS>Y ?AT ALL =CES ANTICOMMUNI/ 9 S5TIM5T %\LD BE TAK5 9TO CONSID]ATION4 7,DOCUM5T ,NO4 #g#d#d#e#d74 

,C,I,A 9VOLV$ 9 OP]ATION TO PREV5T COMMUNI/ VICTORY 9 ,ITALIAN ELECTIONS4   #a ,FEBRU>Y #aidh   ,FOLL[+ OV]:ELM+ VICTORY ( RI<T W+ 9 ! ELECTIONS !RE IS A RAPID ACCEL]ATION 9 ! PROCESS ( PURG+ SOCIALI/ & PRO-,RESI/ANCE ELEM5TS 9 ! ADM9I/RATION4 ,DOCUM5T DAT$ #a ,FEBRU>Y FROM ,U,S ,EMBASSY 9 ,ROME TO ,/ATE ,DEP>TM5T 9 ,WA%+TON EXPLA9S =MATION ( A NEW POLICE CORPS SPECIALIZ+ 9 ANTICOMMUNI/ ACTIVITIES4 ,?IS SPECIAL S]VICE UND] ,9T]IOR ,M9I/] ,M>IO ,SCELBA ) ,U,S ADVIS]S IS RECRUIT$ L>GELY FROM ,O,V,R,A VET]ANS4 ,NEW SPECIAL POLICE CORPS IS 9SPIR$ BY SUCCESS ( A SIMIL> V5TURE 9 ,FRANCE3  

,TO COMBAT ! ?REAT ( COMMUNISM4 ,FRANCE HAS ORGANIZ$ SMALL BUT EFFICI5T POLICE CELLS \TSIDE ! NORMAL POLICE /RUCTURES1 BUT UND] ! SUP]VISION ( ! ,SURETE ,NATIONAL4 ,!SE CELLS >E EQUIPP$ ) F9ANCE & EXCEPTIONAL RES\RCES & !IR P]SONNEL1 :ILE LIMIT$ 9 NUMB]S1 >E TRA9$ TO P]FECTION = TASKS ( ?IS NATURE4 ,ITALY IS SIMIL>LY 5GAG$ 9 SETT+ UP SECRET ANTICOMMUNI/ POLICE GR\PS ALONG !SE L9ES1 UND] ! EGIS ( ! ,9T]IOR ,M9I/]1 & RELY+ UPON LEAD]S ( ! OLD FASCI/ SECRET POLICE TO PROVIDE ! BASIC P]SONNEL AT /RUCTURAL & ORGANIZATIONAL LEVELS4 

,J\RNALI/ ,ANTONIO ,GAMB9O REPORT$ AN 9T]VIEW ) ,SCELBA 9 :I* HE /AT$ ?AT FROM E>LY #aidh HE HAD E/ABLI%$ AN 9FRA/RUCTURE CAPABLE ( TACKL+ ANY COMMUNI/ UPRIS+4 ,HE EXPLA9$ H[ ! 5TIRE C\NTRY HAD BE5 DIVID$ UP 9TO T]RITORIAL UNITS3 9 *>GE ( EA* ( !SE HE HAD APPO9T$ AN 5]GETIC FIGURE 5JOY+ HIS COMPLETE CONFID5CE4   ,JULY #aidh   ,BETWE5 ,JULY #aidh & ! 5D ( #a#i#e#c1 ! ANTIAN>*I/ & COMMUNI/ REPRESSION CO/ #fb LIVES 7#d#h ( !M MEMB]S ( ! ,C,P71 #cabf 9JUR$ & #i#b1#a#f#i >RE/S 7#g#c1#h#g ( !M P>TY MEMB]S74 ,MANY ( !SE W]E PEOPLE S5T5C$ AFT] ! LIB]ATION = ACTS ( RESI/ANCE :I* W]E REPRES5T$ AS ORD9>Y CRIMES4 ,ONE ( !SE WAS ! AN>*I/ ,P$R9I ,BELGRADO :O WAS TRI$ SUMM>ILY 9 ! E>LY PO/W> MON?S = ANTI-FASCI/ ACTIVITIES & WAS /ILL 9 PRISON OV] #c YE>S LAT]4 

,) ! ASSI/ANCE ( ,U,S SECRET S]VICE AG5TS ,PET] ,M4 ,B]TI1 ,DANIEL ,LEE ,MC,C>?Y1 ,DR4 ,>?UR ,GILB]T ,TRUDEAU UND] ,JAMES ,ANGLETON ! ,M,S,I BEG9S A MASSIVE PROGRAM ( EXPANSION4 ,BY ! 5D ( #aidh ! ,M,S,I CLAIMS TO HAVE #ahgd BRAN*ES ?R\<\T ,ITALY & CONTROL #cd WEEKLY MAGAZ9ES4 ,IT ALSO E/ABLI%ES COV] ORGANIZATIONS SU* AS ,GIOVANNI ,ITALIA1 ! ,NATIONAL ,F$]ATION ( ,REPUBLICAN EX-S]VICEM5 7,F,N,C,R71 & ! NOTORI\S T]RORI/ RECRUIT+ GR\ND ! ,FRONTE ,UNIV]SIT>IO DI ,AZIONE ,NAZIONALE 7,F,U,A,N74 ,IT ALSO LAUN*ES ITS NATIONAL DAILY PAP] ,IL ,SECOLO D',ITALIA UND] ! $ITOR%IP ( ,FRANZ ,TUR*I4   #d ,APRIL #aidi   ,ITALY SIGNS ,NOR? ,ATLANTIC ,TREATY4   ,JULY #aiea   ,PREMI] DE ,GASP]I AU?ORIZES ! =MATION ( A CIVIL DEF5SE CORPS TO ASSI/ POLICE & C>AB9I]I4 ,5RICO ,MATTEI1 *AIRMAN ( ,ITALIAN OIL COMPANY ,A,G,I,P & PRESID5T ( ! ASSOCIATION ( ,CA?OLIC P>TISANS ADDRESSES !IR ANNUAL CONGRESS ON ! ROLE ( ! :ITE GU>DS :OSE DUTIES 9CLUDE3 KEEP+ UND] OBS]VATION ANY GR\PS ADVOCAT+ DISOB$I5CE1 AN EMBRYONIC =M ( SABOTAGE TO COMBAT ! PROGRESSIVE POISON+ ( M9DS & PREV5T ! WEAK] MEMB]S ( SOCIETY FROM BE+ 9FLU5C$ BY HO/ILE PROPAG&A TO PREV5T ! APPO9TM5T ( ,COMMUNI/S TO POSITIONS ( AU?ORITY TO ?W>T CRIM9AL SOLID>ITY   #a ,M>* #ai$   ,M,S,I HOLDS #d? ,NATIONAL ,CONGRESS :I* LEADS TO A S]IES ( SPLITS & S*ISMS4 ,DEFECTORS 9CLUDE ,G5]AL ,IVREA & J\RNALI/ ,P9O ,RAUTI4   #aief   ,ORD9E ,NUEVO ,/UDY ,C5T] E/ABLI%$ 9 ,ROME4 ,F\ND]S 9CLUDE ,P9O ,RAUTI1 ,CLEM5TE ,GRAZIANI1 ,PAULO ,&RIANI & ,RUTILIO ,S]MONTI4 

,ORD9E ,NUEVO DEVELOPS \T ( ! CL&E/9E EXP]I5CES ( ACTIVI/S 9 ! PO/W> P]IOD 9 ORGANIZATIONS SU* AS ,F,> & ! ,LEGIONE ,N]A4 ,P9O ,RAUTI & HIS ASSOCIATES REPRES5T ! H>D L9E ELEM5TS )9 ! ,M,S,I & >E COMMITT$ TO A RETURN TO ! BASIC T5ETS ( ,MUSSOL9I'S ,SALO ,REPUBLIC3 

7#a7 ,REPUDIATION ( POPULI/ SIDE TO FASCISM 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! !SES ( ,NAZI PHILOSOPH] ,JULIUS ,EVOLA4 

7#b7 ,! CREATION ( A UNIT$ ,EUROPE AS A RESPONSE TO ,U,S & ,SOVIET IMP]IALISM & AS A RESPONSE TO1 ON ! ONE H&1 PETTY CONS]VATIVE #a#i#cS-TYPE NATIONALISM &1 ON ! O!R H&1 TO ! ,M,S,I'S PRO-,N,A,T,O & PRO-,AM]ICAN L9E4 

7#c7 ,ADOPTION ( A H>D & UNEQUIVOCAL /& ON CAPITALISM1 ! ,*UR*1 ! MON>*Y & ! B\RGEOISIE4   ,OCTOB] #aief   ,HUNG>IAN /UD5TS & WORK]S DEM& UNCONDITIONAL )DRAWAL ( ,RUSSIAN TROOPS1 DISSOLUTION ( SECRET POLICE4 

,SOVIET TANKS 9T]V5E FOLL[+ BLOODY CLA%ES ) WORK]S1 /UD5TS & ,HUNG>IAN TROOPS4 ,>\ND #b1 PEOPLE FLEE ,HUNG>Y1 9CLUD+ MANY ULTRA-REACTION>Y & NE(ASCI/ ELEM5TS4   #ac ,MAY #aieh   ,\TBREAK ( ,EUROPEAN SETTL]S' 9SURRECTION 9 ,ALGI]S LEADS TO COLLAPSE ( ,FR5* ,F\R? ,REPUBLIC & ,DE ,GAULLE'S RETURN TO P[]4 ,RISE TO PROM95CE ( ULTRA RI<T W+ ,ROMAN ,CA?OLIC ORGANIZATION1 ,CITE ,CA?OLIQUE1 P>TICUL>LY /RONG AMONG ! (FIC]S ( ! FIF? ,BUREAU ( ! ,G5]AL ,/AFF 7,PSY*OLOGICAL ,W>F>E74   #ba ,JANU>Y #aif   ,B>RICADES ,WEEK4 ,EUROPEAN SETTL]S1 ) PASSIVE COMPLICITY ( ,FR5* ,>MY UNITS1 RAISE B>RICADES 9 ,ALGI]S & DEFY ! GOV]NM5T = ONE WEEK4   #aif   ,B>RICADES ,TRIAL4 ,N9ETE5 SETTL] ACTIVI/S >E 9DICT$ = AN ATTEMPT ON ! SECURITY ( ! /ATE DUR+ ,B>RICADES ,WEEK2 SIXTE5 GO ON TRIAL BE=E A MILIT>Y C\RT 9 ,P>IS2 ?REE1 9CLUD+ ! 0FA!R0 ( ! ,O,A,S1 ,PI]RE ,LAGAILL>DE ESCAPE TO ,SPA94   #aif   ,FASCI/ & ANTI-SEMITIC SLOGANS >E PA9T$ ON WALLS ( ,JEWI% BUILD+S1 ,SOCIALI/ P>TY (FICES 9 ,MILAN & ,TUR91 ETC4 ,POLICE RAID ,MILAN ,H,Q ( ! ,NEW ,EUROPEAN ,ORD] >RE/+ #b MEMB]S4 ,POLICE ALSO RAID ! (FICES ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ACTION ,GR\P4 ,AMONG ! FIVE >RE/$ IS LEAD] ,/EFANO ,DELLE ,*IAIE4 

,! ?AW 9 9T]NATIONAL POLITICS & ! EAS+ ( ! COLD W> FROM ! MIDFIFTIES ONW>D HAD TAK5 MU* ( ! /EAM \T ( NE(ASCI/ ACTIVISM1 BUT ?IS POLICY ( RE=MISM 9 ! OP5+ MON?S ( #aif :I* L$ TO ! OP5+ ( ! 0C5T]-LEFT0 CAUS$ AL>M & CONC]N AMONG ALL ! MORE REACTION>Y ELEM5TS ( ,ITALIAN CONS]VATISM4 

,9 ! ,*RI/IAN ,DEMOCRAT ,P>TY1 ! RI<T W+ & ! ,SCELBIAN C5T] AT ONCE TRI$ TO AV]T ?IS DANG]4 ,! RI<T W+ ,VATICAN HI]>*IES1 L$ BY PRELATES LIKE ! ,C>D9AL ,>*BI%OP ( ,G5OA1 ,MONSIGNOR ,SIRI1 AID$ & ABETT$ ?IS AL>MI/ CAMPAIGN & OP5LY SID$ ) ! ADV]S>IES ( ! 0C5T]-LEFT TR5D4 ,! ,CONF$]AZIONE ,G5]ALE DELL LNDU/RIA ,ITALIANA1 MA9LY ?R\< ! ,ASSOLOMB>DO 7ASSOCIATION ( ,LOMB>D 9DU/RIALI/S71 MANEUV]$ TO 9TIMIDATE ! MAJORITY P>TY BY US+ M5 LIKE ,PELLA & ,TOGNI1 :O W]E ! M\?PIECES ( ! MO/ RETROGRADE SECTORS ( ,ITALIAN F9ANCE444 4 .<,NEV]!LESS.> 9 ! BRIEF SPACE ( A FEW MON?S IT BECAME CLE> ?AT .<PREMI].> ,TAMBRONI 9T5D$ TO TACKLE ! PROBLEMS ( PRESSURE FROM ! WORK]S 7:I* HAD BECOME MORE URG5T [+ TO ! DISP>ITY BETWE5 PR(ITS & WAGES1 BETWE5 ! CO/ ( LIV+ & ! PUR*AS+ P[] ( MONEY7 BY RESORT+ TO ME?ODS DAT+ FROM ! DAYS ( ! ,SCELBA GOV]NM5T4 ,! POLICE & C>AB9I]I PROCE$$ TO DEAL ) ! /RIKES 9 A BRUTAL WAY UND\BT$LY 9SPIR$ BY 9/RUCTIONS FROM ABOVE2 ! GOV]NM5T'S ECONOMIC MEASURES SEEM$ TO BE M]ELY SAFEGU>D+ ! SPECULATION ?AT WAS RIFE ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY2 AN ATMOSPH]E ( BLACKMAIL & S9I/] 9TRIGUE P]VADES ! TOP LEVELS ( POLITICAL LIFE1 & RUMORS W]E CURR5T ?AT ! ,PREMI] HIMSELF HAD ORD]$ ! POLICE TO *ECK UP ON ALL MEMB]S ( P>LIAM5T & ON HIS [N COLLEAGUES 9 ! GOV]NM5T4 

,FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+ ! CAB9ET WAS TORN BY DISS5SIONS 9 ! RANKS ( ! ,D,C 7,*RI/IAN ,DEMOCRATS7 & !SE BR\<T AB\T ITS FALL ON ! EVE ( #be ,APRIL4 ,NEGOTIATIONS W]E !N RESUM$ ) A VIEW TO =M+ A C5T]-LEFT GOV]NM5T ) ,FANFANI AS ,PRIME ,M9I/]1 BUT A WEEK LAT] !RE WAS ANO!R DISPUTE & ,TAMBRONI'S NAME WAS AGA9 PUT =W>D4 ,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ,MAY HIS SECOND CAB9ET WAS LAUN*$1 ?ANKS TO ! SUPPORT ( ! ,M,S,I4 ,TWO MON?S LAT] ! SITUATION :I* HAD ALREADY BE5 T5SE1 BECAME EXPLOSIVE4 

,! ,PRIME ,M9I/]1 HAIL$ 9 C]TA9 ,VATICAN CIRCLES AS ! 0WISE & /RONG MAN10 %[$ >ROGANT AU?ORIT>IAN T5D5CIES1 :ILE ! NO/ALGICS1 EMBOLD5$ BY !IR UNACCU/OM$ SUCCESS1 :I* HAD BR\<T !M TO P[]1 DEM&$ ?AT ! GOV]NM5T %\LD ADOPT A 0POLICY ( =CE0 9 DEAL+ ) AGITATION AMONG WORK]S & 0RE/ORE ORD]40 ,! ,M,S,I LEAD]S ?\<T ?AT ! TIME HAD COME TO CONV5E A P>TY CONF]5CE & ANN\NC$ ?AT1 ) ! CONS5T ( ! GOV]NM5T1 IT W\LD BE HELD 9 ,G5OA1 UND] ! *AIRMAN%IP ( ,C>LO ,EMANUELE ,BASILE1 A =M] ,FASCI/ PREFECT ( ! CITY :OSE NAME HAD FIGUR$ 9 ! LI/ ( W> CRIM9ALS4 ,! PROVOCATIVE NATURE ( ?IS ANN\NCEM5T WAS OBVI\S4   #aifa   ,/EFANO ,DELLE ,*IAIE A*IEVES NOTORIETY :5 HE IS >RE/$ & *>G$ ) REMOV+ ! FLAG ( ! ,RESI/ANCE FROM ! ,TOMB ( ! ,UNKN[N ,SOLDI] 9 ,ROME4   

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #c -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #c -- ,UPDAT$4 

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