,/ATE ,REPRESSION ,AGA9/ ,AN>*I/S 9 ,ITALY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANONYM\S 

,TEXT 3 

,?IS PA/ ,MAY1 ! ,ITALIAN /ATE BEGAN ANO!R R\ND ( REPRESSION AGA9/ AN>*I/S4 ,! MORE SPORADIC /ATE H>ASSM5T AN>*I/S HAD EXP]I5C$ OV] ! PA/ FEW YE>S GAVE WAY TO :AT IS CLE>LY A MORE FOCUS$ ATTACK4 ,?IS REFLECTS ! GR[+ REPRESSIVE REALITY >\ND ! GLOBE1 ! NE$S ( ! ,ITALIAN /ATE 9 ! PRES5T CIRCUM/ANCES & ITS ATTEMPTS TO F9D WAYS TO /RIKE ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T & ALL ANTI-9/ITUTIONAL MOVEM5TS ( RESI/ANCE & REVOLT 9 !IR TOTALITY4 ,?US1 !SE EV5TS DEM& MORE ?AN NEWS & CALLS = SOLID>ITY2 !Y REQUIRE AN ATTEMPT TO ANALYZE ! SITUATION ON SEV]AL LEVELS 9 ORD] TO DEVELOP MEAN+FUL & SUB/ANTIAL =MS ( ACTIVE SOLID>ITY4 

,! ,MAY >RE/S 

,P]HAPS IT W\LD BE MO/ ACCURATE TO SEE ! >RE/ ( ,FRANCESCO ,GIOIA 9 ,B>CELONA ,SPA9 ON ,MAY #aa AS ! BEG9N+ ( ?IS WAVE ( REPRESSION4 ,FRANCESCO IS AN AN>*I/ FROM ! ,ITALIAN GR\P ,I,I ,SILVE/RE4 ,HE WAS PLAC$ UND] H\SE >RE/ LA/ YE> 9 RELATION TO ACTIONS 9 ! REGION ( ,PISA CLAIM$ BY ! ,C,O,R 7,REVOLUTION>Y ,(F5SIVE ,CELLS74 ,HE ESCAP$ FROM H\SE >RE/ LA/ SUMM] & W5T ON ! LAM TO ,SPA94 ,AL?\< 0SUBV]SIVE ASSOCIATION ) ! AIM ( T]RORISM0 HAD NOT BE5 ONE ( ! ORIG9AL *>GES AT ! TIME ! >RE/S W]E FIR/ MADE1 IT WAS ADD$ TO ! *>GES1 A FACT ?AT MADE ! RECAPTURE ( ,FRANCESCO MORE IMP]ATIVE TO ! JUDICI>Y (FICIALS ( ,ITALY4 ,SO A JO9T OP]ATION BETWE5 ,ITALIAN CAMB9I]I.<#a.> & ,SPANI% POLICE UND] ! EGIS ( ,EUROPOL CAPTUR$ ,FRANCESCO 9 ,B>CELONA ON ,MAY #a#a4 

,ON ,MAY #a#b1 9 ! REGION ( ,LECCE1 A =CE ( #ae COPS FROM SEV]AL POLICE =CES 79CLUD+ SPECIAL ANTI-T]RORISM & BOMB UNITS7 C>RI$ \T 0,OP]ATION ,NI<TTIME40 ,!Y RAID$ & SE>*$ DOZ5S ( AN>*I/S' H\SES & SPACES1 MAK+ FIVE >RE/S & ISSU+ T5 MORE NOTICES ( 9VE/IGATION4 ,CRI/IAN ,PAL-LAD9I1 ,SALVATORE ,SIGNORE1 & ,SAV]IO ,PELLEGR9O W]E TAK5 TO PRISON1 :ILE ,ANNALISA ,CAPONE & ,ANGELA ,M>9A ,F]R>I W]E PLAC$ UND] H\SE >RE/4 ,! MO/ SIGNIFICANT *>GE IS 0SUBV]SIVE ASSOCIATION ) ! AIM ( T]RORISM & SUBV]SION ( ! DEMOCRATIC /ATE40 ,9 ADDITION1 !RE W]E *>GES = ATTACKS AGA9/ ! ,CA!DRAL & ! HOME ( ! PRIE/1 ,FA!R ,CES>E ,LODES]TO 7:O HAD RUN ! LOCAL ,C5T] = ,TEMPOR>Y ,RESID5CE 7,C,P,T7.<#b.> UNTIL HE WAS >RE/$ = 0PRIVATE VIOL5CE0 & KIDNAPP+ ( 9MATES AT ! C5T]72 ATTACKS AGA9/ ! ,BANCA ,9TESA :]E ! ,REG9A ,PACIS ,F\NDATION 7?R\< :I* ! ,C,P,T IS RUN7 KEEPS ITS FUNDS2 9/IGATION TO REVOLT DUE TO A M>* 9 FRONT ( ! ,C,P,T ?AT 5D$ 9 CONFLICTS ) ! AU?ORITIES2 0H>ASSM5T0 & 0DEFAMATION0 ( COLLABORATORS 9 ! OP]ATION ( ! ,C,P,T & 0DIRTY+0 ! 5TRANCE ( ONE ( !SE COLLABORATORS' H\SES2 ORGANIZ+ AN UNAU?ORIZ$ M>* AGA9/ ! ,B5ETTON CORPORATION ?AT HAS TAK5 OV] A L>GE PORTION ( ,PATAGONIA :]E ! ,MAPU*E PEOPLE HAVE BE5 LIV+ = C5TURIES2 V&ALISM AGA9/ A ,B5ETTON /ORE & AGA9/ AN ,ESSO /ATION2.<#c.> OCCUPY+ ! AB&ON$ SPACE /ATION ,CAPOL9EA2 & WRIT+ ON WALLS4 ,ALONG ) ! SE>*ES & >RE/S 9 ,LECCE1 !RE W]E SE>*ES ?R\<\T ! RE/ ( ,ITALY AS WELL4 

,A WEEK LAT] ON ,MAY #a#i1 ANO!R POLICE OP]ATION OCCURR$ 9 ,S>D9IA4 ,POLICE SE>*$ OV] FIFTY AN>*I/ H\SES & SPACES & PLAC$ SEV5 AN>*I/S UND] H\SE >RE/4 7,!SE SEV5 HAVE NOT MADE !IR NAMES PUBLIC47 ,*>GES 9CLUDE ! 9FAM\S 0SUBV]SIVE ASSOCIATION ) ! AIM ( T]RORISM & SUBV]SION ( ! DEMOCRATIC /ATE0 & 0PROPAG&A FAVOR+ & CELEBRAT+ SUBV]SIVE PRACTICES40 ,ALL ( ?OSE >RE/$ >E UND] 9VE/IGATION 9 RELATION TO P>CEL BOMBS ?AT W]E S5T TO A C>AB9I]I B>RACKS 9 #bc & AN >SON ATTACK AGA9/ ! ELECTORAL (FICE ( ! ,=ZA ,ITALIA1 P>TY.<#d.> ?AT HAPP5$ 9 ,JUNE #b#d4 ,!Y >E *>G$ AS 0MEMB]S OR SYMPA?IZ]S0 ( ! ,F,R,>,I,A ,C5T] = ,AN>*I/ ,/UDIES 9 ,CALI>I4 ,TW5TY-SIX O!R AN>*I/S HAVE BE5 PLAC$ UND] 9VE/IGATION = 0SUBV]SIVE ASSOCIATION0 & 0PROPAG&A & CELEBRATION ( SUBV]SIVE PRACTICES40 

,ON ,MAY #b#f1 OP]ATIONS W]E C>RI$ \T 9 ! VIC9ITIES ( BO? ,BOLOGNA & ,ROME1 9VOLV+ #aa SE>*ES1 #a >RE/S & #ba O!RS BE+ PUT UND] 9VE/IGATION4 ,ALL ( ?OSE >RE/$ W]E *>G$ ) 0SUBV]SIVE ASSOCIATION0 ) ! USUAL AIMS4 ,! SEV5 >RE/$ BY ! ,BOLOGNA JU/ICE SY/EM 7,LUCIA ,RIPPA1 ,MAT-TIA ,B]TONI1 ,ELSA ,C>OLI1 ,TEO ,TAV]NESE1 ,M>CO ,=E/O1 ,DANILO ,CREMONESE1 & ,VAL5T9A ,SPEZIALE7 W]E ACCUS$ ( BE+ MEMB]S ( AN ORGANIZATION ?AT CLAIM$ C]TA9 BOMB ATTACKS1 ! ,9=MAL ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 7,F,A,9=MAL7 & ( SPREAD+ SUBV]SIVE PROPAG&A ?R\< ! ,AN>*I/ ,BLACK ,CROSS BULLET94 ,! ,D,I,G,OS'.<#e.> CLOS$ D[N ! LOCAL ,A,B,C WEBSITE4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ! ,ROMAN PUBLIC PROSECUTOR ISSU$ >RE/ W>RANTS = FIVE AN>*I/S1 TWO ( :OM -- ,DANILO & ,VAL5T9A -- ALSO HAD >RE/ W>RANTS 9 O,BOLOGNA4 ,! O!R ?REE >E ,/EFANO ,DEL ,MORO1 ,MASSIMO ,LEON>D61 & ,CLAUDIA ,COSPITO4 ,ALONG ) ! USUAL 0SUBV]SIVE ASSOCIATION0 *>GE1 !Y HAVE *>GES RELAT+ TO BOMB ATTACKS AGA9/ ! M9I/] O,TJU/ICE ( ,VIT]BO & TO ! SACK+ ( A ,MC,DONALD'S ?AT HAPP5$ T[>D ! 5D ( A DEMON/RATION 9 #a#i#i#i4 

,! >RE/S HAVE COME UP BE=E ! SO-CALL$ ,C\RTS ( ,LIB]TY ( ! V>I\S REGIONS :]E ! JUDGES DET]M9E ! LEGITIMACY ( ! >RE/ W>RANTS4 ,!SE C\RTS UPHELD ! >RE/S EV]Y:]E EXCEPT 9 ,BOLOGNA :]E ! JUDGE 9 *>GE CONCLUD$ ?AT ! EVID5CE WAS SIMPLY TOO WEAK4 ,SO FIVE ( ! COMRADES >RE/$ 9 ,BOLOGNA W]E FRE$4 ,DANILO & ,VAL5T9A1 :O ALSO HAD >RE/ W>RANTS 9 ,ROME1 REMA9 9 PRISON4 

,V>I\S SOLID>ITY ACTIVITIES HAVE BE5 GO+ ON /EADILY S9CE !SE >RE/S1 RANG+ FROM B5EFIT CONC]TS & D9N]S TO M>*ES & DEMON/RATIONS TO OCCUPATIONS ( BUILD+S TO ATTACKS AGA9/ POLICE PROP]TY & ! PROP]TY ( ,ITALIAN MULT9ATIONALS LIKE ,B5ETTON & ,FIAT4 ,ALONGSIDE ! ONGO+ ACTIVITY 9 ,ITALY1 AN>*I/S 9 ,GREECE & ,SPA9 HAVE BE5 P>TICUL>LY ACTIVE 9 SUPPORT ( ?OSE >RE/$4 ,IT IS NOT SURPRIS+1 9 ?IS LI<T1 ?AT ! REPRESSION SPREAD BEYOND ! BORD]S ( ONE C\NTRY4 

,ON ,JUNE #b#e1 9 ,B>CELONA1 AN>*I/S HELD A DEMON/RATION 9 SOLID>ITY ) ! PEOPLE >RE/$ 9 ,ITALY4 ,POLICE ATTACK$ ! DEMON/RATIONS1 CAUS+ MANY 9JURIES4 ,SEV5 AN>*I/S W]E >RE/$ & BEAT54 ,TWO W]E RELEAS$ ?AT NI<T1 & OV] ! NEXT C\PLE ( WEEKS1 ALL BUT ONE W]E RELEAS$4 ,ALB]TO ,BETT9I1 AN ,ITALIAN AN>*I/1 REMA9S 9 ! M5'S PRISON 9 ,B>CELONA4 

,! CONTEXT ( ! REPRESSION 

,?IS R\ND ( REPRESSION AGA9/ AN>*I/S IS NOT JU/ A /ATE :IM ( ! MOM5T4 ,!RE >E REASONS :Y IT IS HAPP5+ N[ & BE+ C>RI$ \T 9 ! WAY IT IS4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 OV] ! PA/ FEW DECADES ! CAPITALI/ SOCIAL ORD] HAS UND]GONE *ANGES CREAT+ PREC>I\SNESS & A LACK ( PLACE )9 ! EXI/+ SOCIAL WORLD = MORE & MORE PEOPLE & ?REAT5+ ALL EXCEPT ?OSE AT ! TOP4 ,NEWLY DISPOSSESS$ 9DIG5\S PEOPLE1 UNDOCUM5T$ IMMIGRANTS1 ! HOMELESS1 TEMPOR>Y WORK]S1 UNEMPLOY$ Y\?1 REFUGEES FROM W>1 POV]TY & DISA/]1 9HABITANTS ( %ANTYT[NS ?AT REPRES5T ! PLACE ( GREATE/ GR[? 9 ! BURGEON+ METROPOLISES ( ?IS WORLD -- H]E IS A GR[+ UND]CLASS ?AT DOES NOT FIT )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( CITIZ5%IP OR CONSUM]ISM & ?US HAS NO PLACE 9 ?IS WORLD4 ,9EVITABLY1 ?IS UND]CLASS IS RE/LESS4 

,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO CLAIM ?AT ! SOCIAL CONS5SUS NECESS>Y TO ! DEMOCRATIC /ATE IS !RE1 UNLESS !SE UNDESIRABLES >E EXCLUD$4 ,?IS PROCESS ( EXCLUSION 9CLUDES BO? ! BLATANT PHYSICAL CREATION ( SPACES ( EXCEPTION1 SU* AS ! ,C,P,TS 9 ,ITALY & !IR EQUIVAL5TS ?R\<\T ! WORLD1 & ! MORE SUBTLE USE ( PROPAG&A TO DRIVE W$GES BETWE5 ?OSE AT ! BOTTOM & ?OSE :O /ILL MANAGE TO MA9TA9 A PREC>I\S HOLD ON A PLACE )9 ?IS SOCIETY4 ,UNDOCUM5T$ ALI5S >E P>TICUL>LY S+L$ \T AS ?REATS TO ! JOBS ( ! 0NATIVE-BORN0 EXPLOIT$ & AS POT5TIAL T]RORI/S4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 ! /ATE & ITS M$IA SEEK TO KEEP ! EXPLOIT$ FROM SEE+ !IR COMMON CONDITION & F9D+ ! WAYS TO 9T]TW9E !IR /RUGGLES AGA9/ ?IS CONDITION4 

,NONE!LESS1 ! RE/LESSNESS ?AT PREC>I\SNESS IMPOSES HAS L$ TO REBELLION4 ,9 ,ITALY1 IMMIGRANTS BO? )9 & \TSIDE ( ! ,C,P,TS HAVE BE5 REBELL+4 ,& AN>*I/S HAVE BE5 !RE ACT+ 9 SOLID>ITY4 ,?IS IS NOT AT ALL SURPRIS+4 ,IF UNDOCUM5T$ IMMIGRANTS HAVE HAD ! CONDITION ( BE+ /RANG]S EV]Y:]E 9 ! WORLD ?RU/ UPON !M1 IT IS A CONDITION ?AT AN>*I/S1 :O DESIRE A LIFE SO UTT]LY DIFF]5T ?AN ?AT :I* IS IMPOS$ ON US1 KN[ QUITE WELL4 ,& ! RECOGNITION ( ?IS POT5TIAL 7& FREQU5TLY ACTUALIZ$7 COMPLICITY BETWE5 UNDOCUM5T$ IMMIGRANTS & AN>*I/S C]TA9LY PLAYS A ROLE 9 ! /ATE'S ATTEMPT TO ISOLATE AN>*I/S FROM ! G5]AL POPULACE AS WELL1 PORTRAY+ !M AS 0T]RORI/S40 

,9 ,ITALY1 ! DEMOCRATIC /ATE HAS ITS ALLIES 9 ! V>I\S NEO- & 0PO/0-FASCI/ GR\PS4 ,!SE GR\PS HELP TO RAISE HY/]IA AB\T ! 09VASION0 ( =EIGN]S1 (T5 P>TICIPATE 9 POLICE RAIDS 9 IMMIGRANT NEI<BORHOODS &1 OV] ! PA/ FEW MON?S1 HAVE MADE SEV]AL ATTACKS AGA9/ AN>*I/ SPACES & 9DIVIDUALS4 ,IT IS IMPORTANT TO RECOGNIZE H]E ?AT !SE FASCI/S >E S]V+ ! 9T]E/S ( ! DEMOCRATIC /ATE TO KEEP ! EXPLOIT$ 9 !IR ATOMIZ$ ROLES AS CITIZ5S1 PRODUC]S & CONSUM]S1 & TO DEMONIZE ?OSE ( ! EXPLOIT$ :O CANNOT OR WILL NOT FIT 9TO !SE ROLES4 

,9 %ORT1 ! PREC>I\SNESS ?AT DEF9ES EV]Y ASPECT ( LIFE 9 ! PRES5T WORLD ALSO PUTS ! /ATE & CAPITAL AT RISK4 ,!Y CAN ONLY OP]ATE ON A P]PETUAL DEF5SIVE1 GO+ FROM ONE EM]G5CY MEASURE TO ! NEXT4 ,IF ! RE/LESSNESS ?AT DOM9ATES MO/ ( EXI/5CE IS NOT *ANNEL$ 9TO E?NIC1 RACIAL1 OR RELIGI\S CONFLICTS1 REPRES5T+ ! FE> ( ! UNKN[N1 & PORTRAY+ ! /ATE AS ! PURVEYOR ( /ABILITY1 IT MI<T BREAK \T AS REBELLION AGA9/ ! HORROR ( ! KN[N1 A REBELLION ?AT RECOGNIZES ! UNKN[N AS ! REALM ( NEW POSSIBILITIES = CREAT+ A DIFF]5T WAY ( LIV+4 ,& ?IS IS :AT ! /ATE FE>S4 

,9 ?IS LI<T1 WE CAN UND]/& ! FOCUS ( ! ,ITALIAN /ATE ON AN>*I/S & O!RS :O *OOSE TO OPPOSE IT 9 A CONSI/5TLY SELF-DET]M9$1 ANTI-9/ITUTIONAL MANN]4 ,IT IS C]TA9LY NOT ! /R5G? ( AN>*I/S ?AT IT FE>S1 BUT ITS [N WEAKNESS1 & ! CAPACITY ( AN>*I/S TO SEE !IR [N CONDITION 9 ?AT ( ALL ( ! EXCLUD$ & TO BR+ TO ?AT CONDITION AN EMBRACE ( ! UNKN[N ?AT CAN MOVE REBELLION BEYOND %E] DESP]ATION TO ! EXPLORATION ( POSSIBILITIES = ACTION1 COMPLICITY & ! CREATION ( LIFE4 ,S9CE ! HUGE & GR[+ NUMB] ( ?OSE :O DO NOT FIT 9TO ! SOCIAL ORD] HAS MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE = ! DEMOCRATIC /ATE TO MA9TA9 SOCIAL CONS5SUS1 AN 9CREAS+LY HEAT$ SOCIAL W> IS 9EVITABLE4 ,?US1 ! DEMOCRATIC /ATE IS =C$ MORE & MORE TO OP]ATE )9 A 0/ATE ( EXCEPTION0 -- SO MU* SO ?AT ! 0EXCEPTION0 IS PROV+ TO BE ! RULE4 ,& ?IS C\LD EASILY LEAD TO ! SITUATION :]E ! LIE ( RI<TS & ! 0RULE ( LAW0 >E EXPOS$ AS SIMPLY ONE SPECIFIC =M ( ! >BITR>Y RULE ( ! /ATE4 ,ONLY BY ! CREATION ( ! 0O!R0 -- ! SUPPOS$ ?REAT ( ! =EIGN]1 ! CRIM9AL1 ! T]RORI/1 ETC4 ?AT CAN JU/IFY ?IS SITUATION 9 ! EYES ( ?OSE :O CONT9UE TO SEE !MSELVES AS 09CLUD$0 -- CAN ! /ATE PUT (F ?IS EXPOSURE ( ITS NATURE4 ,& ?OSE :O >E QUICK TO PO9T \T ITS REAL NATURE1 LIKE AN>*I/S1 MU/ BE AMONG ?OSE :O >E MADE 0O!R40 ,! RISE ( ! 0W> ON T]RORISM10 ! NEW LAWS PASS$ 9 ,ITALY & 9 ,EUROPE 9CREAS+ POLICE & JUDICI>Y P[]S 9 ! FACE ( ! 0T]RORI/ ?REAT10 ! COMPLETE COMPLICITY ( MASS M$IA ) ! /ATE & ! V>I\S ASSOCIATIVE LAWS ALREADY ON ! BOOKS1 PROVIDE ! /ATE ) ! FRAMEWORK = PURSU+ ?IS 5DEAVOR4 

,! ME?ODOLOGY ( ! REPRESSION 

,!RE IS A COMMON ?READ ?AT RUNS ?R\< ALL ( !SE >RE/S AS WELL AS ?R\< ! NOTICES ( 9VE/IGATION ISSU$ TO SO MANY AN>*I/S :O W]E NOT >RE/$4 ,?AT IS ! *>GE ( 0SUBV]SIVE ASSOCIATION ) ! AIM ( T]RORISM & SUBV]SION ( ! DEMOCRATIC /ATE40 ,9 FACT1 ! EVID5CE SUPPORT+ ANY ( ! O!R *>GES IS QUITE FLIMSY1 BUT ?IS *>GE IS BROAD 5\< TO REQUIRE V]Y LITTLE EVID5CE4 ,SO IT'S WOR? \R :ILE TO LOOK AT IT MORE CLOSELY4 

,! LAW AGA9/ SUBV]SIVE ASSOCIATION IS >TICLE #bg ( ! ,ITALIAN LEGAL CODE4 ,IT WAS PUT 9TO EFFECT BY ,ROCCO1 ATTORNEY G5]AL UND] ,MUSSOL9I4 ,! LAW WAS NOT RESC9D$ :5 ,ITALY REE/ABLI%$ A DEMOCRATIC /ATE4 ,9/EAD IT HAS BE5 AM5D$ A C\PLE ( TIMES TO GIVE IT MORE BITE4 ,ONE SU* AM5DM5T1 ADD $ 9 ! #a#i#gS TO C\NT] ! 9CREAS+ USE ( 9SURG5T VIOL5CE AGA9/ ! ,ITALIAN /ATE1 IS P>AGRAPH #b#gBIS DEAL+ ) 0SUBV]SIVE ASSOCIATION0 ) ! AIM ( T]RORISM & 0! SUBV]SION ( ! DEMOCRATIC ORD]40 ,NO?+ 9 ! WORD+ ( ?IS LAW REQUIRES ?OSE *>G$ ) IT TO EV] ACTUALLY C>RY \T AN ACT ( VIOL5CE AGA9/ ! /ATE 9 ORD] TO BE CONVICT$4 ,!Y ONLY HAVE TO PROPOSE SU* ACTIONS4 ,?US1 !RE IS A C]TA9 FLEXIBILITY TO ! LAW ?AT IS USEFUL TO ! /ATE4 

,! LAW HAS NOT YET BE5 US$ SUCCESSFULLY AGA9/ AN>*I/S1 BUT />T+ ) ! ,M>9I TRIAL1 ITS USE HAS BE5 9CREAS+ RAPIDLY OV] ! PA/ SEV]AL YE>S1 & NOT JU/ AGA9/ AN>*I/S4 ,9 FACT1 MORE ?AN #h1 PEOPLE HAVE BE5 *>G$ ) SUBV]SIVE ASSOCIATION = V>I\S-/RUGGLES ?AT HAVE HAPP5$ 9 ! PA/ TWO YE>S1 & AS SOCIAL CONFLICT HEATS UP 9 ,ITALY1 ?IS NUMB] C\LD GO 9TO ! T5S ( ?\S&S4 

,! ,ITALIAN /ATE HAS HAD A PROBLEM TRY+ TO /RIKE ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ! C\NTRY AS A :OLE4 ,! PIECEMEAL APPROA* 9VOLV+ CONVICTIONS = SPECIFIC ACTS WAS NOT 5\<4 ,:5 ,M>9I DECID$ TO GO AFT] ! AN>*I/S1 HE DECID$ TO MAKE ASSOCIATIVE CRIMES ! C5T] ( HIS 9VE/IGATION & PROSECUTION4 ,?IS WAS ! FIR/ USE 7AT LEA/ 9 REC5T TIMES7 ( P>AGRAPH #b#gBIS AGA9/ AN>*I/S4 ,HIS HOPE 7& ?AT ( ! ,ITALIAN /ATE7 WAS ?AT ?IS W\LD PROVE TO BE A TOOL = /RIK+ ! 5TIRE AN>*I/ MOVEM5T AT ONCE4 ,AL?\< ! ,M>9I TRIAL C]TA9LY DRA9$ A LOT ( 5]GY 9 AN>*I/ CIRCLE 9 ! YE>S & YE>S ?AT IT DRAGG$ ON1 ULTIMATELY NO ONE WAS CONVICT$ ( #b#gBIS OR ANY O!R ASSOCIATIVE *>GE4 ,! LAW HAD BE5 WRITT5 9 A DIFF]5T TIME1 :5 HI<LY /RUCTUR$ ORGANIZATIONS W]E ! MO/ COMMON =M = 9SURG5T GR\PS TO TAKE4 ,SO ) ! DIS9TEGRATION ( ?OSE =MS ( ORGANIZATION1 ! LAW BECAME MORE DIFFICULT TO APPLY4 

,9 CURR5T /RUGGLE 9 ,ITALY1 :E!R AN>*I/S >E 9VOLV$ OR NOT1 ! ACTIVITY IS C>RI$ \T MO/LY BY 9DIVIDUALS OR SMALL1 B>ELY /RUCTUR$1 USUALLY TEMPOR>Y GR\PS4 ,AS !Y HAD BE5 PREVI\SLY APPLI$1 >TICLE #bg & P>AGRAPH #b#gBIS W]E NOT ABLE TO DEAL ) SU* A PH5OM5ON4 ,BUT ?OSE 9 P[] >E EXP]IM5T+ 9 ORD] TO REF9E ?IS REPRESSIVE LAW4 ,9T]IOR M9I/] ,PISANU WANTS TO ADD A NEW P>AGRAPH TO >TICLE #bg ?AT W\LD SPECIFICALLY CRIM9ALIZE AN>*I/S & O!R REVOLUTION>IES :O CANNOT BE REPRESS$ ) ! ?REE EXI/+ P>AGRAPHS4 

,C]TA9 /EPS HAVE ALREADY BE5 TAK5 TO REF9E ?IS LAW4 ,S9CE NO L>GE ASSOCIATION EXI/S1 IT IS ESS5TIAL TO F9D SMALL ASSOCIATIONS4 ,?US1 9 #ba 9 ,T>ANTO1 SOME REVOLUTION>IES W]E PROSECUT$ = A LOCAL #b#gBIS4 ,IT WAS CLAIM$ ?AT A LOCAL ORGANIZATION EXI/$ TO COMMIT CRIMES 9 ! LOCAL >EA4 ,?IS W5T ALMO/ UNNOTIC$ AT ! TIME )9 AN>*I/ CIRCLES1 & ?AT IS TOO BAD4 ,! SITUATION WAS A TE/+ GR\ND = TRY+ \T ! CAPACITY = RESI/+ A QUALITATIVE LEAP 9 ! FIELD ( REPRESSION4 ,! NON-RESPONSE AMONG AN>*I/S & O!R REBELS OP5$ ! DOOR TO FUR!R EXP]IM5TS BY ! /ATE4 

,?AT SAME YE>1 A FUR!R /EP WAS TAK5 9 ! 9VE/IGATION CALL$ 0,REBEL ,S\?40 ,RA!R ?AN SPEAK+ ( /RUCTURES1 ! /ATE SPOKE ( A 0COORD9ATION0 AMONG V>I\S ORGANIZATIONS ?AT %>$ A FEW OBJECTIVES1 ! *IEF ONE SUPPOS$LY BE+ TO BR+ ! REAL CONFLICTS ( S\!RN ,ITALY & ! WORLD 9 G5]AL TO ,G5OA4 ,?\< SOME RESI/ANCE DEVELOP$ AGA9/ ?IS REPRESSIVE OP]ATION1 IT FAD$ QUICKLY1 & SOON LOCAL 9VE/IGATIONS = #b#gBIS BEGAN TO PROLIF]ATE4 

,PUBLIC PROSECUTOR ,VITELLO DECID$ TO TAKE ! EXP]IM5T 9 A RA!R DIFF]5T DIRECTION4 ,HE OP5$ ! ,C]VANTES 9VE/IGATION BAS$ ON HIS HYPO!SIS ?AT !RE IS ALREADY A NATIONAL ASSOCIATION = C>RY+ \T ATTACKS1 BUT ?AT IT IS NOT ORGANIZ$ ACCORD+ TO ! OLD NORMS4 ,RA!R1 HE CLAIMS1 IT FUNCTIONS ACCORD+ TO ! MODEL ( AFF9ITY GR\PS4 ,TO BUILD UP ! EVID5CE = ?IS 0NATIONAL ASSOCIATION0 ,VITELLO 5C\RAG$ PUBLIC PROSECUTORS TO OP5 LOCAL 9VE/IGATIONS 9 !IR REGIONS4 ,VITELLO OP5$ ! FIR/ SU* 9VE/IGATION ON ,FEBRU>Y #a#g1 #b#d1 AGA9/ ! ,CITIZ5S' ,COMMITTEE ,AGA9/ ,PRISON & ,SOCIAL ,REPRESSION 9 ,VIT]BO4 ,BESIDES ! USUAL #b#gBIS1 HE CLAIM$ ?AT ! COMRADES W]E 9VOLV$ 9 ! CRIMES CIT$ 9 ! ,C]VANTES 9VE/IGATION4 ,!N HE 9CLUD$ SOME ( ! AN>*I/S ( ! ,COMMITTEE 9 ! ,C]VANTES 9VE/IGATION4 ,& SO PUBLIC PROSECUTORS ALL OV] ,ITALY BEGAN TO OP5 LOCAL 9VE/IGATIONS = #b#gBIS ) ! AIM ( COMB9+ !M 9TO ONE GREAT 9VE/IGATION ?AT C\LD OP5 ! DOOR TO A SPECIFIC LAW AGA9/ 0AN>*O-9SUR-RECTIONALI/S10 AS ! PROSECUTORS1 ,PISANU & ! M$IA LOVE TO LABEL !SE REBELS4 

,! M$IA PLAYS ITS ROLE BY PORTRAY+ ! 0AN>*O-9SURRECTIONALI/S0 AS T]RORI/S SECOND ONLY TO ,AL-,QA$A 9 T]MS ( ! DANG] !Y ?REAT5 TO LET LOOSE4 ,! AU?ORITIES1 9 FACT1 PLAY ON ! 0W> ON T]RORISM0 ?R\<\T1 BO? BECAUSE IT P]MITS ! USE ( DRACONIAN MEASURES & BECAUSE IT CREATES ! IMAGE ( ! AN>*I/ AS A DANG]\S 0O!R0 AGA9/ :I* ! /ATE DEF5DS ITS GOOD CITIZ5S4 

,EV5 IF ! ATTEMPTS TO PROSECUTE AN>*I/S = #b#gBIS %\LD FAIL AGA91 ?OSE >RE/$ ON ?IS *>GE CAN BE HELD 9 PRISON = UP TO TWO YE>S )\T A TRIAL1 ?US EFFECTIVELY TAK+ !M AWAY FROM !IR LIVES & /RUGGLES1 & ?IS AT A TIME :5 ! DET]IORATION ( SOCIAL CONDITIONS IS /OK+ ! FIRES ( SOCIAL CONFLICT 9 ,ITALY & ELSE:]E4 

,!RE IS MU* MORE AB\T ( ! ME?ODS ( ! ,ITALIAN /ATE & :Y !Y >E DO+ ?IS N[ ?AT C\LD BE EXAM9$1 BUT ,I AM HOP+ ?AT ,ITALIAN COMRADES WILL WRITE 9 TO CORRECT & SUPPLEM5T !SE COMM5TS4 

,%[+ SOLID>ITY 

,SOLID>ITY IS NOT AN OBLIGATION1 BUT A *OICE BAS$ 9 MUTUALITY4 ,IF ,I *OOSE TO EXPRESS SOLID>ITY ) ANY /RUGGLES1 COMRADES OR PRISON]S1 IT IS BECAUSE ,I SEE MY /RUGGLE TO TAKE BACK MY LIFE & LIVE IT ON MY T]MS )9 !M4 ,?IS IS :Y ! MO/ ESS5TIAL ASPECT ( SOLID>ITY IS TO CONT9UE ! /RUGGLES & REVOLTS WE %>E ) \R COMRADES :]E WE >E4 

,UND]/OOD 9 ?IS WAY1 SOLID>ITY IS NEV] ) ! SUFF]+ ( O!RS -- ?AT W\LD M]ELY BE PITY1 NOT TRUE SOLID>ITY4 ,RA!R WE ACT 9 SOLID>ITY ) ! F]OCITY ?AT !Y HAVE %[N 9 REFUS+ TO ACCEPT !IR SUFF]+4 ,?IS IS :Y QUE/IONS ( GUILT OR 9NOC5CE >E ( NO IMPORTANCE 9 RELATION TO SOLID>ITY ) >RE/$ & IMPRISON$ COMRADES4 ,:AT MATT]S IS ?AT WE KN[ ?AT !Y >E FI<T+ ! /ATE & ITS S]VANTS & ?AT CURR5TLY ! /ATE HAS *OS5 TO /RIKE !M FI]CELY = ATTACK+ IT4 

',! COMRADES >RE/$ & PLAC$ UND] 9VE/IGATION 9 ,ITALY1 ALONG ) ?OSE :OSE HOMES W]E 9VAD$ BY COPS1 ALL RECOGNIZ$ :AT !IR DAILY REBELLION %>$ 9 COMMON ) O!R EXPLOIT$ PEOPLE4 ,ALL ( !SE COMRADES ACT$ 9 !IR [N WAY TO EXPRESS !IR COMPLICITY & SOLID>ITY ) ! REBELLIONS ( ?OSE 9 ! ,C,P,TS & ?R\<\T ,ITALY1 9 ,PATAGONIA1 9 ,IRAQ1 & ?R\<\T ! WORLD4 

,9 ! SAME WAY1 SOLID>ITY ) ! AN>*I/S >RE/$ 9 ,ITALY W\LD NE$ TO />T FROM A RECOGNITION ( COMPLICITY & MUTUALITY1 RECOGNIZ+ \R [N REBELLION 9 !IRS4 ,?US1 ! GREATE/ ACTS ( SOLID>ITY W\LD BE TO F9D ! PLACES :]E \R /RUGGLES 9T]WEAVE ) ?OSE !Y W]E 9VOLV$ 94 ,?US1 ALSO TO F9D :]E !Y 9T]WEAVE ) ! REVOLTS ( WILDCATT+ TRANSIT WORK]S1 F>E /RIK]S1 UNDOCUM5T$ IMMIGRANTS1 ALL ?OSE FI<T+ DISPOSSESSION1 ! PORTIONS ( ,IRAQI RESI/ANCE ?AT REMA9 FREE ( SECT>IAN & NATIONALI/ RACKETS444 ,& SO ! ?READS WEAVE F>!R & F>!R4 

,& ! =CES ( DOM9ATION1 EXPLOITATION1 & REPRESSION >E ! SAME H]E AS 9 ,ITALY & ! RE/ ( ! WORLD EV5 IF ! SPECIFIC ME?ODS ( !IR FUNCTION+ V>Y DUE TO SPECIFIC CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,WE CAN F9D ! L9KS 9 ! *A9 ( EXPLOITATION ?AT CONNECT US ) ! COMRADES 9 ,ITALY & ) ALL ! EXPLOIT$ & DISPOSSESS$ 9 REVOLT & AIM \R ATTACKS AT !SE PO9TS4 ,& ?IS IS TRUE SOLID>ITY1 :I* GIVES SUB/ANCE TO ANY SUPPORT WE MAY *OOSE TO GIVE ! >RE/$ COMRADES1 %[+ ITS BASIS 9 COMPLICITY RA!R ?AN *>ITY OR DUTY4 

,AN AN>*I/ /RANG] 9 AN ALI5 WORLD 

  

.<#a.> ,! C>B9I]I >E ! ,ITALIAN NATIONAL POLICE =CE1 A P>T ( ! MILIT>Y4 ,!Y OP]ATE ABROAD AS WELL AS 9 ,ITALY4 ,= EXAMPLE1 !Y HAVE C>RI$ \T MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS 9 ,SOMALIA & ! ,BALKANS1 & ! CURR5T ,ITALIAN TROOPS 9 ,IRAQ >E C>AB9I]I4 

.<#b.> ,C,P,TS >E CONC5TRATION CAMPS = UNDOCUM5T$ IMMIGRANTS1 :O >E HELD !RE AWAIT+ DEPORTATION4 

.<#c.> ,! ,EUROPEAN BRAN* ( ,EXXON1 SUPPLI]S ( FUEL = ! ,COALITION =CES 9 ! W> 9 ,IRAQ & ,AF<ANI/AN4 

.<#d.> ,RI<T-W+ P>TY TO :I* ,ITALIAN PRIME M9I/] ,B]LUSCONI BELONGS4 

.<#e.> ,ITALIAN POLITICAL POLICE 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bba 3 ,/ATE ,REPRESSION ,AGA9/ ,AN>*I/S 9 ,ITALY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,/ATE ,REPRESSION ,AGA9/ ,AN>*I/S 9 ,ITALY -- ,UPDAT$4 

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