,/>S 9 ,!IR ,EYES4 ,NOTES ON ! ORIG9S ( ! CULT ( CELEBRITY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANONYM\S 

,TEXT 3 

,HAV+ AB&ON$ H] WOR?Y HUSB& = A TOY BOY1 A Y\NG WOMAN DIES ( A H]O9 OV]DOSE1 ACCOMPANI$ ONLY BY H] TRAUMATIZ$ #c YE> OLD DAU<T]4 ,! REACTION ( MID-#eS ,DAILY ,MAIL READ]S1 A DEMOGRAPHIC NOT KN[N = !IR TOL]ANCE ( DRUGGIES & S+LE MO!RS8 ,FASC9ATION1 ALMO/ ADULATION -- C]TA9LY CELEBRATION ( ! WOMAN ?AT DI$4 ,( C\RSE1 %E WASN'T JU/ ANY S+LE MO!R1 %E WAS ,PAULA ,YATES1 A CELEBRITY4 

,P]PLEX$ BY ?IS D\BLE-/&>D ON BEHALF ( MY !N-COLLEAGUES1 ,I ASK$ :AT WAS IT ,PAULA ,YATES WAS FAM\S = ANYWAY8 ,!Y SEEM$ PRETTY VAGUE AB\T IT1 DESPITE KN[+ AN AL>M+ AM\NT ( BIOGRAPHICAL DETAIL AB\T A WOMAN ,I'D HAVE ?\<T !Y HAD ALMO/ NO?+ 9 COMMON )4 ,WAS IT H] PRES5T+ A BAD #a#i#hS YO( POP PROGRAM1 ,! ,WORD1 BADLY2 GETT+ (F ) ,AUSSIE %AG >TI/1 ,MI*AEL ,HUT*5S1 :O SUBSEQU5TLY MANAG$ TO HANG HIMSELF :IL/ WANK+ 9 A CLOSET2 BE+ ! UNACKN[L$G$ DAU<T] ( ANO!R NONDESCRIPT BYGONE 5T]TA9]1 ,HU<IE ,GRE58 ,IT SEEMS %E WAS SOMEH[ JU/ FAM\S = BE+ FAM\S4 ,NONE ( ?IS SEEM$ SUFFICI5T REASON = !M TO SUSP5D !IR USUAL JUDGM5TAL ATTITUDES4 ,I DECID$ TO TURN TO AN?ROPOLOGY = AN EXPLANATION1 TO F9D ! ORIG9S ( ?IS PA?OLOGY4 

,BE=E ,!Y ,W]E ,FAM\S 

,!RE IS NO CELEBRITY 9 HUNT] _/ GA!R]1 B&-SCALE SOCIETIES4 ,F>LEY ,M[AT OBS]V$ ?AT :IL/ 9DIVIDUALITY WAS GREATLY PRIZ$ AMONG ! ,9UIT HE LIV$ )1 9DIVIDUALS AS SU* >E NOT *]I%$4.<#a.> 

,?IS IS ! FIR/ GREAT LAW ( ! L&3 ?AT A MAN'S BUS9ESS IS SACR$ UNTO HIMSELF1 & ?AT IT IS NO P>T ( HIS NEI<BORS DUTY TO 9T]F]E 9 ANY WAY UNLESS ! COMMUNITY IS 5DANG]$4 

,! ,SAN 7,BU%M57 >E MORE 9TOL]ANT ( 9DIVIDUAL PR[ESS1 AS PO9T$ \T BY ,KEV9 ,TUCK]4.<#b.> ,! ,SAN >E PROBABLY ! ONLY PEOPLE ON ! PLANET ?AT /ILL USE ! EXHAU/ION HUNT1 ONE MAN LIT]ALLY RUNN+ D[N GAME UNTIL IT COLLAPSES ) EXHAU/ION4  ,:5 ITS MEAT IS RETURN$ TO ! CAMP1 ! LIKELY ALSO DECID$LY KNACK]$ HUNT] ISN'T MET ) PRAISE1 9/EAD ) TAUNTS & DEM&S HE HURRY UP & DI/RIBUTE ! MEAT QUICKLY & FAIRLY TO ! RE/ ( ! B&4 ,9 ,WE/]N CIVILIZ$ SOCIETY1 SU* BEHAVIOR W\LD H>DLY BE DEEM$ GOOD MANN]S1 BUT TO ! ,SAN1 IT IS A WAY ( /OPP+ AN EXCEPTIONAL P]SON 7ONE FIT 5\< TO RUN D[N GAME7 GETT+ ABOVE HIMSELF1 FEEL+ HE IS MORE SPECIAL ?AN ! COMMUNITY AS A :OLE -- & DES]V+ ( GREAT] PRIVILEGES4 

,! B& IS SO HI<LY PRIZ$ AS EA* P]SON 9 IT CAN ONLY SURVIVE ?R\< MUTUAL EF=T1 EI!R :5 P>TICUL> PEOPLE >E TOO Y\NG1 OLD OR SICK TO F5D = !MSELVES OR :5 A TASK NE$S DO+ COLLECTIVELY4 ,?IS EXT5DS TO A POOL+ ( PROP]TY -- :AT ,BOOK*9 CALLS USUFRUCT1 ?AT PROP]TY IS ONLY PRIVATE :5 ACTUALLY US$ BY SOMEONE & SOMEONE ELSE'S :5 !Y TAKE IT UP 9 !IR TURN4.<#c.> ,B& PEOPLE DEF9E !MSELVES BY ! GR\P4 ,AU/RALIAN ABORIG9ES BELIEV$ ?AT ?OSE REMOV$ FROM !IR B&S W]E EFFECTIVELY 'DEAD' 7?\< !Y'RE MO/ PLEAS$ & SURPRIS$ :5 !Y RETURN FROM POLICE CU/ODY OR :]EV]7 & ,H>TMUT ,HELL] OBS]V$ ?AT ! ,HADZA ( ,EA/ ,AFRICA /RIVE TO BE PHYSICALLY 9 CONTACT ) EA* O!R AT ALL TIMES4 ,! IDEA ( PEOPLE SLEEP+ ALONE & 'P]SONAL SPACE' 9 SIMIL> RESPECTS IS ALI5 & MO/ DI/URB+ TO !M4 

,BIG ,M5 -- ,COME ,ON ,D[N6 

,! ,G]MAN SOCIOLOGI/ ,MAX ,WEB] >GU$ ?AT ! FIR/ =MS ( AU?ORITY W]E *>ISMATIC4 ,BY %E] =CE ( P]SONALITY1 SOME 9DIVIDUALS MANAG$ TO ASS]T !MSELVES ABOVE & BEYOND !IR SOCIETY4  ,?IS IS A COMPLEX QUE/ION & H]E IS NOT REALLY ! PLACE TO EXPLORE IT AT L5G?4 ,REG>D+ CELEBRITY1 ! 'BIG M5' ( ,NEW ,GU9EA >E A USEFUL T\*/ONE ?\<4 ,! ,TAIRORA >5'T HUNT] _/ GA!R]S1 !Y >E HORTICULTURALI/S :]E !RE IS P]SONAL WEAL? IS BAS$ ON HOLD+ SMALL G>D5S & PIGS4 ,?IS WEAL? ALL[S = ! RISE ( DIS9CT 9DIVIDUALS3.<#d.> 

,! ,BIG ,MAN'S LEAD]%IP ACCRUES FROM HIS WEAL?1 HIS P]SONAL *>ISMA1 & SOMETIMES FROM HIS %E] PHYSICAL P[] & SIZE4 

,! ,BIG ,MAN USES HIS PIGS TO S]VE UP HUGE BANQUETS1 OBLIGAT+ ?OSE P>TAK+ ( !M TO HIM4 ,H[EV]1 EV5TUALLY HE PRESSES TOO MU* ON !SE DEBTORS' OBLIGATIONS & IS !N TYPICALLY AMBU%$ & KILL$ BY !M4 ,?IS IS A SALUT>Y REM9D] ( ! HUNT] _/ GA!R] PR9CIPLE ?AT H[EV] P[]FUL ONE P]SON IS1 S_/HE IS NEV] MORE P[]FUL ?AN ! GR\P AS A :OLE4 ,M>%ALL ,SAHL9S SUGGE/S ?AT 9 ,NEW ,GU9EA1 SOCIETIES LIKE ! ,TAIRORA GO ?R\< CYCLES ( ,BIG ,M5 & !IR OV]?R[ BY PEOPLE DISADVANTAG$ BY ! CONSEQU5CES ( SU* 9DIVIDUALISM = EV]YONE ELSE4 

,IT'S R>E = A ,BIG ,MAN TO HAVE 9FLU5CE OV] MORE ?AN #b1#e PEOPLE DUE TO ! LIMITS ( P]SONAL *>ISMA & COMMUNICATIONS 9 ,NEW ,GU9EA'S M\NTA9\S HE>T-L&4 ,?IS SORT ( CELEBRITY IS A BIT LIKE ?AT >\ND ! MORE AU!NTIC PUNK OR C\NTRY B&S1 BAS$ ON P]SONAL CONTACT ) FANS :O DON'T LIKE ! IDEA ( B& MEMB]S '?9K+ !Y'RE BETT]'1 GETT+ TOO MU* ABOVE !M4 

,TYRANNY -- ,CELEBRITY ,PROP] 

,K+%IP >ISES :5 P[] CAN BE DELEGAT$1 VILLAGE HEADM5 7SORT ( LIKE ! ,BIG ,M5 ABOVE7 ACT+ AS LOCAL GOV]NORS & TAX _/ TRIBUTE COLLECTORS = ONE RUL+ OV] !M1 !IR K+4 ,! K+ IS 9H]5TLY DESPOTIC1 A TYRANT1 AT ?IS /AGE ( SOCIETAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,AS ,WEB] NOT$4.<#e.> 

,RA!R ?AN DAT+ ! EFFACEM5T ( ! 9DIVIDUAL FROM ! 9/ITUTION ( DESPOTIC AU?ORITY1 WE MU/1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 SEE 9 ?IS 9/ITUTION ! FIR/ /EP MADE T[>DS 9DIVIDUALISM4 ,*IEFS >E1 9 FACT1 ! FIR/ P]SONALITIES :O EM]GE FROM ! SOCIAL MASS4  ,!IR EXCEPTIONAL SITUATION1 PUTT+ !M BEYOND ! LEVEL ( O!RS1 GIVES !M A DI/9CT PHYSIOGNOMY & ACCORD+LY CONF]S 9DIVIDUALITY UPON !M4 ,9 DOM9AT+ SOCIETY1 !Y >E NO LONG] =C$ TO FOLL[ ITS MOVEM5TS4  ,( C\RSE1 IT IS FROM ! GR\P ?AT !Y D]IVE !IR P[]1 BUT ONCE P[] IS ORGANIZ$1 IT BECOMES AUTONOM\S & MAKES !M CAPABLE ( P]SONAL ACTIVITY4 ,A S\RCE ( 9ITIATIVE IS ?US OP5$ :I* HAD NOT EXI/$ BE=E !N4  ,!RE IS1 H]EAFT]1 SOMEONE :O CAN PRODUCE NEW ?+S & EV51 9 C]TA9 MEASURE1 D5Y COLLECTIVE USAGES4 ,EQUILIBRIUM HAS BE5 BROK54 

,RA!R ?AN ! 9DIVIDUAL BE+ B\ND5 TO !IR SOCIETY1 N[ ! 9DIVIDUAL -- AT LEA/ ONE V]Y SPECIAL 9DIVIDUAL1 ! K+ -- HAS SOCIETY B\ND$ TO HIM4 ,IT IS BY ! K+'S :IM ?AT B\NTY & PUNI%M5T IS DI/RIBUT$1 ! DEA? ( HUNDR$S SE5 AS AN APPROPRIATE RESPONSE TO ANY REAL OR IMAG9$ 7MAYBE MAGICAL_/ WIT*CRAFT7 ?REAT TO ! K+1 & ! RUL] ALL[$ TO BREAK DEADLY TABOOS SU* AS ?OSE AGA9/ 9CE/ OR ! EAT+ ( C]TA9 FOODS =BIDD5 EV]YONE ELSE ) NE>-IMPUNITY4 

,IT IS PRECISELY ?IS ?AT HUNT]-GA!R]S SEEK TO RESI/ SO /RONGLY4 ,EV5 SOME RELATIVELY COMPLEX PA/ORAL GR\PS LIKE ! ,NU]'S NEI<BORS1 ! ,KA+ANG DO3.<#f.> 

,AL?\< ! ,KA+ANG RESPECT P[] !Y CANNOT TOL]ATE ANY K9D ( 9T5SIFICATION ( IT3 = SU* 9T5SIFICATION IS FELT BY !M TO BE DISRUPTIVE4 ,?R\< !IR 9SI/5CE ON ! PRIM>Y IMPORTANCE ( ! O!R P]SON & !IR FAILURE TO REW>D A*IEVEM5T1 ! ,KA+ANG HAVE SUPPRESS$ PROCESSES ?AT 5C\RAGE ! CONC5TRATION ( P[] 9 ! H&S ( \T/&+ 9DIVIDUALS4 

,IT IS UND] TYRANNY ?AT WE F9D ! EM]G5CE ( 'H]OES'1 W>RIORS UND] ! K+ :O HAVE SONGS SUNG AB\T !M1 !IR *>ACT]S & 7TYPICALLY MURD]\S7 DE$S DESCRIB$1 ALBEIT 9 RA!R RUDIM5T>Y T]MS -- A /> SY/EM1 9 EFFECT1 AS WELL AS A W> BY ! PRIVILEG$ FEW UPON ! MANY4 

,?OR\<LY ,MOD]N ,WO_/,MAN 

,A PEEK 9TO ,SIR ,?OMAS ,MALORY'S #a#f? C5TURY ,MORTE D',>?UR %[S H[ LONG ?IS H]OIC N>RATIVE P]SI/$1 AL?\< AT LEA/ ! PROTO-B\RGEOIS ,MALORY %[S ! T5SIONS BETWE5 K+ ,>?UR & LESS] NOBLES LIKE ,LANCELOT1 ! ONLY ONES HE REALLY BO!RS TO *>ACT]IZE4 

,! ,5GLI% ,CIVIL ,W> A C5TURY LAT] WAS AS MU* AB\T ?IS QUE/ION ( 9DIVIDUALITY AS IT WAS AB\T P[]4 ,9 >GU+ = ABSOLUTISM1 ,*>LES ,I,I 9SI/$ HE WAS ! ,GODAPPO9T$ UNIQUE 9DIVIDUAL1 :]EAS ! B\RGEOIS ,P>LIAM5T>IANS W]E >GU+ = A DEMOCRATIZATION ( 9DIVIDUALISM TO ALL4 ,!Y EV5 HAD LAWS & SCI5CES BAS$ ON SU* 9DIVIDUALI/IC PR9CIPLES -- ATOMS & SO =?4 ,BEHEAD+ ',*>LES ! TYRANT' DIDN'T 5D TYRANNY1 ( C\RSE1 IT JU/ CREAT$ MILLIONS ( P]SONAL TYRANNIES1 EA* WO_/MAN RUL+ !MSELVES MO/ H>%LY1 EA* SEP>AT$ 9 !IR 9DIVIDUALITY FROM ! NEXT 9 A WAY ?AT W\LD HORRIFY & MY/IFY !IR ORIG9AL HUNT] _/ GA!R ANCE/ORS4 

,?IS ATOMIZ$ 9DIVIDUALISM WAS IDEAL = RUNN+ AN ECONOMY :]E PEOPLE DID HI<LY SPECIALIZ$ ROLES 79T5SE DIVISION ( LABOR7 M$IAT$ ?R\< A ME*ANIZ$ 9DU/RIAL _/ PRODUCTIVE GRID4 ,! TR\BLE WAS ?AT ?IS SORT ( 9DIVIDUALISM CREAT$ FEEL+S ( VA/ LONEL9ESS & P[]LESSNESS1 PEOPLE YE>N+ = OLD] =MS4 

,& 9 ! PAGES ( ,O,K & ,HELLO1 ! GOSSIP COLUMNS ( ! TABLOID PRESS1 WE HAVE IT4 ,C]TA9 9DIVIDUALS HAVE BE5 RAIS$ UP AS CELEBRITIES1 ALBEIT /RANGELY NOT ?OSE DIRECTLY WIELD+ P[] SU* AS POLITICIANS & SOLDI]S1 EV5 GREAT ?9K]S1 BUT 5T]TA9]S & P]HAPS ! MORE FREAKY ( CURIOSITIES1 ,J]RY ,SPR+] & ,NATIONAL ,5QUIR] MAT]IAL4 ,!IR NATURE IS P>ADOXICAL3 !Y >E PRES5T$ AS BO? EXCEPTIONAL & EV]YWO_/MAN1 REMOTE FROM US YET ASPIRATIONS TO BE A*IEV$4 ,J5NIF] ,LOPEZ WELL-ILLU/RATES ?IS1 :OSE MANUFACTUR$ IMAGE IS 'JU/ ANO!R ,LAT9A FROM ! B>RIO'1 YET :O NOT ONLY SURR\NDS H]SELF ) ! GROSSE/ DISPLAYS ( OPUL5CE1 9CLUD+ UP TO #g P]SONAL ASSI/ANTS1 LIMO CONVOYS1 & 7HI<LY TACKY7 FUR COATS & [NBR& P]FUME1 BUT ACTUALLY TRUMPETS ?IS TOO AS P>T ( H] IMAGE4 ,CLE>LY1 WE >E BE+ TRANSF]R$ H]E FROM ! REALM ( ! REAL TO ! REALMS ( ',AM]IKAN DREAMS'1 PEOPLES' [N ASPIRATIONS BE+ ACT$ \T 9 ! P]SON ( SU* 9DIVIDUALS4 ,?IS1 TOO1 IS :Y EXCESSIVE 'ROCK />'-/YLE BEHAVIOR A LA ,PAULA ,YATES IS ALSO 5?USIA/ICALLY RECEIV$ -- AS WAS ?AT ( ! >*AIC TYRANTS EV5 BY ?OSE !Y OPPRESS$4 ,9 PRE-COLONIAL ,BUG&A1 ! C\RT ( ! KABAKA FELT HIS POT5CY AS A RUL] DECL9$ PROPORTIONATE TO ANY DECL9E 9 ! NUMB] ( EXECUTIONS -- NECESS>Y OR NOT -- ?AT HE ORD]$4 

,PROMIS+LY1 ID5TIFICATION ) CELEBRITIES IS NOT TOTAL4 ,!Y >E NOT ROLE MODELS TO BE FOLL[$ M9DLESSLY1 NOT LEA/ BECAUSE MO/ PEOPLE CAN'T AF=D !IR PRODUCT-PLAC$ LIFE/YLE OPTIONS ANYWAY4 ,! FALL ( CELEBRITIES IS FOLL[$ AS 5?USIA/ICALLY AS !IR RISE1 & MO/ PEOPLE >E GLAD TO HE> ! LIKE ( %AV$ MONKEY ,ROBBIE ,WILLIAMS CONFESS HIS LIFE AS A CELEBRITY HAS BE5 EXTREMELY UNHAPPY4 ,SOME ( ?IS IS PURE CLASS HATR$ -- :AT1 AP>T FROM FAME1 MAKES !M ANY BETT] ?AN US8 -- BUT SOME ( IT IS MORE ?AN ?AT1 A FEEL+ ?AT !Y >E LIV+ !IR LIVES AT \R EXP5SE1 ?AT BY LIV+ \R LIVES ?R\< CELEBRITY SURROGATES1 !Y HAVE SOMEH[ /OL5 \R LIVES FROM US4 ,( C\RSE1 ! REASON ! LIKES ( ,WILLIAMS >E SO UNHAPPY IS ?AT !IR [N LIVES >E NE>LY :OLLY UNREAL TOO1 !IR CELEBRITY IMAGES C>EFULLY CLOAK+ !IR REAL1 PRIVATE LIVES1 EXI/5CES MADE ALL ! MORE 9SECURE AS !IR DISCLOSURE IS B\ND TO CONTRADICT ! IMAGE & DE/ROY IT4 ,LIKE ! ,BIG ,MAN1 ! /> IS DE/ROY$ BY DEBTS1 ?IS TIME TO REALITY1 ?\< MOD]N ',BIG ,M5' ONLY SURVIVE BY APPROPRIATELY MOD]N C>EFULLY CONTRIV$ ISOLATION FROM !IR DEBTORS RA!R ?AN CON/ANT CONTACT ) !M4 

,IT WAS ! ,/RANGL]S ?AT SANG 0,NO MORE H]OES ANY MORE0 7AMUS+LY 9CLUD+ ,LEON ,TROTSKY AMONG ?AT EXALT$ NUMB]71 BUT :Y IS IT CELEBRITY P]SI/S8 ,BECAUSE !Y >E A SAFETY VALVE = MAJORITY'S UNREALIZ$ ASPIRATIONS 7'SOMEONE MADE IT -- IT C\LD BE Y\'1 ETC7 & HOTEL ROOM-TRA%+ BEHAVIOR1 A MONEY-SP9N] 9 FACT4 ,AS ! ,SITUATIONI/S ACUTELY NOT$1 WE NE$ TO REALLY LIVE )\T !SE M$IATIONS1 TO LIVE \R [N DREAMS4 ,9 FACT1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO TRULY LIVE ) !M4 ,CELEBRITY IS ! 5EMY ( COMMUNITY4 ,IT1 & ! COMPLEX SOCIETY ?AT D5IES US FULL BE+1 >E ! 9H]ITANCE ( TYRANNY4  ,ALL MU/ BE DE/ROY$4 

  

.<#a.> ,F>LEY ,M[AT'S ,PEOPLE ( ! ,DE] 7,JOSEPH ,MI*AEL1 #a#i#e#d71 P4#a#g#c4 ,MALE-BIAS$ >*AICISMS >E HIS4 

.<#b.> ,P]SONAL COMMUNICATION VIA ,COALITION ,AGA9/ ,CIVILIZATION1 ,P,O ,BOX #h#c#e1 ,GRE5SBURG1 ,P,A #a#e#f#a1 ,U,S,A4 

.<#c.> ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9'S ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM 7,*E%IRE1 #a#i#h#b71 *AP4 #e4 

.<#d.> ,H>OLD ,B>CLAY'S ,PEOPLE ,)\T ,GOV]NM5T 7,CI5FUEGOS1 #a#i#h#b71 P4#f#f4 

.<#e.> ,ELI ,SAGAN'S ,AT ! ,DAWN ( ,TYRANNY 7,V9TAGE1 #a#i#h#e71 P4#c#a4 

.<#f.> IBID41 P4#c#b4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bba 3 ,/>S 9 ,!IR ,EYES4 ,NOTES ON ! ORIG9S ( ! CULT ( CELEBRITY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,/>S 9 ,!IR ,EYES4 ,NOTES ON ! ORIG9S ( ! CULT ( CELEBRITY -- ,UPDAT$4 

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