,/AL9 & ,G]MAN ,COMMUNISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK 

,TEXT 3 

,REVIEW ( ,/AL9 & ,G]MAN ,COMMUNISM4 ,A ,/UDY 9 ! ,ORIG9S ( ! ,/ATE ,P>TY4 ,BY ,RU? ,FIS*]1 ,H>V>D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#d#h1 #fhg PP41 @s#h2 
,S\RCE3 ,WE/]N ,SOCIALI/1 ,BO/ON1 ,U,S,A1 ,M>*-,APRIL1 #a#i#d#i2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,ADAM ,BUICK4 

,! PO/W> SITUATION ) ! NEW IMP]IALI/ RIVALRIES BR\<T =? AN 
,AM]ICAN BOOM 9 ANTI-BOL%EVIK LIT]ATURE4 ,! LATE/ ( SEV]AL BIG VOLUMES1 
/>T+ ) ,TROTSKY'S ,/AL9 BIOGRAPHY IS ,RU? ,FIS*]'S WORK ON 
! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ,/AL9 & ! ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,TO DEAL ) 
,/AL9ISM 9 ?IS MANN] US P>TICUL>LY APT1 AS ! COMPETITION BETWE5 
,AM]ICA & ,RUSSIA CONC]NS CONTROL OV] O!R C\NTRIES4 ,! 
0RAPE0 ( SMALL] NATIONS BY GREAT] P[]S IS A MOD]N 
RALLY+-CRY = W>2 :I* IS UND]/&ABLE1 = :AT ONE'S RIVAL 
SWALL[S IS LO/ TO ONE'S [N APPETITE4 ,9T]E/ 9 WAYS & MEANS ( 
,RUSSIAN 0AGGRESSION0 IS CONSEQU5TLY GREAT & ?IS BOOK HOPES TO 
KEEP IT AWAKE = ! APPROA*+ NEW /RUGGLES AGA9/ ! EXP&+ 
TOTALIT>IANISM4 

,PR(4 ,FAY'S 9TRODUCTION 

,9TRODUC+ ,RU? ,FIS*] TO ! ,AM]ICAN READ]S1 ,PR(ESSOR ,FAY ( ,H>V>D 
PO9TS \T ?AT H] EXPOSITION ( ,RUSSIAN POLICY IS ( ! GREATE/ 
SIGNIFICANCE = ! WORLD TODAY1 BECAUSE IT %[S ?AT ,COMMUNI/ P>TIES WORK 
= !IR 0,MOSC[ MA/]S1 RA!R ?AN AS HONE/ PATRIOTS = ! GOOD ( 
!IR NATIVE L&40 ,RUSSIAN EF=TS TO MANIPULATE ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/ POLICY 
REG>DLESS ( ,G]MANY'S [N 9T]E/S1 HE SAYS1 WAS ONE IMPORTANT REASON 
= ,RU? ,FIS*]'S BREAK ) ,MOSC[4 ,IT WAS1 MOREOV]1 A DEEP DEMOCRATIC 
CONC]N ) ,L59'S 0RI<T ( NATIONAL SELF-DET]M9ATION0 
?AT MADE H] 9TO A ,COMMUNI/ 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,FAY1 IT WAS ! 
REFUSAL ON ! P>T ( ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC LEAD]S TO ?9K 9 T]MS ( REAL 
AUTONOMY = ! V>I\S NATIONALITIES 9 ! ,AU/RO-,HUNG>IAN /ATE ?AT DROVE 
,RU? ,FIS*] TO ! EXTREME LEFT ( H] P>TY & MADE H] ONE ( ! F\ND]S 
( ,AU/RIAN ,COMMUNISM4 ,9 ?IS WAY ,RU? ,FIS*] IS RELEGAT$ 9TO ! RANKS ( 
! MANY PATRIOTIC M>TYRS & /ATESM5 :O FL$ ! NEW ,RUSSIAN ,EMPIRE TO 
WRITE BOOKS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,PR(ESSOR ,FAY'S PROTECTIVE ATTITUDE T[>DS HIS AU?OR & HIMSELF IS 
RA!R SUP]FLU\S4 ,SYMPA?Y ) 0,G]MAN0 ,COMMUNI/S IS B\ND TO 
GR[ ) ! APPROA*+ W> AGA9/ ,RUSSIA1 JU/ AS SYMPA?IES = 
0,RUSSIAN0 ,COMMUNI/S ASSUM$ =MS ( BRO!RLY LOVE 9 ! SECOND 
WORLD W> AGA9/ ! ,G]MAN TOTALIT>IANS4 ,AL?\< !RE HAS BE5 A P]IOD ( 
>D5T ,G]MAN NATIONALISM 9 ,RU? ,FIS*]'S POLITICAL LIFE1 H] 
PATRIOTISM MU/ NOT BE TAK5 TOO S]I\SLY4 ,AFT] ALL1 %E *ANG$ RA!R 
QUICKLY FROM ! 0FI<T = SELF-DET]M9ATION0 9 ,AU/RIA TO ! 
0G5U9ELY 9T]NATIONAL0 ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,& )9 ?IS 
P>TY1 9 ,FAY'S WORDS1 0AS A Y\NG WOMAN 9 H] E>LY TW5TIES1 & 
NOT EV5 A ,G]MAN CITIZ510 %E ROSE QUICKLY1 0MU* TO H] [N 
SURPRISE10 TO ! POSITION :I* 5ABLES H] TODAY TO SPEAK ) 
AU?ORITY AB\T COMMUNISM & ,G]MAN ,COMMUNISM 9 P>TICUL>4 

,( C\RSE IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO MAKE ,RU? ,FIS*] RESPONSIBLE = ,PR(ESSOR 
,FAY'S /RANGE & ILL-9=M$ PREFACE2 IT IS %E :O WORKS = ,H>V>D 
& NOT VICE V]SA4 ,IT IS QUITE IRRITAT+1 NEV]!LESS1 TO SEE 
,PR(ESSOR ,FAY BEWAIL ! DISUNITY ( ! ,G]MAN WORK+ CLASS1 :I* SUPPOS$LY 
PREV5T$ ! FULL DEMOCRATIC SUCCESS ( ! ,WEIM> ,REPUBLIC1 AS A 
0TRAGIC MIS=TUNE = ! WORLD40 ,& ?IS BY WAY ( 9TRODUC+ A 
BOOK :I* MAKES IT VIVIDLY CLE> ?AT IT WAS NOT ! DISUNITY 9 ! RANKS ( 
! WORK]S1 BUT ! UNITY BETWE5 ! B\RGEOISIE & ! DEMOCRATIC LABOR 
MOVEM5T1 ?AT H9D]$ ! UNFOLD+ ( A 0REALLY DEMOCRATIC 
REVOLUTION40 ,! SPLIT BETWE5 0SOCIALI/S0 & 
0COMMUNI/S0 9 #aiah DID NOT CAUSE ! COLLAPSE ( ,WEIM>1 BUT WAS 
AN ATTEMPT TO DEVELOP A REVOLUTION>Y =CE 9 ,G]MANY ABLE TO PREV5T A 
CAPITALI/IC RE/ORATION & ! RETURN ( ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM4 

,H[EV]1 :5 ,PR(ESSOR ,FAY SPEAKS ( A 0REALLY DEMOCRATIC 
REVOLUTION0 HE DOES NOT ?9K 9 T]MS ( SOCIALISM4 ,HE M]ELY PREF]S 
,WEIM> TO ! ,?IRD ,REI*1 & EV5 AT ?IS LATE DATE HE HOLDS ON TO ! 
CONV5I5T ILLUSION ?AT A UNIT$ FRONT BETWE5 0SOCIALI/S0 & 
0COMMUNI/S0 W\LD HAVE PREV5T$ ! ,HITL] REGIME4 ,BUT ! ,WEIM> 
,REPUBLIC 5D$ 9TO ! ,?IRD ,REI* BECAUSE !RE HAS BE5 NO SOCIALI/ 
REVOLUTION1 BECAUSE1 TO SPEAK 9 ,FAY'S T]MS1 ! SPLIT 9 ! WORK+ 
CLASS HAD NOT BE5 WIDE 5\<4 ,PR(ESSOR ,FAY SEEMS TO HAVE MISS$ ! :OLE 
PO9T ( ,RU? ,FIS*]'S BOOK1 NAMELY1 ?AT ,/AL9ISM REPRES5TS A K9D ( 
R$ FASCISM4 ,& NOT ONLY S9CE ! CONCLUSION ( ! SECOND WORLD W>1 BUT 
MANY YE>S BE=E ! ,HITL]-,/AL9 PACT4 ,! DIVISION ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T 9 
#aicc REPRES5T$ SOME?+ O!R ?AN ! SPLIT 9 #a#i#a#h4 ,) ,HITL]'S 
RISE TO P[]1 ! CAPITALI/ICALLY M9D$ SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS & 
TRADE UNIONS FAC$ ! ,RUSSIAN TOTALIT>IANS 9 ,G]MAN CLO!S4 ,HITL] C\LD 
DE/ROY ! ,G]MAN LABOR MOVEM5T SO EASILY NOT BECAUSE IT WAS DISUNIT$1 BUT 
BECAUSE IT WAS P>TLY NOT A LABOR MOVEM5T & P>TLY NOT ,G]MAN4 

,:O'S :O ( ,COMMUNISM 

,DISREG>D+ ! PREFACE1 ,RU? ,FIS*]'S FIR/ TWO-HUNDR$ PAGES GIVE 
AN 9T]E/+LY WRITT5 & OBJECTIVE ACC\NT ( ! POLITICAL *ANGES 9 
,G]MANY AFT] ! FIR/ WORLD W>4 ,!Y DEAL ) ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,G]MAN 
LEFT-W+ MOVEM5T DUR+ ! W>1 ) ! ,SP>TAKUSBUND & SIMIL> 
ORGANIZATIONS1 !IR CONSOLIDATION 9TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ! FRICTIONS 
)9 ?IS P>TY1 ITS E>LY USE AS AN 9/RUM5T ( ,RUSSIAN =EIGN POLICY1 
! POSITION & RELATIONS ( ! WORK]S & SOLDI]S C\NCILS TO ! 
E/ABLI%$ POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS & TRADE UNIONS1 ! DEFEAT ( ALL 
REVOLUTION>Y ASPIRATIONS1 & ! RETURN ( ,G]MAN MILIT>ISM4 

,! BULK ( ! BOOK1 H[EV]1 REMA9S 9T]E/+ MA9LY AS AN EXAMPLE ( 
! PR(ESSIONAL REVOLUTIONI/'S VIEW ( HI/ORY4 ,) ,RU? 
,FIS*]'S 5TRANCE 9TO ! POLITICAL PICTURE H] BOOK DESCRIBES1 MU* ( 
! OBJECTIVITY ?AT *>ACT]IZES ! FIR/ P>T ( ! WORK MAKES WAY TO ! 
SUBJECTIVE WRA? ( ! DEFEAT$ POLITICIAN4 ,HI/ORY IS N[ ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY 
SE5 9 ! DI/ORT$ =M ( 9T]-&-9TRA-P>TY /RUGGLES2 ! 
P>TY-FACTION & ! P>TY-LEAD] REPLACE ! TRADITIONAL 0H]O0 
OR 0VILLA90 9 EXPLA9+ HI/ORICAL *ANGE4 ,%E SPEAKS N[ ( 
0! SURE 9/9CT ( ! BORN P[]-POLITICIAN10 :O APPEALS TO 
0! VANITY ( ! UNPROCESS$ RAW MAT]IAL ( SOCIETY10 ?AT IS1 
! WORK]S1 & DEFEATS ?OSE LESS FAVORABLY 5D[$ = ! /RUGGLE = 
P[]4 ,?IS WAY ( WRIT+ HI/ORY REQUIRES A L>GE AM\NT ( 09SIDE 
9=MATION0 & TURNS H] BOOK 9TO A REAL 0,:O'S ,:O ( 
,COMMUNISM0 AS H] PUBLI%] HAPPILY PO9TS \T4 ,?AT MU* ( ?IS 
9=MATION APPE>S 9 FOOTNOTES DOES NOT R$UCE ITS IMPORTANCE4 ,IT IS ?US 
EASILY AVAILABLE TO ?OSE :O LIKE TO MAT* ,/AL9'S FAM\S ,KREML9 FILES 
) SIMIL> BUT DEMOCRATIC (FICE APPLIANCES 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 

0,BETRAYAL0 

,EV5 ! QUALITY ( ! FIR/ P>TS ( ! BOOK IS SOME:AT IMPAIR$ BY AN 
ATTEMPT TO MAKE ! ,/AL9I/ BETRAYAL ( 0,G]MAN0 ,COMMUNISM ! 
MORE ABHORR5T BY GRANT+ TO ! ,G]MAN ,LEFT A L>G] CR$IT ?AN ITS DUE4 
,EV5 IF 9 ! WAKE ( ! FIR/ WORLD W> A M9ORITY ( ! ,G]MAN LABOR 
MOVEM5T W5T F>!R 9 ITS REVOLUTION>Y ASPIRATIONS ?AN O!R M9ORITY 
GR\PS 9 O!R C\NTRIES1 !IR 9ABILITY TO OV]COME !IR SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC 
PA/ TRANSC5D$ !IR SUBJECTIVE READ9ESS TO TAKE ! REVOLUTION S]I\SLY4 
,! LACK ( DEF9ITE IDEAS ( PROC$URE1 ! SUB/ITUTION ( SLOGANS = 
CONCRETE PLANS1 ! 9CAPACITY TO ADJUDGE ! WORLD SITUATION REALI/ICALLY1 
ACC\NT$ = BO? ! DEM& = LEAD]%IP1 & ! 9DECISIV5ESS ( ! 
LEAD]S HEAD+ ! MOVEM5T4 ,ALL ! EF=TS MADE1 ALL ! H]OISM %[N1 ALL 
! SACRIFICES SUFF]$1 AM\NT$ 9 ! 5D TO NO MORE ?AN A FEEBLE GE/URE 
9 ! RI<T DIRECTION1 UNABLE TO AFFECT ! BULK ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 BUSY 
AS IT WAS ) ! RE/ORATION ( ! W>-TORN WORLD BY WAY ( CAPITALI/IC 
RE=MS4 

,RUSSIAN DOM9ATION 

,!RE WAS NOT V]Y MU* TO BE 0BETRAY$40 ,FUR!RMORE1 IF ! 
RADICAL W+ ( ! ,G]MAN LABOR MOVEM5T C\LD BE BR\<T UND] ,RUSSIAN 
DOM9ATION )9 ! SPAN ( A FEW YE>S1 !RE MU/ HAVE BE5 T5D5CIES 
)9 ?IS MOVEM5T ITSELF FAVOR+ BOL%EVIK RULE4 ,9 FACT1 IT WAS AGA9 A 
M9ORITY )9 A M9ORITY :I* S]I\SLY TRI$ TO BREAK ) ! TRADITION ( 
RE=M TO :I* BO? ! SOCIALI/S & ! BOL%EVIKS ADH]$4 ,! DIFF]5CES 
BETWE5 !SE LATT] GR\PS W]E M]ELY ( A TACTICAL NATURE1 OR RA!R RELAT$ 
TO TACTICAL ISSUES AT A P>TICUL> HI/ORICAL MOM5T4 ,ON ! QUE/ION AS TO 
:AT CON/ITUTES SOCIALISM BO? AGRE$ ON ! NATIONALIZATION ( CAPITALI/ 
PROP]TY & ITS ADM9I/RATION BY ! /ATE4 ,ONE P>TY WAS \T TO CAPTURE 
GOV]NM5TAL P[] BY REVOLUTION1 ! O!R BY RE=M4 ,MO/ ( ! ,G]MAN 
,COMMUNI/S ACCEPT$ ! BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP SO READILY BECAUSE IT CORRESPOND$ 
TO !IR [N IDEAS ( REVOLUTION>Y RULE4 

,!RE W]E1 H[EV]1 GR\PS ( COMMUNI/S :O TRI$ TO ACTUALIZE ! 
PROPAG&A SLOGAN 0,ALL ,P[] TO ! ,SOVIETS40 ,!Y ADVOCAT$ 
ACTIONS & PROPOS$ GOALS BEYOND ! UND]/&+ & 9T]E/S ( 
REVOLUTIONI/S \T = GOV]NM5TAL POSITIONS 9 A /ATE-CONTROLL$ SOCIETY4 
,!Y1 TOO1 HAD !IR DAY 9 ! POLITICAL CONVULSIONS BETWE5 #aiah AD #a#i#b#a4 
,AGA9/ !M1 H[EV]1 !RE ALWAYS OP]AT$ AN 9=MAL UNIT$ FRONT ( 
0SOCIALI/S0 & BOL%EVIKS4 ,RUSSIAN 9T]V5TION SET 9 ) 
,L59'S ATTACK UPON ! SO-CALL$ 0ULTRA-LEFT0 9 ,G]MANY4 
,AGA9/ !IR 09FANTILE RADICALISM10 HR URG$ ! RETURN TO 
P>LIAM5T>ISM1 TO TRADE-UNION ACTIVITY1 TO OPPORTUNISM 9 G5]AL4 ,HIS ,G]MAN 
DISCIPLES DID NOT HESITATE TO SPLIT ! Y\NG ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY TO SUIT ! GREAT 
,RUSSIAN LEAD]'S TA/ES & NE$S4 ,AT ?IS TIME ,RU? ,FIS*] WAS NOT YET 
9 LEAD+ POSITION1 BUT SUPPORT$ ,Z9OVIEV & ,RADEK1 ! EXECUTORS ( ! 
,MOSC[ PROGRAM4 

,RUSSIAN DOM9ATION ( ,G]MAN ,COMMUNISM DID NOT HAVE TO AVAIL ( 
,/AL9'S COM+ TO P[]2 IT WAS 9/ITUT$ QUITE E>LY BY ,L59 HIMSELF 
) ! >TIFICIAL CREATION ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! TW5TY-ONE PO9TS 
( ADMISSION SUBORD9AT+ ! 9T]NATIONAL MOVEM5T TO ! DECISIONS ( ! 
,RUSSIAN LEAD]S1 ! SPLITT+ ( ! ORIG9ALLY ANTI-RE=MI/ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 
& ! M]G+ ( ITS ,L59I/ RI<T W+ ) ! RE=MI/ ,9DEP5D5T 
,SOCIALI/S4 ,IF ,RU? ,FIS*] SPEAKS P]SI/5TLY ( H]SELF AS REPRES5T+ A 
0LEFT0 OPPOSITION1 IT MU/ BE PO9T$ \T1 ?AT ?IS LEFT 
FACTIONALISM HAD NO?+ :ATEV] TO DO ) ! ACTUAL ATTEMPTS ( ! ,G]MAN 
RADICALS TO OPPOSE ! TOTALIT>IAN RULE ( BOL%EVISM4 ,H] WORK W5T ON )9 
! BOL%EVIK P>TY & RELATES M]ELY TO ! MANIPULATORY NE$S ( ! ,RUSSIAN 
OV]SE]S 9 ! E>LY /AGES ( !IR DEVELOP+ TOTALIT>IANISM4 ,) A 
0LEFT0 & A 0RI<T0 FACTION1 MANEUV]+ WAS MADE 
EASY4 ,N[ !Y C\LD BL[ HOT & COLD1 MOVE 9 ONE DIRECTION OR ANO!R1 OR 
NOT MOVE AT ALL4 ,!Y C\LD ADVANCE & RETREAT1 TAKE 9 RE=MISM OR 
REVOLUTION1 BE NATIONAL OR 9T]NATIONAL1 JU/ AS ! %IFT+ NE$S ( ! 
,RUSSIAN /ATE REQUIR$4 ,NEI!R ! 0LEFT0 NOR ! 
0RI<T0 HAD AN 9DEP5D5T POLICY1 BUT REPRES5T$ DIFF]5T SETS 
( POLITICIANS1 EMPHASIZ+ ONE OR ANO!R ASPECT ( BOL%EVISM1 9 ORD] TO 
MAKE SECURE AT ALL TIMES ! CONTROL ( ! ,RUSSIAN MANIPULATORS4 

,PURGES 

,! NE$ = ?IS L>GELY 9DIRECT =M ( CONTROL CEAS$ TO EXI/ ) ! 
/ABILIZATION ( WORLD CAPITALISM & ! COMPLETION ( ! AU?ORIT>IAN RULE 
9 ,RUSSIA4 ,FACTIONALISM BECAME FIR/ AN UNNECESS>Y LUXURY & SOON AN 
ANNOYANCE1 AS IT SL[$ D[N ! EXECUTION ( ORD]S FROM ABOVE4 ,:5 IT BECAME 
CLE> ?AT NEI!R ! MOOD ( ! MASSES1 NOR ! OP9IONS ( ! 
P>TY-MEMB]S C>RI$ WEI<T ANY LONG]1 IMMOBILIZ$ AS !Y W]E BY ! 
RELATIVELY SETTL$ WORLD CONDITIONS1 MORE DIRECT ME?ODS ( CONTROL W]E 
9TRODUC$4 ,! 0PURGE0 DISPLAC$ ! EMPTY *ATT] AB\T 
0RI<T0 & 0LEFT0 TURNS1 & ALL DECISIONS MADE BY ! 
,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE REPRES5T$ AS UNQUE/IONABLE ! 0CORRECT L9E40 
,?OSE :O DID NOT GRASP ! *ANGE ( SITUATION FELL QUICKLY BY ! 
WAYSIDE4 

,NOT ANTI-TOTALIT>IAN 

,RU? ,FIS*]'S RISE & FALL1 TOO1 IS NOT EXPLA9$ BY ANY K9D ( 
ANTI-TOTALIT>IANISM ON H] P>T1 BUT BY SOME TACTICAL *ANGES =C$ UPON ! 
,RUSSIAN LEAD]%IP & BY A /RUGGLE = CONTROL RAG+ )9 ! ,RUSSIAN 
P>TY4 ,COM9T]N POLICY1 %IFT+ BACK & =? FROM RE=MISM TO PUTS*ISM1 
9 A /EADY SE>* = A GREAT] SUPPORT ( ,RUSSIAN /ATE POLICIES1 L$ TO ! 
DEFEAT ( ! ABORTIVE ,OCTOB] UPRIS+ 9 #a#i#b#c4 ,9 AN ATTEMPT TO %IFT 
RESPONSIBILITY FROM ! HI<] TO ! L[] LEVELS ( ! ,COM9T]N HI]>*Y1 
! ,RUSSIAN-SPONSOR$ LEAD]%IP ( ! ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY WAS =C$ TO 
MAKE ROOM = !IR UNTRI$ 0LEFT0 COMPETITORS1 ,MASL[ & ,FIS*]4 
,)9 ! ,RUSSIAN P>TY ! FI<T = ,L59'S PLACE WAS ALREADY 9 FULL 
SW+4 ,TROTSKY1 TOO1 PLAY$ A 0LEFT0 TUNE4 ,H[EV]1 ,MASL[ & 
,FIS*] ?\<T ( A DIFF]5T MELODY1 & BY SUPPORT+ ,/AL9 & ,Z9OVIEV 9 
,RUSSIA1 SECUR$ TO !MSELVES ! ,G]MAN LEAD]%IP4 ,ONCE 9 P[]1 ! 
0LEFT0 ORI5TATION PROV$ TO MEAN A FUR!R DECL9E 9 
P>TY-DEMOCRACY1 MORE DISCIPL9E1 MORE AU?ORIT>IANISM4 ,BUT IF ! SUPPORT ( 
,/AL9 & ,Z9OVIEV GA9$ ,MASL[ & ,FIS*] ! ,G]MAN LEAD]%IP1 IT WAS 
SOON LO/ AGA9 ON ACC\NT ( ,/AL9'S FI<T AGA9/ ,Z9OVIEV = ! 
CONTROL ( ! ,RUSSIAN P>TY4 ,A G5]AL TURN TO ! 0RI<T0 
DISCR$IT$ ,Z9OVIEV & SUPPORT$ ,/AL94 ,IT =C$ ! =M] TO D5\NCE & 
DE/ROY HIS [N 0LEFT0 FOLL[+ TO /R5G!N HIS POSITION 
VIS-A-VIS ! ,/AL9 CLIQUE4 ,BUT ,/AL9 WON ! FI<T & ) 
! QUE/ION ( LEAD]%IP ?US DEF9ITELY SETTL$1 ALL ANTI-,/AL9I/S1 ,MASL[ 
& ,FIS*] 9CLUD$1 W]E ?R[N \T ( ! P>TY4 

,IF ! 9TRA-P>TY /RUGGLES =C$ ,RU? ,FIS*] 9TO AN ACTUAL OPPOSITIONAL 
POSITION1 H] 0LEFTI/0 ORI5TATION BECAME N[ M]ELY AN 
ANTI-,/AL9I/ PO9T ( VIEW4 ,LIKE ALL ! O!R EXPELL$ OPPOSITION GR\PS1 
H] [N P]SI/$ 9 REG>D+ ITSELF AS ! ONLY 0TRUE0 BOL%EVI/ 
MOVEM5T AS AGA9/ ! ,/AL9I/ 0C\NT]-REVOLUTION40 ,!Y SET UP 
NEW ORGANIZATIONS ?AT DID NOT DIFF] 9 =M OR SPIRIT FROM ?OSE ( ! 
,/AL9I/S1 & SP5T ! RE/ ( !IR PSEUDO-POLITICAL EXI/5CE 9 ! 
ILLUSORY HOPE ( REGA9+ !IR 0RI<TFUL0 PLACE 9 ! 
9T]NATIONAL BOL%EVIK MOVEM5T4 

,H[EV]1 !IR LIPS W]E NO LONG] SEAL$ AS F> AS ,/AL9 WAS CONC]N$4 
,!Y C\LD N[ CRITICIZE1 DEFAME1 & RIDICULE TO !IR HE>T'S CONT5T4 
,RU? ,FIS*] HOLDS NO?+ BACK1 NOT EV5 H] [N WEIRD IMAG9ATION1 TO PROVE 
! UTT] DEBASEM5T ( H] POLITICAL 5EMIES & FRI5DS ( YE/]DAY4 ,EV5 
! FAIL+S1 MI/AKES1 & %ADY DEALS ( PRE-,/AL9 BOL%EVISM >E N[ 
EXPOS$1 ?\< P>TLY EXCUS$4 ,!Y W]E ( C\RSE KN[N TO H] :ILE /ILL 9 
P[]1 BUT AS LONG AS SIL5CE WAS GOLD51 %E KEPT SIL5T1 AS BECOMES A GOOD 
BOL%EVIK4 

,TO SPEAK ( A ,/AL9I/ C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 ,RU? ,FIS*] MU/ DEF5D 
,L59'S POLICIES1 !REBY SIMULTANE\SLY JU/IFY+ H] [N POLITICAL 
PA/4 ,ALMO/ MASO*I/ICALLY %E TRIES TO EXON]ATE ,L59 ( HIS [N 
9T]V5TIONS 9 ,G]MAN POLITICS4 ,IT WAS NOT REALLY ,L591 %E SAYS1 BUT 
O!RS1 :O 0GOT ,L59 TO RECOMM5D ,MASL['S ELIM9ATION FROM ! 
,G]MAN ,P>TY40 ,?IS IS1 NO D\BT1 ! EXTREME 9 SELF-D5IAL1 AS ,MASL[ 
IS ! REAL H]O ( H] BOOK2 AN ALL-R\ND G5IUS1 AS IF SPRUNG FROM ! COV] 
( ,TIME MAGAZ9E4 ,AT ALL CRUCIAL PO9TS1 %E WRITES1 
0,L59'S 9T]V5TION 9 ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/ AFFAIRS1 PRES5TS AN 
ATTITUDE DIRECTLY OPPOS$ TO ?AT ( ,/AL940 ,& ?IS BECAUSE ( 
0A CONTRA/ 9 *>ACT]0 & A 0DIFF]5T POLITICAL 
CLIMATE40 ,AL?\< 0,L59 F\<T = ! C5TRALIZ$ P[] ( ! 
P>TY10 %E SAYS1 IT WAS 0ALWAYS ) A FULL CONSCI\SNESS ( ! 
DANG]S TO ! ORIG9AL CONCEPT ( SOVIET DEMOCRACY 9 ! USE ( COMPULSORY 
MEASURES06 

,?\< CONSCI\S ( ! DANG]S 9VOLV$1 ,L59 DECID$ NEV]!LESS TO LIVE 
DANG]\SLY4 ,IT MU/ BE A GREAT COM=T TO ! MASSACR$ ,KROND/ADT 
REVOLUTIONI/S TO KN[1 IF !Y C\LD1 ?AT ,L59 WORRI$ AB\T DEMOCRACY :ILE 
APPLY+ M>TIAL LAW4 ,& ALSO = ! DEAD HO/AGES1 DEMOCRATICALLY BUT*]$ 
AT ! RATIO ( TWO-HUNDR$ TO ONE4 ,:O KN[S1 ! RATIO MI<T HAVE BE5 LESS 
FAVORABLE TO ! VICTIMS HAD IT NOT BE5 = ,L59'S ORIG9AL CONCEPT ( 
SOVIET-DEMOCRACY8 ,H[EV]1 ! ,DZ]ZH9SKY-PATT]N WAS EVOLV$ NOT ONLY AS A 
WEAPON AGA9/ ! :ITE-GU>DI/S1 BUT ALSO = ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ SOVIET 
DEMOCRACY4 ,! LATT] WAS ! REVOLUTION ITSELF1 NOT YET BR\<T UND] P>TY 
CONTROL4 ,IT WAS ! 5EMY1 :I* ,L59 F\<T1 & OV] :I* ,/AL9 F9ALLY 
TRIUMPH$4 

,! :OLE ( ,L59'S !ORY & PRACTICE SPEAKS AGA9/ ,RU? 
,FIS*]'S 9T]PRETATION4 ,ALL %E HAS TO (F] 9 SUPPORT ( H] !SIS 
IS ! PROMISE BEH9D ! P[]4 ,( C\RSE1 ALL RUL]S & RUL+ GR\PS1 
DECL>E !IR DICTATOR%IP A NECESS>Y1 IF UNPLEASANT M$IUM TO A BETT] LIFE 
= ALL4 ,IF !Y >E /ILL /RUGGL+ = P[]1 !IR PROMISES >E QUITE 
SPECIFIC2 AS SOON AS !Y >E 9 P[]1 ! PROMISES BECOME RA!R VAGUE & 
!IR FULFILLM5T IS RELEGAT$ 9TO ! DI/ANT FUTURE4 ,L59'S PROMISES 
>E /ILL ON ,/AL9'S LIPS4 ,& :AT ,L59 9T5D$ TO DO 9 ,RUSSIA HAS 
BE5 FULFILL$ 9 H] /ATE-ECONOMY4 ,! ,RUSSIAN /ATE DOES NOT DIFF] FROM 
,L59'S P>TY CONCEPT1 DEVELOP$ LONG BE=E ! REVOLUTION4 ,IF HIS 
PR9CIPLES ( ORGANIZATION & CONTROL APPE> TO DIFF] FROM ! ,RUSSIAN 
REALITY1 IT IS BECAUSE IT 9VOLVES NO LONG] A FEW ?\S& PEOPLE1 BUT MORE 
?AN #af MILLIONS1 NO LONG] A SELECT$ GR\P ( REVOLUTIONI/S1 BUT ALL ! 
SOCIAL LAY]S ( ,RUSSIA & BEYOND4 

,:AT1 9 ANY CASE1 IS ALL ?IS TALK AB\T ! LEAD]'S *>ACT] 
/RUCTURE ANYWAY8 ,:AT SORT ( 0SOCIAL0 MOVEM5T IS REPRES5T$ BY 
ORGANIZATIONS DEP5D+ 9 !IR DE/9ATION ON ! *>ACT] ( ! LEAD]8 
,C]TA9LY NOT A COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T TRY+ TO BREAK ! MONOPOLIZATION ( P[] 
& TO 5D ! SOCIAL CLASS /RUCTURE4 ,9 ,RU? ,FIS*]'S /ORY ! :OLE 
( ,/AL9ISM & MOD]N ,RUSSIAN IMP]IALISM SEEMS TO RESULT FROM ,L59'S 
UNTIMELY DEA?4 0,AFT] ,L59'S SECOND /ROKE10 %E WRITES1 
0,/AL9 TI<T5$ ! SCREWS40 ,& AS 0,L59 BECAME WEAK]1 
,/AL9 BECAME BOLD]40 ,Z9OVIEV'S POSITION 0BECAME MORE & 
MORE DIFFICULT BETWE5 ,L59'S SECOND & ?IRD /ROKE10 & SO 
=?1 UNTIL ALL IS LO/ ) ,L59'S LA/ BREA?4 

,/ATE ,P>TY -- ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM 

,RU? ,FIS*]'S ATTEMPT TO REVEAL ! 0ORIG9S ( ! ,/ATE 
P>TY10 SUCCE$S ONLY ,9 %[+ SOME ( ITS MANIFE/ATIONS1 AS %E IS 
UNABLE TO ESCAPE H] [N BOL%EVIK IDEOLOGY4 ,%E WRITES AB\T ! REVOLUTION>Y 
MOVEM5T AS ,EIS5H[] WRITES AB\T ! W>4 ,IT IS ALL A QUE/ION ( LEAD]%IP 
& /RATEGY1 & ! RE/ IS JU/ LOGI/ICS4 ,APP>5TLY1 ! 
0ORIG90 ( ! ,/ATE ,P>TY CO9CIDES ) ,/AL9'S BECOM+ 
,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y 9 #a#i#b#a1 =1 FROM PAGE #bcb ( H] BOOK ONW>D1 %E DECIDES 
0TO CAPITALIZE ! WORD ,P>TY :5 REF]R+ TO ! ,RUSSIAN 
9/ITUTION1 9 ORD] TO 9DICATE ?AT IT HAS BECOME ! SOLE 9/RUM5T ( 
P[] 9 ! /ATE40 ,AS ! CAPITALIZ+ ( A WORD CANNOT S]VE AS 
EXPLANATION1 ! :OLE ( H] BOOK MU/ S]VE TO EXPLA9 ! CAPITALIZ+4 ,9 
?AT CASE1 ! HI/ORY ( BOL%EVISM IS ! /ORY ( ! COM+ ( ! ,/ATE 
,P>TY1 & AGA9/ ?IS !RE /OOD NO?+ BUT ,L59'S *>ACT] 
QUALITIES &1 ( C\RSE1 ! REVOLUTION>Y S9C]ITY ( ,MASL[1 ,FIS*]1 & 
!IR UNNAM$ FOLL[+4 ,H[ IT IS POSSIBLE1 H[EV]1 TO FI<T = ABSOLUTE 
/ATE P[] & YET NOT BECOME ! ,/ATE ,P>TY1 REMA9S UNEXPLA9$4 

,! ORIG9S ( ! ,/ATE ,P>TY1 ,RUSSIAN OR O!RWISE1 >E NOT SECRET2 !Y 
>E ID5TICAL ) ?OSE ?AT GAVE IMPETUS TO ! ACCUMULATION & EXPANSION ( 
WORLD CAPITALISM4 ,RUSSIAN /ATE-CAPITALISM1 LIKE ,G]MAN FASCISM1 IS A NATIONAL 
REACTION TO ! %IFTS 9 9T]NATIONAL P[] CON/ELLATIONS BR\<T ON BY 
L>GE-SCALE COMPETITION4 ,!RE IS NO?+ SPECIFICALLY ,RUSSIAN1 ,BOL%EVI/IC OR 
,/AL9I/IC 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( /ATE-CAPITALISM1 :I* IMPLIES ! ,/ATE 
,P>TY4 ,TO S+LE \T ! ,/AL9I/ ,P>TY AS ORIG9ATOR & C>RI] ( 
TOTALIT>IANISM IS TO OBSCURE ! NATURE ( PRES5T-DAY CAPITALISM1 :OSE 
G5]AL TR5D IS T[>DS TOTALIT>IAN RULE4 ,AN ANTI-TOTALIT>IANISM ?AT IS 
M]ELY ANTI-,/AL9ISM CAN LEAD TO NO O!R 5D ?AN DID ! ANTI-TOTALIT>IAN 
0CRUSADE0 AGA9/ ,HITL]4 

,TO BE SURE1 ! REFUSAL TO SEE 9 ,RUSSIAN TOTALIT>IANISM ! ONLY -- 
! PRES5T1 -- OR ! MA9 5EMY1 IS NOT TO EXCUSE ANY ( ! BOL%EVIK 
ACTIONS1 NOR ANY ( !IR LEAD]S4 ,! EVIL MA*9ATIONS ( ,/AL9 & ! 
,/AL9I/S 9 ,RUSSIA1 ,G]MANY1 & ELSE:]E1 AS RELAT$ BY ,RU? ,FIS*] & BY 
A GR[+ HO/ ( DISPLAC$ ,COMMUNI/S1 >E JU/ AS MU* A REQUIREM5T = 
UND]/&+ POLITICAL TR5DS AS LIT]ATURE DEVOT$ TO 0SOCIALI/ 
RECON/RUCTION0 9 ,5GL&1 OR TO ! P[] & CAPITAL CONC5TRATION 9 
! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT1 H[EV]1 ,RU? ,FIS*] RELATES ONLY 9 
GREAT] DETAIL :AT HAS BE5 SAID BE=E BY O!R CONFESSORS1 MORE OR LESS 
AFFLICT$ BY AMNESIA AS REG>DS !IR [N PA/4 ,IT IS NO MORE ?AN ! /RUGGLE 
= P[] )9 ! BOL%EVIK REGIME & ITS REP]CUSSIONS )9 ! ,G]MAN 
BRAN*1 BO? 9T]WOV5 ) ! PA/ & CURR5T IMP]IALI/IC P[] GAMES4 
,! /ORY 5DS ) ,RU? ,FIS*]'S DECL>ATION ?AT 0%E IS NO 
LONG] ABLE TO ID5TIFY H]SELF ) ANY ( ! GR\PS0 ONCE 9VOLV$ 9 
! FI<TS H] BOOK RELATES4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #b1 #bba 3 ,/AL9 & ,G]MAN ,COMMUNISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,/AL9 & ,G]MAN ,COMMUNISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/