,SPONTANEITY & ,ORGANISATION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 ,KURASJE ,C\NCIL ,COMMUNISM ,SITE2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,&Y ,BLUND54 

,! QUE/ION ( ORGANIZATION & SPONTANEITY WAS APPROA*$ 
9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T AS A PROBLEM ( CLASS CONSCI\SNESS1 9VOLV+ ! RELATIONS ( ! 
REVOLUTION>Y M9ORITY TO ! MASS ( ! CAPITALI/ICALLY-9DOCTR9AT$ PROLET>IAT4 ,IT 
WAS CONSID]$ UNLIKELY ?AT MORE ?AN A M9ORITY W\LD ACCEPT1 &1 BY ORGANIZ+ ITSELF1 
MA9TA9 & APPLY A REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS4 ,! MASS ( ! WORK]S W\LD ACT AS 
REVOLUTION>IES ONLY BY =CE ( CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,L59 ACCEPT$ ?IS SITUATION 
OPTIMI/ICALLY4 ,O!RS1 LIKE ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG1 ?\<T DIFF]5TLY AB\T IT4 ,9 ORD] TO 
REALIZE A P>TY DICTATOR%IP1 ,L59 CONC]N$ HIMSELF FIR/ ( ALL ) QUE/IONS ( 
ORGANIZATION4 ,9 ORD] TO ESCAPE ! DANG] ( A NEW DICTATOR%IP OV] ! WORK]S1 ,ROSA 
,LUXEMBURG /RESS$ SPONTANEITY4 ,BO?1 H[EV]1 HELD ?AT JU/ AS UND] C]TA9 CONDITIONS 
! B\RGEOISIE DET]M9$ ! IDEAS & ACTIVITIES ( ! LABOR+ MASSES1 SO UND] 
DIFF]5T CONDITIONS A REVOLUTION>Y M9ORITY C\LD DO LIKEWISE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ?AT 
,L59 SAW ?IS AS A *ANCE TO U%] 9 ! SOCIALI/ SOCIETY1 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG FE>$ ?AT 
ANY M9ORITY1 PLAC$ 9 ! POSITION ( A RUL+ CLASS1 MI<T SOON ?9K & ACT JU/ LIKE 
! B\RGEOISIE ( OLD4 

,BEH9D !SE ATTITUDES !RE WAS ! CONVICTION ?AT ! 
ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM W\LD =CE ITS PROLET>IAN MASSES 9TO ANTI- 
CAPITALI/IC ACTIVITIES4 ,AL?\< ,L59 C\NT$ ON1 HE SIMULTANE\SLY FE>$1 SPONTANE\S 
MOVEM5TS4 ,HE JU/IFI$ ! NE$ = CONSCI\S 9T]F]5CES 9 SPONTANE\SLY->IS+ 
REVOLUTIONS BY CIT+ ! BACKW>DNESS ( ! MASSES & SAW 9 SPONTANEITY AN IMPORTANT 
DE/RUCTIVE BUT NOT CON/RUCTIVE ELEM5T4 ,9 ,L59'S VIEW1 ! MORE =CEFUL ! 
SPONTANE\S MOVEM5T1 ! GREAT] W\LD BE ! NE$ TO SUPPLEM5T & DIRECT IT ) 
ORGANIZ$1 PLANN$ P>TY-ACTIVITY4 ,! WORK]S HAD TO BE GU>D$ AGA9/ !MSELVES1 SO TO 
SPEAK1 OR !Y MI<T DEFEAT !IR [N CAUSE ?R\< IGNORANCE1 &1 BY DISSIPAT+ !IR 
P[]S1 OP5 ! WAY = C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 

,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG ?\<T DIFF]5TLY BECAUSE %E SAW ! 
C\NT]-REVOLUTION NOT ONLY LURK+ 9 ! TRADITIONAL P[]S & ORGANIZATIONS BUT 
CAPABLE ( DEVELOP+ )9 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ITSELF4 ,%E HOP$ ?AT SPONTANE\S 
MOVEM5TS W\LD DELIMIT ! 9FLU5CE ( ?OSE ORGANIZATIONS ?AT ASPIR$ TO C5TRALIZE 
P[] 9 !IR [N H&S4 ,AL?\< BO? ,LUXEMBURG & ,L59 SAW ! ACCUMULATION ( 
CAPITAL AS A PROCESS ?AT SPAWN$ CRISES1 ,LUXEMBURG CONCEIV$ ! CRISIS AS MORE 
CATA/ROPHIC ?AN DID ,L594 ,! MORE DEVA/AT+ A CRISIS1 ! MORE EMBRAC+ W\LD BE 
! EXPECT$ SPONTANE\S ACTIONS1 ! LESS ! NE$ = CONSCI\S DIRECTION & 
C5TRALI/IC CONTROL1 & ! GREAT] ! *ANCE = ! PROLET>IAT TO LE>N TO ?9K & 
ACT 9 WAYS APPROPRIATE TO ITS [N NE$S4 ,ORGANIZATIONS1 9 ,LUXEMBURG'S VIEW1 %\LD 
M]ELY HELP RELEASE ! CREATIVE =CES 9H]5T 9 MASS ACTIONS & %\LD 9TEGRATE 
!MSELVES 9 ! 9DEP5D5T PROLET>IAN ATTEMPTS TO ORGANIZE A NEW SOCIETY4 ,?IS 
APPROA* PRESUPPOS$ NOT A CLE>1 COMPREH5D+ REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS BUT A HI<LY- 
DEVELOP$ WORK+ CLASS1 CAPABLE ( DISCOV]+ BY ITS [N EF=TS WAYS & MEANS ( 
UTILIZ+ ! PRODUCTIVE APP>ATUS & ITS [N CAPACITIES = A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY4 

,!RE WAS /ILL ANO!R APPROA* TO ! QUE/ION ( 
ORGANIZATION & SPONTANEITY4 ,GEORGES ,SOREL & ! SYNDICALI/S W]E NOT ONLY CONV9C$ 
?AT ! PROLET>IAT C\LD EMANCIPATE ITSELF )\T ! GUIDANCE ( ! 9TELLIG5TSIA1 
BUT ?AT IT HAS TO EMANCIPATE ITSELF FROM ! MIDDLE-CLASS ELEM5TS ?AT CONTROL POLITICAL 
ORGANIZATIONS4 ,9 ,SOREL'S VIEW1 A GOV]NM5T ( SOCIALI/S W\LD 9 NO S5SE ALT] ! 
SOCIAL POSITION ( ! WORK]S4 ,9 ORD] TO BE FREE1 ! WORK]S !MSELVES W\LD HAVE TO 
RESORT TO ACTIONS & WEAPONS EXCLUSIVELY !IR [N4 ,CAPITALISM1 HE ?\<T1 HAD ALREADY 
ORGANIZ$ ! :OLE PROLET>IAT 9 ITS 9DU/RIES4 ,ALL ?AT WAS LEFT TO DO WAS TO SUPPRESS 
! /ATE & PROP]TY4 ,TO ACCOMPLI% ?IS1 ! PROLET>IAT WAS NOT SO MU* 9 NE$ ( A 
SO-CALL$ SCI5TIFIC 9SI<T 9TO NECESS>Y SOCIAL TR5DS AS ( A K9D ( 9TUITIVE 
CONVICTION ?AT REVOLUTION & SOCIALISM W]E ! 9EVITABLE \TCOME ( !IR [N 
CONT9U\S /RUGGLES4 ,! /RIKE WAS SE5 AS ! WORK]S' REVOLUTION>Y APPR5TICE%IP4 
,! GR[+ NUMB] ( /RIKES1 ! EXT5SION ( /RIKES1 & !IR 9CREAS+ DURATION 
PO9T$ T[>DS A POSSIBLE G5]AL /RIKE1 ?AT IS1 TO ! IMP5D+ SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 
,EA* P>TICUL> /RIKE WAS A R$UC$ FACSIMILE ( ! G5]AL /RIKE & A PREP>ATION = 
?IS F9AL UPHEAVAL4 ,! GR[+ REVOLUTION>Y WILL C\LD NOT BE GAUG$ BY ! SUCCESSES 
( POLITICAL P>TIES1 BUT BY ! FREQU5CY ( /RIKES & ! ELAN !RE9 DISPLAY$4 
,ORGANIZATION WAS PREP>ATION = DIRECT ACTION & ! LATT]1 9 TURN1 =M$ ! 
*>ACT] ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,! SPONTANE\SLY-OCCURR+ /RIKES W]E ! ORGANIZATIONAL 
=MS ( REVOLT & W]E ALSO P>T ( ! SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ( ! FUTURE 9 :I* ! 
PRODUC]S !MSELVES CONTROL !IR PRODUCTION4 ,! REVOLUTION PROCE$$ FROM ACTION TO 
ACTION 9 A CONT9U\S M]G+ ( SPONTANE\S & ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS ( ! 
PROLET>IAN FI<T = EMANCIPATION4 

,BY /RESS+ SPONTANEITY1 LABOR ORGANIZATIONS ADMITT$ !IR 
[N WEAKNESS4 ,S9CE !Y DID NOT KN[ H[ TO *ANGE SOCIETY1 !Y 9DULG$ 9 ! HOPE 
?AT ! FUTURE W\LD SOLVE ! PROBLEM4 ,?IS HOPE1 TO BE SURE1 WAS BAS$ ON ! 
RECOGNITION ( SOME ACTUAL TR5DS SU* AS ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( TE*NOLOGY1 ! 
CONT9UATION ( ! CONC5TRATION & C5TRALIZATION PROCESSES ACCOMPANY+ CAPITALI/IC 
DEVELOPM5T1 ! 9CREASE ( SOCIAL FRICTIONS1 ETC4 ,IT WAS NEV]!LESS A M]E HOPE :I* 
COMP5SAT$ = ! LACK ( ORGANIZATIONAL P[] & ! 9ABILITY TO ACT EFFECTIVELY4 
,SPONTANEITY HAD TO L5D 'REALITY' TO !IR APP>5TLY HOPELESS TASKS1 TO EXCUSE AN 
5=C$ 9ACTIVITY & JU/IFY CONSI/5CY4 

,/RONG ORGANIZATIONS1 ON ! O!R H&1 W]E 9CL9$ TO 
DISREG>D SPONTANEITY4 ,!IR OPTIMISM WAS BAS$ ON !IR [N SUCCESSES NOT ON ! 
PROBABILITY ( SPONTANE\S MOVEM5TS COM+ TO !IR AID AT SOME LAT] DATE4 ,!Y 
ADVOCAT$ EI!R ?AT ORGANIZ$ =CE MU/ BE DEFEAT$ BY ORGANIZ$ =CE1 OR HELD TO ! 
VIEW ?AT ! S*OOL ( PRACTICAL EV]YDAY ACTIVITY AS C>RI$ ON BY P>TY & TRADE 
UNION W\LD LEAD MORE & MORE WORK]S TO RECOGNIZE ! 9ESCAPABLE NECESSITY ( *ANG+ 
EXI/+ SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,9 ! /EADY GR[? ( !IR [N ORGANIZATIONS1 !Y SAW ! 
DEVELOPM5T ( PROLET>IAN CLASS CONSCI\SNESS & AT TIMES !Y DREAM$ ?AT !SE 
ORGANIZATIONS W\LD COMPRISE ! :OLE ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,ALL ORGANIZATIONS1 H[EV]1 FIT 9TO ! G5]AL SOCIAL 
/RUCTURE4 ,!Y HAVE NO ABSOLUTE '9DEP5D5CE'2 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R ALL >E DET]M9$ 
BY SOCIETY & HELP DET]M9E SOCIETY 9 TURN4 ,NONE ( ! ORGANIZATIONS 9 CAPITALISM CAN 
CONSI/5TLY BE ANTI-CAPITALI/IC4 ',CONSI/5CY' REF]S M]ELY TO A LIMIT$ IDEOLOGICAL 
ACTIVITY & IS ! PRIVILEGE ( SECTS & 9DIVIDUALS4 ,TO ATTA9 SOCIAL IMPORTANCE1 
ORGANIZATIONS MU/ BE OPPORTUNI/IC 9 ORD] TO AFFECT ! SOCIAL PROCESSES & TO S]VE 
!IR [N 5DS SIMULTANE\SLY4 

,APP>5TLY OPPORTUNISM & 'REALISM' >E ! SAME ?+4 ,! 
=M] CANNOT BE DEFEAT$ BY A RADICAL IDEOLOGY :I* OPPOSES ! :OLE ( ! EXI/+ 
SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO SL[LY ASSEMBLE REVOLUTION>Y =CES 9TO P[]FUL 
ORGANIZATIONS READY TO ACT AT FAVORABLE MOM5TS4 ,ALL ATTEMPTS 9 ?IS RESPECT HAVE 
FAIL$4 ,ONLY ?OSE ORGANIZATIONS ?AT DID NOT DI/URB ! PREVAIL+ BASIC SOCIAL 
RELATION%IPS GREW TO ANY IMPORTANCE4 ,IF !Y />T$ \T ) A REVOLUTION>Y IDEOLOGY1 
!IR GR[? IMPLI$ A SUBSEQU5T DISCREPANCY BETWE5 !IR IDEOLOGY & !IR FUNCTIONS4 
,OPPOS$ TO CAPITALISM1 BUT ALSO ORGANIZ$ )9 IT1 !Y' C\LD NOT HELP SUPPORT+ !IR 
OPPON5TS4 ,?OSE ORGANIZATIONS NOT DE/ROY$ BY COMPETITIVE ADV]S>IES F9ALLY SUCCUMB$ 
TO ! =CES ( CAPITALISM BY VIRTUE ( !IR [N SUCCESSFUL ACTIVITY4 

,9 ! MATT] ( ORGANIZATION ?IS1 !N IS ! DILEMMA ( 
! RADICAL3 9 ORD] TO DO SOME?+ ( SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE1 ACTIONS MU/ BE ORGANIZ$4 
,ORGANIZ$ ACTIONS1 H[EV]1 TURN 9TO CAPITALI/IC *ANNELS4 ,IT SEEMS ?AT 9 ORD] TO DO 
SOME?+ N[1 ONE CAN DO ONLY ! WRONG ?+ & 9 ORD] TO AVOID FALSE /EPS1 ONE 
%\LD UND]TAKE NONE AT ALL4 ,! POLITICAL M9D ( ! RADICAL IS DE/9$ TO BE 
MIS]ABLE2 IT IS AW>E ( ITS UTOPIANISM & IT EXP]I5CES NO?+ BUT FAILURES4 ,9 M]E 
SELF-DEF5SE1 ! RADICAL /RESSES SPONTANEITY ALWAYS1 UNLESS HE IS A MY/IC1 ) ! 
SECRETLY-HELD ?\<T ?AT HE IS TALK+ NONS5SE4 ,BUT HIS P]SI/5CE SEEMS TO PROVE ?AT 
HE NEV] CEASES TO SEE SOME S5SE 9 ! NONS5SE4 

,TAK+ REFUGE 9 ! IDEA ( SPONTANEITY IS 9DICATIVE ( AN 
ACTUAL OR IMAG9$ 9ABILITY TO =M EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONS & A REFUSAL TO FI<T 
EXI/+ ORGANIZATIONS 9 A 'REALI/IC' MANN]4 ,= TO FI<T !M SUCCESSFULLY W\LD 
NECESSITATE ! =MATION ( C\NT]-ORGANIZATIONS1 :I*1 BY !MSELVES1 W\LD DEFEAT 
! REASON = !IR EXI/5CE4 ',SPONTANEITY' IS ?US A NEGATIVE APPROA* TO ! PROBLEM 
( SOCIAL *ANGE & ONLY 9 A PURELY IDEOLOGICAL S5SE MAY IT ALSO BE CONSID]$ POSITIVE 
AS IT 9VOLVES A M5TAL DIVORCE FROM ?OSE ACTIVITIES ?AT FAVOR ! PREVAIL+ SOCIETY4 
,IT %>P5S CRITICAL FACULTY & LEADS TO DISASSOCIATION FROM FUTILE ACTIVITIES & 
HOPELESS ORGANIZATIONS4 ,IT LOOKS = 9DICATIONS ( SOCIAL DIS9TEGRATION & = ! 
LIMITATIONS ( CLASS CONTROL4 ,IT RESULTS 9 A %>P] DI/9CTION BETWE5 APPE>ANCE & 
REALITY & IS1 9 BRIEF1 ! TRADE M>K ( A REVOLUTION>Y ATTITUDE4 ,S9CE IT IS CLE> 
?AT SOME SOCIAL =CES1 RELATIONS & ORGANIZATIONS T5D TO DISAPPE> & O!RS T5D TO 
TAKE HOLD1 ?OSE 9T]E/$ 9 ! FUTURE1 9 ! NEW =CES 9 ! MAK+1 WILL EMPHASIZE 
SPONTANEITY2 ?OSE MORE 9TIMATELY CONNECT$ ) ! OLD ONES WILL /RESS ! NE$ = 
ORGANIZATION4 

,EV5 A SUP]FICIAL /UDY ( ORGANIZ$ ACTIVITY REVEALS ?AT 
ALL IMPORTANT ORGANIZATIONS1 NO MATT] :AT !IR IDEOLOGY1 SUPPORT ! /ATUS QUO1 OR1 AT 
BE/1 FO/] A LIMIT$ DEVELOPM5T )9 ! G5]AL CONDITIONS *>ACT]I/IC ( A 
P>TICUL> SOCIETY 9 A P>TICUL> HI/ORICAL P]IOD4 ,! T]M /ATUS QUO IS HELPFUL 9 
CL>IFY+ ! CONCEPT ( RE/ )9 ! CONCEPT ( *ANGE4 ,IT MU/ BE REG>D$ AS IS ANY 
!ORY OR PRACTICAL TOOL1 & IT HAS ITS USES QUITE AP>T FROM ALL ITS PHILOSOPHICAL 
IMPLICATIONS4 ,IT IS CLE>1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT PRE-CAPITALI/IC CONDITIONS1 H[EV] 
TRANS=M$1 >E 9CORPORAT$ 9 CAPITALI/IC CONDITIONS & ?AT1 LIKEWISE1 
PO/-CAPITALI/IC CONDITIONS1 9 ONE =M OR ANO!R1 >E APPE>+ )9 CAPITALI/IC 
CONDITIONS4 ,BUT ?IS REF]S TO G5]AL DEVELOPM5T & ?\< ! SPECIFIC CANNOT REALLY 
BE DIVORC$ FROM ! G5]AL1 IT IS CONT9U\SLY SEP>AT$ BY ! PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES ( 
M54 

,/ATUS QUO1 AS H]E APPLI$ TO CAPITALISM1 MEANS A P]IOD ( 
SOCIAL HI/ORY 9 :I* ! WORK]S1 )9 ! CONDITIONS ( A COMPLEX SOCIAL 
9T]DEP5D5CE1 >E DIVORC$ FROM ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & >E !REBY CONTROLL$ BY A 
RUL+ CLASS4 ,! P>TICUL>S ( POLITICAL CONTROL >E BAS$ ON ! P>TICUL>S ( 
ECONOMIC CONTROL4 ,SO LONG AS ! CAPITAL-LABOR RELATION%IP DET]M9ES SOCIAL LIFE1 SO 
LONG %ALL WE F9D SOCIETY BASICALLY 'UN*ANG$'1 NO MATT] H[ MU* IT MAY APPE> TO HAVE 
*ANG$ O!RWISE4 ,LAISSEZ-FAIRE1 MONOPOLY OR /ATE-CAPITALISM >E DEVELOPM5TAL /AGES 
)9 ! /ATUS QUO4 ,:ILE NOT D5Y+ DIFF]5CES BETWE5 !SE /AGES1 WE MU/ /RESS 
!IR BASIC ID5TITY & BY OPPOS+ :AT !Y HAVE 9 COMMON OPPOSE NOT ONLY ONE OR 
ANO!R BUT ALL ( !M SIMULTANE\SLY4 

,DEVELOPM5T OR M]ELY *ANGE )9 ! /ATUS QUO MAY BE 
'GOOD' OR 'BAD' FROM ! TIME-CONDITION$ PO9T ( VIEW ( ! CONTROLL$4 ,AN EXAMPLE ( 
! FIR/ W\LD BE ! WORK]S' SUCCESSFUL FI<T = BETT] LIV+ CONDITIONS & GREAT] 
POLITICAL FRE$OM2 ( ! SECOND1 ! LOSS ( BO? ) ! ASC5DANCY ( FASCISM -- QUITE 
AP>T FROM ! QUE/ION ( :E!R OR NOT ! FIR/ IS A P>TIAL CAUSE ( ! SECOND4 
,P>TICIPATION 9 ORGANIZATIONS ?AT FO/] DEVELOPM5T )9 ! /ATUS QUO IS (T5 AN 
9ESCAPABLE NECESSITY4 ,IT IS !RE=E ( NO AVAIL TO OPPOSE SU* ORGANIZATIONS ) A 
MAXIMUM PROGRAM REALIZABLE ONLY \TSIDE ! /ATUS QUO4 ,NEV]!LESS1 BE=E 5T]+ OR 
REMA9+ 9 'REALI/IC' ORGANIZATIONS1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO 9QUIRE 9 :AT DIRECTION 
*ANGES )9 ! /ATUS QUO MAY GO & H[ !Y MAY AFFECT ! WORK+ POPULATION4 

,= A LONG TIME N[ TRADE UNIONS & POLITICAL LABOR P>TIES 
HAVE CEAS$ TO ACT 9 ACCORDANCE ) !IR ORIG9AL RADICAL 9T5TIONS4 ',PROBLEMS ( ! 
DAY' TRANS=M$ !SE MOVEM5TS & L$ TO A SITUATION 9 :I* !RE >E NO 'REAL' 
LABOR ORGANIZATIONS DESPITE ! NUM]\S PSEUDO-ORGANIZATIONS /ILL AT L>GE4 ,EV5 ! 
SOCIALI/ W+ ( ! MOVEM5T CONCEIVES ( RE=M NOT AS A TRANSITION TO SOCIALISM BUT AS 
! MEANS TO A BETT]1 MORE AGREEABLE CAPITALISM1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ITS LIT]ATURE 
(T5 CONT9UES TO EMPLOY SOCIALI/IC T]MS4 ,! FI<T = BETT] LIV+ CONDITIONS )9 
! M>KET ECONOMY1 BECAUSE IT WAS A FI<T OV] ! PRICE ( LABOR P[]1 TRANS=M$ ! 
LABOR MOVEM5T 9TO A CAPITALI/IC MOVEM5T ( LABOR]S4 ,! GREAT] ! PROLET>IAN 
PRESSURE1 ! GREAT] BECAME ! CAPITALI/IC NE$ TO 9CREASE ! PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR 
BY TE*NOLOGICAL & ORGANIZATIONAL PROC$URES & BY ! NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL 
EXT5SION ( BUS9ESS ACTIVITIES4 ,LIKE COMPETITION 9 G5]AL1 ! PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE1 
TOO1 S]V$ AS AN 9/RUM5T = 9CREAS+ ! PACE ( CAPITAL ACCUMULATION1 = PU%+ 
SOCIETY FROM ONE PRODUCTION LEVEL TO ANO!R4 ,NOT ONLY ! LEAD]S ( LABOR BUT ! RANK 
& FILE1 TOO1 LO/ !IR E>LY REVOLUTION>Y ASPIRATIONS AS ! RIS+ PRODUCTIVITY ( 
LABOR ACCEL]AT$ CAPITAL EXPANSION & ALL[$ = BO? HI<] PR(ITS & BETT] WAGES4 
,AL?\< WAGES DIM9I%$ 9 RELATION TO PRODUCTION1 !Y 9CREAS$ 9 ABSOLUTE T]MS & 
RAIS$ ! LIV+ /&>DS ( GREAT MASSES ( 9DU/RIAL WORK]S 9 ! LEAD+ 
CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES4 ,PR(ITS W]E AUGM5T$ & CAPITAL =MATION WAS FUR!R HA/5$ BY 
=EIGN TRADE & COLONIAL EXPLOITATION4 ,?IS HELP$ TO /ABILIZE ! CONDITIONS ( A 
RIS+ SO-CALL$ LABOR >I/OCRACY4 ,P]IODICALLY ! PROCESS WAS 9T]RUPT$ BY CRISES 
& DEPRESSIONS :I* ACT$1 AL?\< BL9DLY1 AS CO-ORD9AT+ FACTORS 9 ! 
CAPITALI/IC RE-ORGANIZATION PROCESS4 ,9 ! LONG RUN1 H[EV]1 ! D\BLE-B>REL$ 
SUPPORT ( CAPITAL EXPANSION BY BO? WORK+ CLASS & CAPITALI/IC COMPETITION L$ TO A 
COMPLETE FUSION ( 9T]E/S BETWE5 LABOR ORGANIZATIONS & ! CONTROLL]S ( CAPITAL4 

,!RE W]E1 ( C\RSE1 ORGANIZATIONS ?AT F\<T AGA9/ ! 
9TEGRATION ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T 9TO ! CAPITALI/IC /RUCTURE4 ,!Y 9T]PRET$ 
RE=M AS A /EP T[>DS REVOLUTION & TRI$ TO 5GAGE 9 CAPITALI/IC ACTIVITIES & AT 
! SAME TIME MA9TA9 A REVOLUTION>Y GOAL4 ,!Y SAW ! FUSION ( CAPITAL & LABOR AS 
A TEMPOR>Y AFFAIR1 TO BE SUFF]$ OR UTILIZ$ :ILE IT LA/$4 ,!IR HALF-HE>T$NESS 9 
MATT]S ( COLLABORATION PREV5T$ !IR ATTA9+ ORGANIZATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE2 & ?IS1 
9 TURN1 L$ !M TO EMPHASIZE SPONTANEITY4 ,LEFT W+ SOCIALI/S & REVOLUTION>Y 
SYNDICALI/S BELONG 9 ?IS CATEGORY4 

,SOME C\NTRIES HAVE HI<] LIV+ /&>DS ?AN O!RS1 ! 
HI< WAGES ( SOME LABOR+ GR\PS IMPLY L[ WAGES = O!RS4 ,EQUALIZ+ T5D5CIES 
OP]AT+ 9 COMPETITIVE CAPITALISM ) REG>D TO PRODUCTIVITY1 PR(IT-RATES & WAGE 
LEVELS1 T5D TO ELIM9ATE SPECIAL 9T]E/S & P>TICUL> PRIVILEGES4 ,JU/ AS ! 
CAPITALI/S TRY TO ESCAPE ?IS LEVEL+ PROCESS ?R\< MONOPOLIZATION1 SO ORGANIZ$ 
LABOR GR\PS TRY TO SECURE !IR SPECIAL POSITIONS DESPITE ! CLASS-NE$S ( ! 
PROLET>IAT AS A :OLE4 ,!SE SPECIAL 9T]E/S >E B\ND TO BECOME 'RATIONAL' 9T]E/S4 
,BY DEF5D+ !IR POLITICAL & ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS 9 ORD] TO RETA9 ! 
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PRIVILEGES SECUR$ ?R\< !M1 ! WORK]S DEF5D NOT ONLY ?AT 
P>TICUL> /AGE ( CAPITALI/IC DEVELOPM5T :I* GU>ANTEES !IR SPECIAL POSITION BUT 
ALSO !IR NATIONS' IMP]IALI/IC POLICIES4 

,9 ORD] TO MA9TA9 ! /ATUS QUO1 BASIC SOCIAL RELATIONS 
>E MORE 'EFFICI5TLY' ORGANIZ$ & RE-ORGANIZ$4 ,PRES5T-DAY RE-ORGANIZATION )9 ! 
SOCIAL CLASS /RUCTURE IS TOTALIT>IAN 9 *>ACT]4 ,IDEOLOGY1 TOO1 BECOMES TOTALIT>IAN 
BO? AS A PRECONDITION & AS A RESULT ( ?IS RE-ORGANIZATION4 ,NON-TOTALIT>IAN 
ORGANIZATIONS TURN TOTALIT>IAN 9 AN ATTEMPT TO PRES]VE !MSELVES4 ,9 TOTALIT>IAN 
NATIONS ! SO-CALL$ LABOR ORGANIZATIONS ACT EXCLUSIVELY ON BEHALF ( ! RUL+ 
CLASSES4 ,!Y DO SO 9 'DEMOCRATIC' C\NTRIES TOO1 AL?\< 9 A LESS OBVI\S MANN] & 
) A P>TLY DIFF]5T IDEOLOGY4 ,APP>5TLY !RE IS NO WAY TO REPLACE !SE 
ORGANIZATIONS ) NEW ONES ( A REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT] -- A HOPELESS SITUATION = ?OSE 
:O WANT TO ORGANIZE ! NEW SOCIETY )9 ! %ELL ( ! OLD & = ?OSE /ILL B5T 
UPON 'IMPROVEM5TS' )9 ! /ATUS QUO1 S9CE ALL RE=MS W\LD N[ REQUIRE 
TOTALIT>IAN MEANS4 ,B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY )9 ! CONDITIONS ( LAISSEZ FAIRE -- ?AT IS1 
! SOCIAL SITUATION 9 :I* LABOR ORGANIZATIONS ( ! TRADITIONAL TYPE C\LD =M & 
DEVELOP -- EI!R NO LONG] EXI/S OR IS ON ! WAY \T4 ,! :OLE DISCUSSION >\ND ! 
QUE/ION ( ORGANIZATION & SPONTANEITY :I* AGITAT$ ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T HAS N[ 
LO/ ITS MEAN+4 ,BO? TYPES ( ORGANIZATIONS1 ?OSE DEP5D+ ON SPONTANEITY & ?OSE 
TRY+ TO MA/] IT1 >E DISAPPE>+4 ,PROPAG&A = NEW ORGANIZATIONS AM\NTS TO NO MORE 
?AN ! HOPE ?AT !Y WILL SPONTANE\SLY >ISE4 ,LIKE ! BELIEV]S 9 SPONTANEITY1 ! 
ADVOCATES ( ORGANIZATION1 TOO1 >E N[ 'UTOPIANS' 9 FACE ( ! EM]G+ TOTALIT>IAN 
REALITY4 

,TO SOME1 H[EV]1 ! EXI/5CE ( ,BOL%EVIK ,RUSSIA SEEMS TO 
CONTRADICT BO? ! /ATEM5T ?AT ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T HAS DISAPPE>$ & ! 
CONT5TION ?AT DISCUSSION AB\T ORGANIZATION & SPONTANEITY HAS BECOME MEAN+LESS 
BECAUSE ( ALT]$ SOCIAL CONDITIONS4 ,AFT] ALL1 ?OSE :O /RESS$ ORGANIZATION HAD !IR 
WAY 9 ,RUSSIA & CONT9UE TO EX]T !IR P[] 9 ! NAME ( SOCIALISM4 ,!Y MAY REG>D 
!IR SUCCESS AS A V]IFICATION ( !IR !ORY & SO MAY ALSO ?OSE RE=MI/ 
ORGANIZATIONS ?AT BECAME GOV]NM5T P>TIES AS1 = 9/ANCE1 ! ,BRITI% ,LABOR ,P>TY4 
,!Y MAY REG>D !IR PRES5T POSITION NOT AS A TRANS=MATION 9TO TOTALIT>IAN 
CAPITALISM BUT AS A /EP T[>DS ! SOCIALIZATION ( SOCIETY4 

,! ,LABOR ,GOV]NM5T & ITS SUPPORT+ ORGANIZATIONS M]ELY 
DEMON/RATE1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T HAS BE5 BR\<T TO AN 5D BY ITS 
ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS4 ,IT IS QUITE OBVI\S ?AT ! ,LABORITES' SOLE CONC]N IS 9 
MA9TA9+ ! /ATUS QUO4 ,!Y >E1 ( C\RSE1 /ILL 5GAG$ 9 RE-ORGANIZ+ ! 
POLITICAL & GOV]NM5TAL /RUCTURE1 BUT ! DEF5SE ( CAPITALISM HAS BECOME ! DEF5SE 
( !IR [N EXI/5CE4 ,& TO DEF5D CAPITALISM MEANS TO CONT9UE & TO ACCEL]ATE ! 
CONC5TRATION & C5TRALIZATION ( ECONOMIC & POLITICAL P[] CAM\FLAG$ AS ! 
'NATIONALIZATION' ( KEY 9DU/RIES4 ,IT 9VOLVES SOCIAL *ANGES :I* BO? 9CREASE & 
SECURE ! MANIPULATIVE & CONTROLL+ P[]S ( CAPITAL & GOV]NM5T & :I* 
9TEGRATE ! LABOR MOVEM5T 9TO A DEVELOP+ NETWORK ( TOTALIT>IAN ORGANIZATIONS ?AT 
S]VE NONE BUT ! RUL+ CLASSES4 

,IF ORGANIZATIONS SU* AS ?OSE ?AT DOM9ATE ! ,BRITI% 
LABOR MOVEM5T GA9 POLITICAL 9FLU5CE & DO NOT USE IT = REVOLUTION>Y 5DS1 IT IS 
NOT BECAUSE !IR 'DEMOCRATIC IDEOLOGY' =BIDS !M TO COME TO REAL1 AS DI/9CT FROM 
GOV]NM5TAL1 P[] BY MEANS O!R ?AN MAJORITY CONS5T4 ,!IR [N ORGANIZATIONS1 
'DEMOCRATIC' ONLY 9 T]M9OLOGY1 >E DET]M9$ BY A BUREAUCRACY & CLOSELY RESEMBLE ! 
CAPITALI/IC DEMOCRATIC /RUCTURE :I* PRESUPPOSES ! ABSOLUTE RULE ( ! [N]S & 
CONTROLL]S ( CAPITAL4 ,NEI!R DO !Y FE> :AT /R5G? REMA9S 9 !IR CAPITALI/IC 
ADV]S>IES2 !IR CONS]VATISM /EMS DIRECTLY FROM !IR [N ORGANIZATIONAL 9T]E/S 
:I* >E B\ND UP ) ! PRE-TOTALIT>IAN /AGE ( CAPITALI/IC DEVELOPM5T4 

,! TOTALIT>IAN EVOLUTION ( !SE ORGANIZATIONS IS A 
SMALL-SCALE REPETITION ( ! TRANS=MATION ( ! LIB]AL 9TO ! AU?ORIT>IAN 
SOCIETY4 ,IT IS A SL[ & CONTRADICTORY PROCESS & IMPLIES AN 9T]-ORGANIZATIONAL 
/RUGGLE AS WELL AS A FI<T AGA9/ COMPET+ POLITICAL MOVEM5TS4 ,IT TAKES PLACE AT A 
TIME :5 ! 9T]NATIONAL EXT5SION ( ! CAPITALI/IC CONC5TRATION PROCESS TURNS 
MONOPOLI/IC 9TO NATIONALI/IC 9T]E/S2 :5 ! WORLD ECONOMY IS ! MONOPOLY ( A FEW 
NATIONS OR P[] BLOCS & ! DIRECT CONTROL OV] PRODUCTION & M>KET+ ?AT EXI/S 9 
EA* ADVANC$ NATION IS BE+ REALIZ$ ON A WORLD-WIDE SCALE4 ,UND] !SE CONDITIONS1 ! 
LABOR MOVEM5T IS NO LONG] ABLE TO SUPPORT CAPITAL EXPANSION SOLELY BY FI<T+ = ITS 
SPECIAL GR\P 9T]E/S4 ,IT MU/ BECOME A NATIONAL MOVEM5T & MU/ P>TAKE 9 ! 
RE-ORGANIZATION ( ! WORLD ECONOMY 9 ACCORDANCE ) *ANG+ P[] RELATION%IPS4 
,H[EV]1 ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 HAMP]$ BY TRADITION & HAV+ VE/$ 9T]E/S ( ITS [N 
F9DS IT DIFFICULT TO TURN FROM A M]E SUPPORT] ( NATIONALISM 9TO A DRIV+ =CE ( 
IMP]IALISM4 ,NEW POLITICAL MOVEM5TS SPR+ UP TO EXPLOIT ?IS 9FLEXIBILITY &1 :]E IT 
P]SI/S1 TO REPLACE ! LABOR MOVEM5T BY A NATIONAL-SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T4 

,TO BE SURE1 ! NATIONAL-SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T IS 'NATIONAL' 
ONLY 9 ORD] TO BE IMP]IALI/IC4 ,B\RGEOIS '9T]NATIONALISM' ?AT IS1 ! FREE WORLD 
M>KET1 WAS A FICTION4 ,IT WAS 'FREE' ONLY BECAUSE IT WAS FREE FROM COMPETITION AGA9/ ! 
LEAD+ 9DU/RIAL NATIONS & ! 9T]NATIONAL TRU/S4 ,CAPITAL EXPANSION :ILE 
DELIMIT+ COMPETITION ON ! ONE H& SPREAD COMPETITION ON ! O!R2 OLD MONOPOLI/IC 
POSITIONS W]E DE/ROY$ 9 FAVOR ( NEW MONOPOLI/IC CON/ELLATIONS4 ,IF MONOPOLI/IC 
9T]F]5CES 9 ! 'FREE' WORLD M>KET H9D]$ CAPITALI/IC EXPANSION1 AT ! SAME TIME 
!Y =C$ NEWLY-DEVELOP+ NATIONS1 & >IS+ PRIVATE 9T]E/S )9 !M1 TO 
E/ABLI% !IR [N COMPETITIVE MONOPOLI/IC RE/RICTIONS 9 ORD] TO SECURE = 
!MSELVES A PLACE )9 ! WORLD ECONOMY4 

,! FI<T TO 5T] ! 'FREE' WORLD M>KET1 AS WELL AS ! 
/RUGGLE TO KEEP ALL NEWCOM]S \T1 HA/5$ G5]AL CAPITALI/IC DEVELOPM5T AT ! PRICE 
( A GR[+ DISPROPORTIONALITY ( ! ECONOMY AS A :OLE4 ,! DISCREPANCY BETWE5 ! 
TOTAL SOCIAL =CES ( PRODUCTION !REBY RELEAS$ & ! PRIVATELY- & 
NATIONALLY-DET]M9$ ORGANIZATION ( WORLD-PRODUCTION & TRADE BECAME ! WID] ! MORE 
CAPITALI/IC PROGRESS WAS MADE4 ,UNABLE TO >RE/ ! GR[? ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES 
BECAUSE ( ! COMPETITIVE SITUATION1 RE-ORGANIZATIONS ( ! WORLD ECONOMY 9 ACCORDANCE 
) ! *ANG+ DI/RIBUTION ( ECONOMIC P[] PROCE$$ BY WAY ( CRISES & W>S4 ,?IS 
L$1 9 TURN1 TO A R5EW$ EMPHASIS ON NATIONALISM AL?\< ALL POLITICAL & ECONOMIC 
ISSUES >E DET]M9$ BY ! CAPITALI/IC NATURE ( ! WORLD ECONOMY4 ,NATIONALISM IS 
M]ELY ! 9/RUM5T = L>GE-SCALE COMPETITION2 IT IS ! '9T]NATIONALISM' ( 
CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 

,PROLET>IAN 9T]NATIONALISM WAS BAS$ ON AN ACCEPTANCE ( 
! FICTITI\S 'FREE-TRADE' PR9CIPLE ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,IT CONCEIV$ ( 9T]NATIONAL 
DEVELOPM5T AS A M]E QUANTITATIVE EXT5SION ( ! FAMILI> NATIONAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,JU/ AS 
CAPITALI/ 5T]PRISE BROKE ?R\< NATIONAL B\ND>IES1 SO ! LABOR MOVEM5T GA9$ AN 
9T]NATIONAL BASE )\T *ANG+ ITS =M OR ACTIVITIES4 ,! ONLY QUALITATIVE *ANGE 
?AT C\LD BE EXPECT$ 9 ! WAKE ( ! QUANTITATIVE *ANGES WAS ! PROLET>IAN 
REVOLUTION1 & ?IS BECAUSE ( ! IDEA ( ! POL>IZATION ( SOCIETY3 :I* MEANS ?AT 
AN ALWAYS SMALL] NUMB] ( RUL]S W\LD FACE AN ALWAYS GR[+ MASS ( ! RUL$4 
,LOGICALLY1 ?IS PROCESS C\LD LEAD EI!R 9TO ABSURDITY OR TO ! SOCIAL EXPROPRIATION ( 
9DIVIDUAL EXPROPRIATORS4 

,IF ! FI<T OV] ! PRICE ( LABOR P[] WAS REG>D$ AS 
RESULT+ 9 ! /EADY GR[? ( PROLET>IAN CLASS CONSCI\SNESS & ! CREATION ( AN 
OBJECTIVE BASE = SOCIALISM1 ! :OLE ( ! CAPITALI/ CONC5TRATION PROCESS WAS ALSO 
WELCOM$ AS A NECESS>Y DEVELOPM5TAL /EP 9 ! DIRECTION ( ! NEW SOCIETY4 
,L>GE-SCALE BUS9ESS1 C>TELLISATION1 TRU/IFICATION1 F9ANCIAL CONTROL1 
/ATE-9T]F]5CES1 NATIONALISM1 & EV5 IMP]IALISM W]E HELD TO BE SIGNPO/S ( ! 
'RIP5+' ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY T[>D SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,IF IT 5C\RAG$ ! RE=MI/S 
TO 5VISION ! LEGALLY-WON CONTROL ( GOV]NM5T AS A SUFFICI5T REQUIREM5T = SOCIAL 
*ANGE1 IT ALSO MADE IT POSSIBLE = REVOLUTION>IES TO HOPE ?AT EV5 UND] LESS 'RIPE' 
CONDITIONS SOCIALISM C\LD BE 9/ITUT$ ?R\< ! CAPTURE ( GOV]NM5TAL P[]S4 ,! 
QU>RELS BETWE5 SOCIALI/S & ,BOL%EVIKS W]E OV] TACTICAL ISSUES & DID NOT AFFECT 
!IR BASIC AGREEM5T ?AT CAPITALISM'S 'LA/ /AGE' C\LD BE TRANS=M$ TO SOCIALISM BY 
GOV]NM5TAL ACTIONS4 ,IF ! SOCIALI/S SEEM$ TO WAIT = 'PROGRESS' TO RUN ITS C\RSE 
& H& ! GOV]NM5T OV] TO !M1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E \T TO MAKE PROGRESS & MAKE IT 
FA/]4 

,! ,RUSSIAN DEFEAT 9 ! FIR/ WORLD W> & ! 
WIDELY-SUPPORT$ NE$ TO 'MOD]NIZE' ,RUSSIA 9 ORD] TO SECURE H] NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE 
L$ TO ! COLLAPSE ( ,CZ>ISM & TO A REVOLUTION ?AT BR\<T ! 'PROGRESSIVE ELEM5TS' 
TO P[]4 ,! MORE AGGRESSIVE W+ ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T SOON CONC5TRAT$ P[] 9TO 
ITS [N H&S4 ,TO HA/5 ! SOCIALIZATION PROCESS1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS =C$ ! POPULATION 
TO ACT 9 /RICT ACCORDANCE ) !IR POLITICAL PROGRAM4 ,FROM !IR PO9T ( VIEW IT 
DID NOT MATT] :E!R !IR DECISIONS W]E /ILL ( A CAPITALI/IC *>ACT] SO LONG AS 
!Y W]E 9 L9E ) ! G5]AL CAPITALI/IC DEVELOPM5T T[>DS /ATE-CAPITALISM & 
SO LONG AS !Y 9CREAS$ PRODUCTION & MA9TA9$ ! ,BOL%EVIK GOV]NM5T :I* WAS 
SE5 AS A GU>ANTEE ?AT 9 ! 5D1 DESPITE ALL 9CONSI/5CIES1 COMPROMISES & 
CONCESSIONS TO CAPITALI/IC PR9CIPLES & CAPITALI/ P[]S1 A /ATE ( SOCIALISM C\LD 
BE DECRE$ FROM ABOVE4 ,! PO9T WAS TO KEEP ! GOV]NM5T REVOLUTION>Y1 ?AT IS1 9 
,BOL%EVIK H&S & TO PRES]VE ITS REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT] ?R\< RIGID 9DOCTR9ATION 
( ITS MEMB]S ) A BASICALLY UN*ANG+ IDEOLOGY4 ,BY FO/]+ A FANATICISM ABLE TO 
OPPOSE ALL DEVIATIONS ! ,BOL%EVIKS ATTEMPT$ TO KEEP ! ORGANIZATIONAL MA*9E MORE 
P[]FUL ?AN ALL ITS 5EMIES4 ,GOV]NM5T DICTATOR%IP1 SUPPORT$ BY A 
DICTATORIALLY-DIRECT$ P>TY & A HI]>*ICAL SY/EM ( PRIVILEGES1 WAS REG>D$ AS ! 
9ESCAPABLE FIR/ /EP 9 ! ACTUALIZATION ( SOCIALISM4 

,BEYOND ! GR[? ( MONOPOLI/IC ORGANIZATION1 /ATE 
9T]F]5CES 9 ! ECONOMY & ! ORGANIZATIONAL REQUIREM5TS ( MOD]N IMP]IALISM A 
T5D5CY T[>DS TOTALIT>IAN CONTROL OP]AT$ 9 ALL C\NTRIES1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ?OSE 
SUFF]+ UND] MORE OR LESS 'P]MAN5T' CRISIS CONDITIONS4 ,IF ! CAPITALI/ CRISIS1 LIKE 
ITS ECONOMY1 IS 9T]NATIONAL1 IT DOES NOT HIT ALL C\NTRIES EQUALLY H>D NOR 9 ID5TICAL 
WAYS4 ,!RE >E 'RI*]' & 'POOR]' C\NTRIES ) REG>D TO MAT]IAL1 HUMAN & 
CAPITALI/IC RES\RCES4 ,CRISES & W>S LEAD TO A RE-%UFFL+ ( P[] POSITIONS & TO 
NEW TR5DS 9 ECONOMIC & POLITICAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,!Y MAY BE EXPRESSIONS ( P[] 
RELOCATIONS ALREADY ACTUALIZ$ OR ( 9/RUM5TS = BR++ !M AB\T4 ,9 EI!R CASE 
! CAPITALI/IC WORLD F9DS ITSELF DECISIVELY *ANG$ & DIFF]5TLY ORGANIZ$4 ,NEW 
ORGANIZATIONAL 9NOVATIONS BECOME G5]AL1 ?\< NOT NECESS>ILY SIMIL>1 BY WAY ( ! 
COMPETITIVE /RUGGLES4 ,9 SOME C\NTRIES NEW =MS ( SOCIAL CONTROL1 U%]$ 9 BY A HI< 
CAPITAL CONC5TRATION1 MAY BE PR$OM9ANTLY ( AN ECONOMIC *>ACT]1 9 O!RS !Y WILL 
TAKE ON POLITICAL APPE>ANCE4 ,ACTUALLY !RE MAY BE MORE ADVANC$ C5TRALI/IC CONTROL 9 
! =M] ?AN 9 ! LATT]4 ,BUT IF ?IS IS ! CASE1 IT ONLY =CES ! LESS 
C5TRALI/ICALLY-DET]M9$ NATIONS TO 9CREASE !IR POLITICAL CONTROL CAPACITIES4 ,A 
FASCI/IC REGIME RESULTS FROM ! SOCIAL /RUGGLES ?AT ACCOMPANY 9T]NAL DIFFICULTIES 
& FROM ! NE$ TO COMP5SATE1 BY WAY ( ORGANIZATION1 = WEAKNESSES NOT %>$ BY 
CAPITALI/ICALLY /RONG] NATIONS4 ,! POLITICAL AU?ORIT>IAN REGIME IS A SUB/ITUTE = 
! LACK ( A 'FREELY-'DEVELOP$ C5TRALI/IC SY/EM ( DECISION MAK+4 

,IF TOTALIT>IANISM IS A RESULT ( *ANGES )9 ! WORLD 
ECONOMY1 IT IS ALSO RESPONSIBLE = ! N[ WORLD-WIDE T5D5CY TO SUPPLEM5T ECONOMIC 
=CE BY POLITICAL-ORGANIZATIONAL MEANS4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( 
TOTALIT>IANISM CAN BE UND]/OOD ONLY 9 T]MS ( ! CAPITALI/ WORLD SITUATION4 
,BOL%EVISM1 ,FASCISM & ,NAZISM >E NOT 9DEP5D5T NATIONAL PRODUCTS BUT NATIONAL 
REACTIONS TO *ANG$ =MS ( WORLD COMPETITION1 JU/ AS ! TR5D T[>DS TOTALIT>IANISM 
9 'DEMOCRATIC' NATIONS IS 9 P>T A REACTION TO ! PRESSURES = & AGA9/ 
IMP]IALI/IC ACTIVITIES4 ,( C\RSE1 ONLY ! L>G] CAPITALI/IC C\NTRIES >E 
9DEP5D5T COMPETITORS = WORLD CONTROL2 NUM]\S SMALL] NATIONS1 ALREADY \T ( ! 
RACE1 M]ELY ADAPT !MSELVES TO ! SOCIAL /RUCTURE ( ! DOM9AT+ P[]S4 ,/ILL1 
MOD]N SOCIETY'S TOTALIT>IAN /RUCTURE DEVELOP$ FIR/ NOT :]E IT WAS COMMONLY TO BE 
EXPECT$ -- :]E !RE WAS HI< ECONOMIC P[] CONC5TRATION -- BUT 9 ! WEAK] 
CAPITALI/ NATIONS4 ,! WE/]N-TRA9$ ,BOL%EVIKS SAW 9 /ATE-CAPITALISM1 ! LA/ 
/AGE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T1 AN 5TRANCE TO SOCIALISM4 ,TO REA* ! 5TRANCE BY 
POLITICAL MEANS NECESSITAT$ !IR DICTATOR%IP1 & TO MAKE IT EFFECTIVE MEANT TO BE 
TOTALIT>IAN4 ,! FASCI/ REGIMES ( ,G]MANY1 ,ITALY & ,JAPAN REPRES5T$ ATTEMPTS ?R\< 
ORGANIZATION TO MAKE UP = :AT WAS LACK+ 9 T]MS ( TRADITIONAL CAPITALI/IC 
/R5G?1 TO F9D A %ORT-CUT TO L>GE-SCALE COMPETITION1 S9CE ! G5]AL ECONOMIC 
DEVELOPM5T PREV5T$ !M EI!R FROM 9CREAS+ OR KEEP+ !IR %>ES 9 WORLD 
EXPLOITATION4 

,APPROA*$ FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 ! :OLE CAPITALI/ 
DEVELOPM5T HAS BE5 MOV+ T[>D TOTALIT>IANISM4 ,! TR5D BECAME APP>5T ) ! 
BEG9N+ ( ! PRES5T C5TURY4 ,! M$IA = ITS REALIZATION >E CRISES1 W>S & 
REVOLUTIONS4 ,IT RE/RICTS ITSELF NOT TO SPECIAL CLASSES & P>TICUL> NATIONS1 BUT 
9VOLVES ! POPULATION ( ! WORLD4 ,FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 IT MAY ALSO BE SAID ?AT A 
'FULLY-DEVELOP$' CAPITALISM W\LD BE A WORLD-CAPITALISM1 C5TRALI/ICALLY CONTROLL$ 9 
TOTALIT>IAN FA%ION4 ,IF REALIZABLE1 IT W\LD CORRESPOND TO ! SOCIALI/ & ,BOL%EVIK 
GOAL ( WORLD GOV]NM5T1 PLANN+ ! :OLE ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,IT W\LD CORRESPOND ALSO TO 
! LIMIT$ '9T]-NATIONALISM' ( CAPITALI/S1 FASCI/S1 SOCIALI/S & ,BOL%EVIKS :O 
5VISION SU* P>TIAL ORGANIZATIONS AS ,PAN-,EUROPE1 ,PAN-,SLAVISM1 ,LAT9-,BLOC1 NUMB]$ 
,9T]NATIONALS1 ,COMMONWEAL?1 ,MONROE-,DOCTR9E1 ,ATLANTIC ,*>T]1 ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS & SO 
=?1 AS NECESS>Y /EPS T[>DS WORLD GOV]NM5T4 

,9 ! LI<T ( TODAY1 N9ETE5? C5TURY CAPITALISM APPE>S 
TO HAVE BE5 AN 'UNDEVELOP$' CAPITALISM1 NOT FULLY EMANCIPAT$ FROM ITS FEUDALI/IC PA/4 
,CAPITALISM1 *ALL5G+ NOT EXPLOITATION BUT ONLY ! MONOPOLI/IC POSITION ( A 
P>TICUL> =M ( EXPLOITATION1 C\LD TRULY UNFOLD ITSELF ')9 ! %ELL' ( ! OLD 
SOCIETY4 ,ITS REVOLUTION>Y ACTIONS W]E AIM$ AT GOV]NM5TAL CONTROL M]ELY 9 ORD] TO 
BREAK ?R\< FEUDALISM'S RE/RICTIVE BORD]S & TO SECURE CAPITALI/IC LIB]TIES4 ,! 
CAPITALI/S W]E ?OR\<LY OCCUPI$ ) & SATISFI$ BY !IR EXT5SION ( WORLD TRADE1 
!IR CREATION ( ! PROLET>IAT & 9DU/RY & !IR ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL4 
',ECONOMIC FRE$OM' WAS !IR *IEF CONC]N & AS LONG AS ! /ATE SUPPORT$ !IR 
EXPLOITATIVE SOCIAL POSITION1 ! /ATE'S COMPOSITION & SEP>AT5ESS W]E NONE ( !IR 
CONC]N4 

,! RELATIVE 9DEP5D5CE ( ! /ATE WAS NOT A MA9 
*>ACT]I/IC ( CAPITALISM1 H[EV]1 BUT M]ELY AN EXPRESSION ( CAPITALI/IC GR[? 
)9 9COMPLETE CAPITALI/IC CONDITIONS4 ,! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM IMPLI$ 
! CAPITALIZATION ( ! /ATE4 ,:AT ! /ATE LO/ 9 '9DEP5D5CE' IT GA9$ 9 P[]2 
:AT ! CAPITALI/S LO/ TO ! /ATE !Y REGA9$ 9 9CREAS$ SOCIAL CONTROL4 ,9 TIME 
! 9T]E/S ( /ATE & CAPITAL BECAME ID5TICAL1 :I* 9DICAT$ ?AT ! CAPITALI/ 
MODE ( PRODUCTION & ITS COMPETITIVE PRACTICE W]E N[ G5]ALLY ACCEPT$4 ,/ATE-WIDE1 
NATIONALLY-ORGANIZ$ CAPITALISM MADE IT APP>5T ONCE MORE ?AT IT HAD SUBDU$ ALL 
OPPOSITION1 ?AT ! :OLE ( SOCIETY1 9CLUD+ ! LABOR MOVEM5T -- & NO LONG] 
M]ELY ! CAPITALI/ 5TREPR5EURS -- HAD BECOME CAPITALI/IC4 ,?AT ! CAPITALIZATION ( 
! LABOR MOVEM5T WAS AN ACCOMPLI%$ FACT WAS MANIFE/ 9 ITS 9CREAS+ 9T]E/ 9 
! /ATE AS ! 9/RUM5T ( EMANCIPATION4 ,TO BE 'REVOLUTION>Y' MEANT ESCAP+ ! 
N>R[ 'TRADE UNION CONSCI\SNESS' ( ! P]IOD ( ,MAN*E/]-CAPITALISM1 FI<T+ = 
! CONTROL ( ! /ATE & 9CREAS+ ! LATT]'S IMPORTANCE BY EXT5D+ ITS P[]S 
OV] EV] WID] >EAS ( SOCIAL ACTIVITY4 ,! M]G+ ( /ATE & CAPITAL WAS 
SIMULTANE\SLY ! M]G+ ( BO? ) ! ORGANIZ$ LABOR MOVEM5T4 

,9 ,RUSSIAN BOL%EVISM WE HAVE ! FIR/ SY/EM 9 :I* ! 
M]G] ( CAPITAL1 LABOR & ! /ATE WAS ACCOMPLI%$ ?R\< ! POLITICAL MANEUV] ( 
! RADICAL W+ ( ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,9 ,L59'S VIEW1 ! B\RGEOISIE ITSELF WAS 
NO LONG] ABLE TO REVOLUTIONIZE SOCIETY4 ,! TIME = A CAPITALI/ REVOLUTION 9 ! 
TRADITIONAL S5SE HAD PASS$4 ,9 ORD] TO ESCAPE COLONIAL /ATUS1 ! IMP]IALI/IC /AGE 
( CAPITALISM =C$ BACKW>D NATIONS TO ADOPT AS !IR DEVELOPM5TAL />T+ PO9T :AT1 
UND] LAISSEZ-FAIRE CONDITIONS1 HAD BE5 CONSID]$ ! POSSIBLE 5D ( ! COMPETITIVE 
PROCESSES4 ,BACKW>D NATIONS C\LD LIB]ATE !MSELVES NOT BY TRADITIONAL MEANS ( CAPITAL 
DEVELOPM5T BUT BY POLITICAL /RUGGLES 9 ! ,BOL%EVIK PATT]N4 ,*ALL5G+ NOT ! 
CAPITALI/ SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION BUT ONLY ITS RE/RICTION TO P>TICUL> GR\PS ( 
5TREPR5EURS & F9ANCI]S1 ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY USURP$ CONTROL OV] ! MEANS ( 
PRODUCTION ?R\< CONTROL ( ! /ATE4 ,!RE WAS NO NE$ TO SUBMIT TO ! HI/ORICAL 
S*EME ( MONEY-MAK+ & CAPITAL-AMASS+ 9 ORD] TO REA* SOCIAL CONTROL POSITIONS4 
,EXPLOITATION DID NOT DEP5D ON LAISSEZ-FAIRE CONDITIONS BUT ON ! CONTROL ( ! MEANS ( 
PRODUCTION4 ,IT %\LD BE EV5 MORE PR(ITABLE & SECURE ) A UNIFI$ & C5TRALIZ$ 
CONTROL SY/EM ?AN IT HAD BE5 9 ! PA/ UND] ! 9DIRECT CONTROL ( ! M>KET & 
) SPORADIC 9T]V5TIONS ( ! /ATE4 

,IF 9 ,RUSSIA ! TOTALIT>IAN 9ITIATIVE CAME FROM ! 
RADICAL LABOR MOVEM5T1 IT WAS BECAUSE ( ITS CLOSE PROXIMITY TO ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 :]E 
SIMIL> PROCESSES W]E UND] WAY1 AL?\< !Y W]E DEALT ) 9 RE=MI/1 
NON-REVOLUTION>Y FA%ION4 ,9 ,JAPAN ! 9ITIATIVE WAS TAK5 BY ! /ATE & ! PROCESS 
TOOK ON A DIFF]5T *>ACT] ) ! OLD RUL+ CLASSES BE+ MADE ! EXECUTORS ( 
/ATE POLICIES4 ,9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE ! CAPITALIZATION ( ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T & ITS 
9FLU5CE ON ! /ATE HAD REA*$ SU* A PO9T1 P>TICUL>LY DUR+ ! W> YE>S1 ?AT 
?IS MOVEM5T WAS DRA9$ ( 9ITIATIVE ) REG>D TO SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,IT C\LD NOT 
OV]COME SOCIAL /AGNATION 7CAUS$ P>TLY BY ITS [N EXI/5CE & ACC5TUAT$ BY ! 
DEPRESSIVE RESULTS ( ! W>71 )\T FIR/ RADICALLY TRANS=M+ ITSELF4 ,ATTEMPTS AT 
BOL%EVISATION FAIL$1 H[EV]4 ,UNLIKE ! ,RUSSIAN1 ! ,WE/]N B\RGEOISIE POSSESS$ A 
GREAT] FLEXIBILITY )9 ! 'PROGRESSIVE' DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS & OP]AT$ UPON A 
WID] & MORE 9TEGRAT$ SOCIAL BASE4 ,IT WAS 9 ,G]MANY1 CAPITALI/ICALLY ! /RONGE/ 
C\NTRY ( ALL ! NATIONS :I* W]E DEFEAT$ 9 ! FIR/ WORLD W> & NEGLECT$ BY ! 
DIVISION ( ITS SPOILS1 9 :I* FASCISM DEVELOP$ LA/4 ,BUT BOL%EVISM HAD PO9T$ ! 
WAY TO P[] ?R\< P>TY-ACTIVITY4 ,TOTALIT>IAN CONTROL BY WAY ( ! P>TY -- ! 
POSSIBILITY ( P>TY-CAPITALISM -- WAS DEMON/RAT$ 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,NEW POLITICAL P>TIES1 
P>TLY B\RGEOIS1 P>TLY PROLET>IAN1 OP]AT+ ) NATIONALI/IC-IMP]IALI/IC 
IDEOLOGIES & ) MORE OR LESS CONSI/5T /ATE-CAPITALI/IC PROGRAMS CAME 9TO BE+ 
TO FACE ! OLD ORGANIZATIONS AS NEW 'REVOLUTION>Y' =CES4 ,) A MASS-BASE ( !IR 
[N1 F$ BY ! 9SOLUBLE CRISIS1 ) LESS RESPECT = LEGALITY & TRADITIONAL 
PROC$URES & ) ! SUPPORT ( ALL ! ELEM5TS ?AT W]E DRIV+ = AN IMP]IALI/IC 
SOLUTION ( ! CRISIS CONDITIONS1 !Y W]E ABLE FIR/ 9 ,ITALY & LAT] 9 ,G]MANY TO 
DEFEAT ! OLD ORGANIZATIONS4 ,EV5 9 ,AM]ICA1 ! /RONGE/ CAPITALI/ NATION1 ATTEMPTS 
W]E MADE DUR+ ! ,GREAT ,DEPRESSION TO SECURE ! /ATE'S NEWLY-WON 9CREAS$ AU?ORITY 
BY ! CREATION ( MASS-SUPPORT = GOV]NM5T-DIRECT$ CLASS COLLABORATION POLICIES4 

,! COLLAPSE ( ! FASCI/ NATIONS 9 ! SECOND WORLD W> 
DID NOT ALT] ! TOTALIT>IAN TR5D4 ,AL?\< ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ! DEFEAT$ NATIONS IS 
AT AN 5D1 !IR AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURE REMA9S4 ,ONLY ?OSE ASPECTS ( !IR 
TOTALIT>IANISM ?AT W]E DIRECTLY CONC]N$ ) 9DEP5D5T W>-MAK+ HAVE BE5 
DE/ROY$ OR SUBORD9AT$ TO ! NE$S ( ! VICTORI\S P[]S4 ,AL?\< ! SEATS ( 
CONTROL HAVE %IFT$ & NEW ME?ODS HAVE BE5 9VOK$1 !RE IS MORE AU?ORIT>IANISM 9 
! WORLD TODAY ?AN !RE WAS PRIOR TO & EV5 DUR+ ! W>4 ,MOREOV]1 'VICTORI\S' 
NATIONS LIKE ,5GL& & ,FRANCE F9D !MSELVES 9 ! SAME POSITION TODAY AS ! DEFEAT$ 
NATIONS AFT] ! FIR/ WORLD W>4 ,IT APPE>S ?AT ! :OLE DEVELOPM5T ( ,C5TRAL ,EUROPE 
BETWE5 ! TWO W>S WILL BE REPEAT$ 9 ,5GL& & ,FRANCE4 

,TOTALIT>IANISM1 H[EV]1 IS NO LONG] RE/RICT$ TO ! 
POLITICAL AMBITIONS ( NEW ORGANIZATIONS BUT IS FO/]$ BY ALL ACTIVE POLITICAL =CES4 
,9 ORD] TO COMPETE 9T]NALLY AGA9/ FASCI/ & ,BOL%EVIK T5D5CIES1 ! PREVAIL+ 
ORGANIZATIONS MU/1 !MSELVES1 ADAPT TOTALIT>IAN ME?ODS4 ,BECAUSE ALL 9T]NAL /RUGGLES 
REFLECT IMP]IALI/IC RIVALRIES1 W>-PREP>ATIONS PU% SOCIETY /ILL FUR!R T[>DS 
TOTALIT>IANISM4 ,BECAUSE ! /ATE CONTROLS MORE & MORE ( ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC 
ACTIVITIES1 ! DEF5SE ( PRIVATE & MONOPOLI/IC 9T]E/S REQUIRES ! /R5G!N+ 
( !IR [N C5TRALI/IC 9CL9ATIONS4 ,9 BRIEF1 ! SOCIAL =CES ?AT W]E RELEAS$ 9 
TWO WORLD W>S & ?AT >E ATTEMPT+ TO F9D SOLUTIONS )9 ! /ATUS QUO1 ALL T5D 
TO SUPPORT & TO DEVELOP A TOTALIT>IAN CAPITALISM4 

,UND] !SE CONDITIONS1 A REVIVAL ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T AS 
IT HAS BE5 KN[N 9 ! PA/ & AS IT /ILL EXI/S 9 EMASCULAT$ =M 9 SOME C\NTRIES 
IS CLE>LY \T ( ! QUE/ION4 ,ALL SUCCESSFUL MOVEM5TS1 UND] :ATEV] NAME1 WILL TRY TO 
ADH]E TO AU?ORIT>IAN PR9CIPLES4 ,:E!R SOCIAL CONTROL IS EX]CIS$ 9 ! =M ( 
/ATE-MONOPOLI/IC ALLIANCES1 FASCISM OR P>TY-CAPITALISM ! DEGREE ( P[] 9 ! H&S 
( ! CONTROLL]S SIGNIFIES ! 5D ( LAISSEZ-FAIRE & ! EXT5SION ( TOTALIT>IAN 
CAPITALISM4 ,( C\RSE1 IT IS IMPROBABLE ?AT CAPITALISM WILL EV] REA* AN ABSOLUTE 
TOTALIT>IAN =M2 IT HAD NEV] BE5 A LAISSEZ-FAIRE SY/EM 9 ! FULL S5SE ( ! T]M4 
,ALL ?AT !SE 'LABELS' DESIGNATE >E ! DOM9ANT PRACTICES )9 A V>IETY ( SOCIAL 
PRACTICES & DIFF]5TIATIONS 9 ORGANIZATION 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! RUL+ PRACTICE4 ,IT 
IS CLE>1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! NEW P[]S ( ! /ATE1 HI<LY-CONC5TRAT$ CAPITALISM1 
MOD]N TE*NOLOGY1 ! CONTROL ( ! WORLD ECONOMY1 ! P]IOD ( IMP]IALI/IC W>S & 
SO =? MAKE NECESS>Y = ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! CAPITALI/IC /ATUS QUO A SOCIAL 
ORGANIZATION )\T OPPOSITION1 A COMPREH5SIVE C5TRALI/IC CONTROL ( ! 
SOCIALLY-EFFECTIVE ACTIVITIES ( M54 

,IF ! 5D ( ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T MADE ! QUE/ION ( 
ORGANIZATION & SPONTANEITY MEAN+LESS1 AS SE5 BY ?IS MOVEM5T & DEALT ) 9 ITS 
CONTROV]SIES1 ! QUE/ION MAY /ILL BE MEAN+FUL 9 A WID] S5SE QUITE AP>T FROM ! 
SPECIFIC PROBLEMS ( WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATIONS ( ! PA/4 ,LIKE REVOLUTION>Y 
\TBUR/S1 CRISES & W>S ALSO HAVE TO BE CONSID]$ AS SPONTANE\S OCCURR5CES4 ,MORE 
9=MATION EXI/S & GREAT] EXP]I5CE HAS BE5 ACCUMULAT$ ) REG>D TO CRISES & 
W>S1 H[EV]1 ?AN ) REG>D TO REVOLUTION4 

,9 CAPITALISM1 ! ORD]+ ( SOCIETY'S FUNDAM5TAL 
REQUIREM5TS REG>D+ PRODUCTION & ! PROPORTION+ ( SOCIAL LABOR T[>DS ! 
SATISFACTION ( SOCIAL NE$S IS L>GELY LEFT TO ! AUTOMATISM ( ! M>KET4 ,MONOPOLI/IC 
PRACTICES DISRUPT ! ME*ANISM1 BUT EV5 )\T SU* 9T]F]5CES ?IS =M ( 
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PRACTICE CAN S]VE ONLY ! PECULI> 'SOCIAL' NE$S ( CAPITALISM4 ,! K9D 
( 9DIRECT RELATION BETWE5 SUPPLY & DEM& E/ABLI%$ BY ! M>KET AUTOMATISM REF]S 
TO1 & IS DET]M9$ BY1 ! PR(ITABILITY ( CAPITAL & ITS ACCUMULATION4 ,! CONSCI\S 
'ORD]+' ASPECTS ( ! MONOPOLIES1 CONC]N$ AS !Y >E ) !IR [N SPECIAL 
9T]E/S ONLY1 9CREASE ! IRRATIONALITY ( ! SY/EM AS A :OLE4 ,EV5 
/ATE-CAPITALI/IC PLANN+ FIR/ ( ALL S]VES ! P>TICUL> NE$S & ! SECURITY ( 
ITS RUL+ & PRIVILEG$ GR\PS1 NOT ! REAL NE$S ( SOCIETY4 ,BECAUSE ! ACTIONS ( 
CAPITALI/S >E DET]M9$ BY PR(IT REQUIREM5TS & BY SPECIAL1 NOT SOCIAL 9T]E/S1 
! ACTUAL RESULTS ( !IR DECISIONS MAY DIFF] FROM !IR EXPECTATIONS2 ! SOCIAL 
RESULT ( V>I\S DECISIONS1 9DIVIDUALI/ICALLY-DET]M9$1 MAY DI/URB SOCIAL /ABILITY 
& DEFEAT ! 9T5TIONS BEH9D SU* DECISIONS4 ,ONLY SOME1 NOT ALL1 SOCIAL CONSEQU5CES 
( 9DIVIDUALI/IC ACTIONS >E KN[N 9 ADVANCE4 ,PRIVATE 9T]E/S =BID A SOCIAL 
ORGANIZATION :I* C\LD PROVIDE A REASONABLE C]TA9TY AB\T ! MA9 CONSEQU5CES ( ITS 
ACTIONS4 ,?IS IMPLIES A SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T ( GR[+ FRICTIONS1 DISPROPORTIONALITIES1 
PO/PON$ RE-ORGANIZATIONS LEAD+ TO VIOL5T CLA%ES BETWE5 OLD & NEW 9T]E/S1 TO 
CRISES & DEPRESSIONS :I* SEEM TO BE SPONTANE\S OCCURR5CES BECAUSE ( ! LACK ( 
ORGANIZATION TO DEAL ) SOCIETY FROM A SOCIAL1 NON-CLASS PO9T ( VIEW4 

,!RE IS NO POSSIBILITY )9 ! /ATUS QUO ( ORGANIZ+ 
SOCIAL ACTIVITIES 9 ! 9T]E/S ( SOCIETY AS A :OLE4 ,NEW ORGANIZATIONS >E ONLY 
EXPRESSIONS ( %IFT+ CLASS POSITIONS & LEAVE ! BASIC CLASS RELATION%IP UNAFFECT$4 
,OLD RUL+ M9ORITIES >E REPLAC$ BY NEW RUL+ M9ORITIES1 ! PROLET>IAN CLASS IS 
BROK5 UP 9TO V>I\S /ATUS GR\PS1 LAY]S ( ! MIDDLE-CLASS DISAPPE>1 O!RS RISE TO 
GREAT] 9FLU5CE4 ,S9CE ALL SOCIAL PRACTICAL1 CONCRETE ACTIVITY1 IF IT IS SOCIAL AT ALL1 
IS SOCIAL ONLY 9 EFFECT & NOT BY DESIGN -- BY 'ACCID5T' SO TO SPEAK -- !RE EXI/S NO 
=CE 9 SOCIETY :OSE [N CONT9U\S GR[? DELIMITS ! SOCIAL 'AN>*Y' & DEVELOPS A 
MORE COMPLETE AW>5ESS ( SOCIAL NECESSITIES & OPPORTUNITIES1 :I* C\LD LEAD TO 
SOCIAL SELF-DET]M9ATION & TO A TRULY SOCIAL SOCIETY4 ,9 A WAY1 !N1 IT IS ! NUMB] 
& V>IETY ( ORGANIZATIONS 9 CAPITALISM :I* PREV5T ! ORGANIZ+ ( SOCIETY4 ,?IS 
MEANS ?AT NOT ONLY MU/ ALL UNCO-ORD9AT$ & CONTRADICTORY ACTIVITIES RESULT 9 
EXPECT$ OR UNEXPECT$ CRISES1 BUT ALSO ?AT ! ACTIVITIES ( ALL PEOPLE1 ORGANIZ$ AS 
WELL AS UNORGANIZ$1 >E MORE OR LESS 'RESPONSIBLE' = SPONTANE\S \TBUR/S 9 ! =M 
( CRISIS OR W>4 

,!RE IS NO WAY1 H[EV]1 TO RETRACE 9 ALL ITS IMPORTANT 
DETAILS ! PROCESS ?AT L$ TO CRISIS OR W>1 & ?US EXPLA91 AFT] ! FACT1 :AT 
P>TICUL> ACTIVITIES & !IR >RANGEM5TS )9 ! DEVELOPM5TAL PROCESSES DET]M9$ 
! CATA/ROPHE4 ,IT IS EASI]1 & = CAPITALI/IC PURPOSES SUFFICI5T1 >BITR>ILY TO 
SELECT A />T+ PO9T1 SU* AS ?AT ! W> L$ TO CRISIS & ! CRISIS TO W>1 OR LESS 
SOPHI/ICAT$LY1 TO PO9T TO ,HITL]'S IDIOSYNCRASIES OR TO ,ROOSEVELT'S HUNG] = 
IMMORTALITY4 ,W>S APPE> BO? AS SPONTANE\S \TBUR/S & AS ORGANIZ$ 5T]PRISES4 ,! 
BLAME = !IR \TBREAK IS LAID AT ! DOOR/EPS ( P>TICUL> NATIONS1 GOV]NM5TS1 
PRESSURE GR\PS1 MONOPOLIES1 C>TELS & TRU/S4 ,YET1 TO PUT ! 5TIRE BLAME ON SPECIFIC 
ORGANIZATIONS & P>TICUL> POLICIES = CRISES & W>S MEANS TO OV]LOOK ! REAL 
PROBLEM H]E 9VOLV$ & 9DICATES AN 9ABILITY TO MEET IT EFFECTIVELY4 ,TO PO9T TO ! 
ORGANIZATIONAL ELEM5TS 9VOLV$ )\T /RESS+ !IR LIMITATIONS )9 ! 'AN>*IC' 
TOTAL SOCIAL SETT+ PROMULGATES ! ILLUSION ?AT POSSIBLY 'O!R ORGANIZATIONS' & 
'O!R POLICIES' C\LD HAVE PREV5T$ SU* SOCIAL CATA/ROPHES EV5 )9 ! /ATUS QUO4 
,! /ATUS QUO1 H[EV]1 IS ONLY ANO!R T]M = CRISES & W>S4 

,!RE WAS1 TO BE SURE1 SOME K9D ( 'ORD]' OBS]VABLE 9 
CAPITALISM & A DEF9ITE DEVELOPM5TAL TR5D BAS$ ON ?IS 'ORD]'4 ,IT WAS PROVID$ = 
BY ! GR[+ PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR4 ,9CREAS$ PRODUCTIVITY1 />T+ 9 ONE OR MORE 
SPH]ES ( PRODUCTION1 L$ TO A G5]AL MODIFICATION ( ! PRODUCTIVE LEVEL ( SOCIETY 
& TO CONSEQU5T ALT]ATIONS 9 ALL SOCIO-ECONOMIC RELATION%IPS4 ,! *ANGES W]E 
REFLECT$ 9 ALT]$ POLITICAL RELATIONS & L$ 9TO A *ANG$ RELATION%IP1 LESS OR MORE 
CONTRADICTORY1 BETWE5 ! CLASS /RUCTURE & ! PRODUCTIVE =CES ( SOCIETY4 

,:AT >E ! =CES ( PRODUCTION4 ,OBVI\SLY1 LABOR1 
TE*NOLOGY1 & ORGANIZATION2 LESS OBVI\SLY1 CLASS FRICTIONS & !RE=E IDEOLOGIES4 ,9 
O!R WORDS1 PRODUCTIVE =CES >E HUMAN ACTIONS1 NOT SOME?+ SEP>ATE ?AT DET]M9ES 
HUMAN ACTIONS4 ,!RE=E1 A PREVI\S L9E ( DEVELOPM5T NE$ NOT NECESS>ILY BE FOLL[$4 
,SOCIAL SITUATIONS MAY BE >RE/$ OR CONDITIONS MAY BE CREAT$ ?AT DE/ROY :AT HAS 
PREVI\SLY BE5 BUILT4 ,BUT IF ! 'SOCIAL GOAL' W]E ! EXT5SION & CONT9UATION ( A 
PREVI\S DEVELOPM5TAL T5D5CY1 HI/ORY MI<T 9DE$ BE ! /ORY ( 'SOCIAL PROGRESS' 
?R\< ! UNFOLD+ ( ITS PRODUCTIVE CAPACITIES4 

,?AT CAPITALISM CAME 9TO BE+ PRESUPPOS$ A C]TA9 GR[? 
( ! SOCIAL PRODUCTIVE =CES1 AN 9CREASE 9 SURPLUS LABOR & ! CAPACITY TO SUPPORT 
A GR[+ NON-PRODUC+ CLASS4 ,TO SPEAK 9 T]MS ( 'GR[+ PRODUCTIVE =CES' AS ! 
DET]M9ANT ( ! TOTAL SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T WAS P>TICUL>LY APT UND] ! 
COMMODITY-FETI%ISM ( LAISSEZ-FAIRE CAPITALISM1 = UND] ITS ECONOMIC 9DIVIDUALISM IT 
SEEM$ AS IF 'PRODUCTIVE =CES' DEVELOP$ 9DEP5D5TLY ( CAPITALI/IC WI%ES & 
NECESSITIES4 ,! 9SATIABILITY = ACCUMULATION DEVELOP$ ) PRODUCTIVE =CES RAPIDLY 
& !IR 5HANCEM5T ALL[$ = CONT9U\S RE-ORGANIZATION ( ! SOCIO-ECONOMIC 
/RUCTURE1 &1 9 TURN1 ! RE-ORGANIZATIONS ACT$ AS NEW 9C5TIVES = A FUR!R 
RAIS+ ( SOCIAL PRODUCTIVITY4 ,IT WAS SAID ?AT CAPITALISM1 HI/ORICALLY SPEAK+1 HAD 
JU/IFI$ ITSELF BECAUSE ( ITS 'BL9D' BUT PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE 
=CES ( SOCIETY1 AMONG :I* ! MOD]N 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT WAS CONSID]$ ! 
GREATE/4 

,IF IT %\LD APPE> ?AT A FULL RELEASE ( SOCIETY'S 
PRODUCTIVE CAPACITIES W\LD MAKE POSSIBLE ! =MATION & MA9T5ANCE ( A CLASSLESS 
SOCIETY1 IT IS P]FECTLY CLE> ?AT ! IMM$IATELY PRIVILEG$ CLASSES WILL NOT GIVE UP 
!IR PRES5T-DAY CONTROL JU/ BECAUSE ( ! PROBABILITY ( A FUTURE SOCIALI/ SOCIETY4 
,AT ANY RATE1 ON SU* AN ISSUE ! [N]S & CONTROLL]S ( PRODUCTION CANNOT ACT AS A 
'CLASS'2 A 'REVOLUTION BY CONS5T' IS NONS5SE4 ,ACCUMULATION = ! SAKE ( ACCUMULATION 
CONT9UES & LEADS TO FUR!R CAPITAL & P[] CONC5TRATION1 ?AT IS1 TO CAPITAL 
DE/RUCTION1 TO CRISES1 DEPRESSIONS & W>S4 ,= CAPITALISM SIMULTANE\SLY DEVELOPS & 
RET>DS ! PRODUCTIVE =CES & WID5S ! GAP BETWE5 ACTUAL & POT5TIAL PRODUCTION4 
,! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 CLASS /RUCTURE & PRODUCTIVE =CES EXCLUDES ! 'FREEZ+' ( 
! PREVAIL+ LEVEL ( PRODUCTION AS WELL AS ITS EXPANSION T[>D A REAL ABUNDANCE4 

,IF = NO O!R REASON ?AN =CE ( CU/OM IT APPE>S 
PROBABLE ?AT ! IMM$IATE FUTURE1 LIKE ! IMM$IATE PA/1 WILL BE *>ACT]IZ$ BY 
FUR!R GR[? ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES4 ,?IS IMPLIES ! %>P5+ ( COMPETITION1 
DESPITE ALL ATTEMPTS AT P>TIAL OR COMPLETE CONTROL ( PRODUCTION4 ,AL?\< L>G] 
CAPITALI/IC UNITS HAVE ABSORB$ NUM]\S SMALL] 5T]PRISES & SECUR$ TEMPOR>Y 
MONOPOLI/IC CONDITIONS = ! :OLE 9DU/RIES & COMB9ATIONS ( 9DU/RIES1 ?IS 
PROCESS HAS M]ELY 9T5SIFI$ 9T]NATIONAL COMPETITION & ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! 
REMA9+ NON-MONOPOLI/IC 5T]PRISES4 ,9 /ATE-CAPITALISM COMPETITION TAKES ON A 
DIFF]5T BUT MO/ ALL-9CLUSIVE =M1 BECAUSE ( ! COMPLETE ATOMIZATION BY ! 
T]RORI/IC /ATE MA*9E ( ! MASS ( ! POPULATION & 9 ! BUREAUCRACY ITSELF 
BECAUSE ( ! HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURE ( ITS ORGANIZATION4 

,! APPLICATION ( NEW TE*NOLOGICAL & ORGANIZATIONAL 
=CES ( PRODUCTION NECESSITATES ADDITIONAL SOCIAL CONTROLS4 ,! DISORGANIZATION ( ! 
PROLET>IAT M>KS ! BEG9N+ ( ! PROCESS ?AT LEADS TO ! TOTAL ATOMIZATION ( ! 
:OLE POPULATION & TO ! /ATE MONOPOLY ( ORGANIZATION4 ,AT ONE POLE WE F9D ALL 
ORGANIZ$ =CE CONC5TRAT$2 AT ! O!R POLE1 AN AMORPH\S MASS ( PEOPLE UNABLE TO 
COMB9E = A FI<T 9 !IR [N 9T]E/S4 ,9 SO F> AS !Y >E ORGANIZ$1 ! MASSES 
>E ORGANIZ$ BY !IR CONTROLL]S2 9 SO F> AS !Y >E ABLE TO RAISE !IR VOICES1 !Y 
SPEAK ) !IR MA/]S' WORDS4 ,9 ALL ORGANIZATIONS1 ! ATOMIZ$ MASS ( PEOPLE FACE 
ALWAYS ! SAME 5EMY1 ! TOTALIT>IAN /ATE4 

,! ATOMIZATION ( SOCIETY REQUIRES AN ALL-5COMPASS+ /ATE 
ORGANIZATION4 ,! SOCIALI/S & ,BOL%EVIKS CONSID]$ CAPITALI/ SOCIETY 9EFFICI5TLY 
ORGANIZ$ ) REG>D TO PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE & 9 O!R1 EXTRA-ECONOMIC RESPECTS4 
,! EMPHASIS ON ORGANIZATION WAS EMPHASIS ON SOCIAL CONTROL4 ,SOCIALISM WAS TO BE FIR/ ( 
ALL ! RATIONAL ORGANIZATION ( ! :OLE ( SOCIETY4 ,& AN EFFICI5TLY ORGANIZ$ 
SOCIETY EXCLUDES1 ( C\RSE1 UN=ESE5 ACTIVITIES CAPABLE ( ISSU+ 9TO SPONTANE\S 
OCCURR5CES4 ,! SPONTANE\S ELEM5T 9 SOCIETY WAS TO DISAPPE> ) ! PLANN+ ( 
PRODUCTION & ! C5TRALI/ICALLY-DET]M9$ DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS4 ,NOT ONLY ! 
,BOL%EVIKS1 BUT ! FASCI/S1 TOO1 SPOKE ( SPONTANEITY ONLY SO LONG AS !IR P[] WAS 
NOT ABSOLUTE4 ,:5 ALL EXI/+ SOCIAL LAY]S SUBMITT$ TO !IR AU?ORITY1 !Y BECAME 
SOCIETY'S MO/ ?OR\< ORGANIZ]S4 ,& IT WAS PRECISELY ?IS ORGANIZ+ ACTIVITY ?AT 
!Y DESIGNAT$ ) ! T]M SOCIALISM4 

,! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 CLASS /RUCTURE & PRODUCTIVE 
=CES REMA9S1 H[EV]1 & !RE) ! 9ESCAPABILITY ( CRISIS & W>4 ,AL?\< ! 
9ACTIVAT$ MASSES CAN NO LONG] RESI/ TOTALIT>IANISM 9 TRADITIONAL ORGANIZ$ FA%ION1 
& AL?\< !Y HAVE NOT EVOLV$ NEW WEAPONS & =MS ( ACTION ADEQUATE TO ! NEW 
TASKS1 ! CONTRADICTIONS ( ! SOCIAL CLASS /RUCTURE REMA9 UNRESOLV$4 ,:ILE GIV+ 
TEMPOR>Y SECURITY1 ! T]RORI/IC AU?ORIT>IAN SY/EM ALSO REFLECTS ! 9CREAS+ 
9SECURITY ( TOTALIT>IAN CAPITALISM4 ,! DEF5SE ( ! /ATUS QUO VIOLATES ! /ATUS 
QUO BY RELEAS+ NEW1 UNCONTROLL$1 OR UNCONTROLLABLE ACTIVITIES4 ,! MO/ P[]FUL 
CONTROLS OV] M5 >E REALLY WEAK :5 COMP>$ ) ! TREM5D\S CONTRADICTIONS ?AT 
R5D ! WORLD TODAY4 ,?\< ALL CONTRADICTIONS N[ OPPOSE ONE ORGANIZATION1 CAPITALI/ 
SOCIETY WAS NEV] SO BADLY ORGANIZ$ AS IT IS N[ :5 IT IS COMPLETELY ORGANIZ$4 

,IF !RE IS NO GU>ANTEE ?AT SOCIALISM MU/ NECESS>ILY 
EVOLVE 9 ! C\RSE ( FUR!R SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T1 NEI!R IS !RE ANY REASON TO ASSUME 
?AT ! WORLD WILL COME TO AN 5D 9 TOTALIT>IAN B>B>ISM4 ,! ORGANIZATION ( ! 
/ATUS QUO CANNOT PREV5T ITS DIS9TEGRATION4 ,AS !RE IS NO ABSOLUTE TOTALIT>IANISM1 
OP5+S = ATTACK REMA9 )9 ITS /RUCTURE4 ,! REAL SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE ( ITS 
NOTICEABLE WEAKNESSES IS /ILL OBSCURE4 ,SOME PO9TS ( DIS9TEGRATION1 AL?\< 
!ORETICALLY CONCEIVABLE1 >E /ILL UNOBS]VABLE & CAN BE DESCRIB$ ONLY 9 V]Y 
G5]AL T]MS4 ,JU/ AS ! MOD]N CLASS-/RUGGLE !ORY REQUIR$ = ITS =MULATION NOT 
ONLY ! CAPITALI/IC DEVELOPM5T BUT ALSO ! ACTUAL PROLET>IAN /RUGGLES )9 ! 
CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 SO IT IS PROBABLY NECESS>Y FIR/ TO OBS]VE ACTUAL ATTEMPTS AT 
REVOLT UND] TOTALIT>IANISM 9 ORD] TO BE ABLE TO =MULATE SPECIFIC PLANS ( ACTION1 TO 
PO9T TO EFFECTIVE =MS ( RESI/ANCE1 & TO F9D & EXPLOIT ! WEAKNESSES ( ! 
TOTALIT>IAN SY/EM4 

,! APP>5T HOPELESSNESS & 9SIGNIFICANCE *>ACT]I/IC 
( ALL BEG9N+S IS NO REASON = DESPAIR4 ,NEI!R PESSIMISM NOR OPTIMISM T\* ! REAL 
PROBLEM ( SOCIAL ACTIONS4 ,BO? ATTITUDES DO NOT DECISIVELY AFFECT ! 9DIVIDUAL'S 
ACTIONS & REACTIONS1 DET]M9$ AS !Y >E BY SOCIAL =CES BEYOND HIS CONTROL4 ,! 
9T]DEP5D5CE ( ALL SOCIAL ACTIVITY1 :ILE BE+ A M$IUM ( CONTROL1 ALSO SETS LIMITS 
TO ALL CONTROLL+ ACTIVITIES4 ,! LABOR PROCESS1 9 BO? ITS ORGANIZATIONAL & 
TE*NOLOGICAL ASPECTS1 DEP5D+ AS IT DOES SIMULTANE\SLY UPON ANONYM\S =CES & 
DIRECT DECISIONS1 POSSESSES 5\< RELATIVE 9DEP5D5CE ?R\< ITS *ANGEABILITY TO MAKE 
C5TRALI/IC MANIPULATIONS DIFFICULT4 ,! TOTALIT>IAN MANIPULATORS CANNOT FREE !MSELVES 
( SPECIFIC =MS ( ! DIVISION ( LABOR :I* (T5 DELIMIT ! P[]S ( C5TRALI/IC 
CONTROL4 ,!Y CANNOT DEFY DEF9ITE DEGREES ( 9DU/RIALIZATION )\T 5DANG]+ !IR 
[N RULE4 

,RESI/ANCE WILL ?US BE EX]CIS$ 9 MANIFOLD =MS1 SOME 
MEAN+LESS1 SOME SELF-DEFEAT+1 & O!RS EFFECTIVE4 ,:ILE SOME PRES5T-DAY =MS ( 
ACTION MAY BE DISREG>D$1 OLD] =MS MAY BE REVIV$ BECAUSE ( C]TA9 \TW>D 
SIMIL>ITIES 9 ! TOTALIT>IAN /RUCTURE ) =M] AU?ORIT>IAN REGIMES4 ,IF TRADE 
UNION POLICY NO LONG] IMPLIES ACTION 'ON ! PO9T ( PRODUCTION' BUT MANIPULATIONS 
BETWE5 GOV]NM5TAL BODIES1 EFFECTIVE NEW WAYS ( SABOTAGE & /RUGGLE MAY BE F\ND 9 
9DU/RY & 9 PRODUCTION G5]ALLY4 ,IF POLITICAL P>TIES EXPRESS ! TR5D T[>DS 
TOTALIT>IANISM1 A V>IETY ( ORGANIZATIONAL =MS IS /ILL CONCEIVABLE = ASSEMBL+ 
ANTI-CAPITALI/IC =CES = CONC]T$ ACTIONS4 ,IF SU* ACTIONS >E TO BE ADAPT$ TO 
TOTALIT>IAN REALITY AS ATTEMPTS TO OV]COME ?AT REALITY1 /RESS MU/ BE LAID UPON 
SELF-DET]M9ATION1 AGREEM5T1 FRE$OM & SOLID>ITY4 

,! SE>* = WAYS & MEANS TO 5D TOTALIT>IAN CAPITALISM1 
TO BR+ SELF DET]M9ATION TO ! HI!RTO P[]LESS1 TO 5D COMPETITIVE /RUGGLES1 
EXPLOITATION & W>S1 TO DEVELOP A RATIONALITY :I* DOES NOT SET 9DIVIDUALS AGA9/ 
SOCIETY BUT RECOGNIZES !IR ACTUAL 5TITY 9 SOCIAL PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION & 
ALL[S = HUMAN PROGRESS )\T SOCIAL /RUGGLES1 WILL GO ON 9 ! EMPIRICAL1 SCI5TIFIC 
MANN] DICTAT$ BY S]I\SNESS4 ,IT SEEMS CLE>1 H[EV]1 ?AT = SOME TIME TO COME ! 
RESULTS ( ALL TYPES ( RESI/ANCE & /RUGGLE WILL BE DESCRIB$ AS SPONTANE\S 
OCCURR5CES1 ?\< !Y >E NO?+ BUT ! PLANN$ ACTIONS OR ACCEPT$ 9ACTIVITIES ( 
M54 ,SPONTANEITY IS A MANN] ( SPEE*1 ATTE/+ TO \R 9ABILITY TO TREAT ! SOCIAL 
PH5OM5A ( CAPITALISM 9 A SCI5TIFIC1 EMPIRICAL WAY4 ,SOCIAL *ANGES APPE> AS CLIMACTIC 
\TBUR/S ( P]IODS ( CAPITAL =MATION1 DISORGANIZATION1 COMPETITIVE FRICTIONS & 
LONG-ACCUMULAT$ SOCIAL GRIEVANCES ?AT F9ALLY F9D !IR ORGANIZATIONAL EXPRESSION4 
,!IR SPONTANEITY M]ELY DEMON/RATES ! UNSOCIALITY ( CAPITALISM'S SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4 
,! CONTRA/ BETWE5 ORGANIZATION & SPONTANEITY WILL EXI/ AS LONG AS !RE EXI/S A 
CLASS SOCIETY & ATTEMPTS TO 5D IT4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #b1 #bba 3 ,SPONTANEITY & ,ORGANISATION -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,SPONTANEITY & ,ORGANISATION -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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