,9TRODUCTION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

      ,9 ONE ( ,$G> ,ALL5 ,PE'S TALES HE REC\NTS H[ A LITTLE GR\P ( WRECK$ 
      SEAF>]S ON A WAT] LOGG$ VESSEL1 AT ! LA/ EXTREMITY ( />VATION1 >E 
      SUDD5LY MADE DELIRI\S ) JOY AT SEE+ A SAIL APPROA*+ !M4 ,AS %E CAME 
      NE> !M %E SEEM$ TO BE MANAG$ /RANGELY & UNSEAMANLY AS ?\< %E W]E 
      SC>CELY /E]$ AT ALL1 BUT COME NE> %E DID1 & !IR JOY WAS TOO GREAT = 
      !M TO ?9K MU* ( ?IS ANOMALY4 ,AT LA/ !Y SAW ! SEAM5 ON BO>D ( H]1 
      & NOT$ ONE 9 ! B[S ESPECIALLY :O SEEM$ TO BE LOOK+ AT !M ) GREAT 
      CURIOSITY1 NODD+ ALSO AS ?\< 5C\RAG+ !M TO HAVE PATI5CE1 & SMIL+ AT 
      !M CON/ANTLY1 %[+ AS HE DID SO A SET ( V]Y :ITE TEE?1 & APP>5TLY SO 
      ANXI\S = !IR SAFETY ?AT HE DID NOT NOTICE ?AT ! R$ CAP ?AT HE HAD ON HIS 
      HEAD WAS FALL+ 9TO ! WAT]4 
     
     

      ,ALL ( A SUDD51 AS ! VESSEL NE>$ !M1 & :ILE !IR HE>TS W]E LEAP+ 
      ) JOY AT !IR N[ C]TA9 DELIV]ANCE1 AN 9CONCEIVABLE & HORRIBLE /5* WAS 
      WAFT$ TO !M ACROSS ! WAT]S1 & PRES5TLY TO !IR HORROR & MIS]Y !Y SAW 
      ?AT ?IS WAS A %IP ( ! DEAD1 ! B[+ MAN WAS A TOTT]+ CORPSE1 HIS R$ 
      CAP A PIECE ( HIS FLE% TORN FROM HIM BY A SEA F[L2 HIS AMICABLE SMILE WAS CAUS$ 
      BY HIS JAWS1 D5UD$ ( ! FLE%1 %[+ HIS :ITE TEE? SET 9 A P]PETUAL GR94 
      ,SO PASS$ ! %IP ( ! DEAD 9TO ! L&LESS OCEAN1 LEAV+ ! POOR WRET*ES 
      TO !IR DESPAIR4 
     
     

      ,TO US ,SOCIALI/S ?IS ,%IP ( ! ,DEAD IS AN IMAGE ( ! CIVILIZATION ( \R 
      EPO*1 AS ! CA/ AWAY M>9]S >E ( ! HOPES ( ! HUMANITY 5TANGL$ 9 IT4 
      ,! *E]FULLY B[+ MAN1 :OSE SIGNS ( 5C\RAGEM5T & GOOD FEEL+ TURN \T 
      TO BE ! RESULTS ( DEA? & CORRUPTION1 WELL BETOK5S TO US ! MU* BE PRAIS$ 
      PHILAN?ROPY ( ! RI* & REF9$ CLASSES ( \R ,SOCIETY1 :I* IS BORN ( ! 
      MIS]Y NECESS>Y TO !IR V]Y EXI/5CE4 ,H[ DO PEOPLE NOTE EAG]LY1 LIKE ,>?UR 
      ,GORDON ,PYM & HIS LUCKLESS FELL[S1 ! BEAUTIFUL HOPE ( ! S(T5+ ( LIFE BY 
      ! CULTIVATION ( GOOD FEEL+1 K9DNESS1 & GRATITUDE BETWE5 RI* & POOR1 
      ) ITS EXT]NAL MANIFE/ATIONS2 ITS MISSION>Y 5T]PRISES AT HOME & ABROAD 
      HOSPITALS1 *UR*ES1 REFUGES1 & ! LIKE2 ITS H>D WORK+ CL]GY DWELL+ AMID 
      ! WRET*$ HOMES ( ?OSE :OSE S\LS !Y >E SAV+2 ITS ELEGANT & 
      5?USIA/IC LADIES SOMETIMES VISIT+ !M2 ITS DIGNIFI$1 CULTIVAT$ G5TLEM5 
      FROM ! UNIV]SITIES SPREAD+ ! 9FLU5CES ( A REF9$ HOME 9 EV]Y DULL HALF 
      />V$ P>I% 9 ,5GL&2 ! ?\<TFUL S]IES ( LECTURES ON ?AT VIRTUE ( 
      ?RIFT :I* ! POOR CAN SC>CELY FAIL TO PRACTICE EV5 UNPREA*$ TO2 ITS 
      9CREAS+ S5SE ( ! VALUE ( MORAL PURITY AMONG ?OSE :OSE SURR\ND+S =BID 
      !M TO UND]/& EV5 ! MEAN+ ( PHYSICAL PURITY2 ITS SC5T ( 9DEC5CY 9 
      ,LIT]ATURE & ,>T1 :I* W\LD PREV5T ! PUBLICATION ( ANY BOOK WRITT5 \T ( 
      ,5GL& OR BE=E ! MIDDLE ( ! #a#i? C5TURY1 & W\LD R$UCE PA9T+ & 
      SCULPTURE TO ! PRODUCTION ( PETTICOAT$ DOLLS )\T BODIES4 ,ALL ?IS1 :I* 
      SEEMS SO REF9$ & HUMANE1 IS BUT ! EFFECT ( ! DI/ANT VIEW ( ! FLE%LESS 
      GR9N+ SKULL ( CIVILIZATION SEEM+ TO (F] AN ESCAPE TO ! HELPLESS 
      CA/AWAYS1 BUT DE/9$ ON ITS NE>] APPROA* TO SUFFOCATE !M ) ! /5* ( 
      ITS CORRUPTION1 & !N TO VANI% AIMLESSLY 9TO ! VOID1 LEAV+ !M WELT]+ 
      ON ! OCEAN ( LIFE :I* ITS FALSE HOPE HAS R5D]$ MORE DREADFUL ?AN BE=E4 
     
     

      ,LET US !N GO ?R\< SOME ( ! =MS ?R\< :I* ?IS UNIV]SAL HYPOCRISY ( 
      MOD]N SOCIETY1 :I* IS ITS SPECIAL *>ACT]I/IC1 MANIFE/S ITSELF4 ,\R PRES5T 
      FAMILY ( BLOOD RELATION%IP1 BAS$ ON ASSUM$ ABSOLUTE MONOGAMY1 RECOGNIZES FEEBLE 
      RESPONSIBILITY \TSIDE ITSELF1 & PR(ESSES TO REGULATE ! DEGREES ( AFFECTION 
      TO BE FELT BETWE5 DIFF]5T P]SONS ACCORD+ TO ! AM\NT ( K9%IP BETWE5 
      !M1 SO ?AT1 = 9/ANCE1 ! BRO!RHOOD ( BLOOD W\LD ALMO/ EXT+UI% ! 
      S5SE ( DUTY 9 ?AT O!R BRO!RHOOD ( 9CL9ATION OR ( MUTUAL TA/ES & 
      PURSUITS1 & 9 FACT SC>CE ADMIT ?AT SU* TIES C\LD BE REAL4 ,OR AGA91 9 CASES 
      :51 AS SOMETIMES HAPP5S1 ! %AM BLOOD FAMILY IS BROK5 9TO BY ! ADOPTION ( 
      A /RANGE *ILD1 ! PROCE$+ IS CLOAK$ BY *ANGE ( NAME1 ASSUMPTION ( 
      MY/]Y1 & ABUNDANCE ( UNCONSCI\S C]EMONIAL2 & ALL ?IS TIME1 ?\< 
      D\BTLESS !RE >E PL5TY ( EXAMPLES ( DIS9T]E/$ AFFECTION BETWE5 ! 
      MEMB]S ( A FAMILY1 AS BETWE5 ?OSE \TSIDE ( IT1 YET ! RULE IS1 & \R 
      SATIRI/S >E NEV] TIR$ ( PLAY+ ON ?IS /R+1 ?AT ?\< TO A C]TA9 
      EXT5T ! BOND ( OBLIGATION IS FELT1 IT IS BURD5SOME NONE ! LESS1 & IS 
      UTT]LY P[]LESS TO PREV5T ! WRANGL+ & HATR$ CAUS$ BY ! CLA%+ ( ! 
      DISCORDANT DISPOSITIONS ( P]SONS DOOM$ ALWAYS TO POSE BE=E ! WORLD AS 
      SPECIAL FRI5DS4 ,ANO!R PO9T TO BE NOTIC$ IS ! DIFF]5T WAY 9 :I* FAMILY 
      BONDS >E LOOK$ UPON AMID DIFF]5T NATIONS EV5 9 ! CIRCLE ( MOD]N ,EUROPE4 
      ,9 ,5GL& IT IS TRUE1 AS WE HAVE SAID1 ?AT ALL VIRTUE1 HONOR1 & AFFECTION >E 
      SUPPOS$ TO BE EMBRAC$ )9 ! PALE ( ! FAMILY2 ?IS SUP]/ITION IS BY NO 
      MEANS SO /RONG 9 ,FRANCE3 NEV]!LESS !RE IS A CONV5TIONAL BOND1 !RE1 
      APP>5TLY A SURVIVAL ( ! TYRANNY ( ! CIVIL LAW ( ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE1 ?AT IS 
      MU* /RONG] ?AN ANY FAMILY TIE 9 ,5GL&44 ,! FAMILY C\NCIL IS SUBMITT$ TO 
      BY ALL ,FR5*M5 & ,FR5*WOM5 AS A PIECE ( UNWRITT5 LAW :I* IS 9EXPUGNABLE3 
      A ,FR5*MAN CANNOT M>RY )\T LEAVE ( HIS P>5TS BE=E ! AGE ( TW5TY 
      FIVE2 ! RELATION%IP ( MO!R & *ILD1 :I* ) ALL EXAGG]ATIONS IS MORE OR 
      LESS NATURAL 9 ,5GL&1 IS ALMO/ SAC]DOTAL 9 ,FRANCE1 & IS ILLUM9AT$ BY A 
      CURI\S K9D ( CONV5TIONAL S5TIM5T 9 LIT]ATURE1 :I* SOMETIMES FAIRLY 
      DEGRADES = ! TIME EV5 ! GREATE/ AU?ORS 9TO ! RANK ( TWADDL]S4 ,WE DO 
      NOT SAY ?AT A C]TA9 AM\NT ( S5TIM5T BR$ BY ! FAMILY SY/EM IS NOT G5U9E 
      IT IS REASONABLE TO FEEL T5D]NESS = ! P]SONS :O HAVE TAK5 ! PA9S & 
      TR\BLE ( *]I%+ US 9 \R HELPLESSNESS1 & TO WI% TO PAY !M BACK ) 
      SOME LITTLE K9DNESS :5 WE NO LONG] NE$ ?AT C>E1 EV5 :5 TIME HAS %[N US 
      TO HAVE NO SPECIAL SYMPA?Y = !M3 NOT UNREASONABLE TOO TO LOOK ) SOME 
      SPECIAL S5TIM5T ON BRO!RS & SI/]S1 EV5 :5 MANHOOD HAS DRIFT$ !M AWAY 
      FROM \R LIVES & !IR ASPIRATIONS1 S9CE 9 YE>S PA/ WE W]E LIV+ ) !M 
      9 SU* FAMILI>ITY :5 !Y & WE W]E 9NOC5T & UNDEVELOP$4 ,BUT :AT 
      RELATION DOES ?IS LI<T & EASY YOKE ( S5TIM5T BE> TO ! IRON *A9 ( 
      CONV5TIONAL %AM DUTY :I* ALL ( US1 EV5 ! BOLDE/1 >E OPPRESS$ BY SO 
      SORELY3 A *A9 TOO ?AT IS BROK5 AMID V>I\S CIRCUM/ANCES ( REAL & 
      CONV5TIONAL DISGRACE :5EV] NECESSITY1 AS TO DAY UND]/OOD1 ?AT IS1 COMM]CIAL 
      NECESSITY1 COMPELS IT8 ,9 %ORT1 ! FAMILY PR(ESSES TO EXI/ AS AF=D+ US A 
      HAV5 ( CALM & RE/FUL AFFECTION & ! HUMANIZ+ 9FLU5CES ( MUTUAL HELP 
      & CONSID]ATION1 BUT IT IGNORES QUIETLY ITS REAL REASON = EXI/5CE1 ITS REAL 
      AIM1 NAMELY1 PROTECTION = 9DIVIDUALI/ PROP]TY BY MEANS ( 9H]ITANCE1 & A 
      NUCLEUS = RESI/ANCE TO ! \TSIDE WORLD1 :E!R ?AT TAKE ! =M ( O!R 
      FAMILIES OR ! PUBLIC WEAL1 SU* AS IT MAY BE4 
     
     

      ,BUT ?IS %[S AFT] ALL BUT ! BE/ SIDE ( ! MOD]N CONV5TIONAL FAMILY1 AS IT 
      WORKS 9 ! MIDDLE CLASSES4 ,9 ! L[] CLASSES1 :]E ! FAMILY ( 
      BLOOD-RELATION%IP MI<T AF=D SOME REAL PROTECTION & HELP TO ITS MEMB]S1 IT IS 
      COMPLETELY BROK5 UP BY ! ACTION ( ! FACTORY SY/EM1 UND] :I* FA!R1 
      MO!R1 BRO!RS1 SI/]S1 HUSB&1 & WIFE1 COMPETE AGA9/ EA* O!R 9 ! 
      LABOR M>KET1 ! 5D ( :I* IS TO PROVIDE A PR(IT = ! CAPITALI/ EMPLOY]2 
      & ?IS 0FAMILY10 :I* AS N[ CON/ITUT$ EXI/S = MIDDLE CLASS NE$S1 BE+ 
      USELESS TO ! WORK+ CLASSES1 !Y HAVE NO?+ TO TURN TO TO SUPPLY ! LACK ( 
      A TRUE SOCIAL UNIT4 
     
     

      ,TO MO/ M5 IT WILL BE MORE OBVI\S ?AT SIMIL> *>GES MAY BE BR\<T AGA9/ ! 
      RELIGION ( MOD]N SOCIETY3 MO/ 9TELLIG5T P]SONS WILL ALL[ ?AT IT MEANS 
      NO?+ MORE ?AN M]E SETS ( NAMES & =MULAS1 TO ONE OR O!R ( :I* EV]Y 
      REPUTABLE MAN IS SUPPOS$ TO BE ATTA*$2 9 ONE OR O!R ( :I* HE WILL BE SURE 
      TO F9D A CONV5TIONAL SOLUTION ( ! GREAT PROBLEM ( ! UNIV]SE1 9CLUD+ \R 
      LIFE & ITS ASPIRATIONS4 ,IF HE FAILS 9 HIS DUTY TO SOCIETY 9 ?IS RESPECT HE 
      SUFF]S ACCORD+LY2 & 9DE$ FEW M5 ( ANY POSITION >E BOLD 5\< TO AV[ 
      ?AT !Y >E \TSIDE ALL SU* SY/EMS ( ECCLESIA/ICISM2 ! V]Y UNOR?ODOX MU/ 
      BELONG TO SOME ACKN[L$G$ P>TY !Y MU/ BE OR?ODOX 9 !IR UNOR?ODOXY4 ,BUT 
      AS A FACT ! GREAT] P>T ( CULTIVAT$ M5 D>E NOT GO SO F> AS ?AT1 & >E 
      CONT5T$ ) LETT+ SOCIETY 9 G5]AL FEEL HAPPY 9 BELIEV+ ?AT !Y 
      SUBSCRIBE TO ! G5]AL GRIMACE ( RELIGION ?AT HAS TAK5 ! PLACE ( ! REAL 
      BELIEF1 NOT AS YET BECOME A SUP]/ITION1 :I* ALL[$ PRACTICE TO BE D$UC$ FROM 
      ITS SOLID DREAM4 
     
     

      ,MEAN:ILE IT IS COMMON1 & ESPECIALLY 9 ! MORE REACTION>Y CIRCLES1 TO F9D M5 
      :O PRIVATELY ADMIT A CYNICISM ?AT TO !IR M9DS RELIEVES !M FROM ANY E?ICAL 
      RESPONSIBILITY1 :ILE 9 PUBLIC !Y KEEP UP ! F>CE ( SUPPORT+ A RELIGION 
      ?AT AT LEA/ PR(ESSES TO HAVE AN E?IC ( ITS [N4 
     
     

      ,YET EV5 N[ IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT A C]TA9 CODE ( MORALITY %\LD BE SUPPOS$ TO 
      EXI/ & TO HAVE SOME RELATION TO ! RELIGION :I*1 BE+ ! CREATION ( 
      ANO!R AGE1 HAS N[ BECOME A %AM4 ,) ?IS %AM MOREOV] ITS ACCOMPANY+ 
      MORALITY IS ALSO /EEP$1 AL?\< IT HAS A USE AS S]V+ = A COV] ( A 
      MORALITY REALLY ! BIR? ( ! PRES5T CONDITION ( ?+S1 & ?IS IS CLUNG TO 
      ) A DET]M9ATION OR EV5 F]OCITY NATURAL 5\<1 S9CE ITS AIM IS ! 
      P]PETUATION ( 9DIVIDUAL PROP]TY 9 WEAL?1 9 WORKMAN1 9 WIFE1 9 *ILD4 
     
     

      ,! SO CALL$ MORALITY ( ! PRES5T AGE IS SIMPLY COMM]CIAL NECESSITY1 
      MASQU]AD+ 9 ! =MS ( ! ,*RI/IAN E?ICS3 = 9/ANCE1 COMM]CIAL HONOR 
      IS M]ELY ! CODE NECESSITAT$ ! BY NE$S ( M5 9 COMM]CIAL RELATIONS :I* 
      )\T IT C\LD NOT SUBSI/1 & :I* HAS AU FOND NO?+ 9 COMMON ) 
      ! ,*RI/IAN 0DO UNTO O!RS AS ?\ W\LD/10 ETC41 MAXIM1 9 ! NAME ( :I* 
      IT IS ON OCCASION 9VOK$4 ,! ONLY CONNECTION ?AT CURR5T COMM]CIAL E?ICS HAS 
      ) ! ,*RI/IAN IS1 AS WE SAID ABOVE1 A PURELY =MAL ONE4 ,! MY/ICAL 
      9DIVIDUALI/ E?ICS ( ,*RI/IANITY1 :I* HAD = ITS SUPREME 5D ANO!R WORLD 
      & SPIRITUAL SALVATION !RE91 HAS BE5 TRANS=M$ 9TO AN 9DIVIDUALI/ E?IC 
      HAV+ = ITS SUPREME 5D 7TACITLY1 IF NOT AV[$LY71 ! MAT]IAL SALVATION ( 
      ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 ! COMM]CIAL BATTLE ( ?IS WORLD4  
      ,?IS IS ILLU/RAT$ BY A PR$OM9ANCE AMONG !  
      COMM]CIAL CLASSES ( A DEBAS$ ,CALV9I/IC !OLOGY1 T]M$ ,EVANGELICALISM1 
      #a :I* IS ! ONLY =M ( RELIGION !SE  
      CLASSES CAN UND]/& ! POETICO MY/ICAL ELEM5T 9 ! E>LI] ,*RI/IANITY  
      BE+ ELIM9AT$ !REFROM1 & ! 0NATURAL LAWS0 ( PR(IT & LOSS1 & !  
      DEVIL TAKE ! H9DMO/1 :I* DOM9ATE ?IS C>NAL WORLD1 BE+ AS NE>LY AS  
      POSSIBLE REPRODUC$ 9TO ! SPIRITUAL WORLD ( ITS CONCEPTION4 
     
     

      ,IT MAY SURPRISE SOME TO BE TOLD ?AT POLITICS %>E ?IS UNREALITY TO ! FULL1 
      S9CE IT IS G5]ALLY SUPPOS$ ?AT DEMOCRACY HAS AT LA/ REALLY TRIUMPH$ & IS 
      N[ 5T]+ 9TO ITS K+DOM4 ,D\BTLESS ! POLITICAL EV5TS ( ?IS C5TURY HAVE 
      CONV9C$ EV]Y ONE ?AT *ANGE 9 ! RELATIONS ( M5 TO EA* O!R IS AT H&2 
      BUT BE=E ?AT *ANGE CAN COME1 IT MU/ BE UND]/OOD ?AT ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! 
      PEOPLE MU/ BE ON O!R L9ES ?AN POLITICIANS N[ DREAM (4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT 
      POLITICAL FRE$OM IS ?\<T TO HAVE BE5 GA9$1 BUT :AT IS ! NATURE ( ! 
      GA98 ,:AT IS ! 5D & AIM ( ?AT POLITICAL FRE$OM :I* ALL P>TIES 9 ! 
      ,/ATE PR(ESS TO BE /RIV+ TO ACCOMPLI%8 ,ONCE MORE IT IS A %AM1 DESIGN$ REALLY 
      TO KEEP ! MASS ( M5 HELPLESS & DIVID$1 SO ?AT !Y MAY /ILL BE ! 
      9/RUM5TS ( ! /RONG & SUCCESSFUL4 ,IT TAKES V>I\S =MS3 = EXAMPLE1 ! 
      L& IS TO BE FRE$ FROM ! LA/ REMA9S ( FEUDALITY & SO BECOME MORE 
      COMPLETELY A M]E PORTION ( PR(IT-BRE$+ CAPITAL1 ?US HELP+ ! MON/R\S 
      AGGREGATION ( RI*ES ?AT IS R$UC+ ALL LIFE TO A MIS]Y4 ,P>5TS & P>SONS 
      >E TO BE FREE TO TEA* *ILDR5 :AT !Y WILL1 ?US DEPRIV+ ! UN=TUNATE 
      CREATURES ( ! MO/ NECESS>Y AIDS TO HUMAN DEVELOPM5T4 ,TRADE & MANUFACTURE 
      >E TO BE FRE$ FROM ALL TRAMMELS1 SO ?AT ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE MAY BE COMPELL$ 
      TO S]VE ! NE$S1 BO? AS PRODUC]S & AS BUY]S1 ( ?OSE :O HAVE BUT ONE 
      OBJECT1 TO SELL AT A PR(IT4 
     
     

      ,= ! SU/A9+ ( ?IS GLORI\S 0FRE$OM10 O!RWISE SPOK5 ( AS ! 0SANCTITY 
      ( CONTRACT10 GOV]NM5T BY P>TY IS A RECOGNIZ$ & EFFECTIVE 9/RUM5T4 ,9 ?IS 
      >RANGEM5T ! MEMB]S ( ,P>LIAM5T >E DIVID$ 9TO TWO SIDES1 MU* AS LADS 
      AB\T TO PLAY A GAME AT FOOTBALL2 ! TWO SIDES DO NOT DIFF] MU* 9 !IR 
      PR9CIPLES1 ?\< !RE IS SOMETIMES A VIOL5T FACTION SQUABBLE AS TO ! AM\NT 
      ( CONCESSION ?AT IT IS SAFE TO GIVE TO OR )HOLD FROM ! DEM&S ( ! 
      PEOPLE3 NOT SELDOM EV5 ?IS DIFF]5CE DOES NOT EXI/ ! LEGISLATION PROPOS$ BY 
      BO? P>TIES IS ALMO/ ID5TICAL1 & SOME SAFE EXCUSE = QU>REL HAS TO BE S\<T 
      = BE=E ! GAME CAN BE PLAY$4 ,?US IS C>RI$ \T ! CR[N+ %AM ( MOD]N 
      POLITICS UND] ! ABSURD TITLE ( ,REPRES5TATIVE ,GOV]NM5T1 & ! NAME ( 
      DEMOCRACY IS US$ TO CLOAK AN OLIG>*Y MORE OR LESS EXT5D$1 :ILE ONCE MORE ALL 
      DEC5T PEOPLE :O MAY PR(ESS AN 9T]E/ 9 POLITICS >E EXPECT$ TO RANGE 
      !MSELVES UND] ONE OR O!R ( ! GREAT POLITICAL P>TIES1 N[ BECOME ALMO/ 
      LESS ?AN M]E NAMES1 ! V]Y %AD[S ( %AD[S4 
     
     

      ,:5 ALL LIFE1 DOME/IC1 RELIGI\S1 MORAL & POLITICAL1 IS ?US FALL5 9TO M]E 
      PRET5SE1 :5 ALL !SE BRAN*ES ( M5'S 5]GY HAVE COME TO PR(ESS+ AIMS 
      :I*1 :5 !Y HAVE ANY1 >E NOT !IR REAL AIMS1 & ON :I* !Y WILL NOT & 
      CANNOT ACT1 :5 !Y DO NOT KN[ :AT !Y REALLY >E & >E BL9D TO !IR REAL 
      DE/9Y1 H[ CAN IT BE POSSIBLE ?AT ,>T1 ! EXPRESSION ( ! LIFE ( SOCIETY1 
      CAN BE O!RWISE ?AN A %AM ALSO8 ,H]E & !RE 9DE$ ! IRREPRESSIBLE G5IUS 
      ( AN 9DIVIDUAL EXPRESSES ITSELF BY D9T ( TOIL & ANXIETY UNDREAM$ ( 9 
      BETT] DAYS1 & PRODUCES WORKS ( >T ?AT >E BEAUTIFUL & P[]FUL1 H[EV] 
      DAMAG$ BY ! S\R+ EFFECTS ( A DESP]ATE /RUGGLE AGA9/ MON/R\S 
      SURR\ND+S1 & BY ! RE/LESSNESS ?AT COMES ( ! OV]-EX]TION EV5 ( GREAT 
      P[]S4 ,BUT O!RWISE ! F9E >TS NO LONG] EXI/ = ! PEOPLE AT 
      L>GE4 ,H[ C\LD !Y8 ,! ONE REALITY ( MOD]N SOCIETY IS 9DU/RIAL 
      SLAV]Y1 F> REA*+ & 9TIMATE1 SUPREME OV] EV]Y MAN'S LIFE1 DOM9AT+ EV]Y 
      ACTION ( IT FROM ! GREATE/ TO ! LEA/2 NO MAN & NO SET ( M5 CAN DO 
      ANY?+ ?AT DOES NOT T5D T[>DS ! SUPPORT ( ?IS SLAV]Y UNLESS !Y ACT AS 
      CONSCI\S REBELS AGA9/ IT4 ,M5 LIV+ UND] SU* CONDITIONS CANNOT PRODUCE SOCIAL 
      >T OR >*ITECTURE 7) ALL ?AT GRASP ( ! DECORATIVE CYCLE ( ! >TS :I* 
      ?AT WORD MEANS1 OR EV5 DESIRE TO DO SO2 !Y HAVE LO/ ALL UND]/&+ ( :AT 
      IT IS 2 ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) ,>T >*ITECTURAL EXCEPT SO 
      F> AS !Y >E COMPELL$ TO PRODUCE ! %AM ( IT ME*ANICALLY AS A TRADE F9I% 
      TO W>ES1 SO AS TO GIVE !M A HI<] M>KETABLE VALUE4 ,SPACE FAILS US H]E TO 
      CONTRA/ ?IS CONDITION ( ?+S ) ?AT ( ! EPO*S ?AT PRODUC$ ,>T1 OR TO 
      %[ ! CONSEQU5CES ( ! DIFF]5CE4 ,SUFFICE IT TO SAY ONCE MORE ?AT1 EXCEPT 
      = ! V]Y FEW WORKS PRODUC$ BY M5 ( EXCEPTIONAL G5IUS1 :I* WORKS ! 
      G5]AL PUBLIC DOES NOT RELI% OR UND]/& 9 ! LEA/1 ,>T IS = ! MO/ P>T 
      DORMANT4 
     
     

      ,9 ?IS BRIEF REVIEW ( ! V>I\S PHASES ( MOD]N LIFE1 ITS FAMILY RELATIONS1 
      MORALITY1 RELIGION1 POLITICS1 & >T1 ! READ] :O HAS NOT YET /UDI$ SOCIALISM 
      MAY SEE NO?+ BUT PESSIMISM4 ,= UNTIL REC5TLY AMONG CULTIVAT$ PEOPLE1 
      5JOY+ :ATEV] ADVANTAGES MAY BE D]IV$ FROM CIVILIZATION1 !RE HAS BE5 AN 
      ALMO/ UNIV]SAL BELIEF1 NOT YET MU* BROK5 9TO1 ?AT MOD]N OR B\RGEOIS 
      CIVILIZATION IS ! F9AL =M ( HUMAN SOCIETY4 ,W]E ?IS ! CASE WE %\LD BE 
      PESSIMI/S 9DE$1 BUT HAPPILY WE KN[ ?AT CIVILIZATION IS ONLY A /AGE 9 ! 
      DEVELOPM5T ( ! HUMAN RACE1 JU/ AS B>B>ISM WAS1 OR ! SAVAG]Y ( ! 
      PROGRESSIVE NATIONS4 ,CIVILIZATION MU/ ( NECESSITY DEVELOP 9TO SOME O!R =M ( 
      SOCIETY1 ! T5D5CIES ( :I* WE CAN SEE1 BUT NOT ! DETAILS2 
      = IT IS N[ BECOM+ CLE> ?AT ?IS NEW /ATE ( SOCIETY CAN ONLY BE REA*$ 
      ?R\< ! GREAT ECONOMIC1 MORAL1 & POLITICAL *ANGE :I* WE CALL ,SOCIALISM2 
      & ! ESS5TIAL F\NDATION ( ?IS IS ! RAIS+ ( ! WORK+ CLASSES TO A 
      PO9T ?AT GORES !M A CONTROL OV] !IR [N LABOR & ITS PRODUCT4 
     
     

      ,9 ORD] ?AT \R READ]S MAY GET A CORRECT VIEW ( ?IS1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO USE 
      ! HI/ORIC ME?OD ?AT IS TO SAY1 TO TRACE ! DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY FROM ITS 
      E>LY TIMES UP TO ! FULL EXPRESSION ( ! COMM]CIAL P]IOD1 :I* HAS CREAT$ 
      & IS N[ CREAT+ SU* A VA/ MASS ( DISCONT5T1 NOT ONLY AMONG ! WORK+ 
      CLASSES :O SUFF] DIRECTLY FROM ! OPPRESSION ?AT IS A NECESS>Y P>T ( IT1 BUT 
      ALSO 9 V>I\S & SOMETIMES DISCORDANT =MS AMONG ! WELL TO DO1 :O ON ! 
      FACE ( ?+S >E B5EFIT$ BY ITS WORK+4 ,WE PROPOSE TO F9I% ! BOOK BY 
      GOR+ \R [N IMPRESSIONS BO? ( ! IMM$IATE ISSUE ( ! PRES5T /IR & 
      COMMOTION 9 SOCIO POLITICAL LIFE1 & ALSO ( :AT MAY BE REASONABLY EXPECT$ FROM 
      ! NEW SOCIETY :5 IT HAS AT LA/ SUPPLANT$ ! EV] 9CREAS+ CONFUSION ( ! 
      PRES5T DAY4 ,ONLY IT MU/ BE PREMIS$ ?AT ?IS LA/ P>T CAN BE NO?+ MORE ?AN 
      ! EXPRESSION ( \R [N 9DIVIDUAL VIEWS1 & ?AT WE DO NOT CLAIM ANY FUR!R 
      WEI<T = IT4 ,AL?\< IT HAS BE5 (T5 ATTEMPT$1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO BUILD UP A 
      S*EME = ! SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE1 = NO MAN CAN REALLY ?9K HIMSELF \T ( 
      HIS [N DAYS2 HIS PALACE ( DAYS TO COME CAN ONLY BE CON/RUCT$ FROM ! 
      ASPIRATIONS =C$ UPON HIM BY HIS PRES5T SURR\ND+S1 & FROM HIS DREAMS ( ! 
      LIFE ( PA/1 :I* !MSELVES CANNOT FAIL TO BE MORE OR LESS UNSUB/ANTIAL 
      IMAG9+S4 
     
     

      ,AT LEA/ WE CAN BOLDLY ASS]T ?AT ?OSE :O ?9K ?AT ! CIVILIZATION ( \R [N 
      TIME WILL NOT BE TRANS=M$ BO? 9 %APE & 9 ESS5CE1 HOLD !IR OP9ION 9 
      ! TEE? ( ! WITNESS ( ALL HI/ORY4 ,?IS CANNOT BE SET ASIDE BY TAK+ REFUGE 
      9 PLATITUDES AB\T 0HUMAN NATURE10 :I* >E REALLY D$UC$ FROM OR?ODOX !OLOGY 
      & AN OBSOLETE VIEW ( HI/ORY4 ,HUMAN NATURE IS ITSELF A GR[? ( ! AGES1 & 
      IS EV] & 9DEF9ITELY MOLD$ BY ! CONDITIONS UND] :I* IT F9DS ITSELF4 
     
     

      #a4 ,IF IT BE SAID ?AT ,EVANGELICALISM IS NO  
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      ,*UR* ( ,5GL& 2 BUT ! L>GE & EXCE$+LY 9FLU5TIAL BODY ( DISS5T]S 
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,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b#h1 #bba 3 ,9TRODUCTION -- ,ADD$4 

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