,*APT] #b#c1 ,P>T #b ,SOCIALISM ,TRIUMPHANT .<,P>T #b.> ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS ,TEXT 3 ,IT REMA9S TO SAY SOME?+ ON ! RELIGI\S & E?ICAL BASIS ( :I* ! LIFE ( ,COMMUNAL ,SOCIETY MAY BE CALL$ AN EXPRESSION1 AL?\< FROM ANO!R ASPECT ! RELIGION MAY BE SAID TO BE AN EXPRESSION ( ?AT LIFE2 ! TWO TOGE!R =M+ AN H>MONI\S :OLE4 ,! WORD RELIGION HAS BE51 & IS /ILL 9 MO/ M9DS1 CONNECT$ ) SUP]NATURAL BELIEFS1 & CONSEQU5TLY ! USE ( ! WORD HAS BE5 ATTACK$ AS UNJU/IFIABLE :]E ?IS ELEM5T IS ABS5T4 ,BUT1 AS WE %ALL PROCE$ TO %[ 9 A FEW WORDS1 ?IS IS RA!R ACCESSORY TO IT ?AN ESS5TIAL4 ,9 ! FIR/ 9/ANCE RELIGION HAD = ITS OBJECT ! CONT9UANCE & GLORY ( ! K9%IP -- ,SOCIETY2 :E!R AS CLAN1 TRIBE1 OR PEOPLE1 ANCE/OR WOR%IP =M+ ! LEAD+ FEATURE 9 ITS E>LY PHASES4 ,?AT 9 SU* AN EPO* RELIGION %\LD HAVE BE5 CONNECT$ ) :AT WE N[ CALL SUP]/ITION WAS 9EVITABLE1 S9CE AT ?AT TIME NO DI/9CTION WAS DRAWN BETWE5 ! HUMAN & ANY O!R =M ( EXI/5CE1 :E!R 9 ANIMAL LIFE OR 9 9ANIMATE MATT]S1 ALL BE+ ALIKE CONSID]$ CONSCI\S & 9TELLIG5T4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ) ! DEVELOPM5T ( MAT]IAL CIVILIZATION FROM ! DOM9ATION ( ?+S BY P]SONS TO ?AT ( P]SONS BY ?+S1 & ! CONSEQU5T FALL+ ASUND] ( ,SOCIETY 9TO TWO CLASSES1 A POSSESS+ & DOM9AT+ CLASS1 & A NON-POSSESS+ & DOM9AT$ ONE1 >OSE A CONDITION ( ,SOCIETY :I* GAVE LEISURE TO ! POSSESS+ OR SLAVE-HOLD+ CLASS1 ! RESULT ( :I* WAS A POSSIBILITY ( OBS]VATION & REFLECTION AMONG ! UPP] CLASS4 ,AS A CONSEQU5CE ( ?IS A PROCESS ( REFLECTION >OSE AMONG ?IS CLASS :I* DI/+UI%$ MAN AS A CONSCI\S BE+ FROM ! RE/ ( NATURE4 ,FROM ?IS AGA9 >OSE A DUAL CONCEPTION ( ?+S3 ON ! ONE H& WAS MAN1 :I* WAS FAMILI> & KN[N1 ON ! O!R NATURE1 :I* WAS MY/]I\S & RELATIVELY UNKN[N4 ,9 NATURE ITSELF GREW A FUR!R DI/9CTION BETWE5 ITS VISIBLE OBJECTS N[ REG>D$ AS UNCONSCI\S ?+S1 & A SUPPOS$ MOTIVE P[] :I* ACT$ ON !M FROM BEH9D1 :I* WAS CONCEIV$ ( AS MANLIKE 9 *>ACT]1 BUT ABOVE MANK9D 9 KN[L$GE & P[]1 & NO LONG] A P>T ( ! ?+S !MSELVES1 BUT )\T !M1 & MOV+ & CONTROLL+ !M4 ,ANO!R SET ( DUAL CONCEPTIONS >OSE ALONG ) ?IS1 FIR/LY ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! 9DIVIDUAL & ,SOCIETY1 & SECONDLY )9 ! 9DIVIDUAL ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! S\L & ! BODY4 ,RELIGION N[ BECAME DEF9ITELY SUP]NATURAL1 & AT LA/ SUP]/ITI\S1 AS F> AS ! CULTUR$ CLASS WAS CONC]N$1 S9CE !Y HAD GRADUALLY LO/ !IR OLD HABIT ( BELIEF 9 IT4 ,AT ?IS /AGE !RE >OSE A CONFLICT NOT ONLY ( BELIEF BUT ALSO ( E?ICAL CONCEPTIONS2 ! C]EMONIES & CU/OMS BAS$ ON ! E>LI] IDEAS1 ON A NATURE COMPOS$ ( BE+S :O W]E ALL CONSCI\S1 BECAME MEAN+LESS & 9 MANY CASES REPULSIVE TO ! ADVANC$ M9DS ( ! EPO*2 H5CE >OSE A SY/EM ( ESOT]IC EXPLANATION & ! ,MY/]IES7#a74 ,AN IMPORTANCE BEGAN TO BE ATTA*$ TO ! IDEA ( A FUTURE LIFE = ! 9DIVIDUAL S\L1 :I* HAD NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ! OLD IDEA ( A SC>CELY BROK5 EXI/5CE1 F\ND$ NOT ON ANY POSITIVE DOCTR9E1 BUT ON ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( AN EXI/+ BE+ CONCEIV+ ( ITS NONEXI/5CE2 AN IDEA NAIVELY EXPRESS$1 = 9/ANCE1 9 ! BURIAL C]EMONIES ( ALL E>LY RACES1 9 :I* FOOD1 HORSES1 >MS1 ETC41 >E BURI$ ) ! DEAD MAN AS A PROVISION = HIS J\RNEY TO ! UNKN[N C\NTRY4 ,!SE IDEAS1 & ! DOCTR9ES & C]EMONIES EMBODY+ !M1 GR[ 9 NUMB] & BODY AS ! /REAM ( HI/ORY BROAD5S D[N1 TILL !Y F9ALLY ISSUE 9 ! UNIV]SAL OR E?ICAL RELIGIONS 7AS OPPOS$ TO ! TRIBAL OR NATURE-RELIGIONS7 ( :I* ,BUDDHISM & ,*RI/IANITY >E ! GREAT HI/ORICAL EXAMPLES1 & 9 :I* ! ORIG9AL C]EMONIES & !IR MEAN+ HAVE BECOME FUZ$ ) EA* O!R1 & ) ! NEW E?ICS ( !SE RELIGIONS1 & >E SUPPOS$ TO EXPRESS !SE E?ICS MORE OR LESS SYMBOLICALLY4 ,AN ILLU/RATION ( :AT HAS H]E BE5 SAID MAY BE F\ND 9 ! FUSION ( ! ANCI5T NOTIONS ( SACRIFICES 9 ! DOCTR9E ( ! ,ATONEM5T7#b74 ,WE HAVE SAID ?AT ) ! RISE ( CIVILIZATION TRIBAL SOCIETY BECAME DIVID$ 9TO CLASSES1 [+ TO ! GR[? ( ! 9DIVIDUAL [N]%IP ( PROP]TY AS OPPOS$ TO ITS CORPORATE [N]%IP4 ,! OLD RELATIONS ( P]SONS TO SOCIETY W]E ?US DE/ROY$1 & ) !M MU* ( ! MEAN+ ( ! OLD E?ICAL IDEAS4 ,9 ! TRIBAL SOCIETY1 ! RESPONSIBILITY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL TO ! LIMIT$ SOCIETY ( :I* HE =M$ A P>T WAS /RONGLY FELT1 :ILE HE RECOGNIZ$ NO DUTY \TSIDE HIS TRIBE4 ,9 ! NEW CONCEPTION ( MORALITY :I* N[ >OSE HE HAD1 IT IS TRUE1 DUTIES TO ALL M5 AS A MAN1 IRRESPECTIVE ( ! COMMUNITY TO :I* HE BELONG$1 BUT !Y W]E VAGUE & C\LD BE EVAD$ OR EXPLA9$ AWAY ) LITTLE DI/URBANCE ( ! CONSCI5CE2 BECAUSE ! C5TRAL PO9T R\ND :I* MORALITY REVOLV$ WAS A SPIRITUAL DEITY :O WAS ! S\RCE ( MORALITY & DIRECTLY REVEAL$ HIMSELF TO ! 9DIVIDUAL CONSCI5CE4 ,!SE TWO1 ! TRIBAL E?ICS1 ! RESPONSIBILITY TO A COMMUNITY H[EV] LIMIT$1 & ! UNIV]SAL OR 9TROSPECTIVE E?ICS1 OR RESPONSIBILITY TO A DIV9ITY TO :OM HUMANITY WAS BUT A MEANS ( REALIZ+ HIMSELF1 & TO :OM !RE=E ! DUTIES ( MAN TO MAN W]E ( SECOND>Y IMPORTANCE7#c7 -- >E ! TWO E?ICAL POLES4 ,BUT ?\< ! T5D5CY WAS 9 ?IS DIRECTION FROM ! BEG9N+S ( CIVILIZATION1 IT TOOK HI/ORICALLY MANY C5TURIES TO REALIZE ITSELF1 & ONLY REA*$ ITS F9AL DEVELOPM5T 9 ,*RI/IANITY2 & HAS N[ UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( COMPETITIVE ECONOMICS TAK5 ! F9AL =M ( ! DEVIL-TAKE-!-H9DMO/ DOCTR9E & PRACTICE ( MOD]N SOCIETY4 ,AS REG>DS ! FUTURE =M ( ! MORAL CONSCI\SNESS1 WE MAY SAFELY PR$ICT ?AT IT WILL BE 9 A S5SE A RETURN ON A HI<] LEVEL TO ! E?ICS ( ! OLD] SOCIETY1 ) ! DIFF]5CE ?AT ! LIMITATION ( SCOPE TO ! K9%IP SOCIETY 9 ITS N>R[] S5SE1 :I* WAS ONE ( ! ELEM5TS ( ! DISSOLUTION ( ANCI5T SOCIETY1 WILL DISAPPE>1 & ! ID5TIFICATION ( 9DIVIDUAL ) SOCIAL 9T]E/S WILL BE SO COMPLETE ?AT ANY DIVORCE BETWE5 ! TWO WILL BE 9CONCEIVABLE TO ! AV]AGE MAN4 ,WE MAY SAY 9 CONCLUSION ?AT ?IS NEW E?IC IS NO LONG] A M]E !ORETICAL SPECULATION1 BUT ?AT MANY ?\S&S ( LIVES >E ALREADY UND] ITS 9SPIRATION4 ,ITS FIR/ GREAT POPUL> MANIFE/ATION WAS GIV5 9 ! H]OIC DEVOTION ( ! WORK+-CLASSES ( ,P>IS 9 ! ,COMMUNE ( #ahga TO ! IDEA ( TRUE & UNIV]SAL FRE$OM1 :I* WAS C>RI$ ON BY ! NO LESS COMPLETE DEVOTION ( ! LITTLE B& ( ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONI/S :O MADE SO LITTLE ACC\NT ( !IR 9DIVIDUAL LIVES 9 !IR 5GROSS+ PASSION = ! G5]AL LIFE ( HUMANITY4 ,EV]Y:]E ! SAME FEEL+ IS SPREAD+1 & EV5 9 ,5GL&1 ! *OS5 HOME ( B\RGEOIS BUREAUCRACY1 :I*1 ) ! 9/9CTIVE CUNN+ ( A BUS9ESS C\NTRY1 GIVES EV]Y OPPORTUNITY TO WELL-TO-DO P]SONS = =GETT+ ! G5]AL WELF>E 9 ?AT ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 IT IS GETT+ MORE IRREPRESSIBLE EV]Y DAY4 ,! WAVE ( E?ICAL FEEL+ IS NO D\BT ! RESULT ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE N[ RAPIDLY APPROA*+ TO ! CRISIS :I* WILL ABOLI% ALL CLASSES3 9 FACT1 ! M]E HOPE1 EV] GR[+ NE>] TO REALIZATION1 ( AN ECONOMICAL *ANGE :I* WILL MAKE LIFE EASY & REF9$ = ALL1 IS :AT HAS MADE ?IS E?ICAL IDEA POSSIBLE1 AS ! HABITS :I* ! NEW ECONOMICAL SY/EM WILL 5G5D] WILL MAKE ANY O!R =M ( E?ICS 9CONCEIVABLE3 S9CE ONCE = ALL *ANGE 9 ! ECONOMICAL SY/EM ( SOCIETY MU/ ALWAYS BE ACCOMPANI$ BY FRE% E?ICAL IDEAS4 ,WE MAY BE ASK$1 S9CE WE HAVE BE5 PUTT+ =W>D ! DOCTR9E ( EVOLUTION ?R\<\T !SE *APT]S1 :AT ,SOCIALISM 9 ITS TURN WILL EVOLVE4 ,WE CAN ONLY ANSW] ?AT ,SOCIALISM D5IES ! F9ALITY ( HUMAN PROGRESS1 & ?AT ANY SY/EM ( :I* WE CAN N[ CONCEIVE ( AS ,SOCIALISM MU/ NECESS>ILY GIVE WAY TO A NEW DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY4 ,BUT ?AT DEVELOPM5T IS NECESS>ILY HIDD5 FROM US BY ! UNF9I%$ /RUGGLE 9 :I* WE LIVE1 9 :I* = US ! SUPREME GOAL IS ! ,SOCIALISM WE HAVE BE5 PUTT+ =W>D4 ,NOR DO WE REP9E AT ?IS LIMITATION ( \R 9SIT ( MANK9D2 & EV5 BY ?OSE FEW1 IS HELD ON SU* A PREC>I\S T5URE ?AT IT IS TO !M LITTLE BETT] ?AN A PLEASANT DREAM DI/URB$ BY FANTA/IC FE>S :I* HAVE !IR BIR? FROM ! T]RIBLY REAL SUFF]+S ( ! ORD9>Y LIFE ( ! MASSES ON :OM !Y LIVE4 #a4 ,! MY/]IES W]E NO?+ BUT A PRACTICE ( ! ANCI5T RUDE C]EMONIES N[ TREAT$ AS REVELATIONS TO C]TA9 PRIVILEG$ P]SONS ( ?IS HIDD5 MEAN+ :I* C\LD NOT BE UND]/OOD BY ! VULG>3 ?AT IS1 PEOPLE BEGAN TO ASSUME ?AT ! ANCI5T RUDE & SOMETIMES CO>SE C]EMONIES 7BELIEF 9 :I* DIRECTLY AS EXPLANATIONS ( NATURAL EV5TS N[ APPE>$ TO !M 9CR$IBLE7 WRAPP$ UP MY/ICAL MEAN+S 9 AN ALLEGORICAL MANN]2 EG41 A SIMPLE SUN-MY? W\LD BE TURN$ 9TO AN ALLEGORY ( ! S\L & ! DIV9ITY1 -- !IR RELATIVE DEAL+S ) A PRES5T & FUTURE LIFE BACK4 #b4 ,SEE >TICLE ',SACRIFICE' 9 ! ',5CYCLOPXDIA ,BRITANNICA' 7#i? ,$ITION71 BY ,PR(ESSOR ,ROB]TSON ,SMI? BACK4 #c4 ',MORALITY1 ?\ DREADFUL BANE1 ,:AT T5S ( ?\S&S ?\ HA/ SLA96' BACK 7,PROTE/ANT HYMN47 ,COMMONWEAL1 ,VOLUME #d1 ,NUMB] #a#b#c1 #ai ,MAY #a#h#h#h1 ,P,P4 #a#e#d-#a#e#e ,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,FEBRU>Y #b#h1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #b#c1 ,P>T #b -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/