,*APT] #b#c1 ,P>T #a 
,SOCIALISM ,TRIUMPHANT .<,P>T #a.> 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

      ,IT IS POSSIBLE TO SUCCE$ 9 A MANN] 9 PICTUR+ TO 
      \RSELVES ! LIFE ( PA/ TIMES3 ?AT IS1 \R IMAG9ATIONS WILL %[ US A PICTURE 
      ( !M :I* MAY 9CLUDE SU* ACCURATE 9=MATION AS WE MAY HAVE ( !M4 ,BUT ?\< ! PICTURE MAY BE VIVID & ! 9=MATION 
      JU/1 YET IT WILL NOT BE A PICTURE ( :AT REALLY TOOK PLACE2 IT WILL BE MADE UP ( 
      ! PRES5T :I* WE EXP]I5CE1 & ! PA/ :I* \R IMAG9ATION1 DRAW+ FROM 
      \R EXP]I5CE1 CONCEIVES (1 -- 9 %ORT1 IT WILL BE \R PICTURE ( ! 
      PA/7#a74 ,IF ?IS BE ! CASE ) ! PA/1 ( 
      :I* WE HAVE SOME CONCRETE DATA1 /ILL MORE /RONGLY MAY IT BE SAID ( ! FUTURE1 
      ( :I* WE HAVE NONE -- NO?+ BUT M]E AB/RACT D$UCTIONS FROM HI/ORIC 
      EVOLUTION1 ! LOGICAL SEQU5CE ( :I* MAY BE 9T]F]$ ) AT ANY PO9T BY 
      ELEM5TS :OSE =CE WE HAVE NOT DULY APPRECIAT$2 & !SE >E AB/RACTIONS ALSO 
      :I* >E BUT ! SKELETON ( ! FULL LIFE :I* WILL GO ON 9 ?OSE TIMES TO 
      COME4 
     
     

      ,!RE=E1 ?\< WE HAVE NO D\BT ( ! TRANS=MATION ( MOD]N CIVILIZATION 
      9TO ,SOCIALISM1 YET WE CANNOT =ETELL DEF9ITELY :AT =M ! SOCIAL LIFE ( ! 
      FUTURE WILL TAKE1 ANY MORE ?AN A MAN LIV+ AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! COMM]CIAL 
      P]IOD -- SAY ,SIR ,?OMAS ,MORE OR ,LORD ,BACON -- C\LD =ESEE ! DEVELOPM5T ( 
      ?AT P]IOD 9 ! CAPITALISM ( TO-DAY4 
     
     

      ,NEV]!LESS1 ?\< WE CANNOT REALIZE POSITIVELY ! LIFE ( ! FUTURE1 :5 ! 
      PR9CIPLE ( REAL SOCIETY WILL BE UNIV]SALLY ADMITT$1 & APPLI$ 9 PRACTICE AS 
      AN EV]YDAY MATT]1 YET ! NEGATIVE SIDE ( ! QUE/ION WE CAN ALL SEE1 & MO/ 
      ( US CANNOT HELP TRY+ TO FILL UP ! VOID MADE BY ! NECESS>Y T]M9ATION ( 
      ! M]ELY MILITANT P]IOD ( ,SOCIALISM4 ,! PRES5T SOCIETY WILL BE GONE1 ) ALL 
      ITS P>APH]NALIA ( *ECKS & SAFEGU>DS3 ?AT WE KN[ = C]TA94 ,NO LESS 
      SURELY WE KN[ :AT ! F\NDATION ( ! NEW SOCIETY WILL BE4 ,:AT WILL ! NEW 
      SOCIETY BUILD ON ?AT F\NDATION ( FRE$OM & COOP]ATION8 -- ?AT IS ! 
      PROBLEM ON :I* WE CAN DO NO MORE ?AN SPECULATE4 
     
     

      ,NO D\BT SOME TRANSITION1 ! NATURE ( :I* WILL BE DET]M9$ BY CIRCUM/ANCES1 
      WILL TAKE PLACE BETWE5 ! PRES5T /ATE ( ?+S1 9 :I* ! POLITICAL UNIT IS 
      A NATION1 & ! FUTURE1 9 :I* A SY/EM ( F$]ALIZ$ COMMUNITIES WILL TAKE 
      ! PLACE ( RIVAL NATIONALITIES2 BUT AS ?IS *APT] HAS TO DO ) ! ULTIMATE 
      REALIZATION ( ! NEW SOCIETY RA!R ?AN ) ! TRANSITIONAL P]IOD1 WE NE$ 
      NOT SPECULATE ON ?IS PO9T4 
     
     

      ,WE ASK \R READ]S TO IMAG9E ! NEW SOCIETY 9 ITS POLITICAL ASPECT AS AN 
      ORGANIZ$ BODY ( COMMUNITIES1 EA* C>RY+ ON ITS [N AFFAIRS1 BUT UNIT$ BY A 
      DELEGAT$ F$]AL BODY1 :OSE FUNCTION W\LD BE ! GU>DIAN%IP ( ! 
      ACKN[L$G$ PR9CIPLES ( SOCIETY2 IT BE+ UND]/OOD ?AT !SE TWO BODIES1 ! 
      T[N%IP OR COMMUNITY & ! ,F$]AL ,P[]1 W\LD BE ! TWO EXTREMITIES BETWE5 
      :I* !RE W\LD BE O!R EXPRESSIONS ( ! ,F$]AL PR9CIPLE1 -- AS 9 DI/RICTS 
      ?AT W]E L9K$ TOGE!R BY NATURAL CIRCUM/ANCES1 SU* AS LANGUAGE1 CLIMATE1 OR 
      ! DIVISIONS ( PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY4 
     
     

      ,IT IS CLE> ?AT 9 SU* A SOCIETY :AT LAWS W]E NE$$ = ! PROTECTION ( 
      P]SONS & ! REGULATION ( 9T]COMMUNAL DISPUTES1 S9CE !Y C\LD BE BUT ! 
      EXPRESSION ( ! V]Y ROOT PR9CIPLES ( SOCIETY1 W\LD HAVE TO BE UNIV]SAL1 & 
      ! C5TRAL REGULAT+ BODY W\LD BE *>G$ ) !IR GU>DIAN%IP1 & AT A LA/ 
      RESORT TO C>RY+ !M \T BY =CE4 ,OBVI\SLY NO COMMUNITY C\LD BE ALL[$ TO 
      REV]T TO ! EXPLOITATION ( LABOR ( ANY K9D UND] :ATEV] PRETEXT1 OR TO SU* 
      =MS ( REACTION AS V9DICTIVE CRIM9AL LAWS4 ,SU* MEASURES IF ALL[$1 EV5 AS 
      LOCAL & SPASMODIC 9CID5TS1 W\LD UND]M9E ! V]Y F\NDATIONS ( COMMUNI/IC 
      SOCIETY4 ,?IS UNITY 9 ,F$]ATION 9 %ORT1 APPE>S TO BE ! ONLY ME?OD = 
      R$UC+ COMPLEXITY 9 POLITICAL & ADM9I/RATIVE MATT]S TO A M9IMUM2 & ( 
      5SUR+ TO ! 9DIVIDUAL1 AS A UNIT ( SOCIETY1 ! UTMO/ POSSIBLE FRE$OM = 
      ! SATISFACTION & DEVELOPM5T ( HIS CAPACITIES4 
     
     

      ,AS TO ! ME?ODS ( LABOR NECESS>Y TO ! EXI/5CE & WELF>E ( SOCIETY1 IT 
      W\LD HAVE TO BE COOP]ATIVE 9 ! WIDE/ S5SE4 ,IT W\LD ( C\RSE BE 
      SUBORD9ATE TO ! REAL WELF>E ( SOCIETY2 I4E41 ! PRODUCTION 
      ( W>ES W\LD NOT BE LOOK$ UPON AS ! 5D ( SOCIETY 7AS ! PRODUCTION ( 
      PR(IT-BE>+ W>ES N[ IS71 BUT IT W\LD BE REG>D$ AS ! MEANS = 
      ! EASE & HAPP9ESS ( LIFE1 :I* !RE=E W\LD NEV] BE SACRIFIC$ TO ANY 
      FALSE IDEAS ( NECESSITY1 OR TO ANY M]ELY CONV5TIONAL VIEWS ( COM=T OR LUXURY4 
      ,= 9/ANCE1 9 ANY SOCIETY IT IS DESIRABLE ?AT COTTON CLO? %\LD BE PRODUC$ 
      AT ! LEA/ EXP5DITURE ( LABOR1 BUT 9 A COMMUNI/IC SOCIETY IT W\LD BE 
      IMPOSSIBLE TO CONDEMN A P>T ( ! POPULATION TO LIVE UND] MIS]ABLE CONDITIONS1 
      CONDITIONS 9 ANY DEGREE WORSE ?AN ?AT ( O!RS1 AS 9 A BLACK C\NTRY1 9 ORD] 
      TO R$UCE ! EXP5DITURE ( LABOR = ! COMMUNITY1 :I* W\LD HAVE TO PAY ! 
      PRICE = GIV+ ! WEAV]S & SP9N]S1 ETC41 AS GOOD A LIFE AS ANYONE ELSE1 
      :ATEV] ?AT PRICE MI<T BE4 
     
     

      ,AGA91 AS TO ! CONV5TIONAL /&>D ( COM=T3 WE MAY H]E QUOTE A GOOD 
      DEF9ITION ( A LUXURY1 AS GIV5 BY A FRI5D1 AS A PIECE ( GOODS ?AT ! CONSUM] 
      W\LD NOT HAVE IF HE HAD 9 HIS [N P]SON TO PAY ! FULL VALUE ( ! WORK -- 
      I4E41 IF HE HAD TO MAKE IT HIMSELF1 OR TO SACRIFICE AN AM\NT ( HIS [N 
      LABOR EQUIVAL5T TO ! MAK+ ( IT4 ,AS1 EG41 A LADY ( ! PRES5T DAY 
      W\LD H>DLY CONS5T TO MAKE A ,ME*L9 LACE VEIL = H]SELF1 OR TO PAY = ! DUE 
      & PROP] LIVELIHOOD ( ?OSE :O DO MAKE IT2 9 ORD] ?AT %E MAY HAVE IT1 
      NUMB]S ( WOM5 & GIRLS AT ,YPRES & ! NEI<BORHOOD MU/ WORK AT />VATION 
      WAGES4 
     
     

      ,TO MAKE ! MATT] ( PRODUCTION UND] ,COMMUNISM CLE>] LET US CONSID] ! 
      V>I\S K9DS ( WORK :I* ! WELF>E ( ,COMMUNAL ,SOCIETY W\LD DEM&4 
     
     

      ,FIR/1 !RE W\LD BE A C]TA9 AM\NT ( NECESS>Y WORK TO BE DONE :I* W\LD BE 
      USUALLY REPELL5T TO ORD9>Y P]SONS2 SOME ( ?IS1 PROBABLY ! GREAT] P>T ( 
      IT1 W\LD BE P]=M$ BY MA*9]Y2 & IT MU/ BE REMEMB]$ ?AT MA*9]Y W\LD 
      BE IMPROV$ & P]FECT$ )\T HESITATION :5 ! RE/RICTIONS LAID ON 
      PRODUCTION BY ! EXIG5CIES ( PR(IT-MAK+ W]E REMOV$4 ,BUT PROBABLY A PORTION 
      ( ?IS WORK AT ONCE NECESS>Y & REPELL5T C\LD NOT BE DONE BY MA*9]Y4 ,= 
      ?IS PORTION VOLUNTE]S W\LD HAVE TO BE RELI$ UPON2 NOR W\LD !RE BE ANY 
      DIFFICULTY 9 OBTA9+ !M1 CONSID]+ ?AT ! HABIT ( LOOK+ UPON NECESS>Y 
      LABOR FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( SOCIAL DUTY W\LD BE UNIV]SAL1 & ?AT N[1 AS 
      !N1 IDIOSYNCRASIES W\LD EXI/ :I* W\LD REMOVE OBJECTIONS TO WORK USUALLY 
      DISLIK$4 
     
     

      ,AGA91 ! GREAT] P>T ( ?IS WORK1 ?\< NOT AGREEABLE1 W\LD NOT BE EXACT+ 
      ON M5TAL CAPACITY1 & W\LD 5TAIL ! M9IMUM ( RESPONSIBILITY ON ?OSE 5GAG$ 
      9 IT4 ,WE M5TION ?IS AS COMP5SATORY ( ! DISAGREEABLE NATURE ( ! WORK 9 
      ITSELF4 
     
     

      ,AS EXAMPLES ( ?IS NECESS>Y & USUALLY REPELL5T WORK1 WE MAY GIVE SCAV5G]+1 
      SEW]-CLEAN+1 COAL-HEW+1 MIDWIF]Y1 & ME*ANICAL CL]K'S WORK4 
     
     

      ,IT MU/ BE REMEMB]$ AGA9 ?AT UND] \R PRES5T SY/EM A GREAT DEAL ( ?IS K9D 
      ( WORK IS >TIFICIALLY FO/]$ = ! SAKE ( MAK+ BUS9ESS = 
      9T]E/-BE>+ CAPITAL1 & ?AT ! COMPETITION = EMPLOYM5T AMONG ! 
      PROLET>IAT MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO BE SO DONE2 :]EAS 9 A ,COMMUNAL ,SOCIETY SU* 
      WORK W\LD BE DISP5S$ ) AS MU* AS POSSIBLE4 ,DISAGREEABLE WORK :I* A 
      ,COMMUNAL ,SOCIETY F\ND ITSELF SADDL$ ) AS A SURVIVAL ( PA/ TIMES1 & :I* 
      IT F\ND \T NOT TO BE NECESS>Y1 IT W\LD GET RID ( ALTOGE!R4 
     
     

      ,SECONDLY1 WORK 9 ITSELF MORE OR LESS DISAGREEABLE1 & NOT ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y1 
      BUT DESIRABLE IF ! SACRIFICE TO BE PAID = IT W]E NOT TOO GREAT4 ,?IS MI<T BE 
      DONE IF IT C\LD BE MADE EASY BY MA*9]Y1 BUT NOT O!RWISE2 IT W\LD NOT BE 
      WOR? :ILE TO CALL = VOLUNTE]S = ! PURPOSE ( DO+ IT1 S9CE ! CITIZ5S 
      W\LD !N HAVE TO MAKE ! SACRIFICE 9 !IR [N P]SONS4 ,BE=E WE LEAVE ! 
      SUBJECT ( WORK NOT G5]ALLY PLEASANT1 BUT :I* IS EI!R NECESS>Y OR DESIRABLE1 
      WE MAY AGA9 CALL ATT5TION TO ! EXI/5CE ( IDIOSYNCRASIES :I* W\LD MAKE 
      MANY PEOPLE WILL+ TO UND]TAKE IT1 & /ILL MORE TO ! V>IETY ( TA/ES :I* 
      >E SO COMMON ?AT !Y C\LD NOT BE CLASS$ AS IDIOSYNCRASIES1 & :I* W\LD 
      HELP US \T ( MANY DIFFICULTIES 9 ?IS RESPECT4 ,!RE >E1 = 9/ANCE1 R\< 
      OCCUPATIONS 9VOLV+ A C]TA9 AM\NT ( H>D%IP1 :I* W\LD BE ACCEPTABLE TO 
      MANY P]SONS ( OV]FL[+ HEAL? & /R5G?1 ON ACC\NT ( ! ADV5TURE & 
      *ANGE :I* GOES ) !M1 & ! OPPORTUNITIES :I* !Y AF=D = %[+ 
      C\RAGE & ADROITNESS & READ9ESS2 9 A WORD1 = ! PLEASURABLE EX]CISE ( 
      SPECIAL 5]GIES1 SU* AS SEA-FI%+1 EXPLORATION ( NEW C\NTRIES1 ETC4 ,AGA91 
      MANY PEOPLE HAVE SO MU* LOVE = C\NTRY LIFE & DEAL+ ) ANIMALS1 ?AT EV5 
      H>D WORK ( ?IS K9D W\LD NOT SEEM IRKSOME TO !M4 ,9 %ORT1 WE MI<T GO 9TO 
      GREAT L5G?S ON ?IS SUBJECT1 & EV]Y /EP WE TOOK ON ! ROAD W\LD %[ ?AT 
      ! /IMULUS TO EX]TION 9 PRODUCTION IS MU* MORE V>I\S & MU* MORE COMPLEX 
      ?AN IS USUALLY ?\<T 9 A P]IOD LIKE \R [N1 :5 EV]Y?+ IS SUPPOS$ TO BE 
      MEASUR$ BY M]E CA%-PAYM5T4 
     
     

      ,?IRDLY1 WE COME TO A K9D ( WORK :I* WE MAY WELL HOPE WILL TAKE A MU* HI<] 
      POSITION 9 COMMUNAL LIFE ?AN IT DOES AT PRES5T2 WE MEAN WORK ?AT HAS 9 IT MORE 
      OR LESS ( >T2 & WE %\LD H]E SAY ?AT ! V]Y F\NDATION ( EV]Y?+ ?AT 
      CAN BE CALL$ >T IS ! PLEASURE ( CREATION1 :I* IS1 OR %\LD BE FELT 9 EV]Y 
      H&ICRAFT4 ,?AT EV5 AS ?+S >E IT IS V]Y COMMONLY FELT1 IS PROV$ BY ! 
      CRAV+ ?AT P]SONS HAVE = SOME OCCUPATION = !IR H&S :5 !Y >E 
      DEB>R$ FROM !IR USUAL OCCUPATION1 AS V]Y NOTABLY P]SONS 9 PRISON4 ,AS TO ! 
      MATT] ( >T AS AN OCCUPATION1 WE MAY DIVIDE IT 9TO 9CID5TAL & 
      SUB/ANTIVE >T4 ,9CID5TAL >T IS ?AT :I* IS SUBS]VI5T TO SOME 
      UTILIT>IAN FUNCTION2 AS ! DESIGN$ =M OR ADD$ ORNAM5T 9 A KNIFE OR A CUP1 
      :I* IS SUBS]VI5T TO ! CUTT+ OR DR9K+ USE ( ?OSE ?+S4 ,:AT IS 
      COMMONLY CALL$ DECORATIVE >T COMES UND] ?IS HEAD+4 ,SUB/ANTIVE >T IS ?AT 
      :I* PRODUCES MATT]S ( BEAUTY & 9CID5T = !IR [N SAKES1 SU* AS PICTURES 
      OR MUSIC1 :I* HAVE NO UTILIT>IAN PURPOSE4 ,AS TO 9CID5TAL >T ,COMM]CIAL 
      ,SOCIETY HAS NE>LY DE/ROY$ IT BY DIVORC+ ITS EX]CISE & ! REW>D = IT 
      FROM ! PRODUCTS :I* IT %\LD BEAUTIFY2 IT HAS DIVID$ ! PRODUC]S ( AN 
      ORNAM5TAL >TICLE ( USE 9TO ! MAK] ( ! UTILIT>IAN >TICLE1 ! MAK] ( 
      ! ORNAM5T = IT1 & ! DESIGN] ( ! ORNAM5T1 ! TWO =M] BE+ M]E 
      MA*9ES1 & ! LATT] BE+ ! PRODUC] ( A M>KETABLE W>E TO BE =C$ ON 
      ! PUBLIC 9 ! SAME WAY ?AT O!R W>ES >E =C$ ON !M BY COMM]CE4 ,9 A 
      ,COMMUNAL ,SOCIETY ?IS DIVISION ( LABOR WILL BE RECOGNIZ$ AS IMPOSSIBLE 9 A 
      PIECE ( GOODS ( :I* ! >T ( DESIGN =M$ AN 9TEGRAL P>T1 & ?AT >T 
      ITSELF WILL ONLY BE EX]CIS$ 9 ANSW] TO AN UND\BT$ & IMP]ATIVE DEM& ( 
      ! PUBLIC2 !RE WILL BE NO OCCASION TO =CE A DEM& = IT4 
     
     

      ,AS TO ! SUB/ANTIVE >T ?AT MU/ ALWAYS BE ON ! SURFACE ! PRODUCT ( 
      9DIVIDUAL LABOR & SKILL1 AL?\< AT BOTTOM IT IS A SOCIAL PRODUCT AS MU* AS 
      OR EV5 MORE ?AN ANY O!R PRODUCTION2 S9CE ! CAPACITY ( ! MO/ ORIG9AL 
      >TI/ OR AU?OR IS REALLY ! RESULT ( TRADITION1 & HIS WORK IS ! EXPRESSION 
      ( A LONG SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T ( T5D5CIES CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! SPECIAL 9DIVIDUAL4 
     
     

      ,A QUE/ION MAY OCCUR TO SOME AS TO ! PROBABLE FUTURE ( ! RACES AT PRES5T 
      \TSIDE CIVILIZATION4 ,TO US IT SEEMS ?AT ! BE/ FATE ?AT CAN BEFALL !M IS 
      ?AT !Y %\LD DEVELOPE 7SIC7 !MSELVES FROM !IR PRES5T CONDITION1 
      UN9T]F]$ ) BY ! 9CONGRUITIES ( CIVILIZATION4 ,?OSE ( !M WILL BE ! 
      HAPPIE/ :O CAN HOLD CIVILIZATION ALO( UNTIL CIVILIZATION ITSELF MELTS 9TO 
      ,SOCIALISM1 :5 !IR [N NATURAL DEVELOPM5T WILL GRADUALLY LEAD !M 9TO 
      ABSORPTION 9 ! GREAT OCEAN ( UNIV]SAL SOCIAL LIFE4 
     
     

      #a4,! M$IAEVAL PA9T]S NAIVELY ACCEPT 
      ?IS POSITION -- EG41 9 REPRES5T+ ! LIFE ( A SA9T ( ! SECOND 
      C5TURY1 !Y DRESS ! *>ACT]S 9 A CO/UME BUT LITTLE ALT]$ FROM ?AT ( 
      !IR [N P]IOD2 & IT IS WOR? NOT+ ?AT !Y GAVE UP ! ATTEMPT AT 
      >*AEOLOGY 7SIC7 ALTOGE!R ) ! MORE FAMILI> *>ACT]S -- A 
      C>P5T] OR BLACKSMI? WILL BE JU/ ! CRAFTSMAN ?AT !Y HAD BE=E !IR EYES 
      EV]Y DAY2 :]EAS ! EMP]ORS1 GIANTS1 & SO =?1 !Y DO TRY TO CLO! 9 
      IMAG9ATIVE RAIM5T4 ,A FUR!R ILLU/RATION MAY BE GIV5 9 ! >T ( MUSIC3 WORKS 
      SU* AS ,WEB]'S D] ,FREIS*UTZ OR ,WAGN]'S ,MEI/]-S+]S1 :I* SEEM TO EMBODY 
      ! SPIRIT ( PA/ AGES1 NEV]!LESS >E 9 !MSELVES ?OR\<LY MOD]N BACK4 
     
     

      ,COMMONWEAL1 ,VOLUME #d1 ,NUMB] #a#b#a1 #e ,MAY #a#h#h#h1 ,P,P4 #a#d-#a#d#a 
     

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b#h1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #b#c1 ,P>T #a -- ,ADD$4 

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