,*APT] #b#b1 ,P>T #a 
,SOCIALISM ,MILITANT .<,P>T #a.> 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

      ,WE HAVE N[ >RIV$ AT ! MO/ EXCIT+ P>T ( \R 
      SUBJECT1 S9CE IT HAS TO DO ) :AT WE MAY FAIRLY CALL ! PRACTICAL POLITICS ( 
      ,SOCIALISM1 ) MATT]S :I* ALL :O CALL !MSELVES ,SOCIALI/S MU/ ( NECESSITY 
      CONSID]1 UNLESS !Y *OSE TO RELEGATE !MSELVES TO ! POSITION ( !ORI/S 
      PURE & SIMPLE4 ,:AT LIES 9 ! SCOPE ( !SE *APT]S IS ! GIV+ SOME IDEA 
      ( ! RELATIVE POSITION ( ! ATTACK & DEF5SE 9 ! PASS+ TIME1 :5 >MIES 
      >E DEF9ITELY GA!R+ = ! BATTLE1 & IT IS BEG9N+ TO BE P]CEIV$ ?AT 
      ,SOCIALISM IS ! ONE S]I\S QUE/ION ( ! EPO*1 S9CE IT COV]S EV]Y 9T]E/ 
      ( MOD]N LIFE4 
     
     

      ,LET US TURN \R ATT5TION FIR/ ( ALL TO ! DEF5SE2 & WE USE ! WORD 
      ADVIS$LY1 S9CE ! PRES5T PROPRIET>Y & DOM9ANT CLASS HAS ABSORB$ 9TO 
      ITSELF ITS OLD 5EMY ! FEUDAL PROPRIET>Y CLASS1 &1 S9CE IT HAS N[ NO LONG] 
      ANY?+ TO ATTACK1 HAS TAK5 ! POSITION ONCE OCCUPI$ BY ! LATT]4 ,?IS 9DE$ 
      HAS BE5 ! POSITION ( ! VICTORI\S MIDDLE-CLASS = SOME TIME1 BUT IT IS N[ 
      AT LA/ WAK+ UP TO ! FACT1 & CAN SEE ! 5EMY :I* IS ADVANC+ TO ! 
      ATTACK4 ,! MIDDLE-CLASS IS SPE$ILY GETT+ TO BE NO LONG] DEMOCRATIC EV5 9 
      APPE>ANCE3 IT ONCE WORE ?AT GUISE BECAUSE IT WAS CONF\ND$ ) ! 
      WORK+-CLASSES1 :OSE POSITION WAS !N 5TIRELY SUBORD9ATE TO IT4 ,?IS CONDITION 
      ( ?+S WAS ! HI<-WAT] M>K ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 ?\< !RE W]E FROM 
      TIME TO TIME 9DICATIONS ( ! COM+ SOLID>ITY ( LABOR2 & IT LA/$ ?R\< 
      ! REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD ( #a#h#d#h4 ,UP TO ?AT TIME ! TRIUMPHANT MIDDLE-CLASS1 
      TRAMPL+ D[N ! LA/ EMB]S ( ! FEUDAL OPPOSITION1 SAW NO?+ BE=E IT BUT 
      A CONT9U$ C>E] ( SUCCESS2 AL?\< ! PR9CIPLES ON :I* ?AT SUCCESS WAS 
      F\ND$ W]E NOT ( ! K9D ?AT W\LD ALL[ IT TO HAVE A DEF9ITE AIM BEYOND ! 
      PO9T :I* IT HAD ALREADY REA*$4 
     
     

      ,! FIR/ DI/9CTIVE MOVEM5T 9 ,5GL& BETOK5+ A SEP>ATE & AGGRESSIVE 
      COMMUNITY ( FEEL+ 9 ! WORK+-CLASS ITSELF1 WAS ! ,*>TI/ AGITATION2 BUT 
      ?IS1 AS WE HAVE PO9T$ \T 9 PREC$+ *APT]S1 WAS SWEPT AWAY BY ! GREAT 
      WAVE ( ,BRITI% COMM]CIAL PROSP]ITY 9DICAT$ BY ! SUCCESS ( ! 
      ,COBD5-,BRI<T1 OR AS IT IS CALL$ ON ! ,CONT95T1 ! ,MAN*E/] ,S*OOL4 ,! MA9 
      RESULT ( ?IS WAVE ( PROSP]ITY WAS ! 5ORM\S 9CREASE 9 ! NUMB] & P[] 
      ( ! MIDDLE-CLASSES1 & ! CORRESPOND+ RISE 9 !IR /&>D ( COM=T4 ,IT 
      IS (T5 ALLEG$ ?AT ! WORK+-CLASSES >E 9 A BETT] POSITION ?AN !Y W]E 
      FIFTY YE>S AGO1 & ?AT ?IS IS ! MA9 WORK ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY2 BUT ! 
      IMPROVEM5T IS D\BTFUL & ! 9F]5CE DRAWN FROM IT IS FALSE4 ,! FACT IS1 ?AT 
      ! C\NTRY FIFTY YE>S AGO WAS PASS+ ?R\< A SEV]E COMM]CIAL REVOLUTION1 
      ?AT ( ! GREAT MA*9E 9DU/RIES1 :I*1 AS BE=E /AT$1 BR\<T = ! TIME 
      UNEXAMPL$ MIS]Y UPON ! WORK]S1 & ?AT ! SETTL+ D[N ( ?IS CRISIS DID 
      TO A C]TA9 EXT5T RELIEVE ?IS SPECIAL & TEMPOR>Y MIS]Y4 ,BUT AP>T FROM ?AT 
      ! CONDITION ( EV5 ! >I/OCRACY ( LABOR IS LITTLE IF ANY BETT] ?AN IT 
      WAS4 ,:AT HAS REALLY HAPP5$ IS JU/ ?AT 9CREASE 9 ! NUMB]S & PROSP]ITY 
      ( ! MIDDLE-CLASSES ABOVE SPOK5 (4 ,BUT ?IS GREAT & OV]:ELM+ 
      PROSP]ITY ( !IRS IS N[ S]I\SLY ?REAT5$4 ,! 9CREAS+ SEV]ITY ( 
      COMPETITION 9 ! WORLD-M>KET1 ACCOMPANI$ BY A CEASELESS & RAPID 9CREASE 9 
      ! PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR1 ACT+ & REACT+ ON ONE ANO!R1 >E BR++ AB\T 
      A FRE% COMM]CIAL REVOLUTION :I* WILL EXT+UI% ! SMALL CAPITALI/ BY 
      R$UC+ HIS PR(ITS TO ! VANI%+-PO9T2 SO ?AT NONE BUT HUGE CONC]NS1 
      JO9T-/OCK OR O!RWISE1 WILL BE ABLE TO SURVIVE1 & ! ONCE SMALL CAPITALI/ 
      WILL HAVE TO BECOME A MANAG]1 A S]VANT ( ! GREAT ONE4 ,?IS PROCESS IS ALREADY 
      F> ADVANC$1 & IS CREAT+ A FRE% L[] MIDDLE-CLASS 5TIRELY DEP5D5T ON ! 
      COMM]CIAL >I/OCRACY4 ,UND] !SE CONDITIONS ?AT V]Y RISE 9 ! /&>D ( 
      MIDDLE-CLASS COM=T HAS BECOME A SN>E TO ! CLASS AS A :OLE4 ,! DIFFICULTY ( ORD9>Y WELL-TO-DO FAMILIES 9 F9D+ A 
      'RESPECTABLE' POSITION = !IR *ILDR5 IS N[ A SUFFICI5TLY TRITE SUBJECT2 ALL 
      OCCUPATIONS 5DURABLE BY A 'REF9$' Y\? >E OV]/OCK$2 $UCATION IS *EAP & 
      COMMON1 & HAS LO/ ITS OLD M>KET-VALUE1 & EV5 AT ! ANCI5T SEATS ( 
      LE>N+ IT HAS GR[N TO BE A MATT] ( COMM]CIAL COMPETITION7#a74 ,! L[] RANKS ( >T & LIT]ATURE >E CR[D$ ) 
      P]SONS DRAWN TO !SE PR(ESSIONS BY ! PLEASANTNESS ( ! PURSUITS 9 
      !MSELVES1 :O SOON F9D \T ! V]Y L[ M>KET VALUE ( ! ORD9>Y $UCAT$ 
      9TELLECT4 ,!SE1 TOGE!R ) ! COMM]CIAL CL]KS1 9 :OSE OCCUPATION NO 
      SPECIAL TAL5T IS REQUIR$1 =M AN 9TELLECTUAL PROLET>IAT1 :OSE LABOR IS 
      'REW>D$' ON AB\T ! SAME SCALE AS ! L[] PORTION ( MANUAL LABOR1 AS LONG 
      AS !Y >E EMPLOY$1 BUT :OSE POSITION IS MORE PREC>I\S1 & F> LESS 
      SATISFACTORY4 
     
     

      ,ON ! :OLE1 !N1 9 SPITE ( ! RISE 9 ! /&>D ( COM=T ( ! 
      MIDDLE-CLASSES1 IT MU/ BE SAID ?AT !Y HAVE RA!R GA9$ P[] ?AN WELL-BE+1 
      & ?AT !Y >E N[ BE+ ?REAT5$ ) A LOSS ( ?AT P[]1 !IR T5URE ( 
      :I*1 N[ ?AT ! WORK+-CLASSES >E BEG9N+ TO LE>N !IR SOLID>ITY1 
      DEP5DS ON ! LATT] BE+ APA!TICALLY CONT5T$ ) A POSITION AT ! BE/ 
      9F]IOR TO ?AT ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 
     
     

      ,BUT ! B\RGEOIS IDEAL ( :AT ?AT POSITION ( ! WORK]S MI<T BE AT ! BE/1 
      HAS NEV] BE5 REALIZ$1 NOR EV] CAN BE2 NOR AS ABOVE-SAID HAVE ! 
      WORK+-CLASSES ANY SPECIAL REASON = BE+ 'CONT5T$' AT ! PRES5T TIME4 ,! 
      CLASS ( UNSKILL$ LABOR]S >E /ILL1 AS !Y ALWAYS MU/ BE 9 A SY/EM :I* 
      =CES !M TO COMPETE ) !IR FELL[S1 9 ! POSITION ( E>N+ A B>E 
      SUBSI/5CE WAGE2 & ?IS CLASS T5DS TO 9CREASE MORE & MORE1 AS ! 
      9TRODUCTION ( FRE% MA*9ES 9CREASES ! PRODUCTIVITY ( SKILL$ LABOR1 MAKES 
      IT POSSIBLE TO SUB/ITUTE UNSKILL$ 9 ITS PLACE1 & ?US DRIVES ! SKILL$ 
      >TIZAN FROM HIS POSITION & COMPELS HIM TO ACCEPT ?AT ( ! UNSKILL$ LABOR]4 
     
     

      ,ELABORATELY >RANG$ FIGURES1 !RE=E1 BY :I* IS S\<T TO %[ ?AT ! 
      WORKM5 9 G5]AL >E /EADILY IMPROV+ !IR CONDITION1 :]E 9 !MSELVES 
      CORRECT1 :I* IS BY NO MEANS ALWAYS ! CASE1 >E ONLY APPLICABLE TO C]TA9 
      GR\PS ( WORKM51 & EV5 !N FREQU5TLY DO NOT PROVE :AT !Y >E 9T5D$ TO3 
      EG41 ! AV]AGE WAGES WILL BE /AT$ AT SU* & SU*1 BUT IT NEV] 
      HAPP5S 9 ANY TRADE ?AT ALL ! WORKM5 RECEIVE ! FULL AM\NT ( ! WAGES 
      /AT$ AFT] ALL D$UCTIONS >E MADE2 FEW WORKM5 9DE$ >E 9 CON/ANT 
      EMPLOYM5T1 EV5 :5 TRADE IS FL\RI%+2 ! E/IMAT$ PRICES >E ! FULL WAGE 
      LAID D[N BY ! TRADE UNIONS1 BUT MO/ WORK]S UNPROTECT$ BY A UNION1 & 9 BAD 
      TIMES EV5 M5 9SIDE ! UNION1 (T5 WORK = LESS ?AN ! FULL WAGE2 SOME1 AS 
      9 ! BUILD+ TRADES1 >E NEV] EMPLOY$ = A L>GE P>T ( ! YE>2 & 9 ALL 
      TRADES IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO KEEP UP ! /&>D ( WAGES )\T OCCASIONAL 
      /RIKES & LOCK \TS4 ,IT MU/ BE REMEMB]$1 TOO1 ?AT ! WORKMAN IS (T5 TAX$ 
      9 ! =M ( HIS SUBSCRIPTION TO HIS TRADES UNION OR B5EFIT SOCIETY1 :I* FROM 
      ONE PO9T ( VIEW MEANS ?AT HE HELPS HIS MA/] TO PAY HIS POOR-RATE4 ,MOREOV] IT 
      IS D\BTFUL IF ! UNIONS >E /RONG 5\< PECUNI>ILY TO HOLD \T AGA9/ A 
      CONT9U$ DEPRESSION ( TRADE4 
     
     

      ,H[EV]1 ! QUE/ION ( ?IS D\BTFUL IMPROVEM5T 9 ! POSITION ( ! 
      BETT]-(F WORKM5 IS BY ! WAY4 ,! REAL PO9T IS1 FIR/1 ?AT !RE >E MANY 
      9DICATIONS ?AT ?IS IMPROVEM5T CANNOT BE SU/A9$ 9 ! FACE ( ! CONT9U\S 
      9CREASE 9 ! PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR1 & ?AT ! POSITION ( ! SKILL$ 
      ME*ANIC IS A PREC>I\S ONE2 & SECONDLY1 IT IS CLE> ?AT H[EV] ! WORKM5'S 
      POSITION MAY HAVE IMPROV$1 !Y >E GR[+ DISCONT5T$ ) IT1 S9CE IT IS 
      BECOM+ MANIFE/ TO !M ?AT IT IS ONE ( 9F]IORITY1 & QUITE UNNECESS>ILY 
      SO4 ,& ?AT ESPECIALLY S9CE ! MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION IS LESS & LESS 
      UND]TAK5 BY ! SO-CALL$ MANUFACTUR]S1 :O >E MORE & MORE BECOM+ M]E 
      F9ANCI]S1 OR %>EHOLD]S OBVI\SLY LIV+ ON ! PRIVILEGE ( TAX+ LABOR1 
      BO? ?AT ( ! 'H&' & ( ! MANAG]4 
     
     

      ,ALL ?IS HAS BE5 GRADUALLY DAWN+ ON ! WORKM5 ( ! ,CONT95T1 & ESPECIALLY 
      ( ,G]MANY 7SO MU* MORE 9TELLECTUALLY ADVANC$ ?AN ! ,BRITI% WORKM57 S9CE 
      ! B\RGEOIS CON/ITUTIONAL REVOLUTION ( '#d#h4 
     
     

      #a4,A V]Y OLD FRI5D1 :O HAS BE5 = MANY YE>S 
      5GAG$ 9 TUITION AT ,OX=D1 HAS TOLD ME ?AT ! PRESSURE !RE HAS 5ORM\SLY 
      9CREAS$ S9CE ,I WAS AN UND]GRADUATE2 ?AT = 9/ANCE ! K9D ( MAN :OSE 
      ATTA9M5TS W\LD ONCE HAVE 5SUR$ HIM A MA/]%IP AT ,RUGBY OR ,H>R[ HAS N[ TO 
      PUT UP ) A PLACE AT A ?IRD-RATE GRAMM> S*OOL1 & ?AT ! COMPETITION = 
      QUITE 9SIGNIFICANT PO/S IS MO/ SEV]E4 -,W4 ,M4 BACK 
     

      ,COMMONWEAL1 ,VOLUME #d1 ,NUMB] #a#a#c1 #a ,M>* #a#h#h#h1 ,P,P4 #g#f-#g#g 
     

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

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