,*APT] #ag 
,SCI5TIFIC ,SOCIALISM - ,CONV]SION ( ,CAPITAL 9TO ,MONEY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

      ,SAYS ,M>X3 ',! CIRCULATION ( COMMODITIES IS ! 
      />T+ PO9T ( CAPITAL3 ! PRODUCTION ( COMMODITIES1 !IR CIRCULATION1 & 
      ?AT MORE DEVELOP$ =M ( !IR CIRCULATION CALL$ COMM]CE1 !SE =M ! 
      HI/ORICAL GR\NDWORK FROM :I* IT RISES4 ,! MOD]N HI/ORY ( CAPITAL DATES FROM 
      ! CREATION 9 ! #a#f? C5TURY ( A WORLD-EMBRAC+ COMM]CE & A 
      WORLD-EMBRAC+ M>KET4 
     
     

      ,! GREAT REPRES5TATIVE ( ?IS CIRCULATION IS MONEY1 :I* IS ! FIR/ 
      =M 9 :I* CAPITAL APPE>S4 ,9 HI/ORY1 MONEY PRES5TS ITSELF TO US AS 
      OPPOS$ TO L&3 ! M]*ANT IS OPPOS$ TO ! L&[N]2 AN ANTI!SIS 
      :I* /RUCK PEOPLE SO MU* AT ONE P]IOD ?AT !Y EXPRESS$ IT BY MEANS ( A 
      D\BLE PROV]B -- ',NO L& )\T A LORD'1 & ',MONEY HAS NO MA/]'4 ,?IS IS1 9 
      FACT1 ANO!R WAY ( /AT+ ! ANTI!SIS BETWE5 ! ,M$IAEVAL BASIS ( 
      PROP]TY1 VIZ41 /ATUS1 A RECOGNIZ$ POSITION 9 ! GREAT FEUDAL 
      HI]>*Y1 & CONTRACT1 ! COMM]CIAL BASIS1 ON :I* IS BUILT ! 
      POSITION ( ! MOD]N EXPLOIT]4 
     
     

      ,WE MU/ N[ SEE H[ CAPITAL IS BORN1 & ! MANN] 9 :I* IT WORKS AFT] IT HAS 
      BE5 BORN4 
     
     

      ,IT IS BORN \T ( ! OP]ATION EXPRESS$ BY ! =MULA ,M -- ,C -- ,M1 :I* WE HAD 
      TO TAKE NOTE ( 9 \R LA/ *APT]4 ,! ,M 9 ?IS OP]ATION1 AS WE /AT$ BE=E1 
      IMPLIES ALWAYS QUANTITY & NOT QUALITY2 ! SECOND ,M NOT REPRES5T+ M]ELY ! 
      MONEY ! OP]ATION WAS BEGUN )1 BUT AN 9CREAS$ SUM1 O!RWISE ! OP]ATION 
      W\LD BE MEAN+LESS4 ,IT REMA9S TO BE SE5 H[ ?IS 9CREASE HAS TAK5 PLACE4 
     
     

      ,IT CANNOT HAVE HAPP5$ BY ! M]E PROCESS ( EX*ANGE2 BECAUSE ?AT W\LD MEAN 
      ?AT ! :OLE CAPITALI/IC CLASS WAS LIV+ BY GETT+ ! BETT] ( ! :OLE 
      CAPITALI/IC CLASS1 :I* IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,! 9CREASE ( MONEY 9 ! CAPITALI/IC 
      PROCESS MU/ COME \T ( ! LABOR+ OR PRODUCTIVE CLASS4 
     
     

      ,! MODUS OP]&I ( ?IS CAPITAL-MAK+ MU/ N[ BE NOT$4 ,! LABOR+ 
      CLASS IS NECESS>Y TO ! PRODUCTION ( CAPITAL1 & ! LABOR+ CLASS 9 A 
      PECULI> CONDITION3 ! LABOR]1 TO BE FITT$ = ! PURPOSE ( ! CAPITALI/1 
      MU/ BE SUBMITT$ TO ! OP]ATION ( ! FREE COMPETITION ( ! CAPITALI/ 9 ! 
      M>KET2 ?AT IS1 HIS LABOR-P[] MU/ BE2 = ) ! MAN HIMSELF ( 
      C\RSE ! CAPITALI/ HAS NO?+ :ATEV] TO DO2 NEI!R WILL HIS [N POSITION AS 
      CAPITALI/ ALL[ HIM TO CONSID] HIMSELF AS A MAN2 ACCORD+ TO ! WELL-KN[N 
      PROV]B ',BUS9ESS IS BUS9ESS'4 ,?IS POSITION ( ! LABOR] IS :AT IS UND]/OOD 
      BY ! PHRASE ( A 'FREE LABOR]'3 HIS LABOR-P[] MU/ BE B\<T & SOLD 9 ! 
      M>KET ON ! SAME T]MS AS ANY O!R COMMODITY2 !RE MU/ BE NO 9T]F]5CE ) 
      HIS SELL+ IT AT ! PRICE :I* IT WILL FET*1 A HI< PRICE :5 ! COMPETITION 
      AMONG ! CAPITALI/S IS BRISK1 A L[ PRICE :5 IT IS SLACK2 & AS HE HAS NO 
      O!R COMMODITY TO SELL EXCEPT HIS LABOR-P[]1 HE IS COMPELL$ SO TO 
      SELL IT -- TO BE A 'FREE LABOR]'4 
     
     

      ,IT IS CLE> ?AT ?IS RELATION BETWE5 ! CAPITALI/ & ! LABOR] IS A 
      CONV5TIONAL & NOT A NATURAL ONE2 NATURE DOES NOT PRODUCE M5 :O FROM ! FIR/ 
      >E POSSESSORS ( MONEY :I* IT IS !IR BUS9ESS TO TURN 9TO CAPITAL1 NOR ON ! 
      O!R H& DOES %E PRODUCE M5 :O >E POSSESSORS ( LABOR-P[] :I* !Y >E 
      COMPELL$ TO SELL 9 ! FREE & OP5 M>KET TO O!R M54 ,AS A CONSEQU5CE ?IS 
      RELATION IS NOT COMMON TO ALL HI/ORICAL P]IODS2 BUT HAS DEVELOP$ FROM MANY 
      ECONOMICAL REVOLUTIONS1 :I* HAVE SUCCESSIVELY EXT+UI%$ PRIOR =MS ( SOCIAL 
      PRODUCTION4 
     
     

      ,IT WILL BE SE51 !N1 ?AT 9 ! FULLY DEVELOP$ COMM]CIAL P]IOD ! 
      CAPITALI/1 ! REASON = :OSE EXI/5CE IS ! TURN+ ( MONEY 9TO CAPITAL1 
      & :O IS ! [N] & ! ORGANIZ] ( ! :OLE ( PRODUCTION1 CANNOT C>RY ON 
      HIS BUS9ESS )\T HAV+ READY TO HIS H& A CLASS :O >E AN ADJUNCT ( ! 
      MA*9]Y NECESS>Y TO HIS BUS9ESS1 & :O1 ON !IR SIDE1 HAVE NO O!R REASON 
      = EXI/5CE1 SO LONG AS !Y >E DULY OB$I5T TO ! SY/EM UND] :I* !Y 
      LIVE1 SAVE ACT+ AS SU* PORTION ( ?IS MA*9]Y4 
     
     

      ,WE HAVE N[ COME TO ! SUBJECT ( SURPLUS-VALUE1 FROM :I* IS D]IV$ PR(IT1 
      R5T1 & 9T]E/4 ,?IS WILL =M ! SUBJECT ( \R NEXT *APT]4 
     
     

      ,COMMONWEAL1 ,VOLUME #c1 ,NUMB] #f#c1 #bf ,M>* #a#h#h#g1 ,P4 #aa 
     

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b#h1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #ag -- ,ADD$4 

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