,*APT] #ae ,SCI5TIFIC ,SOCIALISM - ,K>L ,M>X ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS ,TEXT 3 ,! =EGO+ *APT]S ON MOD]N ,SOCIALI/S MAY BE REG>D$ AS LEAD+ UP TO ! FULL DEVELOPM5T ( ! COMPLETE ,SOCIALI/ !ORY1 OR AS IT IS SOMETIMES CALL$1 'SCI5TIFIC' ,SOCIALISM4 ,! GREAT EXPON5T ( ?IS !ORY1 & ! AU?OR ( ! MO/ ?OR\< CRITICISM ( ! CAPITALI/IC SY/EM ( PRODUCTION1 IS ! LATE ,DR ,K>L ,M>X4 ,HE WAS BORN 9 #ahah AT ,TREVES1 HIS FA!R BE+ A BAPTIZ$ ,JEW HOLD+ AN (FICIAL POSITION 9 ?AT CITY4 ,HE /UDI$ = ! LAW 9 ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,BONN1 PASS+ HIS EXAM9ATION ) HI< HONORS 9 #a#h#d4 ,9 #ahdc HE M>RI$ ,J5NY VON ,WE/PHAL51 SI/] ( ! WELL-KN[N ,PRUSSIAN /ATESMAN ( ?AT NAME4 ,PHILOSOPHY & POLITICAL ECONOMY1 ) ESPECIAL REF]5CE TO ! GREAT SOCIAL PROBLEMS ( ! AGE1 W]E HIS SPECIAL /UDIES ON LEAV+ ! UNIV]SITY4 ,!SE /UDIES L$ HIM T[>DS ,SOCIALISM1 ! RESULT ( :I* WAS ?AT HE FELT COMPELL$ TO DECL9E ! (F] ( AN IMPORTANT GOV]NM5T PO/4 ,AB\T ?IS TIME HE LEFT ,TREVES = ,P>IS1 :]E HE BECAME CO$ITOR ) ,>NOLD ,RUG1 ( ! ,DEUTS*-,FRANZUSIS*5 ,JAHRBU*]2 & HE ALSO $IT$ ! ,SOCIALI/ J\RNAL ,VORW>TS2 BUT 9 LESS ?AN A TWELVEMON? HE WAS COMPELL$ TO LEAVE ,FRANCE = ,BRUSSELS4 ,9 ,M>* #ahdh HE WAS DRIV5 FROM ,BELGIUM & FL$ TO ,COLOGNE1 :]E ! REVOLUTION>Y F]M5T WAS AT ITS HEIY J\RNAL1 :I* WAS SUPPRESS$ ON ! COLLAPSE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 #a#h#d#i4 ,WE %\LD M5TION ?AT 9 #a#h#d#g1 9 CONJUNCTION ) HIS LIFE-LONG FRI5D1 ,FR$]IC ,5GELS1 HE PUT =W>D ! CELEBRAT$ ',COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O'1 :I* SUBSEQU5TLY S]V$ AS ! BASIS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,ASSOCIATION4 ,AFT] #ahdi HE W5T TO ,P>IS AGA91 :]E HE REMA9$ BUT A %ORT TIME1 & !N LEFT ,FRANCE = ,LONDON1 REMA9+ !RE ) BRIEF 9T]MISSIONS TILL HIS DEA?1 :I* TOOK PLACE 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#h#h#c4 ,! PR9CIPAL P>T HE TOOK 9 POLITICAL ACTION DUR+ HIS SOJ\RN 9 ,5GL& WAS ! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,ASSOCIATION4 ,! MO/ IMPORTANT AMONG HIS WORKS BESIDES ',DAS ,KAPITAL' >E ',DIE ,HEILIGE ,FAMILIE'1 WRITT5 9 CONJUNCTION ) ,FR$]IC ,5GELS2 ! ',MIS]E DE ,IA ,PHILOSOPHIE'1 ! ANSW] TO ,PR\DHON M5TION$ 9 \R LA/ >TICLE2 '#a#h ,BRUMAIRE'1 AN ANTI-,NAPOLEONIC PAMPHLET2 & ',ZUR ,KRITIK D] ,POLITIS*] ,ECONOMIC'1 :I* LAID ! F\NDATION = HIS GREAT WORK ',DAS ,KAPITAL'4 ,! IMPORTANCE ( ?IS LATT] WORK MAKES IT NECESS>Y = US TO 9DICATE ! CONT5TS ( ! PR9CIPAL *APT]S1 SO AS TO =M A BRIEF SKET* ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ECONOMY7#a74 ,P>T ,I DEALS ) ,COMMODITIES & ,MONEY4 ,! FIR/ *APT] DEF9ES A COMMODITY4 ,A COMMODITY ACCORD+ TO ,M>X IS BRIEFLY EXPRESS$ AS A SOCIALLY USEFUL PRODUCT ( LABOR :I* /&S 9 RELATION TO O!R SIMIL> USEFUL PRODUCTS ( LABOR4 ,! VALUE ( SU* A COMMODITY IS PRIM>ILY ! AM\NT ( NECESS>Y SOCIAL LABOR CONTA9$ 9 IT3 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ! AV]AGE AM\NT ( LABOR C>RI$ ?R\< A C]TA9 PORTION ( TIME NECESS>Y TO ITS PRODUCTION 9 A GIV5 /ATE ( SOCIETY4 ,! Y\NG /UD5T MU/ TAKE SPECIAL NOTE ?AT :5 ,M>X USES ! WORD VALUE BY ITSELF IT IS ALWAYS US$ 9 ?IS S5SE2 IE41 TO PUT IT 9 A %ORT] =M1 AS EMBODI$ AV]AGE HUMAN LABOR4 ,! T]M ,USE-VALUE EXPLA9S ITSELF4 ,EX*ANGE-VALUE MEANS ! RELATION ( ONE COMMODITY TO ANO!R OR TO ALL O!RS4 ,! ULTIMATE ISSUE ( ! V>I\S EXPRESSIONS ( ,VALUE IS ! MONEY =M3 BUT 9 ! WORDS ( ,M>X1 ! /EP TO ! MONEY-=M 'CONSI/S 9 ?IS ALONE1 ?AT ! *>ACT] ( DIRECT & UNIV]SAL EX*ANGEABILITY -- 9 O!R WORDS1 ?AT ! UNIV]SAL EQUIVAL5T =M -- HAS N[ BY SOCIAL CU/OM BECOME ID5TIFI$ ) ! SUB/ANCE GOLD'4 ,! SECOND *APT] DEALS ) ,EX*ANGE4 ,EX*ANGE1 SAYS ,M>X1 PRESUPPOSES GU>DIANS OR [N]S ( COMMODITIES1 S9CE !SE CANNOT GO TO M>KET ( !MSELVES4 ,A COMMODITY POSSESSES = ! [N] NO USE-VALUE :]E HE SEEKS TO EX*ANGE IT3 IF IT DID1 HE W\LD NOT SEEK TO EX*ANGE IT4 ',ALL COMMODITIES'1 SAYS ,M>X1 '>E NONUSE VALUES = !IR [N]S & USE VALUES = !IR NON-[N]S4 ,CONSEQU5TLY !Y MU/ ALL *ANGE H&S4 ,BUT ?IS *ANGE ( H&S IS :AT CON/ITUTES !IR EX*ANGE1 & ! LATT] PUTS !M 9 RELATION ) EA* O!R AS VALUES1 & REALIZES !M AS VALUES4 ,H5CE COMMODITIES MU/ BE REALIZ$ AS VALUES BE=E !Y CAN BE REALIZ$ AS USE-VALUES4' ,COMMODITIES1 !N1 F9D !IR UNIV]SAL VALUE REPRES5T$ BY ONE COMMODITY FROM AMONG !M1 :I* HAS 9 ITSELF NO USE-VALUE UNLESS IT BE ?AT ( REPRES5T+ OR ( SYMBOLIZ+ ! AB/RACT QUALITY ( VALUE4 ,*APT] ,I,I,I DEALS ) ! CIRCULATION ( COMMODITIES UND] ! MONEY =M4 ,H]E ,M>X V]Y JU/LY OBS]VES3 ',IT IS BECAUSE ALL COMMODITIES AS VALUES >E REALIZ$ HUMAN LABOR1 & !RE=E COMM5SURABLE1 ?AT !IR VALUES CAN BE MEASUR$ BY ONE & ! SAME SPECIAL COMMODITY1 & ! LATT] BE CONV]T$ 9TO ! COMMON MEASURE ( !IR VALUE -- IE41 9TO MONEY4 ,MONEY AS A MEASURE ( VALUE IS ! PH5OM5AL =M ?AT MU/ ( NECESSITY BE ASSUM$ BY ?AT MEASURE ( VALUE :I* IS IMMAN5T 9 COMMODITIES1 LABOR TIME4' ,?IS LONG & IMPORTANT *APT] PROCE$S TO DISCUSS ! !ORY ( CIRCULAT+ MONEY OR ( CURR5CY AT CONSID]ABLE L5G? & 9 GREAT DETAIL4 ,! SUBJECT IS ONE ( SU* IMPORTANCE & ) RESPECT TO :I* SO MANY FALLACIES >E AFLOAT1 ?AT WE PROPOSE TO DEVOTE \R NEXT >TICLE TO AN EXPOSITION ( ITS LEAD+ FEATURES4 #a4,WE MU/ REM9D ! READ] ?AT WE DO NOT PR(ESS TO (F] MORE ?AN SOME H9TS TO ! /UD5T ( ,M>X4 ,ANY?+ APPROA*+ TO AN AB/RACT ( ',DAS ,KAPITAL' W\LD TAKE UP SPACE F> BEYOND ! LIMITS ( ! PRES5T LITTLE WORKBACK4 ,COMMONWEAL1 ,VOLUME #c1 ,NUMB] #e#i1 #bf ,FEBRU>Y #a#h#h#g1 ,P,P4 #ff - #fg ,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,FEBRU>Y #b#h1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #ae -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/