,SOCIAL ,HI/ORIES ( ,AN>*ISM ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,C>L ,LEVY ,TEXT 3 ,9TRODUCTION3 ,OV]VIEW ,?IS >TICLE IS A SYNOPTIC OV]VIEW ( A L>G] PROJECT ON ! SOCIAL HI/ORIES ( AN>*ISM FROM ! EITICLE >E A DISCUSSION ( ! P]IODIZATION ( AN>*ISM AS AN ISM1 AN IDEOLOGY ORIG9AT+ 9 N9ETE5?-C5TURY ,EUROPE1 & ITS RELATION%IP TO & DIFF]5CES ) MORE G5]AL LIB]T>IAN OR NONCO]CIVE MODES ( BEHAVIOR & ORGANIZATION F\ND 9 ALL HUMAN SOCIETIES4 ,SECONDLY1 ! DISSEM9ATION ( AN>*ISM 7& SYNDICALISM7 ?R\<\T ! GLOBE & ?US ! ROLE ( ! ,GLOBAL ,S\? 9 ! HI/ORY ( AN>*ISM WILL BE SURVEY$4 ,?IS >TICLE FOCUSES ON ! P]IOD ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM 7#a#h#fS TO #a#i#dS7 & !RE=E DISCUSSES ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 PREAN>*ISM & CLASSICAL AN>*ISM ON ! ONE H&1 & CLASSICAL AN>*ISM & PO/AN>*ISM ON ! O!R4 ,ONCE ?AT IS E/ABLI%$1 :I* 9 TURN SETS ! CONTEXT = ! IDEOLOGY ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM1 ! >TICLE PROCE$S TO EXAM9E ! DISSEM9ATION & RECEPTION ( AN>*ISM FROM ! #a#h#hS TO #a#i#a#d--9 MANY WAYS ! HEYDAY ( AN>*ISM AS A GLOBAL MOVEM5T1 9 :I* IT COMPET$ )1 & AT TIMES *ALL5G$1 ! HEGEMONY ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,?IS *ALL5GE WAS MO/ SUCCESSFULLY M\NT$ :]E AN>*ISM M]G$ ) OR LIV$ UND] ! PROTECTIVE COV] ( ! SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,?US1 A DISCUSSION ( ! RELATION%IPS AMONG AN>*ISM1 SYNDICALISM1 & ! GLOBALIZATION ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T 9 ! P]IOD #a#h#h-#a#i#a#d IS PURSU$4 ,BUT AN>*ISM ALSO 0PUN*$ OV] ITS WEI*I/ CULTURE & AN>*I/ PRACTICES SEEP$ 9TO ! BROAD] SOCIALI/ & LABOR MOVEM5TS ?R\< POPUL> =MS ( SOCIABILITY ON ! ONE H& & ! CLOSE RELATION%IP ( AVANT-G>DE LIT]ATURE & ! FIGURATIVE >TS ON ! O!R4 ,?US ! SOCIOLOGY & SOCIAL HI/ORY ( PATT]NS ( NEI*I/ SUBCULTURES >E DISCUSS$ 9 T&EM ) A REVIEW ( ! LIT]ATURE ON ! RELATION%IPS AMONG ! 9TELLIG5TSIA1 AN>*ISM1 & BOHEMIA4 ,! >TICLE CONCLUDES ) A REVIEW ( ! GR[+ LIT]ATURE ON ! DISSEM9ATION & RECEPTION ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,S\?4 ,/&>D ACC\NTS ( AN>*ISM 7,MAX ,NETTLAU1 ,JAMES ,JOLI1 ,GEORGE ,WOODCOCK1 & ,PET] ,M>%ALL7 COMB9E R5DITIONS ( HI/ORIES ( IDEAS1 POLITICAL BIOGRAPHY1 & ACC\NTS ( POLITICAL & SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,BUT MY PROJECT SEEKS TO COLLATE & EMPLOY ! \TP\R+ ( PUBLI%$ & UNPUBLI%$ ACADEMIC WRIT+ ON ! SOCIAL HI/ORY ( AN>*ISM1 A PRODUCT ( ! EXPLOSIVE GR[? ( HI<] $UCATION S9CE ! #a#i#fS & ! ACCOMPANY+ 9NOVATIONS 9 HI/ORIOGRAPHY1 ! SOCIAL SCI5CES1 & ! HUMANITIES4 ,BY EMPLOY+ SIMIL> ME?ODOLOGIES & ASK+ SIMIL> QUE/IONS AB\T AN>*ISM ?AT HAVE BE5 POS$ 9 K9DR$ FIELDS ( SOCIAL1 SOCIALI/1 & LABOR HI/ORIES1 AN>*ISM IS NO LONG] APPROA*$ AS A CONTEXT-LESS1 AHI/ORICAL /UDY 9 SOCIAL PA?OLOGY4 ,9 !IR REC5T MAGI/]IAL ACC\NT1 ,MI*AEL ,S*MIDT & ,LUCI5 VAN D] ,WALT HAVE BE5 9SPIR$ BY ?IS ME?OD4 ,H[EV] !Y LIMIT !IR PROJECT TO 0CLASS /RUGGLE AN>*ISM10 ESS5TIALLY V>IATIONS ON SYNDICALI/ & PEASANT =MS ( AN>*ISM4.<#a.> ,AL?\< !Y HAVE PRODUC$ AN IMPRESSIVE GLOBAL MAPP+ ( ASPECTS ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM1 !IR T]MS ( REF]5CE >E TOO LIMIT$ & SECT>IAN = MY TA/ES4 ,I WILL RETURN TO !IR IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION TO ! MAPP+ ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,S\? LAT] 9 ?IS >TICLE4 ,9 ANY CASE1 FULL 5GAGEM5T ) O!R DISCIPL9ES 9 ! SOCIAL SCI5CES1 AS REC5TLY SUGGE/$ BY ,DAVIDE ,TURCATO1 IS /ILL TO BE C>RI$ \T ON A GLOBAL SCALE4.<#b.> ,OV]VIEW ( ! ,PROJECT ,?US ?IS >TICLE IS AB\T HI/ORICAL P]IODIZATION & DEF9ITIONAL B\ND>IES1 ! DISSEM9ATION ( MODES ( ORGANIZATION & ! 9T]SECTIONS ( IDEAS & CULTURES1 PLAY$ \T )9 ! IMP]IAL C>VE-\T ( ! GLOBE & ?R\< ! CIRCUITS ( CAPITAL & LABOR ?AT EMBRAC$ IT BY #a#i#a#d4 ,AN>*ISM WAS AN ALT]NATIVE =M ( MOD]NITY1 :I* M\NT$ 9 ! MO/ ?OR\< WAY A CRITICISM ( EMPIRE & NATION-/ATE BUT SIMULTANE\SLY WAS P>T & P>CEL ( ! PROCESSES ( MOD]NIZATION & GLOBALIZATION1 :I* SWEPT ! GLOBE BE=E #a#i#a#d4 ,9 A BROAD] PROJECT1 :I* ?IS >TICLE REVIEWS1 ,I COV] 9DIVIDUAL FIELDS ( /UDY ?AT HELP ONE SITUATE AN>*ISM 9 ?IS L>G] FRAMEWORK1 SOME ( :I* ,I PUBLI%$ E>LI] 9 MY C>E]1 :ILE O!RS AWAIT PUBLICATION3 ,! NOTIONS ( 0PRIMITIVE0 SOCIETY 9 EI*ISM ,A SOCIAL HI/ORY ( AN>*I/ IDEOLOGY ,! DISSEM9ATION & RECEPTION ( AN>*ISM.<#c.> ,LABOR MOVEM5TS1 AN>*ISM1 & SYNDICALISM.<#d.> ,9T]NATIONALISM1 NATIONALISM1 & AN>*ISM.<#e.> ,! ,GLOBAL ,S\? & AN>*ISM ,PEASANT RADICALISM & AN>*ISM ,! 9TELLIG5TSIA1 >TI/S1 BOHEMIAN URBAN QU>T]S1 & AN>*ISM.<#f.> ,! SOCIAL & CULTURAL HI/ORY ( AN>*I/ T]RORISM.<#g.> ,! SELF-$UCAT$ & AN>*ISM.<#h.> ,FEM9ISM1 ANTIFEM9ISM1 & AN>*ISM ,! SOCIAL ORIG9S ( COMMUNISM3 ! AN>*I/ ROOTS.<#i.> ,SPANI% EXCEPTIONALISM.<#a.> ,AN>*ISM AFT] #a#i#d#e3 ! $UCAT$ MIDDLE CLASSES1 NEW SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 & V>IETIES ( C\NT]CULTURE ,MY FUTURE AIM IS TO SYN!SIZE PUBLI%$ & =?COM+ WORKS 9 A SUMM>Y MONOGRAPH1 ! /RUCTURE ( :I* IS ANTICIPAT$ 9 ?IS >TICLE4 ,AS A P>TISAN ( A MAGPIE APPROA*1 ,I EMPLOY ! ME?ODOLOGICAL TOOL BE/ SUIT$ = ! TASK AT H&2 9 ?IS S5SE ! 5T]PRISE IS 9SPIR$ BY LIB]T>IAN PRAGMATISM1 !RE IS NO MA/] !ORY1 ?\< A *RONOLOGICAL & DEF9ITIONAL B\ND$ N>RATIVE IS PRES5T4 ,EA* SUBFIELD REQUIRES A DIFF]5T TYPE ( ME?ODOLOGY DRAWN FROM ! SOCIAL SCI5CES1 HI/ORY1 OR ! HUMANITIES4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,QU5T9 ,SK9N]S CONTEXTUAL APPROA*1 L+UI/IC DISC\RSE ANALYSIS1 ,RE9H>T ,KOSELLECKS 0CONCEPTUAL HI/ORY10 OR ,?OMAS ,DIXONS 0WORD HI/ORY0 MAY BE APPROPRIATE = ! 9VE/IGATION ( ! CON/RUCTION ( ! ISM1 AN>*ISM4 ,! FL\RI%+ FIELDS ( NATIONALISM OR DIASPORA /UDIES1 OR ASPECTS ( GLOBAL POLITICAL ECONOMY >E USEFUL = ! /UDY ( ! !ME NATIONALISM1 9T]NATIONALISM1 & AN>*ISM4.<#a#a.> ,9DE$ AT ! ,EUROPEAN ,SOCIAL ,SCI5CE ,HI/ORY ,CONF]5CE1 HELD 9 ,LISBON 9 #b#h1 SEV]AL PANELS W]E DEVOT$ TO APPROA*+ ! HI/ORY ( AN>*ISM 9 MU* ! SAME WAY AS SUGGE/$ H]E4 ,?US PANELI/S EMPLOY$ SOCIAL MOVEM5T !ORY1.<#a#b.> SOCIOLOGICAL !ORIES ( COLLECTIVE VIOL5CE & REPRESSION1.<#a#c.> ,F\CAULDIAN SOCIAL !ORY1.<#a#d.> !ORIES ( GEOGRAPHICAL SPACE1.<#a#e.> & NETWORK !ORY4.<#a#f.> ,BUT BE=E WE 5GAGE ) !SE APPROA*ES1 A DISCUSSION ( HI/ORICAL P]IODIZATION IS 9 ORD]4 ,CLASSICAL ,AN>*ISM3 ,DEF9ITION & ,P]IODIZATION ,! P]IODIZATION ( AN>*ISM IS A CONTROV]SIAL SUBJECT4 ,?US 9 /&>D ACC\NTS1 AN>*I/ ?\*I/-TYPE SOCIAL OR POLITICAL MOVEM5TS >E V>I\SLY ID5TIFI$ 9 CLASSICAL ,GREECE1 ANCI5T ,*9A1 M$IEVAL ,EUROPE1 ,CIVIL ,W> ,5GL&1 & ,REVOLUTION>Y ,P>IS4.<#a#g.> ,ON ! O!R H&1 ANO!R GR\P ( HI/ORIANS ( IDEAS & POLITICAL PHILOSOPH]S ASS]T ?AT AN>*ISM1 AS A SELF-CONSCI\S IDEOLOGY1 IS A PRODUCT ( N9ETE5?-C5TURY ,EUROPEAN POLITICS & ?\*I/ POLITICAL ?\ ,IT IS AN IDEOLOGY =M$ 9 ! AFT]%OCK ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION & ! DYNAMICS ( REVOLUTION & RE/ORATION ?AT CONSUM$ ,FR5* POLITICS UNTIL #a#h#g#a4 ,IT IS ALSO %AP$ BY ! EM]G5T GLOBAL ECONOMY & ! COMB9$ & UNEV5 DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM 9 ,EUROPE4 ,AN>*ISM IS ! CUMULATIVE REWORK+ ( ,R\SSEAU1 ,COMTE1 & ,HEGEL ?R\< ! L5SES ( ,GODW91 ,PR\DHON1 ,BAKUN91 & ,KROPOTK94 ,BY ! LATE N9ETE5? C5TURY ! CLASSICAL AN>*I/ CANON & ITS ASSOCIAT$ PRACTICES W]E EMB$D$ 9 A SELF-CONSCI\SLY AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ) V>IATIONS ON ! C5TRAL !ME 7,9DIVIDUALISM1 ,COLLECTIVISM1 ,COMMUNISM1 & ,SYNDICALISM74 ,ONE CAN ALSO SITUATE AN>*ISM EXT]NALLY ON A CONT9UUM BETWE5 LIB]ALISM & /ATE SOCIALISM4 ,9 TURN1 TYPES ( AN>*ISM >E SITUAT$ 9T]NALLY BY DIFF]+ ATTITUDES T[>D ! ECONOMY & ORGANIZATION4.<#a#i.> ,BUT ALL TYPES ( AN>*ISM HAD A COMMON DRIVE = A FUTURE )\T ! /ATE1 A COMMITM5T TO ! AUTONOMY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 & A QUE/ = VOLUNT>Y CONS5SUS3 AN>*I/S MIIAN MANN]1 BUT AT LEA/ 9 !ORY AN>*I/S DID NOT =CE US TO BE FREE4 ,UND\BT$LY 9 REALLY EXI/+ SOCIAL MOVEM5TS 7EXCEPT ?OSE COMPOS$ ( PACIFI/S71 AN>*I/S BEHAV$ MORE LIKE LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/S1 9 ?AT VIOL5CE1 EV5 ! SURGICAL VIOL5CE ADVOCAT$ BY ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 = EXAMPLE1 9VOLV$ CO]CION &_/OR KILL+4 ,?US AN>*I/S ACTIVE 9 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS 9 ! CLASSICAL PHASE W]E 9 !ORY PHILOSOPHICAL AN>*I/S1 BUT 9 PRACTICE LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/S3 9DE$ ?IS WAS ACKN[L$G$ BY ,MALATE/A AT SEV]AL OCCASIONS & BY WOR?Y ADV]S>IES SU* AS ,L\IS ,PO/1 AN ,AM]ICAN (FICIAL 9VOLV$ 9 FREE+ IMPRISON$ AN>*I/S 9 ! WAKE ( ,AM]ICAS ,R$ ,SC>E ( #a#i#a#i4.<#b.> ,AS AB/RACT IDEOLOGY1 AN>*ISM MAY HAVE AS ITS !SIS LIB]ALISM & AS ITS ANTI!SIS SOCIALISM1 :ILE AWAIT+ A SATISFACTORY SYN!SIS4 ,YET AS APPLI$ IDEOLOGY1 IT IS SOCIALISMS SPURN$1 ABUS$1 & IGNOR$ LOYAL OPPOSITION1 MA9TA9+ A VIGILANT WEA!R EYE = ! EM]G5CE ( NEW =MS ( HI]>*Y1 C5TRALIZATION1 & MONOPOLIES ( P[]1 PROP]TY1 OR O!R 9TANGIBLE ADVANTAGES )9 ! ,LEFT ITSELF & 9 ANY PO/REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T4.<#b#a.> ,CLASSICAL AN>*ISM WAS NO LONG] VIABLE OR ATTRACTIVE AFT] ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> & ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>1 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! ,COLD ,W> OR ! WELF>E /ATE & A MASS CONSUM] SOCIETY4 ,H]E ! /UD5T1 ! /UD5T DROP\T1 & ! UNIV]SITY LECTUR] REPLAC$ ! AN>*I/ PEASANT1 ! AN>*I/ >TISAN1 & ! MOBILE SEMISKILL$ AN>*I/ WORK]4 ,! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WAS TRANS=M$ FROM BE+ A MOVEM5T DISPROPORTIONATELY COMPOS$ ( ! SELF-$UCAT$ TO ONE COMPOS$ ( ?OSE 9 POSSESSION ( A CONSID]ABLE AM\NT ( SOCIAL & CULTURAL CAPITAL4 ,9DU/RIAL OR AGR>IAN AN>*ISM WAS REPLAC$ BY PO/MAT]IALI/1 ECOLOGICAL1 OR PO/MOD]N AN>*ISM4 ,! CELEBRATION ( SCI5CE WAS REPLAC$ BY A JAUNDIC$ OR DISMISSIVE ATTITUDE T[>D SCI5CE & TE*NOLOGY4 ,AN>*ISM WAS NO LONG] A REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT BUT A S]IES ( PROVOCATIVE RE=MI/ ACTS--:E!R ( A PRACTICAL B5T 7AS 9 ! EXAMPLE ( ! WORK ( ,COL9 ,W>D.<#b#b.>7 OR AS P>T ( /UD5T & NEW SOCIAL MOVEM5TS FROM ! #a#i#fS ONW>D1 & MORE REC5TLY S9CE ! #a#i#hS ! SYMBOLIC OR GU]RILLA ACTIONS ( GRE5 AN>*I/S & ANTIGLOBALIZATION ACTIVI/S1 OR 9 ! 9TELLECTUAL DISPUTATIONS ( PO/MOD]N AN>*I/S 9 ! ACADEMY4 ,= PO/-MOD]N AN>*I/S1 A PROGRESSIVE TELEOLOGICAL N>RATIVE WAS DISC\NT$4 ,NEV]!LESS1 CURI\SLY1 !SE SAME ADVOCATES ( A PO/MOD]NI/ TAKE ON AN>*ISM DEMON/RAT$ SURPRIS+ REV]5CE = ! PA/ BY CLAIM+ L9KAGES ) ! CLASSICAL AN>*I/ LEGACY 7,/IM] & ,BAKUN971 :ILE O!R AN>*I/S S9CE ! #a#i#eS HAD BE5 9SPIR$ BY CLASSICAL AN>*ISMS AN>*O-FEM9ISM1 ITS =AYS 9TO ECOLOGY1 MO/ NOTABLE 9 ! WORK ( ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 & ATTEMPTS AT E/ABLI%+ URBAN & RURAL COMMUNAL EXP]IM5TS4.<#b#c.> ,EMPLOY+ ,CR[D] S APPROA*1 ONE CAN CREATE AN IDEAL TYPICAL MODEL ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM4 ,?US ANTI/ATISM1 P]FECTIONISM1 & SCI5TISM >E USEFUL IDEOLOGICAL DISCRIM9ATORS1 AL?\< ONE MI*I/ BREW & ! PIGEONHOL+ ( ! WELL-KN[N & MORE OBSCURE FIGURES ( 0CLASSICAL AN>*ISM40.<#b#d.> ,! ANALYTICAL PHILOSOPH] ,PAUL ,MC,LAU*ISMS ESS5CE IS F\ND 9 ITS SKEPTICISM AB\T AU?ORITY4.<#b#e.> ,BUT ,SAMUEL ,CL>K NOTES ?AT CLASSICAL AN>*I/S W]E NOT RADICAL SKEPTICS ( ALL AU?ORITY1 & !Y S\*I/S %\LD NOT BE CONFUS$ ) ! SO-CALL$ UTOPIAN SOCIALI/S ( ! FIR/ ?IRD ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,= ! MO/ P>T CLASSICAL AN>*I/S %>$ ) ,M>X A CRITICAL VIEW ( SOCIALI/ OR COMMUNIT>IAN UTOPIAS4.<#b#f.> ,KROPOTK9S UTOPIA WAS BAS$ ON 5GAGEM5T 9 ! MUNDANE WORLD ( FIELDS1 FACTORIES1 & WORK%OPS1 C\PL$ ) A SOB] APPRECIATION ( ! 9DUCTIVE-D$UCTIVE SCI5TIFIC ME?OD & NOT ! ,M>XIAN ,HEGELIAN DIALECTIC1 :I* HE FELT WAS UTOPIAN 9 ! PEJORATIVE S5SE ( ! WORD4 ,HIS AN>*O-COMMUNI/ POLITICS1 :I* BY ! LATE N9ETE5? C5TURY HAD BECOME ! MA9/REAM AN>*I/ VIEW1 WAS F\ND$ ON SMALL ACTS ( LIB]T>IAN MUTUALISM PLAY$ \T 9 CIVIL SOCIETY1 UND]L9+ HIS BELIEF ?AT REVOLUTION WAS POSSIBLE BECAUSE 9/ITUTIONS ( PRES5T-DAY1 EV]YDAY LIFE H>BOR$ ! SE$S ( AN AN>*I/ FUTURE4 ,?US ,KROPOTK9 COMB9$ ! RE=MI/ SKEPTICISM ( ,$W>D ,B]N/E91 ! CAUTION ( ! EMPIRICAL SCI5TI/1 & ! ZEAL ( ! REVOLUTION>Y4.<#b#g.> ,BUT :ATEV] =M ( FUTURE SOCIETAL >RANGEM5T /IMULAT$ ! AN>*I/S' IMAG9ATIONS1 NO AN>*I/ C\LD D5Y ! NE$ TO DO AWAY ) ! /ATE4 ,IF ?IS IS ! CASE1 ! CONCEPT ( AN>*ISM AS A CONTEXT-LESS & TIMELESS IDEOLOGY CAUSES PROBLEMS IF ONE WANTS TO EMBRACE ! FAMILY TREE APPROA* TO /UDY+ ! ORIG9S1 EVOLUTION1 & DISSEM9ATION ( A SELF-CONSCI\S DOCTR9E CALL$ 0AN>*ISM40 ,IT IS V]Y DIFFICULT TO BE ANTI/ATI/ IF ! MOD]N /ATE =M DOES NOT EXI/ & ! CONCEPT IS ALI5 TO ! PREVAIL+ CULTURE4 ,! MOD]N /ATE AS ! MO/ EFFECTIVE & COMPACT 5G9E ( P[] DEVIS$ BY HUMANK9D WAS A PRODUCT ( FEUDAL ,EUROPE4 ,REC5T RESE>* HAS >GU$ ?AT ANCI5T PRI/9E /ATES 7,M9OAN1 ,SUM]IAN1 ,EGYPTIAN1 ,9DUS ,VALLEY1 ,YELL[ RIV]1 ,MESOAM]ICAN1 & ,P]UVIAN /ATES7 W]E G5]ALLY SUCCE$$ BY A V>IETY ( O!R =MS ( RULE2 & ?US = ?\S&S ( YE>S1 ONCE ! PRI/9E /ATE DECL9$1 EMPIRE )\T A C5TRAL MOD]N NATION-/ATE CORE1 GUILDS1 CITY-/ATE COMMUNES1 RELIGI\S FRAT]NITIES1 OV]SEAS TRAD+ COMPANIES1 & UNIV]SAL RELIGI\S ORGANIZATION CON/ITUT$ MO/ =MS ( GOV]NANCE 9 ,EURASIA & VA/ >EAS ( ,AFRICA & ! ,AM]ICAS BE=E ,EUROPE'S E>LY MOD]N P]IOD4.<#b#h.> ,IF WE TURN TO SO-CALL$ PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES1 :5 ,H>OLD ,B>CLAY1 ,PI]RE ,CLA/RES1 OR ,DAVID ,GRAEB].<#b#i.> DISCUSS /ATELESS SOCIETIES OR 0PEOPLE )\T GOV]NM5T10 !SE AN?ROPOLOGI/S >E AT !IR MO/ 9T]E/+ :5 !Y SITUATE !SE SOCIETIES ON A SCALE FROM CO]CION TO CONS5SUS1 NOT ON A SCALE :I* MEASURES ! DEGREE TO :I* !Y HAVE APPROXIMAT$ A 0/ATELESS SOCIETY0--NONS5SICAL 9 ! GIV5 CONTEXTS1 ALBEIT REC5TLY ,SAMUEL ,CL>K PROVID$ US ) FOOD = ?\*I/S4.<#c.> ,TO REPEAT3 CLASSICAL AN>*ISM WAS A CRITIQUE ( ! MOD]N /ATE1 A CRITIQUE ( ! MO/ EFFECTIVE CON/ELLATION ( P[] HUMAN BE+S HAVE EV] CON/RUCT$4.<#c#a.> ,! LEGACIES ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM MAY HAVE 9FLU5C$ PO/MOD]N !ORIES ( 9=MAL MICROP[]1 & SU* 9SI*ISM TO ANALYZE ITS POLITICAL ECONOMY1 ITS =MS ( CONVIVIALITY1.<#c#b.> ! ROLES ( G5D] & SEXUALITY1.<#c#c.> & ! HIDD5 9=MAL P[] /RUCTURES ( ! MOVEM5T ITSELF1 BUT A FOCUS$ ANALYSIS ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM )9 ITS HI/ORICAL CONTEXT NE$S TO /ICK TO ANTI/ATISM AS ONE ( ! KEY DISCRIM9ATORS1 EV5 IF CLASSICAL AN>*I/S DID NOT IGNORE O!R =MS ( HI]>*Y & P[] 7SLAV]Y1 ! PATRI>*AL FAMILY1 ! ,*UR*1 AMONG O!RS74.<#c#d.> ,! MO/ 9T]E/+ HI/ORICAL AN?ROPOLOGICAL WORK RETRACES H[ ! /ATE CAME TO SEE ITSELF AS A /ATE & ACT LIKE A /ATE1 & ! PROCESS BY :I* IT !N AGGR&IZ$ ADJAC5T ZONES 9 :I* ! /ATE =M WAS 9*OATE OR NONEXI/5T4 ,JAMES ,SCOTT HAS ANALYZ$ ! DISA/R\S 9T]ACTION ( ! HI< MOD]N /ATE & ITS AGR>IAN H9T]L&1 FROM ! ,SOVIET ,UNION TO ,BRAZIL--A DISCUSSION TO :I* ?IS >TICLE RETURNS :5 IT DISCUSSES COMP>ATIVE /UDIES ( PEASANT AN>*ISM4 ,HIS MORE REC5T AN>*I/ HI/ORY FOCUSES ON ,ZOMIA1 AN >EA ( HIIETY ( GR\PS 7OR EVOLV+ E?NICITIES7 FL$ FROM /ATE-CONTROLL$ VALLEYS & REMA9$ \T ( ! REA* ( ! 9FRA/RUCTURAL P[] ( ! MOD]NIZ+ /ATE UNTIL ! SECOND HALF ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4.<#c#e.> ,9 A SIMIL> FA%ION1 ,PET] ,L9EBAU< & ,M>CUS ,R$IK] DESCRIBE 9 FASC9AT+ DETAIL ! PIRATE 0AN>*I/0 CONF$]ACIES ( ! EIIBBEAN ,SPANI% ,MA91 :]EAS O!RS HAVE RELAT$ ! HI/ORY ( ,M>OON OR RUNAWAY SLAVE REPUBLICS 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN & ,BRAZIL4.<#c#f.> ,9 ALL ( !SE CASES ! IDEOLOGY ( AN>*ISM IS NOT PRES5T 7AL?\< NE>LY SO 9 ! PIRATE CONF$]ACIES72 RA!R1 !Y >E /UDIES ( ! TRANSITION ZONE1 :]E A FULLY FL$G$ WORLD SY/EM ( NATION-/ATES & ! GLOBAL M>KET >E RAPIDLY *ANG+ ! RULES ( ! 0SOV]EIGNTY GAME10 & 9 ?IS RESPECT !SE /UDIES >E 9T]E/+ HALFWAY H\SES4 ,9DE$1 :5 ,I DISCUSS ! SOCIAL & GEOPOLITICAL BASES = ! SELF-CONSCI\S IDEOLOGICAL AN>*ISM ( ,MEXICAN OR ,UKRA9IAN RURAL MOVEM5TS ( ! E>LY TW5TIE? C5TURY1 ! P>ALLELS TO ! !MES ( C5T] & P]IPH]Y1 GLOBAL M>KET1 & /ATE P[] >E V]Y SUGGE/IVE 9DE$4 ,LET US TURN TO ,CR[D]S O!R TWO DISCRIM9ATORS1 P]FECTIONISM & SCI5TISM4 ,!SE TWO >E 9T]L9K$ TO :AT HAS BE5 CALL$ ! 0,5LI*ISM TO !SE DISCRIM9ATORS8 ,IS CLASSICAL AN>*ISM A SPUNKY MILL5>IAN LEFTOV] FROM AN OLD] ]A1 AS ,G]ALD ,BR5AN OR ,]IC ,HOBSBAWM FAM\SLY >GU$ 9 !IR ACC\NTS ( ,SPANI% AN>*ISM8.<#c#g.> ,DOES AN 9VOCATION ( ! IDEOLOGY ( AN>*ISM HAVE ANY PUR*ASE 9 EI!R ,NORMAN ,COHNS PORTRAYAL ( M$IEVAL ,*RI/IAN MOVEM5TS 9 ,EUROPE.<#c#h.> OR 9DE$ ,PATRICIA ,CRONES ORIG9AL & FASC9AT+ ACC\NT ( N9?-C5TURY ,MUSLIM 0AN>*I/0 ?9K]S 9 ,BASRA8.<#c#i.> ,AN>*ISM AS ISM IS NOT ONLY RATIONAL1 AS ,TURCATO >GUES.<#d.>2 IT IS RATIONALI/4 ,IT IS UN?9KABLE )\T ! POPUL>IZATION ( ! SCI5TIFIC ME?OD & ! ,5LI*I/S >E RI*ISM 9 ITS SCI5TIFIC & POSITIVI/ METAN>RATIVE 7AL?\< !Y MAY BE WRONG TO BE DISMISSIVE ( ?IS 9H]ITANCE & TO HAVE C>ICATURIZ$ AN>*I/ POSITIVISM 9 ! B>GA974 ,CLASSICAL AN>*I/S W]E PROG5ITORS ( MOD]NITY4 ,!Y W]E QUITE LIT]ALLY ,MAX ,WEB] S ALT] EGO1 P]HAPS S$UCTIVE & EMB>RASS+ MEMB]S ( ! FAMILY1 BUT DEF9ITELY %>+ ! SAME G5ETIC CODE4.<#d#a.> ,?US ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S W]E NOT PRIMITIVE REBELS1 AS ,]IC ,HOBSBAWM FAM\SLY SUGGE/$2 !Y W]E P>T & P>CEL ( ! SOCIALI/ 9TELLECTUAL DEBATE ( ! LATE N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,HOBSBAWM N>RATES AN EVOLUTION>Y /ORY1 A FALSE G5EALOGY1 TO PROVE ! EFFECTIV5ESS & MOD]NITY ( HIS PREF]R$ V>IETY ( ,M>XISM4.<#d#b.> ,H[EV]1 WE %\LD TAKE C>E NOT TO BE OV]LY ZEAL\S B\ND>Y GU>DS BETWE5 ! RELIGI\S & SECUL> WORLDS4 ,! NOTION ?AT ! ,5LIISM IS N[ L>GELY DEBUNK$4 ,& ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 RELIGION & MOD]N SCI5CE IS F> MORE COMPLEX ?AN WE SUPPOS$4 ,?US ! 0PRECURSOR TO AN>*ISM10 ,WILLIAM ,GODW91 WAS A DISS5T+ ,*RI/IAN1 A ,MUGGLETONIAN AN>*I/1 & 9DE$ A ,:IG ,CON/ITUTIONALI/ ( AN ODD SORT4.<#d#c.> ,BESIDES BE+ A ?OR\< ANTI-,SEMITE & ANTIFEM9I/1 ,PR\DHON WAS A RELIGI\S SOCIALI/1 A LAPS$ ,CA?OLIC A!I/4.<#d#d.> ,BAKUN91 PAN-,SLAVI/1 RADICAL DEMOCRAT & POPULI/1 ,GODS WRE/L+ P>TN]1 WAS ALSO A 0RELIGI\S0 ,FREEMASON4.<#d#e.> ,9 ?IS RESPECT ! RELIGI\S-SECUL> 9T]FACE ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM C\LD BE ELUCIDAT$ BY AN 5GAGEM5T ) ,JONA?AN ,ISRAELS /UDY ( ! ,RADICAL ,5LI ,GREGORY ,CLAEY S WORK ON UTOPIAN SOCIALISM & COSMOPOLITANISM1.<#d#g.> OR ,MAURIZIO ,ISABELLAS DISCUSSION ( ! 0,LIB]AL ,9T]NATIONAL0 ( PO/-,NAPOLEONIC EXILES1 :OSE MODES ( OP]ATION1 S5SIBILITIES1 & 9T]ACTIONS ) HO/ COMMUNITIES E/ABLI%$ ! MODEL = FUTURE COMMUNITIES ( NATIONALI/1 AN>*I/1 & SYNDICALI/ DIASPORAS 9 ! N9ETE5? & E>LY TW5TIE? C5TURIES4.<#d#h.> ,HAV+ IMPLI$ ! B\ND>Y BETWE5 PREAN>*ISM & CLASSICAL AN>*ISM IS POR\S %\LD NOT CONV9CE US TO ADOPT ! FA%IONABLE CONCEPT ( POLITICAL RELIGION TO UND]/& CLASSICAL AN>*ISM4.<#d#i.> ,COHN ANTICIPAT$ IT1 & ITS APPROPRIAT5ESS 9 ! M$IEVAL CONTEXT MAY BE QUE/ION$1 BUT SURELY ITS TRANSPOSITION TO LAT] ]AS IS AN EXAMPLE ( ! SORT ( ACADEMIC BAD FAI? & M5TAL LAZ9ESS1 :I* ,NOAM ,*OMSKY DEMOLI%$ 9 HIS FAM\S /UDY ( ! ,NEW ,M&>9S4.<#e.> ,9DE$ 9 CONTRA/ TO ,NORMAN ,COHNS >GUM5T1 ! LATE/ DETAIL$ /UDY ( SOCIAL REVOLT 9 M$IEVAL ,EUROPE 7CIRCA #a#b-#a#d#b#e7 DEMON/RATES ?AT1 :]EAS RELIGI\S !MES MAY HAVE BE5 NOTICEABLE 9 ! E>LY MOD]N P]IOD1 !SE W]E NOT SO PREVAL5T DUR+ ! M$IEVAL ]A :5 REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS W]E MOTIVAT$ BY A SECUL> 0LU/ = LIB]TY0 ) /RONG ANTICL]ICAL OV]TONES4.<#e#a.> ,NOR W]E CLASSICAL AN>*I/S MOTIVAT$ BY A 0RELIGI\S0 BELIEF 9 ! NATURAL GOODNESS ( HUMAN BE+S OR A YE>N+ TO RETURN TO A GOLD5 ,$5IC PRIMITIVE PA/1 AS A REC5T =5SIC ANALYSIS ! LAPS$ ,CALV9I/ ,GODW9 & ! SCI5TIFIC ,KROPOTK9 DEMON/RATES QUITE CONV9C+LY4.<#e#b.> ,CYCLES )9 ,CLASSICAL ,AN>*ISM & ! ,V>IETIES ( ,AN>*ISM ,AS A DI/9CTIVE IDEOLOGY & SET ( SOCIAL PRACTICES1 AN>*ISM IS ! PRODUCT ( ! ]A ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL 7#a#h#f#d-#a#h#g#f7 & ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE 7#a#h#g#a74 ,9DE$1 WELL-DEF9$ ,M>XI/ & AN>*I/ IDEOLOGIES >E NOT EVID5T UNTIL ! LATE #a#h#gS & EV5 #a#h#hS4 ,! POLITICAL ?\XIAN OR ,5GELSIAN 0SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM0 CONG5IAL TO !IR GR[+ POLITICAL P>TIES AFT] #a#h#h4.<#e#c.> ,9 A P>ALLEL FA%ION TO ! SPREAD1 RECEPTION1 & APPROPRIATION ( ,M>XISM1 C]TA9 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS 9 ,FRANCE1 ,ITALY1 & ,SPA9 W]E PR$ISPOS$ TO AN>*I/ RA!R ?AN ,M>XI/ IDEOLOGY BECAUSE CANTONALI/ OR COMMUNAL-BAS$ =MS ( RADICALISM ANTICIPAT$ AN>*ISM 9 ACTION4 ,!RE=E ! EVOLUTION ( AN>*O-COLLECTIVI/ & AN>*O-COMMUNI/ DOCTR9ES FL\RI%$ )9 !SE UNIQUELY RECEPTIVE SUBCULTURES4.<#e#d.> ,BUT EV5 )9 A LESS RECEPTIVE 5VIRONM5T SU* AS ! ,UNIT$ ,K+DOM1 ! E?ICAL AN>*ISM ( LATE ,VICTORIAN ,BRITA9 WAS CLOSELY & 9 SOME CASES DIRECTLY L9K$ TO ! MU* BROAD] TRADITION ( E?ICAL SOCIALISM4 ,AN>*ISM AS 0VOLUNT>YISM0 7A T]M !N 9 VOGUE7 C\LD BE DIGE/$ ONCE VIOL5CE WAS ABS5T$ FROM ! M5U4 7,WILLIAM ,MORRIS'S BELIEFS--:I* WAV]$ BETWE5 A LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM ?AT WAS = ALL 9T5TS & PURPOSES AN>*ISM & A FI]CE ATTACK ON 0AN>*ISM0 AS A SYNONYM = T]RORISM--EXEMPLIFY HIS CONFUSION BUT ALSO AN>*ISMS CONG5IALITY TO CURR5TS ( ,BRITI% SOCIALISM & RADICAL LIB]ALISM47.<#e#e.> ,SIMIL>LY1 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ,GILD$ ,AGE PO/-,CIVIL ,W> RADICALISM WAS NOT ?AT DISSIMIL> TO HOMEGR[N AN>*ISM2 9DE$ TO P>APHRASE ! ,AM]ICAN AN>*I/1 ,B5JAM9 ,TUCK]1 AN>*I/S W]E M]ELY UNT]RIFI$ ,JEFF]SONIAN DEMOCRATS4.<#e#f.> ,9 ?IS RESPECT ! T]M 0AN>*I/0 IS LESS 9T]E/+ ?AN ! T]MS 0COLLECTIVI/10 0F$]ALI/10 0,9T]NATIONALI/0 7AS 9 BE+ A MEMB] ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL71 OR 0COMMUNI/40 ,BY CONTRA/1 ! T]M 0LIB]T>IAN0 BECAME POPUL> AT ! TURN ( ! C5TURY TO 9DICATE A BROAD] SUBCULTURE & /YLE ( LIFE1 :I* 9CLUD$ BO? ! >TI/IC 0BOHEMIAS0 7,GRE5WI* ,VILLAGE1 ,S*WAB+1 ,MONTM>TRE1 ,FITROVIA1 AMONG O!RS7 & ! AN>*I/ C\NT]CULTURES ( FREE S*OOLS1 FREE SEXUAL UNIONS1 ANTIMILIT>ISM1 COMMUNES1 & COOP]ATIVES4.<#e#g.> ,AFT] ! TURN ( ! C5TURY1 SYNDICALISM L5T AN>*ISM ! 9/ITUTIONAL COV] & VITALITY TO REMA9 P>T ( A BROAD RADICAL OPPOSITIONAL =CE AGA9/ SOCIAL DEMOCRACY UNTIL ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> & ! ,BOL%EVIK ,REVOLUTION1 OR UNTIL #aici 9 ! CASE ( ,SPA94 ,?IS FIR/ TAKE ON ! CYCLES ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM DEMON/RATES ITS PROTEAN QUALITIES4 ,AN>*ISM SURVIV$ ?R\< MUTATION & CREATIVE APPLICATION1 BUT IS ?IS V]Y DIFF]5T FROM P>ALLEL HI/ORIES ( ! SPREAD & DISSEM9ATION ( ,M>XISM & SOCIALISM8 ,AS ,IRV+ ,HOR[ITZ SUGGE/$ 9 ! #a#i#fS1 A CONTEXTUAL & SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS--:I* TAKES 9TO ACC\NT SOCIAL1 ECONOMIC1 & POLITICAL CIRCUM/ANCES--IS ! MO/ FRUITFUL APPROA* TO /UDY ! ORIG9S & MUTATION ( ! SUB-ISMS )9 AN>*ISM 79DIVIDUALISM1 COLLECTIVISM1 COMMUNISM1 SYNDICALISM7 DUR+ ITS CLASSICAL P]IOD4.<#e#h.> ,OR AS ,B5JAM9 ,FRANKS SUGGE/S1 ONE C\LD ADOPT ,MI*AEL ,FRE$5S APPROA* TO ! /UDY ( IDEOLOGIES 9 :I* EA* IDEOLOGY HAS CORE1 ADJAC5T1 & P]IPH]AL CONCEPTS1 & ?US ,CR[D] S DEF9ITION C\LD S]VE AS A C5TRAL UNIT ( ANALYSIS1 GIV+ COH]5CE TO CLASSICAL AN>*ISM BUT ALL[+ ITS CON/ITU5T S*OOLS ! LIB]TY TO FOLL[ V>IATIONS ON !SE CORE ATTRIBUTES4.<#e#i.> ,! ,DISSEM9ATION & ,RECEPTION ( ,AN>*ISM FROM ! #a#h#hS TO #a#i#a#d3 ,9TRODUCTION ,IT IS REM>KABLE ?AT HI/ORIANS =GOT ?AT FREQU5T COGNITIVE DISSONANCE IS ! DEFAULT POSITION ( ! M9DS ( HUMAN BE+S4 ,WE >E ABLE TO HOLD TWO CONTRADICTORY WORLDVIEWS 9 \R HEADS SIMULTANE\SLY2 ?IS IS C]TA9LY ! CASE :5 ONE 9VE/IGATES ! SOCIAL UNIV]SE ( AN>*ISM BE=E #a#i#a#d4 ,ACTIVI/S W]E ABLE1 = EXAMPLE1 TO DECL>E 9DIVIDUALI/ & ANTIORGANIZATIONALI/ AN>*ISM AS !IR F9AL GOAL :ILE BE+ ! MO/ LOYAL MEMB]S ( TRADE UNION ORGANIZATIONS4 ,SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ALL[$ = ! FL\RI%+ ( ! 9DIVIDUAL P]SONALITY1 !Y >GU$4.<#f.> ,?IS IS ONE ( ! REASONS ?AT ,S*MIDT & VAN D] ,WALTS /RICT DEF9ITION ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM AS CLASS /RUGGLE AN>*ISM IS UNSATISFACTORY4 ,IT LEADS !M TO CLAIM ?AT ,GODW91 ,/IRN]1 ,PR\DHON1 & ,TUCK] MAY HAVE BE5 LIB]T>IAN OR MUTUALI/ BUT NOT AN>*I/ BECAUSE !Y W]E EI!R NOT TOTALLY ANTICAPITALI/ OR1 9 ! CASE ( ,/IRN]1 ANTIPA!TIC TO ANY =M ( SOCIALISM4.<#f#a.> ,( C\RSE !RE IS A VALID DISCUSSION TO BE HAD AB\T :5 AN>*ISM BECAME A SELF-CONSCI\S SOCIAL MOVEM5T1 :5 ! EM]G5T IDEOLOGY WAS REFLECT$ 9 A MASS MOVEM5T ( AN>*I/S4 ,AL?\< ,PR\DHON US$ AN>*ISM 9 ITS MOD]N S5SE1 HIS FOLL[]S W]E MUTUALI/S1 & IT IS ONLY 9 ! LATE #a#h#fS ?AT A SOCIAL MOVEM5T CALL$ 0AN>*ISM0 >RIVES ON ! SC5E1 ACCOMPANI$ AS WE HAVE SE5 BY MANY V>IATIONS ON ! !ME4 ,BUT ,S*MIDT & VAN D] ,WALT HAVE OV]LOOK$ ! WAY MILITANTS & !ORETICIANS EV5 )9 0CLASS W> AN>*ISM0 WOVE A V>IETY ( 9TELLECTUAL LEGACIES 7FROM MUTUALISM TO 9DIVIDUALISM7 9TO !IR IDEOLOGY4 ,!IR APPROA* IS ALSO TWO-DIM5SIONAL BY !IR DISMISSAL ( ! GLOBAL CULTURAL 9TELLIG5TSIA1 :O >E L>GELY OV]LOOK$ BECAUSE !Y >E CONSID]$ M]E 0LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S40 ,BUT ! B\ND>IES BETWE5 CLASS /RUGGLE AN>*ISM & ?IS LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM1 OR PHILOSOPHICAL AN>*ISM1 >E NOT EASILY DRAWN )\T DI/ORT+ & IMPOV]I%+ ! SOCIAL HI/ORY ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM1 AS ,I HOPE ?IS >TICLE WILL %[4 ,MEASUR+ ! EFFECTS ( !SE V>IETIES ( AN>*ISM 9 POLITICAL CULTURES IS MADE MORE DIFFICULT BY ! 9=MALITY ( AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION4 ,H5CE ONE MU/ LOOK AT ! APPROPRIATE S\RCES3 CLUB1 CAFE1 & PUBLIC H\SE SUBCULTURES1.<#f#b.> C]TA9 RURAL DI/RICTS OR URBAN QU>T]S1.<#f#c.> ! DIASPORA RA!R ?AN ! HOMEL&4.<#f#d.> ,IT IS ALSO WOR? BE>+ 9 M9D ?AT ONE DID NOT HAVE TO BE A SIGN$-UP MEMB] ( AN AN>*I/ GR\P TO BE AFFECT$ BY ITS 9FLU5CE2 9 ,ITALY1 = EXAMPLE1 IT WAS P]FECTLY POSSIBLE TO VOTE SOCIALI/ BUT BE V]Y SYMPA!TIC TO AN>*ISM & AN>*I/ MILITANTS4.<#f#e.> ,AS SOCIALI/ P>TY S*OOLS & PAMPHLETS BECAME MORE PROM95T 9 ! YE>S BE=E #a#i#a#d1 B\ND>IES MAY HAVE BECOME MORE RIGID1 BUT AN>*I/ & LIB]T>IAN H]ESIES SEEP$ ?R\< P>TY B>RI]S1 EI!R ?R\< ! EFFECT ( NOTABLE 9DIVIDUALS1 ! =CE-FIELD ( SYNDICALISM1 OR LONG/&+ AN>*I/ C\NT]CULTURAL 9/ITUTIONS & SYMBOLS 7! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 ASPECTS ( HI/ORY & PRACTICE ( ,MAY ,DAY1 & AN>*I/ SONGS1 = EXAMPLE74.<#f#f.> ,! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T CUT ITS TEE? DUR+ ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 & AFT] #a#h#h#i1 A ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL COMPOS$ ( NATIONAL P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIALI/S AT FIR/ M>G9ALIZ$ ! AN>*I/S 9 ! E>LY #a#h#iS & F9ALLY EXPELL$ !M 9 #a#h#i#f4 ,BUT :AT REMA9S UND]/UDI$ IS ! ,B]MUDA TRIANGLE ( AN>*I/ HI/ORY1 :5 HYBRID ORGANIZATIONS ( REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/S & COLLECTIVI/S W]E NOTABLE 9 ,G]MANY1 ! ,L[ ,C\NTRIES1 ,FRANCE1 & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES FROM ! LATE #a#h#gS TO ! E>LY #a#h#iS 7! ,G]MAN ,JUNG5 & LOCALI/S1 ! ,FR5* FOLL[]S ( ,ALLEMANE OR ,BR\SSE1 ! ,P>TITO OP]AIO ITALIANO1 & ,AM]ICAN SUPPORT]S ( ! ,*ICAGO ,IDEA74 ,!SE MOVEM5TS W]E SUSPICI\S ( P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIALISM1 CRITICAL ( 9TELLECTUAL LEAD]%IP1 & SUPPORTIVE ( LOCALISM & =MS ( REVOLUTION>Y MUNICIPAL SOCIALISM4 ,MU* ( ! PREHI/ORY ( SYNDICALISM CAN BE F\ND H]E1 BUT WE /ILL LACK A SYN!TIC OV]VIEW ( ?IS P]IOD2 RA!R IT IS SE5 AS AN 9T]LUDE BETWE5 ! ]A ( ! ,FIR/ & ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONALS4.<#f#g.> ,ANO!R CYCLE ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM CAN BE TRAC$ 9 ! DEVELOPM5T & EVOLUTION ( ! PRACTICE ( T]RORISM & ASSASS9ATIONS4 ,WE CAN P9PO9T TWO CLU/]S ( ACTIVITY--9 ! LATE #a#h#gS & E>LY #a#h#hS1 & ! #a#h#iS1 ) \TLI]S /RET*+ 9TO ! E>LI] TW5TIE? C5TURY--9 ,B>CELONA1 ,P>IS1 ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 & ,RUSSIA4.<#f#h.> ,)9 ,SPA91 ,JULIAN ,CASANOVA HAS *>T$ ! DIALECTIC BETWE5 =MS ( MASS VIOL5CE & T]RORISM & WID] SOCIAL MOVEM5TS OV] AN EI SPAN 7#a#h#fS TO #a#i#dS74.<#f#i.>,?US VIOL5CE 9 ! ,SPANI% MOVEM5T CAN BE DETECT$ 9 CL&E/9E & DEC5TRALIZ$ =MS ( T]ROR 7ASSASS9ATIONS & BOMB+S71 RURAL 9SURRECTIONS & RURAL OR URBAN MASS ORGANIZ+1 & ON OCCASION1 FULL-FL$G$ 9SURRECTION>Y MOM5TS 7#a#i#i1#a#i#a#g@>@> #a#i#c#c#a#i#c#d8@>@> & #a#i#c#f74.<#g.> ,MODES ( T]RORISM >E F9ALLY GETT+ S]I\S HI/ORICAL TREATM5T2 ! SPREAD ( A SUBT]RANEAN LIT]ATURE & 0PRACTICAL MANUALS0 HAS BE5 UND]TAK54 ,RU? ,K9NA HAS PUBLI%$ A VA/ COLLECTION ( T]RORI/ PAMPHLET LIT]ATURE4.<#g#a.> ,M>T9 ,MILL]S BROAD] CONTEXTUAL ACC\NT ( T]RORISM & ,RI*>D ,J5S5S MAGI/]IAL OV]VIEW ( AN>*I/ ASSASS9ATIONS >E ESS5TIAL1.<#g#b.> & ,/EV5 ,M>KS HAS *>T$ ! SPREAD ( ! 0,RUSSIAN ME?OD0 TO O!R MOVEM5TS4.<#g#c.> ,! EVOLUTION ( CONCEPTS1 ! PROPAG&A BY ! DE$ 7FROM DEMON/RATIVE RURAL OR URBAN ACTS TO BOMB+ & ASSASS9ATION71 ! AFF9ITY GR\P & 9SURG5T LOCALIZ$ =MS ( /RUGGLE 70SKIRMI%+07 HAVE BE5 TRAC$4.<#g#d.> ,LIKEWISE1 ! RECIPROCAL EX*ANGE ( AN>*I/ MODES ( VIOL5CE BETWE5 ,F5IANS1 ,N>ODNIKS1 & ,B5GALI NATIONALI/S HAS BE5 /UDI$4.<#g#e.> ,9 ?IS RESPECT ! /UDY ( DIASPORA & REFUGEE NETWORKS HAS BECOME V]Y FA%IONABLE BECAUSE ( ATTEMPTS TO COMP>E & CONTRA/ CONTEMPOR>Y GLOBAL ,ISLAMI/ NETWORKS ) ?OSE ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM1 & !RE=E AN>*I/ /UDIES IS RECEIV+ SUPPORT FROM ! MO/ UNLIKELY S\RCES4.<#g#f.> ,HI/ORICAL SYMMETRIES PRES5T !MSELVES TO POLITICAL SCI5TI/S1 RESULT+ 9 COMP>ISONS BETWE5 ,ITALIAN AN>*I/S 9 ,LONDON 9 ! #a#h#iS & ,ALG]IAN ,ISLAMI/S 9 ! ,LONDON ( ! #a#i#iS1 OR COMP>ISONS ( DIFF]5T GLOBAL WAVES ( T]RORISM FROM ! AN>*I/ WAVE TO ! ,ISLAMI/ WAVE4 ,! BOMB+ ( ,WALL ,/REET BY AN ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ ON #af ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#b--:I* WAS ! BLOODIE/ T]RORI/ ATTACK 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY BE=E #i_/#a#a1 OCCURR+ JU/ SEV]AL HUNDR$ MET]S FROM #i_/#a#a S ,GR\ND ,Z]O--IS ! SUBJECT ( ,BEV]LY ,GAGES REC5T MONOGRAPH1 A BRILLIANTLY RESE>*$ BOOK ?AT DETAILS H[ LAW 5=CEM5T AG5CIES W]E HOBBL$ BY 9COMPET5CE & GR&/&+ X5OPHOBIA4 ,9 ! 5D ! BOMB]1 ,M>IO ,BUDA1 DI$ 9 HIS B$ DECADES LAT]4.<#g#g.> ,BUDA HAS BE5 ID5TIFI$ AS ! 09V5TOR0 ( ! C> BOMB1 ALBEIT HIS BOMB WAS PLAC$ 9 A HORSE-DRAWN WAGON4.<#g#h.> ,EXCEPT = ,RUSSIA1 AN>*I/ T]RORISM TOOK FEW LIVES DUR+ ?IS ]A1 F> LESS ?AN ! T]RORISM ( NATIONALI/S = EXAMPLE1 YET IT CAU & LIT]>Y IMAG9ATION 9 ! MO/ DRAMATIC FA%ION1 & = MU* ( ! PUBLIC1 ! BOMB-?R[+ T]RORI/ BECAME ! IMAGE ( ! AN>*I/4 ,?US IT IS NECESS>Y TO EXAM9E ! MAGNIFY+ EFFECT ( ! RISE ( ! MASS CIRCULATION PRESS1 ! SE>* = S5SATION & BOHEMIAN EXOTICISM 9 MOD]N LIFE1 & ! SPECTACUL> MEAN+S GIV5 TO AN>*I/ BOMB+S & ASSASS9ATIONS ?AT OCCUR UND] ! GAZE ( MOD]N URBAN NEWSPAP] READ]4.<#g#i.> ,UND\BT$LY1 ,P>IS 9 ! #a#h#iS W\LD BE AN EXCELL5T CASE /UDY4.<#h.> ,BUT WE DO HAVE A V]Y 5T]TA9+1 WELL-RESE>*$ & POPUL>LY WRITT5 BOOK BY ,ALEX ,BUTT] WOR?1 :O SUPPLIES US ) A P5 PORTRAIT ( ?IS MURKY WORLD ( J\RNALI/S1 POLICE SPIES1 9T]NATIONAL P[] POLITICS1 & AN>*I/ EXILES BE=E #a#i#a#d4.<#h#a.> ,! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE 7#a#h#g#a7 & ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> 7#a#i#a#d-#a#i#a#h7 >E SIGNAL EV5TS 9 ! HI/ORY ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM1 & 9 TRADITIONAL ACC\NTS ( ! P]SI/5CE ( AN>*ISM1 ,SPA9 IS ! EXCEPTION TO ! RULE4 ,A REVIEW ( ! LIT]ATURE ON ,SPANI% AN>*ISM W\LD DES]VE AN >TICLE 9 ITSELF4 ,9 ANY CASE POPUL> NATIONALISM1 ! 9T]V5TIONI/ SOCIAL /ATE1 & ! RISE ( ,BOL%EVISM1 IT IS >GU$1 TOOK ! W9D \T ( ! SAILS ( ! GOOD %IP ,AN>*Y BUT SEEM$ TO AVOID ,SPA94.<#h#b.> ,IT IS DEF9ITELY ! CASE ?AT NEXT G5]ATION ( AN>*I/S & SYNDICALI/S 9 ,S\!RN ,EUROPE 7B>R+ ,SPA97 SAW MANY RECRUITS MIGRATE TO 9T]NATIONAL COMMUNISM4 7,ONE REASON ?AT ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I .<,CONF$]ACION ,NACIONAL DEL ,TRABAJO-,F$]ACION ,AN>QUI/A ,IB]ICA.> FAC$ A DIFF]5T CON/ELLATION ( =CES IS ?AT ,SPANI% COMMUNISM WAS RUPTUR$ BY ! EM]G5CE ( ! ,P,\,M .<,P>TIDO ,OBR]O ,UNIFICACION ,M>XI/A.>47.<#h#c.> ,NOR %\LD ! UNIQUE 9T]ACTION ( ,CATALAN NATIONALISM1 9TELLECTUALS1 & SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZ]S 9 ,B>CELONA BE =GOTT5 :5 ONE DEALS ) ! ,SPANI% CASE1 AS ,ANGEL ,SMI? DEMON/RATES4.<#h#d.> ,H[EV]1 ANYONE :O /UDIES MEMOIR LIT]ATURE OR ! 9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS NEWSPAP]S WILL S5SE A GE/ALT %IFT FROM ! #a#i#bS TO ! #a#i#dS4.<#h#e.> ,NEV]!LESS1 ! CUMULATIVE EFFECT ( LOCAL & NATIONAL ( /UDIES ( SYNDICALISM & AN>*ISM DUR+ ! 9T]W> P]IOD PRES5TS A MORE NUANC$ PICTURE4 ,! 9T]PLAY ( W>TIME & PO/W> AN>*I/ & SYNDICALI/ NETWORKS ) NEW] BUT RELAT$ ORGANIZATIONS ( %OP /EW>D MOVEM5TS & C\NCIL COMMUNI/S HAS BE5 NOT$ 9 ! LIT]ATURE2 ! SPIKE ( AN>*I/ ACTIVITY LA/$ FROM R\ ,FUR!RMORE1 ! UP/>T ,BOL%EVIKS HAD A FI*I/S & LIB]T>IAN SYNDICALI/S RETA9$ A GREAT] PRES5CE 9 LOCAL POLITICAL CULTURES 9 ,FRANCE & EV5 ,G]MANY F> LONG] 9TO ! #a#i#bS & #a#i#cS ?AN HAS PREVI\SLY BE5 ?\*ISM OR SYNDICALISM AS MOVEM5TS MORE RADICAL ?AN SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>TIES OR TRADE UNIONS1 W]E WOO$ BY ! COMMUNI/S1 & ?US ! TRUE BELIEV]S />T$ POND]+ ! QUE/IONS ( FRE$OM & ! ROLE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL MORE 9T5SELY 9 LI P]IOD4 ,!Y ASK$ !MSELVES3 :AT WAS AT ! CORE ( AN>*I/ BELIEF8 ,& !Y ANTICIPAT$ ! POLEMICS ASSOCIAT$ ) ! DIS5*ANT$ 0,GOD ?AT DI$0 EX-,COMMUNI/S ( ! #a#i#eS4.<#h#g.> ,I HAVE ALREADY M5TION$ ! CYCLE ( LIB]T>IAN C\NT]CULTURAL AN>*ISM1 :I* ,I WILL RETURN TO 9 GREAT DETAIL UND] ! RUBRIC ( ,9TELLIG5TSIA1 ,BOHEMIA1 & ,AN>*ISM4 ,BUT BE=E ?AT WE MU/ LOOK MORE CLOSELY AT SYNDICALISM & AN>*ISM4 ,DISSEM9ATION BE=E #a#i#a#d3 ,LABOR ,MOVEM5TS1 ,AN>*ISM1 & ,SYNDICALISM ,9T]NATIONALIZ$ PATT]NS ( CAPITAL & LABOR LAY AT ! BOTTOM ( ! MASS SUPPORT = ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 ESPECIALLY ! ATTA*M5T ( ,5GLI%1 ,BELGIAN1 & ,FR5* TRADE UNIONI/S4 ,A WAVE ( GLOBALIZATION1 REA*+ AN APOGEE BE=E \R [N ]A1 OCCURR$ 9 ! P]IOD #ahh TO #a#i#a#d4 ,9DIVIDUAL AN>*I/S US+ !IR [N NETWORKS 7= EXAMPLE1 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A OR ,EMILE ,P\GET 9 ,LONDON DUR+ ! #a#h#iS7 & POLITICAL REFUGEES FROM ! G5]IC REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS ( ! ,B]MUDA ,TRIANGLE P]IOD 7SEE ABOVE7 W]E ! PIONE]S :O %AP$ ! IDEOLOGIES & REP]TOIRES ( ACTION1 :I* CAME TO BE KN[N AS SYNDICALISM 9 ! E>LY TW5TIE? C5TURY4.<#h#h.> ,! AN>*I/S PLAY$ A PROM95T P>T 9 ! G5]IC 9T]NATIONALI/ SYNDICALISM1 9 :I* ANTIMILIT>ISM & 9DU/RIAL TRADE UNIONISM W]E DISSEM9AT$ BY A NEW MOBILE PROLET>IAT ( LABOR]S1 TRANSPORTATION WORK]S1 & SOME SKILL$ >TISANS1 MO/ NOTABLY ,ITALIANS1 ,SPANI>DS1 ,RUSSIANS1 ,SC&9AVIANS1 ,BRITONS1 ,IRI%1 & ,YIDDI%-SPEAK+ ,JEWS ( V>I\S NATIONALITIES4 ,!Y W]E P>T ( ! VA/ LABOR MIGRATION BETWE5 ,EUROPE1 ! ,AM]ICAS1 & ! SO-CALL$ ,:ITE ,DOM9IONS ( ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE4 ,?IS REA*$ A CRESC5DO JU/ AS A S]IES ( 9T]NATIONAL /RIKES SURG$ ?R\< ! GLOBAL ECONOMY1 CLU/]$ >\ND ! P]IOD ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ( #aie TO #a#i#a#d1 & WAS 9T]WOV5 ) OP5 9SURRECTIONS SU* AS ,B>CELONAS 0,TRAGIC ,WEEK0 9 #aii & C5TRAL ,ITALY'S 0,R$ ,WEEK0 9 #a#i#a#d4.<#h#i.> ,! ?REE MO/ RELEVANT FIELDS ( /UDY >E ! POLITICAL CULTURES =G$ FROM OCCUPATIONAL GR\PS 7M9]S1 L&LESS LABOR]S1 SEAM51 LUMB]JACKS1 TAILORS1 AS EXAMPLES71 SUBURBS OR DI/RICTS ( CITIES 7,B>CELONA1 ,TUR91 ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 ,TAMPA1 ,PAT]SON1 AMONG O!RS71 & DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES 7,ITALIANS1 ,JEWS1 & O!RS74 ,L>G] M5TAL MAPS >E NE$$4 ,ASSOCIAT$ /UDIES BY ,B5$ICT ,&]SON1 ,JOSE ,MOYA1 ,DAVIDE ,TURCATO1 OR ,RI*>D ,J5S5.<#i.> CAN BE US$ AS TEMPLATES TO GIVE US A BROAD] PICTURE ( ! RADIATION ( /RIKE WAVES & DEMON/RATE H[ AN>*ISM & SYNDICALISM W]E 5]GIZ$ BY !SE COSMOPOLITAN ORGANIZ]S1 9TELLECTUALS1 & WORK]S4 ,9TELLIG5TSIAS1 ,BOHEMIA1 & ,AN>*ISM ,ONE MU/ />T ) HI/ORY ( ! RELATION%IP ( SELF-$UCAT$ & ! $UCAT$ MIDDLE CLASSES )9 AN>*ISM4 ,E>LI] 9 MY C>E]1 ,I LOOK$ AT ?IS )9 ! CONTEXT ( SOCIALISM BE=E #a#i#a#d1 BUT WE NE$ A SIMIL> EF=T = AN>*ISM4.<#i#a.> ,EV]Y S9CE ,MAX ,NETTLAU CLAIM$ IT WAS SO1 MANY HI/ORIANS HAVE >GU$ ?AT CLASSICAL AN>*ISM HAD A HI<] P]C5TAGE ( SELF-$UCAT$ ACTIVI/S ?AN ! SOCIALISM ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL & 9DE$ ?AT AN>*I/S W]E KE5 ON D5\NC+ ! PR$OM9ANCE ( B\RGEOIS LEAD]S 9 SOCIALI/ POLITICAL P>TIES & =M] PROLET>IAN C>E]I/S 9 SOCIALI/ TRADE UNIONS4.<#i#b.> ,& AL?\< SOME LOCAL CASE /UDIES SEEM TO PROVE ! AN>*I/S' PO9T1 IT W\LD USEFUL TO HAVE A GLOBAL AMALGAMATION ( ! /ATI/ICS1 :I* ONE C\LD G>N] FROM ! WIDE V>IETY ( NATIONAL & LOCAL /UDIES & BIOGRAPHICAL DICTION>IES N[ AVAILABLE4 ,ASSOCIAT$ ) ?IS W\LD BE AN ATLAS ( AN>*I/ GLOBAL CULTURE--SONGS1 FA%IONS1 & RITUALS--= MANY ( !SE W]E ! PROV9CE ( ! AN>*I/ AUTODIDACT4 ,9 A SIMIL> VE91 AN>*I/S 9 ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL MOVEM5T & )9 TURN-(-!-C5TURY ,/IRN]ITE CIRCLES PRES5T 9T]E/+ CASE /UDIES ( ! 9T]WEAV+ ( ! SELF-$UCAT$ & ! =MALLY TRA9$4 ,PAUL ,AVRI*S S5SITIVE /UDY ( ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL MOVEM5T IS UNSURPASS$1 BUT ONE C\LD GO FUR!R A FIELD & EXAM9E1 = EXAMPLE1 ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! WORK+ & MIDDLE CLASS FOLL[]S ( PROV9CIAL AN>*I/-ORI5T$ ,FUTURISM 9 PRE-,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> ,ITALY4.<#i#c.> ,BUT EV5 IF !IR NUMB]S MAY HAVE BE5 LIMIT$1 9TELLECTUALS & PR(ESSIONALS W]E IMPORTANT 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,!RE >E SEV]AL WAYS TO APPROA* ?IS3 ! RELATION%IP ( AN>*ISM TO ! EM]G5T SOCIAL SCI5CES1 CLE>LY AS A 0PROBLEM0 TO BE SOLV$ 7,CES>E ,LOMBROSO & ALL ?AT72 BUT !RE WAS ALSO AN AN>*I/ CRIM9OLOGY PROMOT$ BY ,PIETRO ,GORI ?AT SIMPLY 9V]T$ ! FIR/ PREMISES ( ,LOMBROSO S WORK1 YET REMA9$ W$D$ TO POSITIVI/ ASSUMPTIONS & M5TALITY4.<#i#d.> ,9 AN 9T]E/+ COMP>ATIVE /UDY1 ,RI*>D ,BA* ,J5S5 EXPLA9S H[1 AFT] #a#i1 ! MORE LIB]AL ,GIOLITTIAN REGIME 9 ,ITALY DREW A L9E UND] ! T]RORI/ PANIC ( ! #a#h#iS BY US+ ,LOMBROSOS !ORIES TO M$ICALIZE AN>*I/ DEF5DANTS3 ATTEMPT$ POLITICAL ASSASS9ATIONS RESULT$ 9 ! DEF5DANTS BE+ DECL>$ 9SANE & %UNT$ (F TO ASYLUMS 9/EAD ( BECOM+ POLITICAL M>TYRS1 :]EAS 9 ,SPA9 ! /RICT 5=CEM5T ( ! LAW L$ TO A CYCLE ( ASSASS9ATIONS1 EXECUTIONS1 & REV5GE ATTACKS4.<#i#e.> ,AN>*ISM WAS A S\RCE ( 9SPIRATION = B\RGEOIS SOCIOLOGI/S 7,MAX ,WEB] & ,ROB]T ,MI*ELS74 ,9DE$ IF ,WEB] S ANTICAPITALI/ DUEL+ P>TN] WAS ,K>L ,M>X1 ,WEB] US$ AN>*I/S AS FOILS = %AP+ HIS POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY4.<#i#f.> ,AN>*I/S W]E PRECURSORS TO ! !ORETICIANS ( ! ELITES1 & 9 ,BAKUN9S WRIT+S ONE GLIMPSES AN E>LY V]SION ( !ORIES ( SOCIAL & CULTURAL CAPITAL & A PROPHETIC DISCUSSION ( A 0,NEW ,CLASS0 ( ,R$ ,APP>AT*IKS & AU?ORIT>IAN TE*NOCRATIC SCI5TI/S4.<#i#g.> ,AN>*ISM & MOD]N GEOGRAPHY DES]VE A GREAT DEAL MORE /UDY4 ,ELISEE ,RECLUS WAS A PIONE] GEOGRAPH] :O COMB9$ A UNIV]SAL BIOTIC APPROA* ) AN AN>*I/ CRITIQUE ( SPATIAL P[] & HAS REC5TLY ATTRACT$ ! R5EW$ 9T]E/ ( RADICAL PO/MOD]N SOCIOLOGI/S4 ,KROPOTK9 PIONE]$ ! IDEA ( G>D5 CITIES2 HIS MANIFOLD 9FLU5CES ON AN>*ISM & AN>*I/-9FLU5C$ URBAN PLANN+ & !ORY HAVE BE5 *>T$ BY ,/EV5 ,M>KS 9 HIS /UDY ( ! GLOBAL 9FLU5CE ( ,RUSSIAN CULTURE 9 ! N9ETE5? & TW5TIE? C5TURIES4.<#i#h.> ,?IS LEADS US TO ! WELL-/UDI$ FIELD ( BOHEMIA4 ,9 ! BE/ /UDIES ! 9T]ACTION ( ! SELF-$UCAT$ & ! =MALLY TRA9$ >TI/ IS AT ! CRUX ( ! /ORY4 ,?US ! POLITICAL ECONOMY 7! CAB>ET1 = EXAMPLE7 ( A DI/RICT 7SU* AS ,MONTM>TRE7 IS 9T]LAC$ ) ! LIFE & MODES ( OP]ATION ( ! >TI/ & ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 HIS_/H] 0D>+0 WORK & ! NE$ = A CITYWIDE >T M>KET 7SU* AS ,P>IS71 9 :I* B\RGEOIS CRITICS SU* AS ,FELIX ,F5EON ACT$ AS M$IATORS BETWE5 B\RGEOIS SOCIETY & ILLICIT AN>*I/ ACTIVITY1 AS WELL AS >BIT]S & PATRONS ( NEW S*OOLS ( >T & >T M>KETS2 ! APPROA* C\LD BE EXT5D$ TO ,NEW ,YORKS ,GRE5WI* ,VILLAGE1 = EXAMPLE4.<#i#i.> ,ALAN ,ANTLIFF S /UNN+ BOOK ON MOD]NISM & AN>*ISM IS A TRIUMPH ( 9TELLECTUAL & >T HI/ORY & IS ONE ( ! BE/ EXAMPLES ( A ?RIV+ LIT]ATURE 9 ! HI/ORY ( >T ?AT EXAM9ES H[ AN>*ISM S]V$ AS A MUSE TO ,PO/-,IMPRESSIONI/S1 ,FUTURI/S1 ,DADAI/S1 & SOME ,SURREALI/S4.<#a.> ,9 ANY CASE1 H]E TOO GLOBAL MAPS >E NE$$4 ,9 MU* ! SAME WAY ?AT AN>*I/S S]V$ AS MESS5G]S ( SYNDICALI/ IDEOLOGY & ITS REP]TOIRE ( SOCIAL ACTION1 MOBILE >TI/S & SELF-$UCAT$ ACTIVI/S P]COLAT$ ?R\< 9T]NATIONAL BOHEMIA4 ,! POLITICAL ECONOMY ( ! 0PR(ESSIONAL0 AN>*I/ J\RNALI/ OR ! FULL-TIME SPEAK] IS DIRECTLY L9K$ TO ?IS MILIEU4 ,J\RNALISM & LIT]ATURE W]E C5TRAL TO !IR LIVES1 & BO? FAM\S 7,EMMA ,GOLDMAN & ,C>LO ,TRESCA AMONG !M7 & LESS]-KN[N COMRADES W]E P>T ( 9T]LOCK+ ANTEBELLUM WORLDS ( GLOBAL BOHEMIA & 9T]NATIONAL SYNDICALISM4.<#a#a.> ,AN>*ISM & ! ,GLOBAL ,S\? ,! RELATION%IP ( AN>*ISM TO ! COLONIAL & PO/COLONIAL WORLD IS AS COMPLEX & MULTILAY]$ AS ! CONCEPT ( ! ,GLOBAL ,S\? ITSELF4 ,! REC5T WORKS ( ,S*MIDT & VAN D] ,WALT & ! =?COM+ $IT$ OV]VIEW ( CLASS /RUGGLE AN>*ISM1 LABOR RADICALISM1 & SYNDICALISM 9 ! COLONIAL & PO/COLONIAL WORLDS >E UNIQUELY IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS TO ! FIELD4.<#a#b.> ,AS PREVI\SLY M5TION$1 ! SPREAD ( SYNDICALISM 9 ! E>LY TW5TIE? C5TURY FOLL[$ ! CIRCUITS ( 9T]NATIONAL CAPITAL & EMPIRE4 ,!RE >E N[ A CONSID]ABLE NUMB] ( /UDIES ( DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES ( ! AN>*I/S BAS$ 9 5TREPOT IMP]IAL CITIES 7SU* AS ,M>SEILLES1 ,TUNIS1 ,ALEX&RIA1 ,HONG ,KONG1 & ,TOKYO7.<#a#c.> & ! ?RIV+ MIGRANT AN>*I/ & SYNDICALI/ COMMUNITIES 9 ,>G5T9A1 ,BRAZIL1 ,CUBA1 ,AU/RALIA1 & ,S\? ,AFRICA4.<#a#d.> ,ANO!R P>ALLEL LIT]ATURE 9VOLVES ! DEBATE AB\T ! RECEPTION ( AN>*ISM AS AN ISM4 ,?US SOME HI/ORIANS ( ,JAPAN & ,*9A ASS]T ?AT RADICALS 9 !SE C\NTRIES W]E ATTRACT$ TO AN>*ISM AS ISM BECAUSE ( DOME/IC & RELIGI\S IDIOMS & TRADITIONS ?AT PR$ISPOS$ !M TO IT 7,NEO-,CONFUCIANISM & ,TAOISM1 AMONG O!RS74 ,O!R HI/ORIANS HAVE >GU$ ?AT AN>*ISM WAS ATTRACTIVE TO RADICALS BECAUSE ( ITS =EIGN MOD]NITY1 PRECISELY BECAUSE IT WAS A MOD]N ,EUROPEAN IDEOLOGY1 :I* FACILITAT$ ! MOBILIZATION ( ! MASSES AGA9/ LOCAL ELITES & 0=EIGN DEVILS40.<#a#e.> ,BUT ?IS >GUM5T CAN BE PLAC$ )9 ! BROAD] DEBATE OV] ! 9T]ACTION ( ,WE/]N SCI5CE & IDEOLOGY ) V>IETIES ( PREVI\SLY HEGEMONIC CODIFI$ =MS ( KN[L$GE4.<#a#f.> ,9DE$1 ! MO/ /RIK+ REC5T CONTRIBUTION TO ?IS DEBATE IS ,%O ,KONI%I S /UDY ( ! SOJ\RN ( ,RUSSIAN ,POPULI/ ,LEV ,ME*NIKOV TO ! ,JAPAN ( ! ,MEIJI ,I%91 :AT IS KN[N 9 ,5GLI% AS ! 0,MEIJI ,RE/ORATION40 ,ME*NIKOV DEVELOP$ A CONCEPT ( MUTUAL AID L9K$ TO A DEBUNK+ ( ,SOCIAL ,D>W9ISM1 :I* =M$ ! BASIS LAT] ( ,KROPOTK9S AN>*O-COMMUNISM4 ,KONI%I >GUES ?AT ,ME*NIKOV 9T]PRET$ ! ,JAPANESE KAIKOKU NOT AS ! OP5+ ( ! NATION TO ! ,WE/1 BUT AS AN 9T]NAL ,JAPANESE PRACTICE F\ND$ ON MUTUAL AID & EQUITY1 :I* WAS AN ALT]NATIVE ROAD TO MOD]NITY ?AT WAS NOT 5TIRELY RELIANT ON ,WE/]N KN[L$GE4 ,?IS A/\ND+ >TICLE SUGGE/S A REV]SAL ( ! FE$BACK LOOP3 ,KROPOTK9ITE AN>*ISM IS HEAVILY RELIANT ON A CONCEPT ( MUTUAL AID ORIG9ALLY DEVELOP$ BY A FELL[ ,RUSSIAN RADICALS DIGE/ION ( ,JAPANESE CULTURE & ?\KS REM9DS US H[ ,JAPANESE AN>*I/S 9 ! E>LY TW5TIE? C5TURY EASILY 9CORPORAT$ ,TOL/OY 9 TO !IR =MS ( AN>*ISM BECAUSE HIS ?\*O-COMMUNI/S CRITICIZ$ ! ,JAPANESE /ATES PROGRAM ( MOD]NIZATION BY DEPLOY+ ! SUBV]SIVE FLIPSIDE ( ! SAME ,WE/]N CULTURE ?AT ! /ATE ELITES W]E SO KE5 ON IMPORT+ 9TO ,JAPAN4.<#a#g.> ,9 A SIMIL> FA%ION 9 ,9DIA1 ,G&HIS AN>*ISM EMPLOY$ ,TOL/OY1 ,?OREAU1 & ! ,AM]ICAN ,TRANSC5D5TALI/S TO CREATE A =M ( ROOT$ COSMOPOLITANISM ?AT RECONCIL$ ! UNIV]SAL ) ! SPECIFICITY ( ,9DIAN VILLAGE LIFE4 ,AS ,MU/APHA ,KAMAL ,PA%A DEMON/RATES1 ,G&HIS POLITICS ( NONVIOL5CE M]G$ ,TOL/OYAN ,*RI/IANITY ) AHIMSA1 A CONCEPT ?AT L5T POSITIVE CONNOTATIONS TO NONVIOL5CE & =M$ ! CONCEPT ( GOOD CONDUCT1 A DISCIPL9$ PRACTICE ( CONDUCT+ ONES DUTY1 :I* WAS A MODE ( BEHAVIOR ,G&HI F\ND ABS5T 9 MA9/REAM ,WE/]N CIVILIZATION4.<#a#h.> ,! EA/]N %ORES ( ! ,M$IT]RANEAN PROVIDE US ) ANO!R CASE /UDY4 ,H]E ! POLYGLOT & COSMOPOLITAN ,OTTOMAN ,EMPIRE S]V$ AS ! SETT+ 9 :I* ,ISLAM1 M9ORITY RELIGIONS1 & MOD]N ISMS EXP]I5CE A COMPLEX PATT]N ( 9T]ACTION4 ,9 ,ALEX&RIA1 A COMMUNITY ( ,EUROPEAN AN>*I/S LIV$ 9 PROXIMITY TO ! ,EGYPTIAN NATIONALI/ MOVEM5T1 :I* COMB9$ ,MAZZ9IAN !MES ) A REVIVAL ( ,ISLAM4 ,! ,ITALIAN ,]RICO ,MALATE/A RAIS$ A GR\P ( EX8,G>IBALDIAN VOLUNTE]S TO FI*I/S 9 ! ,EUROPEAN QU>T]S ( ,ALEX&RIA4.<#a#i.> ,! MOD]NIZATION ( ,EGYPT ) ! RISE ( ! COTTON CA% CROP1 FACTORIES1 & ! BUILD+ ( ! ,SUEZ ,CANAL /IMULAT$ AN EXODUS FROM ! C\NTRYSIDE 9TO ,EGYPTIAN CITIES1 EV5 AS EMPLOYM5T OPPORTUNITIES ATTRACT$ >TISANS1 LABOR]S1 %OPKEEP]S1 & ! $UCAT$ MIDDLE CLASSES FROM ! RE/ ( ! ,OTTOMAN ,EMPIRE1 ,ITALY1 ,FRANCE1 & ! ,IB]IAN P59SULA1 AS WELL AS FROM ! ,HAPSBURG & ,RUSSIAN ,EMPIRES4 ,H]E1 TOO1 GLOBALIZATION L$ TO ! GR[? ( POCKETS ( AN>*I/ & PROTOSYNDICALI/ ACTIVITY1 :I* HAS LONG BE5 OV]%AD[$ 9 ! HI/ORIOGRAPHY ( ! ORIG9S ( LOCAL & PAN-,>AB NATIONALISM1 & 9 TELEOLOGICAL FA%ION HAS IGNOR$ !SE EPISODES ( COSMOPOLITAN & 9T]NATIONALI/ CURR5TS ( RADICALISM ?AT J> ) NATIONALI/1 PAN-,>ABI/1 OR ,ISLAMI/ HI/ORICAL N>RATIVES4 ,?US WE HAVE ! PIONE]+ WORK ( ,AN?ONY ,GORMAN ON ! ,POPUL> ,UNIV]SITY ( ,ALEX&RIA4.<#a#a.> ,BUT WE N[ KN[ A GREAT DEAL MORE S9CE ! L&M>K PUBLICATION ( ,ILHAM ,KHURI-,MAKDISIS A/ONI%+ COMP>ATIVE ACC\NT ( ?REE NODAL CITIES 7,BEIRUT1 ,CAIRO1 & ,ALEX&RIA71 A /UDY ( V>IETIES ( SECUL> RADICALISM 9 ! ,EA/]N ,M$IT]RANEAN 9 ! P]IOD #a#h#f-#a#i#a#d1 9 :I* AN>*I/ RATIONALI/ CULTURE1 & P>TICUL>LY ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/ $UCATIONALI/ ,FRANCISCO ,F]R]1 PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT ROLE4.<.<#a#a#a.> ,%E DEMON/RATES H[ ,ITALIAN1 ,GREEK1 OR ,EA/]N ,EUROPEAN ,JEWI% RADICAL >TISANS & 9TELLECTUALS 9T]ACT$ ) 9DIG5\S ANTI-IMP]IALI/ & SOCIAL RADICALS4 ,:]EAS ,*RI/IAN M9ORITIES T5D$ TO BE CLOS] TO !SE SECUL> & AN>*I/ RADICALS1 NEV]!LESS TRADE UNION SOLID>ITY1 CEM5T$ BY A /RUGGLE AGA9/ 5TREPOT CAPITALI/S1 DISSOLV$ SOME ( ! SECT>IAN B\ND>IES BETWE5 ,MUSLIM & NON-,MUSLIM & OV]CAME O!R M5TAL B\ND>IES ?AT SEP>AT$ ! D5IZ5S ( ! ,EUROPEAN QU>T]S FROM ! RE/ ( ! POPULATION4 ,IF !RE WAS AN 0AN>*I/ ,LEVANT10 !RE WAS SURELY ALSO AN 0AN>*I/ ,PACIFIC0 AS ,B5$ICT ,&]SON HAS %[N US4.<#a#a#b.> ,&]SONS BIOGRAPHY ( ,JOSE ,RIZAL1 ! M>TYR$ ,FILIP9O REVOLUTION>Y & NOVELI/1 *>TS HIS CLOSE CONTACTS ) ,SPANI% & O!R ,EUROPEAN AN>*I/S 9 ! #a#h#iS & H[ HE COMB9$ ,TAGALOG1 ,SPANI%1 O!R ,EUROPEAN CULTURES ) ,FILIP9O NATIONALISM4 ,&]SON PRES5TS US ) A S]IES ( C>TOGRAPHIES ( AN>*ISM & RADICAL NATIONALISM ?AT /RET* FROM ,EA/ ,ASIA TO ! ,M$IT]RANEAN & >E B\ND TOGE!R BY ! LOGIC & LOGI/ICS ( ,SPANI% & O!R ,EUROPEAN IMP]IALISMS4 ,RIZAL & ! ,*9ESE AN>*I/ NOVELI/ ,BA ,J9 7:OSE ADOPT$ NAME SPELLS \T ! FIR/ LETT]S ( ,BAKUN9 & ,KROPOTK97 >E >*ETYPAL LIM9AL 9TELLECTUALS :OSE LIVES >E CASE /UDIES ( HYBRIDITY4.<#a#a#c.> ,ON ! O!R H&1 IT MU/ BE ASK$ TO :AT EXT5T AN>*ISM WAS JU/ ANO!R ,EUROC5TRIC OR ,ORI5TALI/ IDEOLOGY 9 :I*1 CONSCI\SLY OR UNCONSCI\SLY1 ! FIR/ PREMISES ( ! DOM9ANT GLOBAL RACIAL HI]>*Y W]E REPRODUC$ BY ,EUROPEAN COMRADES !MSELVES8 ,?US !MES FROM PO/COLONIAL LIT]ATURE MAY BE FRUITFULLY APPLI$ TO ! /UDY ( AN>*ISM 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,S\?4 ,ANO!R APPROA* TO /UDY+ ! ,GLOBAL ,S\? EMPLOYS COMP>ATIVE /UDIES ( PEASANT RADICALISM4.<#a#a#d.> ,! MO/ USEFUL CASE /UDY MIY RESE>* HAS BE5 DONE4 ,H]E ! IMAGE ( ! ,GLOBAL ,S\? ELIDES 9TO ! B9OM9AL1 P]IPH]Y1 & SEMIP]IPH]Y1 SO P]HAPS WE TRAVEL FROM ,$W>D ,SAID TO ,B>R+TON ,MOORE & ,IMMANUEL ,WALL]/E92 ?AT IS1 WE TRAVEL FROM PO/COLONIALISM TO COMP>ATIVE RURAL SOCIOLOGY & GLOBAL POLITICAL ECONOMY4 ,9 !SE F\R CASES1 RURAL PEASANT SOCIETY LIES ON A CONTE/$ FRONTI] 9 :I* ! EFFECTS ( CLOS] 9TEGRATION TO ! GLOBAL CAPITALI/ M>KET1 ?\< P>T ( DAILY LIFE1 W]E CONCURR5TLY RESI/$ ?\< COMMUNAL QUE/S = SELF-SUFFICI5T ALT]NATIVES4 ,OLD] BONDS ( PAT]NAL OBLIGATION W]E COLLAPS+1 BUT NEW]1 MORE P[]FUL =MS ( /ATE RULE W]E /YMI$ OR COMPROMIS$ BY ! EFFECTS ( CIVIL &_/OR 9T]NATIONAL W>4 ,/RUCTURAL CAUSES1 H[EV]1 DO NOT EXPLA9 :Y RADICAL PEASANT MOVEM5TS TURN T[>D AN>*ISM2 PEASANT MOVEM5TS *OSE NATIONALI/1 RELIGI\S1 OR SOCIALI/ ALT]NATIVES 9 MANY O!R CASES4 ,!RE=E1 TO EXPLA9 ! EM]G5CE ( OP5LY AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS1 AG5CY IS A KEY V>IABLE1 BUT NOT ONLY AG5CY 9 ! =M ( AN>*I/ LEAD]%IP AT ! HEAD ( A GIV5 MOVEM5T1 BUT RA!R AN EMB$D$ /RATUM ( AN>*I/ ACTIVI/S 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE URG+ !IR LESS POLITICIZ$ NEI ,! EXACT RELATION%IP LEAD]S & CADRES HAVE TO EA* O!R1 ! OV]ALL RELATION%IP BETWE5 CITY & C\NTRYSIDE1 & ! URBAN & RURAL CULTURAL CODES ( RADICALISM V>Y 9 EA* ( !SE CASES4 ,?US MANY YE>S AGO ,TEMMA ,KAPLAN DEMON/RAT$ H[ ! PEASANT AN>*I/S ( ,&ALUSIA W]E CLOSELY CONNECT$ TO >TISANS & 9TELLECTUALS 9 NE>BY T[NS1 H[ DISRUPTIVE M>KETPLACE RELATIONS W]E IMPORTANT 9 %AP+ ! WORLD VIEWS ( SMALL CULTIVATORS :O W]E DOM9AT$ BY COMM]CIAL MONOPOLI/S1 SO ?AT AT FIR/ ,BAKUN9I/ COLLECTIVISM 7RA!R ?AN \TRI*O-COMMUNISM7 ME%$ NICELY ) !SE RURAL AN>*I/S4.<#a#a#f.> ,DUR+ ! REVOLUTION>Y ]A 9 ,MEXICO 7#a#i#a-#a#i#b71 ! FOLL[]S ( ,EMILIANO ,ZAPATA 9 ! S\? ( ! C\NTRY LIV$ 9 T5SION ) SYNDICALI/-ORI5T$ AN>*I/S 9 ,MEXICO ,CITY :O HAD CA/ !IR LOT ) ! REVOLUTION>Y C5TRAL GOV]NM5T1 & ?US URBAN AN>*I/ WORK] BATTALIONS F\*I/ MOVEM5TS ( ,MEXICO W]E COMPOS$ ( A COALITION ( ,9DIAN COMMUNITIES1 SMALL RAN*]OS1 & DISPLAC$ PEASANTS :OSE DEM&S C\LD NOT BE RECONCIL$ ) URBAN AN>*I/ WORK]S4 ,! LATT] HAD /AK$ \T !IR POLITICAL SPACE )9 ! NATIONAL CAPITAL 9 :I* ,MEXICO ,CITY'S REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T AF=D$ !M A POLITICAL OPPORTUNITY /RUCTURE4 ,& ?US URBAN WORK] AN>*I/S W]E FRIMIES ELSE:]E 9 ,MEXICO4.<#a#a#g.> ,! AN>*I/S ( ,UKRA9E W]E A V>IATION ON ! RURAL ',GRE5 RADICALISM ( ,CIVIL ,W> ,RUSSIA 7#a#i#a#h-#a#i#b#a71 F\ND P>TICUL>LY 9 ! L[] ,VOLGA VALLEY4 ,S9CE ! LATE N9ETE5? C5TURY1 ,UKRA9E HAD BECOME A MAJOR GLOBAL BREADBASKET1 & ! H>D CURR5CY E>N$ BY ! ,UKRA9IAN GRA9 TRADE HELP$ FUND ! EXPANSION & MOD]NIZATION ( ! ,RUSSIAN >M$ =CES4 ,?US ,UKRA9IAN L&S W]E NOT M>G9AL TO ! FATE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,EMPIRE OR TO ! RHY?MS ( GLOBAL POLITICAL ECONOMY4 ,BUT AFT] YE>S ( WORLD & CIVIL W>1 ! BREAKD[N ( ! C5TRAL /ATE1 & ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! L>G] L&[N]S1 ,UKRA9IAN AN>*I/S 7LIKE ! ,GRE5S7 GA9$ SUPPORT FROM A DI/RESS$ POPULACE BY ADVOCAT+ ! USAGE ( ! MIR 7! LOCAL COMMUNITY7 AS A VEHICLE TO FREE !MSELVES FROM ! 9T]NATIONAL M>KETPLACE1 FROM =EIGN1 NATIONALI/1 & ,:ITE >MIES1 & EQUALLY FROM ! ,BOL%EVIK ,R$ ,>MY1 :OSE =C$ GRA9 REQUISITIONS W]E FE>$ & DETE/$4 ,H[EV] 9 ?IS CASE1 UNLIKE ,MEXICO1 AN>*I/ & LOCAL H]O ,NE/OR ,MAHKNO WAS A CONDUIT ( URBAN POLITICAL CULTURE1 :I* WAS FILT]$ ?R\< A CIRCLE ( URBAN AN>*I/ ADVIS]S1 SO ?AT ! DIVISION BETWE5 C\NTRYSIDE & RADICAL CITY WAS LESS OBVI\S ?AN 9 ,MEXICO4 ,AL?\< ! URBAN-BAS$ ,R$ ,>MY WAS DETE/$1 IT WAS ALSO AN ALLY AGA9/ ! ,:ITES4 ,9 TURN1 ,MAKHNOS DECISIVE VICTORIES OV] ! ,:ITE >MIES SAV$ ,BOL%EVIK ,MOSC[ TWICE FROM CONQUE/ BY C\NT]REVOLUTION>IES4.<#a#a#h.> ,9 ! ,MAN*URIAN-,KOREAN CASE1 ! 0,KOREAN ,MAKHNO10 ,KIM ,*UA-,*91 WAS ABLE TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ! BREAKD[N ( ! /ATE ORD] 9 ,MAN*URIA 9 ! P]IOD BE=E ITS 9VASION BY ,IMP]IAL ,JAPANESE =CES 9 #a#i#c#a4 ,A L>GE ,KOREAN POPULATION /RADDL+ ! ,MAN*URIAN- ,KOREAN BORD]1 ANTI-,JAPANESE FEEL+1 PAN-,KOREANISM1 & SOCIAL RADICALISM 9FLU5C$ BY AN>*O-COMMUNISM ALL[$ HIS >MY TEMPOR>ILY TO SEIZE L>GE SWA!S ( T]RITORY BETWE5 #aibi & #a#i#c#a4.<#a#a#i.> ,GIV+ ! ,GLOBAL ,S\? ITS DUE WEI*ISM WILL !RE=E REVOLUTIONIZE \R UND]/&+ ( ITS GEOGRAPHICAL MORPHOLOGY & 9DE$1 DEEP5 \R KN[L$GE ( ! ORIG9S ( KEY ASPECTS ( ! IDEOLOGY ITSELF4 ,?US ,SPA9 DOES NOT LOOK SO EXCEPTIONAL IF WE VIEW ! 5TIRE GLOBE RA!R ?AN ONLY ITS NOR!RN HALF4 ,! L>GE/ 0AN>*I/0 CITY 9 ! WORLD 9 #aia WAS NOT ,B>CELONA BUT ,BU5OS ,AIRES.<#a#b.>2 A TI] ( CITIES 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,S\? POSSESS$ NOTICEABLE AN>*I/ & SYNDICALI/ POLITICAL SUBCULTURES 7,CANTON1 ,HAVANA1 ,LIMA1 ,MONTEVIDEO1 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO1 ,SAO ,PAULO1 ,%AN*I/-DOM9AT$ TRADE UNIONS 9 ,>G5T9A1 ,BRAZIL1 ,P]U1 & ,MEXICO W]E PROPORTIONALLY MORE DOM9ANT 9 !IR RESPECTIVE C\NTRIES OV]ALL LABOR MOVEM5TS ?AN !IR FAM\S C\S91 ! ,SPANI% ,C,N,T4.<#a#b#a.> ,MORE G5]ALLY1 ONE ( ! MAJOR DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! SOCIALI/ ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL & ! GLOBAL AN>*I/ & SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5TS BE=E #aiad WAS ?IS3 :]EAS ! AN>*I/ & SYNDICALI/S HAD A MASS BASE 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,S\?1 ! SOCIALI/S ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL LACK$ ONE & 9DE$ PO9T$LY IGNOR$ L>GE SWA!S ( ! 9=MALLY COLONIZ$ & COLONIAL WORLDS4.<#a#b#b.> ,CONCLUSION ,9 ?IS >TICLE ,I HAVE FOCUS$ ON ! QUE/IONS ( ! DEF9ITION ( AN>*ISM1 ITS P]IODIZATION1 & ITS GEOGRAPHICAL DISSEM9ATION4 ,I HAVE ADOPT$ A RE/RICTIVE DEF9ITION ( AN>*ISM1 ?US EMPHASIZ+ ! ISM ( AN>*ISM4 ,I HAVE NOT EMPLOY$ AN>*ISM TO MEAN A G5]AL LIB]T>IAN TR5D OR S5SIBILITY 9 ALL HUMAN SOCIETIES = ALL HI/ORICAL EPO*S4 ,I HAVE ADOPT$ A DEF9ITION ( AN>*ISM ADVANC$ BY AN HI/ORIAN ( POLITICAL ?\IES ( SOCIAL HI/ORY4 ,SEV]AL !MES 9 ?IS OV]VIEW REQUIRE FUR!R /UDY4 ,?US ! B\ND>IES BETWE5 PREAN>*ISM & CLASSICAL AN>*ISM NE$ MORE RESE>*1 P>TICUL>LY ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! LEGACIES ( REVEAL$ RELIGION ON LAPS$ BELIEV]S :O HAD TURN$ TO AN>*ISM4 ,H[ DID ! ?\*ISM ITSELF8 ,?US A GOOD />T IS ,MI*AEL ,L[Y S S5SITIVE TREATM5T ( ! PRECISE ROLES ( MILL5>IANISM & AN>*ISM 9 PEASANT MOVEM5TS DUR+ ! N9ETE5? & TW5TIE? C5TURIES4 ,= HIM ! MILL5>IAN TRADITION IS TRANSMUT$ 9 MOD]N AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS BY RATIONALI/1 LIT]ATE1 & CALCULAT+ SOCIAL ACTORS1 9 :I* FAI? IS TRANSLAT$ 9TO A SECUL> PASSION4.<#a#b#c.> ,WE ALSO NE$ A GOOD DEAL MORE 9VE/IGATION ( ! ORIG9S ( MOD]N ANTI/ATISM1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ! L9KAGES BETWE5 TRADITIONS ( DEC5TRALIZ$ =MS ( GOV]NANCE & CU/OM>Y SELF-RULE & ADJUDICATION1 :I* PREC$$ ! PRES5CE ( ! MOD]N /ATE4 ,F9ALLY !RE IS ! DISSEM9ATION ( AN>*ISM 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,S\?4 ,! 9T]ACTION ( ,EUROPEAN IDEOLOGIES 79CLUD+ AN>*ISM7 ) NATIVE TRADITIONS HAS GIV5 RISE TO AN EXCIT+ NEW LIT]ATURE ?AT DRAWS UPON PO/COLONIAL /UDIES4 ,BUT IT ALSO DRAWS ON ! TRANSNATIONAL & DIASPORIC TURN 9 REGIONAL & WORLD HI/ORY4 ,9 ?IS REG>D ! /UDY ( ! DISSEM9ATION & RECEPTION ( AN>*ISM & ITS K9DR$ DOCTR9E SYNDICALISM DES]VES ! ATT5TION ( A WID] SPECTRUM ( HI/ORIANS & HI/ORICAL SOCIOLOGI/S4 ,BUT !RE IS ALSO ! UTILITY ( AN AN>*I/ ME?OD OR S5SITIVITY 9 WRIT+ GLOBAL OR ,EUROPEAN HI/ORY ITSELF4 ,SO1 = EXAMPLE1 ,KROPOTK9S 9T]E/ 9 ! COMMUNES & GUILDS ( M$IEVAL ,EUROPE ANTICIPATES A REC5T PA?-BREAK+ ACC\NT ( SOCIAL REVOLTS 9 M$IEVAL ,EUROPE4 ,E*O+ ,KROPOTK9 )\T ACKN[L$G+ HIS 9FLU5CE1 ,SAMUEL ,COHN ,JR4 >GUES ?AT1 BY ! E>LY F\RTE5? C5TURY1 ! GR[? ( GUILD COMMUNITIES & PEASANT MILITIAS & ! CONCOMITANT L[]+ ( TAXES BLUNT$ ! >ROGANCE ( MAGNATES & MITIGAT$ AGA9/ REGIMES BAS$ ON W>1 VIOL5CE1 & PLUND]1 ?US %IFT+ ! BALANCE ( P[] FROM W>LORD ELITES TO MORE PEACEFUL & DEMOCRATIC CON/ELLATIONS ( P[]4 ,BUT !SE DEC5TRALIZ$ & PEACEFUL =MS ( SELF-RULE W]E FOLL[$ BY A BACKLA% 9 :I* AN 5SU+ GR[? ( ! E>LY MOD]N /ATE REVAMP$ A MORE EFFECTIVE V]SION ( ! E>LI] REIGN ( W>LORDS & WITNESS$ ! REVIVAL ( HI]>*ICAL & AU?ORIT>IAN ME?ODS & ! DIM9UTION OR ELIM9ATION ( ! P[]S ( COMMUNES1 CITY-/ATES1 & O!R %>$ ZONES ( SOV]EIGNTY4.<#a#b#d.> ,?US TO RECALL ,JAMES ,SCOTT1 AN AN>*I/ ME?OD WILL HELP UND]/& H[ CON/ELLATIONS ( POLITICAL P[] LE>N TO LOOK & ACT LIKE /ATES1 & H[ FREE ZONES SU* AS ,ZOMIA >E GRADUALLY DIGE/$ BY EMP[]$ ADJAC5T /ATES4.<#a#b#e.> ,BUT IT W\LD ALSO BE POSSIBLE TO 5VISAGE A HI/ORY ( MOD]NITY ?AT EMPHASIZES A DIALECTICAL MOVEM5T BETWE5 ! PO/-,WE/PHALIAN /ATE & WAVES ( WORLDWIDE COSMOPOLITAN PROTE/ MANIFE/$ ?R\< ! P]IODIC COLLECTIVE BREAKD[N ( ! 9T]NATIONAL CONDOM9IUM ( SU* SOV]EIGN BODIES4 ,?US S9CE ! EI ANTIMILIT>ISM OR W> WE>9ESS1 & ACUTE 9T]CONNECT$ CIVIL W>S.<#a#b#f.> ?AT HAVE BL9DSID$ ! PUTATIVE PANOPTICAL PR$ICTIVE CAPACITIES ( ! E>LY MOD]N1 CAPITALI/1 OR COMMUNI/ ,/ATES 7#a#g#h#i-#a#g#i#c1#a#h#b-#b#a1#a#h#c1#a#h#d#h1#a#h#g#a3 ! ]A ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION & ITS AFT]MA?2 #a#i#e-#a#i#a#d3 ! ,SYNDICALI/ REVOLT & ! FIR/ ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION2 #a#i#a#g-#a#i#b#d3 ,WORLD ,W> & REVOLUTION2 #a#i#d#d-#a#i#d#g3 ! ,RESI/ANCE & ,WORLD ,W>2 #a#i#f#h3 /UD5T1 CITIZ5S1 & WORK]S REVOLTS2 EV5 #a#i#h#i-#a#i#i#a3 ! FALL ( COMMUNISM74 ,BUT H]E TOO1 ! SAME BACKLA% RESPONSE ,COHN DETECT$ 9 E>LY MOD]N ,EUROPE IS WRIT L>GE 9 9T]NATIONAL SOCIETY1 SO ?AT *ALL5GES TO ! /ATE =M & ! 9T]NATIONAL /ATE SY/EM ITSELF >E FOLL[$ BY 9NOVATION & RE9=CEM5T ( /ATE P[] OV] CONTE/$ GEOGRAPHICAL SPACE & ! HUMAN BODY ITSELF4 ,TWO REC5T EXAMPLES WILL SUFFICE4 ,9 ,J]EMI ,SURI S 9NOVATIVE /UDY ( ! ORIG9S ( ! DET5TES BETWE5 ,*9A & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & BETWE5 ! ,U4,S4,S4,R4 & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9 ! ,NIXON ]A1 HE >GUES ?AT ! GREAT P[]S REACT$ TO ! ]UPTION ( GRASSROOTS PUBLIC PROTE/ 7,EA/ & ,WE/7 BY SEIZ+ ! 9ITIATIVE1 SEP>AT+ POLITICS FROM GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY1 REASS]T+ ! P[] ( ! /ATE1 & 5D+ ! GREAT DISRUPTIONS ( ! #a#i#fS4.<#a#b#g.> ,BY ! TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY1 9 RESPONSE TO ! UN/OPPABLE MIGRATORY FL[ ( =C$ & ECONOMIC MIGRANTS1 NATION-/ATES ( ! ,GLOBAL ,NOR?1 & 9CREAS+LY O!RS1 >E MORE LIKELY TO FIT !IR 0BORD]S0 >\ND ! CEASELESS & SPONTANE\S FL[ ( PEOPLE RA!R ?AN BE B\ND BY BORD] PO/S OR L9ES DRAWN 9 ! S& OR ON MAPS4.<#a#b#h.> ,A COMP>ATIVE GLOBAL SOCIAL HI/ORY ( AN>*ISM HELPS US DEF9E ! P>AMET]S ( AN>*ISM AS IDEOLOGY1 BUT IT MI*I/ IMAG9ATION 9SPIRES APPROA*ES ?AT TRANSC5D ! CON/RA9TS ( BO? ,M>XI/ & REALI/ ACC\NTS ( GLOBAL & 9T]NATIONAL HI/ORIES BECAUSE IT HI*I/ TAKE ON ME?ODOLOGICAL 9DIVIDUALISM C\NT]BALANCES ! CIRCUL> FUNCTIONALI/ REASON+ ?AT ONE F9DS ALL TOO (T5 9 /UDIES ?AT OV]EMPHASIZE RIGID SOCIAL CLASS & COMPETITIVE /ATE ELITE ANALYZES OR DEP5D TOO MU* ON DET]M9ISI POLITICAL ECONOMY & GEOPOLITICS4.<#a#b#i.> ,MU* ( :AT HAS BE5 DISCUSS$ 9 ?IS >TICLE %>ES ! FIR/ PREMISES ( ! TRANSNATIONAL TURN 9 GLOBAL HI/ORY & ITS SUBSET1 TRANSNATIONAL LABOR HI/ORY2 & TO COMPLETE A CIRCLE ( RECIPROCAL 9FLU5CES1 ! /UDY ( AN>*I/ & LABOR COSMOPOLITANISM DUR+ ! ]A ( GLOBALIZATION BE=E #aiad HAS BE5 AN 9SPIRATION = HI/ORIANS & SOCIOLOGI/S SEEK+ TO MAKE S5SE ( ! NEW ORD] ( LABOR MILITANCY 9 ! 9DU/RIALIZ$ ,GLOBAL ,S\?1 :I* HAS >IS5 S9CE ! #a#i#fS4.<#a#c.> ,9 TURN MODELS TAK5 FROM ! /UDY ( CULTURAL DIASPORAS HAVE BE5 HELPFUL TO HI/ORIANS ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM4 ,JOSE ,MOYA PROMISES A /UDY ( ! MIGRATORY PATT]NS ( ,ITALIAN1 ,SPANI%1 & ,RUSSIAN ,JEWI% AN>*I/S :O PLI$ BACK & =? ACROSS ! ,ATLANTIC1 AN 0,AN>*I/ ,ATLANTIC0 DIRECTLY 9SPIR$ BY ,PAUL ,GILROY'S 0,BLACK ,ATLANTIC40.<#a#c#a.> ,?US ! SOCIAL HI/ORY ( AN>*ISM (F]S MU* TO ! BURGEON+ FIELDS ( TRANSNATIONAL & GLOBAL HI/ORIES1 & 9 TURN !SE FIELDS WILL 5RI* ! HI/ORIOGRAPHY ( AN>*ISM4 ,NOTES ,PREVI\S V]SIONS ( ?IS PAP] W]E GIV5 AT ! ,SEV5? ,EUROPEAN ,SOCIAL ,SCI5CE ,HI/ORY ,CONF]5CE1 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,LISBON 7#b#f ,FEBRU>Y-#a ,M>* #b#h72 ! ,G]MAN ,HI/ORICAL ,9/ITUTE1 ,ROME1 #g ,JULY #b#h2 ,AN>*I/ ,/UDIES ,NETWORK1 ,POLITICAL ,/UDIES ,ASSOCIATION1 ,L\*AEOLOGY1 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,BANGOR1 #f ,OCTOB] #b#h2 ,POLITICAL ,IDEOLOGIES ,RESE>* ,SEM9>1 ,DEP>TM5T ( ,POLITICS & ,9T]NATIONAL ,RELATIONS1 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,OX=D1 #c ,FEBRU>Y #b#i2 & ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,POLITICS ,SEM9>1 ,GOLDSMI?S1 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,LONDON1 #ag ,M>* #b#i4 ,I W\LD LIKE TO ?ANK V>I\S MEMB]S ( ! AUDI5CE AT !SE CONF]5CES & SEM9>S4 ,! $ITORIAL BO>D ( ! ,J\RNAL = ! ,/UDY ( ,RADICALISM & !IR ANONYM\S REVIEW]S SUPPLI$ USEFUL & SUPPORTIVE CRITICISM TO AN E>LI] V]SION ( ?IS PAP]1 & !Y %\LD BE ?ANK$4 ,! USUAL CAVEATS APPLY4 .<#a.> ,= ! /&>D ACC\NTS1 SEE ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 ,A ,%ORT ,HI/ORY ( ,AN>*ISM 7,LONDON3 ,FRE$OM1 #a#i#i#f72 ,GEORGE ,WOODCOCK1 ,AN>*ISM3 A ,HI/ORY ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,IDEAS & ,MOVEM5TS 7,H>MONDSWOR?1 ,U,K3 ,P5GU91 #a#i#h#f1 #bND $472 ,JAMES ,JOLI1 ,! ,AN>*I/S 7,LONDON3 ,R,K,P1 #a#i#g#i1 #bND $472 ,PET] ,M>%ALL1 ,DEM&+ ! ,IMPOSSIBLE3 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,AN>*ISM 7,LONDON3 ,H>P],P]5NIAL1 #b#g1#bND $474 ,= ,MI*AEL ,S*MIDT & ,LUCI5 VAN D] ,WALT1 SEE ,BLACK ,FLAME3 ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,CLASS ,POLITICS ( ,AN>*ISM & ,SYNDICALISM 7,$9BUR<1 ,U,K3 ,A,K ,PRESS1 #b#i74 .<#b.> ,DAVIDE ,TURCATO1 0,MAK+ ,S5SE ( ,AN>*ISM3 ,! ,EXP]IM5TS ) ,REVOLUTION ( ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 ,ITALIAN ,EXILE 9 ,LONDON1 #a#h#h#i-#a#i0 7,PH4,D4 DIS41 ,SIMON ,FRAS] ,UNIV]SITY1 #b#i72 & ,DAVIDE ,TURCATO1 0,9TRODUCTION1 ,MAK+ ,S5SE ( ,AN>*ISM10 9 ,HI/ORY ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,IDEAS1 VOI4 #b1 ,! ,EM]G5CE ( ! ,NEW ,AN>*ISM 7#a#i#c#i-#a#i#g#g71 $4 ,ROB]T ,GRAHAM 7,MONTREAL3 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,PRESS1 #b#i71 XV-XXIV4 .<#c.> ,C>L ,LEVY1 0,MALATE/A 9 ,EXILE10 ,ANNALI DELLA ,FONDAZIONE ,LUIGI ,E9AUDI #ae 7#a#i#h#a73 #b#d#e-#g2 ,C>L ,LEVY1 0,MALATE/A 9 ,LONDON3 ,! ,]A ( ,DYNAMITE10 ,! ,ITALIANI/1 $4 ,L4 ,SPONZA & ,A4 ,TOSI1 0,A ,C5TURY ( ,ITALIAN ,EMIGRATION 9 ,BRITA9 #ahh TO #a#i#hS10 7SPECIAL SUPPLEM5T7 #ac 7#a#i#i#c73 #b#e-#d#b4 .<#d.> ,C>L ,LEVY1 0,CURR5TS ( ,ITALIAN ,SYNDICALISM BE=E #a#i#b#f10 ,9T]NATIONAL ,REVIEW ( ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY #de 7#b73 #b#i-#e4 .<#e.> ,C>L ,LEVY1 0,AN>*ISM1 ,9T]NATIONALISM & ,NATIONALISM 9 ,EUROPE1 #a#h#f-#a#i#c#i10 ,AU/RALIAN ,J\RNAL ( ,POLITICS & ,HI/ORY #e1 #c 7#b#d73 #c#c-#d#b4 .<#f.> ,C>L ,LEVY1 0,MAX ,WEB]1 ,AN>*ISM & ,LIB]T>IAN ,CULTURE3 ,P]SONALITY & ,P[] ,POLITICS10 9 ,MAX ,WEB]& ! ,CULTURE ( ,AN>*Y1 $4 ,SAM ,:IM/] 7,BAS+/OKE1 ,U,K3 ,MACMILLAN1 #a#i#i#i71 #h#c-#a#i4 .<#g.> ,C>L ,LEVY1 0,! ,AN>*I/ ,ASSASS9 9 ,ITALIAN ,HI/ORY3 #a#h#gS TO #a#i#cS10 9 ,ASSASS9ATIONS & ,MURD] 9 ,MOD]N ,ITALY3 ,TRANS=MATIONS 9 ,SOCIETY & ,CULTURE1 $S4 ,/EPH5 ,GUNDLE & ,LUCIA ,R9ALDI 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,MACMILLAN ,PAIGRAVE1 #b#g71 #b#g-#b#a4 .<#h.> ,C>L ,LEVY1 ,GRAMSCI & ! ,AN>*I/S 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,N,Y,U_/,B]G ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#i74 .<#i.> ,C>L ,LEVY1 ,GRAMSCI & ! ,AN>*I/S4 .<#a.> ,C>L ,LEVY1 0,ITALIAN & ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM ,COMP>$3 ,NATION1 ,REGION & ,PATRIOTISM1 #a#h#f-#a#i#d#e10 =?COM+4 .<#a#a.> ,= SUMM>Y ( !SE FIELDS1 SEE ,?OMAS ,DIXON1 ,! ,9V5TION ( ,ALTRUISM3 ,MAK+ ,MORAL ,MEAN+S 9 ,VICTORIAN ,BRITA9 7,OX=D3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#h74 ,I HAVE TRI$ MY H& AT REALIZ+ SOME ( !SE OBJECTS 9 A /UDY ?AT IS RELAT$ TO ! SOCIAL HI/ORIES ( AN>*ISM2 SEE 0',SOVV]SIVISMO'3 ,! ,RADICAL ,POLITICAL ,CULTURE ( ,O!RNESS 9 ,LIB]AL ,ITALY10 ,J\RNAL ( ,POLITICAL ,IDEOLOGIES #a#b1#a 7#b#g73 #a#d#g-#f#a4 .<#a#b.> ,B4 ,ALT5A1 0,H[ ,AB\T ! ,HI/ORY ( ,AN>*ISM AS A ,NATIONAL ,SOCIAL ,MOVEM5T810 ,SEV5? ,EUROPEAN ,SOCIAL ,SCI5CE ,HI/ORY ,CONF]5CE1 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,LISBON1 #bf ,FEBRU>Y-#a ,M>* #b#h4 .<#a#c.> ,E4 ,ROMANOS1 0,ANALYZ+ ,AN>*I/ ,MOBILIZATION 9 A ,HI ,DAVIDE ,TURCATO1 0,MAK+ ,S5SE ( ,AN>*ISM10 ,SEV5? ,EUROPEAN ,SOCIAL ,SCI5CE ,HI/ORY ,CONF]5CE4 .<#a#e.> ,T4 ,GOY5S1 0,SOCIAL ,SPACE & ! ,PRACTICE ( ,AN>*I/ ,HI/ORY10 ,SEV5? ,EUROPEAN ,SOCIAL ,SCI5CE ,HI/ORY ,CONF]5CE2 & HIS WOND]FUL MONOGRAPH1 ,BE] & ,REVOLUTION3 ,! ,G]MAN ,AN>*I/ ,MOVEM5T 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY2 #a#h#h-#a#i#a#d 7,URBANA3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,ILL9OIS PRESS1 #b#g74 .<#a#f.> ,TURCATO1 0,MAK+ ,S5SE ( ,AN>*ISM40 .<#a#g.> ,M>%ALL1 ,DEM&+ ! ,IMPOSSIBLE4 ,RU? ,K9NA WRITES 9T]E/+LY ON ! HI/ORIOGRAPHY ( AN>*ISM2 SEE H] ,AN>*ISM3 ,A ,BEG9N]'S ,GUIDE 7,OX=D3 ,ONE ,WORLD1 #b#e71 & ! 9CISIVE COMM5TS BY ,S*MIDT & VAN D] ,WALT1 ,BLACK ,FLAMEY #a#g4 .<#a#h.> ,G4 ,CR[D]1 ,CLASSICAL ,AN>*ISM4 ,! ,POLITICAL ,?\5DON ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#a74 ,A GOOD ACC\NT ( ! POLITICAL ECONOMY ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM IS F\ND 9 ,ROB]T ,KN[LES1 ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY FROM ,BEL[3 ,ECONOMIC ,?\IAN ,AN>*ISM1 #a#h#d-#a#i#a#d 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE1 #b#d74 .<#a#i.> ,A4 ,SKIRDA1 ,FAC+ ! ,5EMY3 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,AN>*I/ ,ORGANIZATION FROM ,PR\DHON TO ,MAY #aifh 7,$9BUR<1 ,U,K3 ,A,K ,PRESS1 #b#b74 .<#b.> ,= A GOOD OV]VIEW ( ,MALATE/A1 SEE ,PAUL ,NURSEY-,BRAY1 0,MALATE/A & ! ,AN>*I/ ,REVOLUTION10 ,AN>*I/ ,/UDIES #c1#a 7#a#i#i#e73 #b#e-#d#d4 .<#b#a.> ,DAVID ,MORL&1 ,DEM&+ ! ,IMPOSSIBLE3 ,HUMAN ,NATURE & ,POLITICS 9 ,N9ETE5?-,C5TURY ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM 7,LONDON3 ,CASSELL1 #a#i#i#g71 #a#i#i4 .<#b#b.> ,COL9 ,W>D1 ,AN>*Y 9 ,ACTION 7,LONDON3 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#c72 ,/U>T ,:ITE1 0,MAK+ ,AN>*ISM ,RESPECTABLE8 ,! ,SOCIAL ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,COL9 ,W>D10 ,J\RNAL ( ,POLITICAL ,IDEOLOGIES #a#b1#a 7#b#g73 #a#a-#b#h4 .<#b#c.> ,I GIVE A SUMM>Y 9 0,AN>*ISM10 ,5C>TA ,5CYCLOP$IA 7,LONDON3 ,WEB/]'S ,9T]NATIONAL1 ,MICROS(T ,5C>TA1 HTTP3_/_/5C>TA4MSN4COM_/5CLYCLOP$IAY #b#d74 ,!RE IS A VA/ LIT]ATURE ON PO/W> AN>*ISM & PO/AN>*ISM4 ,SEE ,DAVID ,APT] & ,JAMES ,JOLI1 $S41 ,AN>*ISM ,TODAY 7,LONDON3 ,MACMILLAN1 #a#i#g#a72 ,RI*>D ,GOMB91 ,! ,ORIG9S ( ,MOD]N ,LEFTISM 7,H>MONDSWOR?1 ,U,K3 ,P5GU91 #a#i#g#e72 ,H4 ,J4 ,EHLRI*1 $41 ,RE-9V5T+ ,AN>*Y3 ,:AT >E ! ,AN>*I/S ,?9K+ ,!SE ,DAYS,I 7,LONDON3 ,R,K,P1 #a#i#g#i72 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 0,NEW ,SOCIAL ,MOVEM5TS3 ,! ,AN>*IC ,DIM5SION10 9 ,= ,AN>*ISM3 ,HI/ORY2 ,!ORY & ,PRACTICET $4 ,DAVID ,GOODWAY 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE1 #a#i#h#i71 #b#e#i-#g#d2 ,TODD ,MAY1 ,! ,POLITICAL ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,PO//RUCTURAL ,AN>*ISM 7,COLLEGE ,/ATION3 ,P5NSYLVANIA ,/ATE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#d72 ,J4 ,PURKIS & ,J4 ,B[51 $S41 ,TW5TY-,FIR/ ,C5TURY ,AN>*ISM3 ,UNOR?ODOX ,IDEAS = A ,NEW ,MILL5NIUM 7,LONDON3 ,CASSELL1 #a#i#i#g72 ,SAUL ,NEWMAN1 ,FROM ,BAKUN9 TO ,LACAN3 ,ANTI-,AU?ORIT>IANISM & ! ,DISLOCATION ( ,P[] 7,LANHAM3 ,LEX+TON1 #b#a72 ,LEWIS ,CALL1 ,PO/MOD]N ,AN>*ISM 7,LANHAM3 ,LEX+TON1 #b#b72 ,DAVID ,GRAEB]1 0,! ,NEW ,AN>*I/S10 ,NEW ,LEFT ,REVIEW #ac 7#b#b73 #f#a-#g#c2 ,S4 ,M4 ,%EEHAN1 ,AN>*ISM 7,LONDON3 ,REAKTION ,BOOKS1 #b#c72 ,J4 ,PURKIS & ,J4 ,B[51 $S41 ,*ANG+ ,AN>*ISM3 ,AN>*I/ ,!ORY & ,PRACTICE 9 A ,GLOBAL ,AGE 7,MAN*E/]1 ,U,K3 ,MAN*E/] ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#d72 ,J4 ,F4 ,DAY1 ,GRAMSCI IS ,DEAD3 ,AN>*I/ ,CURR5TS 9 ! ,NEWE/ ,SOCIAL ,MOVEM5TS 7,LONDON3 ,PLUTO ,PRESS1 #b#e72 ,B5JAM9 ,FRANKS1 0,PO/AN>*ISM3 ,A ,CRITICAL ,ASSESSM5T10 ,J\RNAL ( ,POLITICAL ,IDEOLOGIES #a#b1#b 7#b#g73 #a#b#g-#d#f2 ,G4 ,KATSIAFICAS1 ,! ,SUBV]SION ( ,POLITICS3 ,EUROPEAN ,AUTONOM\S ,SOCIAL ,MOVEM5TS & ! ,DECOLONIALIZATION ( ,EV]YDAY ,LIFE 7,$9BUR<1 ,U,K3 ,A,K ,PRESS1 NEW $41 #b#g72 ,URI ,GORDON1 ,AN>*Y ,ALIVE6 ,ANTI-,AU?ORIT>IAN ,POLITICS FROM ,PRACTICE TO ,!ORY 7,LONDON3 ,PLUTO ,PRESS1 #b#h72 ,R4 ,AM/] ET AL41 ,CONTEMPOR>Y ,AN>*I/ ,/UDIES3 ,AN ,9TRODUCTORY ,AN?OLOGY ( ,AN>*Y 9 ! ,ACADEMIC 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE1 #b#i72 ,GRAHAM1 ,HI/ORY ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,IDEAS1 VOI4 #b2 ,SAUL ,NEWMAN1 ,! ,POLITICS ( ,PO/-,AN>*ISM 7,$9BUR<1 ,U,K3 ,$9BUR< ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a74 .<#b#d.> ,RU? ,K9NA1 0,! ,AN>*I/ ,CANON10 ,AN>*I/ ,/UDIES #e1#a 7#a#i#i#g73 #f#g-#g#a4 .<#b#e.> ,PAUL ,MC,LAU*ISM & ,AU?ORITY3 ,A ,PHILOSOPHICAL ,9TRODUCTION TO ,CLASSICAL ,AN>*ISM 7,ALD]%OT1 ,U,K3 ,A%GATE1 #b#g74 .<#b#f.> ,SAMUEL ,CL>K1 ,LIV+ )\T ,DOM9ATION 7,ALD]%OT1 ,U,K3 ,A%GATE1 #b#g74 .<#b#g.> ,RU? ,K9NA1 0,AN>*ISM & ! ,POLITICS ( ,UTOPIA10 9 ,AN>*ISM & ,UTOPIANISM1 $S4 ,LAUR5CE ,DAVIS & ,RU? ,K9NA 7,MAN*E/]1 ,U,K3 ,MAN*E/] ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#i71 #b#b#a-#d4 .<#b#h.> ,SAMUEL ,CL>K HAS A V]Y USEFUL SUMM>Y ( ! LIT]ATURE ON ! EVOLUTION ( ! /ATE & ! /ATE SY/EM FROM ! F\RTE5? TO ! TW5TIE? C5TURIES4 ,SEE ,CL>K1 ,LIV+ )\T ,DOM9ATION1 #g#e-#a#f2 ,MI*EL ,MANN1 ,! ,S\RCES ( ,SOCIAL ,P[]1 VOLS4 #a & #b 7,CAMBRIDGE1 ,U,K3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#c72 & ,JOHN ,D>W91 ,AFT] ,TAM]LA9E3 ,! ,GLOBAL ,HI/ORY ( ,EMPIRE 7,LONDON3 ,P5GU91 ,ALL5 ,LANE1 #b#g74 .<#b#i.> ,PI]RE ,CLA/RES1 ,SOCIETY AGA9/ ! ,/ATE 7,BO/ON3 ,M,I,T ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#i72 ,DAVID ,GRAEB]1 ,FRAGM5TS ( AN ,AN>*I/ ,AN?ROPOLOGY 7,*ICAGO3 ,PRICKLY ,P>ADIGM ,PRESS1 #b#d72 ,H>OLD ,B>CLAY1 ,PEOPLE )\T ,GOV]NM5T3 ,AN ,AN?ROPOLOGY ( ,AN>*Y 7,LONDON3 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 NEW $41 #b#f74 .<#c.> ,CL>K1 ,LIV+ )\T ,DOM9ATION1 #a#i-#c#h4 .<#c#a.> ,SEE ! LIFE'S WORK ( ,MI*EL ,MANN ON ! ORIG9S & DEVELOPM5T ( ! /ATE & ! CONCEPT ( 9FRA/RUCTURAL REA*4 .<#c#b.> ,S4 ,GEMIE1 0,C\NT]-,COMMUNITY3 ,AN ,ASPECT ( ,AN>*I/ ,POLITICAL ,CULTURE10 ,J\RNAL ( ,CONTEMPOR>Y ,HI/ORY #bi 7#a#i#i#d73 #c#d#i-#f#g4 .<#c#c.> ,S4 ,GEMIE1 0 ,AN>*ISM & ,FEM9ISM3 ,A ,HI/ORICAL ,SURVEY10 ,WOM5'S ,HI/ORY ,REVIEW #e1 #c 7#a#i#i#f73 #d#a#d-#d#d2 ,M4 ,NA%1 ,DEFY+ ,MALE ,CIVILIZATION3 ,WOM5 & ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> 7,D5V]3 ,>D5 ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#e72 ,RI*>D ,CLEM9SON1 ,AN>*ISM1 ,SCI5CE & ,SEX3 ,EUG5ICS 9 ,EA/]N ,SPA9 7,B]N3 ,PET] ,LA+1 #b72 ,M4 ,ACKELSB]G1 ,FREE ,WOM5 ( ,SPA93 ,AN>*ISM & ! ,/RUGGLE = ! ,EMANCIPATION ( ,WOM5 7,$9BUR<1 ,U,K3 ,A,K ,PRESS1 NEW $41 #b#d74 .<#c#d.> ,CL>K1 ,LIV+ )\T ,DOM9ATION1 #i#g4 .<#c#e.> ,J4 ,C4 ,SCOTT1 ,SEE+ ,LIKE A ,/ATE3 ,H[ ,C]TA9 ,S*EMES TO ,IMPROVE ! ,HUMAN ,CONDITION ,HAVE ,FAIL$ 7,NEW ,HAV51 ,C,T3 ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#h72 & ,J4 ,C4 ,SCOTT1 ,! ,>T ( ,NOT ,BE+ ,GOV]N$3 ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,HI/ORY ( ,UPL& ,S\!A/ ,ASIA 7,NEW ,HAV51 ,C,T3 ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#i74 ,ALSO CONSULT ,F]N&A ,PIRIE'S /UDY ( ,LADAKH = A SLI ECOLOGICAL FACTORS AS F\ND 9 ,ZOMIA1 BUT GOES ON TO GIVE A FASC9AT+ DESCRIPTION ( ! ME?ODS ( CONFLICT RESOLUTION1 :I* HAVE SURVIV$ 9T]F]5CE BY BO? ! ,9DIAN /ATE & ! ,BUDDHI/ HI]>*Y1 & BR+S TO M9D ,KROPOTK9'S DISCUSSION ( ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 CU/OM>Y PRACTICES & /ATE 5=C$ LAW2 ,PEACE & ,CONFLICT 9 ,LADAKH3 ,! ,CON/RUCTION ( A ,FRAGILE ,WEB ( ,ORD] 7,AM/]DAM3 ,BRILL1 #b#g74 .<#c#f.> ,PET] ,L9EBAU< & ,M>CUS ,R$IK]1 ,! ,MANY-,HEAD$ ,HYDRA3 ,! ,HIDD5 ,HI/ORY ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ATLANTIC 7,LONDON3 ,V]SO1 #b72 ,C4 ,L&1 0,FLY+ ! ,BLACK ,FLAG3 ,REVOLT1 ,REVOLUTION1 & ! ,SOCIAL ,ORGANIZATION ( ,PIRACY 9 ! ',GOLD5 ,AGE10' ,MANAGEM5T @& ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,HI/ORY1 #b1 #b 7#b#g73 #a#f#i-#a#i#b2 ,CL>K1 ,LIV+ )\T ,DOM9ATION1 #a#a-#a#c4 .<#c#g.> ,]IC ,HOBSBAWM1 ,PRIMITIVE ,REBELS3 ,/UDIES 9 ,>*AIC ,=MS ( ,SOCIAL ,MOVEM5TS 9 ! #a#i? & #b? ,C5TURIES 7,MAN*E/]1 ,U,K3 ,MAN*E/] ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #cRD $41 #a#i#g#a71 *4 #e2 & ,G]ALD ,BR5AN1 ,! ,SPANI% ,LABYR9? 7,CAMBRIDGE1 ,U,K3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 ,CANTO $41 #a#i#i74 ,= AN OV]VIEW ( ?IS DISCUSSION1 SEE ,M4 ,G4 ,DUNCAN1 0,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM ,REFRACT$3 ,!MES & ,IMAGES 9 ,MILL5>IAN & ,REVISIONI/ ,LIT]ATURE10 ,J\RNAL ( ,CONTEMPOR>Y ,HI/ORY #b#c1#c 7#a#i#h#h73 #c#b#c-#d#f4 .<#c#h.> ,N4 ,COHN1 ,! ,PURSUIT ( ! ,MILL5NIUM3 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILL5>IANS & ,MY/ICAL ,AN>*I/S ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES 7,LONDON3 ,PIMLICO1 REV4 $41 #a#i#i#c74 .<#c#i.> ,PATRICIA ,CRONE1 0,N9?-,C5TURY ,MUSLIM ,AN>*I/S10 ,PA/ @& ,PRES5T #afi 7#b73 #c-#b#h2 & ,H>OLD ,B>CLAY1 0,ISLAM1 ,MUSLIM ,SOCIETIES & ,AN>*Y10 ,AN>*I/ ,/UDIES #a1 #b 7#b#c73 #e-#a#h4 .<#d.> ,TURCATO1 0,MAK+ ,S5SE ( ,AN>*ISM44 .<#d#a.> ,:IM/]1 ,MAX ,WEB] & ! ,CULTURE ( ,AN>*ISM4 .<#d#b.> ,CL>K1 ,LIV+ )\T ,DOM9ATION1 #a#b#a-#b#f2 ,HOBSBAWM1 ,PRIMITIVE ,REBELS4 .<#d#c.> ,PET] ,M>%ALL1 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 7,NEW ,HAV51 ,C,T3 ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#d74 .<#d#d.> ,= A PIONE]+ ATTEMPT TO DISCUSS ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 REVEAL$ & ORGANIZ$ RELIGIONS & AN>*ISM1 SEE ,RELIGI\S ,AN>*ISM3 ,NEW ,P]SPECTIVES1 ,ALEX&RE ,*RI/OYANNOP\LOS 7,NEWCA/LE UPON ,TYNE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,S*OL>S ,PUBLI%]1 #b#i74 ,K4 ,V9C5T1 ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON & ! ,RISE ( ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SYNDICALISM 7,B]KELEY3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#d74 .<#d#e.> ,! LATE/ BIOGRAPHY ( ,BAKUN9 D[NGRADES ! PSY*OSEXUAL APPROA* FAVOR$ BY PREVI\S BIOGRAPH]S2 SEE ,M4 ,LEI]1 ,BAKUN93 ,! ,CREATIVE ,PASSION 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,/4 ,M>T9S ,PRESS1 #b#f74 ,= ! OR?ODOX APPROA*1 SEE ,E4 ,H4 ,C>R1 ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9 7,LONDON3 ,MACMILLAN1 #a#i#c#g72 & ,AILE5 ,KELLY1 ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN93 ,A ,/UDY 9 ! ,PSY*OLOGY & ,POLITICS ( ,UTOPIANISM 7,OX=D3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#b74 ,H[EV]1 ,LEI] MAY UND]/ATE ! PREAN>*I/ 9FLU5CES ON ! AN>*I/ PHASE ( ,BAKUN9S LIFE4 .<#d#f.> ,JONA?AN ,ISRAEL1 ,RADICAL ,5LI ,G4 ,CLAEYS1 0,RECIPROCAL ,DEP5D5CE1 ,VIRTUE & ,PROGRESS3 ,SOME ,S\RCES ( ,E>LY ,SOCIALI/ ,COSMOPOLITANISM & ,9T]NATIONALISM 9 ,BRITA9 #a#g#e-#a#h#e10 9 ,9T]NATIONALISM 9 ! ,LABOR ,MOVEM5T1 #a#h#c-#a#i#a#d1 VOI4 #a1 $S4 ,F4 VAN ,HOL?OON & ,M4 VAN D] ,L9D5 7,LEID51 ,N,L3 ,E4,J4 ,BRILL1 #a#i#h#h74 .<#d#h.> ,M4 ,ISABELLA1 ,! ,RISORGIM5TO 9 ,EXILE3 ,ITALIAN ,EMIGRES & ! ,LIB]AL ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ! ,PO/-,NAPOLEONIC ,]A 7,OX=D3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#i74 .<#d#i.> ,M>K ,S$GWICK1 0,AL-,QA$A & ! ,NATURE ( ,RELIGI\S ,T]RORISM10 ,T]RORISM & ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE1 #a#f1 #d 7#b#d73 #g#i#e-#h#a#d2 ,MI*EL ,BURLEI<1 ,E>?LY ,PASSIONS3 ,! ,CONFLICT BETWE5 ,RELIGION & ,POLITICS FROM ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION TO ! ,GREAT ,W> 7,LONDON3 ,H>P] ,COLL9S1 #b#e72 ,MI*AEL ,BURLEI<1 ,SACR$ ,CAUSES3 ,RELIGION & ,POLITICS FROM ! ,EUROPEAN ,DICTATORS TO ,AL ,QA$A 7,LONDON3 ,H>P] ,COLL9S1 #b#f74 .<#e.> ,NOAM ,*OMSKY1 ,AM]ICAN ,P[] & ! ,NEW ,M&>9S 7,LONDON3 ,*ATTO & ,W9DUS1 #a#i#f#i74 .<#e#a.> ,S4 ,L4 ,COHN ,JR41 ,LU/ = ,LIB]TY3 ,! ,POLITICS ( ,SOCIAL ,REVOLT 9 ,M$IEVAL ,EUROPE1 #a#b-#a#d#b#e 7,CAMBRIDGE1 ,M,A3 ,H>V>D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#f74 .<#e#b.> ,S4 ,CL>K1 0,AN>*ISM & ! ,MY? ( ! ,PRIMITIVE3 ,GODW9 & ,KROPOTK910 ,/UDIES 9 ,SOCIAL & ,POLITICAL ,?\ ,]IC ,HOBSBAWM1 0,! ,=TUNES ( ,M>X'S & ,5GEL'S ,WRIT+S10 9 ,HI/ORY ( ,M>XISM1 VOI4 #a1 ,M>XISM 9 ,M>X'S ,DAY1 $4 ,]IC ,HOBSBAWM 7,BLOOM+TON3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,9DIANA1 #a#i#h#b72 ,FRANCO ,&REUCCI1 0,! ,DIFFUSION ( ,M>XISM 9 ,ITALY DUR+ ! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY10 9 ,CULTURE1 ,ID5TITY & ,POLITICS3 ,ESSAYS = ,]IC ,HOBSBAWM1 $S4 ,RAPHAEL ,SAMUEL & ,G>E? ,/$MAN- ,JONES 7,LONDON3 ,R,K,P1 #a#i#h#c72 ,FRANCO ,&REUCCI1 ,IL M>XISMO COLLETTIVO3 ,SOCIALISMO1 M>XISMO E CIRCOLAZIONE DELLE IDEE DALLA SECONDA ALLA T]ZA 9TEMAZIONALE 7,MILAN1 ,I,T3 ,FRANCO ,ANGELI1 #a#i#h#f72 ,C>L ,LEVY1 0,9TRODUCTION3 ,HI/ORICAL & ,!ORETICAL ,ISSUES10 9 ,SOCIALISM & ! ,9TELLIG5TSIA #a#h#g-#a#i#a#d1 $4 ,C>L ,LEVY 7,LONDON3 ,R,K,P1 #a#i#h#g71 #h-#a4 .<#e#d.> ,DAVID ,/AF=D1 ,FROM ,AN>*ISM TO ,RE=MISM3 ,A ,/UDY 9 ! ,POLITICAL ,ACTIVITIES ( ,PAUL ,BR\SSE #a#h#g-#a#h#i 7,LONDON3 ,WEID5FELD & ,NICOLSON1 #a#i#g#a72 ,C>OL9E ,CAHM1 ,KROPOTK9 & ! ,RISE ( ,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*ISM1 #a#h#g#b-#a#h#h#f 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#i72 ,GEORGE ,ES5WE91 ,AN>*I/ ,IDEOLOGY & ! ,WORK+-,CLASS ,MOVEM5T 9 ,SPA91 #a#h#f#h-#a#h#i#h 7,B]KELEY3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#i72 ,K4 ,S4 ,V9C5T1 ,BETWE5 ,M>XISM & ,AN>*ISM3 ,B5OIT ,MALON & ,FR5* ,RE=MI/ ,SOCIALISM 7,B]KELEY3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#b72 ,NUNIO ,P]NICONE1 ,ITALIAN ,AN>*ISM1 #a#h#f#d-#a#h#i#b 7,PR9CETON1 ,N,J3 ,PR9CETON ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#c74 .<#e#e.> ,I DISCUSS 0VOLUNT>YISM0 9 0,MALATE/A 9 ,EXILE40 ,SEE ALSO ,JOHN ,QUAIL1 ,! ,SL[ ,BURN+ ,FUZE3 ,! ,LO/ ,WORLD ( ,BRITI% ,AN>*ISM 7,LONDON3 ,PALAD91 #a#i#g#h72 ,M4 ,BEVIR1 0 ,! ,RISE ( ,E?ICAL ,AN>*ISM 9 ,BRITA91 #a#h#h#e-#a#i10 ,HI/ORICAL ,RESE>*3 ,BULLET9 ( ! ,9/ITUTE ( ,HI/ORICAL ,RESE>* #f#i1#a#f#i 7#a#i#i#f73 #a#d#c-#f#e2 ,RU? ,K9NA1 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS & ! ,>T ( ,SOCIALISM 7,C>DIFF1 ,U,K3 ,C>DIFF ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b72 ,M4 ,?OMAS1 ,AN>*I/ ,IDEAS & ,C\NT]-,CULTURES 9 ,BRITA91 #a#h#h-#a#i#a#d3 ,REVOLUTIONS 9 ,EV]YDAY ,LIFE 7,ALD]%OT1 ,U,K3 ,A%GATE1 #b#e72 ,RU? ,K9NA1 0,WILLIAM ,MORRIS & ! ,PROBLEM ( ,5GLI%NESS10 ,EUROPEAN ,J\RNAL ( ,POLITICAL ,?\EFUL ANALYSIS ( ,BRITI% PUBLIC OP9ION & AN>*ISM1 SEE ,H4 ,%PAY]-,MAKOV1 0,AN>*ISM 9 ,BRITI% ,PUBLIC ,OP9ION #a#h#h-#a#i#a#d10 ,VICTORIAN ,/UDIES #c#a1#d 7#a#i#h#h73 #d#h#g-#e#a#f4 .<#e#f.> ,J4 ,J4 ,M>T91 ,M5 ,AGA9/ ! ,/ATE 7,DE,KALB1 ,I,L3 ,ADRIAN ,ALL5 ,ASSOCIAT$1 #a#i#e#c72 ,E4 ,M4 ,S*U/]1 ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN ,AN>*ISM3 ,A ,/UDY (,LEFT- ,W+ ,AM]ICAN ,9DIVIDUALISM 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,DA ,CAPO1 #a#i#g72 ,PAUL ,AVRI*1 ,AN ,AM]ICAN ,AN>*I/3 ,! ,LIFE (,VOLT>9E DE ,CLEYRE 7,PR9CETON1 ,N,J3 ,PR9CETON ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h72 ,F4 ,BROOKS1 0,AM]ICAN ,9DIVIDUALI/ ,AN>*ISM3 ,:AT ,IT ,WAS & ,:Y ,IT ,FAIL$10 ,J\RNAL ( ,POLITICAL ,IDEOLOGIES #a1#a 7#a#i#i#f73 #i#e-#g#e .<#e#g.> ,9 G5]AL SEE1 ,GEMIE1 0,C\NT]-COMMUNITY02 & ,S4 ,GEMIE1 0,HI/ORIANS1 ,AN>*ISM & ,POLITICAL ,CULTURE10 ,AN>*I/ ,/UDIES #f1#a 7#a#i#i#h73 #a#e#c-#e#i4 ,A GOOD EXAMPLE ( ! AN>*I/S' C\NT]COMMUNITY REMA9S ,PAUL ,AVRI*'S /UDY ( ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL1 ,! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL ,MOVEM5T3 ,AN>*ISM & ,$UCATION 9 ! ,U,S 7,PR9CETON1 ,N,J3 ,PR9CETON ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h74 ,ALSO SEE ! REC5T /UDY ( ! EFFECTS ( ,F]R]S TEA*+S ON A BROAD] B& ( MILITANT FREE?9K]S & SOCIALI/S BE=E #a#i#a#d2 ,D4 ,LAQUA1 '0,LAIQUE1 DEMOCRATIQUE ET SOCIALE8' ,SOCIALISM & ,FREE?9K]S' ,9T]NATIONAL10 ,LABOR ,HI/ORY ,REVIEW #g#d1#c 7#b#i73 #b#e#c-#g#c4 ,REC5T EXAMPLES ( SEXUAL POLITICS >E ,%EILA ,R[BO?AM'S MAGI/]IAL BIOGRAPHY1 ,$W>D ,C>P5T]3 ,A ,LIFE ( ,LIB]TY & ,LOVE 7,LONDON3 ,V]SO1 #b#h72 & ,G+] ,FRO/'S '0,LOVE IS ,ALWAYS ,FREE'3 ,AN>*ISM1 ,FREE ,UNIONS & ,UTOPIANISM 9 ,$W>DIAN ,5GL&10 ,AN>*I/ ,/UDIES #a#g1#a 7#b#i73 #g#c-#i#d4 ,ON >T1 LIT]ATURE1 AN>*ISM1 & ,BOHEMIA1 SEE ,E4 ,W4 ,H]B]T1 ,! ,>TI/ & ,SOCIAL ,RE=M3 ,FRANCE & ,BELGIUM1 #a#h#h#e-#a#i 7,NEW ,HAV51 ,C,T3 ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#a72 ,REG ,C>R1 ,AN>*ISM 9 ,FRANCE3 ,! ,CASE ( ,OCTAVE ,MIRBEAU 7,MAN*E/]1 ,U,K3 ,MAN*E/] ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#g72 ,J4 ,RUB91 ,REALISM & ,SOCIAL ,VISION 9 ,C\RBET & ,PR\DHON 7,PR9CETON4 ,N,J3 ,PR9CETON ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h72 ,C4 ,TSUZUKI1 ,$W>D ,C>P5T] #a#h#d#d-#a#i#b#i3 ,PROPHET ( ,HUMAN ,FELL[%IP 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h72 ,J4 ,U4 ,HALP]91 ,FELIX ,F5EON3 ,ES!TE & ,AN>*I/ 9 ,F9-DE-,SIECLE ,FRANCE 7,NEW ,HAV51 ,C,T3 ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#i72 ,PATRICIA ,LEI*ISM 7,PR9CETON1 ,N,J3 ,PR9CETON ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#i72 ,RI*>D ,SONN1 ,AN>*ISM & ,CULTURAL ,POLITICS 9 ,F9-DE-,SIECLE ,FRANCE 7,L9COLN3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,NEBRASKA ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#i72 ,J4 ,G4 ,HUTTON1 ,NEO-,IMPRESSIONISM & ! ,SE>* = ,SOLID ,GR\ND3 ,>T1 ,SCI5CE & ,AN>*ISM 9 ,F9-DE-,SIECLE ,FRANCE 7,BATON ,R\GE3 ,L,S,U ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#d72 ,G4 ,B]*I/ ,REBELLION & ,FASCI/ ,REACTION 7,PROVID5CE1 ,R,I3 ,B]IAS1 ,P>IS & ! ,AN>*I/S3 ,ES!TES & ,SUBV]SIVES DUR+ ! ,F9-DE-,SIECLE 7,BAS+/OKE1 ,U,K3 ,MACMILLIAN1 #a#i#i#g72 ,D4 ,WEIR1 ,AN>*Y & ,CULTURE3 ,! ,ES!TIC ,POLITICS ( ,MOD]NISM 7,AMH]/3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,MASSA*USETTS ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#g72 ,:IM/]1 ,MAX ,WEB] & ! ,CULTURE ( ,AN>*Y2 ,S4 ,GEMIE1 0,OCTAVE ,MIRBEAU & ! ,*ANG+ ,NATURE ( ,RI ,WILDE & ,FELIX ,F5EON & ! ,>T ( ,AN>*Y ( ! ,F9-DE-,SIECLE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,BASIC ,BOOKS1 #a#i#i#i72 ,D4 ,KADL]1 ,MOSAIC ,MOD]NISM3 ,AN>*ISM1 ,PRAGMATISM1 ,CULTURE 7,BALTIMORE3 ,JOHNS ,HOPK9S ,PRESS1 #b72 ,K9NA1 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS2 ,A4 ,ANTLIFF1 ,AN>*I/ ,MOD]NISM34 ,>T1 ,POLITICS & ! ,FIR/ ,AM]ICAN ,AVANT ,G>DE 7,*ICAGO3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,*ICAGO ,PRESS1 #b#a72 ,?OMAS1 ,AN>*I/ ,IDEAS & ,C\NT]-,CULTURES 9 ,BRITA92 ,DAVID ,GOODWAY1 ,AN>*I/ ,SE$S ,B5EA? ! ,SN[3 ,LEFT-,LIB]T>IAN ,?\D 7,LIV]POOL1 ,U,K3 ,LIV]POOL ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#f74 .<#e#h.> ,IRV+ ,HOR[ITZ1 ,! ,AN>*I/S 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,DELL ,PUBLI%+1 #a#i#f#d71 #c-#e#e2 ,K9NA1 ,AN>*ISM3 ,A ,BEG9N]S ,GUIDE1 #b4 .<#e#i.> ,B4 ,FRANKS1 0,! ,BEG9N+S & ,5DS ( ! ,S*ISM447UNPUBLI%$ PAP]7 #f-#h2 ,MI*AEL ,FRE$51 ,IDEOLOGIES & ,POLITICAL ,!ORY3 ,A ,CONCEPTUAL ,APPROA* 7,OX=D3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#f72 & ,MI*AEL ,FRE$51 ,IDEOLOGY3 ,A ,V]Y ,%ORT ,9TRODUCTION 7,OX=D3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#c74 .<#f.> ,LEVY1 ,GRAMSCI & ! ,AN>*I/S1 #d-#d#a4 .<#f#a.> ,S*MIDT & VAN D] ,WALT1 ,BLACK ,FLAME1 #a#h-#a#i4 .<#f#b.> ,= REC5T EXAMPLES SEE ,GOY5S1 ,BE] & ,REVOLUTION2 ,P4 ,DI ,PAOLA1 0,CLUB AN>*ICI DI ,LONDRA3 ,SOCIABILITA1 POLITICA1 CULTURA10 ,SOCIETA E /ORIA #c#h1#b 7#b#e73 #c#e#c-#g#b2 ,*RIS ,EALHAM'S /UDY ( ! /REETS1 NEI*I/ HE>TL&S ( ,B>CELONA1 ,CLASS ,CULTURE & ,CONFLICT 9 ,B>CELONA #a#h#i#h-#a#i#c#g 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE1 #b#e72 & ,ROMAN ,DUC\LOMBI]1 ,LES ,AN>*I/ES CONTRE LA ,REPUBLIQUE4 ,CONTRIBUTION A ,VHI/OIRE DES RESEAUX S\S LA ,TROISIEME ,REPUBLIQUE 7#a#h#h-#a#i#a#d7 7,R5NES3 ,PRESSES UNIV]SITAIRES DE ,R5NES1 #b#h74 .<#f#c.> ,= SOME EXAMPLES1 SEE ,LEVY1 ,GRAMSCI & ! ,AN>*I/S2 ,J]OME ,M9TZ1 ,! ,AN>*I/S ( ,CASAS ,VIEJAS1 #bND $4 7,BLOOM+TON3 ,9DIANA ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#d72 ,N4 ,RID]1 0,! ,PRACTICE ( ,DIRECT ,ACTION3 ! ,B>CELONA ,R5T ,/RIKE ( #a#i#c#a0 9 ,= ,AN>*ISM3 ,HI/ORY1 ,!ORY1 ,PRACTICE1 $4 ,DAVID ,GOODWAY 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE1 #a#i#h#i71 #g#i-#a#h2 ,A4 ,SMI?1 $41 ,R$ ,B>CELONA3 ,SOCIAL ,PROTE/ & ,LABOR ,MOBILIZATION 9 ! ,TW5TIE? ,C5TURY 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE1 #b#b72 ,*RIS ,EALHAM1 0,AN ,IMAG9$ ,GEOGRAPHY3 ,IDEOLOGY1 ,URBAN ,SPACE & ,PROTE/ 9 ! ,C5T] ( ,B>CELONA'S ',*9AT[N1' #a#h#c#e-#a#i#c#f01 ,9T]NATIONAL ,REVIEW ( ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY #e1 #c 7#b#e73 #c#g#c#i#g-O .<#f#d.> ,DAVIDE ,TURCATO1 0,ITALIAN ,AN>*ISM AS A ,TRANSNATIONAL ,MOVEM5T10 ,9T]NATIONAL ,REVIEW ( ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY #e#b1 #c 7#b#g73 #d#g-#d#d2 & ,C4 ,BANTMAN1 0,9T]NATIONALISM )\T AN ,9T]NATIONAL810 ,REVUE ,BELGE DE ,PHILOLOGIE E D',HI/OIRE #h#d1#d 7#b#f73 #i#f#a-#h#c4 .<#f#e.> ,C>L ,LEVY1 0,ITALIAN ,AN>*ISM1 #a#h#g-#a#i#b#f10 9 ,= ,AN>*ISM3 ,HI/ORY1 #d#d-#d#e4 .<#f#f.> ,= ! LEGACY ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 SEE ,EVA ,CIVOLANI1 @5AN>*ISMO DOPO LA ,COMUNE1 ,I CASI ITALIANO E SPAGNOLO 7,MILAN1 ,I,T3 ,FRANCO ,ANGELI1 #a#i#h#a72 ,MAURIZIO ,ANTONIOLI1 0,BAKUN9 TRA S9DACALISMO RIVOLUZION>IO E AN>*ISMO10 9 ,AZIONE DIRETTA E ORGANIZZAZIONE OP]AIA4 ,S9DACALISMO RIVOLUZION>IO E AN>*ISMO TRA LA F9E DEL,V,OTTOC5TO E ILFASCISMO 7,M&URIA1 #a#d#i4#c#a4#b#a4#h#h ON ,MON1 #ad ,SF ON ,?U1 #a ,JAN #aigf #a#b3#c#d3#e#f ,U,T,C ,I,T3 ,PI]O ,LACAITA ,$ITORE1 #a#i#i72 ,J4 ,J5N+S1 0,SYNDICALISM & ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION10 ,J\RNAL ( ,CONTEMPOR>Y ,HI/ORY #bi 7#a#i#i#d73 #c#d#i-#f#g4 ,= ! LEGACY ( ,HAYM>KET1 ,MAY ,DAY1 & AN>*ISM1 SEE ,PAUL ,AVRI*1 ,! ,HAYM>KET ,TRAG$Y 7,PR9CETON1 ,N,J3 ,PR9CETON ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#d72 ,MAURIZIO ,ANTONIOLI1 ,VI5I ,MAGGIO3 ,ASPETTI DEL ,PRIMO ,MAGGIO 9 ,ITALIA TRA ,OTTOC5TO E ,NOVEV5TO 7,MILAN1 ,I,T3 ,FRANCO ,ANGELI1 #a#i#h#h72 ,B4 ,NELSON1 ,BEYOND ! ,M>TYRS3 ,A ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY ( ,*ICAGOS ,AN>*I/S #a#h#g-#a#i 7,NEW ,BRUNSWICK1 ,N,J3 ,RUTG]S ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#h74 .<#f#g.> ,LEVY1 0,9TRODUCTION3 ,HI/ORICAL & ,!ORETICAL ,ISSUES02 & ,S4 ,P9TA1 0,AN>*ISM1 ,M>XISM & ! ,IDEOLOGICAL ,COMPOSITION ( ! ,*ICAGO ,IDEA10 ,WORK+ ,U,S,A3 ,! ,J\RNAL ( ,LABOR & ,SOCIETY #a#b1 #d 7#b#i73 #d#c-#b4 ,ONE C\LD ALSO ADD ! SWIRL+ DEBATES )9 ! ,BRITI% LABOR MOVEM5T1 :I* TOOK PLACE FROM ! #a#h#hS 9TO ! E>LY #a#iS1 CONC]N+ ALT]NATIVES TO ! BUREAUCRATIC /ATE & P>LIAM5T>Y REPRES5TATION 7DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 ! REF]5DUM1 & =MS ( LOCALISM7 ?AT W]E ! H>B+] TO ! SYNDICALI/ REVOLT ( #a#i#a-#a#i#a#d & IMPACT$ ! DEVELOPM5T ( ,GUILD ,SOCIALISM4 ,ON ?IS1 SEE ,LOGIE ,B>R[ & ,IAN ,BULLOCK1 ,DEMOCRATIC ,IDEAS & ! ,BRITI% ,LABOR ,MOVEM5T #a#h#h-#a#i#a#d 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#f74 .<#f#h.> ,RI*>D ,BA* ,J5S51 0,DAGG]S1 ,RIFLES & ,DYNAMITE3 ,AN>*I/ ,T]RORISM 9 ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY ,EUROPE40 ,T]RORISM & ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE #a#f1#a 7#b#d73 #a#a#f-#e#c4 .<#f#i.> ,J4 ,CASANOVA1 0,T]ROR & ,VIOL5CE3 ,! ,D>K ,FACE ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM10 ,9T]NATIONAL ,LABOR & ,WORK+-,CLASS ,HI/ORY #fg 7#b#e73 #g#i-#i#i4 .<#g.> ,S*MIDT & VAN D] ,WALT1 ,BLACK ,FLAME1 #b4 .<#g#a.> ,RU? ,K9NA1 $41 ,E>LY ,WRIT+S ON ,T]RORISM1 VOLS4 #a-#c 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE1 #b#f74 .<#g#b.> ,M>T9 ,A4 ,MILL]1 0,ORD9>Y ,T]RORISM 9 ,HI/ORICAL ,P]SPECTIVE10 ,J\RNAL = ! ,/UDY ( ,RADICALISM #b1#a 7#b#h73 #a#b#e-#e#d2 & ,J5S51 0,DAGG]S1 ,RIFLES & ,DYNAMITE3 ,AN>*I/ ,T]RORISM 9 ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY ,EUROPE40 .<#g#c.> ,S4 ,G4 ,M>KS1 ,H[ ,RUSSIA ,%AP$ ! ,MOD]N ,WORLD FROM ,>T TO ,ANTI-,SEMITISM1 ,BALLET TO ,BOL%EVISM 7,PR9CETON1 ,N,J3 ,PR9CETON ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#c71 #g-#c#g4 .<#g#d.> ,M>IE ,FLEM+1 0,PROPAG&A BY ! ,DE$3 ,T]RORISM & ,AN>*I/ ,!ORY 9 ,LATE ,N9ETE5?-,C5TURY ,EUROPE10 ,T]RORISM3 ,AN ,9T]NATIONAL ,J\RNAL #d1#d 7#a#i#h73 #a-#b#c2 ,U4 ,L9SE1 '0,PROPAG&A ( ! ,DE$' & ',DIRECT ,ACTION 3 ,TWO ,CONCEPTS ( ,AN>*I/ ,VIOL5CE10 9 ,SOCIAL ,PROTE/1 ,VIOL5CE & ,T]ROR 9 ,N9ETE5?-,C5TURY ,EUROPE1 $S4 ,W4 ,J4 ,MOMMS5 & ,G4 ,HIRS*FIELD 7,LONDON3 ,MACMILLAN1 #a#i#h#b72 ,C4 ,HAWK9S1 0,ASSASS9ATION1 ,SELF-,EXPRESSION & ,SOCIAL ,*ANGE3 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN & ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE10 ,AN>*I/ ,/UDIES #g1#c 7#a#i#i#i73 #c#b#d-2 ,N4 ,:ELEHAN1 0,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE & ,MORALITY 9 ,AN>*I/ ,!ORY & ,PRACTICE3 ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI & ,PET] 9 ,COMP>ATIVE ,P]SPECTIVE10 ,AN>*I/ ,/UDIES #a#c1#b 7#b#e73 #a#d#g-#f#h2 ,C4 ,LEVY1 0,! ,AN>*I/ ,ASSASS9 9 ,ITALIAN ,HI/ORY02 ,C4 ,WELLBROOK1 0,SEE?+ ) ! ,IDEAL3 ,GALLEANI/I & ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE 9 ,LATE ,N9ETE5?-,C5TURY & ,E>LY ,TW5TIE?-,C5TURY ,U,S,A10 ,WORK+ ,U,S,A3 ,! ,J\RNAL ( ,LABOR & ,SOCIETY #a#b1#d 7#b#i73 #d#c-#b4 .<#g#e.> ,L4 ,CLUTT]BACK1 0,! ,PROG5ITORS ( ,T]RORISM3 ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION>IES OR ,EXTREME ,IRI% ,REPUBLICANS810 ,T]RORISM & ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE1 #af 7#b#d73 #a#e#d-#h#a2 ,N4 ,:ELEHAN1 '0,SKIRMI%+1' ! ,IRI% ,WORLD & ,EMPIRE10 ,EIRE-,IREL& #d#b1#a#b 7#b#g73 #a#h-#b2 ,M4 ,?ORUP1 0,! ,AN>*I/ & ! ,P>TISAN--,TWO ,TYPES ( ,T]ROR 9 ! ,HI/ORY ( ,IRREGUL> ,W>F>E10 ,T]RORISM & ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE1 #b 7#b#h73 #c#c#c-#c#e#e4 ,M4 ,SILVE/RI1 0,! ,BOMB1 ,BHADRALOK1 ,BHAGAVAD ,GITA1 & ,DAN ,BREEM3 ,T]RORISM 9 ,B5GAL & ,ITS ,RELATIONS TO ! ,EUROPEAN ,EXP]I5CE10 ,T]RORISM & ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE1 #ba 7#b#i73 #a-#b#g4 ,= ! DEBATE OV] COMP>ISONS BETWE5 ,AL-,QA$A & CLASSICAL AN>*ISM1 SEE ?IS DEBATE1 ,JAMES ,L4 ,GELV91 0,AL-,QA$A & ,AN>*ISM3 ,A ,HI/ORIAN'S ,REPLY TO ,T]ROROLOGY10 ,T]RORISM & ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE1 #b 7#b#h73 #e#f#c-#e#h#a2 ,L4 ,B9D]1 0,COMM5T ON ,GELV9'S ,ESSAY ON ,AL-,QA$A & ,AN>*ISM10 ,T]RORISM & ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE1 #b 7#b#h73 #e#h#b-#e#h#h2 ,R4,B4 ,J5S51 0,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY ,AN>*I/ ,T]RORISM3 ,H[ ,COMP>ABLE TO ! ,T]RORISM ( AL-,QA$A810 ,T]RORISM & ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE1 #b 7#b#h73 #e#h#i-#e#i#f2 ,G4 ,ES5WE91 0,COMM5TS ON ,JAMES ,L4 ,GELV9'S ,AL-,QA$A & & ,AN>*ISM3 ,A ,HI/ORIAN'S ,REPLY TO ,T]ROROLOGY8 ,T]RORISM & ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE1 #b 7#b#h73 #e#i#g-#f2 ,J4 ,L4 ,GELV91 0,AL-,QA$A & ,AN>*ISM3 ,A ,HI/ORIAN'S ,REPLY TO ,T]ROROLOGY3 ,RESPONSES TO ,COMM5T>IES10 ,T]RORISM & ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE1 #b 7#b#h73 #f#f-#f#a#a4 .<#g#f.> ,D4 ,C4 ,RAPOPORT1 0,!N & ,N[3 ,! ,SIGNIFICANCE OR ,9SIGNIFICANCE ( ,HI/ORICAL ,P>ALLELS01 PAP] GIV5 AT 0,:AT ,CAN & ,CANNOT ,BE ,LE>N$ ,FROM ! ,HI/ORY AB\T ,T]RORISM3 ,A ,DIALOGUE BETWE5 ,HI/ORIANS & ,SOCIAL ,SCI5TI/S10 ! ,HUMAN ,FACTORS ,DIVISION1 ,SCI5CE & ,TE*NOLOGY ,DIRECTORATE1 ,DEP>TM5T ( ,HOMEL& ,SECURITY1 ,>L+TON1 ,VIRG9IA1 ,JUNE #a#e-#a#f1#b#g4 .<#g#g.> ,MI*AEL ,COLLY]1 0,SECRET ,AG5TS3 ,AN>*I/S1 ,ISLAMI/S & ,RESPONSES TO ,POLITICALLY ,ACTIVE ,REFUGEES 9 ,LONDON10 ,E?NIC & ,RACIAL ,/UDIES #b#h1 #b 7#b#e73 #b#g#h-#c#c2 ,P4 ,DI ,PAOLA1 0,! ,SPIES ,:O ,CAME 9 FROM ! ,HEAT3 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SURVEILLANCE ( ,AN>*I/S 9 ,LONDON10 ,EUROPEAN ,HI/ORY ,QU>T]LY #c#g1#b 7#b#g73 #h#i-#b#a#e2 ,BEV]LEY ,GAGE1 ,! ,DAY ,WALL ,/REET ,EXPLOD$3 ,A ,/ORY ( ,AM]ICA 9 ,ITS ,FIR/ ,AGE ( ,T]ROR 7,OX=D3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#i74 ,! CLASSIC /ATEM5T ON WAVES ( T]RORISM IS BY ,DAVID ,RAPOPORT1 0,! ,F\R ,WAVES ( ,MOD]N ,T]RORISM10 9 ,ATTACK+ ,T]RORISM3 ,ELEM5TS ( A ,GR& ,/RATEGY1 $4 ,AUDREY ,KUR? ,CRON9 & ,JAMES ,M4 ,LUDES 7,WA%+TON ,D4,C43 ,GEORGET[N ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#d74 ,SOME CRITICISMS CAN BE F\ND 9 ,M4 ,S$WICK1 0,9SPIRATION & ! ,ORG9S ( ,GLOBAL ,WAVES ( ,T]RORISM10 ,/UDIES 9 ,CONFLICT @& ,T]RORISM #c 7#b#g71 #i#g-#a#a#b4 ,& SEE :Y T]RORISM 5DS 9 ,E4 ,AYND9LI1 0,BE=E ,JIHADI/S ,!RE ,W]E ,AN>*I/S3 ,A ,FAIL$ ,CASE ( ,TRANSNATIONAL ,VIOL5CE10 ,/UDIES 9 ,CONFLICT @& ,T]RORISM1 #ca 7#b#h73 #i#c-#i#b#c & ,R4 ,B4 ,J5S51 0,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ,AN>*I/ ,T]RORISM1 #a#h#h-#a#i#c,S10 ,T]RORISM & ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE1 #b#a1#a7#b#i73 #h#i-#a#i4 .<#g#h.> ,MIKE ,DAVIS1 ,BUDA'S ,WAGON3 ,A ,BRIEF ,HI/ORY ( ! ,C> ,BOMB 7,LONDON3 ,V]SO1 #b#g71 #a-#d4 .<#g#i.> ,J5S51 0,DAGG]S1 ,RIFLES & ,DYNAMITE40 .<#h.> ,= A REC5T RECREATION ( ! ,P>ISIAN MILIEU 9 ! #a#h#iS1 SEE ,JOHN ,M]RIMANS ,! ,DYNAMITE ,CLUB 7,LONDON3 ,J,R ,BOOKS1 #b#i74 .<#h#a.> ,ALEX ,BUTT]WOR?1 ,! ,WORLD ?AT ,NEV] ,WAS3 ,A ,TRUE ,/ORY ( ,DREAM]S1 ,S*EM]S1 ,AN>*I/S & ,SECRET ,AG5TS 7,LONDON3 ,BODLEY1 #b#a74 .<#h#b.> ,I DISCUSS ! G5]ATIONAL GAP 9 ,GRAMSCI & ! ,AN>*I/S2 ALSO SEE ,W4 ,?ORPE1 0,SYNDICALI/ ,9T]NATIONALISM BE=E ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I10 9 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SYNDICALISM3 ,AN ,9T]NATIONAL ,P]SPECTIVE 7,ALD]%OT1 ,U,K3 ,A%GATE1 #a#i#i71 #b#c#g-#f2 ,RALPH ,D>L+TON1 ,SYNDICALISM & ! ,TRANSITION TO ,COMMUNISM3 ,AN ,9T]NATIONAL ,COMP>ATIVE ,ANALYSIS 7,ALD]%OT1 ,U,K3 ,A%GATE1 #b#h72 ,R4 ,TOS/ORFF1 0,! ,SYNDICALI/ ,5C\NT] ) ,BOL%EVISM10 ,AN>*I/ ,/UDIES #a#g1 #b 7#b#i73 #a#b-#b#h4 .<#h#c.> ,= ! UNUSUAL HI/ORY ( ,COMMUNISM & DISSID5T COMMUNI/S 9 ,SPA9 & ESPECIALLY ,CATALONIA 9 ! #a#i#bS & #a#i#cS1 SEE ,G4 ,MEAK]1 ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,LEFT 9 ,SPA91 #a#i#a#d-#a#i#b#c 7,PALO ,ALTO1 ,C,A3 ,/AN=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#d72 ,B4 ,BOLLOT51 ,! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>3 ,REVOLUTION & ,C\NT]REVOLUTION 7,*APEL ,HILL3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,NOR? ,C>OL9A ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#a72 ,R4 ,J4 ,ALEX&]1 ,! ,AN>*I/S & ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>1 VOLS4 #a & #b 7,LONDON3 ,JANUS1 #a#i#i#i74 .<#h#d.> ,ANGEL ,SMI?1 ,AN>*ISM1 ,REVOLUTION & ,REACTION3 ,CATALAN ,LABOR & ! ,CRISIS ( ! ,SPANI% ,/ATE1 #a#h#i#h-#a#i#b#c 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,B] ,A GOOD EXAMPLE IS ,>M&O ,BOR*I/S AUTOBIOGRAPHY1 ,MEZZO SECOLO DI ,AN>*IA 7#a#h#i#h-#a#i#d#e7 7,NAPLES3 ,$IZIONI ,SCI5TIFI*E ,ITALIANE1 #a#i#e#d74 ,ALSO CONSULT ! CORRESPOND5CE ( ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN & ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,NO:]E AT ,HOME3 ,LETT]S FROM ,EXILE _/ ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN & ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN1 $S4 ,RI*>D & ,ANNA ,DR9AN 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,S*OCK51 #a#i#g#e74 .<#h#f.> ,SEE REF]5CES 9 NOTE #hb & ,A4 ,L9DEMANN1 0#S03 ,EUROPEAN ,SOCIALISM V]SUS ,BOL%EVISM1 #a#i#a#i-#a#i#b 7,B]KELEY3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#d72 ,W4 ,?ORPE1 0,! ,WORK]S ,!MSELVES03 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SYNDICALISM & ,9DU/RIAL ,LABOR1 #a#i#a#b-#a#i#b#c 7,DORDRE*T1 ,N,L3 ,KLUW] ,ACADEMIC ,AM/]DAM1 ,9T]NATIONAL ,9/ITUTE ( ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY1 #a#i#h#i71 *S4 #c-#f2 ,W4 ,?ORPE1 0,! ,EUROPEAN ,SYNDICALI/S & ,W> #a#i#a#d-#a#i#a#h10 ,CONTEMPOR>Y ,EUROPEAN ,HI/ORY #a1#d 7#b#a73 #a-#b#d2 ,W4 ,?ORPE1 0,EL ,F]ROL1 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO1 ,ZIMM]WALD & ,BEYOND3 ,SYNDICALI/ ,9T]NATIONALISM1 #a#i#a#d-#a#i#a#h10 ,REVUE ,BELGE DE ,PHILOGIE E ,D,HI/OIRE #h#d1#d 7#b#f73 #a#e-#b#d2 ,R4 ,D>L+TON1 0,REVOLUTION>Y ,SYNDICALI/ ,OPPOSITION TO ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>3 ,A ,COMP>ATIVE ,REASSESSM5T10 ,REVUE ,BELGE DI ,PHILOGIE E ,D,HI/OIRE #h#d1#d 7#b#f73 #i#h#c-#a#d4 .<#h#g.> ,SEE = EXAMPLE1 ,D4 ,B]RY1 0,FASCISM OR ,REVOLUTION3 ,AN>*ISM & ,ANTIFASCISM 9 ,FRANCE1 #a#i#c#c-#a#i#c#i@>0 ,CONTEMPOR>Y ,EUROPEAN ,HI/ORY #h1#a 7#a#i#i#i73 #e#a#g#a-4 ,& ALSO SEE ! REC5T /UDY ( EVOLUTION T[>D A PREMATURE ,COLD ,W> POSITION3 ,K4 ,ZIMM]1 0,PREMATURE ,ANTI,COMMUNI/S83 ,AM]ICAN ,AN>*ISM1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 & ,LEFT-,W+ ,LIB]T>IAN ,ANTI-,COMMUNISM1 #a#i#a#g-#a#i#c#i10 ,LABOR3 ,/UDIES 9 ,WORK+-,CLASS ,HI/ORY ( ! ,AM]ICAS4#g#a-#d#e 37#b#i7 #b 1#f .<#h#h.> ,LEVY1 0,MALATE/A 9 ,EXILE02 ,H4 ,OLIV]1 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,AN>*I/ ,MOVEM5T 9 ,LATE ,VICTORIAN ,LONDON 7,LONDON3 ,CROOM ,HELM1 #a#i#h#c72 ,LEVY1 0,MALATE/A 9 ,LONDON02 ,G4 ,B]TI1 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A E IL MOVIM5TO AN>*ICO ITALIANO E 9T]NAZIONALE 7,MILAN1 ,I,T3 ,FRANCO ,ANGELI1 #b#c72 ,BANTMAN1 0,9T]NATIONALISM )\T AN ,9T]NATIONAL802 ,C4 ,BANTMAN1 0,! ,MILITANT ,GO-,BETWE53 ,EMILE ,P\GET'S ,TRANSNATIONAL ,PROPAG&A 7#a#h#h-#a#i#a#d710 ,LABOR ,HI/ORY ,REVIEW #g#d1#c 7#b#i73 #b#g#d-#h#g2 ,DAVIDE ,TURCATO1 0,EUROPEAN ,AN>*ISM 9 ! #a#h#iS3 ,:Y ,LABOR ,MATT]S 9 ,CATEGORIZ+ ,AN>*ISM10 ,WORK+ ,U,S,A3 ,! ,J\RNAL ( ,LABOR & ,SOCIETY #ab 7#b#i73 #d#e#a-#f#f4 .<#h#i.> ,B4 ,HOLTON1 ,BRITI% ,SYNDICALISM 7,LONDON3 ,PLUTO1 #a#i#g#f72 ,F4 ,BOLL1 0,9T]NATIONAL ,/RIKE ,WAVES3 ,A ,CRITICAL ,ASSESSM5T10 9 ,! ,DEVELOPM5T ( ,TRADE ,UNIONISM 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA9 & ,G]MANY1 $S4 ,W4 ,J4 ,MOMMS5 & ,H-,G ,HUSUNG 7,LONDON3 ,ALL5 @& ,UNW91 #a#i#h#e72 ,M4 ,DUB(SKY1 ,WE ,%ALL ,BE ,ALL3 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD 7,URBANA3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,ILL9OIS ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#h1#bND $472 ,?ORPE1 0#5DON ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#a72 ,J4 ,C4 ,:ITE1 ,TOM ,MANN 7,MAN*E/]1 ,U,K3 ,MAN*E/] ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#a72 ,V4 ,BURGMANN1 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9DU/RIAL ,UNIONISM3 ,! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD 9 ,AU/RALIA 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#e72 ,M4 ,MANN1 0,S\RCES ( ,V>IATION 9 ,WORK+-,CLASS ,MOVEM5TS 9 ! ,TW5TIE? ,C5TURY' ,NEW ,LEFT ,REVIEW #bab 7#a#i#i#e73 #a#d-#e#d2 ,M4 VAN D] ,L9D51 0,SECOND ,?\Y ,SYNDICALISM10 ,LABOR ,HI/ORY ,REVIEW #f#c1 #b 7#a#i#i#h73 #a#h#b-#i#f2 ,D4 ,GABACCIA1 0,WORK] ,9T]NATIONALISM & ,ITALIAN ,LABOR ,HI/ORY1 #a#h#g-#a#i#a#d10 ,9T]NATIONAL ,LABOR & ,WORK+ ,CLASS ,HI/ORY #d#e1#a 7#a#i#i#i73 #f#c-#g#i2 ,D4 ,H[ELL1 0,TAK+ ,SYNDICALISM ,S]I\SLY10 ,SOCIALI/ ,HI/ORY #af 7#a#i#i#i73 #b#g-#d#f2 ,L4 VAN D] ,WALT1 0,! ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION ,IS ! ,EMBRYO ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,COMMONWEAL?3 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE & ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SYNDICALISM 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA1 #a#i#a#e-#a#i#b10 ,COMP>ATIVE ,/UDIES ( ,S\? ,ASIA1 ,AFRICA & ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ #a#i1#a 7#a#i#i#i73 #a-#b#d2 ,D4 ,GABACCIA1 ,ITALY S ,MANY ,DIASPORAS 7,LONDON3 ,U,C,L ,PRESS1 #b72 ,D4 ,GABACCIA & ,F4 ,OTTANELLI1 $S41 ,ITALIAN ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD3 ,LABOR ,MIGRATION & ! ,=MATION ( ,MULTIE?NIC ,/ATES 7,URBANA3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,ILL9OIS ,PRESS1 #b#a72 ,N4 ,KIRK1 ,COMRADES & ,C\S9S3 ,GLOBALIZATION1 ,WORK]S & ,LABOR ,MOVEM5TS 9 ,BRITA91 ! ,U,S,A & ,AU/RALIA FROM ! #a#h#hS TO #aiad 7,LONDON3 ,M]L91 #b#c72 ,LEVY1 0,AN>*ISM1 ,NATIONALISM & ,9T]NATIONALISM02 ,J4 ,MOYA1 0,! ,POSITIVE ,SIDE ( A ,/]EOTYPE3 ,JEWI% ,AN>*I/S 9 ,E>LY,TW5TIE?-,C5TURY ,BU5OS ,AIRES10 ,JEWI% ,HI/ORY #a#h1#a 7#b#d73 #a#i-#d#h2 ,R ,%OR1 0,LEFT ,LABOR ,AGITATORS 9 ! ,PACIFIC ,RIM ( ! ,E>LY ,TW5TIE? ,C5TURY10 ,9T]NATIONAL ,LABOR & ,WORK+-,CLASS ,HI/ORY #fg 7#b#e73 #a#d#h-#f#c2 ,R4 ,D>L+TON1 0,SYNDICALISM & ! ,9FLU5CE ( ,AN>*ISM 9 ,FRANCE1 ,ITALY & ,SPA910 ,AN>*I/ ,/UDIES #a#g1 #b 7#b#i73 #b#i-#e#d2 ,S*MIDT & VAN D] ,WALT1 ,BLACK ,FLAME2 ,S4 ,HIRS* & ,L4 VAN D] ,WALT1 $S41 ,AN>*ISM & ,SYNDICALISM 9 ! ,COLONIAL & ,PO/-,COLONIAL ,WORLD1 #a#h#g-#a#i#a#d 7,AM/]DAM3 ,BRILL ,ACADEMIC ,PRESS1 #b#a74 .<#i.> ,MOYA1 0,! ,POSITIVE ,SIDE ( A ,/]EOTYPE02 ,J5S51 0,DAGG]S1 ,RIFLES & ,DYNAMITE02 ,B4 ,&]SON1 ,UND] ,?REE ,FLAGS3 ,AN>*ISM & ! ,ANTI-,COLONIAL ,IMAG9ATION 7,LONDON3 ,V]SO1 #b#e72 ,TURCATO1 0,ITALIAN ,AN>*ISM AS A ,TRANSNATIONAL ,MOVEM5T40 .<#i#a.> ,LEVY1 ,SOCIALISM & ! ,9TELLIG5TSIA4 .<#i#b.> ,SEE ! DISCUSSION BY ,S*MIDT & VAN D] ,WALT1 ,BLACK ,FLAME1 #b#g#a-#g#b4 .<#i#c.> ,AVRI*1 ,! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL ,MOVEM5T2 = AN OV]VIEW ( /UDIES ON ,FUTURISM1 SEE ,B]*ISM4 .<#i#d.> ,D4 ,PICK1 ,FACES ( ,DEG5]ATION3 ,A ,EUROPEAN ,DISORD] #a#h#d#h-#a#i#a#h 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#i71 *4 #e2 ,M4 ,ANTONIOLI1 ,PIETRO ,GORI ,CAVALI]E ]RANTE DE,UAN>*ISMO 7,PISA1 ,I,T3 ,B,F,S1 #a#i#i#e72 ,M4 ,GIBSON1 ,BORN TO ,CRIME3 ,CES>E ,LOMBROSO & ! ,ORIG9S ( ,BIOLOGICAL ,CRIM9OLOGY 7,WE/PORT1 ,C,T3 ,PRAEG]1 #b#b74 .<#i#e.> ,RI*>D ,BA* ,J5S51 0,CRIM9AL ,AN?ROPOLOGY & ,AN>*I/ ,T]RORISM 9 ,SPA9 & ,ITALY10 ,M$IT]RANEAN ,HI/ORY ,REVIEW #a#f1 #b 7#b#a73 #c#a-#d#d4 .<#i#f.> ,M4 ,L[Y1 ,R$EMPTION & ,UTOPIA3 ,JEWI% ,LIB]T>IAN ,?\*ISM4 .<#i#g.> ,A4 ,G\LDN]1 ,! ,FUTURE ( ! ,9TELLECTUALS & ! ,RISE ( ! ,NEW ,CLASS3 ,A ,FRAME ( ,REF]5CES1 ,!SES1 ,CONJECTURES1 ,>GUM5TS1 & AN ,HI/ORICAL ,P]SPECTIVE ON ! ,ROLE ( ,9TELLECTUALS & ,9TELLIG5TSIA 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,CLASS ,CONTE/ ( ! ,MOD]N ,]A 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,SEABURY1 #a#i#g#i72 ,A4 ,G\LDN]1 ,! ,TWO ,M>XISM3 ,CONTRADICTIONS & ,ANOMALIES 9 ! ,DEVELOPM5T ( ,!ORY 7,LONDON3 ,MACMILLAN1 #a#i#h72 ,A4 ,G\LDN]1 ,AGA9/ ,FRAGM5TATION3 ,! ,ORIG9S ( ,M>XISM & ! ,SOCIOLOGY ( ,9TELLECTUALS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#e72 ,G4 ,B]TI1 ,IL P5SI]O AN>*ICO3 DAL SETTEC5TO AL NOVEC5TO 7,M&URIA3 ,PI]O ,LACAITA ,$ITORE1 #a#i#i#h74 .<#i#h.> ,= PO/MOD]N & CRITICAL ,M>XI/ GEOGRAPHY1 SEE ,ALB]TO ,TOSCANO1 0,GEOGRAPHY ,AGA9/ ,CAPITALISM3 ,ELISEE ,RECLUS1 ,DAVID ,H>VEY & ! ,SPATIAL ,/RATEGIES ( ,LIB]ATION10 PAP] GIV5 TO ! ,RESE>* ,UNIT = ,POLITICS & ,E?ICS1 ,DEP>TM5T ( ,POLITICS1 ,GOLDSMI?S1 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,LONDON1 #ai ,JANU>Y #b#a4 ,ALSO SEE ,S4 ,HU/ON1 0,KROPOTK9 & ,SPATIAL ,SOCIAL ,!ORY10 ,AN>*I/ ,/UDIES #e1 #c 7#a#i#i#g73 #a#i-#c2 ,R4 ,K9NA1 0,KROPOTK9S ,!ORY ( ,MUTUAL ,AID 9 ,HI/ORICAL ,CONTEXT10 ,9T]NATIONAL ,REVIEW ( ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY #d1#b 7#a#i#i#e73 #b#e#i-#h#c2 ,B4 ,MORRIS1 0,KROPOTK9'S ,METAPHYSICS ( ,NATURE10 ,AN>*I/ ,/UDIES #i1#b 7#b#a73 #a#f#e-#h#a2 ,R4 ,K9NA1 0,FIELDS ( ,VISION & ,REVOLUTION>Y ,*ANGE10 ,SUB/ANCE #c#f1#b 7#b#g73 #f#g-#h#f2 ,V4 ,PO/9IKOV1 0,RUSSIAN ,ROOTS3 ,FROM ,POPULISM TO ,RADICAL ,ECOLOGICAL ,?\*I/ ,/UDIES #a#b1#a 7#b#d73 #f-#g#a4 ,9 A SIMIL> FA%ION1 ,RECLUS HAS BE5 R$ISCOV]$2 SEE ,J4 ,P4 ,CL>K & ,C4 ,M>T91 $S41 ,AN>*Y1 ,GEOGRAPHY1 ,MOD]NITY3 ,! ,RADICAL ,SOCIAL ,?\*I/ !ORY & PO/MOD]N & CRITICAL SOCIOLOGY1 SEE ,J4 ,PURKIS1 0,T[>DS AN ,AN>*I/ ,SOCIOLOGY10 9 ,B[5 & ,PURKIS1 ,*ANG+ ,AN>*ISM1 #c#i-#e#d4 .<#i#i.> ,SONN1 ,AN>*ISM & ,CULTURAL ,POLITICS2 ,HALP]91 ,FELIX ,F5EON2 ,V>IAS1 ,P>IS & ! ,AN>*I/S4 .<#a.> ,ANTLIF,F1 ,AN>*I/ ,MOD]NISM2 ALSO SEE ,ALAN ,ANTLIFF1 ,AN>*Y & ,>T3 ,FROM ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE TO ! ,FALL ( ! ,B]L9 ,WALL 7,VANC\V]1 ,B,C3 ,>S5AL ,PULP ,PRESS1 #b#g74 .<#a#a.> ,! FOLL[+ IS A REPRES5TATIVE SAMPLE ( AN IMM5SE FIELD3 ,R4 ,DR9NON1 ,REBEL 9 ,P>ADISE3 ,A ,BIOGRAPHY ( ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 7,*ICAGO3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,*ICAGO ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#b1 #bND $472 ,A4 ,WEXL]1 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 9 ,AM]ICA 7,BO/ON3 ,BEACON ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#d72 ,A4 ,WEXL]1 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 9 ,EXILE3 ,FROM ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION TO ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> 7,BO/ON3 ,BEACON ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#i72 ,C4 ,FALK1 ,LOVE1 ,AN>*Y & ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 7,NEW ,BRUNSWICK1 ,N,J3 ,RUTG]S ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i72 ,B4 ,HALUND1 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN3 ,SEXUALITY & ! ,IMPURITY ( ! ,/ATE 7,MONTREAL3 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#i#c72 ,C4 ,FALK1 0,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,P[] ,POLITICS & ! ,!ATRICS ( ,FREE ,EXPRESSION10 ,WOM5'S ,HI/ORY ,REVIEW #a#a1 #a 7#b#b73 #a#a-#b#f2 ,C4 ,FALK1 $41 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN3 ,A ,DOCUM5T>Y ,HI/ORY ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,YE>S1 VOI4 #a1 ,MADE 9 ,AM]ICA1 #a#h#i-#a#i#a1 VOI4 #b1 ,MAK+ ,FREE ,SPEE*1 #a#i#b-#a#i#i 7,B]KELEY3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA ,PRESS1 #b#c72 ,K4 ,MORGAN1 0,H]ALD ( ! ,FUTURE8 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,FRI$RI* ,NIETZS*E & ! ,AN>*I/ ,SUP]MAN10 ,AN>*I/ ,/UDIES #a#g1 #b 7#b#i73 #b#i-#e#d4 ,M>Y ,GLUCK EXAM9ES 9 DEP? ! ORIG9S & 9T]WEAV+ ( ! /OCK TYPES ( 0,BOHEMIA0 9 E>LY N9ETE5?-C5TURY ,P>IS 9 ,POPUL> ,UTOPIA3 ,MOD]NISM & ,URBAN ,CULTURE 9 ,N9ETE5?-,C5TURY ,P>IS 7,CAMBRIDGE1 ,M,A3 ,H>V>D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#e74 ,!SE TYPES & =MS ( BEHAVIOR 7DECAD5CE1 PRIMITIVE PA9T+1 & SO =?7 W]E ALSO CLOSELY CONNECT$ TO COMM]CIAL ACTIVITIES & CONSUM]ISM4 ,!SE WORLDS >E CAPTUR$ BRILLIANTLY 9 ! FILM 0,R$S0 7#a#i#h#a71 DIRECT$ BY & />R+ ,W>R5 ,BEATTY4 ,= ,C>LO ,TRESCA & HIS MILIEU 9 ,GRE5WI* ,VILLAGE1 SEE ! M>VEL\S BIOGRAPHY BY ,NUNZIO ,P]NICONE1 ,C>LO ,TRESCA3 ,PORTRAIT ( A ,REBEL 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,PAIGRAVE ,MACMILLAN1 #b#e74 ,= SOME EXAMPLES ( ! ,FR5* CULTURAL MAP1 SEE ,GAETANO ,MANFR$ONIA1 ,LA *ANSON AN>*I/E 5 ,FRANCE DES ORIG9ES A #aiad 7,P>IS3 ,L',H>MATTAN1 #a#i#i#g72 & ,C4 ,ALEX&] ,MC,K9DLEY1 0,AN>*I/S & ! ,MUSIC ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION10 ,J\RNAL = ! ,/UDY ( ,RADICALISM #a1#b 7#b#g73 #a-#c#c4 ,& = ! ,ITALIAN CULTURAL MAP1 SEE ,S4 ,CATANUTO & ,F4 ,S*IRONE1 ,I,I CANTO AN>*ICO 9 ,ITALIA NELLOTTOC5TO E NOVEC5TO 7,MILAN1 ,I,T3 ,Z]O 9 CONDOTTA1 #b#a74 .<#a#b.> ,S*MIDT & VAN D] ,WALT1 ,BLACK ,FLAME2 & ,HIRS* & VAN D] ,WALT1 ,AN>*ISM & ,SYNDICALISM 9 ! ,COLONIAL & ,PO/-,COLONIAL ,WORLD4 .<#a#c.> ,= ,ALEX&RIA1 SEE ,A4 ,GORMAN1 0,AN>*I/S & ,$UCATION3 ,! ,FREE ,POPUL> ,UNIV]SITY ( ,EGYPT 7#a#i#f710 ,MIDDLE ,EA/]N ,/UDIES #d#a1#c 7#b#e73 #c#c-#b2 & ,A4 ,GORMAN1 0,AN>*I/S ON ! ,NILE3 ,RADICAL ,9T]NATIONALISM 9 ,EGYPT1 #a#h#f-#a#i#a#d10 ,SEV5? ,EUROPEAN ,SOCIAL ,SCI5CE ,HI/ORY ,CONF]5CE4 ,= ,HONG ,KONG1 SEE ,&]SON1 ,UND] ,?REE ,FLAGS4 ,& = ,TOKYO1 SEE ,J4 ,CRUMP1 ,HATTA ,%UZO & ,PURE ,AN>*ISM 9 ,9T]W> ,JAPAN 7,BAS+/OKE1 ,U,K3 ,MACMILLAN1 #a#i#i#c74 .<#a#d.> ,J4 ,W4 ,F4 ,DULLES1 ,AN>*I/S & ,COMMUNI/S 9 ,BRAZIL1 #a#i-#a#i#a#e 7,AU/93 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,TEXAS ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#c72 ,R4 ,MUNCK1 ,>G5T9A3 ,FROM ,AN>*ISM TO ,P]ONISM3 ,WORK]S1 ,UNIONS & ,POLITICS1 #a#h#e#e-#a#i#h#e 7,LONDON3 ,Z$1 #a#i#h#g72 ,K4 ,%AFF]1 ,AN>*ISM & ,C\NT]CULTURAL ,POLITICS 9 ,E>LY ,TW5TIE? ,C5TURY ,CUBA 7,GA9ESVILLE3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,FLORIDA ,PRESS1 #b#e72 ,K4 ,%AFF]1 #d0,HAVANA ,HUB'3 ,! ,ROLE ( ,TI]RA & ,LIB]T>IAN ,J\RNALISM 9 ,L9K+ ,CUBA & ,C>IBBEAN ,AN>*I/ ,NETWORKS1 #a#i#c-#a#i#a#e10 ,SEV5? ,EUROPEAN ,SOCIAL ,SCI5CE ,HI/ORY ,CONF]5CE2 ,L4 VAN D] ,WALT1 0,AN>*ISM & ,SYNDICALISM 9 AN ,AFRICAN ,PORT ,CITY3 ,CAPE ,T[N1 ! ,I,W,W & ! ,I,C,U1 #a#i#d-#a#i#b#d10 ,SEV5? ,EUROPEAN ,SOCIAL ,SCI5CE ,HI/ORY ,CONF]5CE2 ,K4 ,%AFF]1 0,CONTRA/+ ,9T]NATIONALISM3 ,TRANSNATIONAL ,AN>*I/S ,CONFRONT ,U,S ,EXPANSIONISM 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN1 #a#h#i,S-#a#i#b,S10 ,EI ,R4 ,SCALAP9O & ,G4 ,T4 ,YU1 ,! ,*9ESE ,AN>*I/ ,MOVEM5T 7,B]KELEY3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#a72 ,A4 ,DIRLIK1 0,! ,PA? NOT ,TAK53 ,! ,AN>*I/ ,ALT]NATIVE TO ,*9ESE ,SOCIALISM 7#a#i#b#a-#a#i#b#g701 ,9T]NATIONAL ,REVIEW ( ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY #c#d1#a 7#a#i#h#i73 #a-#d#a2 ,P4 ,Z>R[1 ,AN>*ISM & ,*9ESE ,POLITICAL ,CULTURE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,COLUMBIA ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i72 ,A4 ,DIRLIK1 ,AN>*ISM 9 ! ,*9ESE ,REVOLUTION 7,B]KELEY3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#a72 ,J4 ,CRUMP1 0,AN>*ISM & ,NATIONALISM 9 ,EA/ ,ASIA10 ,AN>*I/ ,/UDIES #d1 #a 7#a#i#i#d73 #d#e-#f#d2 ,G4,A4 ,HO/ON1 ,! ,/ATE1 ,ID5TITY1 & ! ,NATIONAL ,QUE/ION 9 ,*9A & ,JAPAN 7,PR9CETON3 ,PR9CETON ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS73 #a#b#g-#b#a#h2 0,DIM5SIONS ( ,*9ESE ,AN>*ISM3 ,AN ,9T]VIEW ) ,>IF ,DIRLIK10 ,P]SPECTIVES ON ,AN>*I/ ,!ORY #a1 #b 7#a#i#i#g72 ,J4 ,A4 ,RAPP1 0,MAOISM & ,AN>*ISM3 ,MAO ,Z$ONG'S ,RESPONSE TO ! ,AN>*I/ ,CRITIQUE ( ,M>XISM10 ,AN>*I/ ,/UDIES #i1#a 7#b#a73 #c-#b#h4 .<#a#f.> ,SANJAY ,SE?1 0,REASON ,UNH+$3 ,! ,NON-,WE/]N ,WORLD & ,MODEM1 ,WE/]N ,KN[L$GE10 ,9AUGURAL ,LECTURE1 ,DEP>TM5T ( ,POLITICS1 ,GOLDSMI?S1 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,LONDON1 #ac ,JANU>Y #b#i4 .<#a#g.> ,M>KS1 ,H[ ,RUSSIA ,%AP$ ! ,MOD]N ,WORLD1 #a#b#d-#b#e4 .<#a#h.> ,M4 ,KAMAL ,PA%A1 0,AFT] ,IMP]IAL ,REASON3 ,G&HI & ! ,NEW ,COSMOPOLITANISM10 ,PAP] PRES5T$ TO ! ,C5T] = ,PO/-,COLONIAL ,/UDIES1 ,GOLDSMI?S1 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,LONDON1 #c ,M>* #b#a4 ,9 G5]AL1 SEE ,G4 ,O/]GA>D & ,M4 ,CURRELL1 ,! ,G5TLE ,AN>*I/S 7,OX=D3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#a72 & ,G4 ,O/]GA>D1 0,9DIAN ,AN>*ISM3 ! ,CURI\S ,CASE ( ,V9OBA ,BHAVE1 ,AN>*I/ ',SA9T ( ,GOV]NM5T10"9 9 ,GOODWAY1 ,= ,AN>*ISM1 #b#a-#a#f4 ,= AN EXCELL5T SURVEY ( ! ,TOL/OY-,G&HI CONNECTION1 SEE ,M>KS1 ,H[ ,RUSSIA ,%AP$ ! ,WORLD1 #a#b#c-#c4 ,= ! CONTEXT ( ,TOL/OY'S ,*RI/IAN ,AN>*ISM SEE1 ,A4 ,*RI/OYAN-NOP\LOS1 ,*RI/IAN ,AN>*ISM3 ,A ,POLITICAL ,COMM5T>Y ON ! ,GOSPEL 7,EXET]3 ,IMPR9T ,ACADEMIC1 #b#a74 .<#a#i.> ,B]TI1 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 #i#i4 .<#a#a.> ,GORMAN1 0,AN>*I/S & ,$UCATION02 & ,GORMAN1 0,AN>*I/S ON ! ,NILE40 .<#a#a#a.> ,I4 ,KHURI-,MAKDISI1 ,! ,EA/]N ,M$IT]RANEAN & ! ,MAK+ ( ,GLOBAL ,RADICALISM1 #a#h#f-#a#i#a#d 7,B]KELEY3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA1 #b#a74 .<#a#a#b.> ,&]SON1 ,UND] ,?REE ,FLAGS4 .<#a#a#c.> ,ON ,BA ,J91 SEE ,O4 ,LANG1 ,PA ,*9 & ,HIS ,WRIT+S3 ,*9ESE ,Y\? BETWE5 ,TWO ,REVOLUTIONS 7,CAMBRIDGE1 ,M,A3 ,H>V>D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#g72 ,N4 ,MAO1 ,PA ,*9 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,TWAYNE1 #a#i#g#h72 ,N4 ,KALDIS1 '0,BA ,J91'0 9 ,5CYLOP$IA ( ,MOD]N ,ASIA1 VOI4 #a1 $S4 ,K>5 ,*RI/5S5 & ,DAVID ,LEV9SON 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,SCRIBN]'S1 #b#b71 #b#iA-B4 ,WE AWAIT ! ,5GLI% TRANSLATION ( ,*5 ,SIHE'S BIOGRAPHY ( ,BA ,J9 & ,MAMORU ,YAMAGU*I'S EXT5SIVE WORK ON ,BA ,J9'S CORRESPOND5CE ) ! GLOBAL AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 .<#a#a#d.> ,D4 ,DAHLMANN1 ,L& UND ,FREIHEIT3 ,MACNOVSC9A UND ,ZAPATISMO ALS ,BESPIELE AGR>REVOLUTION ,BEWEGUNG5 7,/UTTG>T1 ,D,E3 ,F4 ,/E9] ,V]LAG ,WEISBAD51 #a#i#h#f72 & ,V4 ,V4 ,MAGAGNA1 ,COMMUNITIES ( ,GRA93 ,RURAL ,REBELLIONS 9 ,COMP>ATIVE ,P]SPECTIVE 7,I?ACA1 ,N,Y3 ,CORNELL ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#a74 .<#a#a#e.> ,S*MIDT & VAN D] ,WALT1 ,BLACK ,FLAME1 #b#h#f-#i#a4 .<#a#a#f.> ,T4 ,KAPLAN1 ,AN>*I/S 9 ,&ALUSIA #a#h#f#h-#a#i#c 7,PR9CETON1 ,N,J3 ,PR9CETON ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#g74 ,ALSO SEE ! V]Y P]SUASIVE >GUM5TS ( ,JAMES ,CASEY1 0,! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ ,PEASANT3 ,H[ ,PRIMITIVE A ,REBEL810 ,J\RNAL ( ,EUROPEAN ,/UDIES #h 7#a#i#g#h73 #c#d-#d#c4 .<#a#a#g.> ,J4 ,A4 ,H>T1 ,AN>*ISM & ! ,MEXICAN ,WORK+ ,CLASS1 #a#h#h#i-#a#i#c#a 7,AU/93 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,TEXAS ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#h72 ,PAUL ,AVRI*1 ,AN>*I/ ,PORTRAITS 7,PR9CETON1 ,N,J3 ,PR9CETON ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#h72 ,C4 ,M4 ,MAC,LA*L91 ,AN>*ISM & ! ,MEXICAN ,REVOLUTION3 ,! ,POLITICAL ,TRIALS ( ,RIC>DO ,FLORES ,MAGON 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 7,B]KELEY3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#a72 ,W4 ,S4 ,ALBRO1 ,ALWAYS A ,REBEL3 ,RIC>DO ,FLORES ,MAGON & ! ,MEXICAN ,REVOLUTION 7,=? ,WOR?3 ,TEXAS ,*RI/IAN ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#b72 ,J4 ,A4 ,S&OS1 ,REBELLION 9 ! ,BORD]L&S3 ,AN>*ISM & ! ,PLAN ( ,SAN ,DIEGO 7,TULSA3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,OKLAHOMA ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#b72 ,D4 ,HODGES1 ,MEXICAN ,AN>*ISM AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION 7,AU/93 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,TEXAS ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#e74 ,! LIMITATIONS ( ! ,BOL%EVIK MODEL 9 ,MEXICO DUE TO E>LI] =MS ( AN>*ISM RADICALISM >E DISCUSS$ BY ,DANIELA ,SP5S] 9 0,RADICAL ,MEXICO4 ,LIMITS TO ! ,IMPACT ( ,SOVIET ,COMMUNISM10 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN ,P]SPECTIVES #c#e1#b 7#b#h73 #e#g-#g4 .<#a#a#h.> ,PAUL ,AVRI*1 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,AN>*I/S 7,PR9CETON1 ,N,J3 ,PR9CETON ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#g72 ,M4 ,PALIJ1 ,! ,AN>*ISM ( ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO1 #a#i#a#h-#a#i#b#a3 ,AN ,ASPECT ( ! ,UKRA9IAN ,REVOLUTION 7,SEATTLE3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,WA%+TON ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#f72 ,M4 ,MALET1 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,CIVIL ,W> 7,BAS+/OKE1 ,U,K3 ,MACMILLAN1 #a#i#h#b72 ,DAHLMANN1 ,L& UND ,FREIHEIT2 ,O4 ,FIGES1 ,PEASANT ,RUSSIA1 ,CIVIL ,W>3 ,! ,VOLGA ,C\NTRYSIDE 9 ,REVOLUTION 7#a#i#a#g-#a#i#b#a7 7,OX=D1 ,U,K3 ,CL>5DON1 #a#i#h#i72 ,S4 ,CIPKO1 0,NE/OR ,MAKHNO3 ,A ,M9I-,HI/ORIOGRAPHY ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,REVOLUTION10 ,! ,RAV51 ,AN>*I/ ,QU>T]LY #d1#a 7#a#i#i#a73 #e#g-#g#e2 ,E4 ,C9ELLA1 0,MAKHNO NELLA RIVOLUZIONE UCRA9A DEL #a#i#a#g-#a#i#b#a10 ,RIVI/A /ORICA DEL,V,AN>*ISMO1 #g1 #a 7#b73 #i-#d#f2 ,A4 ,SKIRDA1 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO1 ,AN>*Y S ,COSSOCK3 ,! ,/RUGGLE = ,FREE ,SOVIETS 9 ! ,UKRA9E1 #a#i#a#g-#a#i#b#b 7,$9BRU<1 ,U,K3 ,A,K ,PRESS1 #b#d74 .<#a#a#i.> ,S*MIDT & VAN D] ,WALT1 ,BLACK ,FLAME1 #b#h#d-#h#e4 .<#a#b.> ,J4 ,MOYA1 ,C\S9S & ,/RANG]S4 ,SPANI% ,IMMIGRANTS 9 ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 #a#h#e-#a#i#c 7,B]KELEY3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#h72 & ,MOYA1 0,! ,POSITIVE ,SIDE ( A ,/]EOTYPE40 .<#a#b#a.> ,S*MIDT & VAN D] ,WALT1 ,BLACK ,FLAME1 #b-#b#a1#b#i#a4 .<#a#b#b.> ,S*MIDT & VAN D] ,WALT1 ,BLACK ,FLAME1 #c#a#a4 .<#a#b#c.> ,M4 ,L[Y1 0,FROM ,CAPTA9 ,SW+ TO ,PAN*O ,VILLA3 ,9/ANCES ( ,PEASANT ,RESI/ANCE 9 ! ,HI/ORIOGRAPHY ( ,]IC ,HOBSBAWM10 ,DIOG5ES #d#h1#a 7#b73 #a-#b#i4 .<#a#b#d.> ,COHN1 ,LU/ = ,LIB]TY1 #a#e#f4 .<#a#b#e.> ,SCOTT1 ,! ,>T ( ,NOT ,BE+ ,GOV]N$4 .<#a#b#f.> ,S*MIDT & VAN D] ,WALT1 ,BLACK ,FLAME1 #b#a#a-#a#h4 .<#a#b#g.> ,J4 ,SURI1 ,P[] & ,PROTE/3 ,GLOBAL ,REVOLUTIONS & ! ,RISE ( ,DET5TE 7,CAMBRIDGE1 ,M,A3 ,H>V>D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#c74 .<#a#b#h.> ,BY ! TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY1 TO /EM ! FL[ ( =C$ MIGRANTS 9TO !IR T]RITORIES1 LIB]AL DEMOCRACIES HAVE EXCIS$ P>TS ( !IR [N SOV]EIGN T]RITORIES 7ISL&S (F !IR COA/ & AIRPORTS ZONES72 M\NT$ NAVAL PATROLS & EX]CIS$ ILLEGAL SOV]EIGN P[]S OV] C[]+ REFUGEES ON ! HI< SEAS1 & DEPORT$ !M TO ?IRD C\NTRIES2 PLAC$ IMMIGRATION (FICIALS 9 =EIGN AIRPORTS TO *ECK ! CR$5TIALS ( W\LD-BE ASYLUM SEEK]S2 & COMPELL$ AIRL9E & EMPLOYES ( O!R TRANSPORT FIRMS TO ACT AS SURROGATE IMMIGRATION (FICIALS AT PORTS ( EMB>KATION4 ,= A GOOD DISCUSSION ( ?IS 0,ELA/IC ,/ATE10 SEE ,ELSBE? ,GUILD'S ,SECURITY & ,MIGRATION 9 ! #b#a/ ,C5TURY 7,CAMBRIDGE1 ,U,K3 ,POLITY1 #b#i74 ,GEORG ,M5Z HAS ANO!R TAKE ON ?IS 0,ELA/IC ,/ATE10 US+ ! CONCEPT ( ! 0,COMPETITION ,/ATE10 :]E ! /ATE MANAGES MIGRATION 7MORE ECONOMIC MIGRANTS1 FEW] REFUGEES & ASYLUM SEEK]S7 9 T&EM ) NATIONALLY BAS$ OBJECTIVES = A FL\RI%+ NATIONAL ECONOMY1 :I* RELIES ON 9TRUSION ( GLOBAL =CES TO SUCCE$2 SEE ,GEORG ,M5Z1 ,! ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY ( ,MANAG$ ,MIGRATION3 ,NON/ATE ,ACTORS1 ,EUROPEANIZATION1 & ! ,POLITICS ( ,DESIGN+ ,MIGRATION ,POLICIES 7,OX=D3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#i74 .<#a#b#i.> ,SEE ,TURCATO1 0,9TRODUCTION3 ,MAK+ ,S5SE ( ,AN>*ISM40 ,= ! USES ( A COSMOPOLITAN LIB]T>IAN APPROA* 9 CONTEMPOR>Y 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS1 SEE ,A4 ,HURRELL1 ,ON ,GLOBAL ,ORD]3 ,P[]1 ,VALUES1 & ! ,CON/ITUTION ( ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIETY 7,OX=D3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#g71 & ,M4 ,FRO/1 ,GLOBAL ,E?ICS3 ,AN>*Y ,FRE$OM & ,9T]NATIONAL ,RELATIONS 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE1 #b#i74 ,= ! RELATION%IP ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM1 P>TICUL>LY ,PR\DHON'S EXT5SIVE RUM9ATIONS ON ! BALANCE ( P[]1 SUPRANATIONALITY1 & O!R !MES1 SEE ,A4 ,PRI*>D1 0,JU/ICE1 ,ORD] & ,AN>*Y3 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,POLITICAL ,!ORY ( ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON 7#a#h#i-#a#h#f#e710 ,MILL5NIUM3 ,J\RNAL ( ,9T]NATIONAL ,/UDIES #c#e1 #c 7#b#g73 #f#b#c-#d#e4#a DRAW TOGE!R CLASSICAL AN>*ISM & CONTEMPOR>Y /UDIES ( COSMOPOLITANISM 9 0,AN>*ISM & ,COSMOPOLITANISM10 ,J\RNAL ( ,POLITICAL ,IDEOLOGIES1 =?COM+4 .<#a#c.> ,D4 ,/EVIS1 0,9T]NATIONAL ,LABOR ,ORGANIZATIONS1 #a#h#f#c-#a#i#i#g3 ,! ,WEI* #d1#a 7#a#i#i#h73 #e#b-#g#e2 ,B4 ,J4 ,SILV]1 ,=CES ( ,LABOR3 ,WORK]S"9 ,MOVEM5T & ,GLOBALIZATION S9CE #ahg 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#c72 ,V4 ,BURGMANN1 0,FROM ,SYNDICALISM TO ,SEATTLE3 ,CLASS & ! ,POLITICS ( ,ID5TITY10 ,9T]NATIONAL ,LABOR & ,WORK+-,CLASS ,HI/ORY #fg 7#b#e73 #a-#b#a2 ,N4 ,KIRK1 ,D4 ,R4 ,MAC,RAILD1 & ,M4 ,NOLAN1 0,TRANSNATIONAL ,IDEAS1 ,ACTIVITIES & ,ORGANIZATION 9 ,LABOR ,HI/ORY #a#h#fS TO #a#i#bS10 ,LABOR ,HI/ORY ,REVIEW #g#d1#c 7#b#i73 #b#b#a-#c#b4 .<#a#c#a.> ,J4 ,MOYA1 P]SONAL CORRESPOND5CE2 ,J4 ,MOYA1 0,MOD]NIZ+ ,MOD]NITY & ! ,TRANS_/ =MATION ( ! ,ATLANTIC ,WORLD 9 ! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY10 9 ,! ,ATLANTIC 9 ,GLOBAL ,HI/ORY1 #a#e-#b 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,PR5TICE-,HALL1 #b#f72 ,P4 ,GILROY1 ,! ,BLACK ,ATLANTIC3 ,MOD]NITY & ,D\BLE ,CONSCI\SNESS 7,CAMBRIDGE1 ,M,A3 ,H>V>D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#c74 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JANU>Y #b#h1 #bba 3 ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORIES ( ,AN>*ISM -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORIES ( ,AN>*ISM -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/