,P>T #e 
,WALK+ ) ! ,RI<T TO ! ,CITY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&ROS ,S*ISM5OS 

,AU?OR 3 ,BRIAN ,MORRIS 

,AU?OR 3 ,DAN ,*ODORK(F 

,TEXT 3 

,P,>,T #e3 ,WALK+ ) ! ,RI<T TO ! ,CITY 

,SQUATT+ AS ,CLAIM+ ! ,RI<T TO ! ,CITY 

,DIANA ,BOGADO1 ,NOEL ,MANZANO & ,M>TA ,SOLANAS ,9TRODUCTION 

,! PH5OM5A ( SQUATT+ & OCCUPY+ CURR5TLY CON/ITUTE GLOBAL ME?ODS ( RESI/+ ! 0NEOLIB]AL0 DYNAMIC ( ! GLOBAL METROPOLIS4 ,WE USE ! T]M OCCUPY TO REF] TO H\S+ OCCUPATIONS ?AT SEEK TO GU>ANTEE %ELT] = POPULATIONS )\T RES\RCES1 & ! T]M SQUAT TO ALLUDE TO OCCUPATION PROCESSES ?AT TRY TO G5]ATE SPACES = PUBLIC MEET+S & POLITICAL DISCUSSIONS4 ,9 ,BRAZIL & ,SPA91 BO? K9D ( SPACES PU% T[>DS CLAIM+ SOCIAL RI<TS4 ,SOME ESS5TIAL SIMIL>ITIES & DIFF]5CES BETWE5 !M WILL BE DESCRIB$ 9 ?IS >TICLE4 

,! NEOLIB]AL CITY IS BUILT ON A NEW =M ( 05TREPR5EURIAL0 URBAN MANAGEM5T1 :OSE CONSEQU5CES >E1 AMONG O!RS1 ! ACC5TUATION ( T]RITORIAL SEGREGATION 7,H>VEY1 #b#e1 #b#a#a74 ,9 ! CURR5T GLOBAL CONTEXT1 ! ACTION ( CIVIL SOCIETY CULM9ATES 9 MOVEM5TS DEM&+ ! ACCOMPLI%M5T NOT ONLY ( BASIC NE$S1 BUT ALSO ! QUALITY ( URBAN LIFE3 ! RI<T TO ! CITY 7,LEFEBVRE1 #a#i#f#h74 ,?IS RI<T IS UND] CON/ANT ?REAT BY ! GRADUAL IMPOSITION ( F9ANCIAL 9T]E/S 9 GLOBAL CITIES 7,SASS51 #b#a74 ,H[EV]1 9SURG5T SOCIAL NETWORKS MAKE POSSIBLE TO 5DORSE LOCAL /RUGGLES ON A GLOBAL SCALE4 ,BO? LOCAL & GLOBAL TR5DS1 OCCUPY+ & SQUATT+ HAVE BE5 DESCRIB$ TOGE!R AS A S+LE PH5OM5ON1 A PRODUCT ( COMP>ABLE ECONOMIC & 9/ITUTIONAL PROCESSES1 9 BO? ! GLOBAL ,NOR? & ,S\? 7,AGUIL]A & ,SM>T1 #b#a#f74 ,?IS ESSAY PRES5TS ! HYPO!SIS ?AT ! SIMIL>ITIES BETWE5 OCCUPY+ & SQUATT+ 9 ,SPANI% & ,BRAZILIAN METROPOLISES >E ! C\NT]P>T TO ! HOMOG5E\S PROCESSES ( TRANS=M+ H\S+ & ! CITY 9TO SPECULATIVE OBJECTS 7,ROLNIK1 #b#a#f2 ,H>VEY1 #b#e2 #b#a#a71 ) SPECIFIC1 BUT EQUIVAL5T1 POPUL> REACTIONS4 

,9 REC5T YE>S1 SIGNIFICANT SUCCESS HAS BE5 A*IEV$ BY ! PUBLIC SPACE SQUATT+ & OCCUPY MOVEM5TS 9 BO? C\NTRIES1 9 !IR /RUGGLES = ! RI<T TO DEC5T H\S+ & TO ! CITY1 BUT ALONG DIFF]5T DIM5SIONS4 ,9 ,SPA91 ! SO-CALL$ #a#e,M MOVEM5T1 />T+ 9 ,MAY #b#a#a1 CONTRIBUT$ TO ! BIR? ( ! ,P,A,H1.<#c#h.> ! MA9 H\S+ MOVEM5T 9 ,SPA94 ,9 ,BRAZIL1 ! DEMON/RATIONS ( ,JUNE #b#a#c1 KN[N AS ! ,JUNE ,DAYS1 BEGAN 9 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO & SPREAD ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY & O!R ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN C\NTRIES1 9SPIR+ A :OLE G5]ATION TO 5GAGE 9 SOCIO-POLITICAL /RUGGLES4 ,!SE 
MOVEM5TS REPRES5T$ KEY MOM5TS 9 EA* LOCATION1 & A NEW CYCLE ( SOCIAL REV9DICATIONS1 ) SIGNIFICANT POLITICAL CONSEQU5CES & GLOBAL IMPACTS1 & APPE>$ RELAT$ TO ! GLOBAL WAVE ( POPUL> RESI/ANCE MOVEM5TS ?AT BEGAN 9 ,TUNISIA 7#b#a7 & ,EGYPT 7#b#a#a7 KN[N AS ! ,>AB ,SPR+1 ) FUR!R MANIFE/ATIONS 9 ,EUROPE & ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 ,!SE MOVEM5TS ALSO REPRES5T$ A V>IATION ( TRADITIONAL OCCUPATIONAL =MS BY OCCUPY+ PUBLIC SPACES 9/EAD ( BUILD+S 7,]5SU1 ,K>AMAN1 #b#a#g74 ,FUR!RMORE1 !Y CLAIM$ %>$ ROOTS--! /RUGGLE = FUNDAM5TAL URBAN RI<TS4 

,RELAT$ TO !SE1 A PROCESS ( LEGITIMIZ+ H\S+ OCCUPATION OCCURR$ 9 A CONTEXT ( ACCEL]AT$ DISPOSSESSION PROCESSES 7,H>VEY1 #b#e71 BO? 9 ,SPA9 & 9 ,BRAZIL4 ,9 ?IS TEXT1 WE WILL COMP>E !IR SIMIL>ITIES & DIFF]5CES1 /UDY+ ! EXPLICITLY POLITICAL OCCUPY & SQUATT+ MOVEM5TS4 

,\R PURPOSE WILL BE TO CONTEXTUALIZE ! GLOBAL TRANS=MATIONS 9 H\S+ & CITY RI<TS1 BO? 9 ,BRAZIL & ,SPA91 RELAT+ !M TO 0! ]A ( F9ANCE0 7,ROLNIK1 #b#a#f71 & ! OCCUPY+_/SQUATT+ PATT]NS ?AT EM]G$ AS REACTION TO IT4.<#c#i.> ,9 ! CONTEXT ( F9ANCIAL CAPITALISM1 H\S+ POLICIES1 H\S+ COMPLEXES1 PUBLIC SPACES & !IR IDIOSYNCRASIES BECOME AFFECT$ BY ! POLITICAL PROCESS ( F9ANCIALIZ+ LIFE4 ,PUBLIC SPACE BECOMES SPECULATIVE & H\S+ BECOMES A LUXURY ITEM1 TRANS=M$ BY SPECULATION & G5TRIFICATION1 BO? 9 ,BRAZIL & 9 ,SPA91 AS A CONSEQU5CE ( ! COMMODIFICATION ( CITIES = ! GLOBAL M>KET 7,ROLNIK1 #b#a#f74 ,SU* A MANAGEM5T MODEL LEADS TO VIOLATIONS ( CIVIL RI<TS1 P>TICUL>LY ) RESPECT TO ! RI<T TO DEC5T H\S+4.<#d.> ,PREC>I\S POPULATIONS W]E EXPELL$ TO ! EXTREME METROPOLITAN P]IPH]Y1 ?REAT5+ ! RI<T TO ! CITY BO? 9 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO & 9 ,SPA94 

,!SE URBAN *ANGES LEAD US TO ADDRESS ! FOLL[+ ISSUES3 ,H[ HAVE CITIES ?REAT5$ ! POPUL> CLASSES 9 BO? C\NTRIES BY TRANS=M+ ! CITY TO ALL[ ! ATTRACTION ( 9T]NATIONAL SPECULATIVE CAPITAL8 ,H[ HAVE LOCAL POPULATIONS REACT$ 9 ORD] TO MA9TA9 !IR RI<TS TO ! CITY8 

,ME?ODOLOGICAL ,FRAME 

,?IS >TICLE IS BAS$ ON ! P]SONAL & ACTIVI/ EXP]I5CES ( ITS ?REE AU?ORS1 AS WELL AS ON MAT]IALS COLLECT$ DUR+ !IR RESPECTIVE ACADEMIC TRAJECTORIES4 ,! ME?ODOLOGY 9CLUDES DIRECT & P>TICIPANT OBS]VATION 7,BECK]1 #a#i#i#c2 ,:YTE1 #a#i#d#c71 OR OBS]VANT P>TICIPATION 7,WACQUANT1 #b7 9 ! OCCUPY & SQUATT+ MOVEM5TS4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 MILITANCY & RESE>* W]E C>RI$ \T 9 OCCUPATIONS = ! RI<T TO H\S+ & TO ! CITY 7,LEFEBVRE1 #b#a7 9 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO1 ,SEVILLE & ,MADRID4 ,9 ADDITION1 AT V>I\S MOM5TS1 OV] ! LA/ FEW YE>S1 FREE CONV]SATIONS & /RUCTUR$ 9T]VIEWS W]E CONDUCT$ 9 DIFF]5T 0SQUATS0 AS P>T ( ! MA/]'S & DOCTORAL !SES ( ! AU?ORS4 

,DIANA ,BOGADO'S 7#b#a#a7 MA/]'S !SIS WAS 5TITL$ ,! ,OKUPA MOVEM5T3 ,RESI/ANCE & AUTONOMY 9 OCCUPY BUILD+S 9 C5TRAL URBAN >EAS4 ,?IS TEXT1 WRITT5 BETWE5 ,SEVILLE & ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO1 COMPRISES A !ORETICAL ANALYSIS ( OCCUPY+ & SQUATT+1 US+ ! EXI/+ LIT]ATURE & DEVELOP+ HYPO!SES L9K$ TO ! EXP]I5CES ( ! AU?OR-ACTIVI/ 9 SQUATS & OCCUPATIONS 9 ,BRAZIL & ,SPA94 ,%E !N WROTE A ,PH4,D4 !SIS AB\T ! RI<T TO ! CITY4 ,! AU?OR P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! #a#e,M MOVEM5T1 9 ,SPA91 & 9 ! DEMON/RATIONS ( ,JUNE #bac 9 ,BRAZIL1 AMONG O!R MANIFE/ATIONS1 & P>TICIPAT$ 9T5SELY 9 ! FI<T AGA9/ EVICTION & REMOVAL ( ! 0FAVELAS0 9 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO FROM #bac TO #b#a#f4 ,! AU?OR BUILT A MUSEUM ( POPUL> RESI/ANCE ) ! COMMUNITY ( ! ,VILA ,AUTODROMO FAVELA 9 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO3 ,! ,MUSEU DAS ,REM(OES 7,EVICTION ,MUSEUM74 

,NOEL ,MANZANO'S 7#b#a#e7 MA/]'S !SIS 9 SOCIOLOGY WAS 5TITL$ ,PEOPLE )\T H\SES1 H\SES )\T PEOPLE3 ,URBAN F9ANCIALISATION & H\S+ APPROPRIATION 9 ! NEW ,MADRIL5IAN P]IPH]Y4 ,HIS RESE>* WAS C>RI$ \T BETWE5 ,P>IS1 ,MADRID1 & ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO1 & CONTA9S A /RONG EMPIRICAL COMPON5T BAS$ ON A P>TICIPATIVE IMM]SION 9 ! SOCIAL H\S+ MOVEM5TS ( ,MADRID1 & #fh SEMI-/RUCTUR$ 9T]VIEWS ) URBANI/S1 ACTIVI/S & MEMB]S ( 9=MAL OCCUPATIONS4 

,M>TA ,SOLANAS' DOCTORAL !SIS1 ,URUGUAYAN H\S+ COOP]ATIVES AS A SY/EM ( SOCIAL PRODUCTION ( HABITAT & NEI<BORHOOD SELF-MANAGEM5T1 EXAM9$ ! HORIZONTAL & SELF-ORGANIZ$ =MS ( POPUL> H\S+ 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 ) FIELDWORK 9 ,MONTEVIDEO4 ,?IS EXP]I5CE WAS PUT 9TO PRACTICE 9 SPACES SU* AS ! 0,CORRALA ,UTOPIA0 9 ,SEVILLE--A BUILD+ OCCUPI$ BY SQUATT]S AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,SPANI% ECONOMIC CRISIS 7#b#a#b--#b#a#d74 

,?IS >TICLE IS BORN1 !RE=E1 FROM ! CROSSROADS ( !ORETICAL RESE>*1 FIELDWORK1 & TRANSNATIONAL EXP]I5CES ON ! RI<T TO ! CITY ( ! ?REE AU?ORS4 ,! ACTIVISM PRACTICE )9 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS P]MITT$ ! AU?ORS TO OBS]VE ! SQUATS' DYNAMICS1 AS WELL AS 5ABL+ ACCESS = 9T]VIEWS4 ,9 AN ACTION-RESE>* PROCESS1 PRACTICAL ACTIONS CON/ITUTE ! 9ITIAL PROVISION ( 9PUTS1 AS WELL AS A BASE ) :I* TO V]IFY CONCLUSIONS 7,TRIPP1 #b#e74 ,DEAL+ ) ! DEBATE ( SUBJECTIVITY & OBJECTIVITY1 & ALSO AB\T ! ILLUSION ( SCI5TIFIC NEUTRALITY1 ! PA? ADOPT$ IS AN EX]CISE ( OBJECTIFICATION--NOT ( OBJECTIVITY--7,B\RDIEU1 #a#i#g#g71 :I* DOES NOT TREAT REALITY AS OBJECTIVE & ADMITS ?AT IT CAN BE TREAT$ AS 9 SE>* ( OBJECTIFICATION4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 ! SCI5TIFIC PR9CIPLE UPON :I* ! ME?ODOLOGY IS GR\ND$ IS NOT OBJECTIVITY1 BUT REFLEXIVITY4 ,\R ACADEMIC PRODUCTION IS BAS$ ON ! !ORY ( 0ECOLOGY ( KN[L$GE0 7,BOAV5TURA DE ,S\SA ,SANTOS1 #b#a71 :I* PROPOSES ! FUSION ( POPUL> & SCI5TIFIC KN[L$GE4 

,= ?IS REFLECTION WE CONSID]$ ! EV]YDAY MICRO-PROCESSES ?AT DEVELOP$ 9 ! HE>T ( ! CASE /UDIES1 ADOPT+ !M AS KEY ELEM5TS = UND]/&+ & EXPLA9+ COMPLEX GLOBAL MACRO-PROCESSES4 ,WE HAVE 
CONSID]$ SQUATT+1 & ITS LOGICS1 AS SPACES ( /RUGGLE = ! RI<T TO ! CITY & CONFLICT AGA9/ NEOLIB]AL 9T]E/S4 ,?IS ASSESSM5T WAS BAS$ ON ! REGRESSIVE-PROGRESSIVE ME?OD1 AS DESIGN$ BY ,LEFEBVRE 7#a#i#d#i1 #a#i#e#c1 #a#i#f1 #a#i#f#h71 :I* ALL[S = SKET*+ ! HI/ORICITY ( SOCIAL PROCESSES1 FROM A LOOK AT DAILY LIFE & ! SPATIALIZATION ( SOCIAL DYNAMICS 7,LEFEBVRE1 #a#i#i#a74 

,\R HYPO!SIS IS ?AT ! PROCESSES ( EXCLUSION-- ! CONSEQU5CE ( M>KET MANAGEM5T ( CITIES--G5]ATES NEW DYNAMICS ( /RUGGLE 9 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 & EXPLA9S ! PLURALITY ( =MS ( OCCUPATION & EM]G+ SQUATT+ PRACTICES4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 NEW =MS ( 5TREPR5EURIAL MANAGEM5T & !IR IMPACTS REQUIRE ! CREATIVE RE->TICULATION ( SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 :I* SUBSEQU5TLY LEADS TO ! EM]G5CE ( DIFF]5T CLAIMS TO ! RI<T TO ! CITY4 

,F9ANCIAL ,URBAN ,MANAGEM5T & ! ,RI<T TO ! ,CITY 9 ,BRAZIL & ,SPA9 

,! CURR5T ]A DIFF]S FROM O!R MOM5TS ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM LIFECYCLE BY SOME UNIQUE *>ACT]I/ICS RELAT$ TO ECONOMIC & F9ANCIAL DYNAMICS4 ,DUR+ ! LA/ DECADES1 URBAN LIFE HAS BE5 9CREAS+LY M$IAT$ BY ! CONSUMPTION ( URBAN LIFE1 TURN+ RELATION%IPS & SPACES 9TO SPECTACLES 7,DEBORD1 #a#i#f#i7 & PRESS+ !M 9TO COMPETITION4 ,COMPETITIV5ESS IS NOT ONLY RE/RICT$ TO ! SPH]E ( 9DIVIDUAL RELATIONS2 IT ALSO BECOMES ! PR$OM9ANT HEGEMONIC LOGIC ?AT JU/IFIES ITSELF 7,SANTOS1 #b#a#a74 ,)9 ?IS LOGIC FIT ! CITIES--!Y COMPETE AMONG !MSELVES TO BECOME MORE ATTRACTIVE4 

,URBAN PLANN+1 !ORETICALLY RESPONSIBLE = PROVID+ BASIC 9FRA/RUCTURE1 IS MANAG$ AS A TOOL = TRANS=M+ SPACES 9TO 9T]NATIONAL %[CASES4 ,! EM]G5CE ( ! 5TREPR5EURIAL PROTAGONI/ )9 ! URBAN MANAGEM5T L&SCAPE IS DET]M9$ BY ITS DIRECT RELATION%IP ) 9T]NATIONAL F9ANCIAL CAPITAL1 HI<LI<T+ ! SPE$ ( BUS9ESS PROCESSES & ! PRES5CE ( AU?ORIT>IANISM BY A /ATE ( EM]G5CY 9 ! EXECUTION ( MEASURES ?AT S]VE CORPORATE 9T]E/S 7,AGAMB51 #b#e2 ,AGUIL]A & ,N>$O1 #b#i74 

,9 ,BRAZIL1 ! TRADITIONAL CONTEXT ( ! *RONIC H\S+ DEFICIT WAS AGGRAVAT$ BY 9ITIATIVES TRY+ TO POSITION ! ,BRAZILIAN METROPOLIS AS A PRIORITY FOCUS = SPECULATIVE REAL E/ATE 9VE/M5TS3 ! ORGANIZATION ( MACRO-EV5TS1 MA9LY ! #bad ,WORLD ,FOOTBALL ,CUP & ! #baf ,OLYMPIC ,GAMES4 ,COMMUT+ GLOBAL CAPITAL 9TO LOCAL REAL E/ATE PROJECTS1 ! 9CREASE 9 REAL E/ATE PRICES PRODUC$1 AS A CONSEQU5CE1 AN URBAN POLICY ( 0EVICTIONS10.<#d#a.> :I* WAS UND]TAK5 9 SEV]AL 9=MAL URBANIZATIONS 7FAVELA71 SU* AS ! FAM\S 0,VILA ,AUTODROMO0 ( ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO 7,BOGADO1 #b#a#g74 ,PRODUC+ BO? AN AL>M+ 9CREASE 9 RATES ( EVICTION & EXPULSIONS ( L[-9COME FAMILIES 7,AZEV$O & ,FAULHAB]1 #b#a#e71 ! G5TRIFICATION ( 
ALREADY BUILT >EAS1 SU* AS ! PORT >EA ( ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO1.<#d#b.> & ! SPECULATIVE CON/RUCTION ( NEW BUILD+S1 :I* REMA9 CURR5TLY EMPTY4 ,?IS PROCESS WAS ACCOMPANI$ BY A VIOL5T EVICTION POLICY TO OCCUPATIONS & FAVELAS4 

,9 ,SPA91 5TRY TO ! ,EUROZONE 9 #ba FACILITAT$ ! RAIS+ ( 9T]NATIONAL CAPITAL &1 AS A RESULT1 ! G5]ATION ( A COLOSSAL REAL E/ATE BUBBLE4 ,! NATIONAL URBAN PLANN+ FRAME WAS TRANS=M$1 D]EGULAT+ ! :OLE C\NTRY BY ! NATIONAL ,L& ,LAW ( #a#i#i#g1 :I* DECL>$ SUITABLE TO BUILD ON ANY L& NOT SPECIFICALLY PROTECT$4 ,9 ,MADRID1 ! MODIFICATION ( ! ,G5]AL ,PLAN ( ,URBAN ,PLANN+1 =ESAW S9CE #aiie ! CON/RUCTION ( NEW SPECULATIVE NEI<BORHOODS & 9FRA/RUCTURE1 FREQU5TLY 7AS 9 ! ,BRAZILIAN CASE7 JU/IFI$ BY UNSUCCESSFUL APPLICATIONS TO HO/ ! ,OLYMPIC ,GAMES4 ,ALL[+ LOCAL & REGIONAL H\S+ COMPANIES1 ,E,M,V,S.<#d#c.> & ,I,V,I,M,A1.<#d#d.> TO SPECULATE ON RESID5TIAL L& PRICES4 

,! EXPLOSION ( ! REAL E/ATE BUBBLE1 L9K$ TO ! GLOBAL SUBPRIME CRISIS 9 #b#h1 L$ TO ! PRIVATIZATION ( A L>GE P>T ( SOCIAL H\S+1 & TO A GREAT NUMB] ( EVICTIONS1 PRODUC+ A 0H\S+ EM]G5CY0 7,P,A,H1 #b#a#c7 ?AT REMA9S TODAY4 

,FAC$ ) ! RATIONAL USE ( H\S+1 ! MASSIVE NONPAYM5T ( DEBTS PROVOK$ A 0PROMOTION ( HI< LEVELS ( 9DEBT$NESS ?AT R$UC$ ! :OLE POPULATIONS TO A CONDITION ( CR$IT SLAV]Y0 7,H>VEY #b#e1 P4#a#g#c--#a#g#d71 ?ANKS TO ! CO]CIVE ME*ANISM ( 0MORTGAGE EVICTIONS40 ,AT ! 0MACRO0 LEVEL1 V>I\S F9ANCIAL SPECULATIVE ME*ANISMS PRIVILEG$ ! MA9T5ANCE ( EMPTY H\SES 9 ! :OLE C\NTRY TO 9CREASE M>KET PRICES ( REAL E/ATE1 =BIDD+ !IR SOCIAL USE 7,MANZANO1 #b#a#e74 ,?IS CONTRADICTION WAS VISIBLE 9 ! MO/ P>T ( ,SPANI% CITIES BY ! PRES5CE ( AB&ON$ URBANIZATIONS & EMPTY BLOCKS 7,OBS]VATORIO ,METROPOLITANO1 #b#a#c7 BE+ ILLEGALLY1 BUT RI<TFULLY1 US$ BO? BY SOCIAL H\S+ MOVEM5TS & 9DIVIDUALS AS A %ELT] SOLUTION4 

,9 ,SPA91 ! SUDD5 >RIVAL ( GLOBAL CAPITAL TO ! REAL E/ATE M>KET1 & ! FUR!R DRAMATIC CAPITAL \TFL[ PRODUC$ A HUGE ECONOMIC CRISIS1 /OPP+ SOCIAL H\S+ PROGRAMS & ACCEL]AT+ ASSET ACCUMULATION ?R\< A DISPOSSESSION PROCESS 7,H>VEY1 #b#e74 ,! ABS5CE ( A PUBLIC H\S+ P>K = R5T 7,N>$O1 #b#a#c7 =C$ ! USE ( EMPTY BUILD+S AS A PREC>I\S ALT]NATIVE TO SOCIAL H\S+4 

,9 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO1 ! CON/RUCTION ( ! NEOLIB]AL CITY IS *>ACT]IZ$ NOT ONLY BY ! COMM]CIALIZATION ( URBAN T]RITORY1 BUT BY ! ABS5CE ( PUBLIC P[] 9 ! CON/RUCTION ( ADEQUATE H\S+ UNITS1 AS WELL AS ! LACK ( DI/RIBUTION TO ?OSE :O REALLY NE$ !M4 ,AL?\< 9 ,BRAZIL !RE >E PROGRAMS FOCUS$ ON SOCIAL H\S+1 !Y >E NOT EFFICI5T DUE TO A RANGE ( FACTORS3 ! DRAMATIC H\S+ %ORTAGE2 ! EXI/5CE ( A L>GE /OCK ( EMPTY BUILD+S = SPECULATION2 AB&ONM5T ( C5TRAL >EAS BY ! ,/ATE2 T\RISM2 G5TRIFICATION2 ! ABS5CE ( SOCIAL H\S+ 9 OR CLOSE 
TO ! C5TRAL >EAS 7) EMPLOYM5T OPPORTUNITIES72 & REAL E/ATE 9T]E/S 9 >EAS E>M>K$ = SOCIAL H\S+4 ,5TREPR5EURIAL PUBLIC MANAGEM5T IS RESPONSIBLE = 9T5SIFY+ ! PRODUCTION ( URBAN SEGREGATION1 A SITUATION ?AT1 :5 COMB9$ ) ! 9EFFICI5CY ( SOCIAL H\S+ PROGRAMS1 HAS L$ TO A GRADUAL 9CREASE 9 ! OCCUPATION ( IDLE BUILD+S & 9=MAL CON/RUCTIONS 9 ! GREAT METROPOLIS 7,BOGADO1 #b#a#a74 

,SQUATS & ,OCCUPATIONS 

,SQUATT+ & OCCUPY+1 BO? 9 ,SPA9 & ,BRAZIL1 >E BOOM+ PRACTICES4 ,AL?\< ORIG9AT+ FROM V]Y DIFF]5T SOCIOECONOMIC REALITIES1 ! PROBLEMS FROM RAMPANT REAL E/ATE SPECULATION & ! LACK ( PUBLIC H\S+ =CES PEOPLE TO USE EMPTY BUILD+S AS A PREC>I\S ALT]NATIVE TO SOCIAL H\S+4 ,! BASIC DIFF]5CE IS ?AT A SQUAT IS AN EMPTY BUILD+ US$ AS COMMON SPACE TO CLAIM SOCIAL RI<TS4 ,WE REF] TO OCCUPI$ BUILD+S AS A PRACTICE ) ! DIRECT PURPOSE ( US+ A BUILD+ AS A DWELL+1 & AFT]W>DS DEVELOP+ O!R CLAIMS4 

,!SE DIFF]5T =MS ( OCCUPATION1 SQUAT & OCCUPY1 >E ALT]NATIVES TO ACCESS ! USE ( SPACE1 & CLAIM ! RI<T TO H\S+ & ! RI<T TO ! CITY4 ,! PH5OM5ON ( OCCUPATION ( EMPTY BUILD+S IS ! DIRECT RESPONSE TO ! REPRODUCTION ( 0EXCEPTIONS0 & LACK ( ACCESS CAUS$ BY REAL E/ATE SPECULATION & URBAN SPRAWL 9 L>GE METROPOLISES4 ,WE CONSID] OCCUPY+ ! PUBLIC SPACE AS ONE MORE FACE ( ! SQUAT & OCCUPY MOVEM5TS4 ,TO ILLU/RATE IT1 WE PO9T \T ?AT ! 0RECLAIM ! /REET0 9 ,LONDON & ! 0,OCUPA ,M9C10 HELD 9 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO 9 #b#a#f1 >E DEM&S ?AT1 BESIDES ! RI<T TO H\S+1 PRES5T$ GUIDEL9ES ON URBAN SOCIAL RI<TS & ! RI<TS TO CITIES4 ,ALL =MS ( OCCUPATION CONTRADICT ! T5ETS ( ! NEOLIB]AL & COMMODIFI$ CITY 7,H>VEY1 #b#e74 

,! EM]G5CE ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS ?AT USE OCCUPATION OR SQUAT AS A MEANS TO CLAIM ! USE VALUE ( BUILD+S IS A PROCESS ) P>ALLEL 9/ANCES & HI/ORICAL EVOLUTIONS BETWE5 ! TWO C\NTRIES4 ,FROM ! EM]G5CE ( ! FIR/ 0,C5TROS ,SOCIALES ,OKUPADOS0 7,SQUATT$ ,SOCIAL ,C5T]S71 9 ,SPA9 9 ! LATE #gS 7,G>DA1 ,M>T9EZ1 #b#a#d71 ?R\< ! 0,MOVIM5TO ,NACIONAL DE ,LUTA PELA ,MORADIA0 .<,NATIONAL ,MOVEM5T = ,H\S+ ,/RUGGLE.> 7,M,N,L,M71 9ITIAT$ 9 ! MA9 ,BRAZILIAN CAPITALS 9 ! E>LY #a#i#hS 7,M>T9S1 #b#a#a71 ?IS ME?OD ( REACTION AGA9/ ! SPECULATIVE LOGIC ( ! REAL E/ATE M>KET HAS BE5 9CREAS+ UNTIL TODAY4 

,! SQUATS MOVEM5T IS DIFF]5T FROM H\S+ MOVEM5TS1 & ESS5TIALLY QUE/IONS ! BEHAVIOR E/ABLI%$ BY ! LANGUAGE ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY & PROPOSES ANO!R LANGUAGE1 AN ALT]NATIVE LANGUAGE TO CONSUM] BEHAVIOR1 PRES5T+ O!R P]CEPTIONS & COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS = EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,! SQUATS PROPOSALS RESEMBLE MANY O!R PROPOSALS BR\<T BY O!R MOVEM5TS1 SU* AS ! MOVEM5T ( OCCUPATION ( REAL E/ATE 9 C5TRAL >EAS &1 ESPECIALLY1 ! PR9CIPLE ( AUTONOM\S SOCIETY4 ,WE OBS]VE ! AFF9ITY ( ! SQUATS MOVEM5T ) ! PR9CIPLE ( AUTONOMY 9 ITS MO/ FUNDAM5TAL ASPECT3 ! CONF]5CE ( AUTONOMY TO ! SUBJECTS ?R\< ! PASSAGE ( KN[L$GE ?AT CONF]S ! POSSIBILITY ( DISC]NM5T & CRITICISM1 FUNDAM5TAL FACTORS = A SELF-MANAG$ SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 AS PROPOS$ BY DIFF]5T K9DS ( SQUATT]S4 ,! SQUATT] PHILOSOPHY IS NOT AN EXCLUSIVE CLAIM TO ! PROCESS ( G5TRIFICATION & MA9T5ANCE ( ! LOCAL POPULATION ( A NEI<BORHOOD1 BUT A CLAIM AGA9/ ! K9D ( SEGREGATION PRODUC$ BY NEOLIB]AL ECONOMIC LOGIC1 :I* PUTS ! CAPITAL & EX*ANGE VALUE V>IABLE ABOVE ! VALUE ( USE & ALL O!R V>IABLES ( ! SOCIAL LIFE EQUATION4 

,! 9T]E/ ( ! SQUATS MOVEM5T IS NOT TO BECOME ! DOM9ANT LANGUAGE1 IT IS TO 5C\RAGE PEOPLE TO DECIDE ON !IR [N REALITY4 ,! MOVEM5T ORGANIZES ITS ACTION AS AN OP5 SY/EM--ONE ?AT SEEKS TO MODIFY ! P]=MANCE ( ! SUBJECTS 9 SOCIETY T[>DS SOCIAL TRANS=MATION4 ,9 ,SPA91 ! L9KS BETWE5 OCCUPATION & SQUATT+ IS A TRADITIONAL DI*OTOMY1 ID5TIFI$ BY ! T]MS 0OKUPA0 & 0OCUPA0 7,BOGADO1 #b#a#a74 ,! FIR/ OCCUPY BUILD+S MA9LY AS A TOOL TO E/ABLI% SOCIAL C5T]S1 :I* >E OP5 TO ! NEI<BORHOOD1 9 C5TRAL & P]IPH]AL >EAS TO V9DICATE ! COMMON USE ( ! BUILD+S & ! CITY4 ,! SECOND REF]S TO H\S+ SQUATS US$ MA9LY AS A %ELT] TO IMPOV]I%$ POPULATIONS 7,MANZANO1 #b#a#e71 FREQU5TLY OP5$ OR SUPPORT$ BY POPUL> H\S+ SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,9 ,BRAZIL1 AL?\< SQUATT$ SOCIAL C5T]S ALSO EXI/1 MO/ ( ! SQUATT+ 9ITIATIVES >E H\S+ OCCUPATIONS1 COMP>ABLE ) ! ,SPANI% 0OCUPA0 H\SES1 US+ EMPTY BUILD+S1 AS A PRAGMATIC H\S+ SOLUTION & CLAIM = ! RI<T TO ! CITY4 

,FAC+ ! ALREADY DESCRIB$ SPECULATIVE LOGIC1 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS HAVE ACQUIR$1 9 ! LA/ YE>S1 A D\BLE ROLE4 ,FIR/LY1 !Y CON/ITUTE PLAT=MS = ! EXPRESSION ( DISCONT5T & PRESSURE TO *ANGE ! REGULATORY FRAMEWORK4 ,! FI<T = ! ,URBAN ,RE=M1 ! CONTROL ( CAPITALI/ URBAN LOGICS 9 ! ,BRAZILIAN CASE1 & ! DEM&S = MODIFY+ ! ,LAW ,AGA9/ ,EVICTIONS 9 ,SPA91 HAVE BE5 CONVEY$ BY SOCIAL MOVEM5TS & >E P>T ( ! CURR5T POLITICAL DEBATE 9 BO? C\NTRIES1 FI<T+ ! LOCAL CONSEQU5CES ( ! GLOBAL-F9ANCIAL ECONOMY4 ,MOREOV]1 IT PRES5TS DISOB$I5T RES\RCES & PRACTICES TO CIRCUMV5T ! MODEL DICTAT$ BY ! !ORY ( CONSUMPTION1 OR 0TYRANNY ( MONEY 9 ITS PURE /ATE10 ACCORD+ TO ,BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPH] ,MILTON ,SANTOS 7#b#a#c74 

,SECONDLY1 SECTORS ( !SE SAME MOVEM5TS 9 BO? C\NTRIES PROMOTE1 SUPPORT & ORGANIZE COLLECTIVE OCCUPATIONS AS A TEMPOR>Y SOLUTION = FAMILIES )\T RES\RCES4 ,9 ! FACE ( MILITANT SQUATT+1 :I* DEVELOPS SQUATT$ SOCIAL C5T]S FREQU5TLY OP5 TO CITIZ5%IP1 0COLLECTIVE OCCUPATIONS0 W\LD BE G5]ALIZ$ AS A DIRECT & PRAGMATIC ACTION :OSE /UDY IS /ILL EMBRYONIC4 

,! ,/RUGGLE = ,H\S+ 9 ,SPA9 

,9 ,SPA91 ! *RONIFICATION ( ! 0CRISIS0 9 ! POPUL> CLASSES & ! DESP]ATE SITUATION ( MANY FAMILIES PROVOK$ A POPUL> REACTION1 BO? 9 ,MADRID & ! :OLE ( ! ,/ATE4 ,IT TOOK %APE UND] SEV]AL H\S+ RI<TS 9ITIATIVES--,LA ,CORRALA 9 ,SEVILLE1 ! #a#e,M GR\PS ( H\S+ &1 MA9LY1 ,PLATA=MA DE ,AFECTADOS DE LA ,HIPOTECA .<,AFFECT$ BY ! ,MORTGAGE ,PLAT=M.> 7,P,A,H74 ,ORIG9ALLY BORN 9 ,B>CELONA1 9 ! SAME DAYS ?AT GAVE RISE TO ! MOVEM5T ( #ae ,MAY #b#a#a1 ?IS MOVEM5T TOOK PLACE 9 A DEC5TRALIZ$ WAY1 SPREAD+ RAPIDLY ?R\<\T ,SPA94 ,! PLAT=M IS BAS$ ON MUTUAL LEGAL & PSY*OLOGICAL ASSI/ANCE AMONG ITS MEMB]S4 ,! EXP]I5CE ( OLD] MEMB]S1 HAV+ LE>N$ ALL ! LEGAL ME*ANISMS & PASSIVE RESI/ANCE TE*NIQUES TO /OP AN EVICTION1 ALL[S IT TO 9CORPORATE NEW MEMB]S4 ,! ,P,A,H ALSO ORGANIZES AN OCCUPATION MOVEM5T CALL$ ! 0,OBRA ,SOCIAL0 7,SOCIAL ,WORK74.<#d#e.> ,HEIR TO ! PROTE/+ TRADITION ( MILITANT SQUATS1 ! OKUPA MOVEM5T 7,M>T9EZ1 #b#b71 & BAS$ ON SQUATS D$ICAT$ EXCLUSIVELY TO H\S+1 ! 0,SOCIAL ,WORK0 ( ! ,P,A,H PROMOTES ! USE ( BUILD+S [N$ BY ! F9ANCIAL SECTOR1 & KEPT EMPTY = SPECULATIVE REASONS4 ,!IR APPROPRIATION MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO PUBLICIZE !IR DEM&S = LEGISLATIVE *ANGE & TO NEGOTIATE 0SOCIAL R5TALS0 FROM A /RONG POSITION :5 !Y CONFRONT ! F9ANCIAL [N]S4 

,SPANI% OCCUPATIONS >E G5]ALLY UND]TAK5 BY FAMILIES WEAK5$ BY ! CRISIS1 P]HAPS FAC+ =ECLOSURES OR CLAIMS = ! NONPAYM5T ( R5T4 ,SPANI% LEGISLATION MAKES IT DIFFICULT TO EXPEL SQUATT] FAMILIES AFT] #dh H\RS FOLL[+ !IR 5TRANCE 9TO AN EMPTY BUILD+1 ) LONG JUDICIAL PROC$URES1 (T5 MORE ?AN ONE YE>1 PRODUC+ A 0LEGAL LIMBO40 ,?IS ALL[S A L>GE NUMB] ( PREC>I\S PEOPLE TO LIVE 9 H\S+ SQUATS1 EV5 ?\< !Y MAY P]IODICALLY NE$ TO *ANGE H\SES4 ,9 CONTRA/1 ,P,A,H 0,SOCIAL ,WORK0 FI<TS = FAMILIES TO /AY P]MAN5TLY 9 H\SES & BUILD+S BELONG+ TO BANKS 0RESCU$0 BY ! ,SPANI% /ATE1 OR ! ,S,>,E,B1.<#d#f.> ! NATIONAL 0BAD BANK10 ?AT PUR*AS$--) PUBLIC MONEY--UNPR(ITABLE H\SES & BUILD+S = ! F9ANCIAL & REAL E/ATE SECTORS4 

,= ?IS PURPOSE1 ACTIVI/S PROMOTE TWO TYPES ( SQUATS3 9DIVIDUAL & COLLECTIVE4 ,9DIVIDUAL SQUATS BEG9 ) ! 5TRY ( A FAMILY 9TO AN EMPTY DWELL+1 SUPPORT$ 9 ?IS CASE BY ONE OR MORE ACTIVI/S4 ,ONCE H\S$1 H[EV]1 IT IS RELATIVELY 9DEP5D5T ( ! ,P,A,H ASSEMBLY1 BE+ SUPPORT$ 9 P>TICUL> AT ! LEGAL LEVEL4 ,P,A,H ALSO HELPS TO REGULATE 9DIVIDUAL SQUATS OP5$ BY 9DIVIDUALS1 AS LONG AS !Y >E H\S$ 9 BANK PROP]TIES 7PREVI\SLY CLE>$ \T AFT] EVICT+ A FAMILY ?AT WAS UNABLE TO CONT9UE PAY+ !IR MORTGAGE74 ,COLLECTIVE SQUATS >E DIRECTLY OP5$ BY EXP]I5C$ MEMB]S ( ! ,P,A,H & S]VE AS A HOME TO H\SEHOLDS 9 NE$ ( EM]G5CY %ELT]4 ,! BUILD+S OCCUPI$ >E (T5 SMALL1 & G5]ALLY ! SELECTION ( C&IDATES REQUIRES PREVI\S ASSEMBLY WORK TO PREP>E ! 5TRANCE & CREATE COMMON L9KS1 MAK+ EASI] ! ADAPTATION ( H\SEHOLDS TO !IR 
NEW LIFE 9 ! COLLECTIVE SQUAT4 ,9VOLV+ NEI<BORS IS A KEY ELEM5T TO AVOID AN E>LY D5UNCIATION1 R$UC+ 5ORM\SLY ! RISK ( EVICTION4 ,SYMPA?Y T[>DS ,P,A,H 9 ! M$IA ALSO M9IMIZES ! RISK ( EXPULSION4 

,! ,SOCIAL ,H\S+ ,MOVEM5TS 9 ,BRAZIL 

,9 ,BRAZIL1 MOVEM5TS SU* AS ! ,M,N,L,M.<#d#g.> & ! ,M,T,/ 7,MOVEM5T ( ,HOMELESS ,WORK]S71.<#d#h.> FREQU5TLY OCCUPY EMPTY BUILD+S LOCAT$ 9 C5TRAL >EAS4 ,AN IMPORTANT AM\NT ( ORGANIZATIONAL WORK IS USUALLY NE$$ TO COPE ) ! CREATION ( COLLECTIVE 9FRA/RUCTURES )9 ! H\S+ COMPLEXES1 SU* AS G>D5S1 LIBR>IES1 S\P KIT*5S1 ETC41 & TO DEAL ) EXT]NAL RISKS SU* AS POLICE ACTION & 9FILTRATIONS4 

,9 ?IS C\NTRY1 ! OCCUPY PH5OM5ON HAS /R5G!N$1 MULTIPLI$ & GA9$ MORE VISIBILITY FROM ! V>I\S 9ITIATIVES & =MS ( OCCUPATION C>RI$ \T OV] REC5T YE>S4 ,FAC$ ) ! 9/ITUTIONAL BILLS APPROV$ BY ! CURR5T PRESID5T1 ,MI*EL ,TEM] 7#b#a#f--#b#a#h71 & ! RETREAT ( ! SOCIAL RI<TS !Y IMPLY1 ! V>I\S MANIFE/ATIONS & =MS ( OCCUPATION HAVE BECOME FUNDAM5TAL POLITICAL ACTIONS 7E4G4 ! OCCUPI$ S*OOLS MOVEM5T74 ,! EPISODE 0,OCCUPY ,M9C0 /&S \T AS A SYMBOL ( PLURALIZATION AMONG ! OCCUPATION =MS & IS RESPONSIBLE = SPREAD+ ! PHRASE 0,=A ,TEM]0 ?R\<\T ,BRAZIL4 

,MOVEM5TS ( OCCUPATION ( EMPTY BUILD+S 9 ,BRAZIL >E OPPOS$ TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! REAL E/ATE M>KET & SEEK TO PROVIDE ACCESS TO H\S+ = ALL AS AN UNIV]SAL RI<T4 ,OPPOS+ ! IDEA ( H\S+ AS A COMMODITY1 OCCUPY+ EMPTY BUILD+S 9 C5TRAL >EAS1 9 ADDITION TO PROMOT+ AW>5ESS-RAIS+ ACTIVITIES4 ,! ,NATIONAL ,MOVEM5T = ,H\S+1 ! ,M,N,L,M1 & ! ,M,T,/ DEM& OBS]VATION ( ,>TICLE #f ( ! ,BRAZILIAN ,CON/ITUTION1 :I* E/ABLI%ES H\S+ AS A SOCIAL RI<T4 ,MOREOV]1 !Y REPRES5T ! PROTE/ = ! RI<T TO LIVE & 5JOY ! CITY4 ,! SLOGAN ( ! MOVEM5T1 EXPRESSES ! GOV]NM5T'S DISREG>D = H\S+ PROVISION3 0,IF LIV+ IS A RI<T1 OCCUPY+ IS A DUTY10 JU/IFY+ CIVIL DISOB$I5CE = ! EX]CISE ( ! SOCIAL FUNCTION ( PROP]TY4 ,! ,M,N,L,M ORGANIZ$ ITSELF AS AN 5TITY 9 ! P]IOD ( ! PROMULGATION ( ! ,F$]AL ,CON/ITUTION1 AL?\< PREVI\SLY ITS F\ND]S ALREADY MILITAT$ 9 ! ,NATIONAL ,MOVEM5T = ,URBAN ,RE=M 7,M,N,R,U74 ,BE=E ! MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP 9 ,BRAZIL 7#a#i#f#d--#a#i#h#e71 ! MILITANTS ( ! /RUGGLE = URBAN & AGR>IAN RE=M W]E L9K$ TO ! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR* 7,S\ZA1 #b#i74 ,! ,C5TRAL DE ,MOVIM5TOS ,POPUL>ES 7,C,M,P71 TOGE!R ) ! ,M,N,L,M1 L9K$ TO DISCUSSION =UMS & DEBATES PROMOT+ POPUL> MOBILIZATION TO OCCUPY PUBLIC BUILD+S 7,S\ZA1 #b#i74 

,! ,C,M,P1 :I* IS NATIONAL 9 SCOPE & OP]ATES 9 SEV]AL >EAS1 SELECTS AB&ON$ PUBLIC BUILD+S AVAILABLE = OCCUPATION1 AL?\< !Y ALSO ORGANIZE ! OCCUPATION ( PRIVATE PROP]TIES 9DEBT$ TO ! MUNICIPALITY4 ,!SE DEBTS SOMETIMES EXCE$ ! VALUE ( ! PROP]TY1 & 
9 SOME SITUATIONS BELONG TO ! ,/ATE 7,S\ZA1 #b#i74 ,! LACK ( PUBLIC COMMITM5T TO H\S+ IS ! TRIGG] = ! ACTION ( SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 :I* >BITR>ILY 5=CE ! RI<TS DESCRIB$ 9 ! ,CON/ITUTION4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS ACTION IS SEV]ELY REPRESS$ BY ! POLICE4 ,9 ATTEMPT+ TO EVICT FAMILIES & DISMANTLE ! MOVEM5T ! AU?ORITIES CUT ! ELECTRICITY & WAT] SUPPLIES & ?REAT5 MEMB]S4 ,! OCCUPATION MOVEM5TS 9 ,BRAZIL ACT AGA9/ ! ADVANCE ( REAL E/ATE SPECULATION 9 ! C5TRAL L&S1 & REPRES5T A RADICAL R\TE ( ACTION ( RE-APPROPRIATION ( ! CITY ?R\< CIVIL DISOB$I5CE4 ,! EXI/5CE ( 9NUM]ABLE ORGANIZ$ OCCUPATIONS 9 ! METROPOLITAN URBAN C5T]S1 MA9LY 9 ! S\!A/ ( ! C\NTRY1 TE/IFIES TO ! REPRES5TATIV5ESS ( ! MOVEM5TS 9 ! /RUGGLE = REALIZ+ ! RI<T TO H\S+4 ,OCCUPY MOVEM5TS EX]T SIGNIFICANT PRESSURE ON GOV]NM5TS TO 5=CE ! RI<T TO ! CITY1 AL?\<1 9 REC5T YE>S1 /ATE ACTION HAS FOCUS$ MORE ON EVICT+ FAMILIES ?AN ON REGULAT+ OCCUPI$ H\S+4 ,?IS CONDUCT ( ! ,/ATE IS DIRECTLY RELAT$ TO C]TA9 MEGA-EV5TS--! ,WORLD ,CUP1 #bad & ! #baf ,OLYMPICS--& ) ! TR\BL$ POLITICAL SC5>IO ) ! APPO9TM5T ( ! C\NTRY'S PRESID5T )\T ELECTIONS1 ACCOMPANI$ BY MEASURES ?AT PRIORITIZE 9DIVIDUAL 9T]E/S TO ! DETRIM5T ( PUBLIC & COLLECTIVE 9T]E/S4 

,A ,TRANSNATIONAL ,COMP>ISON BETWE5 ,BRAZILIAN & ,SPANI% ,PRACTICES ( ,OCCUPATION & ,SQUATT+ 

,AN 9-DEP? COMP>ISON ( /RUGGLES = ! RI<T TO H\S+ 9 ,BRAZIL & ,SPA9 IS A PROJECT /ILL TO BE C>RI$ \T4 ,H[EV]1 WE CAN PO9T TO SOME S*EMATIC SIMIL>ITIES & DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ,BRAZILIAN & ,SPANI% SQUATS4 ,PR$OM9ANTLY ORGANIZ$ OR RELAT$ TO H\S+ MOVEM5TS1 BUT ALSO 9=MALLY EXECUT$ BY 9DIVIDUALS1 9 BO? C\NTRIES SQUATT+ & OCCUPATIONS >E A PRAGMATIC ANSW] TO ! SPECULATIVE DYNAMICS ?AT HAVE PRODUC$ EMPTY BUILD+S4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 9HABITANTS CLAIM !IR RI<TS TO ! CITY4 ,US$ AS A TOOL ( H>D NEGOTIATIONS1 9 BO? C\NTRIES SQUATS & OCCUPI$ BUILD+S >E 9HABIT$ = SEV]AL YE>S1 ) FEW EXPULSIONS4 

,SOME DIFF]5CES1 H[EV]1 CAN BE PO9T$ \T4 ,FIR/LY1 ! K9D ( BUILD+S US$ & !IR [N]%IP *>ACT]I/ICS4 ,SPANI% H\S+ OCCUPATIONS US$ TO BE ( A SMALL SIZE1 RE-US+ EMPTY RESID5TIAL BUILD+S [N$ BY ! F9ANCIAL SECTOR1 MA9LY 9 P]IPH]AL >EAS1 TO PROVIDE 9DIVIDUAL FLATS4 ,BRAZILIAN H\S+ SOCIAL MOVEM5TS FREQU5TLY OCCUPY MU* BIGG] BUILD+S1 USUALLY RECONFIGUR+ ! SPACES TO PROVIDE 9DIVIDUAL AP>TM5TS1 BUT ALSO 9/ALL+ BASIC 9FRA/RUCTURE & CREAT+ COMMON SPACES ( COLLECTIVE MANAGEM5T4 

,SECONDLY1 ! ORIG9 ( POPULATIONS PRES5TS SOME DIFF]5CES4 ,:ILE ! ,SPANI% H\S+ SQUATS PROVIDE S+LE FLATS TO IMPOV]I%$ POPULATIONS DUE TO ! ECONOMIC CRISIS1 ! ,BRAZILIAN EQUIVAL5TS H\SE HI/ORICALLY DISADVANTAG$ & PREC>I\S POPULATIONS1 ) A MORE %>$ IDEOLOGICAL 
BACKGR\ND ?AN ! ,SPANI% ONES4 ,?IRDLY1 !SE K9DS ( SOCIAL 9ITIATIVES1 L9K$ TO ! ,P,A,H MOVEM5T1 SEEM TO 5JOY HUGE POPUL> SUPPORT 9 ,SPA94 ,9 ,BRAZIL1 ! 9=MAL OCCUPATION ( H\S+ HAS HI/ORICALLY BE5 SUBJECT TO /IGMA 7,GONSALVES1 #b#a#b7 &1 S9CE >\ND #b#a#c1 EVICTIONS ACCOMPANI$ BY /IGMATA HAVE ACC5TUAT$--MA9LY DUR+ SPORTS MEGA-EV5TS1 :5 9APPROPRIATE H\S+ PRACTICES W]E CONSCI\SLY L9K$1 BY AU?ORITIES & ! PRIVATE SECTOR1 TO M>G9AL POPULATIONS4 

,! ,BRAZILIAN & ,SPANI% LEGAL FRAMES >E ALSO DIFF]5T4 ,9 ,SPA91 !RE IS NO 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ REGULATION TO ALL[ SQUATS OR OCCUPATIONS TO OBTA9 A LONG-T]M RI<T TO OCCUPY EMPTY BUILD+S1 BE+ AN OBJECT ( CASE-BY-CASE NEGOTIATIONS ) PUBLIC AU?ORITIES & BUILD+ [N]S4 ,! ,SPANI% 0OKUPA0 MOVEM5T1 :OSE MOTTO IS 0UN DESALOJO1 OTRA OCUPACION0 7ONE EVICTION1 A NEW SQUAT7 IS BAS$ ON A CONT9U\S PROCESS ( EVICTION-- RESETTLEM5T4 ,! 0OCUPA0 PRACTICES1 NOT RELAT$ TO H\S+ MOVEM5TS1 >E F\ND$ 9 A SITUATION ( HI< PREC>ITY & 9HABITANTS >E ABLE TO /AY JU/ A FEW MON?S 9 !IR OCCUPI$ H\SES--! TIME NE$$ TO GET A NEW EVICTION C\RT ORD]4 ,AL?\< LACK+ EMPIRICAL EVID5CE1 WE E/IMATE ?AT A HUGE POPULATION IS CURR5TLY MOV+ ?R\< ! EMPTY REAL E/ATE H\S+ /OCK1 9 A CONT9U\S PROCESS ( FI<T+ = SURVIVAL 7,MANZANO1 #b#a#e74 

,9 ,BRAZIL1 DIFF]5T LEGISLATION1 SU* AS ! 0,CITY ,/ATUTE0 7,E/ATUTO DA ,CIDADE7 & ! 0USUCAPIAO0 LAW1 ALL[ = ! REGUL>IZATION ( 9DIVIDUAL & COLLECTIVE OCCUPATIONS AFT] SOME YE>S ( PACIFIC1 GOODWILL USE ( AB&ON$ BUILD+S & L&S4 ,9 ! LA/ YE>S1 PROGRAMS SU* AS 0,M,C,M,V ,5TIDADES0 HAVE PROVID$ PUBLIC FUNDS TO H\S+ MOVEM5TS1 ALL[+ ! R5OVATION ( OCCUPI$ BUILD+S 9 COLLABORATION ) >*ITECTS4 ,DESPITE !SE LEGAL ADVANCEM5TS 9 RELATION TO ! RI<T TO H\S+1 !RE IS /ILL MU* TO BE IMPROV$1 AS %[N BY ! FREQU5T EVICTIONS ( ORGANIZ$ OCCUPATIONS4 

,CONCLUSION3 ,T[>DS AN ,9T]NATIONALIZATION ( ,URBAN ,SOCIAL ,MOVEM5TS 

,CONSID]+ ?IS COMP>ATIVE ANALYSIS1 WE BELIEVE ?AT ! POPUL> ANSW]S TO SPECULATIVE PROCESSES 9 BO? C\NTRIES >E CONV]G5T4 ,9 SPITE ( CULTURAL DIFF]5CES--& ! DIFF]5T POSITIONS AT ! CORE & P]IPH]Y ( ! GLOBAL ECONOMIC SY/EM--GLOBAL CAPITALI/ ME*ANICS HAVE /RONGLY RE9VIGORAT$ ! 0H\S+ PROBLEM0 9 DIFF]5T CONTEXTS4 ,! ACCUMULATION BY DISPOSSESSION PROCESS 7,H>VEY1 #b#e7 HAS1 9 BO? ,BRAZIL & ,SPA91 9DUC$ MASSIVE =C$ EVICTIONS1 /R5G!N+ ! FEEL+ ( PLUND] & A G5]ALIZ$ F9ANCIAL 0REVAN*ISM0 7,SMI?1 #b#a#b74 ,AS A CONSEQU5CE1 ! RISE ( URBAN SOCIAL MOVEM5TS HAS BE5 OBS]V$1 CON/ITUT+ OR SUPPORT+ AUTONOM\S H\S+ ALT]NATIVES4 ,! MOTTO 0PEOPLE )\T H\SES1 H\SES )\T PEOPLE0 IS EQUALLY VALID & US$ AS A CLAIM ON BO? SIDES ( ! ,ATLANTIC4 

,! CONSOLIDATION ( COMMUNITIES G5]AT$ BY SOCIAL MOVEM5TS IS NOT )\T DIFFICULTIES4 ,AL?\< ! HI/ORICAL TRAJECTORIES & ! SOCIAL REALITY ( BO? C\NTRIES >E V]Y DIFF]5T1 ! COMP>ISON ( ! RESPECTIVE PROCESSES ( F9ANCIALIZATION1 & ! SOCIAL REACTIONS ?AT HAVE EM]G$ FROM IT1 9VITE US TO PROPOSE ! EXI/5CE ( A CONV]G5CE PROCESS1 BO? 9 ! COMMODIFICATION ( POPUL> URBAN >EAS & 9 ! RESPONSES ( SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 

,ON ! ONE H&1 F9ANCIAL CAPITAL USES ! URBAN SPACE AS AN OBJECT ( *ANGE1 ?R\< SPECULATIVE 9VE/M5T1 ATTACK+ LOCAL POPULATIONS ?AT W\LD NOT B5EFIT 9 ANY WAY FROM !SE GLOBAL 9VE/M5T TRANSF]S4 ,?IS MAKES ! 0H\S+ PROBLEM0 7,5GELS1 #ahgb .<#a#i#i#g.>7 REAPPE> ) =CE1 9 CONTEXTS *>ACT]IZ$ BY 5ORM\S URBAN & REAL E/ATE GR[?4 ,! PROCESSES ( UNCONTROLL$ REAL E/ATE VALUATION C>RI$ \T 9 BO? C\NTRIES1 SU* AS ! BEG9N+ ( A CRISIS ( EXTREME CONSEQU5CES1 CURR5TLY SUFF]$ 9 ,BRAZIL SEV5 YE>S AFT] ! />T ( ! CRISIS 9 ,SPA91 9 #b#h1 C\LD BE P>T ( ! SAME PROCESS ( VIOL5T GLOBAL 9VE/M5T--DIVE/M5T C>RI$ \T A FEW YE>S AP>T4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ! SOCIAL /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! PROCESS ( F9ANCIALIZATION ( H\S+ & URBAN MANAGEM5T1 CONCRETIZ$ BY ! OCCUPY & SQUATT+ 9ITIATIVES1 %>E COMMON ELEM5TS 9 NOR!RN & S\!RN GLOBAL CONTEXTS1 EXEMPLIFI$ 9 ! CASES ( ,BRAZIL & ,SPA94 ,! FACT ?AT ! /RUGGLE = ! RI<T TO ! CITY & TO H\S+ HAS EM]G$ ) =CE 9 BO? C\NTRIES VALIDATES ! HYPO!SIS ( ! EM]G5CE ( AUTONOM\S1 SELF-REGULAT$ SPACES ?AT OV]FL[ ! REGULATION FRAMES & REAL E/ATE LOGIC ( CAPITAL GA9S4 ,?US1 !SE MOVEM5TS >E ATTACK+ ! CORE ( ! GLOBAL1 F9ANCIAL ACCUMULATION PROCESS ) ! ]UPTION ( POPUL> SOLID>ITIES BY APPROPRIAT+ EMPTY BUILD+S4 

,OCCUPY+ & SQUATT+ 9S]T ALT]NATIVE WAYS ( URBAN LIFE 7,CA/ELLS1 ,C>AGA ET ,C>DOSO1 #b#a#b71 :I* ALL[ POPULATIONS EXCLUD$ FROM ! RI<T TO ! CITY TO BECOME /RONG & RECONQU] IT4 ,9 ?AT S5SE1 OCCUPY+ & SQUATT+ PRACTICES >E DIRECTLY ROOT$ 9 ! ORIG9AL S5SE ( ,LEFEBVRE'S ,RI<T TO ! ,CITY4 ,AS ,S\ZA 7#b#a7 PO9TS \T1 ! ORIG9AL S5SE ( ! RI<T TO ! CITY GOES F> BEYOND ! FI<T AGA9/ ! MA9 MANIFE/ATIONS ( ! NEOLIB]AL URBAN ECONOMY1 R$UC+ ! AM\NT ( 0HORROR0 ( ITS LOGICS TO A 0TOL]ABLE LEVEL40 ,! ,LEFEBVRIAN PURPOSE WAS NOT A FI<T AGA9/ ! SUP]FICIAL CONSEQU5CES ( A CAPITALI/ M>KET1 BUT TO SUPPORT A DEEP TRANSGRESSION ( ! URBAN & SY/EMIC LOGIC1 F\ND$ 9 A SUBALT]N REAPPROPRIATION ( ! CITY4 ,! COMMON APPROPRIATION ( PUBLIC SPACES & BUILD+S IS MAT]IALIZ$ BY A L>GE RANGE ( PRACTICES1 NOT ONLY 9 \R CASES ( /UDY1 BUT 9 V]Y DIFF]5T C\NTRIES4 ,?IS CON/ITUTES A HI/ORICAL POPUL> & MIDDLE CLASS REACTION AGA9/ ! DRAMATIC CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION ( ! CITY4 

,! CURR5T 9CREASE ( SUCCESSFUL SQUATT+ & OCCUPY EXP]I5CES1 & ! AW>5ESS ( ! POPULATION ( ! NE$ TO BUILD A DEMOCRATIC APPROPRIATION ( EMPTY BUILD+S1 IS CURR5TLY UND] ?REAT BY ! RISE ( CONS]VATIVE =CES1 BO? 9 ,BRAZIL & 9 ,SPA94 ,H[EV]1 ! CURR5T RE9=CEM5T ( REPRESSIVE LEGAL FRAMES AGA9/ SELF-ORGANIZ$ H\S+ 9ITIATIVES1 )\T PROVID+ PUBLIC H\S+ ALT]NATIVES1 IS NOT SU/A9ABLE = ! HEGEMONIC P[]S BECAUSE1 AS HI/ORY %[$ US 7,LEONTID\1 #a#i#i2 ,AGUIL]A1 #b#a#g7 PEOPLE NE$ H\SES1 & !Y WILL ORGANIZE TO OBTA9 !M4 

,REF]5CES 

,AGAMB51 ,G4 #b#e4 ,HOMO ,SAC]4 ,SOV]EIGN ,P[] & ,BA] ,LIFE4 ,/AN=D3 ,UNIV]SITY PRESS4 

,AGAMB51 ,G4 #b#a#d4 ,O AMIGO @& ,O QUE E UM DISPOSITIVO4 ,*APECO3 ,$ITORA ,>GOS4 

,AGUIL]A1 ,F4 & ,N>$O1 ,J4 #b#i4 ,9T]ESY CONTEXTO DEL TEMA TRATADO4 ,ECONOM@5A1 POD] Y MEGAPROYECTOS4 ,MADRID3 ,CROMOIMAG5 ,S4,L41 PP4#a#c-#a#h4 

,AGUIL]A1 ,T4 #b#a#g4 ,G\V]N] LES ILLEGALISMES URBA9S4 ,LES POLITIQUES PUBLIQUES FACE AUX SQUATS ET AUX BIDONVILLES DANS LES REGIONS DE ,P>IS ET DE ,MADRID4 ,P>IS3 ,DALLOZ4 ,AGUIL]A1 ,T4 & ,SM>T1 ,A4 #b#a#f4 ,SQUATT+ ,NOR?1 ,S\? & ,TURNAB\T3 ,A ,DIALOGUE ,COMP>+ ,ILLEGAL ,H\S+ ,RESE>*4 ,9 ,PUBLIC ,GOODS VS ,ECONOMIC ,9T]E/S3 ,GLOBAL ,P]SPECTIVES ON ! ,HI/ORY ( ,SQUATT+4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,R\TLEGDE4 ,BOGADO1 ,D4 #b#a#g4 ,EL 0,MUSEU DAS ,REM(DES0 DE LA ,VILA ,AUTODROMO4 ,POT5CIA DE RESI/5CIA CREATIVA Y AFECTIVA COMO RESPUE/A SOCIOCULTURAL AL ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO DE LOS MEGAEV5TOS4 ,PH4,D4 !SIS4 ,UNIV]SIDAD DE ,SEVILLA4 

,BOGADO1 ,D4 #b#a#a4 ,MOVIM5TO ,OKUPA3 ,RESI/5CIA E AUTONOMIA NA OCUPAFAO DE IMOVEIS NAS >EAS URBANAS C5TRAIS4 ,MA/] !SIS4 ,U,F,F4 

,B\RDIEU1 ,P4 #a#i#g#g4 ,SUR LE ,P\VOIR ,SYMBOLIQUE4 ,ANNALES1 #c#b7#c71 PP4#d#e-#d#a#a4 ,B\RDIEU1 ,P4 #a#i#i#f4 ,RA.0OES ,PRATICAS3 SOBRE A TEORIA DA AFAO4 ,CAMP9AS3 ,PAPIRUS4 ,B\RDIEU1 ,P4 #a#i#g#d4 ,A ,ECONOMIA DAS ,TROCAS ,SIMBOLICAS4 ,SAO ,PAULO3 ,P]SPECTIVA4 ,BU5O1 ,L4 #b#h4 ,=MA E S5TIDO DA RESI/5CIA NA CIDADE DO ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO4 ,MA/] !SIS4 ,9/ITUTO DE ,PESQUISA E ,PLANEJAM5TO ,URBANO1 ,UNIV]SIDADE ,F$]AL DE ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO4 

,CA/ELLS1 ,M41 ,C>AGA ,J4 & ,C>DOSO ,G4 #b#a#b4 ,AFT]MA?4 ,! ,CULTURES ( ! ,ECONOMICS ,CRISIS4 ,OX=D3 ,\,P ,OX=D4 

,DEBORD1 ,G4 #a#i#f#i4 ,A SOCI$ADE DO ESPETACULO4 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO3 ,CONTRAPONTO4 

,DIAZ ,P>RA ,I4 & ,SOLANAS ,DOM+UEZ1 ,M4 #b#a#e4 ,DE AQUEL CEM5TO E/OS LODOS4 ,VIVI5DA1 DESAHUCIOS Y OKUPACION 5 LA CRISIS ESPANOLA4 ,S]VICIOS ,SOCIALESY ,PO,MTICA ,SOCIAL41 #a#h1 PP4#a#a-#a#b4 

,5GELS1 ,F4 #ahgb 7#a#i#i#g74 ,! H\S+ QUE/ION4 ,LONDON3 ,PROGRESS ,PUBLI%]S4 ,]5SU1 ,S4 & ,K>AMAN1 ,O4 #b#a#g4 ,! ,WORK ( A ,FEW ,TREES3 ,GEZI1 ,POLITICS & ,SPACE4 ,9T]NATIONAL ,J\RNAL ( ,URBAN & ,REGIONAL ,RESE>*1 #d7#a71 PP4#a#i-#c#f4 ,FAULHAB]1 ,L4 & ,AZEV$O1 ,L4 #b#a#e4 ,S,M,H #b#a#f3 ,REM(OES NO ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO ,OLMPICO4 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO3 ,MORULA ,$ITORIAL4 

,DIANA ,BOGADO1 ,NOEL ,MANZANO & ,M>TA ,SOLANAS 

,GONGALVES ,SO>ES1 ,R4 #b#h4 ,O DEBATE JURIDICO EM TORNO DA URBANIZAGAO DE FAVELAS NO ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO4 ,REVI/A ,9T]NACIONAL DE ,DIREITO E ,CIDADANIA1 #b1 PP4#a#c#i-#a#d#h4 

,GONGALVES ,SO>ES1 ,R4 #b#a#c4 ,FAVELAS DO ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO3 ,HI/ORIA E ,DIREITO4 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO3 ,PALLAS_/,P,U,C--,RIO4 

,H>VEY1 ,D4 #a#i#h#e4 ,! URBANIZATION ( CAPITAL4 ,OX=D3 ,BASIL ,BLACKWELL4 

,H>VEY1 ,D4 #b#a#a4 ,A CONDIFAOPOS-MOD]NA4 ,SAO ,PAULO3 ,LOYOLA4 

,H>VEY1 ,D4 #b#e4 ,A PRODUFAO CAPITALI/A DO ESPAP4 ,SAO ,PAULO3 ,ANNABLUME4 ,LEFEBVRE1 ,H4 #bi 7#a#i#f#h74 ,LE ,DROIT A LA VILLE4 ,P>IS3 ,AN?ROPOS4 

,LEONTID\1 ,L4 #a#i#i4 ,! ,M$IT]RANEAN CITY 9 TRANSITION4 ,SOCIAL *ANGE & URBAN DEVELOPM5T4 ,CAMBRIDGE1 ,M,A3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS4 

,LOGAN1 ,J4,R4 & ,MOLOT*1 ,H4,L4 #a#i#h#g1 ,URBAN =TUNES3 ,! POLITICAL ECONOMY ( PLACE4 ,B]KELEY3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA ,PRESS4 

,MA*ADO ,M>T9S1 ,M4 #b#a#a4 ,LES 0COPROPRIETES POPULAIRES0 DE L,AV5IDA ,BRAZIL3 ETUDE D'UNE N\VELLE =ME D'HABITAT 9=MEL A ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO DANS LES ANNEES #b4 ,PH4,D4 !SIS4 ,UNIV]SITE ,P>IS--,E/2 ,PR\RB--,UNIV]SIDADE ,F$]AL DE ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO4 

,MAM>I1 ,F4 #b#h4 ,SE MOR> E UM DIREITO1 OCUP> E UM DEV]63 ,AS OCUPAPES DE SEM-TETO NA METROPOLE DO ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO4 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO1 ,UNIV]SIDADE ,F$]AL DO ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO4 

,MANZANO1 ,N4,A4 #b#a#e4 ,CASAS S9 G5TE1 G5TE S9 CASAS3 F9ANCI>ISATION URBA9E ET APPROPRIATION D'IMMEUBLES DANS LA N\VELLE P]IPH]IE MADRIL5E4 ,MA/] !SIS4 ,UNIV]SIDAD ,P>IS #h4 

,M>ICATO1 ,E4 #b#h4 ,BRAZIL1 CIDADES3 ALT]NATIVAS P>A A CRISE URBANA4 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO3 ,$ITORIAL ,PETROPOLIS4 

,M>T9EZ1 ,M4 & ,B]N>DOS ,A4 #b#a#d4 ,OKUPA ,MADRID 7#a#i#h#e--#b#a#a74 ,MEMORIA1 REFLEXION1 DEBATE Y AUTOGE/ION COLECTIVA DEL CONOCIMI5TO4 ,SEM9>IO DE ,HI/ORIA ,PO,KTICA Y ,SOCIAL DE LAS ,OKUPACIONES 5 ,MADRID--,METROPOLIS1 ,DIAGONAL4 ,MOVIMI5TO &ALUZ POR EL D]E*O A LA VIVI5DA #b#a#c4 ,DECL>ATION DEL E/ADO DE EM]G5CIA HABITACIONAL4 .<,ONL9E.>4 .<,ACCESS$ #bb ,SEPTEMB] #b#a#h.>4 ,AVAILABLE FROM3 
HTTPS3_/_/GRANADA/OPDESAHUCIOS4FILES4WORDPRESS4COM_/#b#a#c_/#d_/EM]G5CIA-HABITACIONAL-/OP-DESAHUCIOS-#a#eM-GRANADA-#a4PDF 

,OBS]VATORIO ,METROPOLITANO #b#a#c4 ,PAISAJES DEVA/ADOS4 ,DESPUES DEL CICLO 9MOBILI>IO3 ,IMPACTOS REGIONALES Y URBANOS DE LAS CRISIS4 ,MADRID3 ,TRAFICANTES DE ,SU5OS4 

,P,A,H #b#a#c4 ,EM]G5CIA HABITACIONAL 5 EL E/ADO ESPANOL4 .<,ONL9E.>4 .<,ACCESS$ #bb ,SEPTEMB] #b#a#h.>4 ,AVAILABLE FROM3 HTTP3_/_/AFECTADOSPORLAHIPOTECA4COM_/WP-CONT5T_/UPLOADS_/#b#a#c_/#a#b_/#b#a#c-,EM]G5CIA-,HABITACIONAL.-,E/ADO.-,ESPANYOLDEF4PDF 

,P,A,H #b#a#f4 ,! ,P,A,H',S ,GRE5 ,BOOK4 .<,ONL9E.>4 .<,ACCESS$ #bb ,SEPTEMB] #b#a#h.>4 ,AVAILABLE FROM3 
HTTP3_/_/AFECTADOSPORLAHIPOTECA4COM_/WP-CONT5T_/UPLOADS_/#b#a#f_/#f_/,GRE5,BOOK-,P,A,H-#b#aJUNY4PDF ,ROLNIK1 ,R4 #b#i4 ,REPORT ( ! ,SPECIAL ,RAPPORTEUR ON ADEQUATE H\S+ AS A COMPON5T ( ! RI<T TO AN ADEQUATE /&>D ( LIV+1 & ON ! RI<T TO NONDISCRIM9ATION 9 ?IS CONTEXT4 ,G5EVA3 ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY4 ,ROLNIK1 ,R4 #b#a4 ,OLIMPADA E ,COPA TRAZEMPREJMZP SOCIAL4 .<,ONL9E.>4 .<,ACCESS$ #bb ,SEPTEMB] #b#a#h.>4 ,AVAILABLE FROM3 HTTP3_/_/RAQUELROLNIK4WORDPRESS4COM 

,ROLNIK1 ,R4 #b#a#c4 ,A REGIAO PORTU>IA DO ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO4 .<,ONL9E.>4 .<,ACCESS$ #bb ,SEPTEMB] #b#a#h.>4 ,AVAILABLE FROM3 
HTTP3_/_/RAQUELROLNIK4WORDPRESS4COM_/#b#a#a_/#f_/#a#c_/PORTO-M>AVILHA-CU/OS-PUBLICOS-E-B5EFICIOS-PRIVADOS_/ 

,ROLNIK1 ,R4 #b#a#f4 ,A ,GU]RA DOS ,LUG>ES3 ,A COLONIZAFAO DA T]RA E DA MORADIA NA ]A DAS ,J9ANFAS4 ,SAO ,PAULO3 ,BOITEMPO4 

,SANTOS1 ,M4 #a#i#i#f4 ,A URBANIZAFAO BRASILEIRA4 ,SAO ,PAULO3 ,H,U,C,I,T,E,C4 

,SANTOS1 ,M4 #b#a#c4 ,POR UMA \TRA GLOBALI.0A8AO3 ,DO P5SAM5TO UNICO A CONSCI5CIA UNIV]SAL4 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO3 ,RECORD4 

,SASS51 ,S4 #b#a4 ,! GLOBAL CITY3 ,NEW YORK1 ,LONDON1 ,TOKYO4 ,PR9CETON3 ,PR9CETON ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS4 

,SMI?1 ,N4 #b#f4 ,A G5TRIFICAGAO G5]ALIZADA3 DE UMA ANOMALIA LOCAL A REG5]AGAO URBANA COMO E/RATEGIA URBANA GLOBAL4 ,93 ,BID\-,ZA*>IAS51 ,C4 ,DE VOLTA A CIDADE4 ,SAO ,PAULO3 ,ANNABLUME4 

,SMI?1 ,N4 #b#a#b4 ,LA NUEVA FRONT]A URBANA4 ,CIUDAD REVAN*I/A Y G5TRI,JICACI#fN4 ,MADRID3 ,TRAFICANTES DE ,SU5OS4 

,SOLANAS1 ,M4 #b#a#f4 ,LAS COOP]ATIVAS DE VIVI5DAS URUGUAYAS COMO SI/EMA DEPRODUCCI#fN SOCIAL DEL HABITAT Y LA AUTOGE/I#fN DE B>RIOS4 ,!SIS4 ,UNIV]SIDAD ,PABLO DE ,OLAVIDE4 

,SOLANAS1 ,M4 #b#a#d4 ,LA ,CORRALA ,UTOPIA ABRE PU]TAS4 ,93 ,PROCESOS HABITADOS ,LAS >QUITECTURAS 5 LAS QUE VIVE EL OTRO #iP] C5T4 ,UNIV]SIDADE DA ,CORUNA1 PP4#f-#f#c4 ,SOLANAS1 ,M4 #b#a#d4 ,&ALUDA HACE CAM9O3 OCUPACIONES POPUL>ES Y RESPUE/A 9/ITUCIONAL4 ,DE LAS ,CORRALAS A LA ,LEY DE ,FUNCION ,SOCIAL DE LA ,VIVI5DA4 ,93 ,MA?IVET1 ,C4 $4 J,LA TI]RA ES NUE/RA6 ,POR LA FUNCION SOCIAL DE LA TI]RA Y LA VIVI5DA4 ,RESI/5CIA Y ALT]NATIVAS4 ,P>IS3 ,COLECCION ,PASS]ELLE1 ,COR$EM1 PP4#a#g-#a#g#e4 

,SOLANAS1 ,M4 & ,LORA1 ,M4 #b#a#d4 ,VIVI5DA Y ORGANIZACION POPUL>4 ,DE LA CRISIS 9/ITUCIONAL A LA UTOPIA4 ,VIVI5DA ,POPUL>-1 #b#e1 PP4#i-#i#i4 

,S\SA ,SANTOS1 ,B4 #b#d4 ,O FUTURO DO ,=UM ,SOCIAL ,MUNDIAL3 O TRABALHO DA TRADUGAO4 ,REVI/A DEL ,OBS]VATORIO ,SOCIAL DE ,AM]ICA ,LAT9A1 #a#e1 PP4#g#g-#i4 

,S\SA ,SANTOS1 ,B4 #b#a4 ,P>A DESCOLONIZ> ,OCCID5TE4 ,MAS ALLA DEL P5SAMI5TO ABISMAL4 ,BU5OS ,AIRES3 ,C,L,A,C,S,O1 ,PROMETEO ,LIBROS4 

,S\ZA1 ,M4 ,L4 DE4 #b4 ,A PROBLEMATICA S#fCIO-ESPACIAL NAS METR#fPOLES BRASILEIRAS3 O DESAFIO METROPOLITANO4 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO3 ,B]TR& ,BRAZIL4 

,S\ZA1 ,M4 ,L4 DE4 #b#a4 ,:I* RI<T TO :I* CITY8 ,9 DEF5SE ( POLITICAL--/RATEGIC CL>ITY4 ,9T]FACE3 A J\RNAL = & AB\T SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 #b7#a71 #c#a#e-#c#c#c4 

,DIANA ,BOGADO1 ,NOEL ,MANZANO & ,M>TA ,SOLANAS 

,S\ZA1 ,T4 ,R4 #b#h4 ,OCUPA@5AO DE $IFICIOSPUBLICOS4 ,TRABALHO ,F9AL DE GRADUAGAO1 

,NIT]OI3 ,U,F,F--,UNIV]SIDADE ,F$]AL ,FLUM95SE4 

,TRIPP1 ,D4 #b#e4 0,PESQUISA-AGAO3 UMA 9TRODUGAO METODOLOGICA0 ,$UCAFAO E 
,PESQUISA1 #c#a7#c71 PP4#d#d#c-#d#f#f4 

,NOTES 
,RI<TS ,BEG9 9 ! ,SMALL ,PLACES ,CLOSE/ TO ,HOME3 ,A ,/ORY FROM ,CON/ITUTION ,/REET 

,JEMMA ,NEVILLE 

,I LIVE ON ,CON/ITUTION ,/REET 9 ! ,LEI? >EA ( ,$9BUR<1 NOR!A/ ,SCOTL&1 ,UNIT$ ,K+DOM4 ,MAYBE Y\ KN[ ! /REET1 MAYBE Y\ DON'T4 ,?AT DOESN'T P>TICUL>LY MATT] = ! PURPOSE ( ! /ORY ,I WANT TO %>E ) Y\4 ,= C]TA91 Y\ WILL KN[ ANO!R /REET WELL4 ,MAYBE IT'S ! /REET :]E Y\ LIVE OR WORK 9 Y\R P>T ( ! WORLD4 ,Y\R /REET TOO WILL LIKELY HAVE A BEG9N+1 MIDDLE1 & AN 5D1 LIKE ALL /REETS & ALL /ORIES DO4 ,ONE /REET AMONG MANY /REETS 9 ! CITY4 ,A WEE /ORY )9 ANO!R WEE /ORY1 AS WE W\LD SAY H]E 9 ,SCOTL&4 ,HE> ME TO ! 5D ( ! ROAD4 

,:]E TO BEG9 ! /ORY8 ,/ORIES >E AB\T HOSPITALITY1 AB\T ! GIV+ & RECEIV+ ( EXP]I5CE1 SO ,I'LL BEG9 ) A WELCOME4 ,MAKE Y\RSELF RI<T AT HOME4 ,WE'VE HE>D A LOT ON ?IS /REET & /REETS UP & D[N ,SCOTL&1 & ! ,U,K1 AB\T \R DIFF]5CES ( LATE4 ,! ,YES & ! ,NO4 ,! ,LEAVE & ! ,REMA94 ,! !M & ! US4 ,B9>Y POSITIONS 9 REF]5DUMS4 ,SOME NEI<BORS DISPLAY$ PO/]S 9 !IR W9D[S4 ,O!RS CLOS$ ! CURTA9S4 ,SOME SANG PROTE/ SONGS OR WROTE PLAYS4 ,SOME FELT ANXI\S4 ,SOME FELT EXCIT$4 ,IT IS TIME = NEW CONV]SATIONS & NEW WAYS ( CONSID]+ ! DI/RIBUTION ( P[]1 L& & RES\RCES4 

,IF IT S\NDS A REVOLUTION>Y SORT ( A PLACE ?AT'S BECAUSE IT IS4 ,OR IT ONCE WAS1 :AT ) A NAME LIKE ,CON/ITUTION ,/REET1 BUILT 9 ! LATE EI<TE5? C5TURY AMID ! RADICAL ?9K+ ( ! ,SCOTTI% ,5LI<T5M5T & ! OV]?R[ ( MON>*IES ELSE:]E 9 ! WORLD4 ,Y\ MAY KN[ ?\< ?AT ! ,U,K DOESN'T HAVE A WRITT5 CON/ITUTION4 ,RA!R1 !RE >E CON/ITUTIONAL CONV5TIONS & PR9CIPLES BAS$ ON CASE LAW DEVELOP$ OV] C5TURIES4 ,!RE IS AN ONGO+ DEBATE AMONG LEGAL S*OL>S AB\T :E!R OR NOT IT IS TIME TO WRITE A CON/ITUTION TO BETT] SAFEGU>D ! C\NTRY AGA9/ EXCESSIVE EXECUTIVE P[]1 P>TICUL>LY 9 LI<T ( ! ,U,K LEAV+ ! ,EUROPEAN ,UNION & ITS SAFEGU>DS REG>DS EMPLOYM5T1 SOCIAL SECURITY & 5VIRONM5TAL LAW4 ,SOME CONSID] :E!R ,SCOTL&1 AS A DEVOLV$ NATION )9 ! ,U,K1 OR P]HAPS AS AN 9DEP5D5T C\NTRY ( ITS [N ONE DAY1 C\LD DRAFT A WRITT5 CON/ITUTION BAS$ ON A HUMAN RI<TS FRAMEWORK4 

,! ,UNIV]SAL ,DECL>ATION ( ,HUMAN ,RI<TS1 ADOPT$ 9 #a#i#d#h1 IS ! MO/ REVOLUTION>Y DOCUM5T ( ! 9T]NATIONAL HUMAN RI<TS FRAMEWORK4 ,IT IS H>D TO IMAG9E ! 9T]NATIONAL COMMUNITY ( NATIONS 9 ! PRES5T DAY AGREE+ TO RESPECT1 PROMOTE & PROTECT SOCIAL1 ECONOMIC & CULTURAL RI<TS ALONG ) CIVIL & POLITICAL RI<TS4 ,HEAD ( ! DRAFT+ COMMITTEE = ! ,DECL>ATION1 ,ELEANOR ,ROOSEVELT1 FAM\SLY REM>K$ ?AT HUMAN RI<TS BEG9 9 ! SMALL PLACES CLOSE/ TO HOME4 ,SO SMALL & SO CLOSE ?AT !Y CANNOT BE SE5 FROM ANY WORLD MAP4 ,!Y >E ! F>MY>D1 ! 
FACTORY1 ! PLAYGR\ND & ! COMMUNITY G>D54 ,LIKE ! NEI<BORS LIV+ SIDE BY SIDE AS A NEI<BORHOOD COMMUNITY ON A /REET1 HUMAN RI<TS >E UNIV]SAL1 9DIVISIBLE1 9T]DEP5D5T & MU/ BE 9T]PRET$ = ! CONTEXT ( ! TIMES 9 :I* WE >E LIV+4 

,! ECONOMIC1 HUMAN & 5VIRONM5TAL WRECKAGE 9 ! WORLD WE LIVE 9 TODAY HAS %AP$ AN AGE ( ANXIETY 9 ?IS1 A LIM9AL L&4 ,LIM9AL TIMES & PLACES >E ?OSE ?AT >E 9-BETWE51 9 TRANSITION1 ON A ?RE%OLD ( *ANGE4 ,& ! ANXIETY RESULT+ FROM LIM9AL TIMES & PLACES CAN MAKE US S5SITIVE & CURI\S AB\T \RSELVES1 MAK+ US WANT TO SE>* \T NEW WAYS ( BE+ & DO+ 9 ! WORLD4 ,9 SE>* ( !SE NEW WAYS1 ,I SET \T ON A LONG WALK ALONG MY /REET 9 ! CITY ( ,$9BUR<4 ,I WANT$ TO F9D ! COMMON GR\ND ?AT OV]RIDES DIVISION & DIFF]5CE4 

,I BEGAN ! LONG WALK BY 9T]VIEW+ SOME ( MY NEI<BORS & LOCAL BUS9ESS [N]S AB\T !IR LIV$ EXP]I5CES ( ! RI<TS TO HEAL?1 H\S+1 $UCATION1 CULTURE1 FOOD1 ! 5VIRONM5T & SO ON4 ,MY 0ME?ODOLOGY0 BEGAN ) RECORD$ CONV]SATIONS ) ?OSE NEI<BORS ,I KN[ WELL & !N ,I ASK$ EA* ( !M TO RECOMM5D SOMEONE NEW ?AT ,I %\LD SPEAK TO4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 ! CONV]SATIONS RIPPL$ \TW>D 9 CONC5TRIC CIRCLES LIKE EV]YDAY HUMAN CONTACT DOES1 RA!R ?AN FOLL[+ ANY L9E> /RUCTURE LIKE ! *RONOLOGICAL ADDRESSES ( A /REET4 ,MY 9T]VIEW CONS5T =MS W]E APPROV$ BY AN ,$9BUR< ,UNIV]SITY RESE>* E?ICS COMMITTEE1 BUT FUNDAM5TALLY ! EXPLORATION RELIES ON TRU/ & IT WAS REALLY IMPORTANT TO ME ?AT P>TICIPANTS--MY NEI<BORS--W]E KEPT 9=M$ AB\T ! ,CON/ITUTION ,/REET LE>N+4 ,I HAVE 9VIT$ EV]YONE :O TOOK P>T TO A COMMUNAL MEAL TO SAY ?ANK Y\4 

,PEOPLE W]E NOT %Y 9 ! CONV]SATIONS & TALK$ TO ME = H\RS AB\T LOCAL HI/ORY & NEI<BORHOOD GOSSIP4 ,WE LAU<$ & CRI$4 ,!RE W]E CONFESSIONS AB\T H[ & :Y PEOPLE VOT$ 9 ! REC5T REF]5DA4 ,I !N ASK$ MY NEI<BORS TO IMAG9E ?AT1 AS RESID5TS ( ONE /REET 9 ONE CITY1 WE C\LD DRAFT A NEW WRITT5 CON/ITUTION BY1 =1 & ) \RSELVES AS RI<TS HOLD]S4 ,I ASK$ !M TO IMAG9E :AT RI<TS WE %\LD 9CLUDE4 ,PEOPLE SAID NO?+4 ,!IR FACES W]E BLANK4 ,I ELABORAT$ ) PROPS LIKE A P>*M5T SCROLL & QUOTES FROM O!R CON/ITUTIONS & HUMAN RI<TS DECL>ATIONS >\ND ! WORLD4 ,/ILL NO?+4 ,NEI<BORS COMPLA9$ ?AT IT ALL S\ND$ LIKE LEGALESE4 ,IT SEEM$ A BIT DRY & BOR+4 ,I NE$$ TO REFRAME ! QUE/ION4 ,I NE$$ TO GO 9 CLOSE & LOCAL & ASK AB\T H[ WE WANT TO LIVE TOGE!R 9 COMMON1 AB\T H[ WE PRACTICE ! OLD SAY+ ( LOVE ?Y NEI<BOR4 ,?IS IS LOVE 9 ITS TRUE MEAN+1 ) ACCEPTANCE ( VULN]ABILITY & FLAWS1 & AS A V]B1 A DO+-WORD4 

,I LOVE MY NEXT DOOR NEI<BOR1 ,FLORA4 ,%E IS T5 YE>S OLD4 ,AN 9-BETWE51 LIM9AL SORT ( AN AGE4 ,NOT QUITE AN ADULT & NO LONG] A Y\NG *ILD4 ,%E HAS LIV$ H] :OLE LIFE ON ,CON/ITUTION ,/REET4 ,H] MO!R1 A ,SCOTSWOMAN1 VOT$ ,NO TO ,SCOTTI% 9DEP5D5CE4 ,H] FA!R1 AN ,5GLI%MAN1 VOT$ ,YES4 
,!SE >E ! AMBIGUITIES & COMPLEXITIES ( \R MANY ID5TITIES %AP$ BY LIFE EXP]I5CE & ! PEOPLE WE MEET4 

,COME ) ME & ,FLORA TO AN ,AUTUMN DAY 9 \R COMMUNITY G>D5 NEXT TO ,CON/ITUTION ,/REET4 ,! G>D5 IS CALL$ ! ,COMMUNITY ,CR(T & IS ORGANIZ$ BY A GR\P ( LOCAL VOLUNTE]S4 ,CR(T IS AN 9T]E/+ OLD ,SCOTS WORD4 ,IT COMES FROM TRADITIONAL SETTLEM5TS OR SMALLHOLD+S :]E PEOPLE KEPT 5\< ANIMALS & GREW A FEW CROPS TO FE$ !IR [N FAMILY4 ,CR(TS HAVE A LITTLE BIT ( EV]Y?+4 ,5\< & NO MORE4 ,NO F5CES1 NO WALLS4 ,TRADITIONAL CR(T+ WAS H>D1 PHYSICAL WORK 9 A H>% CLIMATE & %\LDN'T BE OV]LY ROMANTICIZ$1 BUT ! PR9CIPLE ( GR[+ & %>+ /ILL HOLDS TRUE4 

,RI<T N[1 IT'S A ,SUNDAY MORN+ 9 ! FIR/ QU>T] ( ! TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY 9 PO/MOD]N1 PO/-REF]5DUM ,SCOTL&4 ,FLORA IS BL[+ ! SE$S FROM A D&ELION FL[]4 ,!SE >E ! WISPY /EMS MADE UP ( SMALL CIRCUL> FL[]S4 ,! NUMB] ( PUFFS IT TAKES TO SCATT] ALL ! PETALS IS A GAME SAID TO BE A WAY TO TELL ! TIME4 ,WE BO? HAVE \R BACKS PRESS$ FLAT ONTO PICNIC TABLE B5*ES & WE >E BL9K+ UP AT ! BIG1 %UFFL+ SKY4 ,AN UPSIDE D[N KALEIDOSCOPE ( K9ETIC COLOR & %APE4 ,! SEASON IS ONLY H9T+ AT ! *ANGES TO FOLL[4 ,! GRE5 FOLIAGE ( *E/NUT TREES %[S GLIMPSES ( RACY YELL[ & ORANGE AT !IR CORN]S--FRAY$1 DELICATE $GES :]E LEAVES WILL SOON DIS9TEGRATE1 FALL & L& AT \R FEET & 9 \R LAPS LIKE G>M5TS MADE ( ANTIQUE LACE ?AT HAVE %RUNK 9 ! WA%4 

,WE HAVE BE5 DAYDREAM+ = SOME TIME :5 ,I ASK ,FLORA IF %E HAS ANY HOMEWORK BE=E S*OOL ! NEXT DAY4 ,%E TELLS ME AB\T A REC5T S*OOL TRIP TO ! DEVOLV$ ,SCOTTI% ,P>LIAM5T TO LE>N AB\T ! SEP>ATION ( P[]S & AB\T ! SOCIAL CONTRACT4 ,%E & H] CLASSMATES HAVE BE5 TASK$ ) PREP>+ A %ORT PRES5TATION AB\T P[]4 ,I ASK H] :AT %E ?9KS AB\T ! COMMONS4 

,Y\ MEAN ! ,H\SE ( ,COMMONS8 

,NO4 ,! ,COMMONS4 ,AS 9 COMMUNITY4 ,%>+4 ,COMMON L& & P>TICIPATION & FOOD4 ,E/ABLI%+ A PATT]N ( ACTIVE P>TICIPATION & ASSEMBLY4 ,IT'S QUITE A H>D ?+ TO >TICULATE1 BUT Y\ KN[ IT :5 Y\ SEE IT4 ,IT'S :5 A GR\P ( PEOPLE %>E RES\RCES OR GOODS = A COMMON PURPOSE1 = ! B5EFIT ( ALL4 

,A RES\RCE8 

,A ?+4 ,LIKE1 LIKE--! SLIDE OV] !RE 9 ?IS G>D5 ?AT WE'RE SITT+ 9 IS A ?+4 ,IT'S A PLAY ?+4 

,MY BRO!R GOT A CLIMB+FRAME LA/ ,*RI/MAS & BECAUSE IT WAS A MU* BIGG]PRES5T ?AN ! ONE ,I GOT1 ,MOM & ,DAD SAY ?AT HE HAS TO LET ME HAVE A GO ON IT SOMETIMES4 

,WELL1 GOOD LUCK ) ?AT6 ,IMAG9E ?AT ! CLIMB+ FRAME HAS A SLIDE & SW+S & ?AT Y\ %>E IT EQUALLY ) ! O!R *ILDR5 ( ! /REET4 

,:O GETS TO GO D[N ! SLIDE FIR/8 

,?AT'S = Y\ TWO OR MORE TO NEGOTIATE & AGREE UPON4 

,:O ELSE IS H]E PLAY+8 

,]M4 ,IT'S JU/ A METAPHOR4 ,IMAG9E !RE >E ALL Y\R *ILDHOOD FRI5DS & NEI<BORS1 9CLUD+ SOME ?AT Y\ DON'T KN[ WELL BUT W\LD LIKE TO KN[4 ,IF SOMEONE GETS TIR$ OR IS UNWELL1 Y\ CAN HELP ONE ANO!R /AY SAFE ON ! CLIMB+ FRAME4 ,A TEAM GAME6 ,HOME GR\ND4 ,COMMON GR\ND4 ,COOP]ATION RA!R ?AN COMPETITION4 ,! CITY & ! WORLD ITSELF >E R\ND1 A SPH]E ?AT LOOKS LIKE A CIRCLE :5 DRAWN1 SO ALL ! /REETS EV5TUALLY JO9 UP4 ,!RE IS NO GA9 9 ALWAYS BE+ FIR/ ON ! SLIDE & LEAV+ O!RS BEH9D4 

,IT S\NDS FANCY4 ,CAN WE SELL IT TO SP5D ! MONEY ON O!R ?+S8 

,NO4 ,Y\ DON'T ACTUALLY [N ! CLIMB+ FRAME 9 ?AT S5SE4 

,BUT ,I ?\<T Y\ SAID ?AT IT WAS \RS8 

,YES1 IT IS4 ,UNTIL Y\ WANT TO PASS IT ONTO O!R *ILDR5 :5 Y\ GET BIGG] OR :ILE Y\'RE NOT US+ IT4 ,IT'S A PUBLIC AM5ITY1 NOT A PRIVATE WEAL?4 

,OK4 ,IS IT A RU/Y OLD ?+ OR BR& NEW8 

,IT C\LD BE EI!R BUT Y\'LL TAKE GOOD C>E ( IT SO ?AT IT LA/S A LONG TIME4 ,ONE ( Y\ CAN OIL ! BOLTS4 ,ANO!R PA9T ! FRAME4 ,& SO ON4 ,MAK+ USE ( DIFF]5T SKILL SETS & MAT]IALS4 ,A DYNAMIC MIX4 

,I'M /ILL NOT SURE IF MY BRO!R & ,I C\LD %>E ?AT WELL TOGE!R4 

,Y\'LL PROBABLY FALL \T4 ,SIBL+S USUALLY DO BECAUSE ( H[ Y\ KN[ & LOVE ONE ANO!R SO MU* ?AT IT CAN HURT4 ,Y\ MU/ AGREE BETWE5 Y\ H[ TO RESOLVE ANY DISPUTES & IF ONE ( Y\ %\LD DAMAGE ! CLIMB+ FRAME DELIB]ATELY OR /EAL P>T ( IT OR SOME?+ SO ?AT O!R *ILDR5 
,RI<TS ,BEG9 9 ! ,SMALL ,PLACES ,CLOSE/ TO ,HOME3 ,A ,/ORY FROM ,CON/ITUTION ,/REET 

CAN'T PLAY ON IT1 !RE WILL BE GRADUAT$ SANCTIONS ?AT Y\'VE AGRE$ TO ABIDE BY 9 ADVANCE4 ,IT'S ONE ( ,O/ROM'S PR9CIPLES = COMMON+4 

,O/ROM8 

,NOBEL ,PRIZE ,W9N] = ,ECONOMICS4 ,A SM>T WOMAN4 

,SEEMS COMMON S5SE4 

,EXACTLY4 

,BUT WILL IT BE SAFE TO PLAY ALONE 9 ! P>K & :AT AB\T :5 IT GETS D>K8 

,OK4 ,GOOD PO9TS4 ,ALL ( Y\ ?AT >E PLAY+ TOGE!R1 & ) ! SUPPORT ( ! CITY AU?ORITIES1 WILL AGREE SAFE LI<T+ & MAYBE RE/RICT C> P>K+ NE>BY4 ,IT'S Y\R RI<T TO PLAY4 ,& :5 Y\'RE HUNGRY1 MAYBE Y\ CAN ORGANIZE A PICNIC TOGE!R4 ,DID Y\ KN[ ?AT ! WORD COMPANION%IP COMES FROM ! ,LAT9 TO EAT BREAD8 ,EAT+ IS BE/ DONE 9 COMPANY4 

,& :5 Y\'RE \T PLAY+ ON ! CLIMB+ FRAME 9 ! P>K1 Y\ WILL SEE BIRDS & ANIMALS & PLANTS4 ,EV]Y?+ IS 9VOLV$ & 9T]CONNECT$4 ,)\T ! PLANTS1 ! TREES1 ! GRASS1 ! SE$S & SO ON1 !RE W\LD BE NO S(T GR\ND ON :I* TO L& FROM A JUMP1 NO WAT] TO DR9K :5 Y\ GET ?IR/Y AFT] PLAY+4 ,NO S\ND ( BIRDS S++ TO MAKE Y\R HE>T SO> & TO GUIDE Y\ HOME6 ,BUT Y\ KN[ ?IS /UFF4 ,IT'S EMPIRICAL NATURALISM4 

,:AT8 

,TRU/ ME4 ,Y\ ALREADY KN[ IT4 ,Y\'RE DO+ IT4 ,H]E1 N[1 9 ! G>D51 HAV+ ?IS CONV]SATION ) ME1 Y\R NEI<BOR4 ,IT'S SOCIAL ECOLOGY4 ,PEOPLE 9 NATURE4 ,BOOK*94 ,READ SOME ,MURRAY ,BOOK*94 ,I'VE GOT A BOOK FROM A CONF]5CE 9 ,GREECE4 ,HAVE ,I TOLD Y\ ALL AB\T ?AT8 ,9SPIR+ PEOPLE4 ,I'LL PASS ! BOOK ON :5 Y\'RE A BIT OLD]4 ,& !N ,I WANT Y\ TO PASS IT ONTO ANO!R NEI<BOR4 ,SO1 Y\ SEE1 COMMON+1 SOCIAL CONTRACTS1 P[]1 CON/ITUTIONS4 ,WE HAVE LOTS 9 COMMON ALREADY4 ,& ! P[] TO F9D \T MORE4 

,5D ( CONV]SATION1 BACK TO ! /REET G>D5 & ! QUIET OBS]VATION 9 COMMUNITY4 ,SMALL *ILDR5 >E HE>D /AMP+ \T AN ANGRY PA? BEH9D US 9 ! F> $GES ( ! ,COMMUNITY ,CR(T4 ,M9I /REET GODS1 !Y TE/ ! B\ND>IES BY WRE/L+ !N EMBRAC+ ONE ANO!R & QU>REL+ ONCE MORE1 FL++ L>GE H&FULS ( :AT ,>I/OTLE REF]R$ TO AS ORGANIC MATT] AT ONE ANO!R4 

,!RE IS A FRESCO HANG+ 9 ! ,VATICAN BY ! ,ITALIAN ,R5AISSANCE >TI/ ,RAPHAEL4 ,! FRESCO IS CALL$ ! ,S*OOL ( ,A!NS & DEPICTS ,PLATO & ,>I/OTLE 9 CONV]SATION AT ! C5T] ( A SEMI-CIRCLE FILL$ ) O!R ANCI5T ,GREEK PHILOSOPH]S4 ,PLATO IS CONC]N$ ) MATT]S SPIRITUAL & LOOKS UP T[>DS ! ,HEAV5S :ILE ,>I/OTLE CA/S HIS GAZE D[N TO ,E>?4 ,SITT+ AP>T FROM ! O!RS & APPE>+ TO DAYDREAM ) HIS HEAD RE/+ 9 HIS H&S IS ,H]ACLITUS4 ,HE IS BE/ KN[N AMONG CONTEMPOR>Y 5VIRONM5TALI/S = HIS 9SI/5CE ?AT NO ONE EV] /EPS 9TO ! SAME RIV] TWICE & ?AT ! PA? UP & ! PA? D[N >E ONE & ! SAME BECAUSE ( ! EV]-PRES5T FL[ ( NATURE4 

,! ,RAPHAEL FRESCO ALSO DEPICTS A P>ADOXICAL T5SION3 HUMANS >E 9TR9SICALLY P>T ( ! NATURAL WORLD--WE BREA! ! SAME AIR & EAT ! SAME PLANTS & ANIMALS AS \R FELL[ CREATURES1 BUT HUMANS HAVE ALSO DEVELOP$ ! REASON+ & TE*NOLOGICAL SKILLS ) :I* TO DEBATE ) ONE ANO!R 9 A SEMICIRCLE4 ,HUMANS >E BO? NATURAL & SOCIAL BE+S4 ,?IS IS :AT ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 REF]R$ TO AS \R SECOND NATURE4 

,! ,CR(T H]E IS COMMON GR\ND1 H>D-F\<T BY ! Y\NG FAMILIES ( ! NEI<BORHOOD4 ,UNLIKE O!R >EAS ( ,$9BUR<1 FEW ( \R FLATS HAVE COMMUNAL BACK G>D5S2 SU* WAS ! PRESSURE ON AVAILABLE L& = H\S+ DUR+ ! OV]CR[D+ ( ! ,LEI? >EA ( ,$9BUR< 9 ITS SEAF>+ HEYDAY :5 ! ,PORT WAS ! BUSIE/ 9 ,SCOTL& & ,CON/ITUTION ,/REET WAS FIR/ LAID \T 9 #a#g#i4 ,OLD MAPS FROM ! >*IVES ( ! ,NATIONAL ,LIBR>Y ( ,SCOTL& H9T AT M>KET G>D5S EXT5D+ FROM ! BACK ( ! ORIG9AL DWELL+S1 BUT TRACES ( !SE HAVE LONG S9CE BE5 REPLAC$ BY C> P>KS & BUDGET SUP]M>KET *A9S4 ,MORE ON ?AT ANO!R TIME4 

,H]E 5DS ONE WEE /ORY )9 ANO!R WEE /ORY4 ,Y\ >E WELCOME TO VISIT \R /REET ANYTIME1 BUT Y\ PROBABLY HAVE Y\R [N /REET 9 Y\R [N CITY TO BE GETT+ BACK TO4 ,\R /REETS & \R CITIES C\LD EV5 L9K UP & BECOME MORE /REETWISE6 ,MEAN:ILE1 ,I WILL BE HAV+ MORE CONV]SATIONS AB\T ! LIV$ EXP]I5CE ( HUMAN RI<TS 9 PRACTICE ON ,CON/ITUTION ,/REET4 ,RI<T H]E1 RI<T N[4 

,I HAVE TOLD ?IS LONG1 SORT ( CIRCUL>1 CONV]SATION TO BR+ TO M9D MY LE>N+ FROM ! ,T,R,I,S,E CONF]5CE 9 ,!SSALONIKI1 #b#a#g4 ,I LE>N$ ?AT ! COMMONS 9 ! CITY MI<T PROVIDE A WAY ?R\< ! WRECKAGE ( NATION/ATE POLITICS AT A TIME :5 NATIONAL BORD]S & REALPOLITIK IS LIMIT+ \R FULL POT5TIAL AS HUMAN BE+S TO LIVE 9 PEACEFUL1 SU/A9ABLE COMMUNITIES ) FULL RI<TS TO H\S+1 HEAL?1 ! 5VIRONM5T1 & SO ON4 ,I LE>N$ ?AT LOCAL1 ACTIVE P>TICIPATION IS :]E DEMOCRACY & ! MEAN+FUL DI/RIBUTION ( P[] CAN MO/ FL\RI%4 ,CONV]SATIONS ) ACTIVI/S & RESE>*]S FROM >\ND ! WORLD1 :O >E PASSIONATE AB\T ?IS & MORE1 FELT1 TO ME1 LIKE COM+ HOME4 

,BACK HOME 9 ! CITY ( ,$9BUR<1 ,I WILL CONT9UE TO WALK UP & D[N ,CON/ITUTION ,/REET EV]Y DAY1 PAY+ ATT5TION TO ! EXTRAORD9>Y DETAIL 9 \R ORD9>Y PLACES & 5C\NT]S SO ?AT ,I MI<T COME TO KN[ ! /REET1 MY NEI<BORS1 & 9DE$ MYSELF BETT]4 ,TO BE 9 CONV]SATION LIKE ?IS--CON/ANTLY NEGOTIAT+ \R B\ND>IES & REALIZ+ \R HUMAN RI<TS--IS A =M ( LIV+ CON/ITUTION4 

,NOTES ON ! ,CONTRIBUTORS 

,]CAN ,AYBOGA IS AN 5VIRONM5TAL 5G9E] & CO-F\ND] ( ! ,TATORT ,KURDI/AN ,CAMPAIGN 9 ,G]MANY = :I* HE CO-WROTE ! BOOK ,REVOLUTION 9 ,ROJAVA1 PUBLI%$ 9 SEV]AL LANGUAGES4 ,:ILE LIV+ 9 ,NOR? ,KURDI/AN HE CO-F\ND$ ! ,9ITIATIVE TO ,KEEP ,HASANKEYF ,ALIVE 9 #b#f1 A LONG-T]M CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! DE/RUCTIVE ,MEGA ,DAM ,ILISU ON ! ,TIGRIS ,RIV]4 ,]CAN IS ALSO 5GAG$ 9 ! ,MESOPOTAMIAN ,ECOLOGY ,MOVEM5T1 A SOCIAL MOVEM5T 9 ,NOR? ,KURDI/AN4 

,DIANA ,BOGADO IS >*ITECT & URBANI/ ACTIVI/1 & HAS RESE>*$ RI<TS TO H\S+ FROM AN ACTIVI/ EXP]I5CE 9 OCCUPATIONS & SQUATS 9 ,BRAZIL & ,SPA94 ,%E COMPLET$ H] DOCTORAL !SIS AT ,SEVILLE ,UNIV]SITY 7#b#a#b-- #b#a#g71 :ILE H] PR(ESSIONAL WORK RANGES FROM TEA*+ TO SCI5TIFIC RESE>*4 ,%E HAS COORD9AT$ COMMUNITY P>TICIPATORY PROJECTS 9 ,BRAZIL1 ESPECIALLY ! CON/RUCTION ( ! ,EVICTIONS ,MUSEUM 9 ! FAVELA ,VILA ,AUTODROMO1 9 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO1 & HAS BE5 5GAG$ 9 ! SOCIAL MOVEM5T 0,/OP ,DESPEJOS0 9 ,PORTUGAL4 ,%E HAS REC5TLY EMB>K$ ON PO/-DOCTORAL RESE>* ON ! RI<T TO H\S+ & ! ,RI<T TO ! ,CITY 9 ,C5TRO DE ,E/UDOS ,SOCIAIS DA ,UNIV]SIDADE DE ,COIMBRA1 7,C,E,S-,U,C71 #b#a#h--#b#a#i4 

,DANIEL ,*ODORK(F IS ! CO-F\ND] & =M] EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ( ! ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY 9 ,V]MONT4 ,= FIFTY YE>S N[1 HE HAS BE5 ACTIVELY COMMITT$ TO PROGRESSIVE URBAN & ECOLOGICAL MOVEM5TS4 ,*ODORK(F HAS A ,PH4,D4 9 CULTURAL AN?ROPOLOGY FROM ! ,NEW ,S*OOL = ,SOCIAL ,RESE>*1 & WAS A LONG-TIME FACULTY MEMB] AT ,GODD>D ,COLLEGE4 ,HE IS A LIFE-LONG ACTIVI/ LIV+ 9 ,NOR!RN ,V]MONT ) HIS WIFE & TWO DAU<T]S :]E HE G>D5S1 WRITES1 PLAYS H>MONICA1 & WORKS ON 5VIRONM5TAL JU/ICE ISSUES4 ,HIS ESSAYS ON SOCIAL ECOLOGY & COMMUNITY DEVELOPM5T HAVE BE5 PUBLI%$ UND] ! TITLE ,! ,AN?ROPOLOGY ( ,UTOPIA1 & HE IS ALSO AU?OR ( ! NOVEL ,LOISAIDA4 

,EMET ,DEGIRM5CI IS A LONG-T]M SOCIAL ECOLOGI/1 AN 9DEP5D5T RESE>*] 9 WOM5 & ECOLOGY1 A WRIT]1 SPEAK]1 TEA*]1 & =AG]1 A RE-9DIG5IZ+ & REWILD+ 5?USIA/1 & AN ECOLOGICAL F>M DESIGN]4 

,ELEANOR ,F9LEY IS A WRIT]1 SPEAK]1 ACTIVI/1 & ORGANIZ]4 ,=M] ,BO>D ,MEMB] AT ! ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY 7,I,S,E71 %E P>TICIPATES 9 V>I\S POPUL> $UCATION & ORGANIZ+ PROJECTS AB\T LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM4 ,ELEANOR IS ALSO A ,PH4,D4 ,/UD5T 9 AN?ROPOLOGY AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,MASSA*USETTS1 ,AMH]/4 ,H] RESE>* FOCUSES ON SOCIAL MOVEM5TS = POPUL> ASSEMBLIES 9 A COMP>ATIVE & TRANSNATIONAL P]SPECTIVE4 

,MAGALI ,FRICAUDET IS A ,FR5* ACTIVI/ 9VOLV$ 9 ANTI-GLOBALIZATION & ,RI<T TO ! ,CITY MOVEM5TS4 ,PR(ESSIONALLY1 %E IS A CIVIL S]VANT 9 *>GE ( LOCAL DEMOCRACY 9 A MUNICIPALITY 9 NOR!RN ,P>IS4 ,%E LIV$ 9 ,B>CELONA = ?REE YE>S1 9 *>GE ( COORD9AT+ AN 9T]NATIONAL NETWORK ( CITIES = ! ,RI<T TO ! ,CITY1 ,U,C,L,G ,COMMITTEE ( ,SOCIAL ,9CLUSION1 ,P>TICIPATORY ,DEMOCRACY1 & ,HUMAN ,RI<TS4 

,HAV9 ,GUNES] IS A ,KURDI% WRIT]1 J\RNALI/1 WOM5'S RI<TS ACTIVI/1 & A SPOKESP]SON = ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,9ITIATIVE ,FRE$OM = ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN--,PEACE 9 ,KURDI/AN4 ,%E IS ALSO A TRANSLATOR & PUBLI%] ( ! WORKS ( ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN -- ! LEAD+ FIGURE ( ! ,KURDI% LIB]ATION /RUGGLE IMPRISON$ BY ! ,TURKI% /ATE ON ,IMRALI ,ISL& S9CE #a#i#i#i4 

,MET9 ,GUV5 HAS1 S9CE ! #a#i#hS1 BE5 9VOLV$ 9 SOCIAL ECOLOGY GR\PS & O!R LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATIONS 9 ,TURKEY1 ,AU/RALIA1 ,NEW ,ZEAL&1 & ! ,U,S4 ,MET9 WAS ON ! $ITORIAL BO>D ( ! ,TURKI% SOCIAL ECOLOGY J\RNAL ,TOPLUMSAL ,EKOLOJI1 & HAS ALSO WRITT5 = NEWSPAP]S1 MAGAZ9ES1 & O!R J\RNALS4 

,!ODOROS ,K>YOTIS IS AN 9DEP5D5T RESE>*]1 TRANSLATOR & SOCIAL ACTIVI/ BAS$ 9 ,!SSALONIKI1 ,GREECE4 ,TRA9$ 9 SOCIOLOGY & SOCIAL AN?ROPOLOGY1 HE IS ACTIVE 9 GRASSROOTS MOVEM5TS PRACTIC+ DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 SOLID>ITY ECONOMY1 & ! DEF5SE & SELF-MANAGEM5T ( ! COMMONS4 ,HE HAS TRANSLAT$ MANY RELEVANT BOOKS & >TICLES1 & HE IS A REGUL> OP-$ CONTRIBUTOR TO RO>MAG4ORG 9 ,5GLI% & DIAGONALP]IODICO4NET 9 ,SPANI%4 ,HE IS ! COORD9ATOR ( WORK]SCONTROL4NET1 A MULTIL+UAL RES\RCE ON WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T1 & SITS ON ! ,ADVISORY ,C\NCIL ( ! ,TRANSNATIONAL ,9/ITUTE ( ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY4 

,NOEL ,MANZANO /UDI$ >*ITECTURE 9 ,SPA91 SOCIOLOGY 9 ,FRANCE1 & N[ URBAN PLANN+ 9 ,G]MANY = HIS ,PH4,D4 9 ! ,EUROPEAN ,JO9T ,DOCTORATE PROGRAM 0,URBAN,HI/40 ,AS AN >*ITECT1 HE HAS WORK$ ON URBAN PLANN+ & SOCIAL H\S+ PROJECTS 9 ,P>IS1 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO1 & ,B>CELONA4 ,AS A RESE>*]1 HE HAS /UDI$ ! CONFLICTS OV] PUBLIC SPACE & URBAN R5EWAL PROGRAMS ON ! P]IPH]Y ( ,P>IS1 ! SOCIAL H\S+ PRIVATIZATION & SQUATT+ DYNAMICS ( ,MADRID1 &1 CURR5TLY1 ! HI/ORY ( ,EUROPEAN 9=MAL URBANIZATION4 ,BETWE5 #bad & #b#a#e1 HE /UDI$ 9 ,LE,METRO1 ,LABORATORY ( ,METROPOLITAN ,E?NOGRAPHY ( ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO4 ,HE HAS P>TICIPAT$ 9 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS AS ! ,P,A,H 7! ,PLAT=M = ,VICTIMS ( ,MORTGAGES7 & REC5TLY HE COLLABORAT$ 9 ! BIR? ( ! ,S9DICAT DE ,LLOGAT]S 7,T5ANTS' ,UNION7 ( ,B>CELONA4 

,9ES ,MORALES IS A =E/ 5G9E]1 A SPECIALI/ 9 AGROECOLOGY & ORGANIC F>M+1 & HOLDS A ,PH4,D4 9 ,NATURAL ,RES\RCES & ,SU/A9ABLE ,MANAGEM5T4 ,H] MO/ REC5T RESE>* 9T]E/S >E SOCIAL REPRODUCTION1 FOOD POLITICS & URBAN /RUGGLES ) CASE /UDIES 9 ,MADRID1 ,A!NS1 ,LISBON & ,NAPLES4 ,CURR5TLY %E COLLABORATES ) ',SURCOS ,URBANOS'1 A PR(ESSIONAL 9ITIATIVE ?AT WORKS ON SU/A9ABLE URBANISM4 ,AS AN ACTIVI/1 %E HAS BE5 9VOLV$ 9 AUTONOM\S & AN>*I/S MOVEM5TS ACROSS ,EUROPE4 

,BRIAN ,MORRIS IS EM]ITUS PR(ESSOR ( AN?ROPOLOGY AT ,GOLDSMI?S ,COLLEGE AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,LONDON4 ,HE IS A SPECIALI/ ON FOLK TAXONOMY1 E?NOBOTANY & E?NOZOOLOGY1 & ON RELIGION & SYMBOLISM4 ,HE HAS C>RI$ \T FIELDWORK AMONG ,S\? ,ASIAN HUNT]-GA!R]S & 9 ,MALAWI4 ,HIS WRIT+S 9CLUDE ! BOOKS ,BAKUN93 ,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,FRE$OM 7#a#i#i#c71 ,! ,AN>*I/ ,GEOGRAPH]3 ,AN ,9TRODUCTION TO ! ,LIFE ( ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 7#b#a#b71 & ,PIONE]S ( ,ECOLOGICAL ,HUMANISM 7#b#a#b74 

,JEMMA ,NEVILLE HAS A BACKGR\ND 9 HUMAN RI<TS LAW & \TREA*4 ,H] FIR/ BOOK1 ,CON/ITUTION ,/REET1 EXPLORES A YE> 9 ! LIFE ( ONE /REET DUR+ CON/ITUTIONAL *ANGE & AN AGE ( ANXIETY 9 ,SCOTL& & ! ,U,K4 ,JEMMA IS ,DIRECTOR ( ,VOLUNT>Y ,>TS ,SCOTL&1 ! NATIONAL DEVELOPM5T AG5CY = COMMUNITY-L$ >TS4 ,%E WAS ! 9AUGURAL ,COMMUNITY ,FELL[ AT ! ,9/ITUTE ( ,ADVANC$ ,/UDIES 9 ,HUMANITIES1 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,$9BUR<1 & WAS %ORTLI/$ = ! ,GU>DIAN ,9T]NATIONAL ,DEVELOPM5T ,J\RNALISM ,AW>D4 

,EGIT ,PALE SP5T HIS *ILDHOOD 9 ,NOR? ,KURDI/AN1 & IS N[ A SURVEY 5G9E]4 ,HE WAS1 = MORE ?AN ?REE YE>S1 ON ! $ITORIAL TEAM ( ! ,I/ANBUL MAGAZ9E ,TOPLUM VE ,KURAM4 ,= SEV]AL YE>S ,EGIT HAS BE5 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,MESOPOTAMIA ,ECOLOGY ,MOVEM5T &1 S9CE #b#a#f1 HE HAS ALSO BE5 /RONGLY 5GAG$ 9 ! ,9ITIATIVE TO ,KEEP ,HASANKEYF ,ALIVE1 A CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! DE/RUCTIVE ,MEGA ,DAM ,ILISU ON ! ,TIGRIS ,RIV]4 

,ALEX&ROS ,S*ISM5OS E>N$ HIS ,PH4,D4 9 ,PHILOSOPHY FROM ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,IOANN9A 9 #b#a#g4 ,HE IS A MEMB] ( ! $ITORIAL TEAM ( ,BABYLONIA POLITICAL MAGAZ9E & HAS BE5 AN ACTIVE P>TICIPANT 9 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS S9CE #b4 ,HE IS ! AU?OR ( ?REE BOOKS & SEV]AL >TICLES PUBLI%$ 9 ,GREECE REG>D+ CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIAL ISSUES & POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY4 

,M>TA ,SOLANAS ,DOMMGUEZ WORKS AS A TEA*] 9 ,SECOND>Y ,$UCATION1 RESPONSIBLE = ,CO$UCATION1 AT ,9/ITUTO ,DIAMANT9O ,G>DA ,ACO/A1 ,SEVILLA4 ,%E /UDI$ >*ITECTURE AT ,UNIV]SIDAD DE ,SEVILLA1 ,SPA91 & 
F9I%$ H] ,PH4,D4 9 ,5VIRONM5TAL ,/UDIES1 ) A !SIS ON COOP]ATIVE H\S+ 9 ,URUGUAY AS A WAY ( SELF-MANAG+ NEI<BORHOODS 7#b#a#f1 ,U,P,O1 ,SEVILLA74 ,%E IS A MEMB] ( ! RESE>* GR\P ,E/RUCTURASY ,SI/EMAS ,T]RITORIALES 7,G,I,E,/71 ,UNIV]SIDAD DE ,SEVILLA4 ,%E P>TICIPATES AS A H\S+ RI<TS ACTIVI/ AT ,A,P,D,H-,&ALUDA 7,HUMAN ,RI<TS7 & IS ON ! $ITORIAL BO>D ( ! LOCAL J\RNAL ,EL ,TOPO TAB]N>IO4 

,OLLI ,TAMMILEHTO IS AN 9DEP5D5T RESE>*]1 WRIT] & ACTIVI/4 ,HE HAS PUBLI%$ T5 BOOKS AB\T GLOBAL SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL ISSUES 9CLUD+1 MO/ REC5TLY1 ,/OP ! ,PROGRESS ( ,DEVA/ATION----,! ,SOCIETAL ,PHASE ,%IFT 7,9TO ,PUBLI%]S1 ,HELS9KI #b#a#g71 9 ,F9NI%4 ,HE IS A FREQU5T CONTRIBUTOR TO V>I\S ,F9NI% MAGAZ9ES & J\RNALS ON GLOBAL ECOLOGY1 ON W> & PEACE1 & ON SOCIAL MOVEM5TS & RADICAL SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,9 HIS LECTURES ON 5VIRONM5TAL PHILOSOPHY 9 ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,HELS9KI DUR+ ! YE>S #a#i#i--#b#a HE EMPHASIZ$ ! APPROA* ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY4 ,= DECADES HE HAS BE5 ACTIVE 9 V>I\S 5VIRONM5TAL MOVEM5TS1 ESPECIALLY ! ANTI-NUCLE> MOVEM5T4 

,F$]ICO ,V5TUR9I IS AN 9DEP5D5T ACTIVI/-RESE>*]4 ,9 #b#a#f1 HE E>N$ HIS ,PH4,D4 AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,LE$S ON ! RELATIONS BETWE5 CONTEMPOR>Y CITIES & URBAN SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,HE HOLDS AN ,M4,PHIL4 FROM ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,TRIE/E1 AS WELL AS A MA/]'S DEGREE 9 ,HI/ORY & ,EUROPEAN ,CULTURE FROM ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,UD9E1 ,ITALY4 ,HE HAS BE5 A MEMB] ( ! ,ADVISORY ,BO>D ( ! ,TRANSNATIONAL ,9/ITUTE ( ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY S9CE #b#a#c1 & ! ,9T]NATIONAL IMRALI ,PEACE ,DELEGATION1 ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,E,U--,TURKEY ,CIVIC ,COMMISSION1 S9CE #b#a#f4 

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