,P>T #c ,! ,KURDI% ,ANSW]3 ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]LISM ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&ROS ,S*ISM5OS ,AU?OR 3 ,BRIAN ,MORRIS ,AU?OR 3 ,DAN ,*ODORK(F ,TEXT 3 ,P,>,T #c3 ,! ,KURDI% ,ANSW]3 ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]LISM ,! ,EVOLUTION ( ! ,KURDI% ,P>ADIGM ,HAV9 ,GUNES] ) ,ELEANOR ,F9LEY ,:AT SETS US AP>T AS HUMANS--ESPECIALLY ?OSE :O /RUGGLE = FRE$OM & REJECT 9JU/ICE1 9EQUALITY1 OPPRESSION1 & EXPLOITATION--IS \R IMAG9ATION4 ,WE CAN REFUSE TO ACCEPT ?AT :I* IS SIMPLY H&$ OV] TO US AS TRU?4 ,LET US BEG9 H]E 9 \R EXPLORATION ( ! J\RNEY ( ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE 9 !IR QUE/ = FRE$OM OV] ! LA/ #de YE>S4 ,:]E >E ,KURDS COM+ FROM8 ,H[ CAN WE HOLI/ICALLY UND]/& :AT HAS HAPP5$ TO ! ,P,K,K & ! /RATEGIC ?9K] ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN & :Y8 ,LET ME BRIEFLY LEAD Y\ ALL ?R\< ?IS J\RNEY4 ,SO :]E >E WE COM+ FROM8 ,?IS IS :AT ,I WANT TO GET 9TO3 TO BE ABLE TO HOLI/ICALLY UND]/& :AT HAPP5$ & :Y IT HAPP5$4 ,!RE'S A LOT ( CONT5TION >\ND ?AT ISSUE4 ,! ,E>LY ,YE>S 7#a#i#g-#a#i#h#i7 ,OBVI\SLY1 /RUGGLES = FRE$OM >E NOT UNIQUE TO ,KURDI/AN OR TO ! REGION4 ,!Y HAPP5 ACROSS ! WORLD4 ,MANY PEOPLE LIKE TO ?9K ?AT ,OCALAN'S ?9K+ *ANG$ SUDD5LY 9 #aiii AFT] HIS ABDUCTION 9 ,K5YA4 ,9 FACT1 AT ?AT TIME1 MANY PEOPLE BELIEV$ ?AT HE BETRAY$ ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE'S CAUSE4 ,BUT :5 WE LOOK AT #de YE>S ( ! /RUGGLE ( ! ,P,K,K1 WE CAN SEE ?AT ! ORGANIZATION HAS CONT9U\SLY MOV$ =W>D & DEVELOP$ ITSELF4 ,! ,KURDI% FRE$OM MOVEM5T HAS SE5 MANY MOVEM5TS & /RUGGLES EM]GE & !N WI!R AWAY 7= EXAMPLE1 REAL SOCIALISM1 NATIONAL LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS1 FEM9ISM1 & AN>*ISM74 ,! ,P,K,K'S ABILITY TO EVOLVE LIES ) ITS ANALYSIS ( !SE MOVEM5TS1 D$UC+ LESSONS ?AT IT !N APPLIES TO ITSELF4 ,:5 ! ,P,K,K WAS GA!R+ 9 ORD] TO TAKE UP ! ,KURDI% ISSUE DUR+ ! #a#i#gS1 !RE WAS V]Y LIMIT$ 9=MATION AVAILABLE AB\T LEFTISM4 ,>\ND ! TIME ( ! MILIT>Y C\P 9 ,TURKEY1 ! FIR/ ( :I* WAS 9 #a#i#f1 !RE W]E TRANSLATIONS ( LEFTI/S 9TO ,TURKI% AVAILABLE ONLY FROM ,RUSSIAN & ,FR5*4 ,!RE EXI/$ A BIT ( ,M>XISM1 FEM9ISM1 ,L59ISM1 ,/AL9ISM1 & ,MAOISM1 BUT NO ,GRAMSCI1 ,BOOK*91 OR O!R CONTEMPOR>Y ?9K]S BACK 9 ?OSE YE>S4 ,IT WAS NOT UNTIL ! #a#i#iS ?AT ! WORK ( ALT]NATIVE MOVEM5TS BEGAN TO BE TRANSLAT$ FROM ,5GLI%2 EV5 ?OSE ?AT W]E TRANSLAT$ W]E SUBSEQU5TLY C5SOR$4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,! ,ORIG9 ( ! ,FAMILY BY ,5GELS W5T AGA9/ ! TRADITIONS ( SOCIETY1 SO IT WAS C5SOR$4 ,EV5 ! HI/ORY ( ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ ITSELF WAS SUPPRESS$4 ,?R\<\T ! REGION1 ! NATION-/ATES ?AT HAD =M$ W]E 9T]E/$ 9 COMPLET+ PROCESSES ( CULTURAL HOMOG5IZATION4 ,! 9=MATION LEA/ AVAILABLE ( ALL WAS ,KURDI% HI/ORY4 ,BY ! #a#i#gS1 !Y HAD NE>LY SUCCE$$ 9 GETT+ ,KURDI% PEOPLE TO =GET ?AT ,KURDI/AN WAS DIVID$ 9TO F\R P>TS4 ,! MAJORITY ( ,KURDS KNEW ONLY ! HI/ORY ( ! P>T 9 :I* !Y LIV$4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 IT CAME TO BE 9SCRIB$ 9 ! M9DS ( ,KURDS !MSELVES ?AT ,KURDI/AN WAS B>R51 NO:]E WOR? LIV+ 91 BACKW>D1 ETC4 ,!Y W]E P>TICIPAT+ 9 AUTO-ASSIMILATION4 ,?US1 ! F\ND+ MEMB]S ( ! ,P,K,K 7& ESPECIALLY ,OCALAN7 GAVE A GREAT DEAL ( IMPORTANCE TO $UCATION1 READ+1 & ! ABILITY TO DRAW CONCLUSIONS FROM DIFF]5T MOVEM5TS & GREAT DEAL ( /UDY+ WAS DONE DUR+ ?IS P]IOD4 ,! F\ND+ MEMB]S ( ! ,P,K,K W]E NOT ALL ,KURDI% & NOT ALL MALE4 ,!Y CAME NOT ONLY FROM ONE SOCIAL CLASS4 ,ALREADY )9 ! 9ITIAL GR\P1 WE SEE ! PRES5CE ( /UD5TS1 WORK]S1 WOM51 & PEOPLE ( DIFF]5T E?NICITIES4 ,?IS PO9T IS V]Y IMPORTANT TO MAK+ S5SE ( H[ & :Y ! GR\P DEVELOP$ ! WAY ?AT IT DID4 ,IF WE W]E TO SAY ?AT ,OCALAN & ! ,P,K,K KNEW :AT !Y W]E DO+ FROM DAY ONE & ?AT !Y HAD ALREADY >RIV$ AT !IR [N P>ADIGM 9 ! #a#i#gS1 ?AT W\LD BE 9CORRECT4 ,H[EV]1 IT W\LD BE CORRECT TO DEF9E ,OCALAN & ! E>LY F\ND+ MEMB]S AS PEOPLE 9 ! PROCESS ( QUE/ION+ EV]Y?+4 ,!Y QUE/ION$ :AT WAS BE+ PRES5T$ TO !M--EV5 FROM ! ,LEFT4 ,! 9ITIAL GR\P BEGAN ) A SIMPLE PREMISE3 ,KURDI/AN IS A COLONY4 ,! ISSUE IS NOT SIMPLY AB\T ,TURKEY1 BUT ALSO AB\T ,IRAN1 ,IRAQ1 & ,SYRIA1 & AS WELL AB\T ! HEGEMONIC SY/EM 9 :I* !Y LIV$4 ,?AT'S :Y !Y />T$ SAY+ ?AT ,KURDI/AN WAS AN 9T]-/ATE COLONY1 AN 9T]NATIONAL COLONY4 ,DUR+ ?IS QUE/ION+1 !Y E/ABLI%$ A POLITICAL P>TY ?AT WAS ,M>XI/--,L59I/4 ,TO DO SO AT ! TIME ( ! ,COLD ,W> TIME WAS LIKE CREAT+ A ,MOLOTOV COCKTAIL4 ,ONE WAS BANN$ FROM SAY+ EV5 ! WORDS 0,KURD0 OR 0,KURDI/AN0 & 9/EAD PEOPLE W\LD USE ! LETT] 0,K40 ,SO NOT ONLY W]E !Y A POLITICAL P>TY ?AT DEM&$ FRE$OM = ,KURDS & !IR HOMEL&1 BUT ON TOP ( ?AT1 !Y W]E ,M>XI/--,L59I/4 ,( C\RSE1 PEOPLE US$ TO SAY 0,!RE'S NO PROLET>IAT 9 ,KURDI/AN1 SO Y\ CAN'T BE SOCIALI/S6 ,Y\ HAVE TO FIR/ BECOME A PROLET>IAT & !N BECOME A SOCIALI/40 ,!RE W]E ALL SORTS ( FUNNY & ODD SITUATIONS LIKE ?AT HAPP5+ 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ AT ?AT TIME4 ,! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! ,P,K,K & ! ,TURKI% LEFT WAS COMPLEX4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 ,KURDS NE$$ TO =M A SEP>ATE MOVEM5T BECAUSE ! ISSUE ( ,KURDI% COLONIZATION W\LD NOT BE TAK5 UP BY ! ,TURKI% LEFT4 ,! ,P,K,K W]E ALSO EMBOLD5$ BY NATIONAL MOVEM5TS >\ND ! WORLD1 SU* AS ! ,VIETNAMESE LIB]ATION MOVEM5T & ! IDEAS ( ,FRANZ ,FANON4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! ,P,K,K WAS 9SPIR$ & 9FLU5C$ BY ! ,TURKI% ,LEFT & LEFTI/S :O W]E KILL$ BY ! ,TURKI% /ATE4 ,OCALAN & ! F\ND]S SAW ?AT 9 ORD] TO UNITE1 FIR/ Y\ HAD TO SEP>ATE & BUILD Y\RSELF ON Y\R [N ROOTS4 ,TODAY1 WE'RE SEE+ ?AT !RE IS 9DE$ A REEM]G5CE ( UNITY & COM+ TOGE!R4 ,OCALAN WAS ALSO V]Y CAUTI\S NOT TO BECOME ! DISCIPLE ( SOME K9D ( C5T]1 :I* WAS COMMON 9 ?OSE DAYS--EI!R ,MOSC[1 ,ALBANIA1 OR ,*9A4 ,OCALAN REFUS$ ALL ?AT4 ,HE SAID ?AT :AT WAS NE$$ WAS TO BE ABLE TO UND]/& ,M>XISM & ,L59ISM & TO IMPLEM5T ! IDEAS ACCORD+ TO ! CONDITIONS ( ,KURDI/AN4 ,OCALAN WAS V]Y CRITICAL ( SO-CALL$ 0REAL SOCIALISM0 AT ! TIME4 ,CAN Y\ IMAG9E ! ,MOLOTOV COCKTAIL H]E AS WELL8 ,FIR/LY1 Y\'RE ,KURDI%4 ,SECONDLY1 Y\'RE ,M>XI/--,L59I/ 9 ! #a#i#gS4 ,BUT !N Y\'RE ALSO CRITICAL ( ! ,LEFT )9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ & 9 ,TURKEY AS WELL AS ! MA9/REAM ,LEFT1 9CLUD+ ,U,S,S,R OR ,*9A4 ,?IS WAS A V]Y DIFFICULT SITUATION 9 :I* TO /AY ALIVE4 ,AP>T FROM ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE !MSELVES1 !RE REALLY HAS BE5 NO SUPPORT = ! ,KURDI% MOVEM5T ITSELF4 ,IF ! ,U,S,S,R WAS :AT IT WAS CLAIM+ TO BE1 :Y DID IT IGNORE ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE IF !Y >E ALSO ,M>XI/--,L59I/S8 ,IF ! ,IRANIAN ,LEFT1 ! ,IRAQI ,LEFT1 & ! ,TURKI% ,LEFT >E ALSO ,M>XI/--,L59I/S1 :Y W]E !Y DO+ ! SAME8 ,AL?\< IT APPE>$ LIKE A NEGATIVE SITUATION 7& 9 MANY RESPECTS WAS71 ! FACT ?AT !Y W]E IGNOR$ OR EXCLUD$ FROM VIRTUALLY ALL O!R POLITICAL T5D5CIES GAVE !M ! C\RAGE TO QUE/ION ALL ( !SE T5D5CIES4 ,UNTIL V]Y REC5TLY1 IF Y\ ASK$ ANYONE BUT ,KURDS AB\T ! ,P,K,K1 Y\ GOT A V]Y NEGATIVE ANSW]4 ,! LEFT W+ W\LD SAY !Y'RE NATIONALI/4 ,! RELIGI\S W+ W\LD SAY !Y'RE A!I/4 ,! ,TURKI% /ATE W\LD SAY !Y'RE ,>M5IAN1 :I* IS A T]RIBLE WORD TO SAY 9 ,TURKEY1 IT'S LIKE A BLASPHEMY4 ,Y\ GET ALL !SE CONTRADICTORY DESCRIPTIONS AB\T ONE & ! SAME ORGANIZATION & MOVEM5T4 ,IT MEANS ?AT ! ,KURDI% MOVEM5T HAS QUE/ION$ EV]Y?+ ?AT WAS !RE4 ,S\L-,SE>*+ )9 ! ,P,K,K 7#a#i#i-#b#a7 ,DUR+ ! E>LY #a#i#iS1 ! WORLD WITNESS$ ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,U,S,S,R4 ,AL?\< ,OCALAN WAS ALREADY CRITICAL ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 HE SAW ?IS HAPP5+ & />T$ TO ANALYZE4 ,HE DIDN'T GIVE UP ON SOCIALISM OR COMMUNISM1 BUT 9/EAD HE WROTE A BOOK CALL$ ,TO ,9SI/ ON ,SOCIALISM IS TO ,9SI/ UPON ,BE+ A ,HUMAN-,BE+4 ,?US1 DUR+ ?IS P]IOD1 !RE WAS A GREAT DEAL ( QUE/ION+ AB\T ACTIVITIES )9 ! ,P,K,K4 ,9 #a#i#i#f1 HIS ANALYSIS CONCLUD$ ?AT WE NE$ TO KILL ! DOM9ANT MALE4 ,I REMEMB] V]Y DI/9CTLY ?AT FROM ! YE>S #aiig TO #a#i#i#h1 ,OCALAN SPOKE AB\T REAL SOCIALI/ PRACTICES )9 ! ,P,K,K4 ,?AT IS :Y ?IS IS SU* A DYNAMIC & NON-DOGMATIC MOVEM5T4 ,! QUE/ION+ WAS NOT ONLY T[>DS ! \TSIDE1 BUT ALSO T[>DS ! 9SIDE4 ,! ,P,K,K DID A LOT ( DO+ & ?9K+1 ?9K+ & DO+ AT ! SAME TIME4 ,& ?AT'S SOME?+ V]Y IMPORTANT = ,OCALAN1 & HE CONT9UES TO SAY IT TO DATE4 ,HE'S V]Y MU* ( A DIALECTICAL ?9K] 9 ?AT WAY1 9SI/+ ?AT Y\ %\LD ?9K AS Y\ DO & DO AS Y\ ?9K SO ?AT Y\ MAY F9D DIFF]5T WAYS ( DO+ & DIFF]5T WAYS ( ?9K+4 ,OCALAN SET UP A S*OOL G>D51 :I* HE LIK5$ TO ,SOCRATES' G>D54 ,!RE1 REVOLUTION>IES W\LD DISCUSS ! DEVELOPM5TS ( ! ORGANIZATION1 ! QUE/IONS ?AT FACE ! MOVEM5T1 & ! QUE/IONS ?AT FACE REVOLUTION>Y PEOPLE & HUMANITY 9 G5]AL4 ,HE DREW MANY CONCLUSIONS FROM ?OSE DISCUSSIONS4 ,HE DID NOT ALL[ HIMSELF TO BE AFFECT$ NEGATIVELY BY A QUE/ION OR CRITICISM4 ,9/EAD1 HE W\LD GO & RE-QUE/ION & TRY TO UND]/& :Y ?+S HAPP5$ ! WAY !Y DID4 ,= EXAMPLE1 HE SAID ?AT Y\ CANNOT D\BT ! 9T5TIONS ( ! PEOPLE :O MAKE REVOLUTION4 ,9/EAD1 Y\ MU/ GO BACK & 9T]ROGATE ! TOOLS & ! MEAN+S ?AT W]E GIV5 TO DO ?+S4 ,HE MADE SIMIL> REM>KS REG>D+ FEM9ISM4 ,FEM9ISM HAS BE5 GREAT AT MAK+ 9VISIBLE ! LOSS ( WOM5'S FRE$OM1 BUT :]E DID ?IS GO WRONG8 ,H[ DID IT BECOME ELITE & COME TO LACK GR\ND+ )9 ! PEOPLE8 ,!RE W]E PRAGMATIC PO9TS AS WELL4 ,FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+1 ,OCALAN WAS LOOK+ AT ! QUE/ION ( ! ,/ATE4 ,BUT NEI!R ! ,LEFT NOR ! ,RIT FROM AN>*ISM1 BUT EV5 ?IS T5D5CY DIDN'T (F] AN ALT]NATIVE SOLUTION4 ,P]HAPS 9 ?IS WE CAN SEE :Y HE WAS LAT] 9SPIR$ BY ,BOOK*94 ,! FRE$OM MOVEM5T IMAG9$ AN 9DEP5D5T & FREE SOCIALI/ ,KURDI/AN )9 A ,MIDDLE ,EA/]N CONF$]ATION--!RE WAS ALWAYS ! HOPE ( ?IS RE-UNIFICATION AT SOME PO9T4 ,H[EV]1 9 #a#i#i#c1 ,OCALAN SAID = ! V]Y FIR/ TIME ?AT !RE C\LD BE TALKS ) ,TURKEY1 ?AT !RE C\LD BE A SOLUTION )9 ! (FICIAL BORD]S ( ,TURKEY4 ,( C\RSE1 \TSIDE OBS]V]S ?\GUABLY MORE ( A PRACTICAL ?AN P>ADIGMATIC /EP1 IT WAS ALSO ! FIR/ TIME ?AT ,OCALAN DEF9ITIVELY BROKE AWAY FROM ! IDEA ( A SEP>ATE /ATE4 ,AT A PRACTICAL LEVEL1 HE APPROA*$ ! ISSUE SO ?AT IT C\LD BE RESOLV$ )9 ! BORD]S ( ! ,TURKI% /ATE4 ,I %\LD EMPHASIZE ! DEVELOPM5TS CONC]N+ WOM5'S FRE$OM DUR+ ?IS P]IOD4 ,! DIM5SION ( FRE$OM = WOM5 HAD BE5 =M$ AS A BRAN* ( ! P>TY1 JU/ LIKE ANY O!R P>TY OR NATIONAL LIB]ATION MOVEM5T4 ,9 ! E>LY #a#i#iS1 H[EV]1 !RE WAS A HUGE 9FLUX ( Y\NG WOM5 9TO ! ,P,K,K1 :I* REPRES5T$ A HOPE = FRE$OM NOT ONLY 9 T]MS ( E?NIC REPRESSION ON ! ,KURDS1 BUT ALSO REG>D+ SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,BECAUSE ! ,P,K,K WAS ,M>XI/--,L59I/1 IT REJECT$ FEUDAL RELATION%IPS & WAYS ( TREAT+ WOM54 ,9 FACT1 BE=E ! ,P,K,K F\LY ON1 IT WAS ! FEUDAL LORDS :O %[$ RESI/ANCE TO ?IS MOVEM5T4 ,AS AG5TS ( ! ,/ATE1 !Y PREV5T$ ! ,P,K,K FROM GR[+1 SO IT C\LD NOT 5T] 9TO ! RE/ ( SOCIETY4 ,OCALAN'S ,ABDUCTION & ,CAPTIVITY 7#a#i#i#i-7 ,9 #aiii ,OCALAN WAS 9 ,K5YA &1 AS A RESULT ( A ,N,A,T,O OP]ATION L$ BY ,U,S,A1 ,U,K1 & ,ISRAEL1 HE WAS H&$ OV] TO ,TURKEY4 ,ALL ( !SE DISCUSSIONS LAY 9 ! BACKGR\ND ALONGSIDE ! EV]-PRES5T NE$ = ,OCALAN TO F9D A SOLUTION TO :AT WAS HAPP5+ TO ! ,KURDS4 ,?OSE :O KN[ ,KURDI% HI/ORY KN[ ?AT SUPRESS+ REBELLIONS IS ACTUALLY AB\T CAPTUR+ ! LEAD]1 KILL+ ! LEAD]1 & !N MASSACR+ ! PEOPLE4 ,! ,KURDS >E ACUTELY AW>E ( ?IS HI/ORY4 ,!RE W]E APPROXIMATELY #b REBELLIONS 9 ! REC5T PA/ ( ! ,KURDS--!Y HAVE EXP]I5C$ ?IS DAY 9 & DAY \T4 ,?US1 :5 ,OCALAN WAS ABDUCT$1 ALL ,KURDS W]E ON ! /REETS PROTE/+ :AT !Y KNEW WAS COM+ IF HE WAS KILL$ 9 ! H&S ( ! ,TURKI% /ATE4 ,!RE'S A V]Y /RONG L9K BETWE5 H[ ! ,KURDS SEE ,OCALAN & :AT HE REPRES5TS = ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE HI/ORICALLY & PRES5TLY4 ,HE IS ( C\RSE A TE/$ LEAD] :O HAS GUID$ ! ,KURDS 9 & \T ( GRAVE SITUATIONS4 ,MOREOV]1 HE HAS HELP$ ,KURDS BECOME PR\D ( :O !Y >E & HELP$ %[ !M ?AT !Y HAVE DIGNITY4 ,! ,TURKI% /ATE WROTE VOLUMES AB\T H[ ,KURDS >E 9 FACT 0M\NTA9 ,TURKS03 IT IS AN IDEOLOGY ( ! ,/ATE4 ,!Y CLAIM$ ?AT AS ,KURDS WALK$ 9 ! SN[Y M\NTA9 TRAILS1 !Y MADE ! S\ND ( 0KAT-KURT-KAT-KURT10 & ?AT'S :]E ! WORD ,KURD COMES FROM4 ,CAN Y\ IMAG9E8 ,?IS WAS CONSID]$ RATIONAL ?9K+ BY UNIV]SITY PR(ESSORS 9 ,TURKEY6 ,CAN Y\ IMAG9E8 ,?US1 ! ABDUCTION ( ,OCALAN 9 #aiii WAS A MAJOR RUPTURE BECAUSE ( :AT IT REPRES5T$ 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! ,KURDI% FRE$OM MOVEM5T & ! HI/ORY ( ! ,KURDS 9 G5]AL4 ,OCALAN'S ABDUCTION WAS ALSO HI/ORICALLY SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE ( ! WAY HE H&L$ ?IS *AOTIC MOM5T4 ,MANY MOVEM5TS )9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/--ESPECIALLY 9 ,TURKEY--EXCLAIM$ ?AT ! ,P,K,K'S LEAD] HAD JU/ BETRAY$ !M & CALL$ UPON !M TO TAKE !IR WEAPONS & JO9 !M4 ,9/EAD1 :AT ,OCALAN ASK$ = WAS = C\NTLESS PEOPLE TO GO ONTO ! /REETS >\ND ! WORLD 9 PROTE/4 ,SOME EV5 BURN$ !MSELVES ALIVE4 ,?IS DIRECT ACTION BY ,KURDI% PEOPLE /OPP$ MANY HORRIBLE POSSIBILITIES1 9CLUD+ ANY PLANS !RE MAY HAVE BE5 TO H>M ,OCALAN DUR+ HIS ABDUCTION FROM ,K5YA TO ,TURKEY4 ,!RE W]E MANY :O EXPECT$ HIM TO GO ON A HUNG] /RIKE1 BUT 9/EAD HE ASK$ = CALM4 ,OCALAN & ! MOVEM5T C\LD =ESEE ! 9T]V5TION ( ! WORLD SY/EM 9TO ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/4 ,9 FACT1 HE DATES ! BEG9N+ ( ?IS 9T]V5TION TO ,OCTOB] #i?1 #a#i#i#h1 ! DAY HE WAS PU%$ \T ( ,SYRIA4 ,9 HIS BOOKS1 ,OCALAN RECALLS ?AT 9 #aiih ,ISRAEL S5T AN 5VOY TO HIM4 ,!Y WANT$ HIM TO ACCEPT ,ISRAEL'S PATRONAGE REG>D+ ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION & ITS RESOLUTION4 ,OCALAN C\LD NEI!R ACCEPT IT MORALLY NOR POLITICALLY4 ,AS A RESULT1 HIS ODYSSEY BEGAN1 :I* ,KURDS CALL ! 09T]NATIONAL PLOT40 ,OCALAN MADE USE ( ?IS RUPTURE QUIET POSITIVELY4 ,9 PRISON1 HE HAD MORE TIME TO READ4 ,HE REQUE/$ ?\S&S ( BOOKS & ONE ( ! AU?ORS1 ( C\RSE1 IS ,MURRAY ,BOOK*94 ,ONE C\LD SAY ?AT ! ,KURDI% FRE$OM MOVEM5T REVITALIZ$ ,BOOK*9'S IDEAS2 ! ,KURDI% FRE$OM MOVEM5T IS ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL /RUGGLE 9 ! WORLD ?AT HAS BE5 9SPIR$ BY HIM4 ,:AT ,BOOK*9 WROTE HELP$ ,OCALAN IMM5SELY TO F9D HIS [N QUE/IONS FROM A PHILOSOPHICAL BACKGR\ND4 ,JU/ AS IT WAS A ,MOLOTOV COCKTAIL 9 ! #a#i#gS TO BE ,KURDI% & ,M>XI/--,L59I/1 9 ! #bS--JU/ :5 PEOPLE EXPECT$ SOME?+ ELSE ( HIM--,OCALAN DECL>$1 0,NO1 WE DON'T WANT A /ATE40 ,CAN Y\ IMAG9E ! WORLD'S REACTION8 ,SOME PEOPLE SAID IT MU/ BE \T ( P]SONAL FE>4 ,! ,KURDS ?\E LIKE PEOPLE )\T A FA!R3 A BA/>D4 ,)\T A /ATE1 Y\'RE BULLI$1 MASSACR$4 ,!RE=E1 Y\ ASPIRE TO HAVE A /ATE BECAUSE ?AT ?IS IS :]E LIB]ATION LIES4 ,AS ,OCALAN W5T 9TO QUE/ION+1 HE REALIZ$ ?AT WAS ONE ( ! TRAPS ?AT MO/ ( ! ,LEFT FELL 9TO4 ,9 #a#i#i#i1 ) LOCAL ELECTIONS 9 ,TURKEY1 ,KURDS BEGAN TO BE ACTIVE 9 ! MUNICIPALITIES = ! V]Y FIR/ TIME4 ,!Y BECAME MAYORS & C\NCIL MEMB]S ( ! MUNICIPALITIES4 ,OCALAN HAD TOLD ALL ( ! MAYORS AB\T ,BOOK*9'S ,URBANIZATION ,)\T ,CITIES & 9/RUCT$ !M TO HAVE ?IS BOOK ON !IR TABLE1 TO /UDY & READ IT4 ,HE ALSO /UDI$ ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM 9 DEP?4 ,! TITLE ( ,OCALAN'S ?IRD MAJOR VOLUME1 ,SOCIOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM1 REFLECTS ?AT4 ,! BOOK ?AT MO/ REFLECTS 9SPIRATION FROM ,BOOK*9 IS CURR5TLY 9 PROCESS ( BE+ TRANSLAT$4 ,IT IS A HUGE BOOK & IT'S ! F\NDATION ( ,MANIFE/O = A ,DEMOCRATIC ,CIVILIZATION1 TWO VOLUMES ( :I* Y\ SEE H]E4 ,?IS BOOK IS :]E HE DEALS ) ISSUES ( HI]>*Y1 DOM9ATION & /ATE !ORY4 ,OCALAN WANT$ TO UND]/& ! S\RCE ( ! PROBLEM ( ! ,/ATE 9 ! DEP?S ( HI/ORY4 ,AS HE GOT 9 DEEP] & DEEP]1 HE REA*$ SOME CONCLUSIONS4 ,HE LOOK$ AT H[ SLAV]Y WAS BUILT & ! BASIS ( ! ,/ATE ON ?REE PILL>S4 ,AS ,BOOK*9 EMPHASIZ$1 IT DOESN'T HAPP5 ?R\< ! USE ( PURE VIOL5CE4 ,RA!R1 IT'S C\PL$ ) O!R ?+S4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,OCALAN SAYS ?AT :5 VIOL5CE WASN'T 5\<1 IDEOLOGICAL & RELIGI\S N>RATIVE HAD TO COME 9TO PLAY4 ,SO IF Y\ DON'T ACCEPT :AT'S GO+ ON ?R\< %E] =CE1 !RE'S ! IDEOLOGICAL N>RATIVE AS WELL4 ,IF Y\'RE NOT ACCEPT+ ?AT1 !N Y\R LIVELIHOOD & ECONOMY >E TAK5 AWAY FROM Y\1 SO Y\'RE MADE ECONOMICALLY DEP5D5T AS WELL4 ,WE SEE ALL ( ?IS REFLECT$ 9 MY?OLOGY4 ,?IS IS :Y ,OCALAN DESCRIBES HIS ME?OD AS 9T]PRETIVE4 ,HE LOOKS AT MY?OLOGIES & TRIES TO SEE :AT !Y >E TELL+ US 9 T]MS ( ! /RUGGLE4 ,! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,OCALAN & ,BOOK*9 IS ?AT ,OCALAN /RET*ES BACK TO ! ,NEOLI?IC P]IOD & HE ASSOCIATES ! ISSUE ( CLASS & NATION ) ! LOSS ( FRE$OM ( WOM5 & H] SY/EM4.<#c.> ,OCALAN DOESN'T ATTRIBUTE ! LOSS ( WOMAN'S FRE$OM TO H] BIOLOGY2 HE SEES IT AS ! LOSS ( ! MORAL & POLITICAL SOCIETY ?AT %E F\ND$ & GUID$4 ,HE SAYS ?AT 9 ORD] = SOCIETY TO BE SUBDU$ & DOM9AT$1 WOM5 HAD TO BE SUBDU$ & DOM9AT$4 ,! BEG9N+ ( /ATE SOCIETY IS ! 9/ITUTIONALIZATION ( PATRI>*Y4 ,IT'S NOT TO SAY ?AT !RE WASN'T ANY HI]>*Y OR DOM9ATION1 BUT ?AT /ATI/ CLASS CIVILIZATION AS WE KN[ IT BEG9S ) ! 9/ITUTIONALIZATION ( HI]>*Y1 & NOT JU/ HI]>*Y ALONE4 ,?IS IS V]Y IMPORTANT4 ,OCALAN IS ?US ASK+ :AT HAPP5$ TO :AT HE CALLS 0MORAL & POLITICAL SOCIETY0 ?R\<\T HI/ORY4 ,HIS PO9T ( DEP>TURE IS ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION4 ,?R\<\T #dh YE>S1 ?R\<\T ASK+ ALL ( !SE QUE/IONS1 & ?R\<\T ! SEEM+LY IMPOSSIBLE RESOLUTION TO ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION DUE TO NATIONAL1 REGIONAL1 & 9T]NATIONAL ISSUES1 HE CAME TO ! PO9T ( TRY+ TO UND]/& 9 DEP? :AT IS ACTUALLY HAPP5+ TO US AS HUMANS4 ,?AT IS :Y1 9 ! #bS1 :5 EV]YBODY EXPECT$ HIM TO COME UP ) SOME?+ UTT]LY DIFF]5T1 HE CAME \T ) DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM3 A NON-/ATE SOLUTION = NOT ONLY ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION1 BUT = ! SOCIAL QUE/IONS WE >E EXP]I5C+ ?R\<\T ! WORLD4 ,BOOK*9 WAS V]Y IMPORTANT = ,OCALAN1 ESPECIALLY ! SEV]AL BOOKS HE OBTA9$1 & HE CONT9UALLY ASK$ = O!RS ?AT HAD BE5 TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,TURKI%4 ,! ,PRES5T3 ,:]E ,DO ! ,ANSW]S ,LIE8 ,OCALAN LOOKS AT IT LIKE ?IS4 ,!RE >E ?REE COMPON5TS TO H[ WE >E 5SLAV$3 7#a7 VIOL5CE2 7#b7 IDEOLOGY2 & 7#c7 ECONOMIC4 ,:]E DO ! ANSW]S LIE8 ,FIR/LY1 IT'S IMPORTANT TO REMEMB] ?AT WE'RE NOT ! FIR/ 9 ?IS FRE$OM /RUGGLE2 WE >E P>T ( & L9K$ TO A *A94 ,BUT ?IS *A9 IS DISP]S$4 ,IT NE$S TO BE BR\*Y1 ! CITY_/CLASS_//ATE CIVILIZATION1 HE >GUES1 !N !RE IS ANO!R CIVILIZATION1 :I* HE CALLS ! DEMOCRATIC CIVILIZATION ( PEOPLES1 WOM51 WORK]S1 CRAFTSPEOPLE1 CLANS1 TRIBES1 ETC4 :O RESI/ !SE C5TRALIZATIONS4 ,!RE=E1 HE CL>IFIES1 0,I'M NOT DO+ ANY?+ NEW1 ,I'M JU/ TRY+ TO MAKE VISIBLE :AT IS ALREADY !RE40 ,OCALAN'S UNIT ( HI/ORY IS MORAL & POLITICAL SOCIETY1 :I* ,I BELIEVE ,BOOK*9 CALLS ORGANIC SOCIETY4 ,H[EV]1 ,OCALAN BASES ?IS MORAL & POLITICAL SOCIETY ON ! LOSS ( WOM5'S FRE$OM1 SO WOM5 >E KEY AG5TS4 ,!RE=E1 HE REALIZES ?AT FRE$OM & REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLES ( ! PA/ FELL 9TO SOME TRAPS REG>D+ VIOL5CE ( ! >MY & ! MILIT>Y 79CLUD+ ! ,P,K,K7 & HE ASKS1 0,H[ DO WE R$EF9E ?IS80 ,!RE'S EXTRAORD9>Y VIOL5CE BE+ APPLI$ AGA9/ ! PEOPLE1 EV5 AT ?IS V]Y MOM5T4 ,IT'S NOT JU/ ECONOMIC1 !RE'S %E] PHYSICAL VIOL5CE AT ! SAME TIME4 ,!RE NE$S TO BE :AT HE CALLS SELF-DEF5SE1 TO PROTECT Y\RSELF--NOT TO ATTACK1 BUT TO PROTECT Y\RSELF4 ,HE FEELS ?AT !RE NE$S TO BE A =CE TO OP5 SPACE = ?IS4 ,! SECOND PIECE IS IDEOLOGY4 ,?IS IS :Y !RE IS ,J9EOLOGY .1 SO ?AT WOM5 CAN DECIDE ON :AT !IR HI/ORY IS & NOT JU/ RELY ON ! HI/ORY ?AT IS GIV5 TO US4 ,& ?IS IS NECESS>Y = ! HI/ORY ( ! PEOPLE AS WELL4 ,H[ DO Y\ BECOME 9DEP5D5T ( /ATE /RUCTURES8 ,AS WE CAN SEE1 /ATES TODAY >E GRABB+ PEOPLE (F ! L& & PUTT+ !M 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! ROAD1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/4 ,BUT ?IS IS ALSO HAPP5+ ACROSS ! WORLD4 ,WE >E WITNESS+ A RECONQU]+ ( !SE GEOGRAPHIES1 ( !IR L& & RI*ES4 ,?R\< !M1 !Y >E MAK+ ! ,EUROPEAN & ,ANGLO-,SAXON WORLD A LITTLE BIT SC>$ SO ?AT !Y'LL GO & EMBRACE ! ,/ATE AS A 0PROTECTION0 AGA9/ :AT'S COM+4 ,!Y'RE US+ POPULATIONS AGA9/ ONE ANO!R4 ,& !Y >E US+ ECONOMICS4 ,SO H[ DO WE DEVELOP AN 9DEP5D5T ECONOMICS & LIV+ FROM ! ,/ATE 9 RESPONSE8 ,?IS IS ! FUNDAM5TAL PO9T4 ,OCALAN SAYS ?AT Y\ CAN'T CONQU] ! ,/ATE & !N MAKE IT USELESS & HAVE A CLASSLESS SOCIETY4 ,NO1 =GET AB\T ?AT4 ,:AT IS CRUCIAL IS TO ORGANIZE ! PEOPLE SO ?AT !Y CAN ORGANIZE !IR SPACES 9DEP5D5T ( ! ,/ATE1 :I* IS NO?+ BUT A MONOPOLY & ! PEAK ( ALL MONOPOLIES ?AT HAVE >IS5 ?R\<\T TIME3 MILIT>Y1 IDEOLOGICAL1 CULTURAL1 9DU/RIAL1 MONET>Y1 ETC4 ,HE'S SEP>AT+ GOV]NANCE FROM ! ,/ATE & HE'S CREAT+ TOOLS LIKE DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM ?AT CAN F9D A COMPROMISE ) ! ,/ATE4 ,IT GOES OV] B\ND>IES2 IT GOES TO 9DIVIDUALS AS WELL4 ,WE CANNOT EXPECT TO *ANGE ! SY/EM IF WE DON'T *ANGE \RSELVES4 ,H[EV]1 \R *ANGE CANNOT BE ON ! BASIS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL2 WE NE$ TO HAVE AN ORGANIZ$ SOCIETY4 ,WE'RE SEE+ CAPITALISM DE/ROY SOCIETY1 NOT ONLY NATURE--,OCALAN CALLS IT SOCIETYCIDE1 ! KILL+ ( SOCIETY4 ,HE BELIEVES ?IS IS ! BIGGE/ PROBLEM AT PRES5T4 ,:AT REVOLUTION>IES %\LD DO IS KEEP !SE =CES (F ( SOCIETY SO ?AT MORAL & POLITICAL SOCIETY HAS ! SPACE TO REAWAK5 & TO FUNCTION ONCE AGA94 ,?IS IS ! S\L ( ! MATT]3 :ATEV] =MAT Y\ HAVE1 IT MEANS NO?+ IF ! S\L ISN'T 9 ! RIACT]I/ICS3 FRE$OM & SOLID>ITY4 ,IT IS A MUTUALI/IC & DYNAMIC ID5TITY4 ,NOTE ,! ,DEMOCRATIZATION ( ,CITIES 9 ,NOR? ,KURDI/AN ,]CAN ,AYBOGA ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,CITIES 9 ,NOR? ,KURDI/AN ,AFT] ! F\NDATION ( ! ,REPUBLIC ( ,TURKEY1 ! CITIES 9 ,NOR? 7,TURKI%-OCCUPI$7 ,KURDI/AN BECAME PROGRESSIVELY POOR] RELATIVE TO ?OSE 9 ! ,TURKI% /ATE4 ,?IS L$ TO COMP>ATIVELY WEAK MUNICIPALITIES RUL$ BY SO-CALL$ SY/EM P>TIES1 :I* W]E HI]>*ICAL1 CORRUPT1 & EXTREMELY ALI5AT$ FROM ! POPULATION4 ,!Y ALSO =M$ P>T ( ! REPRESSION ME*ANISM4 ,!RE W]E NO BIG 9VE/M5TS BY ! COLONIALI/ /ATE 9 ,NOR? ,KURDI/AN 7ALSO KN[N AS ,BAKUR71 EXCEPT 9 ! ?REE PROV9CES 9 ! WE/]N P>T ( ,BAKUR ) A HI< NON-,KURDI% POPULATION3 ,MELETI 7,MALATYA71 ,X>PUT 7,ELAZIG7 & ,DILOK 7,GAZIANTEP74 ,:ILE ! BIGGE/ CITY 9 ,BAKUR1 ,DIY>BAKIR 7,AM$7 WAS1 9 ! #a#i#bS1 ! ?IRD MO/ IMPORTANT ECONOMIC CITY )9 ! ,TURKI% /ATE AFT] ,I/ANBUL & ,IZMIR1 #g--#h YE>S LAT] IT BECAME ONE ( ! POORE/4 ,H[EV]1 9 T]MS ( ,KURDI/AN1 ,TURKEY1 & ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ WE HAVE TO CONSID] ?AT MUNICIPALITIES W]E HI/ORICALLY WEAK] ?AN ?OSE 9 ,EUROPE4 ,:ILE ! SMALL] CITIES (T5 HAD NO MUNICIPAL ADM9I/RATIONS1 ! MID-SIZ$ & L>GE CITIES W]E ADM9I/]$ DIRECTLY BY AN APPO9T$ GOV]NOR4 ,COMMUNITIES ORGANIZ$ !MSELVES 9 L>GE P>T \TSIDE ( MUNICIPALITIES--IT WAS DIFF]5T1 BUT NOT NECESS>ILY BETT]4 ,9 ! #a#i#eS A /EADILY 9CREAS+ MIGRATION WAVE />T$ FROM ! ,KURDI% CITIES & SOME REGIONS ( ,ANATOLIA TO ! L>G] CITIES 9 ! ,WE/ & ,S\? ( ! ,TURKI% /ATE1 P>TICUL>LY ,I/ANBUL4 ,?US ,TURKI% CITIES GREW AT A FA/] RATE COMP>$ ) ,KURDI% CITIES4 ,NEV]!LESS1 MANY PEOPLE ALSO MOV$ TO ! CITIES ( ,NOR? ,KURDI/AN4 ,DUE TO LIMIT$ F9ANCIAL CAPACITY1 MO/ NEW H\S+ BUILD+S W]E BUILT BY ! MIGRAT+ PEOPLE1 LEAD+ TO POOR NEITY SY/EMS4 ,9 !SE YE>S ! ,KURDI% ,FRE$OM ,MOVEM5T 7,K,F,M71 ) ! ,P,K,K 9 ITS C5T]1 EVOLV$ AMONG O!R POLITICAL ,KURDI% & REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS & GA9$1 )9 A %ORT TIME1 S]I\S SUPPORT BY ! PROLET>IAN & /UD5T Y\?4 ,P,K,K C&IDATES C\LD ALSO W9 ELECTIONS--= EXAMPLE1 9 ,ELIH 7,BATMAN74 ,BUT ! MILIT>Y C\P 9 #aih ELIM9AT$ ALL A*IEV$ RIEAS DOM9AT$ BY PRIVATIZATION4 ,:ILE 9 ! #a#i#gS VILLAGES W]E MORE AT ! HE>T ( ! SOCIETY1 9 ! #a#i#hS MIGRATION AWAY FROM RURAL >EAS 9CREAS$4 ,9 #aihd ! ,KURDI/AN ,WORK]S ,P>TY 7,P,K,K7 />T$ AN >M$ REBELLION AGA9/ ! COLONIALI/ ,TURKI% /ATE4 ,9 ! BEG9N+ ( ! #a#i#iS IT DEVELOP$ AS A MASS MOVEM5T 9 SEV]AL ,KURDI% PROV9CES4 ,9 #aiia & #a#i#i#b1 :5 REPRESSION WAS /ILL NOT ABSOLUTELY DOM9AT+ EV]Y?+1 A %ORT BUT /RONG CIVIL DYNAMIC EVOLV$ 9 A NUMB] ( CITIES 9 ,BAKUR4 ,! ,K,F,M ALSO GA9$ SUPPORT 9 CITIES4 ,9 P>ALLEL1 9 SOME ,TURKI% CITIES LEFTI/ ORGANIZATIONS BECAME A BIT /RONG]1 BUT C\LD NOT A*IEVE ! LEVEL PRIOR TO ! MILIT>Y C\P ( #a#i#h4 ,BUT 9 ! SECOND HALF ( ! #a#i#hS ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS WON LOCAL ELECTIONS 9 MO/ BIG CITIES1 BUT ) ABSOLUTELY NO DEMOCRATIC IMPULSE1 5D+ UP 9 CORRUPTION & MISMANAGEM5T4 ,FROM #aiic ONW>DS ! REVOLUTION>Y DYNAMIC 9 ,BAKUR'S CITIES WAS OPPRESS$ COMPLETELY1 U%]+ 9 DIFFICULT TIMES4 ,9 RURAL >EAS ! ,TURKI% ,>MY DE/ROY$ UP TO #d1 ,KURDI% VILLAGES & =CIBLY DISPLAC$ MORE ?AN #b MILLION PEOPLE4 ,:ILE SOME FL$ TO ,EUROPE1 ! MAJORITY MOV$ TO ,TURKI% CITIES4 ,/ILL1 A SIGNIFICANT NUMB] MOV$ TO ! CITIES ( ,BAKUR4 ,SEV]AL CITIES D\BL$ ! NUMB] ( RESID5TS--,AM$1 ,ELIH1 ,NISEB9 7,NUSAYB97 & ,CIZRE4 ,?OSE CITIES W]E TOTALLY UNPREP>$ & C\LD NOT COPE ) ! SUDD5 MASS MIGRATION1 RESULT+ 9 S]I\S PROBLEMS ) WAT] SUPPLY1 SEWAGE WAT]1 H\S+1 WA/E & HEAL?4 ,! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T DID NOT HELP ) ANY?+4 ,AN 9CREAS+ PROLET>IANIZATION ( ! CITIES WAS ! RESULT ) A HI< POV]TY1 /REET *ILDR51 PRO/ITUTION & P]CEIVABLE CRIME4 ,9 CITIES1 CIVIL SOCIETY WAS EI!R POLITICALLY & DEMOCRATICALLY DISORGANIZ$1 OR HAD NO CAPACITY4 ,YET1 !Y W]E UND] POLITICAL PRESSURE TO %[ SOLID>ITY ) REFUGEES1 :O >RIV$ ) ALMO/ NO?+4 ,IT TOOK SEV]AL YE>S TO OV]COME ! WOR/ IMPACTS4 ,H[EV] 9 !SE YE>S1 AL?\< ! ,/ATE IMPLEM5T$ BROAD /ATE T]RORISM1 ! ,K,F,M C\LD NOT BE DEFEAT$2 RA!R AN EQUILIBRIUM WAS MA9TA9$ BETWE5 #aiid & #a#i#i#i4 ,AN 9T]NATIONAL PLOT L$ TO ! KIDNAPP+ ( ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN1 LEAD] ( ! ,P,K,K & C5TRAL TO ! ,K,F,M1 TO ,TURKEY 9 ,FEBRU>Y #aiii 9 :I* ! ,GREEK /ATE WAS ALSO 9VOLV$4 ,?IS L$ TO ! CESSATION ( >M$ /RUGGLE 9 ! 5SU+ MON?S4 ,! ,K,F,M COMM5C$ FRE% DISCUSSIONS AB\T A NEW /RATEGY ON A !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL BASIS4 ,! POLITICAL /RUGGLE 9 ! CITIES MOV$ 9TO ! C5T] ( ! :OLE /RUGGLE4 ,)9 ?IS APPROA* ! MUNICIPALITIES PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT ROLE4 ,JU/ AT ! TIME ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PLOT LOCAL ELECTIONS W]E HELD 9 ,TURKEY4 ,CITIES ,UND] ! ,GOV]NANCE ( ! ,KURDI% ,FRE$OM ,MOVEM5T ,! ,KURDI% ,FRE$OM ,MOVEM5T 7,K,F,M7 HAS A*IEV$ 9CREAS+ SUCCESSES 9 LOCAL ELECTIONS S9CE #a#i#i#i4 ,9 A SURPRISE W9 9 #a#i#i#i1 ! LEGAL P>TY ( ! ,K,F,M--,H,A,D,E,P 7,PEOPLE'S ,DEMOCRACY ,P>TY7--WON SEV]AL BIG CITIES LIKE ,AM$1 ,WAN1 ,ELIH & ,AGIRI 7,AGRI74 ,! ,K,F,M WAS *ALL5G$ ) GOV]N+ SEV]AL BIG CITIES & NE$$ TO PROVE IT HAD BETT] SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC CONCEPTS ?AN O!R P>TIES = ! LOCAL LEVEL4 ,! 5D ( ! W> 9 ,BAKUR L$ TO LESS OPPRESSION BY ! ,TURKI% /ATE & SOME SPACE TO ACT POLITICALLY AT A LEGAL LEVEL4 ,:ILE ! ,K,F,M RUL$1 SOME 9FRA/RUCTURE & BASIC S]VICES EXP]I5C$ SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEM5TS1 BUT CONC]N+ DEMOCRACY & PEOPLE'S POLITICAL P>TICIPATION1 DEVELOPM5T WAS SL[] & *>ACT]IZ$ BY /RUCTURAL DIFFICULTIES4 ,CONSID]+ C5TURIES ( AU?ORIT>IANISM1 OPPRESSION1 ASSIMILATION1 CORRUPTION & A LACK ( OP5 DEMOCRATIC RELATIONS1 ?IS WAS NOT SURPRIS+4 ,A POSITIVE ASPECT 9 !SE YE>S WAS ?AT CIVIL SOCIETY & SOCIAL MOVEM5TS BECAME /RONG] 9 ,BAKUR1 BECOM+ IMPORTANT ACTORS 9 ! CITIES4 ,!Y JO9$ ! DISCUSSIONS TO DEVELOP MORE SOCIAL & ECOLOGICAL CITIES1 & MADE MULTIPLE PROPOSALS & REQUE/S TO ! MUNICIPALITIES = :I* !Y VOT$ TOO4 ,SO ! RIS ! NEW POLITICAL CONCEPT UNTIL 9 #be DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM WAS DECL>$ BY ,OCALAN4 ,IT WAS ! FIR/ MA9 /EP ( SY/EMIZ+ ! NEW APPROA*1 :I* DEVELOP$ OV] ! YE>S4 ,BETWE5 #be & #bh ! ,P,K,K ,GU]RILLA & ,TURKI% ,>MY CLA%$ BRIEFLY BECAUSE ! ,TURKI% ,A,K,P GOV]NM5T DID NOT TAKE ESS5TIAL /EPS = ! SOLUTION ( ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION--IT JU/ IGNOR$ IT & R$UC$ ! QUE/ION TO 9DIVIDUAL RIIAN Y\? W]E AT ! =EFRONT ( ?IS REVOLT4 ,! ,/ATE WAS %OCK$ & COMM5C$ MEASURES TO QUELL ! UPRIS+S4 ,9 #b#g1 :5 ! FRAMEWORK WAS DISCUSS$ = TWO YE>S1 ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,SOCIETY ,CONGRESS 7,K,C,D2 ALSO NAM$ ,D,T,K7 WAS F\ND$ & MANY ,K,F,M MEMB]S />T$ TO REORGANIZE SOCIETY BAS$ ON ! 0P>ADIGM ( A DEMOCRATIC1 ECOLOGICAL & G5D] LIB]AT$ SOCIETY0 AS DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM PROCLAIM$4 ,! ,K,C,D IS AN UMBRELLA ( ALL ORGANIZATIONS CLOSE TO ! ,K,F,M1 ) A LEFTI/ DEMOCRATIC /&1 & IS CONSID]$ A PLAT=M ) A NEW APPROA* = DO+ POLITICS4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ! ,K,C,D IS AN ALT]NATIVE TO P>LIAM5T>IAN DEMOCRACY1 :I* IS 9 A /RUCTURAL CRISIS 9 BO? ,TURKEY & ! RE/ ( ! WORLD4 ,IT PROPAGATES RADICAL DEMOCRACY & HAS MANY /RUCTURES EXPRESS$ 9 ITS C\NCILS & ASSEMBLIES AT DIFF]5T LEVELS4 ,!RE >E TODAY #ad SECTORS1 ALSO CALL$ POLITICAL SPH]ES1 COV]+ A WIDE RANGE ( FOCUS >EAS 7E4G4 POLITICS1 WOM51 Y\?1 ECONOMY1 HEAL?1 ECOLOGY1 JU/ICE1 BELIEFS1 $UCATION & DIPLOMACY74 ,9 O!R WORDS ! ,K,C,D IS ! 0C\NCIL ( C\NCILS40 ,! MODEL IT IS DEVELOP+ 9 PRACTICE IS CALL$ 0DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY40 ,) DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM ! !ORETICAL BASE ( 0FREE MUNICIPALISM0 HAS BE5 LAID 9 PR9CIPAL4 ,9 ?IS S5SE ! FIR/ /EPS HAVE BE5 TAK5 TO SET UP PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLIES AT ! NEIE SIGNIFICANT ,KURDI% POPULATIONS4 ,AT HI<] LEVELS ! DELEGATES ( !SE PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLIES MEET SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 ,N,G,O'S1 P>TIES1 MUNICIPALITIES1 UNIONS & O!R ORGANIZATIONS & SECTORS 9 CITY_/DI/RICT & PROV9CIAL C\NCILS4 ,AT ! TOP IS ! G5]AL ASSEMBLY ( ! ,K,C,D ) #ea MEMB]S4 ,! 9CLUSION ( ALL WILL+ ORGANIZATIONS & PLAY]S AT !SE HI<] LEVELS 9 SOCIETY IS A CRUCIAL ELEM5T ( ! NEW POLITICAL PROJECT4 ,9 #ba ! 0,FIR/ ,CONF]5CE ON ,ECOLOGY & ,LOCAL ,AU?ORITIES0 WAS REALIZ$4 ,ITS FRAMEWORK /AT$ ?AT MUNICIPALITIES ORGANIZE SOCIETY BAS$ ON F\R PILL>S3 ORGANIZ$ SOCIETY & P>TICIPATIVE APPROA*2 ECOLOGICAL LIFE2 G5D]-LIB]AT$ APPROA*2 & P>TICIPATIVE SOCIAL ECONOMY4 ,CRUCIALLY1 ITS FOCUS WAS ON CITIES1 CONSID]+ ?AT ! MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION ( ,BAKUR WAS LIV+ 9 CITIES--MIGRATION NEV] CEAS$ DUE TO ECONOMIC REASONS4 ,AT ! CONF]5CE1 ! SE>* = RADICAL DEMOCRACY & SELF-ORGANIZATION F> AWAY FROM ! 7NATION7 ,/ATE & REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY WAS DISCUSS$ 9 DEP? ) /RONG EMOTIONS4 ,/R5G!N+ ! WOM5'S MOVEM5T WAS CONSID]$ ELEM5T>Y = SUCCESSFUL PROGRESS1 AS ! G5D] QUE/ION IS BELIEV$ TO BE ! MA9 CONTRADICTION 9 SOCIETY4 ,)\T ! /RONG 9VOLVEM5T ( WOM5 & A RAIS$ CONSCI\SNESS REG>D+ G5D] RELATIONS1 EMANCIPATIVE PROCESSES CAN LACK SUB/ANCE4 ,AFT] ! 9T5SIVE W> P]IOD ( #baa & #b#a#b1 DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY & ITS RELAT$ SELF-ORGANIZ+ /RUCTURES LIKE ! PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLIES BECAME /RONG]4 ,9 #bac & #bad ! WOM5'S MOVEM5T SPREAD TO ALL P>TS ( SOCIETY1 LEAD+ ECONOMICS & ECOLOGY ACTIVI/S TO CREATE REAL SOCIAL MOVEM5TS & IMPLEM5T ! FIR/ PROJECTS & CAMPAIGNS4 ,?IS WAS ! RESULT ( RAIS+ CRITICAL CONSCI\SNESS 9 ! SOCIETY ( ,BAKUR4 ,CRUCIALLY1 ! FIR/ URBAN /RUGGLES CAME UP AGA9/ SOME L>GE H\S+ PROJECTS1 ! CUTT+ ( GRE5 >EAS & =E/S1 ! CON/RUCTION ( %OPP+ MALLS1 ! TRANS=MATION ( /ATE >EAS 9 CITY C5T]S 9TO COMM]CIAL >EAS1 & 9T]V5TION BY ! ,/ATE 9TO CITY PLANN+4 ,! /RUGGLES W]E A REPLY TO 9CREAS$ PRESSURE BY ! ,A,K,P GOV]NM5T = G5TRIFICATION1 COMM]CIALIZATION & CONTROL ( CITIES ) A SO-CALL$ 0SECURITY0 MOTIVATION4 ,! ,A,K,P WANT$ TO 9CREASE PR(ITS 9 ALL >EAS & CITIES ( ! C\NTRY :]E :AT ! ,D,B,P 7,P>TY ( ,DEMOCRATIC ,REGIONS1 ! ,K,F,M P>TY )9 ! ,PEOPLE'S ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY--,H,D,P7 CONSID]$ W]E AN OB/ACLE4 ,! ,H,D,P_/,D,B,P MUNICIPALITIES & SEV]AL SOCIAL MOVEM5TS RESI/$ AGA9/ G5TRIFICATION & ! DISPLACEM5T ( RESID5TS ( POOR NEIKET-BAS$ APPROA* ( ! ,/ATE4 ,A S]I\S NUMB] ( PROJECTS LIKE H\S+ E/ATES & P>KS1 AS WELL AS SOME ELEM5TS ( CITY PLANN+ W]E ORI5T$ T[>DS NEOLIB]AL CAPITALI/ POLICIES4 ,IT TOOK YE>S = SOCIAL MOVEM5TS & CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS TO HAVE A /RONG IMPACT AGA9/ !SE NEOLIB]AL PROJECTS ( ! ,H,D,P_/,D,B,P MUNICIPALITIES4 ,?IS WAS MADE POSSIBLE ?R\< PUBLIC CRITIQUE1 POLITICAL ACTIONS1 FACE-TO-FACE MEET+S1 AS WELL AS ! ,K,C,D UMBRELLA /RUCTURE4 ,AS A :OLE ! ,K,C,D TOOK ! CRITIQUE ( MUNICIPALITIES S]I\SLY & />T$ A BROAD DISCUSSION ) ALL MEMB] ORGANIZATIONS4 ,9 ! YE>S #b#a#b--#b#a#c ! MUNICIPALITIES R$IRECT$ !IR POLICIES T[>DS A MORE ECOLOGICAL & SOCIALLY-ORI5T$ DIRECTION4 ,! ,K,C,D HAS TO BE UND]/OOD AS A /RUCTURE :]E IT SOMETIMES REQUIRES A LONG TIME TO MAKE DECISIONS AS DISCUSSIONS >E REQUE/$ BY MANY ORGANIZATIONS & MEMB]S4 ,:5 A DECISION IS TAK51 IT IS B9D+ ON ALL MEMB] ORGANIZATIONS1 AL?\< !RE IS NO BASIS = 5=CEM5T )9 ! ,TURKI% LEGAL SY/EM4 ,! PEOPLE'S C\NCIL AT CITY LEVEL ( ! ,K,C,D SY/EM /&S OV] ! (FICIAL CITY C\NCIL4 ,IF ! CITY C\NCIL HAS A MAJORITY FROM ! ,K,C,D1 !N !Y MU/ TAKE DECISIONS 9 L9E ) ! DECISIONS ( ! ,K,C,D4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! MUNICIPALITIES HAVE TO WORK CLOSELY ) ! PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLIES AT ! NEIE KEY TO DEVELOP+ DEMOCRATIC & P>TICIPATIVE CITIES4 ,PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLIES HAVE TO BE CONSID]$ ! MA9 DRIV]1 ESPECIALLY CONSID]+ ! EXI/+ REPRES5TATIVE POLITICAL /RUCTURES1 :I* >E NOT ABLE TO DEVELOP POLITICAL SOLUTIONS TO LOCAL NE$S4 ,?IS ME*ANISM ALL[S CIVIL ORGANIZATIONS & GR\PS 9 ! CITY TO 9FLU5CE DECISIONS AB\T ! CITY & IS CRUCIAL = LIMIT+ CORRUPTION & R$UC+ ALI5ATION ( ! POPULATION4 ,IF !RE IS A CRITICAL1 SOCIAL1 ECOLOGICAL & G5D]-FREE AW>5ESS 9 SOCIETY1 DECISIONS WILL IMPROVE & ! RILY YE>S ! MUNICIPALITIES & CITY C\NCILS RUL$ BY ! PEOPLE & P>TIES ( ! ,K,F,M (T5 FAIL$ TO FOLL[ ! PR9CIPLES & DECISIONS ( ! ,K,C,D1 BUT 9 ! LA/ #d--#e YE>S IT HAS *ANG$ = ! BETT]4 ,NEV]!LESS ! CONTRADICTIONS )9 ! SY/EM REMA94 ,:5 ! T]RORI/ ,ISLAMIC ,/ATE 7,I,S7 BESIEG$ ,KOBANI 9 ,ROJAVA 9 FALL #b#a#d1 MILLIONS ( PEOPLE 9 ,BAKUR & ALSO ,TURKEY REVOLT$ 9 DOZ5S ( CITIES4 ,! ,TURKI% /ATE LO/ CONTROL ( MANY CITIES & C\LD NOT HOLD ITS POSITION )\T T]RORIZ+ ! POPULATION2 MANY PEOPLE W]E SY/EMATICALLY %OT4 ,9 ?REE DAYS OV] #d CIVILIANS W]E MURD]$4 ,?IS /RONG UPRIS+1 L$ BY BROAD MASSES & JO9$ BY MANY LEFTI/ PEOPLE & O!R MOVEM5TS 9 ,BAKUR & ,TURKEY1 WAS A BIGG] %OCK = ! ,TURKI% /ATE ?AN ! UPRIS+ ( #b#f4 ,IT %[$ H[ WEAK ! BASE ( ! ,TURKI% /ATE 9 ,BAKUR ACTUALLY WAS 9 REALITY4 ,BETWE5 #bac & #bae PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLIES EM]G$ 9 MO/ URBAN NEITIALLY OV]COM+ ! WEAKNESSES ( ! FIR/ YE>S 7#b#g--#b#a#a74 ,! 9T]NAL DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES1 WOM5'S P>TICIPATION & A COMMUNAL ECOLOGICAL AW>5ESS BECAME SIGNIFICANTLY /RONG]4 ,! PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLIES ACT$ MORE CONFID5TLY 9 !IR CITIES & SOCIETY4 ,?IS WAS AN IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION TO DEMOCRATIC CULTURE & DECISION-MAK+4 ,9 #bae ! F\NDATION ( HUNDR$S ( COMMUNES SPREAD TO ! POLITICALLY WELL-ORGANIZ$ CITIES ( ,BAKUR 7E4G4 ,CIZRE1 ,GEV]1 & ,NISEB974 ,?IS DEVELOPM5T FOLL[$ ! PRACTICE 9 ,ROJAVA1 ! ,SYRIAN P>T ( ,KURDI/AN LIB]AT$ 9 #bab 9 ! MID/ ( ! 9T5SIFY+ W>1 :]E A SOCIAL REVOLUTION PROGRESS$ QUICKLY T[>DS IMPLEM5T+ RADICAL DEMOCRACY4 ,! REASON IS OBVI\S3 PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLIES AT ! NEIGE-SCALE P>TICIPATION4 ,9 ! NEIATIONS ( SELF-GOV]NANCE 9 SUMM] #bae W]E A RESULT ( ?IS /R5G!N+ ( ! PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLIES & ! SETT+ UP ( COMMUNES--I4E4 ! DEEP5+ & 5L>G+ ( RADICAL DEMOCRACY4 ,BUT !Y W]E SUBSEQU5TLY MADE 9/RUM5TAL BY ! ,TURKI% /ATE 9 ITS NEW W> AGA9/ ! ,KURDS4 ,*ALL5GES ,:5 ! ,K,C,D WAS F\ND$1 NEOLIB]ALISM )9 ! ,TURKI% /ATE WAS BECOM+ V]Y /RONG4 ,! ECONOMY POLICIES ( ! ,K,F,M 9 ! FIR/ YE>S W]E TOO WEAK TO C\NT] ! ,/ATE OR CAPITALISM4 ,NEOLIB]ALISM CREAT$ A /RONG PRESSURE ON ,K,F,M MUNICIPALITIES :]E DECISION-MAK]S W]E (T5 POLITICALLY & IDEOLOGICALLY TOO WEAK TO UND]/& OR *ALL5GE CAPITALI/ ME*ANISMS4 ,NEOLIB]ALISM ALSO AFFECT$ MANY POLITICAL ACTIVI/S FROM ! ,K,F,M4 ,YET 9 SPITE ( !SE =CES1 ! ,K,F,M PU%$ =W>D & A*IEV$ SOME RESULTS1 9CLUD+ SETT+ UP DOZ5S ( COOP]ATIVES 9 #b#a#d4 ,H[EV]1 ! CON/ITU5T ACTORS HAVE A PROBLEM 9 ?AT !Y >E UNABLE TO BALANCE !ORY & PRACTICE4 ,ONE ( ! MA9 PROBLEMS 9 PRACTICE IS ! HI]>*Y )9 ! ,K,F,M MEMB] ORGANIZATIONS1 P>TICUL>LY ! MUNICIPALITIES4 ,:ILE ON ! ONE H& A P>TICIPATIVE DEMOCRACY & A HORIZONTAL & DEC5TRALIZ$ SOCIAL LIFE IS AIM$ = & DEVELOP$1 ON ! O!R H& HI]>*ICAL & C5TRI/ RELATIONS BETWE5 CON/ITU5T ACTORS CONT9UE TO EXI/ 9 A HIDD5 WAY4 ,)9 ! NEW ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURES HI]>*IES CONT9UE TO EXI/ & EV51 UND] C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES1 GR[ FROM TIME TO TIME4 ,! 9T]V5TIONS ( ! ,TURKI% NATION-/ATE AGA9/ ! CON/ITU5T ACTORS HAS L$ TO 9/ABILITY4 ,9 #bi MASSIVE >RE/S />T$ AGA9/ ACTIVI/S & CONT9U$ UNTIL #bab AS ! SO-CALL$ 0,K,C,K OP]ATIONS10 :I* 9T]RUPT$ ! DEVELOPM5T ( P>TICIPATIVE /RUCTURES1 BR++ NUM]\S ORGANIZATIONS TO EXI/5TIAL PROBLEMS4 ,AFT] ! NEW W> COMM5C$ 9 #bae >RE/S & REPRESSIONS F> EXCE$$ ?OSE ( PRIOR YE>S1 & SOME ORGANIZATIONS C\LD NO LONG] FUNCTION4 ,S9CE !N1 MUNICIPALITIES HAVE BE5 USURP$ BY ! ,TURKI% GOV]NM5T & ! W> HAS AFFECT$ MANY CITIES 9 A NUMB] ( WAYS4 ,URBAN ,W>F>E & ! ,NEW ,WAVE ( ,G5TRIFICATION ,:5 ! ,TURKI% GOV]NM5T UNILAT]ALLY RECOMM5C$ W> 9 ,JULY #bae AGA9/ ! ,P,K,K & ,KURDS1 IT WAS A MATT] ( A FEW WEEKS UNTIL ! W> REA*$ ! CITIES ( ,BAKUR4 ,/ATE =CES MET ! /RONG RESI/ANCE ( ! ORGANIZ$ POPULATION ) SU* HEAVY & BRUTAL MILIT>Y MEANS ?AT HUNDR$S ( CIVILIANS W]E MURD]$4 ,H[EV]1 ! MASSIVE PHYSICAL DE/RUCTION ( CITIES OCCURR$ AFT] ! CESSATION ( >M$ CONFLICT4 ,! ,/ATE BLOCKAD$ ! CONTE/$ CITIES1 SY/EMATICALLY ]AS+ P>TS ( ! CITIES ( ,CIZRE & ,GEV]1 MO/ ( 8IRNEX & ,NISEB91 & HALF ( ! OLD CITY ( ,AM$1 CALL$ ,SUR4 ,! H\SES ( MORE ?AN #b1 PEOPLE W]E DE/ROY$1 LEAV+ REFUGEES TO DISP]SE TO O!R CITIES ( ,BAKUR4 ,! W> HAS BE5 US$ BY ! ,TURKI% /ATE AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO DE/ROY CITIES OR NEIM$ CLA%ES TOOK PLACE--NO NEI 9 ! M\NTA9S ( ,BAKUR BETWE5 ! ,TURKI% ,>MY & ! ,P,K,K GU]RILLA CONT9UES AT AN 9T5SIVE LEVEL4 ,POLITICAL PRESSURE ON ! :OLE POPULATION 9 ,BAKUR IS 9CREAS+1 P>TICUL>LY ?R\< ! /ATE ( EM]G5CY DECL>$ 9 ,JULY #b#a#f4 ,MORE ?AN #a1 PUBLIC EMPLOYES HAVE LO/ !IR JOBS1 & #a1 POLITICALLY ACTIVE ,KURDS HAVE BE5 >RE/$1 ALMO/ ALL ,H,D,P-RUL$ MUNICIPALITIES HAVE BE5 SEIZ$ BY ! ,/ATE ?R\< ! APPO9TM5T ( /ATE COMMISSION]S4 ,HUNDR$S ( ASSOCIATIONS 9 ,BAKUR HAVE BE5 CLOS$ & ! OPPRESSION ON ! ,KURDI% M$IA IS SO /RONG ?AT ALL FREE M$IA HAS BE5 %UT D[N4 ,! ,/ATE HAS BANN$ DE FACTO ! ,KURDI% LANGUAGE 9 CITIES --SIGNS >E NO LONG] BIL+UAL1 MUNICIPAL-OP]AT$ ,KURDI% K9D]G>T5S & !AT]S HAVE BE5 %UT D[N1 & ,KURDI% BOOKS HAVE BE5 DE/ROY$4 ,9 ! /REETS FLY T5S ( ?\S&S ( ,TURKI% FLAGS4 ,ALL Y\?1 CULTURAL1 SOCIAL1 & WOM5'S C5T]S HAVE BE5 %UT D[N OR SEIZ$1 ) NEW P]SONNEL & MAT]IALS REPLAC$ ) TOTALLY CONTR>Y CONT5T4 ,MORE ?AN TWO DOZ5 COOP]ATIVES L9K$ TO ! MUNICIPALITIES HAVE BE5 %UT D[N4 ,MO/ SOCIAL1 ECOLOGICAL & WOM5-FOCUS$ DEVELOPM5TS IMPLEM5T$ S9CE #aiii BY ! ,K,F,M HAVE BE5 DE/ROY$ OR REV]S$4 ,:AT IS BE+ EXP]I5C$ 9 ,BAKUR IS OP5 DICTATOR%IP--FASCISM IS NOT F> AWAY4 ,! L>G] AIM ( ! ,/ATE IS TO CREATE CONTRADICTIONS AMONG ! ,KURDS & M>G9ALIZE ! ,K,F,M 9 ,BAKUR4 ,BUT IT HAS NOT WORK$4 ,AL?\< PEOPLE DO NOT DEMON/RATE MU* & SELDOM JO9 PROTE/ ACTIONS1 !Y >E YET TO SUPPORT ! ,/ATE4 ,ANY SUGGE/ION !Y DO IS M]ELY ,TURKI% PROPAG&A4 ,PEOPLE /ILL FEEL CLOSE TO ! ,K,F,M1 RECALL+ ITS LONG /RUGGLE = FRE$OM & DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION S9CE #b4 ,KURDS :O SUPPORT ! ,A,K,P >E /ILL A M9ORITY4 ,DESPITE ! REPRESSIONS1 ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! ,BAKUR PEOPLE REMA9 9 !IR HOMEL&4 ,! NUMB] ( REFUGEES 9 ,EUROPE OR ELSE:]E FROM ,BAKUR IS /ILL SMALL--ONLY PEOPLE FAC$ ) >RE/ LEAVE ,BAKUR4 ,?IS IS A KEY DIFF]5CE COMP>$ ) ! #a#i#iS4 ,! MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION FEELS ?AT ! ,A,K,P GOV]NM5T CANNOT MA9TA9 ?IS LEVEL ( OPPRESSION 9 ! LONG T]M1 & ! DAY ( ITS BREAKD[N IS CLOSE4 ,IT SEEMS ?AT AN APPROPRIATE MOM5T TO REVOLT AGA9/ ! ,/ATE AWAITS ! CITIES & VILLAGES ( ,BAKUR4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,FEBRU>Y #a#b1 #bba 3 ,P>T #c -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/