,*APT] #d 
,ECOLOGY 9 ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,TEXT 3 

#d4 ,ECOLOGY 9 ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM 

  

BY ,]CAN ,AYBOGA 

,ECOLOGY DISCUSSIONS & PRACTICES 9 ! ,KURDI% ,FRE$OM ,/RUGGLE ) A FOCUS ON ,NOR? ,KURDI/AN 7,BAKUR7 ,MESOPOTAMIA ,ECOLOGY ,MOVEM5T1  
WWW4MEZOPOTAMYAEKOLOJI4ORG 

,ECOLOGY IS ONE ( ! ?REE PILL>S ( ! P>ADIGM ( ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM1 ! POLITICAL-!ORETICAL CONCEPT ( ! ,KURDI% ,FRE$OM ,MOVEM5T4 ,BESIDES DEMOCRACY & G5D] LIB]ATION1 ECOLOGY HAS BE5 M5TION$ EXPLICITLY AS A DIM5SION 9 ?IS CONCEPT S9CE #b#e4 ,H[EV] TO DATE1 ECOLOGY IS LESS DISCUSS$ & PRACTIC$ ?AN ! TWO O!R PILL>S4 

,ECOLOGICAL ,DE/RUCTION & ,EXPLOITATION 9 ,KURDI/AN 

  

,) ! WIDESPREAD 9TRODUCTION ( CAPITALISM TO ,KURDI/AN 9 ! #a#i#eS CAME A SY/EMIC & DE/RUCTIVE EXPLOITATION ( NATURE4 ,! F\R COLONIALI/ /ATES -,TURKEY1 ,IRAN1 ,IRAQ & ,SYRIA -- />T$ TO PLAN L>GE 5]GY1 M9+1 AGRICULTURE1 9FRA/RUCTURE & O!R 9VE/M5T PROJECTS :OSE IMPLEM5TATION L$ TO EXCE$+LY GRAVE ECOLOGICAL DE/RUCTION & EXPLOITATION4.<#a.> ,?IS IS CAUS$1 AMONG O!R FACTORS1 BY ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMIC MODEL1 RESPECTIVELY L[ ECOLOGICAL & SOCIAL /&>DS 9 ! IMPLEM5TATION ( ! MANY PROJECTS AS WELL AS BY ! SIMPLE FACT ?AT ,KURDI/AN HAS ! DE FACTO /ATUS ( A QU>T]$ COLONY4 ,:ILE KEEP+ ! COLONIAL /ATUS1 ! HEGEMONIAL /ATES 9TRODUC$ /EP BY /EP1 US+ ECONOMIC AS WELL AS MILIT>Y MEASURES1 CAPITALI/ RELATIONS 9TO ! SOCIETIES ( ,KURDI/AN4 ,9 ! #a#i#gS ! CON/RUCTION ( NUM]\S L>GE PROJECTS -- P>TICUL>LY DAMS1 OIL-DRILL+ & M9+ -- HAD BE5 REALIZ$ ?R\< ! EX]CISE ( ! HEGEMONIC P[] ( ! HI<LY C5TRALIZ$ /ATES 9 ! F\R P>TS ( ,KURDI/AN UND] ! PRETEXT ( PROGRESS4 ,AFT] ! FIR/ PREP>ATION WORK 9 ! #a#i#fS1 AGRICULTURE />T$ TO BE 9DU/RIALIZ$ 9 ! #a#i#gS1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,WE/ ,KURDI/AN 7,ROJAVA7 & ,NOR? ,KURDI/AN 7,BAKUR71 LAT] 9 ,S\? 7,BA8UR7 & ,EA/ ,KURDI/AN 7,ROJHILAT74 

,ONE RESULT ( !SE POLICIES WAS ?AT COMMUNAL & SOLID>ITY-BAS$ RELATIONS BECAME WEAK] 9 ! SOCIETY ( ,KURDI/AN4 ,! 9FRA/RUCTURE PROJECTS & 9VE/M5TS W]E DESIGN$ & IMPLEM5T$ ) ABSOLUTELY NO CONSULTATION ( ! LOCAL POPULATION & ?R\< AN AU?ORIT>IAN APPROA*1 W]E 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! COLONIALI/ /ATES & ! COLONIALI/ & COLLABORATIVE ,KURDI% UPP] CLASSES & AIM$ A PR(IT MAXIMIZATION ?R\< CAPITALI/ MOD]NIZATION1 OPPRESSION & A DEEP5+ ASSIMILATION4 ,:ILE ?IS DEVELOPM5T WAS /ILL SL[ 9 ! #a#i#eS & #a#i#fS1 IT TOOK ON A ACCEL]AT+ *>ACT] 9 ! #a#i#gS4 ,AS A RESULT ( ! IMPLEM5TATION ( L>GE 9FRA/RUCTURE PROJECTS 9 RURAL >EAS & ! CONSEQU5T DISPLACEM5T ( HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S2 ! 9DU/RIALIZATION ( AGRICULTURE2 ! CONT9U\S ECONOMICALLY-DRIV5 MIGRATION ( RURAL PEOPLE2 RAPID URBANIZATION2 9DU/RIALIZATION2 & ! COLONIALI/ W>S AGA9/ ! POPULATION AS FROM ! #a#i#hS2 SOCIETY HAS LO/ = A BIG P>T ITS *>ACT]I/ICS ( SOLID>ITY & COMMUNALITY4 ,! MA9 *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! PRE-CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES W]E COMMUNALI/ APPROA* & SOLID>ITY ON DECISION-MAK+1 ECONOMY1 SOCIALITY1 CULTURE & O!RS ISSUES1 BUT DIFF]5T 9T5SITY ( FEUDAL & CONS]VATIVE =MS W]E ALSO PRES5T4 ,S9CE ! #a#i#iS1 ! NUMB] ( IMPLEM5T$ L>GE PROJECTS1 AS WELL AS ! LIVELIHOODS ( PEOPLE & ECONOMIC RELATIONS1 EXP]I5C$ GRAVE *ANGES4 ,! SURVIV+ ELEM5TS ( ! SUBSI/5CE ECONOMY & LOCAL CIRCLES ( ECONOMY W]E M>G9ALIZ$ & ,KURDI/AN BECAME FULLY P>T ( ! 0NATIONAL M>KET0 ( EA* /ATE & 5T]$ ! NEOLIB]AL GLOBAL M>KET4 

,! =M] TIMES W]E C]TA9LY FULL ( HI]>*Y1 PATRI>*Y & DISCRIM9ATION1 BUT ! TRANSITION TO CAPITALISM WAS A BRUTAL BREAK 9 ! SOCIAL & HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T & 9 A C]TA9 WAY IT HAS EV5 DEEP5$ SOCIETAL SEXISM & PATRI>*Y4 ,TO UND]/& :AT HAS BE5 DIM9I%$ 9 !SE DECADES1 ! FOLL[+ APPROA*ES & *>ACT]I/ICS ( COMMUNALISM & SOLID>ITY W]E ]OD$ BETWE5 ! #a#i#eS & #a#i#iS4 ,TYPICALLY3  

,AL?\< USUALLY NOT 9CLUSIVE CONC]N+ SEX & AGE1 MANY VILLAGES HAD 9 PRACTICE A K9D ( ASSEMBLY ( MO/LY OLD] M5 & SOMETIMES ( SOME OLD] WOM5 :I* GA!R$ IF NECESS>Y & TOOK DECISIONS4  

,SOLID>ITY ON ECONOMICAL ISSUES WAS COMMON4 ,= EXAMPLE1 :5 A FAMILY OR A H\SEHOLD WANT$ TO BUILD A NEW H\SE1 ! :OLE 7OR MO/7 ( ! VILLAGE JO9$ ! CON/RUCTION = AT LEA/ SEV]AL DAYS :I* W]E CRUCIAL TO BUILD+ WORK PROCE$+ SIGNIFICANTLY4  

,IT WAS USUAL ?AT ! ANIMALS ( ALL H\SEHOLDS HAVE BE5 GRAZ$ TOGE!R 9 APPROPRIATE LOCATIONS4 ,?IS WAS MANAG$ 9 TURN BY ALL H\SEHOLDS4  

,:5 A H\SEHOLD HAD A BAD YE> ( H>VE/1 ! O!RS 9 ! VILLAGE SUPPORT$ ! AFFECT$ FAMILY BY SUPPLY+ !M ) ! BASIC FOODS4  

,:5 A H\SEHOLD LACK$ YEA/ = COOK+ BREAD OR MILK1 ! NEI<BORS %>$ IT )\T HESITATION OR ANY DISCUSSION4 ,9 ! FOLL[+ DAYS ! SUPPORT$ H\SEHOLD PUT ! SAME AM\NT 9 ! FRONT ( ! H\SE :OSE FAMILY GAVE ! SUPPORT4  

,:5 A H\SEHOLD HAD A L>GE H>VE/ ( A C]TA9 PRODUCT 7LIKE WALNUT71 IT WAS (T5 ! PRACTICE TO %>E SOME ( ! SURPLUS ) O!RS 9 & >\ND ! VILLAGE4  

,SOLID>ITY ON SOCIAL AFFAIRS WAS ALSO COMMON4 ,= EXAMPLE1 :5 ONE OR TWO P>5TS ( A FAMILY DI$ OR W]E =C$ TO MIGRATE 9 SE>* ( WORK1 !N ! O!RS 9 ! VILLAGE TOOK C>E ( ! *ILDR5 :O C\LD NOT SUPPORT !MSELVES4  

,!RE WAS CULTURAL SOLID>ITY4 ,9 ! EV5+S (T5 PEOPLE GA!R$ 9 ONE ( ! H\SES & %>$ /ORIES1 MY?S1 POEMS & SONGS AMONG EA* O!R4  
  

,KURDI/AN BELONGS WORLDWIDE TO ! C\NTRIES :]E UNTIL REC5TLY CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY.<#b.> WAS WEAK & SOLID>ITY & COMMUNAL /RUCTURES 9 ! SOCIETIES W]E /ILL EXI/+ 9 A SIGNIFICANT WAY4 ,TODAY ! OLD] G5]ATIONS ( ,KURDI/AN REMEMB] QUITE WELL H[ LIFE WAS UNTIL ! #a#i#fS OR #a#i#gS4 

,!RE IS NO OBJECTIVE TO ROMANTICIZE ! LIFE SEV]AL DECADES AGO1 BUT NEV]!LESS !RE WAS A SIGNIFICANT SOLID>ITY & %>+ 9 ! SOCIETY & NOT EV]Y?+ WAS VALU$ MONET>ILY2 LIFE & COMMODIFICATION.<#c.> WAS NOT MAT]IALIZ$ AS IT IS ! CASE TODAY4 

,/>T ( ,DISCUSSION ON ,ECOLOGY 

  

,AFT] TWO DECADES ( FRE$OM /RUGGLE 9 ,NOR? ,KURDI/AN1 9 ! #a#i#iS ! ,KURDI% ,FRE$OM ,MOVEM5T 7,K,F,M7 />T$ TO DISCUSS ! ECOLOGICAL QUE/ION ON A ,KURDI% & GLOBAL LEVEL4 ,! DISCUSSION TOOK PLACE AGA9/ ! BACKGR\ND ( ! SY/EMATIC DE/RUCTION 9 ,BAKUR ?R\< ! ,TURKI% ,/ATE'S W> ON ,KURDS2 MORE ?AN #b1#e MILLION DISPLAC$ PEOPLE W]E CONFRONT$ 9 A BRUTAL WAY ) ! URBAN & CAPITALI/IC LIFE :ILE ,TURKI% /ATE =CES DE/ROY$ UP TO #d VILLAGES & TOR*$ HUGE =E/$ >EAS 9 ,BAKUR4 ,! MAJORITY ( ! DISPLAC$ PEOPLE HAD BE5 LIV+ BE=E 9 A MA9LY SUBSI/5CE ECONOMY ) REGIONAL PRODUCT CIRCULATION & LIMIT$ ECOLOGICAL DAMAGE4 ,P>TICUL>LY BETWE5 #aiib & #aiie L>GE >EAS W]E DEPOPULAT$ & MANY CITIES 9 ,BAKUR (T5 D\BL$ !IR POPULATION )\T BE+ PREP>$ 9 ANY WAY & )\T SUPPORT FROM ! ,TURKI% GOV]NM5T OR O!RS4 

,9 ! #a#i#iS ESPECIALLY ! POLITICAL LEAD] ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN ( ! ,KURDI% ,FRE$OM ,MOVEM5T 7,K,F,M7 QUE/ION$ ! EM]G5CE ( NEO-LIB]AL CAPITALISM1 ) NEW ANALYZES 9 G5]AL & NOTABLY 9 RELATION TO NEOLIB]ALISM'S IMPACTS ON NATURE4 ,P>TICUL>LY ! CONCEPT ( GR[?1 & ! 9CREAS+ DISCONNECTION ( PR(IT FROM PRODUCTION HAS BE5 CRITICIZ$ 9 ,OCALAN'S WRIT+S & SPEE*ES4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 HE IS SPEAK+ AGA9/ ! GR[+ NUMB] ( L>GE 9VE/M5T PROJECTS BECAUSE ( ! HUGE & IRREP>ABLE DE/RUCTION ( NATURE !Y CAUSE4 ,H]E HE 9CLUD$ ALSO ! CLIMATE *ANGE :I*1 AMONG O!RS1 HE CONSID]$ AS AN ACCEL]ATION ( ECOLOGICAL DE/RUCTION BY CAPITALISM4 ,TO DE/ROY NATURE = ! 9T]E/ ( C5TRAL GOV]NM5TS & PR(IT ( COMPANIES MEANS USUALLY TO DE/ROY ! BASIS ( LIFE ( MILLIONS4 ,! MASSIVE ECOLOGICAL DE/RUCTION AFFECTS S]I\SLY HUMAN LIFE4 ,(T5 L>GE PROJECTS DISPLACE A L>GE NUMB] ( PEOPLE &_/OR EXPLOIT ! L& & SURR\ND+ >EAS :I* !Y >E =C$ TO LEAVE4 ,OCALAN ALSO DISCUSS$ ! DISCONNECTION ( PEOPLE TO NATURE & :AT K9D ( IMPACTS ?IS C\LD HAVE ON PEOPLE'S M9DS & ! RELATION ( PEOPLE TO EA* O!R4 ,9 A FUNDAM5TAL WAY ! ALI5ATION ( PEOPLE HAS BE5 PUT 9 RELATION TO ! DISCONNECTION ( PEOPLE FROM NATURE4 ,AT ?IS PO9T ,OCALAN CONNECTS ! DISCUSSION ON ECOLOGY ) 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ HI]>*Y :I* HAS ITS ROOTS 9 PATRI>*Y4 

,BUT ECOLOGY HAD NOT F\ND A PLACE AT ! CORE ( ! ONGO+ DISCUSSIONS 9 ! #a#i#iS4 ,IT WAS NEW1 NOT YET !ORETICALLY /RONGLY DEVELOP$ & 9 ! %AD[ ( ! ONGO+ BRUTAL W> ( ! ,TURKI% /ATE4 ,! C5TRAL !ORETICAL DISCUSSION AT ?AT TIME FOCUS$ ON HI<LY IMPORTANT TOPIC ( WOM5'S LIB]ATION4 ,AT ?AT TIME1 IT WAS MO/ URG5T = ! ,KURDS TO DISCUSS ! LIB]ATION ( WOM5 AS IT WAS ! MA9 TOOL = OV]COM+ CONS]VATIVE & HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURES 9 SOCIETY4 ,H[EV] AN IMPORTANT P>T ( ! REVOLUTION>IES & POLITICAL ACTIVI/S )9 ! ,K,F,M TOOK NOTE ( ! DISCUSSION ON ECOLOGY ( ! #a#i#iS4 ,IT 9FLU5C$ 9 ! FOLL[+ YE>S ! M9DS ( ?\S&S ( POLITICALLY 5GAG$ & 9T]E/$ PEOPLE4 ,OCALAN'S DISCUSSION %[$ A /RATEGIC APPROA* AS IT WAS A DISCUSSION :I* WAS AHEAD ( ! TIMES 9 COMP>ISON ) ALL O!R LEFT7I/7-DEMOCRATIC GR\PS & MOVEM5TS 9 ,KURDI/AN & ,TURKEY4 ,OCALAN WAS RA!R AT ! SAME LEVEL ) SOME GLOBAL DISCUSSIONS & MOVEM5TS :I* HAD />T$ TO DISCUSS ! ECOLOGICAL CONTRADICTION4 

,MUNICIPALITIES 9 ,BAKUR -- ,*ALL5GE TO ,DEVELOP AN ,ECOLOGICAL ,PRACTICE 

  

,%ORTLY AFT] ,OCALAN HAS BE5 KIDNAPP$ ?R\< AN 9T]NATIONAL PLOT UND] ! CO-ORD9ATION ( ! ,U,S,A & DELIV]$ TO ! ,TURKI% /ATE 9 #a#i#i#i1 ! >M$ /RUGGLE ( ! ,KURDI/AN ,WORK]S ,P>TY 7,P,K,K7 /OPP$1 & A NEW & BROAD DISCUSSION ON MEANS & P]SPECTIVES ( ! FRE$OM /RUGGLE />T$ :ILE GIV+ PRIORITY TO ! POLITICAL-CIVIL /RUGGLE4 ,! AIM TO SET UP A 0,KURDI% /ATE0 HAS BE5 GIV5 UP F9ALLY4 ,9 ! SAME YE> 9 ! LOCAL ELECTIONS SEV]AL IMPORTANT MUNICIPALITIES HAD BE5 WON BY ,H,A,D,E,P1 ! ,PEOPLE'S ,DEMOCRACY ,P>TY1 ! LEGAL P>TY ( ! ,K,F,M AT ?AT TIME4 ,! GA9$ MUNICIPALITIES -- AMONG !M ,AM$ 7,DIY>BAKIR71 ,BATMAN & ,WAN 7,VAN7 -- BECAME ESS5TIAL ELEM5TS ( ! FRE$OM /RUGGLE ( ! ,KURDS4 ,?IS CO9CID$ ) DECREAS+ REPRESSIVE CONDITIONS MA9LY BECAUSE ( ! /OP ( ! >M$ /RUGGLE4 ,?IS FACILITAT$ ! SPACE = ! MUNICIPALITIES1 ,H,A,D,E,P & O!R ORGANIZATIONS ( ! ,K,F,M TO SPREAD !IR [N POLITICAL IDEAS & TO GET BETT] 9 CONTACT ) NEW & NOT POLITICALLY ORGANIZ$ P>TS ( ! SOCIETY4 ,:AT HAS BE5 CLAIM$ = YE>S1 NAMELY ?AT ! ,K,F,M HAS BETT] & MU* MORE DEMOCRATIC CONCEPTS1 C\LD BE IMPLEM5T$ AT LOCAL LEVEL ?R\< MUNICIPALITIES & O!R POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME ! DYNAMIC CREAT$ BY ! >M$ /RUGGLE DID NOT EXI/ ANYMORE4 ,A %IFT 9 ! WAY ( ?9K+ & ACT+ BECAME NECESS>Y4 

,BETWE5 #aiii & #bd ,H,A,D,E,P ADM9I/]$ #cg MUNICIPALITIES & HAS BE5 *ALL5G$ TO PROVE TO ! POPULATION ?AT IT IS CAPABLE TO GOV]N BETT] & MORE SOCIALLY-RESPONSIBLY ?AN ALL O!R AU?ORIT>IAN & CORRUPT$ POLITICAL P>TIES ( ! HEGEMONIC SY/EM4 ,AFT] TAK+ OV] ( ! MUNICIPALITIES ! /ATE REPRESSION NEV] CEAS$1 BUT IT WAS MU* LESS ?AN 9 ! #a#i#iS4 ,RA!R ! ,/ATE'S APPROA* WAS TO GIVE SOME SPACE1 BUT TO BR+ ! ,H,A,D,E,P 7REPLAC$ 9 #bb BY ,D,E,H,A,P1 #bd ,D,T,P1 #bi ,B,D,P & #bad ,H,D,P_/,D,B,P7 MUNICIPALITIES ) C]TA9 IMPOS$ POLICIES1 9CLUD+ *ALL5G+ FRAMEWORKS LIKE NEO-LIB]ALISM & ADM9I/RATIVE C5TRALISM1 TO A PO9T :]E !Y W\LD FAIL1 ?US LOOSE ! FOLL[+ LOCAL ELECTIONS & F9ALLY LOSE !IR ATTRACTIVITY4 

,! ,H,A,D,E,P MUNICIPALITIES1 & 9 BROAD] T]MS ! ,KURDI% ,FRE$OM ,MOVEM5T1 HAVE ! DECL>$ POLITICAL GOAL ( CREAT+ A DEMOCRATIC-ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY ) ! YE> #b4 ,IT WAS EXPRESS$ PUBLICLY ?AT ! APPROA* TO ! NATURE W\LD BE RESPECTFUL2 NATURAL SITES W\LD BE CONS]V$ & DEVELOP$ )9 ! CITIES & !IR SURR\ND+S W\LD BE MORE CLEAN & GRE52 & ! 9VE/M5TS PROJECTS W\LD NOT BE IMPLEM5T$ AT ! EXP5SE ( NATURE4 ,! PRACTICE HAD TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFF]5T FROM MUNICIPALITIES RUL$ BY O!R P>TIES :I* 9 ,KURDI/AN DID NOT C>E 9 ANY WAY = ECOLOGICAL LIFE4 

,!SE FIR/ YE>S W]E ! TIME :5 ?\S&S ( POLITICAL ACTIVI/S & O!R POLITICALLY-9T]E/$ PEOPLE 9 ,KURDI/AN & ,TURKEY />T$ TO READ >TICLES & BOOKS ON ECOLOGY & P>TICUL>LY SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 9CLUD+ ,MURRAY ,BOOK*94 ,?IS BR\<T =W>D ! DISCUSSION H[ AN ECOLOGICAL LIFE %\LD BE DEVELOP$ & :AT ?AT C\LD MEAN 9 LONG-T]M & %ORT-T]M POLITICS4 ,IT AFFECT$ ALSO SOME EMPLOYES & POLITICIANS 9 ! MUNICIPALITIES4 ,?IS WAS IMPORTANT AS ! DIFF]5CE CAN BE OBS]V$ SOMETIMES 9 ! DETAILS4 ,IT %\LD BE CONSID]$ ?AT 9 ! :OLE /ATE ( ,TURKEY ! DISCUSSIONS ON A MORE ECOLOGICAL OR 0SU/A9ABLE0 C\NTRY W]E QUITE NEW1 & POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS AGA9/ DE/RUCTIVE & EXPLOITATIVE DEVELOPM5TS & PROJECTS W]E R>ELY C>RI$ \T4 ,BUT IT WAS ALSO ! TIME :5 9 SEV]AL REGIONS /RUGGLES AGA9/ L>GE 9VE/M5T PROJECTS CAME UP4 ,9 ,BAKUR TWO /RUGGLES BECAME WIDELY KN[N4 ,ONE WAS AGA9/ ! ,ILISU ,DAM ON ! ,TIGRIS :I* IS PLANN$ TO FLOOD A L>GE P>T ( ! ,TIGRIS ,VALLEY & ! ANCI5T T[N ( ,HASANKEYF4 ,ANO!R ONE WAS AGA9/ SEV]AL DAMS ON ! ,MUNZUR ,RIV] 9 ,D]SIM :]E LIVE MA9LY PEOPLE ( ,ALEVI BELIEVE4 ,BO? /RUGGLES GA9$ BIG SUPPORT AMONG ! ,KURDS4 ,! ,KURDI% SOCIETY />T$ TO DISCUSS = ! FIR/ TIME ISSUES ( RIV]S1 DAMS1 5]GY1 CULTURAL & NATURAL H]ITAGE & DEVELOPM5T 9 RELATION TO EA* O!R ON A BROAD] SCALE ?AT CONTRIBUT$ TO AN 9CREASE ( A CRITICAL AW>5ESS ON !SE ISSUES4 

,H[EV]1 9 FACT ! GA9$ MUNICIPALITIES 9 !IR FIR/ P]IOD 7UNTIL #b#d7 %[$ A PRACTICE :I* WAS BY F> BETT] ?AN ! O!RS FROM AN ECOLOGICAL PO9T ( VIEW4 ,! CITIES BECAME CLEAN] & HEAL?I] ) IMPROVEM5T ( ! WA/E SY/EM1 ALSO 9 ! POORE/ NEI<BORHOODS :I* HAD BE5 NEGLECT$ = DECADES4 ,! DR9K+ WAT] SUPPLY & SEWAGE MANAGEM5T WAS IMPROV$ SIGNIFICANTLY 9 SEV]AL CITIES )9 FEW YE>S4 ,! GRE5 >EA P] P]SON 9CREAS$ TOO4 ,! SITES ( CULTURAL H]ITAGE GOT MORE ATT5TION & ACCESSIBILITY = ! PUBLIC4 ,MORE PUBLIC SPACES LIKE SQU>ES OR M>KET PLACES HAD BE5 BUILD UP4 ,! PUBLIC TRANSPORT HAD BE5 DEVELOP$ TO ALL SETTL$ >EAS & = A COMP>ATIVELY L[ PRICE4 ,SOME DESIGN$ L>GE PROJECTS ) PROBLEMATIC SOCIAL & ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS HAD BE5 CANCEL$ OR *ANG$ BY ! MUNICIPALITIES OR NOT FOLL[$ UP4 ,! LIFE CONDITIONS 9 ! POOR QU>T]S HAD BE5 IMPROV$ ALSO BY PAV+ ! /REETS1 BUILD+ SOCIAL 9FRA/RUCTURE LIKE SOCIAL C5T]S OR WA%+ C5T]S = CLO!S & ! NEGLECTION ( UNPAID WAT] BILLS4 ,EF=TS TO 9CLUDE CIVIL SOCIETY GR\PS 9 ! DECISION-MAK+ PROCESS ON MANY PROJECTS & EV5 CITY PLANN+ BECAME DAY TO DAY REALITY4 ,WE CAN /ATE ?AT 9 ! V]Y BEG9N+ !RE W]E MANY URG5T WORKS 9 ! FIELD ( BASIC S]VICES ?AT HAD TO BE UND]TAK54 ,! LIV+ QUALITY 9 MO/ CITIES WAS UND] A BIG ?REAT -- A /RESS ?AT WAS EXAC]BAT$ BY ! SITUATION ( ?OSE DISPLAC$ BY CONFLICT 9 ! #a#i#iS4 

,AL?\< !SE POSITIVE DEVELOPM5TS OCCURR$1 !RE WAS LACK ( AN OV]ALL CONS5SUS AS TO H[ TO DEVELOP A FUR!R & FUTURE ECOLOGICAL POLICY & ! BIGG] ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT C\LD NOT BE EXPLA9$ WELL4 ,ALMO/ ALL MAYORS & POLICY DECISION MAK]S ( ! MUNICIPALITIES & O!R /RUCTURES ( ! ,K,F,M DID NOT CONSID] ! ECOLOGICAL P]SPECTIVE AS ONE ( ! MA9 /RATEGIC APPROA*ES & IT REMA9$ (T5 SECOND>Y IF O!R ASPECTS PREVAIL$4 ,! ECOLOGICAL CONSCI\SNESS ( SU* PEOPLE /AY$ LIMIT$ ) ! PRAGMATISM ( P>LIAM5T>ISM4 ,?IS WAS NOT V]Y SURPRIS+ AS ! G5]AL POLITICAL MOVEM5T /AY$ WEAK 9 ! FIELD ( ECOLOGY & ! DISCUSSION WAS QUITE NEW = ! MOVEM5T 9 G5]AL & P>TICUL>LY = ! BROAD] SOCIETY4 ,!RE W]E NO /RONG ACTORS )9 SOCIETY :O CLAIM$ A /RONG] ECOLOGICAL POLICY BY ! MUNICIPALITIES4 ,9 !SE YE>S ! =E-M5TION$ ECOLOGI/ MOVEM5TS AGA9/ DAM PROJECTS CONC5TRAT$ !IR EF=TS ON ! DAM PROJECTS2 & ! NEW 05VIRONM5TAL0 ASSOCIATIONS & CIVIL ORGANIZATIONS ?AT W]E EM]G+ 9 ! CITIES1 9CLUD+ ORGANIZATIONS ( 5G9E]S1 >*ITECTS1 LAWY]S & M$ICAL DOCTORS1 DID NOT YET DEM& /RONGLY 5\< ECOLOGICAL CRIT]IA TO BE 9CLUD$ 9 URBAN DEVELOPM5T4 

,!RE W]E TWO O!R ASPECTS ( RELEVANCE4 ,! FIR/ IS ?AT ! SOCIETY WAS ONLY JU/ EM]G+ FROM AN EXT5D$ P]IOD ( 9T5SIVE SY/EMATIC /ATE T]ROR & WAS /ILL 9 A PHASE ( BASIC RECOV]Y4 ,! POLITICAL FOCUS ( ! ,K,F,M WAS MA9LY ON ! HUMAN RI<T VIOLATIONS ( ! #a#i#iS & ! DEM& = ,KURDI% ID5TITY 9 ,BAKUR TO BE ACCEPT$ ) BASIC AUTONOM\S RI<TS )9 ! ,REPUBLIC ( ,TURKEY4 ,! SECOND IS ?AT CAPITALISM 9 ,KURDI/AN BECAME V]Y /RONG AFT] ! CRISIS ( #b#a4 ,9 #b#c-#b#d1 ! (FICIAL ECONOMIC GR[? RATE A*IEV$ UP TO T5 P]C5T1 ! MONEY 9 ! ECONOMY ACCUMULAT$ SIGNIFICANTLY & EV]Y:]E NEW & L>G] 9VE/M5TS W]E DONE4 ,MANY MORE PEOPLE />T$ TO E>N BIG AM\NTS ( MONEY ?R\< TRADE & 9VE/M5TS4 ,?IS CREAT$ AN 9T5SE PRESSURE ALSO ON ! CITIES 9 ,BAKUR & APPROA*ES TO OP5 SPACE = PRIVATE 9VE/ORS AFFECT$ ALMO/ ALL MUNICIPALITIES :I* SUFF]$ FROM /RUCTURAL F9ANCIAL L[ 9COME4 ,!SE W]E ! YE>S :5 NEO-LIB]ALISM 5T]$ ,BAKUR4 

,9 ,BAKUR & ALSO 9 ,BA8UR 7) ! ,U,S OCCUPATION 9 #b#c7 & ,ROJHILAT1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( EXTRACTIVE 9DU/RIES 7M9+1 OIL & GAS7 BECAME V]Y DRAMATIC 9 !SE YE>S4 ,9VE/M5T PROJECTS 9 ALL FIELDS HAD BECOME WIDESPREAD4 ,9 ?IS S5SE ! RURAL >EAS HAD BE5 CONFRONT$ ) ! FOLL[+ PROJECTS3 ALL RIV]S %\LD BE TRANS=M$ BY HUNDR$S ( DAMS 9TO >TIFICIAL LAKES OR DRI$ \T BY DIV]SION DAMS2 ?\S&S ( LIC5SES HAD BE5 COMMISSION$ TO COMPANIES = TE/ M9E DRILL+2 ALL MA9 ROADS />T$ TO BE BROAD5$2 MEGA COAL PLANTS HAD BE5 CON/RUCT$ 9 SEV]AL PROV9CES2 ONE ( ! WORLD'S L>GE/ CEM5T FACTORY HAD BE5 CON/RUCT$2 ,BAKUR HAD BECOME A HOT SPOT = FRACK+2 & F9ALLY ! :OLE AGRICULTURAL L& -- EV5 ! M\NTA9\S >EAS -- FAC$ FA/ *ANGE ACCORD+ TO CAPITALI/IC M>KET RULES4 ,! /ATE PLANN]S />T$ TO CONSID] EA* SQU>E MET] 9 T]MS ( F9ANCIALLY EXPLOITABLE L& & PREP>$ OR APPROV$ ?\S&S ( PROJECTS4 ,! ,A,K,P GOV]NM5T UND] ,]DOGAN ATTRACT$ ) SU* POLICIES ! 9T]E/ ( GLOBAL CAPITAL4 ,ONLY ! CITIES ADM9I/]$ BY ! ,K,F,M RESI/$ = A BIG P>T ?IS DEVELOPM5T4 ,?AT IS :Y ! GOV]NM5T C\LD NOT IMPLEM5T ! MO/ PLANN$ POLICIES 9 HALF ( ! CITIES ( ,BAKUR4 

,9 A P]IOD :5 ! SOCIETY ( ,BAKUR />T$ TO DEVELOP QUICKLY AN ECOLOGICAL AW>5ESS1 ! NEO-LIB]ALIZ$ CAPITALISM />T$ TO MAKE ! L>GE/ HI/ORICAL ECOLOGICAL 7& ?US SOCIAL7 DE/RUCTION & EXPLOITATION 9 ,BAKUR4 ,! DE/RUCTION ( NATURE & OV]COM+ ( MO/ ( REMA9+ SOCIAL-TRADITIONAL ELEM5TS 9 ! SOCIETY WAS MU* MORE 9T5SIVE ?AN DUR+ ! W> ( ! #a#i#iS4 ,ONLY ! M\NTA9\S >EAS ) DIFFICULT ACCESS = HUMANS C\LD RECOV] AFT] #b4 

,ECOLOGY )9 ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM3 ! ,!ORETICAL ,CONCEPT 

  

,ON ,NEWROZ #b#e1 ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN DECL>$ 0,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM0 AS ! NEW POLITICAL-!ORETICAL CONCEPT ( ! ,KURDI% ,FRE$OM ,MOVEM5T4 ,!REBY ! WRIT+S & DISCUSSIONS ( ! PRIOR YE>S & ! :OLE EXP]I5CE ( #c YE>S ( /RUGGLE C\LD BE SUMM>IZ$ & PUT 9TO RELATION TO EA* O!R 9 A SY/EMATIC WAY4 ,)\T D\BT ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM CANNOT BE CONSID]$ DISCONNECT$ FROM ! DISCUSSIONS & CRITICS AFT] ! COLLAPSE ( ! 0/ATE_/REAL SOCIALISM0 >\ND #aii & ! NEW LEFTI/ & LIB]T>IAN SOCIAL & POLITICAL MOVEM5TS ALL >\ND ! WORLD4 ,! \TCOME WAS A CRITICAL1 9CLUSIVE & RADICAL ?9K+ ) NEW P]SPECTIVES = ! ,KURDS 9 RELATION ) O!R PEOPLE 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/4 ,! NEW POLITICAL CONCEPT IS BE+ EXPRESS$ ) A P>ADIGM BAS$ ON ?REE PILL>S4 ,AN ECOLOGICAL APPROA* TO ! LIFE WAS /RESS$ AS MU* AS RADICAL DEMOCRACY1 :I* GOES BEYOND P>LIAM5T>IANISM1 & G5D] LIB]ATION ) A FOCUS ON WOM5 LIB]ATION4 ,TO REPEAT ! OBVI\S3 ,! PILL>S & ! :OLE CONCEPT >E EXPRESS$ ) ! AIM TO A*IEVE A LIB]AT$1 EMANCIPAT$1 EQUAL & SOLID>ITY-BAS$ SOCIETY 9 H>MONY ) NATURE4 

,RADICAL DEMOCRACY & WOM5'S LIB]ATION HAD BE5 /RESS$ & DEVELOP$ /RONGLY AMONG ! ,KURDS ALREADY = MANY YE>S BE=E4 ,BUT ACTUALLY EA* ( ! ?REE PILL>S ( ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM CANNOT BE ?OR\<LY DEVELOP$ )\T L9KS TO ! O!R TWO4 ,H[EV] ! 9ITIAL />T+ PO9T IS WOM5'S LIB]ATION4 

,PRIOR TO #e YE>S ( WOM5'S OPPRESSION & EXCLUSION EVOLV$ ! ,NEOLI?IC P]IOD :5 A COMPLETE COMMUNAL SOCIAL ORD] WAS CREAT$ >\ND WOMAN :I* CAN BE ALSO CALL$ MATRIC5TRIC SOCIETY4 ,OCALAN EMPHASIZES ?AT ?IS SOCIAL ORD] SAW NONE ( ! 5=CEM5T PRACTICES ( ! /ATE ORD] & EXI/$ = ?\S&S ( YE>S4 ,IT IS *>ACT]IZ$ BY EQUALITY & FRE$OM1 WAS VIABLE BECAUSE ! SOCIAL MORALITY ( ! MATRI>*AL ORD] DID NOT ALL[ [N]%IP & IT HAD A H>MONY ) ! NATURE4 ,IT IS ?IS LONG-LA/+ ORD] ?AT %AP$ HUMANITY'S COLLECTIVE SOCIAL CONSCI\SNESS2 & IT IS \R 5DLESS YE>N+ TO REGA9 & IMMORTALIZE ?IS SOCIAL ORD] ( EQUALITY & FRE$OM ?AT L$ TO \R CON/RUCT ( P>ADISE4 

,OCALAN /ATES ?AT ) ! OV]COM+ ( MATRIAC5TRIC SOCIETY BY PATRI>*Y 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURES HAD EM]G$ & SPREAD AMONG HUMAN SOCIETIES & *>ACT]IZ$ ! UPCOM+ /ATES UNTIL N[ADAYS4 ,LONG BE=E EXPLICIT SOCIAL CLASSES CAME 9TO BE+1 ! FIR/ OPPRESS$ & EXPLOIT$ CLASS >E WOM54 ,?IS HAS BE5 FOLL[$ 9 ! FOLL[+ C5TURIES & MILL5IA BY ! OPPRESSION ( *ILDR5 & MAN4 ,?IS POLITICAL-IDEOLOGICAL =MATION L$ ALSO TO ! DOM9ATION & DE/RUCTION ( NATURE BY HUMANS DUR+ ! DIFF]5T P]IODS ( HUMAN HI/ORY4 ,! ECOLOGICAL EXPLOITATION & DE/RUCTION MU/ BE ANALYZ$ BASICALLY FROM SU* AN APPROA*4 

,TODAY ! CONS]VATIVE & REACTION>Y APPROA*ES ( EXI/+ /ATES IS EXP]I5C$ 9 ! FIR/ 9/ANCE BY SOCIETY ?R\< ! OPPRESSION ( WOM54 ,ANO!R IMPORTANT PO9T IS ?AT ,WOM5 AS OPPRESS$ G5D] HAVE A /RONG] RELATION TO ! NATURE ?AN M52 9 ALL PATRI>*AL SOCIETIES M5 >E USUALLY MORE ATTA*$ TO P[] & ?US >E MORE ALI5AT$ FROM NATURE ?AN4 ,?US1 ! /RUGGLE = AN ECOLOGICAL & LIB]AT$ SOCIETY MEANS 9 ! 5D ALSO ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ PATRI>*Y & LIB]ATION ( WOM5 OR1 TO PUT IT ANO!R WAY1 )\T ! LIB]ATION ( WOM5 !RE CANNOT BE AN ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY4 

,AS ! OPPRESSION ( SOCIETY />TS ) PATRI>*Y1 IT IS LOGICAL ?AT ! ,K,F,M HAS />T$ TO FOCUS MORE & MORE ON ! LIB]ATION ( WOM5 :I* AT ! SAME IS ! LIB]ATION ( ALL K9D ( G5D]S & ! :OLE SOCIETY4 ,)9 ! ,K,F,M1 ?IS CONSCI\SNESS CAME \T TO TOP 9 ! BEG9N+ ( ! #a#i#iS & ?US AN 9T5SIVE & WIDESPREAD DISCUSSION ON WOM5'S LIB]ATION />T$ :I* BECAME MORE DEEP & SY/EMATIC AFT] ! HALT ( ! W> 9 ,BAKUR 9 #aiii & ADDITIONALLY MORE ) ! DEVELOPM5T ( ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM4 

,DISCUSS+ MORE 9 DEP? ! APPROA* ( ! ,K,F,M ON NATURE1 FIR/LY IT HAS TO BE /AT$ ?AT ! ,K,F,M VIEWS NATURE AS ! BODY ( ALL LIV+ BE+S1 9CLUD+ HUMANS4 ,HUMANS >E P>T ( NATURE & DO NOT /& OV] IT OR ANY SPECIES4 ,LIKE 9 ! ,NEOLI?IC ,P]IOD IT IS REG>D$ AS ALIVE & ANIMAT$1 NO DIFF]5T FROM !MSELVES4 ,ALL LIV+ BE+S >E P>T ( ONE COMMON BIG ECOSY/EM :I* (F]S 5\< OPPORTUNITIES TO LIVE = EV]YBODY4 ,NATURE WAS OMNIPRES5T1 !RE WAS = ! SIGNIFICANT MAJORITY ( PEOPLE ALWAYS 9 ! DAILY LIFE A /RONG CONNECTION ) NATURE4 ,OCALAN DESCRIBES ?IS AS FOLL[S3 0,?IS PA/ AW>5ESS ( NATURE FO/]$ A M5TALITY ?AT RECOGNIZ$ A MULTITUDE ( SANCTITIES & DIV9ITIES 9 NATURE4 ,WE MAY GA9 A BETT] UND]/&+ ( ! ESS5CE ( COLLECTIVE LIFE IF WE ACKN[L$GE ?AT IT WAS BAS$ ON ! METAPHYSICS ( SANCTITY & DIV9ITY1 /EMM+ FROM REV]5CE = ! MO!R-WOMAN40 ,TODAY !RE >E /ILL SOME BELIEFS :]E 9 NATURE >E A MULTITUDE ( SANCTITIES & DIV9ITIES1 ONE ( !M IS ! ,ALEVI BELIEF4 ,CONSEQU5TLY = SPIRITUALITY & 9SPIRATION AMONG HUMANS NATURE WAS & IS ! MA9 S\RCE4 

,BAS$ ON ?R\< ADH]5CE TO ECOLOGICAL PR9CIPLES NATURE %\LD BE TREAT$ RESPECTFULLY & NOT AS A RES\RCE = PR(IT4 ,NATURE WAS & IS ! S\RCE ( FOOD1 H\S+ & ALL O!R MAT]IAL NE$S ( LIFE4 ,UND] CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY1 HUMANS LIV+ 9 URBAN C5T]S >E USUALLY WEAKLY CONNECT$ TO NATURE & UND]/& LESS ! RELATION & CONNECTION TO NATURE4 ,NATURE HAD & HAS A MULTIDIM5SIONAL MEAN+ 9 LIFE & IS ESS5TIAL = ! DEVELOPM5T ( CULTURE & ID5TITY AS WELL AS SPIRITUALITY4 ,DUE TO ! ALI5ATION BETWE5 HUMAN BE+S :I* CONTRIBUTES SIGNIFICANTLY TO ! ALI5ATION BETWE5 NATURE & HUMAN BE+S1 N[ADAYS NATURE IS OV]EXPLOIT$4 ,DESPITE EV]YONE EXP]I5C+ ! IMPACTS ( GRAVE ECOLOGICAL DE/RUCTION 9 ! NEXT DECADES1 ! DE/RUCTION ( NATURE SEEMS TO CONT9UE4 ,! CURR5T APPROA* ( HUMAN DRIV5 CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY IS A /ATE ( BETRAYAL ( HUMANS TO NATURE1 TO !IR BODY4 

,9 ?IS S5SE1 IF HUMAN BE+S W\LD MEET ONLY !IR NE$S1.<#d.> NATURE W\LD NOT EXP]I5CE S]I\S DE/RUCTION & ! ECOSY/EMS W\LD HAVE ! CAPACITY TO RECOV] ITSELF4 ,AT ?IS PO9T1 ! QUE/ION :AT IS ! REAL NE$ ( PEOPLE TODAY IS NOT EASY TO BE RESPOND$ & %\LD NOT BE LEFT ONLY TO BIOLOGI/S OR ECONOMI/S1 RA!R IT RELATES TO ! QUE/ION ( DEMOCRACY1 I4E4 :E!R A SOCIETY CAN TAKE DECISIONS UND] BROADLY DEMOCRATIC CONDITIONS FREE FROM IMPOS$ EXPLOITATIVE-EXTRACTIVE ECONOMY POLICIES4 ,WE ASSUME ?AT 9 A LIB]AT$1 SOLID>ITY-BAS$1 RADICAL-DEMOCRATIC & ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY !RE WILL BE NO PRESSURE TO OV]-EXTRACT 0ELEM5TS0.<#e.> FROM NATURE4 

,DO NOT =GET ?AT HUMANS >E NOT ONLY PHYSICAL OR MAT]IAL ORGANISMS1 !Y HAVE /RONG & DEEP IMMAT]IAL FEEL+S & METAPHYSICAL NE$S 9 !IR LIFE4 ,AL?\< HUMANS CANNOT EXPRESS !M1 !Y DO NOT ?9K & ACT ONLY 9 A RATIONAL WAY4 ,= ?\S&S ( YE>S1 PEOPLE HAVE S\<T 9SPIRATION & MOTIVATION FOLL[+ DIFF]5T ME?ODS1 9CLUD+ RETIR+ FROM !IR SURR\ND+S TO NATURE4 ,) ! EXPON5TIAL 9CREASE ( URBANIZATION1 ASPHALT APPLICATION1 CULTIVATION ( L&SCAPE & 9VE/M5T PROJECTS ALL OV] ! T]RITORIES1 LESS >EAS >E SUITABLE 9 ?IS S5SE & SO IT BECOMES ALWAYS MORE DIFFICULT = 9SPIRATION BY NATURE1 9 CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY P>TICUL>LY = POOR] PEOPLE FROM CITIES :O HAVE LESS F9ANCIAL CAPACITIES TO EXP]I5CE DIRECTLY NATURE4 ,9 CONNECTION ) ?AT ?IS AFFECTS ALSO PHYSICAL REPRODUCTION & RECOV]Y ACTIVITIES = PEOPLE FROM URBAN C5T]S4 

,COMMUNITIES F> AWAY FROM ! URBAN C5T]S1 9DU/RY & 9DU/RIAL AGRICULTURAL >EAS >E CLOS] TO NATURE & HAVE MORE SPIRITUAL CONNECTION ) 5VIRONM5T4 ,! LESS !RE IS CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY1 ! MORE NATURAL & SPIRITUAL ! LIFE CAN BE4 ,IF SU* COMMUNITIES 9 NON-URBAN >EAS BELONG TO OPPRESS$ GR\PS LIKE ! 9DIG5\S PEOPLES ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 ! ,ADIVASI FROM ,9DIA & ,ALEVI ,KURDS1 !N ! CONNECTION TO NATURE MAY HAVE AN ADDITIONAL IMPORTANCE BECAUSE ! OPPRESS$ PEOPLES EXPRESS !MSELVES ALSO ?R\< NATURE4 ,9 ?IS S5SE ! NATURE IS A V]Y ESS5TIAL P>T ( !IR OPPRESS$ ID5TITY4 ,ACCORD+LY ! DE/RUCTION OR MISAPPROPRIATION ( NATURE BY ! COLONIALI/ =CE IS AN ELIM9ATION ( !IR ID5TITY4 ,?IS IS (T5 NOT MU* UND]/OOD BY PEOPLE 9 ! CAPITALI/ & BIG URBAN C5T]S :]E LIFE NO LONG] HAS HAS A /RONG RELATION TO NATURE4 

,9 ! IDEOLOGY ( ! ,K,F,M1 ! ECOLOGICAL P]SPECTIVE IS CONSID]$ ( /RATEGICAL IMPORTANCE & AS A TOOL TO CREATE AW>5ESS 9 ! :OLE HUMAN SOCIETY & ALL HUMAN L9K$ ACTIVITIES & PROCESSES FROM A NATURE CONS]VATION1 ANTI-CAPITALI/ & HOLI/IC P]SPECTIVE4 ,9 DO+ SO1 ! APPROA* IS ?AT ! DIM5SIONS NOT COV]$ BY G5D] LIB]ATION OR RADICAL DEMOCRACY W\LD BE EXPRESS$ ) ECOLOGY4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 ! EMPHASIS ON ECOLOGY )9 ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM CAN BE UND]/OOD ALSO AS ! COMPLETION ( ! TWO O!R PILL>S4 

,H[EV]1 IT %\LD BE UND]L9$ ?AT NATURE CONS]VATION & EV5 NATURE RE/ORATION BY HUMANS IS A /RATEGIC GOAL4 ,FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+ ON1 ! ,K,F,M /RESS$ ?AT EA* LIV+ BE+ HAS ! RI<T TO EXI/ DUE TO ITS NATURAL OCCURR5CE4 ,! LIFE ( ANIMALS & PLANTS MU/ BE PROTECT$ ACTIVELY BY HUMANS4 ,REG>D+ NATURE CONS]VATION1 ! GOAL TO LIMIT & /OP AN?ROPOG5IC CLIMATE *ANGE IS A CRUCIAL TOPIC1 AS 9 ! NEXT DECADES IT C\LD AFFECT 9 A MU* MORE DRAMATIC WAY EV]Y?+ ON \R PLANET -- ACTUALLY ,KURDI/AN & ,MIDDLE ,EA/ HAVE ALREADY BE5 AFFECT$ = ALMO/ TWO DECADES DUE TO DECREAS+ PRECIPITATION4 ,CLIMATE *ANGE IS NO LESS IMPORTANT ?AN 0NATURE CONS]VATION0 7H]E IT MEANT PROJECTS_/POLICIES TO CONS]VE SPECIES1 HABITATS & >EAS ( HI< BIODIV]SITY7 & REV]SE1 AS SOME 5VIRONM5TAL ORGANIZATIONS OR POLITICIANS PRIORITIZE 9 !IR DISCUSSIONS1 !Y >E MUTUALLY DEP5D5T & %\LD NOT BE TREAT$ 9DEP5D5TLY FROM EA* O!R4 ,CLIMATE *ANGE CAN NOT BE LIMIT$ )\T ! CONS]VATION & RE/ORATION ( =E/S1 VEGETATION1 RIV]S1 WAT] CYCLE1 SOIL1 AIR ETC4 ,= ! ,K,F,M1 CLIMATE *ANGE IS P>T ( NATURE CONS]VATION & A REASON :Y 9 ?IS PAP] CLIMATE *ANGE IS NOT M5TION$ SPECIFICALLY4 

,?US IT IS CONCLUD$ ?AT EA* /RUGGLE AGA9/ ECOLOGICAL DE/RUCTION IS V]Y ESS5TIAL & A NECESS>Y /EP TO REE/ABLI% A RELATION TO NATURE = MANY PEOPLE2 BUT 9 LONG-T]M NOT 5\< TO PROTECT ! CONTE/$ NATURAL >EA & RELAT$ HUMAN SOCIETY4 ,NOT 5\< BECAUSE ! RELAT$ 9VE/M5T PROJECT AS WELL AS ALL O!R DE/RUCTIVE PROJECTS >E CAUS$ BY ! DOM9ANT POLITICAL- ECONOMIC SY/EM4 ,?IS DOM9ANT SY/EM WILL NEV] /EP BACK TO IMPLEM5T ALL DESIGN$ & PLANN$ PROJECTS4 

,?AT IS :Y BE+ ECOLOGICAL MEANS ALSO TO CRITICIZE ALL PROCESSES 9 ! SOCIETY1 P>TICUL>LY ! WAY ( PRODUC+ & CONSUM+1 FE$+1 H\S+1 MOBILIZATION1 ORGANIZ+ LEISURE ETC4 ,! ,K,F,M REJECTS CATEGORICALLY ! WAY !SE MODELS >E IMPLEM5T$ BY CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY & ! DIRECTION !Y TAKE TODAY -- ,K,F,M'S 9SI/5CE ON COMMUNAL LIFE IS AN EXPRESSION ( SU* A REJECTION4 ,! CURR5T LEVEL ( CONSUMPTION IS )\T D\BT TOO MU* = ! E>?4 ,GO+ ON LIKE ?IS W\LD 5D 9 ! DRAMATIC DE/RUCTION OR SIGNIFICANT DET]IORATION ( ALL EXI/+ ECOSY/EMS & ! LOSS ( ! MO/ BIODIV]SITY4 ,IF !RE IS NO DECEL]ATION 9 ! %ORT-T]M & SIGNIFICANT CONCEPTIONAL *ANGE 9 MID-T]M1 NATURE'S DE/RUCTION & CLIMATE *ANGE WILL CONT9UE & ! BASIS ( LIFE WILL BECOME MU* WEAK] ) GRAVE IMPACTS = ! ECOSY/EMS1 BIODIV]SITY1 ANIMALS1 PLANTS & BILLIONS ( HUMANS4 ,! WOR/ AFFECT$ PEOPLE W\LD BE MA9LY PEOPLE1 COMMUNITIES & /ATES ) WEAK SOCIO-ECONOMIC CAPACITIES4 

,TO A*IEVE A CONSID]ABLE *ANGE ( !SE MODELS1 ! BASIC APPROA* MU/ BE TO R$UCE CONSUMPTION ( 5]GY & MAT]IAL BY AT LEA/ #h .0 9 9DU/RIAL /ATES 9 MID-T]M & TO F9D A NEW BALANCE :]E EA* HUMAN HAS ! SAME AM\NT ( 5]GY & MAT]IAL = USE2 ONE IMPORTANT CRIT]IA %\LD BE TO ALL[ DEGRAD$ ECOSY/EMS & BIODIV]SITY TO RECOV]4 

,AT ?IS PO9T IT %\LD BE EMPHASIZ$ ?AT EA* DE/RUCTION ( NATURE OR ECOSY/EM HAS S]I\S IMPACTS ON HUMANS & IS ?US A SOCIAL DE/RUCTION -- SEV]AL FACTORS DET]M9E ! LEVEL4 ,EA* 9VE/M5T PROJECT LIKE DAMS & M9+ HAS ! HI< POT5TIAL TO DE/ROY NATURE AS WELL AS TO VIOLATE ! BASIC RI<TS ( AFFECT$ PEOPLE4 ,SO ECOLOGICAL DE/RUCTION MU/ BE UND]/OOD ALSO AS ! VIOLATION ( POLITICAL1 SOCIAL1 CULTURAL & ECONOMIC RI<TS ( PEOPLE4 ,?IS CONNECTION IS /ILL NOT MADE BY MANY CRITICAL ACTIVI/S OR ANALY/S 9 \R WORLD4 

,GO+ ONE /EP FUR!R ! ,K,F,M IS AW>E ?AT ) CAPITALISM -- EV5 )\T NEO-LIB]ALISM -- ! ECOLOGICAL DE/RUCTION CAN NEV] BE /OPP$1 NOT TO M5TION ! REV]SAL1 I4E4 ! R5ATURATION ( NATURE & RE/ORATION ( CLIMATE BALANCE4 ,IF CAPITALISM DOM9ATES ! GLOBAL ECONOMY & CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY ! POLITICAL SPH]E1 !RE WILL BE AN 9T5SE PRESSURE TO HAVE 0GR[?0 9 ! CAPITALI/ S5SE & 7ALMO/7 NO SPACE TO DEVELOP O!R =MS ( LIV+1 = DEMOCRATIC DECISION-MAK+ PROCESSES & A COMMUNAL & DEMOCRATIC ECONOMY4 ,OV] C5TURIES & DECADES1 CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY HAS CONQU]$ ! BRA9S & BEHAVIORS ( BILLIONS ( HUMANS 9 A SUBTLE WAY4 ,IT CANNOT BE OV]COME ) A CONCEPT BAS$ ONLY ON NEW SOCIAL & ECONOMIC GOALS AS 0REAL_//ATE SOCIALISM0 9T5D$ TO DO4 ,HI]>*Y1 /ATE & CAPITALISM IS FIR/LY AN IDEOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5T4 

,CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY HAS />T$ TO DEEP5 AT AN ACCEL]AT$ TEMPO ! ALI5ATION ( HUMANS FROM HUMANS & FROM NATURE2 & ?IS MU* MORE ?AN ! =M] HI]>*ICAL POLITICAL SY/EMS4 ,P>TICUL>LY 9 ! LA/ #b YE>S EA* >EA ( ! WORLD & EA* COMMUNITY HAS BE5 AFFECT$ BY CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY4 ,N[ADAYS ALL PEOPLE -- EXCEPT ! RI* -- HAVE BE5 PUT UND] PRESSURE ) NEO-LIB]ALISM4 ,?R\< DISPLAC+ PEOPLE FROM !IR NATURAL 5VIRONM5TS BY PHYSICAL OR ECONOMIC =CE TO CITIES1 HUMANS LO/ !IR CULTURE ( LIV+ 9 MU* MORE NATURAL SURR\ND+S4 ,& :5 T]RITORIES >E UND] ?REAT BY SU* DE/RUCTIVE 9VE/M5TS 9 >EAS :]E PEOPLE >E OPPRESS$ ON ! BASIS ( !IR ID5TITY1 ! DISPLACEM5T ( PEOPLE BY NATION/ATES CONTRIBUTES TO ! ASSIMILATION ( CULTURES UND] ?REAT & PRESSURE4 ,SMALL OR M>G9ALIZ$ OPPRESS$ CULTURES >E P>TICUL>LY AFFECT$ BY SU* POLICIES4 ,! ,KURDS >E ONE IMPORTANT EXAMPLE = ?AT4 

,PEOPLE 9 CITIES DO NOT ONLY CONSUME1 !Y >E ALSO DISCONNECT$ FROM !IR /RONG SOCIAL & CULTURAL H]ITAGE & ?US >E LO/ FI%ES 9 ! SEA EASILY TO CAT*4 ,DISCONNECT$ FROM !IR CULTURAL PA/ MEANS1 AMONG O!RS1 TO BE OP5 = EXTREME 9DIVIDUALI/IC & ISOLAT$ WAYS ( LIFE :]E A HEAL?Y BALANCE BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS & SOCIETY DOES NOT EXI/4 ,PEOPLE ALI5AT$ FROM NATURE & COMMUNAL & SOLID>ITY-BAS$ RELATIONS >E MU* EASI] TO BECOME 9/RUM5TS ( EXPLOITATION 9 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION1 CONSUMPTION1 REACTION>Y ?\<TS & E/ABLI%+ ( AU?ORIT>IAN POLITICAL SY/EMS4 ,URBAN PEOPLE DO NOT KN[ USUALLY ANY MORE ! NAME ( MO/ PLANTS & ANIMALS & H[ 9 PRACTICE PROCESSES 9 NATURE FUNCTION OR H[ HUMANS CAN B5EFIT FROM !M SU/A9ABLY AS \R ANCE/ORS HAVE DONE IT = ?\S&S ( YE>S4 ,SO HUMANS 9 CITIES DO NOT LIVE ! NATURE ON A DAILY BASIS4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 HUMANS DO NOT FEEL SOIL1 PLANTS1 WAT]1 SUN & AIR & />T TO LOSE A DEEP UND]/&+ = !M & !IR CONTEXT2 !Y MAY KN[ IT USUALLY 9 !ORY LIKE BIOLOGI/S4 ,9 CITIES1 MORE N[ ?AN EV] BE=E1 EV]Y?+ IS ORGANIZ$ ) MONEY :ILE VILLAG]S /ILL CAN PRODUCE SOME ( !IR NE$S1 EX*ANGE GOODS AMONG !MSELVES & SUPPORT EA* O!R ) SELF PRODUC$ GOODS4 ,PEOPLE 9 RURAL >EAS >E USUALLY LESS AFFECT$ BY CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY & REPRODUCE A ?9K+ & LIFE/YLE LESS CONNECT$ TO CAPITALISM & /ATE HEGEMONY4 ,9 CITIES1 ON AV]AGE HUMANS >E FAC$ ) MORE PSY*OLOGICAL & SOCIAL TRAUMAS ?AN 9 RURAL COMMUNITIES2 & !SE TRAUMAS >E TRANSF]R$ TO !IR *ILDR54 ,! TRAUMAS ( DISPLAC$ PEOPLE FROM RURAL >EAS >E MAYBE ! WOR/4 ,ACTUALLY1 TODAY ! MAJORITY ( \R SOCIETIES LIVE UND] HEAVY PSY*OLOGICAL CONDITIONS4 

,CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY CREATES PEOPLE (F]+ !IR LABOR =CE TO PRIVATE COMPANIES OR PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS )\T TO PRODUCE ANY ( !IR NE$S AS !IR ANCE/ORS DID 9 VILLAGES4 ,?US FROM !IR SAL>Y !Y HAVE TO BUY ALL !IR NE$S4 ,!SE PEOPLE >E PUT UND] H>D & /RESSFUL WORK+ CONDITIONS44 ,WORK+ PEOPLE UND] P]MAN5T PRESSURE DID NOT C>E MU* AB\T ! ONGO+ ECOLOGICAL DE/RUCTION 9 ! FIR/ P]IOD ( 9DU/RIALIZATION :5 WORK+ CONDITIONS & SAL>IES W]E 9 ! C5T] ( !IR 9T]E/4 ,AL?\< /RONG TRADE UNIONS DID NOT DEVELOP$ AN ECOLOGICAL APPROA* UNTIL REC5TLY4 ,H[EV] AFT] G5]ATIONS MORE & MORE PEOPLE 9 ALMO/ ALL P>TS ( ! WORLD HAVE />T$ TO ?9K AB\T ECOLOGY & ALT]NATIVES TO ! CAPITALI/ WAY ( LIV+4 ,:ILE 9 ! OLD] 9DU/RIAL /ATES ! MO/ PEOPLE />T TO LE>N FACTS ON NATURE & AN ECOLOGICAL LIFE FROM Z]O1 9 ! NEWLY OR H>DLY 9DU/RIALIZ$ /ATES !RE >E MU* MORE *>ACT]I/ICS & REMNANTS ( NON-CAPITALI/IC RELATIONS1 PROCESSES & ?9K+ ON :I* CRITICAL PEOPLE CAN BUILD UP4 ,! RECOV]Y CAN BE REALIZ$ 9 AN EASI] & FA/] WAY AS = EXAMPLE CRITICAL PEOPLE CAN B5EFIT FROM ! EXP]I5CE ( !IR GR& P>5TS OR EV5 P>5TS4 ,KURDI/AN IS SU* A GEOGRAPHY4 

,:ILE ABOVE ! CONNECTION BETWE5 ECOLOGY & WOM5'S LIB]ATION HAS BE5 9TRODUC$1 !RE IS /ILL ! CONNECTION BETWE5 ECOLOGY & DEMOCRACY TO BE DESCRIB$4 ,9 ORD] TO DEF5D NATURE & ECOLOGICAL RELATIONS1 DE/RUCTIVE & EXPLOITATIVE PROJECTS NE$ TO BE /OPP$ & ! MODELS ( H\S+1 PRODUCTION1 CONSUMPTION1 MOBILITY ETC HAVE TO BE ALT]$ RADICALLY4 ,ALL ?IS CAN BE DONE ONLY IF DEMOCRATIC DECISION MAK+ /RUCTURES >E DOM9ANT 9 ! SOCIETY1 I4E4 RADICAL DEMOCRACY IS DEVELOP$1 & NO MORE SMALL CIRCLES 9 ! SOCIETY CAN 9FLU5CE VIA LOBBY+ ! POLITICAL DECISION4 ,ONLY :5 !RE IS AN ECONOMY BAS$ ON SOLID>ITY & COMMUNALITY CAN ! BIG ECOLOGICAL DE/RUCTION BE PREV5T$ 9 LONG-T]M4 ,SUMM+ UP IT CAN BE ANALYZ$ ?AT ! CONNECTION BETWE5 ECOLOGY & DEMOCRACY IS REALIZ$ P>TICUL>LY VIA ! SPH]E ( ECONOMIC RELATIONS4 

,! ,K,F,M HAS DEVELOP$ OV] ! YE>S SOME NEW T]M9OLOGY ) ! CONCEPT ( ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM :I* MAY BE ( 9T]E/4 ,MANY MOVEM5TS DO ?IS1 BUT )9 ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM SOME MORE WORDS HAVE BE5 CREAT$4 ,IT />TS ) ! NAME ( ! CONCEPT4 ,SOME DEF9ITIONS >E A COMB9ATION ( WORDS LIKE 0DEMOCRACY0 & 0AUTONOMY0 OR 0DEMOCRATIC0 & 0NATION0 :I* >E WIDELY US$ 4 ,! !ORY ( ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM FOLL[S ALSO ! L9E TO OCCUPY EXI/+ CRUCIAL DEF9ITIONS LIKE 0NATION0 OR 0MOD]NITY0 & TO GIVE !M ALSO A POSITIVE CONT5T 9 A C]TA9 FRAMEWORK4 ,FROM AN ECOLOGICAL P]SPECTIVE )9 ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM ! T]MS 0ECOLOGICAL 9DU/RY0 & 0COMMUNAL LIFE0 IS ( HI<] RELEVANCE4 ,ECOLOGICAL 9DU/RY MAY BE CONTROV]SIAL AS 9DU/RIAL ACTIVITIES HAVE L$ TO A BIG P>T TO ! DE/RUCTION & POLLUTION ( ! NATURE & CONC5TRATE CONT9U\SLY ECONOMIC & POLITICAL P[]4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME ! HUMAN SOCIETIES HAVE A*IEV$ A PO9T ( LIFE & ECONOMICAL RELATION :I* CAN NOT BE MA9TA9$ )\T 9DU/RY4 ,= ! ,K,F,M 09DU/RY0 IS UND]/OOD AS ! PRODUCTION ( GOODS 9 A SY/EMATIC & CONC5TRAT$1 I4E4 BY ME*ANIZ$ PROCESSES1 WAY44 ,IT NE$S SOME EXP]T SKILLS & HI<] TE*NOLOGIES4 ,ACTUALLY PRIMITIVE =MS ( 9DU/RY EXI/S = A LONG P]IOD 9 HUMAN HI/ORY4 ,! CURR5T LEVEL ( 9DU/RY ) ITS NEGATIVE IMPACTS WAS NOT 9EVITABLE2 HI/ORY C\LD HAVE TAK5 A DIFF]5T TURN4 ,H[EV]1 N[ADAYS IT IS EXTREMELY *ALL5G+ 7ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE7 TO DE-9DU/RIALIZE SOCIETIES :I* W\LD HAVE 9CALCULABLE RISKS4 ,?US ! QUE/ION IS H[ TO REORGANIZE ! 9DU/RY 9 T]MS ( TE*NOLOGY1 CAPACITY & MANAGEM5T FROM AN ECOLOGICAL P]SPECTIVE & BREAK+ ) ! EXI/+ CONCEPT ( ECONOMIC GR[?4 ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM HAS ON ?IS TOPIC YET NO WELL-DEVELOP$ CONCEPTS1 BUT RA!R BASIC IDEAS4 

,ROLE ( ! ,GU]RILLA 9 ! GR[+ ,ECOLOGICAL ,AW>5ESS 

  

,! 9CREAS+ ECOLOGICAL AW>5ESS IS RELAT$ ALSO TO ! GU]RILLA ( ! ,P,K,K1 ! ,PEOPLE'S ,DEF5SE ,=CES ,H,P,G1 :I* NEV] CEAS$ TO EXI/ WIDESPREAD 9 ! M\NTA9S ( ,NOR? & ,S\? ,KURDI/AN S9CE ! #hIES4 ,! ,H,P,G HAS ?\S&S ( GU]RILLAS 9 HUGE >EAS ( ,NOR!RN ,KURDI/AN1 & 9 A BROAD /RET* ( #be KM 9 ,S\? ,KURDI/AN2 ?US MU/ BE CONSID]$ AS A GEOGRAPHICALLY & POLITICAL HI<LY IMPORTANT FACTOR4 ,:5 NOT FI<T+ ) ! ,TURKI% ,>MY1 ! GU]RILLAS SP5D !IR TIME 9 A MIX ( MILIT>Y & POLITICAL $UCATION4 ,9 ,S\? ,KURDI/AN1 ! FOCUS IS EV5 MORE ON POLITICAL DISCUSSION & $UCATION4 

,! GU]RILLAS DISCUSS ! 5TIRE RANGE ( SOCIAL & POLITICAL ISSUES 9 !IR POLITICAL $UCATIONAL PROGRAM4 ,S9CE ! #a#i#iS :5 ,OCALAN />T$ TO DISCUSS ! ECOLOGICAL CRISIS 1 ! GU]RILLA 9CLUD$ ECOLOGY 9 !IR DISCUSSIONS4 ,! MANN] 9 :I* IT DISCUSSES ECOLOGY & ALL ! O!R TOPICS DIFF]S FROM PEOPLE & ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! BROAD] ,KURDI% SOCIETY1 :I* MAKES ! DISCUSSION ITSELF MORE 9DEP5D5T4 ,! GU]RILLAS >E NOT P>T ( ! HEGEMONIC POLITICAL SY/EM & HAVE NO N>R[ 9DIVIDUAL EXPECTATIONS FROM ! /ATE OR O!RS4 ,9 CONTRA/1 PEOPLE & ORGANIZATIONS FROM ! 0NORMAL0 SOCIETY >E 9FLU5C$ CONT9U\SLY BY CONC]NS & P]SONAL LIMITATIONS4 ,EV5 IF !Y /RUGGLE 9T5SIVELY TO GET RID ( 9FLU5CES BY CAPITALISM & /ATISM1 !RE IS ALWAYS A REMA9+ P>T4 

,! DIFF]5CE ) ! GU]RILLA IS ?AT S9CE ITS EM]G5CE 9 ! BEG9N+ ( ! #a#i#iS1 ! LIFE CONDITIONS >E EXCE$+LY DIFFICULT1 BUT COMPLETELY COMMUNAL1 BAS$ ON SOLID>ITY & F> AWAY FROM CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY4 ,!RE IS ALMO/ NO PRIVATE PROPRIETY EXI/+2 MONEY & MAT]IAL 9T]E/S PLAY NO ROLE 9 ! RELATIONS AMONG HUMANS2 DECISIONS >E TAK5 SOMETIMES ON A BASIS DEMOCRATIC WAY2 & A SY/EM ( CRITICISM & SELF-CRITICISM IS IMPLEM5T$ SY/EMATICALLY4 

,CONC]N+ ECOLOGY1 IT IS ALSO V]Y CRUCIAL ?AT ! GU]RILLA LIVES 9 H>MONY ) ! NATURE4 ,!RE IS ALMO/ NO NEGATIVE IMPACT BY ! GU]RILLA ON PLANTS1 ANIMALS & ECOSY/EMS2 RA!R 9 ! LA/ YE>S !Y C>E MORE ?AN EV] ON ?IS ISSUE4 ,! LIFE IS ORI5T$ /RONGLY ALONGSIDE ECOLOGICAL CRIT]IA4 ,IT COMES ALONG ?AT ! EXI/5CE ( ! GU]RILLA 9 MANY M\NTA9\S REGIONS LEADS TO ! PREV5TION ( WIDESPREAD HUNT+1 & TO ! PRES]VATION ( MANY =E/S ?R\< CALLS OR BANS ON ! />T OR CONT9UATION ( NUM]\S DE/RUCTIVE 9FRA/RUCTURE PROJECTS ( ! ,TURKI% /ATE OR ! ,KURDI% ,REGIONAL ,GOV]NM5T 9 ,S\? ,KURDI/AN4 

,! DISCUSSIONS & PROPOSALS = OV]COM+ ! ECOLOGICAL CRISIS >E (T5 PRACTIC$ 9 ! GU]RILLA >EAS ON A SMALL SCALE & AS MU* AS POSSIBLE 9 ! LIVES ( 9DIVIDUAL GU]RILLAS & AS A COMMUNITY4 ,SO !RE >E NOT SOLELY !ORETICAL \TCOMES1 !RE IS ALSO A DIM5SION ( PRACTICE4 ,?R\< ?IS PRACTICE 9 SOME CASES ! GU]RILLA CAN ADJU/ !IR FIR/ !ORETICAL ASSUMPTIONS4 

,! ECOLOGICAL PRACTICE ( ! GU]RILLA CAN BE EXPLA9$ ) ! FOLL[+ EXAMPLES4 ,IT IS ABSOLUTELY =BIDD5 TO ?R[ AWAY WA/E LIKE PLA/IC OR METAL 9 ! 5VIRONM5T2 TREES >E CUT ONLY UND] EXCEPTIONAL CASES2 ANIMALS >E HUNT$ NOT MU* & ONLY 9 A WAY SO ?AT NO SPECIES W\LD BE 5DANG]$ 9 A C]TA9 REGION -- SOME SPECIES C\LD RECOV]2 A FEW DOZ5 SMALL DIV]SION DAMS = ELECTRICITY >E BUILT 9 ,S\? ,KURDI/AN :I* DIV]T USUALLY ONE ?IRD ( ! FL[+ WAT] 7MO/ /ATES DIV]T BETWE5 #b_/#c & #i.072 AS MU* AS POSSIBLE FOOD IS PRODUC$ BY ! GU]RILLA'S [N MEANS 9 ! M\NTA9S4 

,! RESULTS & DEVELOP$ APPROA*ES ( ! GU]RILLA REFLECT ! MAT]IAL CONDITIONS ) ! /RONG *>ACT]I/ICS ( SOLID>ITY1 COMMUNALITY & ECOLOGY2 & !Y *ALL5GE ! O!R P>TS ( ! SOCIETY -- P>TICUL>LY ! P>T ( ! POPULATION :I* IS PHYSICALLY & POLITICALLY CLOSE TO !M4 ,! REASON IS ?AT CRITICSM IS MU* MORE PR(\ND & IDEOLOGICALLY JU/IFI$1 ! CLAIMS >E HI<] & !RE >E LESS 0REALI/IC0 ELEM5TS :I* C\LD LIMIT ?9K+4 ,?US ! GU]RILLA ACCEPT FEW] COMPROMISES & ?US FEW] SPACES = CAPITALISM4 ,! APPROA*ES ( ! GU]RILLA >E CLOS] TO H>MONY ) NATURE & REQUE/ /RONG] & BROAD] COMMUNAL /RUCTURES4 

,DEVELOP$ APPROA*ES & PROPOSALS ON ECOLOGY -- LIKE ) ! O!R FIELDS -- CAN BE CONNECT$ & TRANSF]R$ QUITE EASILY TO ! BROAD] SOCIETY ( ,KURDI/AN AS !RE IS A /RONG RELATION ( ! GU]RILLA ) ! ,KURDI% SOCIETY4 ,CONSID] ?AT EA* YE> HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE MEET & DISCUSS ) GU]RILLAS4 ,COM+ FROM ! CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY & MEET+ REVOLUTION>IES :O %>E COMMUNAL LIFE AFFECTS !SE PEOPLE & BEYOND1 ESPECIALLY Y\NG ONES4 

,H[EV] 9 ALL FIELDS TWO BASIC APPROA*ES )9 ! ,KURDI% ,FRE$OM ,MOVEM5T -- ONE REPRES5T$ MA9LY BY ! EXPRESS$ IDEAS ( ! GU]RILLA -- COLLIDE (T5 9 A /RONG WAY4 ,NOT ALL PROPOSALS >E APPROV$ ONE TO ONE BY POLITICAL ACTIVI/S OR POLITICALLY 9T]E/$ PEOPLE 9 ! BROAD SOCIETY :O LIVE 9 DIFF]5T MAT]IAL CONDITIONS4 ,!RE >E ASPECTS :I* ! GU]RILLA DOES NOT CONSID] 9 !IR DISCUSSIONS AS !Y LIVE F> AWAY & 9 DIFF]5T & EXTRAORD9>Y CONDITIONS4 ,G5]ALLY1 ! APPROA*ES ( ! GU]RILLA >E CLOS] TO :AT IS CONSID]$ MORE DEMOCRATIC1 COMMUNAL1 G5D] LIB]AT$ & ECOLOGICAL4 

,! SYN!SIS MU/ HAVE BE5 9 MAJORITY ( ! CASES ! MO/ CORRECT WAY AS ! ,K,F,M MANAG$ TO SURVIVE & TO GET /RONG] 9 ! LA/ YE>S4 ,WE CAN SAY ?AT ! M\NTA9-CITY RELATIONS ( ! ,KURDS HAVE CREAT$ OV] ! YE>S A SPECIFIC DYNAMIC :I* IS B5EFICIAL = ! :OLE ,K,F,M4 

,H[ ! ,CONTRADICTION CREATES A ,DYNAMIC 

  

,! ,KURDI% ,FRE$OM ,MOVEM5T HAS BE5 W9N+ ! LOCAL ELECTIONS 9 AN 9CREAS+ NUMB] ( CITIES 9 ,NOR? ,KURDI/AN S9CE #a#i#i#i1 & !Y HAVE ACQUIR$ SOME IMPORTANT KN[L$GE ON H[ LOCAL GOV]NM5TS CAN TRANS=M ! SOCIETY TO BE MORE SOCIAL1 G5D] LIB]AT$ & ECOLOGICALLY ORI5T$4 ,IT IS ONLY S9CE #b#a_/#b#a#a ?AT ! REASONS TO TRANS=M LIFE ECOLOGICALLY W]E GRASP$ SUB/ANTIALLY2 PREVI\SLY1 ! APPROA* & ! DISC\RSE ( ECOLOGY W]E RA!R %ALL[ AS DESCRIB$ ABOVE4 

,!RE >E BASICALLY ?REE REASONS = ?AT4 ,FIR/1 CAPITALI/ RELATIONS CONT9U$ TO ADVANCE QUICKLY 9 ,NOR? ,KURDI/AN 9 ! SECOND P>T ( ! #b'S & ! ECOLOGICAL DE/RUCTION REA*$ S]I\SLY CONC]N+ LEVELS4 ,SECOND1 ! CONCEPT ( ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM HAS 5C\RAG$ & /R5G!N$ ECOLOGI/S 9 ,BAKUR TO DEEP5 & BROAD5 !IR /RUGGLE4 ,?IRD1 ! CRITIC & RESI/ANCE AGA9/ ! ECOLOGICAL DE/RUCTION & EXPLOITATION 9CREAS$ 9 AN ORGANIZ$ WAY1 GA!R$ SOME S]I\S EXP]I5CE & EV5 SMALL SUCCESSES4 

,! BOOK ,9 DEF5SE ( A ,PEOPLE BY ,OCALAN PUBLI%$ 9 #bd & ! DECL>ATION ( ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM 9 ,M>* #be CONTRIBUT$ DEF9ITIVELY TO ! BETT] SY/EMATIZATION ( ! IDEAS & DISCUSSION ON AN ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY 9 ,BAKUR & O!R P>TS ( ,KURDI/AN4 ,9 ! FIR/ MON?S AFT] ! DECL>ATION ( ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM1 !RE WAS A CONTROV]SIAL DISCUSSION AMONG MANY POLITICAL ACTIVI/S )9 ! ,K,F,M OR ?OSE CLOSE TO IT1 AB\T ! PILL> ECOLOGY4 ,:ILE = ! ACTIVI/S :O ALREADY 9CORPORAT+ ECOLOGY 9 !IR ACTIVISM & DISCUSSIONS ?IS WAS V]Y 5C\RAG+ & SUPPORTIVE1 ! O!RS EI!R DID NOT TAKE IT 9TO ACC\NT S]I\SLY OR RAIS$ CONC]N$ & CONSID]$ IT PREMATURE TO EMPHASIZE ECOLOGY OR 0NOT FITT+ TO ! REALITY ( ,KURDI% SOCIETY40 ,H[EV]1 9 G5]AL1 ! POLITICAL /RUCTURES ( ! ,K,F,M WELCOM$ ! PILL> ECOLOGY & />T$ TO DISCUSS IT -- EV5 IF IT WAS /ILL ONLY SUP]FICIALLY4 ,AT LEA/ IT OP5$ ! M9D = ECOLOGICAL DISCUSSIONS1 CAMPAIGNS & REQUE/S4 

,JU/ 9 ?IS TIME ! ,ILISU ,DAM & ,HYDROELECTRIC ,P[] ,PLANT1 ! L>GE/ DAM PROJECT 9 PLANN+ OR CON/RUCTION 9 ,BAKUR & ,TURKEY1 CAME AGA9 ON ! AG5DA AFT] ! ,TURKI% GOV]NM5T />T$ A NEW EF=T TO BUILD IT -- ! FIR/ ATTEMPT HAD FAIL$ 9 #b#a_/#b#b4 ,BETWE5 #bf & #ba ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ?IS DAM PROJECT1 :I* W\LD HAVE HUGE GRAVE IMPACTS ON SOCIAL /RUCTURES1 CULTURAL H]ITAGE & ! ,TIGRIS ECOSY/EM & DE/RUCTIVE CONSEQU5CES = ! LOCAL SOCIETY1 WAS CONT9U\SLY ON ! AG5DA ( ! ,KURDS & GOT SUPPORT BY MANY ,KURDI% ORGANIZATIONS1 ACTIVI/S & M$IA4 ,CO-ORD9AT$ BY ! ,9ITIATIVE TO ,KEEP ,HASANKEYF ,ALIVE ?IS CAMPAIGN WAS AN EXPRESSION ( ! 9CREAS$ ECOLOGICAL & CULTURAL AW>5ESS AMONG ! ,KURDS4 ,IT CONTRIBUT$ AT A NEW LEVEL TO ! QUE/ION+ ( 5]GY1 WAT]1 AGRICULTURE & DEVELOPM5T POLICIES ( ! ,TURKI% /ATE & EXCE$$ SIGNIFICANTLY ! DISCUSSIONS DUR+ ! FIR/ R\ND ( /RUGGLE ON ! ,ILISU PROJECT BETWE5 #aiii & #b#b4 

,9 ! FOLL[+ YE>S !RE WAS A /EADY 9CREASE 9 ! NUMB] ( GR\PS & PEOPLE WORK+ ON ISSUES CONC]N+ NATURE CONS]VATION1 ! IMPACTS ( BIG 9FRA/RUCTURE & 5]GY PROJECTS1 FOOD PRODUCTION & SOCIAL ECOLOGY !ORY4 ,ASSOCIATIONS & 9ITIATIVES OPPOS+ DAMS1 M9+1 COAL PLANTS1 5VIRONM5TAL POLLUTION1 URBAN DEVELOPM5T1 COMM]CIALIZATION ( LIFE ETC4 HAVE BE5 9ITIAT$ OR /R5G!N$ = EXAMPLE 9 ,AM$1 ,D]SIM1 ,QOLEM]G 7,HAKK>I71 ,BATMAN1 ,QOS] 7,KIZILTEPE71 ,WAN & ,RIHA 7,URFA74 ,AL?\< 9 !SE YE>S ! DIV]SITY ( CONTE/$ PROJECT TYPES BROAD5$1 DAMS W]E /ILL ! MA9 *ALL5GE = ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5TS4 ,!SE W]E ! YE>S :5 EA* SQU>E KILOMET] ( ,BAKUR & ! :OLE ,TURKI% /ATE T]RITORY HAVE BE5 CONSID]$ BY /ATE PLANN]S & BIG COMPANIES AS A S\RCE ( PR(IT -- 9T]NATIONALLY ?IS APPROA* />T$ TO BE DISCUSS$ AS 0EXTRACTIVISM40 ,CAPITALISM WAS SPREAD+ TO ALL NI*ES ( ! SOCIETY ( ,BAKUR4 ,! CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY UNFOLD$ ITS MAXIMUM DE/RUCTIVE =CES1 ! ,A,K,P GOV]NM5T DID EV]Y?+ TO 5ABLE 9VE/M5TS 9 ! REGION4 ,! NE$ TO =M A COALITION ( GR\PS & ACTIVI/S ) A /RONG ECOLOGICAL & CRITIC AW>5ESS 9 ,BAKUR HAS BECOME IMPORTANT 9 !SE YE>S4 

,CONSID]+ !SE GR[+ PROTE/S & ! NE$ TO ACT 9 A COMPREH5SIVE WAY AGA9/ ! 5CROA*M5T ( NEO-LIB]AL CAPITALISM1 ! CO-ORD9ATION ( ! ,MESOPOTAMIAN ,SOCIAL ,=UM1 :I* HAS BE5 ORGANIZ$ = ! FIR/ TIME 9 #bi 9 ,AM$1 DECID$ TO ORGANIZE AN ,ECOLOGY ,=UM4 ,AT ?IS =UM 9 ,JANU>Y #baa ) ! CONTRIBUTION ( ACTIVI/S BY ALL /RUGGLES ( ,BAKUR1 RESE>*]S1 REPRES5TATIVES ( DIFF]5T CIVIL ORGANIZATIONS & MOVEM5TS & ACTIVI/S FROM ,TURKEY & O!R C\NTRIES1 ECOLOGICAL /RUGGLES & APPROA*ES W]E DISCUSS$ 9 ,KURDI/AN 9 A BROAD & ORGANIZ$ WAY = ! FIR/ TIME 9 HI/ORY4 ,AS CONSEQU5CE ( ! =UM1 0ECOLOGY ACTIVI/S0 />T$ A DISCUSSION TO =M A NETWORK ( GR\PS 9 ,BAKUR4 ,IT TOOK MORE ?AN ONE & HALF YE> TO A*IEVE ! FIR/ MEET+S ( AB\T T5 GR\PS & A DECISION TO =M ! 0,MESOPOTAMIA ,ECOLOGY ,MOVEM5T0 WAS TAK54 ,! !ORETICAL BASIS FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+ ON WAS ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY & ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM4 ,AL?\< ! NAME DESCRIB$ IT AS A MOVEM5T1 RA!R 9 ! FIR/ YE>S IT WAS A NETWORK4 

,9 !SE YE>S CAPITALISM HAS />T$ TO AFFECT 9 A /RONG WAY ALSO SOME POLITICAL /RUCTURES & ?9K+ ( ACTIVI/S 9 ! ,K,F,M1 9CLUD+ MUNICIPALITIES & ACTIVI/S 9 SMALL T[NS4 ,DUE TO ! FACT ?AT !RE WAS /ILL A LACK ( SY/EM & DEP? 9 ! DISCUSSION ( ECOLOGY REG>D+ ALL DECISIONS & ACTIONS )9 ! ,K,F,M1 IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT SOME PEOPLE & /RUCTURES ACT$ CONTR>ILY4 ,! IMPACT 9 ! PRACTICE WAS ?AT1 AMONG O!RS1 ! BEHAVIOR & APPROA*ES ( POLITICAL P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS ( ! EXI/+ HEGEMONIC SY/EM DID NOT *ANGE SIGNIFICANTLY = MANY ACTIVI/S ( ! ,K,F,M DECISIONS LIKE CITY PLANN+ DID NOT REALLY BRAKE ) CAPITALI/- /ATI/ PRESCRIPTIVE PRACTICES2 SOME MAYORS W]E CO-OPT$ BY LOCAL 5TREPR5EURS TO GET T5D]S2 & COMPETITION F> AWAY FROM SOLID>ITY RELATIONS BETWE5 ORGANIZATIONS & ACTIVI/S P>TLY 9CREAS$4 ,!SE *ALL5GES MAY ALWAYS COME UP & BECOME DOM9ANT 9 ! CASE ( A NOT V]Y WELL DEVELOP$ & ACCEPT$ RADICAL DEMOCRATIC /RUCTURE ) TRANSP>5T & 9CLUSIVE DECISION-MAK+ PROCESSES4 ,! ,K,F,M HAD ONLY />T$ 9 #bg TO SET UP A COMPLETELY NEW POLITICAL /RUCTURE :I* TAKES ! P>ADIGM ( ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM AS BASIS4 ,! ,DEMOCRATIC ,SOCIETY ,CONGRESS 79 ,KURDI%3 ,K,C,D2 9 ,TURKI%3 ,D,T,K7 AS ! UMBRELLA /RUCTURE ( ! ,K,F,M = ! NEW PEOPLE'S C\NCILS FROM ! NEI<BORHOODS1 CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS1 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 PR(ESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS1 MUNICIPALITIES & POLITICAL P>TIES WAS QUITE NEW & /ILL 9 ! PROCESS ( F9D+ A WAY TO FUNCTION PROP]LY GIV5 ! BIG DIV]SITY ( ABOVE-M5TION$ /RUCTURES4 

,9 ! 9ITIAL /AGE1 ! ,MESOPOTAMIA ,ECOLOGY ,MOVEM5T 7,M,E,M7 WAS *ALL5G$ TO F9D WAYS TO BR+ ! MEMB] GR\PS TOGE!R >\ND SUBJECTS1 CAMPAIGNS & DISCUSSIONS & SET UP A P]MAN5T & RELIABLE WORK+ /RUCTURE4 ,IF ?IS C\LD BE REALIZ$1 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! NUM]\S DE/RUCTIVE & EXPLOITATIVE PROJECTS & POLICIES ( ! /ATE C\LD BE CONFRONT$ BETT] & )9 ! ,K,C,D ! /RUGGLE = ECOLOGICAL DISCUSSIONS1 ?9K+ & APPROA*ES W\LD GET MORE POLITICAL WEI<T4 ,9 CONFRONT+ ! GOV]NM5T'S PROJECTS & OBJECTIVES1 A CONT9U\SLY RIS+ NUMB] ( PEOPLE />T$ TO QUE/ION ! /ATE POLICIES 9 O!R >EAS4 ,NOT ONLY ! POLICIES ON ,KURDI% ID5TITY1 COLLECTIVE RI<TS1 $UCATION1 WOM5'S RI<TS1 MILIT>IZATION1 BUT ALSO ?OSE ON ECONOMY1 5]GY1 AGRICULTURE & RELAT$ ISSUES 9 ,BAKUR BECAME MORE & MORE A FOCUS ( ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE4 ,EA* ECONOMIC DECISION OR 9VE/M5T PROJECT />T$ TO BE P]CEIV$ MORE CRITICALLY4 

,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! MUNICIPALITIES GOV]N$ BY ! LEGAL P>TY ( ! ,K,F,M CAME UND] A CRITICAL FOCUS BY ! ,M,E,M BECAUSE MUNICIPALITIES ACT+ AGA9/ ! POLITICAL GOALS ( ! G5]AL MOVEM5T W\LD H>M ! :OLE /RUGGLE1 9CLUD+ ! ECOLOGICAL DIM5SION4 ,! DEM& WAS ?AT MUNICIPAL POLITICS HAD TO BE *ANG$ COMPREH5SIVELY ALONG ECOLOGICAL PR9CIPLES1 DEVELOP$ BY ! ,M,E,M1 & ! SELF-ADM9I/RATION ( PEOPLE'S C\NCILS4 ,! AIM ( ! /ATE IS CLE>3 IT WANTS TO DOM9ATE1 OPPRESS & EXPLOIT ! SOCIETY 9 CLOSE COOP]ATION ) BIG COMPANIES1 & 9 ,BAKUR ALSO ) MIDDLE BIG COMPANIES4 ,9 ?IS /RUGGLE1 ! ,K,F,M MUNICIPALITIES HAD TO MAKE A CLE> /ANCE AGA9/ ! /ATE POLICIES4 ,AL?\< MUNICIPALITIES >E ACCORD+ TO ,TURKI% LAW 9 ! 5D AN ORGAN ( ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T1 !Y HAVE LIMIT$ CAPACITIES & FRE$OM ) :I* !Y C\LD *ALL5GE /ATE POLICIES4 ,:ILE ON ! ONE H& !Y >E =C$ TO ACT 9 COMPLIANCE ) ,TURKI% LAW1 ON ! O!R H& ! MUNICIPALITIES %\LD DO EV]Y?+ 9 !IR P[]TO SUPPORT RADICAL DEMOCRATIC /RUCTURES 9 ! SOCIETY1 I4E4 P>TICUL>LY ! PEOPLE'S C\NCILS1 WOM5'S SELF-ORGANIZATION & A COMMUNAL ECONOMY1 AS WELL AS TAK+ AS /ANCE AGA9/ ! G5TRIFICATION ( URBAN >EAS & BR++ EQUITABLY S]VICES TO ! 5TIRE POPULATION4 ,BUT ! REALITY 9 !SE YE>S WAS (T5 ONLY 9 P>T LIKE ?IS4 ,CAPITALISM HAS PUT ! MUNICIPALITIES ( ,BAKUR UND] ! PRESSURE TO FOLL[ ! NEO-LIB]AL ,A,K,P MUNICIPALITIES AS DEVELOPM5T MODEL ?R\< ! DOM9ATION ( DISCUSSIONS AB\T URBAN DEVELOPM5T4 ,IT WAS A TIME -- UP UNTIL #baa -- :5 ECONOMIC GR[? 9 ,TURKEY WAS HI<1 ! SOCIAL CONTRADICTIONS 9 ,TURKEY & ,BAKUR W]E SIGNIFICANTLY LESS & ! ,A,K,P GOV]NM5T WAS /ILL NOT V]Y REPRESSIVE3 H5CE1 ! CRITICSM BY ! ,K,F,M AGA9/ CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY DID NOT GO D[N WELL 9 ,KURDI% SOCIETY4 ,ANO!R PRESSURE WAS SY/EMATIC F9ANCIAL DISCRIM9ATION BY ! ,TURKI% NATIONAL GOV]NM5T3 S9CE #a#i#i#i1 ,K,F,M MUNICIPALITIES C\LD NOT B5EFIT FROM MANY GOV]NM5TAL FUNDS UNLIKE O!R MUNICIPALITIES4,OB/ACLES W]E ALSO (T5 CREAT$ 9 ! APPROVAL ( BIG PROJECTS 7EA* BIG PROJECT NE$S USUALLY APPROVAL BY ! GOV]NOR :O IS DIRECTLY APPO9T$ BY ! ,TURKI% GOV]NM5T7 & ! ,K,F,M MUNICIPALITIES HAVE NOT BE5 SUPPORT$ ) EXP]TS & SKILLS LIKE ! O!R MUNICIPALITIES4 ,?IS LATT] DISCRIM9ATION WAS NOT V]Y SURPRIS+ AS ! ,KURDS HAVE BE5 OPPRESS$ S9CE ! F\NDATION ( ! ,REPUBLIC ( ,TURKEY4 ,IT IS A SUBJECT ) :I* A /RUGGLE IS NE$$4 

,H[EV]1 :AT WAS MORE CONC]N+ = ! ,M,E,M WAS ! LACK+ /ANCE ( ! MUNICIPALITIES ON CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT1ONE CASE BECAME IMPORTANT = ! ECOLOGY /RUGGLE 9 ,KURDI/AN4 ,IT IS AB\T ! HILL ',KIRKL> ,DAGI0 9 ! \TSKIRTS ( ! CITY ( ,AM$ :]E A H\S+ PROJECT WAS ANN\NC$ 9 #b#i4 ,AS A HI/ORICAL & NATURAL >EA AT ! S\? $GE ( ! CITY ( ,AM$1 ,KIRKL> ,DAGI IS V]Y KN[N AMONG ! POPULATION & ?US A S5SITIVE LOCATION4 ,:5 ! PHYSICAL PREP>ATION = ! H\S+ PROJECTS />T$ 9 #b#a#a_/#b#a#b1 :I* ACTUALLY WAS NOT 9 L9E ) ! MA/] PLAN APPROV$ 9 #b#f1 ! ,M,E,M & SOME O!R CIVIL ORGANIZATIONS REQUE/$ AN IMM$IATE /OP & CANCELLATION3 AFT] LONG DISCUSSIONS & NEGOTIATIONS1 ! TWO 9VOLV$ MUNICIPALITIES ( ,AM$ REJECT$ ?IS DEM&4 ,SO1 :5 ! CON/RUCTION />T$ FULLY 9 #bac A DEMON/RATION BY ! ,M,E,M ) ?\S&S ( PEOPLE WAS ORGANIZ$4 ,AL?\< ! PROJECT DID NOT /OP1 ! DEMON/RATION WAS A NOVUM = ! ,K,F,M3 A CIVIL ORGANIZATION CRITICIZ$ PUBLICLY 9 A %>P WAY A MUNICIPALITY FROM ! 0 [N POLITICAL MOVEM5T0 BECAUSE ( AN URBAN PROJECT4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS HAD SOME LONG-T]M IMPACTS4 ,9 ! FOLL[+ YE>S1 ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,REGIONS ,P>TY 7,D,B,P2 ! P>TY ( ! ,K,F,M & MEMB] ( ! ,H,D,P7 MUNICIPALITIES />T$ TO ACT MORE C>EFULLY :5 !Y PLANN$ ANY H\S+ OR BIGG] PROJECT4 ,?IS CASE %[$ ?AT ?9K+ & ACT+ ECOLOGICALLY NE$S ACTIVI/S TO CONSID] ALSO !IR [N SIDE & NOT ! O!R SIDE1 ! /ATE & BIG CAPITAL4 ,AP>T FROM ! CASE ( ,KIRKL> ,DAGI !RE >E MANY O!R PROJECTS 9 ! CITIES1 :I* >E OBJECT ( CAPITALI/ TRANS=MATION & NE$ TO BE REG>D$ MU* MORE CRITICALLY4 

,ANO!R CRITICSM ( ! ,M,E,M T>GETS ! BIG %OPP+ MALLS :I* HAVE BE5 CON/RUCT$ 9 ! LA/ YE>S 9 EA* CITY4 ,!SE >E PRIVATE PROJECTS & ( C\RSE SUPPORT$ BY ! ,A,K,P GOV]NM5T1 BUT !RE W]E SOME CASES :]E ! ,D,B,P MUNICIPALITIES HAVE NOT 9T]V5$ & 9 FEW CASES EV5 WELCOM$ !M4 ,SOME ( ! %OPP+ MALLS C\LD HAVE BE5 PREV5T$1 OR AT LEA/ DELAY$4 ,! ,TURKI% LAW ALL[S ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T TO TAKE OV] CITY PLANN+ :5EV] IT CONSID]S NECESS>Y4 ,SO1 ! QUE/ION IS H[ TO RESI/ ?IS LEGAL UNFAIRNESS2 EV5 IF IT NOT POSSIBLE TO IMP$E 9 ! LONG-T]M ! NONWANT$ PROJECTS1 AT LEA/ !Y %\LD BE DELAY$ & SUBJECT TO PUBLIC DEBATE4 ,AFT] 9T5SIVE CRITICSM BY ! ,M,E,M & O!R MOVEM5TS LIKE ! WOM5'S MOVEM5T 9 #b#a#d1 A MU* MORE CRITICAL APPROA* HAS BE5 IMPLEM5T$ BY ! ,D,B,P MUNICIPALITIES4 

,!SE TWO CASES %[ ?AT ! ECOLOGY /RUGGLE 9 ,BAKUR HAS NOT ONLY TO FOCUS ONLY 9 RURAL >EAS1 BUT ALSO 9 URBAN >EAS1 BECAUSE CAPITALISM HAS />T$ MANY YE>S AGO TO SEEK = PR(ITABLE 9VE/M5T PROJECTS EV]Y:]E4 #bac WAS ! YE> :5 AN ECOLOGICAL AW>5ESS & CRITICSM />T$ TO EXPRESS ITSELF MU* MORE OP5LY1 ACCOMPANI$ BY PUBLIC ACTIONS & ?IS NOT ONLY ?R\< ! ,M,E,M4 ,! Y\? MOVEM5T1 WOM5'S MOVEM5T1 PR(ESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 7P>TICUL>LY >*ITECTS1 5G9E]S1 M$ICAL DOCTORS71 TRADE UNIONS A*IEV$ QUALITATIVELY A NEW LEVEL 9 !IR APPROA* AS TO H[ SOCIETY MI<TBE CONCEIV$ FROM AN ECOLOGICAL P]SPECTIVE4 

,AT ?IS PO9T1 IT NE$S TO BE /AT$ ?AT )9 ! CONCEPT ( ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM ONE FIELD -- 9 ,BAKUR SOCIETY IS ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,SOCIETY ,CONGRESS 7,D,T,K_/,K,C,D7 9TO #ad FIELDS 7ALSO BRAN* OR SECTOR71 LIKE WOM51 JU/ICE1 HEAL?1 $UCATION1 DIPLOMACY1 BELIEFS1 ECOLOGY1 MUNICIPALITIES1 Y\?1 SELF-DEF5SE -- IS USUALLY PROMOT$ BY ONE MOVEM5T OR ORGANIZATION1 BUT IT IS NOT ONLY LIMIT$ TO ?IS ORGANIZATION4 ,ACTUALLY1 IT IS FAVOR$ ?AT ACTIVI/S FROM O!R FIELDS ALSO DISCUSS DEEPLY ECOLOGY1 WOM5'S LIB]ATION OR COMMUNAL-DEMOCRATIC ECONOMY4 ,= ?IS1 ! CONNECTIONS BETWE5 ! FIELDS BECOME IMPORTANT4 ,9 P>LIAM5T>IAN SY/EMS1 ECOLOGICAL_/5VIRONM5TAL ,N,G,OS & MOVEM5TS ACT USUALLY ON !IR [N = ! OBJECTIVE TO /OP C]TA9 PROJECTS &_/OR TO *ANGE ! LAWS OR SOCIETY 9 ECOLOGICAL S5SE4 ,9 ! NEW SY/EM ( ,BAKUR -- & ,ROJAVA -- ! SOCIAL MOVEM5TS /RUGGLE = !IR OBJECTIVES1 BUT DO IT )9 A DEMOCRATIC & 9CLUSIVE SY/EM4 ,?IS COMES FROM ! P]CEPTION ?AT SOCIETY IS ONE :OLE & HAS BE5 DIVID$ BY CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY SO MU* ?AT ! DIFF]5T SOCIAL & POLITICAL GR\PS & G5D]S DO NOT ACT 9 BALANCE ) EA* O!R3 ONE GR\P TRIES ALWAYS TO DOM9ATE ! O!R ONE4 ,9 CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY1 USUALLY ! GR\PS ) BIG F9ANCIAL CAPACITIES OR WEAPONS DOM9ATE OV] ! O!RS4 ,?IS IS A SIGNIFICANT DIFF]5CE :I* HAS BE5 BR\<T BY ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM4 

,AN EXAMPLE H[ ! DIFF]5T MOVEM5TS CAN WORK SUCCESSFULLY TOGE!R & H[ MU* ! DIFF]5T FIELDS >E 9T]RELAT$1 >E ! RELATIONS ( ! ,M,E,M ) ! ECONOMY MOVEM5T4 ,! ECONOMY MOVEM5T HAS BE5 =M$ 9 #bac AFT] BROAD DISCUSSIONS BY DOZ5S ( ACTIVI/S FROM DIFF]5T /RUGGLES & CRITICAL ECONOMI/S FROM ,BAKUR & ,TURKEY4 ,AMONG !SE PEOPLE W]E SEV]AL ACTIVI/S FROM ! ,M,E,M4 ,S9CE !N !RE IS A GOOD CONNECTION & EX*ANGE BETWE5 ! TWO BRAN*ES4 ,! GOOD RELATION%IP HAS BR\<T TOGE!R ! TWO BRAN*ES 9TO COOP]ATION ON C]TA9 PROJECTS2 PROJECTS :I* >E RELAT$ TO BO? FIELDS ECOLOGY & ECONOMY4 ,ONE EXAMPLE IS ! LONG- DISCUSS$ CON/RUCTION ( A BANK = LOCAL ORGANIC SE$S4 ,A DYNAMIC1 COOP]ATIVE & CRITICAL RELATION ) ! NEW UPCOM+ ECONOMY MOVEM5T1 :I* WANTS TO DEVELOP A COMMUNAL & DEMOCRATIC ECONOMY 9 ,BAKUR1 IS CRUCIAL = ! AIM TO DEVELOP AN ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY4 ,ALL ?AT IS DISCUSS$ & DEVELOP$ AMONG ! ,M,E,M IS AIM$ TO BE IMPLEM5T$ 9 COOP]ATION ) ! ECONOMY FIELD AS WELL ) AS ! MUNICIPALITIES4 ,)\T CONSID]+ COMMUNAL ECONOMY1 AN ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY IS IMPOSSIBLE AS DESCRIB$ ABOVE4 

,! ,MESOPOTAMIA ,ECOLOGY ,MOVEM5T 

  

,9 #b#a#d1 A NEW DISCUSSION AMONG ! ACTIVI/S ( ! ,M,E,M AB\T ITS RE/RUCTUR+ ) ! AIM TO BECOME A REAL & BROAD SOCIAL MOVEM5T />T$4 ,AFT] MANY DISCUSSIONS1 IT RESULT$ 9 ! =MATION ( C\NCILS 9 EA* PROV9CE ( ,BAKUR :I* (F]$ SPACE = POLITICAL ACTIVI/S WORK+ ON ECOLOGY & = NEWCOM]S4 ,ALL PREVI\S & NEW 9ITIATIVES & ASSOCIATIONS & ACTIVI/S WORK+ ON ECOLOGY1 BUT ALSO O!R CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS1 PR(ESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS1 UNIONS1 MUNICIPALITIES & ! PEOPLE'S C\NCILS ( ! ,K,C,D 9 ! URBAN QU>T]S & RURAL REGIONS HAD BE5 9VIT$ TO P>TICIPATE4 ,?IS =M ( REPRES5TATION 9T5DS TO 9CLUDE AS MU* AS POSSIBLE ( SOCIETAL PLAYORS & TO E/ABLI% SOME?+ :I* 9 %ORT & M$IUM T]M %\LD BUILD A SOCIETY ?AT IS MORE ECOLOGICAL1 & ?US1 MORE JU/ & DEMOCRATIC4 

,! MA9 WORK ( ! ,M,E,M IS DONE 9 ! DIFF]5T COMMISSIONS :I* >E E/ABLI%$ ACCORD+ TO ! NE$S & EMPHASIS DEF9$ BY ! PROV9CIAL C\NCILS4 ,EV]Y ACTIVI/ 9 ! ,M,E,M JO9S AT LEA/ ONE COMMISSION 9 ITS PROV9CE4 ,AP>T FROM ! COMMISSIONS :I* EXI/ 9 NE>LY EV]Y PROV9CE1 !RE >E SOME SPECIFIC COMMISSIONS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 9 ! PROV9CE ,D]SIM1 !RE IS ONE COMMISSION = =E/S &1 9 ! METROPOLITAN >EA ( ,AM$1 ONE = ANIMAL RI<TS4 ,!RE >E ALSO A FEW COMMISSIONS AT ! ,BAKUR LEVEL1 LIKE ?OSE = DIPLOMACY1 LAW & ORGANIZ+4 ,! CO-ORD9ATION AT PROV9CIAL LEVEL CONSI/S ( ! TWO CO-SPOKESP]SONS -- ONE WOMAN & ONE MAN4 ,! CO*AIRS >E ELECT$ P]IODICALLY 7#c OR #f MON?S7 BY ! PROV9CIAL ASSEMBLY :I* GA!RS AT LEA/ TWICE A YE> 7SOMETIMES #d TIMES EA* YE>74 ,EA* PROV9CIAL ASSEMBLY ELECTS ANNUALLY SEV]AL 7>\ND #f7 DELEGATES BAS$ ON G5D] QUOTA = ! ASSEMBLY AT ,BAKUR LEVEL :I* MEETS TWICE A YE>4 ,! CO-ORD9ATIONS AT PROV9CIAL LEVEL ELECT TWO DELEGATES1 ONE WOMAN & ONE MAN1 = ! ,BAKUR CO-ORD9ATION :I* MEETS MORE (T5 ?AN ! ,BAKUR ASSEMBLY4 ,AS IT CAN BE DET]M9$ )9 ! ,M,E,M EA* /RUCTURE HAS A G5D] M9IMUM QUOTA ( #d.0 = ITS DELEGATES4 ,! ,M,E,M HAS A #e.0 QUOTA4 

,S9CE ?IS RE/RUCTUR+ ! ,M,E,M IS N[ REPRES5T$ MORE /RONGLY 9 ! ,K,C,D ?R\< ! ACTIONS1 PROJECTS & CAMPAIGNS IT IS REALIZ+4 ,! ,M,E,M CAN BR+ BETT] ITS CONT5T & REQUE/S TO ! CO-ORD9ATIONS ( ! ,K,C,D ON PROV9CIAL & ,BAKUR LEVEL & TO ! ,K,C,D G5]AL ASSEMBLY4 ,! /RONG] ! ,M,E,M IS1 ! MORE IT CAN HAVE IMPACTS ON ! ,K,C,D AS A :OLE1 & ON ITS ACTIVI/S4 ,= EXAMPLE1 IT IS CRUCIAL TO WORK T[>DS ?OSE MUNICIPALITIES :I* HAVE NO GOOD PRACTICE ON ECOLOGY AS WELL AS ON O!R ISSUES4 

,! ,M,E,M IS CONNECT$ QUITE WELL ) MANY ECOLOGICAL MOVEM5TS & ,N,G,O'S \TSIDE ( ,BAKUR )9 ! ,TURKI% /ATE4 ,S9CE #bae = SEV]AL TIMES !RE W]E COMMON ACTIONS1 DELEGATIONS 7LIKE ON =E/ FIRES7 & DISCUSSIONS4 ,9 ?IS S5SE IT IS P>T ( ! ECOLOGY C\NCIL ( ! ,PEOPLE ,DEMOCRATIC ,C\NCIL 7,H,D,K74 ,! ,H,D,K IS ! TURKEY-WIDE SUPRA-/RUCTURE ( ALL /RUCTURES ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 ?US ALSO 9CLUD+ ! ,H,D,P4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ,H,D,K IS EQUIVAL5T TO ,K,C,D :ILE NOT BE+ COMP>ATIVELY /RONG LIKE ! ,K,C,D4 

,S9CE ITS />T ! ,M,E,M HAD TO /RUGGLE ) A L[ AW>5ESS = ECOLOGY 9 SOCIETY :I* HAS ITS IMPACTS 9 ! DIFF]5T ORGANIZATIONS ( ! ,K,C,D4 ,AL?\< !RE IS A MEAN+FUL *ANGE 9 ! LA/ YE>S1 ECOLOGY IS /ILL CONSID]$ BY A BIG P>T ( ! SOCIETY AS SOME?+ ELITI/ & F> AWAY FROM REAL LIFE & IS ASSOCIAT$ ) FOCUS+ ON ! CONS]VATION ( SOME SPECIES OR IMPORTANT NATURAL >EAS OR HAV+ HEAL?Y BUT EXP5SIVE ORGANIC FOOD4 ,MOREOV] ! T]M9OLOGY US$ /ILL DOES NOT MAKE MU* UND]/&ABLE :AT ! ACTIVI/S >E SEEK+4 ,?AT IS :Y PRACTICE HAS BECOME SO CRUCIAL 9 ORD] TO ATTRACT MORE PEOPLE = ! MOVEM5T4 ,CONSID]+ ?AT EV5 A L>GE NUMB] ( PEOPLE ) AN ACADEMIC BACKGR\ND >E 9T]E/$ LESS 9 !ORY & MORE 9 PRACTICE1 PROJECTS ON ! GR\ND CAN MOTIVATE & ACTIVATE MANY & CAN MAKE BETT] UND]/&ABLE :AT IS AIM$ ) AN ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY4 ,PROJECTS LIKE COMMON G>D5+ & TRADITIONAL CON/RUCTION1 :I* ALL 9T]E/$ PEOPLE CAN JO91 HAVE ALSO ! IMPACT ?AT ! ,M,E,M CAN VALIDATE & DEVELOP ITS !ORETICAL APPROA* BAS$ ON ! \TCOMES ( SU* PROJECTS4 ,?IS %\LD BE CONSID]$ ALSO 9 ! LI<T ?AT ! ,K,F,M />TS ) ! G5]AL APPROA* 9 ! MO/ FIELDS ( SOCIETY & SUB/ANTIATE ITS APPROA* 9 A PROTRACT$ PROCESS ( PRACTICE & DISCUSSION4 ,PROJECTS ON ! GR\ND (F] COLLECTIVE WORK & GIVE BACK ! FEEL+ ( COMMUNITY & SOLID>ITY TO PEOPLE1 P>TICUL>LY FROM CITIES4 ,ONE SUCCESSFUL PROJECT WAS ! COLLECTION ( LOCAL & ORGANIC SE$S FROM DIFF]5T >EAS ,BAKUR 9 ! W9T] #b#a#e_/#b#a#f & !IR REPRODUCTION 9 #baf 9 SEV5 PROV9CES4 ,! REPRODUCTION HAS BE5 DONE MO/LY ) ! LOCAL PEOPLE'S NEI<BORHOOD C\NCILS :I* IS A GOOD EXAMPLE H[ ! DIFF]5T FIELDS ( ! ,K,C,D CAN WORK TOGE!R4 ,?IS CAMPAIGN ON SE$S RECEIV$ 9T]E/ BY MANY P>TS ( ! SOCIETY4 ,CONSID]+ ?AT HUMANS >E RATIONAL AS WELL AS EMOTIONAL BE+S1 T\*+ SOIL1 WAT]1 MUD1 PLANTS & WOOD CAN CREATE A BIG SYN]GY4 ,A FUR!R RESULT SU* A PRACTICAL APPROA* CAN HAVE3 9 TIMES ( REPRESSION & W> IT CAN HOLD PEOPLE TOGE!R & ALL[S !M TO COME ?R\< POLITICALLY DIFFICULT P]IODS LIKE ! ONE />T$ ) ! W> 9 SUMM] #bae :I* WORS5$ ) ! /ATE ( EM]G5CY 9 SUMM] #b#a#f4 

,9 AUTUMN #bae ! ,M,E,M CONDUCT$ A HALF YE> DISCUSSION ON ! EI<T MA9 POLITICAL FIELDS 7AGRICULTURE1 5]GY1 WAT]1 HEAL?1 COMMUNAL ECONOMY1 =E/S_/BIODIV]SITY1 ECOLOGICAL CITIES1 ECO-TE*NOLOGY7 = :AT WORK+ GR\PS AT ,BAKUR LEVEL HAD BE5 E/ABLI%$4 ,AT ! 5D ( !SE PROCESSES1 PAP]S HAVE BE5 PREP>$ & LAT] APPROV$ AT ! FIR/ ,M,E,M CONF]5CE 9 ,APRIL #baf 9 ,WAN4 ,!SE POLICY PAP]S HAVE BECOME ! GUIDEL9ES = ! FUTURE WORK :I* COV] A BROAD SPAN & >E L9K$ TO O!R POLITICAL FIELDS LIKE WOM5'S LIB]ATION1 ECONOMY & HEAL?4 ,?IS *ALL5G+ WORK MAY HELP TO F9D 9ITIAL ANSW]S ON ! QUE/ION AS TO :I* DIRECTION ! ,M,E,M %\LD TAKE1 /R5G!N )\T D\BT ! COMMITM5T TO ! /RUGGLE & PRIVIDE TOOLS = SUCCESSFULLY /RUGGL+ AGA9/ /ATE & COMPANIES AS WELL AS )9 ! ,K,F,M4 

,REM>KS 

  

,IT NE$S TO BE /AT$ ?AT ! HEAVY POLITICAL REPRESSION 9 ,BAKUR ON ALL LEVELS ( POLITICAL 5GAGEM5T1 :I* />T$ 9 SUMM] #bae & A*IEV$ ) ! /ATE ( EM]G5CY1 DECL>$ 9 ,JULY #b#a#f1 AN EXTREME LEVEL1 HAS AFFECT$ 9 A /RONG WAY ALSO ! ,M,E,M4 ,S9CE !N ! MO/ ACTIVITIES ( ! ,M,E,M HAVE BE5 LIMIT$1 HALT$ OR *ANG$4 ,H[EV] ! ACTIVITIES HAVE UND]GONE SOME IMPORTANT *ANGE4 ,9 ?IS PAP] ! P]IOD AFT] ! /ATE ( EM]G5CY HAS NOT BE5 CONSID]$4 ,RA!R IT HAS BE5 AIM$ TO DESCRIBE ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! CONSCI\SNESS & DISCUSSION ON & ! /RUGGLE = ECOLOGY 9 ,BAKUR BE=E ! CURR5T REPRESSION4  

,! DISCUSSIONS & PRACTICE ( ,ROJAVA HAS NOT BE5 9CLUD$ 9 ?IS PAP] AS !RE >E V]Y DIFF]5T FRAMEWORKS 7NO /ATE ANY MORE1 MU* LESS CAPITALISM ETC47 AL?\< ! POLITICAL CONCEPT IS ! SAME4  
  

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
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