,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM OR ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM3 ,AN ,UNBRIDGEABLE ,*ASM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,TAGS 3 AN>*Y A J\RNAL ( DESIRE >M$1 VISION ( A LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/1 POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY ( BAKUN91 OPPOSITION TO ! /ATE1 BETWE5 AUTONOMY & FRE$OM1 MONTREAL BLACK ROSE BOOKS1 ABBEY ( !LEME1 TE*NOLOGY & CIVILIZATION1 TE*NICS & CIVILIZATION1 JOHN /U>T MILL4 

,TEXT 3 

,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM OR ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM3 
 ,AN ,UNBRIDGEABLE ,*ASM 
BY ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

  

,PHOTO BY ,JON ,SLANG51,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,S,A ,LIC5SE ,= SOME TWO C5TURIES1 AN>*ISM -- A V]Y ECUM5ICAL BODY ( 
ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN IDEAS -- DEVELOP$ 9 ! T5SION BETWE5 TWO BASICALLY 
CONTRADICTORY T5D5CIES3 A P]SONALI/IC COMMITM5T TO 9DIVIDUAL AUTONOMY 
& A COLLECTIVI/ COMMITM5T TO SOCIAL FRE$OM4 ,!SE T5D5CIES HAVE BY NO 
MEANS BE5 RECONCIL$ 9 ! HI/ORY ( LIB]T>IAN ?\<T4 ,9DE$1 = 
MU* ( ! LA/ C5TURY1 !Y SIMPLY COEXI/$ )9 AN>*ISM AS A 
M9IMALI/ CR$O ( OPPOSITION TO ! ,/ATE RA!R ?AN AS A MAXIMALI/ 
CR$O ?AT >TICULAT$ ! K9D ( NEW SOCIETY ?AT HAD TO BE CREAT$ 9 ITS 
PLACE4 

,:I* IS NOT TO SAY ?AT V>I\S S*OOLS ( AN>*ISM DID NOT ADVOCATE V]Y 
SPECIFIC =MS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 ALBEIT (T5 M>K$LY AT V>IANCE 
) ONE ANO!R4 ,ESS5TIALLY1 H[EV]1 AN>*ISM AS A :OLE ADVANC$ :AT 
,ISAIAH ,B]L9 HAS CALL$ 'NEGATIVE FRE$OM1' ?AT IS TO SAY1 A =MAL 
'FRE$OM FROM1' RA!R ?AN A SUB/ANTIVE 'FRE$OM TO4' ,9DE$1 AN>*ISM 
(T5 CELEBRAT$ ITS COMMITM5T TO NEGATIVE FRE$OM AS EVID5CE ( ITS [N 
PLURALISM1 IDEOLOGICAL TOL]ANCE1 OR CREATIVITY -- OR EV51 AS MORE ?AN ONE 
REC5T PO/MOD]NI/ CELEBRANT HAS >GU$1 ITS 9COH]5CE4 

,AN>*ISM'S FAILURE TO RESOLVE ?IS T5SION1 TO >TICULATE ! RELATION%IP 
( ! 9DIVIDUAL TO ! COLLECTIVE1 & TO 5UNCIATE ! HI/ORICAL 
CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT W\LD MAKE POSSIBLE A /ATELESS AN>*IC SOCIETY PRODUC$ 
PROBLEMS 9 AN>*I/ ?\<T ?AT REMA9 UNRESOLV$ TO ?IS DAY4 ,PI]RE 
,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON1 MORE ?AN MANY AN>*I/S ( HIS DAY1 ATTEMPT$ TO 
=MULATE A FAIRLY CONCRETE IMAGE ( A LIB]T>IAN SOCIETY4 ,BAS$ ON 
CONTRACTS1 ESS5TIALLY BETWE5 SMALL PRODUC]S1 COOP]ATIVES1 & COMMUNES1 
,PR\DHON'S VISION WAS R$OL5T ( ! PROV9CIAL CRAFT WORLD 9TO :I* HE 
WAS BORN4 ,BUT HIS ATTEMPT TO MELD A PATRONI/E1 (T5 PATRI>*AL NOTION ( 
LIB]TY ) CONTRACTUAL SOCIAL >RANGEM5TS WAS LACK+ 9 DEP?4 ,! 
CRAFTSMAN1 COOP]ATIVE1 & COMMUNE1 RELAT+ TO ONE ANO!R ON B\RGEOIS 
CONTRACTUAL T]MS ( EQUITY OR JU/ICE RA!R ?AN ON ! COMMUNI/ T]MS ( 
ABILITY & NE$S1 REFLECT$ ! >TISAN'S BIAS = P]SONAL AUTONOMY1 
LEAV+ ANY MORAL COMMITM5T TO A COLLECTIVE UNDEF9$ BEYOND ! GOOD 
9T5TIONS ( ITS MEMB]S4 

,9DE$1 ,PR\DHON'S FAM\S DECL>ATION ?AT ':OEV] PUTS HIS H& ON ME TO 
GOV]N ME IS AN USURP] & A TYRANT2 ,I DECL>E HIM MY 5EMY' /RONGLY TILTS 
T[>D A P]SONALI/IC1 NEGATIVE FRE$OM ?AT OV]%AD[S HIS OPPOSITION TO 
OPPRESSIVE SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS & ! VISION ( AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY ?AT 
HE PROJECT$4 ,HIS /ATEM5T EASILY BL5DS 9TO ,WILLIAM ,GODW9'S DI/9CTLY 
9DIVIDUALI/IC DECL>ATION3 ',!RE IS BUT ONE P[] TO :I* ,I CAN YIELD A 
HE>TFELT OB$I5CE1 ! DECISION ( MY [N UND]/&+1 ! DICTATES ( 
MY [N CONSCI5CE4' ,GODW9'S APPEAL TO ! 'AU?ORITY' ( HIS [N 
UND]/&+ & CONSCI5CE1 LIKE ,PR\DHON'S CONDEMNATION ( ! 'H&' 
?AT ?REAT5S TO RE/RICT HIS LIB]TY1 GAVE AN>*ISM AN IMM5SELY 
9DIVIDUALI/IC ?RU/4 

,COMPELL+ AS SU* DECL>ATIONS MAY BE -- & 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES !Y HAVE 
WON CONSID]ABLE ADMIRATION FROM ! SO-CALL$ LIB]T>IAN 7MORE ACCURATELY1 
PROPRIET>IAN7 RI<T1 ) ITS AV[ALS ( 'FREE' 5T]PRISE -- !Y REVEAL 
AN AN>*ISM V]Y MU* AT ODDS ) ITSELF4 ,BY CONTRA/1 ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9 & 
,PET] ,KROPOTK9 HELD ESS5TIALLY COLLECTIVI/ VIEWS -- 9 ,KROPOTK9'S CASE1 
EXPLICITLY COMMUNI/ ONES4 ,BAKUN9 EMPHATICALLY PRIORITIZ$ ! SOCIAL OV] 
! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,SOCIETY1 HE WRITES1 
'ANT$ATES & AT ! SAME TIME SURVIVES EV]Y HUMAN 9DIVIDUAL1 BE+ 9 
?IS RESPECT LIKE ,NATURE ITSELF4 ,IT IS ET]NAL LIKE ,NATURE1 OR RA!R1 
HAV+ BE5 BORN UPON \R E>?1 IT WILL LA/ AS LONG AS ! E>?4 ,A 
RADICAL REVOLT AGA9/ SOCIETY W\LD !RE=E BE JU/ AS IMPOSSIBLE = MAN 
AS A REVOLT AGA9/ ,NATURE1 HUMAN SOCIETY BE+ NO?+ ELSE BUT ! LA/ 
GREAT MANIFE/ATION OR CREATION ( ,NATURE UPON ?IS E>?4 ,& AN 9DIVIDUAL 
:O W\LD WANT TO REBEL AGA9/ SOCIETY 4 4 4 W\LD PLACE HIMSELF BEYOND ! 
PALE ( REAL EXI/5CE4'.<#a.> 

,BAKUN9 (T5 EXPRESS$ HIS OPPOSITION TO ! 9DIVIDUALI/IC TR5D 9 
LIB]ALISM & AN>*ISM ) CONSID]ABLE POLEMICAL EMPHASIS4 ,AL?\< 
SOCIETY IS '9DEBT$ TO 9DIVIDUALS1' HE WROTE 9 A RELATIVELY MILD 
/ATEM5T1 ! =MATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL IS SOCIAL3 

'EV5 ! MO/ WRET*$ 9DIVIDUAL ( \R PRES5T SOCIETY C\LD NOT EXI/  
& DEVELOP )\T ! CUMULATIVE SOCIAL EF=TS ( C\NTLESS G5]ATIONS4 
,?US ! 9DIVIDUAL1 HIS FRE$OM & REASON1 >E ! PRODUCTS ( SOCIETY1 
& NOT VISE V]SA3 SOCIETY IS NOT ! PRODUCT ( 9DIVIDUALS COMPRIS+ IT2 
& ! HI<]1 ! MORE FULLY ! 9DIVIDUAL IS DEVELOP$1 ! GREAT] HIS 
FRE$OM -- & ! MORE HE IS ! PRODUCT ( SOCIETY1 ! MORE DOES HE 
RECEIVE FROM SOCIETY & ! GREAT] HIS DEBT TO IT4'.<#b.> 

,KROPOTK91 = HIS P>T1 RETA9$ ?IS COLLECTIVI/IC EMPHASIS ) 
REM>KABLE CONSI/5CY4 ,9 :AT WAS PROBABLY HIS MO/ WIDELY READ WORK1 HIS 
,5CYCLOP$IA ,BRITANNICA ESSAY ON ',AN>*ISM1' ,KROPOTK9 DI/9CTLY LOCAT$ 
! ECONOMIC CONCEPTIONS ( AN>*ISM ON ! 'LEFT-W+' ( 'ALL 
SOCIALISMS1' CALL+ = ! RADICAL ABOLITION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY & ! 
,/ATE 9 '! SPIRIT ( LOCAL & P]SONAL 9ITIATIVE1 & ( FREE 
F$]ATION FROM ! SIMPLE TO ! COMP\ND1 9 LIEU ( ! PRES5T HI]>*Y 
FROM ! C5T] TO ! P]IPH]Y4' ,KROPOTK9'S WORKS ON E?ICS1 9 FACT1 
9CLUDE A SU/A9$ CRITIQUE ( LIB]ALI/IC ATTEMPTS TO C\NT]POSE ! 
9DIVIDUAL TO SOCIETY1 9DE$ TO SUBORD9ATE SOCIETY TO ! 9DIVIDUAL OR 
EGO4 ,HE PLAC$ HIMSELF SQU>ELY 9 ! SOCIALI/ TRADITION4 ,HIS 
AN>*OCOMMUNISM1 PR$ICAT$ ON ADVANCES 9 TE*NOLOGY & 9CREAS$ 
PRODUCTIVITY1 BECAME A PREVAIL+ LIB]T>IAN IDEOLOGY 9 ! #a#h#iS1 
/EADILY ELB[+ \T COLLECTIVI/ NOTIONS ( DI/RIBUTION BAS$ ON EQUITY4 
,AN>*I/S1 '9 COMMON ) MO/ SOCIALI/S1' ,KROPOTK9 EMPHASIZ$1 
RECOGNIZ$ ! NE$ = 'P]IODS ( ACCEL]AT$ EVOLUTION :I* >E CALL$ 
REVOLUTIONS1' ULTIMATELY YIELD+ A SOCIETY BAS$ ON F$]ATIONS ( 'EV]Y 
T[N%IP OR COMMUNE ( ! LOCAL GR\PS ( PRODUC]S & CONSUM]S4'.<#c.> 

,) ! EM]G5CE ( AN>*OSYNDICALISM & AN>*O-COMMUNISM 9 ! LATE 
N9ETE5? & E>LY TW5TIE? C5TURY1 ! NE$ TO RESOLVE ! T5SION 
BETWE5 ! 9DIVIDUALI/ & ! COLLECTIVI/ T5D5CIES ESS5TIALLY BECAME 
MOOT4 ,AN>*O-9DIVIDUALISM WAS L>GELY M>G9ALIZ$ BY MASS SOCIALI/IC 
WORK]S' MOVEM5TS1 ( :I* MO/ AN>*I/S CONSID]$ !MSELVES ! LEFT 
W+4 ,9 AN ]A ( /ORMY SOCIAL UPHEAVAL1 M>K$ BY ! RISE ( A MASS 
WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T ?AT CULM9AT$ 9 ! #a#i#cS & ! ,SPANI% 
,REVOLUTION1 AN>*OSYNDICALI/S & AN>*OCOMMUNI/S1 NO LESS ?AN 
,M>XI/S1 CONSID]$ AN>*O-9DIVIDUALISM TO BE PETTY-B\RGEOIS EXOTICA4 
,!Y (T5 ATTACK$ IT QUITE DIRECTLY AS A MIDDLE-CLASS 9DULG5CE1 ROOT$ 
F> MORE 9 LIB]ALISM ?AN 9 AN>*ISM4 

,! P]IOD H>DLY ALL[$ 9DIVIDUALI/S1 9 ! NAME ( !IR 'UNIQU5ESS1' 
TO IGNORE ! NE$ = 5]GETIC REVOLUTION>Y =MS ( ORGANIZATION ) 
COH]5T & COMPELL+ PROGRAMS4 ,F> FROM 9DULG+ 9 ,MAX ,/IRN]'S 
METAPHYSICS ( ! EGO & ITS 'UNIQU5ESS1' AN>*I/ ACTIVI/S REQUIR$ A 
BASIC !ORETICAL1 DISCURSIVE1 & PROGRAMMATICALLY ORI5T$ LIT]ATURE1 A 
NE$ ?AT WAS FILL$ BY1 AMONG O!RS1 ,KROPOTK9'S ,! ,CONQUE/ ( ,BREAD 
7,LONDON1 #a#i#a#c71 ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILL'N'S ,EL ORGANISMO ECON'MICO DE LA 
REVOLUCI'N 7,B>CELONA1 #a#i#c#f71 & ,G4 ,P4 ,MAXIM(F'S ,! ,POLITICAL ,PHILOSOPHY 
( ,BAKUN9 7,5GLI% PUBLICATION 9 #a#i#e#c1 ?REE YE>S AFT] ,MAXIM(F'S DEA?2 
! DATE ( ORIG9AL COMPILATION1 NOT PROVID$ 9 ! ,5GLI% TRANSLATION1 
MAY HAVE BE5 YE>S1 EV5 DECADES E>LI]74 ,NO ,/IRN]ITE ',UNION ( 
,EGOI/S1' TO MY KN[L$GE1 EV] ROSE TO PROM95CE -- EV5 ASSUM+ SU* A 
UNION C\LD BE E/ABLI%$ & SURVIVE ! 'UNIQU5ESS' ( ITS EGOC5TRIC 
P>TICIPANTS4 

,9DIVIDUALI/ ,AN>*ISM & ,REACTION 

,TO BE SURE1 IDEOLOGICAL 9DIVIDUALISM DID NOT FADE AWAY ALTOGE!R DUR+ 
?IS P]IOD ( SWEEP+ SOCIAL UNRE/4 ,A SIZABLE RES]VOIR ( 9DIVIDUALI/ 
AN>*I/S1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! ,ANGLO-,AM]ICAN WORLD1 W]E N\RI%$ BY ! 
IDEAS ( ,JOHN ,LOCKE & ,JOHN ,/U>T ,MILL1 AS WELL AS ,/IRN] HIMSELF4 
,HOMEGR[N 9DIVIDUALI/S ) V>Y+ DEGREES ( COMMITM5T TO LIB]T>IAN 
VIEWS LITT]$ ! AN>*I/ HORIZON4 ,9 PRACTICE1 AN>*O-9DIVIDUALISM 
ATTRACT$ PRECISELY 9DIVIDUALS1 FROM ,B5JAM9 ,TUCK] 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 
AN ADH]5T ( A QUA9T V]SION ( FREE COMPETITION1 TO ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y 9 
,SPA91 :O (T5 HONOR$ H] ,/IRN]ITE BELIEFS 9 ! BREA*4 ,DESPITE !IR 
AV[ALS ( AN AN>*OCOMMUNI/ IDEOLOGY1 ,NIETZS*EANS LIKE ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 
REMA9$ *EEK TO J[L 9 SPIRIT ) 9DIVIDUALI/S4 

,H>DLY ANY AN>*O-9DIVIDUALI/S EX]CIS$ AN 9FLU5CE ON ! EM]G+ 
WORK+ CLASS4 ,!Y EXPRESS$ !IR OPPOSITION 9 UNIQUELY P]SONAL =MS1 
ESPECIALLY 9 FI]Y TRACTS1 \TRAGE\S BEHAVIOR1 & AB]RANT LIFE/YLES 9 
! CULTURAL <ETTOS ( F9 DE SI8CLE ,NEW ,YORK1 ,P>IS1 & ,LONDON4 ,AS A 
CR$O1 9DIVIDUALI/ AN>*ISM REMA9$ L>GELY A BOHEMIAN LIFE/YLE1 MO/ 
CONSPICU\S 9 ITS DEM&S = SEXUAL FRE$OM 7'FREE LOVE'7 & 5AMOR$ ( 
9NOVATIONS 9 >T1 BEHAVIOR1 & CLO?+4 

,IT WAS 9 TIMES ( SEV]E SOCIAL REPRESSION & DEAD5+ SOCIAL QUIESC5CE 
?AT 9DIVIDUALI/ AN>*I/S CAME TO ! =EGR\ND ( LIB]T>IAN ACTIVITY 
-- & !N PRIM>ILY AS T]RORI/S4 ,9 ,FRANCE1 ,SPA91 & ! ,UNIT$ 
,/ATES1 9DIVIDUALI/IC AN>*I/S COMMITT$ ACTS ( T]RORISM ?AT GAVE 
AN>*ISM ITS REPUTATION AS A VIOL5TLY S9I/] CONSPIRACY4 ,?OSE :O 
BECAME T]RORI/S W]E LESS (T5 LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/S OR COMMUNI/S ?AN 
DESP]ATE M5 & WOM5 :O US$ WEAPONS & EXPLOSIVES TO PROTE/ ! 
9JU/ICES & PHILI/9ISM ( !IR TIME1 PUTATIVELY 9 ! NAME ( 
'PROPAG&A ( ! DE$4' ,MO/ (T51 H[EV]1 9DIVIDUALI/ AN>*ISM 
EXPRESS$ ITSELF 9 CULTURALLY DEFIANT BEHAVIOR4 ,IT CAME TO PROM95CE 9 
AN>*ISM PRECISELY TO ! DEGREE ?AT AN>*I/S LO/ !IR CONNECTION ) 
A VIABLE PUBLIC SPH]E4 

,TODAY'S REACTION>Y SOCIAL CONTEXT GREATLY EXPLA9S ! EM]G5CE ( A 
PH5OM5ON 9 ,EURO-,AM]ICAN AN>*ISM ?AT CANNOT BE IGNOR$3 ! SPREAD ( 
9DIVIDUALI/ AN>*ISM4 ,9 A TIME :5 EV5 RESPECTABLE =MS ( SOCIALISM 
>E 9 PELL-MELL RETREAT FROM PR9CIPLES ?AT MI<T 9 ANY WAY BE CON/RU$ 
AS RADICAL1 ISSUES ( LIFE/YLE >E ONCE AGA9 SUPPLANT+ SOCIAL ACTION & 
REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS 9 AN>*ISM4 ,9 ! TRADITIONALLY 
9DIVIDUALI/-LIB]AL ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ,BRITA91 ! #a#i#iS >E AWA% 9 
SELF-/YL$ AN>*I/S :O -- !IR FLAMBOYANT RADICAL RHETORIC ASIDE -- >E 
CULTIVAT+ A LATT]-DAY AN>*O-9DIVIDUALISM ?AT ,I WILL CALL LIFE/YLE 
AN>*ISM4 ,ITS PREOCCUPATIONS ) ! EGO & ITS UNIQU5ESS & ITS 
POLYMORPH\S CONCEPTS ( RESI/ANCE >E /EADILY ]OD+ ! SOCIALI/IC 
*>ACT] ( ! LIB]T>IAN TRADITION4 ,NO LESS ?AN ,M>XISM & O!R 
SOCIALISMS1 AN>*ISM CAN BE PR(\NDLY 9FLU5C$ BY ! B\RGEOIS 
5VIRONM5T IT PR(ESSES TO OPPOSE1 ) ! RESULT ?AT ! GR[+ 
'9W>DNESS' & N>CISSISM ( ! YUPPIE G5]ATION HAVE LEFT !IR M>K 
UPON MANY AV[$ RADICALS4 ,AD HOC ADV5TURISM1 P]SONAL BRAVURA1 AN AV]SION 
TO !ORY ODDLY AK9 TO ! ANTIRATIONAL BIASES ( PO/MOD]NISM1 
CELEBRATIONS ( !ORETICAL 9COH]5CE 7PLURALISM71 A BASICALLY APOLITICAL 
& ANTI-ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITM5T TO IMAG9ATION1 DESIRE1 & EC/ASY1 & 
AN 9T5SELY SELF-ORI5T$ 5*ANTM5T ( EV]YDAY LIFE1 REFLECT ! TOLL 
?AT SOCIAL REACTION HAS TAK5 ON ,EURO-,AM]ICAN AN>*ISM OV] ! PA/ TWO 
DECADES4 

,DUR+ ! #a#i#gS1 WRITES ,KAT9KA ,MATSON1 ! COMPIL] ( A COMP5DIUM ( 
TE*NIQUES = P]SONAL PSY*OLOGICAL DEVELOPM5T1 !RE OCCURR$ 'A 
REM>KABLE *ANGE 9 ! WAY WE P]CEIVE \RSELVES 9 ! WORLD4 ,! #a#i#fS1' 
%E CONT9UES1 'SAW A PREOCCUPATION ) POLITICAL ACTIVISM1 ,VIETNAM1 
ECOLOGY1 BE-9S1 COMMUNES1 DRUGS1 ETC4 ,TODAY WE >E TURN+ 9W>D3 WE >E 
LOOK+ = P]SONAL DEF9ITION1 P]SONAL IMPROVEM5T1 P]SONAL A*IEVEM5T1 
& P]SONAL 5LI<T5M5T4'.<#d.> ,MATSON'S NOXI\S LITTLE BE/I>Y1 COMPIL$ 
= ,PSY*OLOGY ,TODAY MAGAZ9E1 COV]S EV]Y TE*NIQUE FROM ACUPUNCTURE TO 
! ,I ,*+1 FROM E/ TO ZONE !RAPY4 ,9 RETROSPECT1 %E MI<T WELL HAVE 
9CLUD$ LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM 9 H] COMP5DIUM ( 9W>D-LOOK+ SOPORIFICS1 
MO/ ( :I* FO/] IDEAS ( 9DIVIDUAL AUTONOMY RA!R ?AN SOCIAL 
FRE$OM4 ,PSY*O!RAPY 9 ALL ITS MUTATIONS CULTIVATES AN 9W>DLY DIRECT$ 
'SELF' ?AT SEEKS AUTONOMY 9 A QUIESC5T PSY*OLOGICAL CONDITION ( 
EMOTIONAL SELF-SUFFICI5CY -- NOT ! SOCIALLY 9VOLV$ SELF D5OT$ BY 
FRE$OM4 ,9 LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM AS 9 PSY*O!RAPY1 ! EGO IS C\NT]POS$ 
TO ! COLLECTIVE2 ! SELF1 TO SOCIETY2 ! P]SONAL1 TO ! COMMUNAL4 

,! EGO -- MORE PRECISELY1 ITS 9C>NATION 9 V>I\S LIFE/YLES -- HAS 
BECOME AN ID@&EACUATAE2 FIXE = MANY PO/-#a#i#fS AN>*I/S1 :O >E LOS+ CONTACT 
) ! NE$ = AN ORGANIZ$1 COLLECTIVI/IC1 PROGRAMMATIC OPPOSITION TO 
! EXI/+ SOCIAL ORD]4 ,9V]TEBRATE 'PROTE/S1' DIRECTIONLESS ESCAPADES1 
SELF-ASS]TIONS1 & A V]Y P]SONAL 'RECOLONIZATION' ( EV]YDAY LIFE 
P>ALLEL ! PSY*O!RAPEUTIC1 ,NEW ,AGE1 SELF-ORI5T$ LIFE/YLES ( BOR$ 
BABY BOOM]S & MEMB]S ( ,G5]ATION ,X4 ,TODAY1 :AT PASSES = AN>*ISM 
9 ,AM]ICA & 9CREAS+LY 9 ,EUROPE IS LITTLE MORE ?AN AN 9TROSPECTIVE 
P]SONALISM ?AT D5IGRATES RESPONSIBLE SOCIAL COMMITM5T2 AN 5C\NT] 
GR\P V>I\SLY R5AM$ A 'COLLECTIVE' OR AN 'AFF9ITY GR\P'2 A /ATE ( 
M9D ?AT >ROGANTLY D]IDES /RUCTURE1 ORGANIZATION1 & PUBLIC 
9VOLVEM5T2 & A PLAYGR\ND = JUV5ILE ANTICS4 

,CONSCI\SLY OR NOT1 MANY LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S >TICULATE ,MI*EL ,F\CAULT'S 
APPROA* ( 'P]SONAL 9SURRECTION' RA!R ?AN SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 PREMIS$ 
AS IT IS ON AN AMBIGU\S & COSMIC CRITIQUE ( P[] AS SU* RA!R ?AN ON 
A DEM& = ! 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ EMP[]M5T ( ! OPPRESS$ 9 POPUL> 
ASSEMBLIES1 C\NCILS1 &_/OR CONF$]ATIONS4 ,TO ! EXT5T ?AT ?IS TR5D 
RULES \T ! REAL POSSIBILITY ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION -- EI!R AS AN 
'IMPOSSIBILITY' OR AS AN 'IMAG9>Y' -- IT VITIATES SOCIALI/IC OR 
COMMUNI/IC AN>*ISM 9 A FUNDAM5TAL S5SE4 ,9DE$1 ,F\CAULT FO/]S A 
P]SPECTIVE ?AT 'RESI/ANCE IS NEV] 9 A POSITION ( EXT]IORITY 9 
RELATION TO P[]4 4 4 4 ,H5CE !RE IS NO S+LE .<READ3 UNIV]SAL.> LOCUS ( 
GREAT ,REFUSAL1 NO S\L ( REVOLT1 S\RCE ( ALL REBELLIONS1 OR PURE LAW ( 
! REVOLUTION>Y4' ,CAU<T AS WE ALL >E 9 ! UBIQUIT\S EMBRACE ( A 
P[] SO COSMIC ?AT1 ,F\CAULT'S OV]/ATEM5TS & EQUIVOCATIONS ASIDE1 
RESI/ANCE BECOMES 5TIRELY POLYMORPH\S1 WE DRIFT FUTILELY BETWE5 ! 
'SOLIT>Y' & ! 'RAMPANT4'.<#e.>,HIS ME&]+ IDEAS COME D[N TO ! 
NOTION ?AT RESI/ANCE MU/ NECESS>ILY BE A GU]RILLA W> ?AT IS ALWAYS 
PRES5T -- & ?AT IS 9EVITABLY DEFEAT$4 

,LIFE/YLE1 LIKE 9DIVIDUALI/1 AN>*ISM BE>S A DISDA9 = !ORY1 ) 
MY/ICAL1 & PRIMITIVI/IC FILIATIONS ?AT >E G5]ALLY TOO VAGUE1 
9TUITIONAL1 & EV5 ANTIRATIONAL TO ANALYZE DIRECTLY4 ,!Y >E MORE 
PROP]LY SYMPTOMS ?AN CAUSES ( ! G5]AL DRIFT T[>D A SANCTIFICATION 
( ! SELF AS A REFUGE FROM ! EXI/+ SOCIAL MALAISE4 ,NONE!LESS1 
L>GELY P]SONALI/IC AN>*ISMS /ILL HAVE C]TA9 MUDDY !ORETICAL 
PREMISES ?AT L5D !MSELVES TO CRITICAL EXAM9ATION4 

,!IR IDEOLOGICAL P$IGREE IS BASICALLY LIB]AL1 GR\ND$ 9 ! MY? ( ! 
FULLY AUTONOM\S 9DIVIDUAL :OSE CLAIMS TO SELF-SOV]EIGNTY >E VALIDAT$ 
BY AXIOMATIC 'NATURAL RI<TS1' '9TR9SIC WOR?1' OR1 ON A MORE 
SOPHI/ICAT$ LEVEL1 AN 9TUIT$ ,KANTIAN TRANSC5D5TAL EGO ?AT IS 
G5]ATIVE ( ALL KN[ABLE REALITY4 ,!SE TRADITIONAL VIEWS SURFACE 9 ,MAX 
,/IRN]'S ',I' OR EGO1 :I* %>ES ) EXI/5TIALISM A T5D5CY TO ABSORB 
ALL ( REALITY 9TO ITSELF1 AS IF ! UNIV]SE TURN$ ON ! *OICES ( ! 
SELF-ORI5T$ 9DIVIDUAL4 

,MORE REC5T WORKS ON LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM G5]ALLY SIDE/EP ,/IRN]'S 
SOV]EIGN1 ALL-5COMPASS+ ',I1' ALBEIT RETA9+ ITS EGOC5TRIC EMPHASIS1 
& T5D T[>D EXI/5TIALISM1 RECYCL$ ,SITUATIONISM1 ,BUDDHISM1 ,TAOISM1 
ANTIRATIONALISM1 & PRIMITIVISM -- OR1 QUITE ECUM5ICALLY1 ALL ( !M 9 
V>I\S P]MUTATIONS4 ,!IR COMMONALITIES1 AS WE %ALL SEE1 >E R$OL5T ( 
A PRELAPS>IAN RETURN TO AN ORIG9AL1 (T5 DIFFUSE1 & EV5 PETULANTLY 
9FANTILE EGO ?AT O/5SIBLY PREC$ES HI/ORY1 CIVILIZATION1 & A 
SOPHI/ICAT$ TE*NOLOGY -- POSSIBLY LANGUAGE ITSELF -- & !Y HAVE 
N\RI%$ MORE ?AN ONE REACTION>Y POLITICAL IDEOLOGY OV] ! PA/ 
C5TURY4 

,AUTONOMY OR ,FRE$OM8 

,)\T FALL+ 9TO ! TRAP ( SOCIAL CON/RUCTIONISM ?AT SEES EV]Y 
CATEGORY AS A PRODUCT ( A GIV5 SOCIAL ORD]1 WE >E OBLIG$ TO ASK = A 
DEF9ITION ( ! 'FREE 9DIVIDUAL4' ,H[ DOES 9DIVIDUALITY COME 9TO BE+1 
& UND] :AT CIRCUM/ANCES IS IT FREE8 

,:5 LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S CALL = AUTONOMY RA!R ?AN FRE$OM1 !Y 
!REBY =FEIT ! RI* SOCIAL CONNOTATIONS ( FRE$OM4 ,9DE$1 TODAY'S 
/EADY AN>*I/ DRUMBEAT = AUTONOMY RA!R ?AN SOCIAL FRE$OM CANNOT BE 
DISMISS$ AS ACCID5TAL1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,ANGLO-,AM]ICAN V>IETIES ( 
LIB]T>IAN ?\<T1 :]E ! NOTION ( AUTONOMY MORE CLOSELY CORRESPONDS 
TO P]SONAL LIB]TY4 ,ITS ROOTS LIE 9 ! ,ROMAN IMP]IAL TRADITION ( 
LIB]TAS1 :]E9 ! UNTRAMMEL$ EGO IS 'FREE' TO [N HIS P]SONAL PROP]TY 
-- & TO GRATIFY HIS P]SONAL LU/S4 ,TODAY1 ! 9DIVIDUAL 5D[$ ) 
'SOV]EIGN RI<TS' IS SE5 BY MANY LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S AS ANTI!TICAL NOT 
ONLY TO ! ,/ATE BUT TO SOCIETY AS SU*4 

,/RICTLY DEF9$1 ! ,GREEK WORD AUTONOMIA MEANS '9DEP5D5CE1' CONNOT+ A 
SELF-MANAG+ EGO1 9DEP5D5T ( ANY CLI5TAGE OR RELIANCE ON O!RS = 
ITS MA9T5ANCE4 ,TO MY KN[L$GE1 IT WAS NOT WIDELY US$ BY ! ,GREEK 
PHILOSOPH]S2 9DE$1 IT IS NOT EV5 M5TION$ 9 ,F4 ,E4 ,PET]S'S HI/ORICAL 
LEXICON ( ,GREEK ,PHILOSOPHICAL ,T]MS4 ,AUTONOMY1 LIKE LIB]TY1 REF]S TO ! 
MAN 7OR WOMAN7 :O ,PLATO W\LD HAVE IRONICALLY CALL$ ! 'MA/] ( 
HIMSELF1' A CONDITION ':5 ! BETT] PR9CIPLE ( ! HUMAN S\L CONTROLS 
! WORSE4' ,EV5 = ,PLATO1 ! ATTEMPT TO A*IEVE AUTONOMY ?R\< MA/]Y 
( ONESELF CON/ITUT$ A P>ADOX1 '= ! MA/] IS ALSO ! S]VANT & 
! S]VANT ! MA/]1 & 9 ALL !SE MODES ( SPEAK+ ! SAME P]SON 
IS PR$ICAT$' 7,REPUBLIC1 BOOK #d1 #d#c#a74 ,*>ACT]I/ICALLY1 ,PAUL ,GOODMAN1 AN 
ESS5TIALLY 9DIVIDUALI/IC AN>*I/1 MA9TA9$ ?AT '= ME1 ! *IEF 
PR9CIPLE ( AN>*ISM IS NOT FRE$OM BUT AUTONOMY1 ! ABILITY TO 9ITIATE 
A TASK & DO IT ONE'S [N WAY' -- A VIEW WOR?Y ( AN ES!TE BUT NOT ( A 
SOCIAL REVOLUTION>Y4.<#f.> 

,:ILE AUTONOMY IS ASSOCIAT$ ) ! PRESUMABLY SELF-SOV]EIGN 9DIVIDUAL1 
FRE$OM DIALECTICALLY 9T]WEAVES ! 9DIVIDUAL ) ! COLLECTIVE4 ,! 
WORD FRE$OM HAS ITS ANALOG 9 ! ,GREEK ELEU!RIA & D]IVES FROM ! 
,G]MAN ,FREIHEIT1 A T]M ?AT /ILL RETA9S A GEME9S*'FTLI*E OR COMMUNAL 
ANCE/RY 9 ,TEUTONIC TRIBAL LIFE & LAW4 ,:5 APPLI$ TO ! 9DIVIDUAL1 
FRE$OM ?US PRES]VES A SOCIAL OR COLLECTIVE 9T]PRETATION ( ?AT 
9DIVIDUAL'S ORIG9S & DEVELOPM5T AS A SELF4 ,9 'FRE$OM1' 9DIVIDUAL 
SELFHOOD DOES NOT /& OPPOS$ TO OR AP>T FROM ! COLLECTIVE BUT IS 
SIGNIFICANTLY =M$ -- & 9 A RATIONAL SOCIETY1 W\LD BE REALIZ$ -- BY 
HIS OR H] [N SOCIAL EXI/5CE4 ,FRE$OM ?US DOES NOT SUBSUME ! 
9DIVIDUAL'S LIB]TY BUT D5OTES ITS ACTUALIZATION4 

,! CONFUSION BETWE5 AUTONOMY & FRE$OM IS ALL TOO EVID5T 9 ,L4 ,SUSAN 
,BR[N'S ,! ,POLITICS ( ,9DIVIDUALISM 7,P,O,I71 A REC5T ATTEMPT TO >TICULATE 
& ELABORATE A BASICALLY 9DIVIDUALI/ AN>*ISM1 YET RETA9 SOME 
FILIATIONS ) AN>*O-COMMUNISM4 .<#g.> ,IF LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM NE$S AN 
ACADEMIC P$IGREE1 IT WILL F9D IT 9 H] ATTEMPT TO MELD ,BAKUN9 & 
,KROPOTK9 ) ,JOHN ,/U>T ,MILL4 ,ALAS1 H]E9 LIES A PROBLEM ?AT IS MORE 
?AN ACADEMIC4 ,BR[N'S WORK EXHIBITS ! EXT5T TO :I* CONCEPTS ( 
P]SONAL AUTONOMY /& AT ODDS ) CONCEPTS ( SOCIAL FRE$OM4 ,9 ESS5CE1 
LIKE ,GOODMAN %E 9T]PRETS AN>*ISM AS A PHILOSOPHY NOT ( SOCIAL FRE$OM 
BUT ( P]SONAL AUTONOMY4 ,%E !N (F]S A NOTION ( 'EXI/5TIAL 
9DIVIDUALISM' ?AT %E CONTRA/S %>PLY BO? ) '9/RUM5TAL 
9DIVIDUALISM' 7OR ,C4 ,B4 ,MACPH]SON'S 'POSSESSIVE .<B\RGEOIS.> 
9DIVIDUALISM'7 & ) 'COLLECTIVISM' -- LEAV5$ ) EXT5SIVE 
QUOTATIONS FROM ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 :O WAS BY NO MEANS ! ABLE/ ?9K] 9 ! 
LIB]T>IAN PAN!ON4 

,BR[N'S 'EXI/5TIAL 9DIVIDUALISM' %>ES LIB]ALISM'S 'COMMITM5T TO 
9DIVIDUAL AUTONOMY & SELF-DET]M9ATION1' %E WRITES 7,P,O,I1 P4 #b74 ',:ILE 
MU* ( AN>*I/ !ORY HAS BE5 VIEW$ AS COMMUNI/ BY AN>*I/S & 
NON-AN>*I/S ALIKE1' %E OBS]VES1 ':AT DI/+UI%ES AN>*ISM FROM 
O!R COMMUNI/ PHILOSOPHIES IS AN>*ISM'S UNCOMPROMIS+ & REL5TLESS 
CELEBRATION ( 9DIVIDUAL SELF-DET]M9ATION & AUTONOMY4 ,TO BE AN 
AN>*I/ -- :E!R COMMUNI/1 9DIVIDUALI/1 MUTUALI/1 SYNDICALI/1 OR 
FEM9I/ -- IS TO AFFIRM A COMMITM5T TO ! PRIMACY ( 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM' 
7,P,O,I1 P4 #b7 -- & H]E %E USES ! WORD FRE$OM 9 ! S5SE ( AUTONOMY4 
,AL?\< AN>*ISM'S 'CRITIQUE ( PRIVATE PROP]TY & ADVOCACY ( FREE 
COMMUNAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS' 7,P,O,I1 P4 #b7 MOVE ,BR[N'S AN>*ISM BEYOND 
LIB]ALISM1 IT NONE!LESS UPHOLDS 9DIVIDUAL RI<TS OV] -- & AGA9/ -- 
?OSE ( ! COLLECTIVE4 

',:AT DI/+UI%ES .<EXI/5TIAL 9DIVIDUALISM.> FROM ! COLLECTIVI/ PO9T 
( VIEW1' ,BR[N GOES ON1 'IS ?AT 9DIVIDUALI/S' -- AN>*I/S NO LESS ?AN 
LIB]ALS -- 'BELIEVE 9 ! EXI/5CE ( AN 9T]NALLY MOTIVAT$ & 
AU!NTIC FREE WILL1 :ILE MO/ COLLECTIVI/S UND]/& ! HUMAN 
9DIVIDUAL AS %AP$ EXT]NALLY BY O!RS -- ! 9DIVIDUAL = !M IS 
'CON/RUCT$' BY ! COLLECTIVE' 7,P,O,I1 P4 #a#b1 EMPHASIS ADD$74 ,ESS5TIALLY1 
,BR[N DISMISSES COLLECTIVISM -- NOT JU/ /ATE SOCIALISM1 BUT COLLECTIVISM 
AS SU* -- ) ! LIB]AL CAN>D ?AT A COLLECTIVI/ SOCIETY 5TAILS ! 
SUBORD9ATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL TO ! GR\P4 ,H] EXTRAORD9>Y SUGGE/ION 
?AT 'MO/ COLLECTIVI/S' HAVE REG>D$ 9DIVIDUAL PEOPLE AS 'SIMPLY HUMAN 
FLOTSAM & JETSAM SWEPT ALONG 9 ! CURR5T ( HI/ORY' 7,P,O,I1 P4#a#b7 IS A 
CASE 9 PO9T4 ,/AL9 C]TA9LY HELD ?IS VIEW1 & SO DID MANY ,BOL%EVIKS1 
) !IR HYPO/ASIZATION ( SOCIAL =CES OV] 9DIVIDUAL DESIRES & 
9T5TIONS4 ,BUT COLLECTIVI/S AS SU*8 ,>E WE TO IGNORE ! G5]\S 
TRADITIONS ( COLLECTIVISM ?AT S\<T A RATIONAL1 DEMOCRATIC1 & 
H>MONI\S SOCIETY -- ! VISIONS ( ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS1 SAY1 OR ,GU/AV 
,L&AU]8 ,:AT AB\T ,ROB]T ,[51 ! ,F\RI]I/S1 DEMOCRATIC & 
LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/S1 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS ( AN E>LI] ]A1 EV5 ,K>L ,M>X 
& ,PET] ,KROPOTK98 ,I AM NOT SURE ?AT 'MO/ COLLECTIVI/S1' EV5 ?OSE :O 
>E AN>*I/S1 W\LD ACCEPT ! CRUDE DET]M9ISM ?AT ,BR[N ATTRIBUTES TO 
,M>X'S SOCIAL 9T]PRETATIONS4 ,BY CREAT+ /RAW 'COLLECTIVI/S' :O >E 
H>D-L9E ME*ANI/S1 ,BR[N RHETORICALLY C\NT]POSES A MY/]I\SLY & 
AUTOG5ETICALLY CON/ITUT$ 9DIVIDUAL1 ON ! ONE H&1 ) AN 
OMNIPRES5T1 PRESUMABLY OPPRESSIVE1 EV5 TOTALIT>IAN COLLECTIVE1 ON ! 
O!R4 ,BR[N1 9 EFFECT1 OV]/ATES ! CONTRA/ BETWE5 'EXI/5TIAL 
9DIVIDUALISM' & ! BELIEFS ( 'MO/ COLLECTIVI/S' -- TO ! PO9T :]E 
H] >GUM5TS SEEM MISGUID$ AT BE/ OR DIS+5U\S AT WOR/4 

,IT IS ELEM5T>Y ?AT1 ,JEAN-,JACQUES ,R\SSEAU'S R++ OP5+ TO ! ,SOCIAL 
,CONTRACT NOT)/&+1 PEOPLE >E DEF9ITELY NOT 'BORN FREE1' LET ALONE 
AUTONOM\S4 ,9DE$1 QUITE TO ! CONTR>Y1 !Y >E BORN V]Y UNFREE1 HI<LY 
DEP5D5T1 & CONSPICU\SLY HET]ONOM\S4 ,:AT FRE$OM1 9DEP5D5CE1 & 
AUTONOMY PEOPLE HAVE 9 A GIV5 HI/ORICAL P]IOD IS ! PRODUCT ( LONG 
SOCIAL TRADITIONS &1 YES1 A COLLECTIVE DEVELOPM5T -- :I* IS NOT TO D5Y 
?AT 9DIVIDUALS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE 9 ?AT DEVELOPM5T1 9DE$ >E 
ULTIMATELY OBLIG$ TO DO SO IF !Y WI% TO BE FREE4 

,BR[N'S >GUM5T LEADS TO A SURPRIS+LY SIMPLI/IC CONCLUSION4 ',IT IS NOT 
! GR\P ?AT GIVES %APE TO ! 9DIVIDUAL1' WE >E TOLD1 'BUT RA!R 
9DIVIDUALS :O GIVE =M & CONT5T TO ! GR\P4 ,A GR\P IS A COLLECTION 
( 9DIVIDUALS1 NO MORE & NO LESS2 IT HAS NO LIFE OR CONSCI\SNESS ( ITS 
[N' 7,P,O,I1 P4 #a#b1 EMPHASIS ADD$74 ,NOT ONLY DOES ?IS 9CR$IBLE =MULATION 
CLOSELY RESEMBLE ,M>G>ET ,?AT*]'S NOTORI\S /ATEM5T ?AT !RE IS NO 
SU* ?+ AS A SOCIETY BUT ONLY 9DIVIDUALS2 IT ATTE/S TO A POSITIVI/IC1 
9DE$ NAIVE SOCIAL MYOPIA 9 :I* ! UNIV]SAL IS :OLLY SEP>AT$ FROM 
! CONCRETE4 ,>I/OTLE1 ONE W\LD HAVE ?\<T1 RESOLV$ ?IS PROBLEM :5 
HE *ID$ ,PLATO = CREAT+ A REALM ( 9EFFABLE '=MS' ?AT EXI/$ AP>T 
FROM !IR TANGIBLE & IMP]FECT 'COPIES4' 

,IT REMA9S TRUE ?AT 9DIVIDUALS NEV] =M M]E 'COLLECTIONS' -- EXCEPT 
P]HAPS 9 CYB]SPACE2 QUITE TO ! CONTR>Y1 EV5 :5 !Y SEEM ATOMIZ$ 
& H]METIC1 !Y >E IMM5SELY DEF9$ BY ! RELATION%IPS !Y E/ABLI% 
OR >E OBLIG$ TO E/ABLI% ) EA* O!R1 BY VIRTUE ( !IR V]Y REAL 
EXI/5CE AS SOCIAL BE+S4 ,! IDEA ?AT A COLLECTIVE -- & BY 
EXTRAPOLATION1 SOCIETY -- IS M]ELY A 'COLLECTION ( 9DIVIDUALS1 NO MORE 
& NO LESS' REPRES5TS AN '9SI<T' 9TO ! NATURE ( HUMAN CONSOCIATION 
?AT IS H>DLY LIB]AL BUT1 TODAY P>TICUL>LY1 POT5TIALLY REACTION>Y4 

,BY 9SI/5TLY ID5TIFY+ COLLECTIVISM ) AN IMPLACABLE SOCIAL 
DET]M9ISM1 ,BR[N H]SELF CREATES AN AB/RACT '9DIVIDUAL1' ONE ?AT IS NOT 
EV5 EXI/5TIAL 9 ! /RICTLY CONV5TIONAL S5SE ( ! WORD4 ,M9IMALLY1 
HUMAN EXI/5CE PRESUPPOSES ! SOCIAL & MAT]IAL CONDITIONS NECESS>Y = 
! MA9T5ANCE ( LIFE1 SANITY1 9TELLIG5CE1 & DISC\RSE2 & ! 
AFFECTIVE QUALITIES ,BR[N REG>DS AS ESS5TIAL = H] VOLUNT>I/IC =M ( 
COMMUNISM3 C>E1 CONC]N1 & %>+4 ,LACK+ ! RI* >TICULATION ( 
SOCIAL RELATION%IPS 9 :I* PEOPLE >E EMB$D$ FROM BIR? ?R\< 
MATURITY TO OLD AGE1 A 'COLLECTION ( 9DIVIDUALS' SU* AS ,BR[N POSITS 
W\LD BE1 TO PUT IT BLUNTLY1 NOT A SOCIETY AT ALL4 ,IT W\LD BE LIT]ALLY A 
'COLLECTION' 9 ,?AT*]'S S5SE ( FREE-BOOT+1 SELF-SEEK+1 EGOI/IC 
MONADS4 ,PRESUMABLY COMPLETE UNTO !MSELVES1 !Y >E1 BY DIALECTICAL 
9V]SION1 IMM5SELY DE-9DIVIDUAT$ = WANT ( ANY AIM BEYOND ! 
SATISFACTION ( !IR [N NE$S & PLEASURES -- :I* >E (T5 SOCIALLY 
5G9E]$ TODAY 9 ANY CASE4 

,ACKN[L$G+ ?AT 9DIVIDUALS >E SELF-MOTIVAT$ & POSSESS FREE WILL DOES 
NOT REQUIRE US TO REJECT COLLECTIVISM1 GIV5 ?AT !Y >E ALSO CAPABLE ( 
DEVELOP+ AN AW>5ESS ( ! SOCIAL CONDITIONS UND] :I* !SE EM95TLY 
HUMAN POT5TIALITIES >E EX]CIS$4 ,! ATTA9M5T ( FRE$OM RE/S P>TLY 
ON BIOLOGICAL FACTS1 AS ANYONE :O HAS RAIS$ A *ILD KN[S2 P>TLY1 ON 
SOCIAL FACTS1 AS ANYONE :O LIVES 9 A COMMUNITY KN[S2 & CONTR>Y TO 
SOCIAL CON/RUCTIONI/S1 P>TLY ON ! 9T]ACTION ( 5VIRONM5T & 9BORN 
P]SONAL PROCLIVITIES1 AS ANY ?9K+ P]SON KN[S4 ,9DIVIDUALITY DID NOT 
SPR+ 9TO BE+ AB NOVO4 ,LIKE ! IDEA ( FRE$OM1 IT HAS A LONG SOCIAL 
& PSY*OLOGICAL HI/ORY4 

,LEFT TO HIS OR H] [N SELF1 ! 9DIVIDUAL LOSES ! 9DISP5SABLE SOCIAL 
MOOR+S ?AT MAKE = :AT AN AN>*I/ MI<T BE EXPECT$ TO PRIZE 9 
9DIVIDUALITY3 REFLECTIVE P[]S1 :I* D]IVE 9 GREAT P>T FROM DISC\RSE2 
! EMOTIONAL EQUIPM5T ?AT N\RI%ES RAGE AGA9/ UNFRE$OM2 ! SOCIALITY 
?AT MOTIVATES ! DESIRE = RADICAL *ANGE2 & ! S5SE ( 
RESPONSIBILITY ?AT 5G5D]S SOCIAL ACTION4 

,9DE$1 ,BR[N'S !SIS HAS DI/URB+ IMPLICATIONS = SOCIAL ACTION4 ,IF 
9DIVIDUAL 'AUTONOMY' OV]RIDES ANY COMMITM5T TO A 'COLLECTIVITY1' !RE IS 
NO BASIS :ATEV] = SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONALIZATION1 DECISION-MAK+1 OR EV5 
ADM9I/RATIVE COORD9ATION4 ,EA* 9DIVIDUAL1 SELF-CONTA9$ 9 HIS OR H] 
'AUTONOMY1' IS FREE TO DO :ATEV] HE OR %E WANTS -- PRESUMABLY1 FOLL[+ 
! OLD LIB]AL =MULA1 IF IT DOES NOT IMP$E ! 'AUTONOMY' ( O!RS4 
,EV5 DEMOCRATIC DECISION-MAK+ IS JETTISON$ AS AU?ORIT>IAN4 ',DEMOCRATIC 
RULE IS /ILL RULE1' ,BR[N W>NS4 ',:ILE IT ALL[S = MORE 9DIVIDUAL 
P>TICIPATION 9 GOV]NM5T ?AN MON>*Y OR TOTALIT>IAN DICTATOR%IP1 IT 
/ILL 9H]5TLY 9VOLVES ! REPRESSION ( ! WILLS ( SOME PEOPLE4 ,?IS 
IS OBVI\SLY AT ODDS ) ! EXI/5TIAL 9DIVIDUAL1 :O MU/ MA9TA9 ! 
9TEGRITY ( WILL 9 ORD] TO BE EXI/5TIALLY FREE' 7,P,O,I1 P4 #e#c74 ,9DE$1 
SO TRANSC5D5TALLY SACROSANCT IS ! AUTONOM\S 9DIVIDUAL WILL1 9 ,BR[N'S 
EYES1 ?AT %E APPROV+LY QUOTES ,PET] ,M>%ALL'S CLAIM ?AT1 ACCORD+ TO 
AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES1 '! MAJORITY HAS NO MORE RI<T TO DICTATE TO ! 
M9ORITY1 EV5 A M9ORITY ( ONE1 ?AN ! M9ORITY TO ! MAJORITY' 7,P,O,I1 
P4 #a#d1 EMPHASIS ADD$74 

,D5IGRAT+ RATIONAL1 DISCURSIVE1 & DIRECT-DEMOCRATIC PROC$URES = 
COLLECTIVE DECISION-MAK+ AS 'DICTAT+' & 'RUL+' AW>DS A M9ORITY ( 
ONE SOV]EIGN EGO ! RI<T TO ABORT ! DECISION ( A MAJORITY4 ,BUT ! 
FACT REMA9S ?AT A FREE SOCIETY WILL EI!R BE DEMOCRATIC1 OR IT WILL NOT 
BE A*IEV$ AT ALL4 ,9 ! V]Y EXI/5TIAL SITUATION1 IF Y\ PLEASE1 ( AN 
AN>*I/ SOCIETY -- A DIRECT LIB]T>IAN DEMOCRACY -- DECISIONS W\LD MO/ 
C]TA9LY BE MADE FOLL[+ OP5 DISCUSSION4 ,!REAFT] ! \TVOT$ 
M9ORITY -- EV5 A M9ORITY ( ONE -- W\LD HAVE EV]Y OPPORTUNITY TO 
PRES5T C\NT]VAIL+ >GUM5TS TO TRY TO *ANGE ?AT DECISION4 
,DECISION-MAK+ BY CONS5SUS1 ON ! O!R H&1 PRECLUDES ONGO+ DISS5SUS 
-- ! ALL-IMPORTANT PROCESS ( CONT9UAL DIALOGUE1 DISAGREEM5T1 *ALL5GE1 
& C\NT]'*ALL5GE1 )\T :I* SOCIAL AS WELL AS 9DIVIDUAL CREATIVITY 
W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE4 

,IF ANY?+1 FUNCTION+ ON ! BASIS ( CONS5SUS ASSURES ?AT IMPORTANT 
DECISION-MAK+ WILL BE EI!R MANIPULAT$ BY A M9ORITY OR COLLAPSE 
COMPLETELY4 ,& ! DECISIONS ?AT >E MADE WILL EMBODY ! L[E/ COMMON 
D5OM9ATOR ( VIEWS & CON/ITUTE ! LEA/ CREATIVE LEVEL ( AGREEM5T4 ,I 
SPEAK1 H]E1 FROM PA9FUL1 YE>S-LONG EXP]I5CE ) ! USE ( CONS5SUS 
9 ! ,CLAM%ELL ,ALLIANCE ( ! #a#i#gS4 ,JU/ AT ! MOM5T :5 ?IS 
QUASI-AN>*IC ANT9UCLE>-P[] MOVEM5T WAS AT ! PEAK ( ITS /RUGGLE1 
) ?\S&S ( ACTIVI/S1 IT WAS DE/ROY$ ?R\< ! MANIPULATION ( 
! CONS5SUS PROCESS BY A M9ORITY4 ,! 'TYRANNY ( /RUCTURELESSNESS' ?AT 
CONS5SUS DECISION-MAK+ PRODUC$ P]MITT$ A WELL-ORGANIZ$ FEW TO CONTROL 
! UNWIELDY1 DE9/ITUTIONALIZ$1 & L>GELY DISORGANIZ$ MANY )9 ! 
MOVEM5T4 

,NOR1 AMID ! HUE & CRY = CONS5SUS1 WAS IT POSSIBLE = DISS5SUS TO 
EXI/ & CREATIVELY /IMULATE DISCUSSION1 FO/]+ A CREATIVE DEVELOPM5T 
( IDEAS ?AT C\LD YIELD NEW & EV]-EXP&+ P]SPECTIVES4 ,9 ANY 
COMMUNITY1 DISS5SUS -- & DISSID5T 9DIVIDUALS -- PREV5T ! COMMUNITY 
FROM /AGNAT+4 ,PEJORATIVE WORDS LIKE DICTATE & RULE PROP]LY REF] TO 
! SIL5C+ ( DISS5T]S1 NOT TO ! EX]CISE ( DEMOCRACY2 IRONICALLY1 
IT IS ! CONS5SUAL 'G5]AL WILL' ?AT C\LD WELL1 9 ,R\SSEAU'S MEMORABLE 
PHRASE FROM ! ,SOCIAL ,CONTRACT1 '=CE M5 TO BE FREE4' 

,F> FROM BE+ EXI/5TIAL 9 ANY E>?Y S5SE ( ! WORD1 ,BR[N'S 
'EXI/5TIAL 9DIVIDUALISM' DEALS ) ! 9DIVIDUAL AHI/ORICALLY4 ,%E 
R>EFIES ! 9DIVIDUAL AS A TRANSC5D5TAL CATEGORY1 MU* AS1 9 ! #a#i#gS1 
,ROB]T ,K4 ,WOLFF P>AD$ ,KANTIAN CONCEPTS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 HIS DUBI\S 
,DEF5SE ( ,AN>*ISM4 ,! SOCIAL FACTORS ?AT 9T]ACT ) ! 9DIVIDUAL 
TO MAKE HIM OR H] A TRULY WILLFUL & CREATIVE BE+ >E SUBSUM$ UND] 
TRANSC5D5TAL MORAL AB/RACTIONS ?AT1 GIV5 A PURELY 9TELLECTUAL LIFE ( 
!IR [N1 'EXI/' \TSIDE ( HI/ORY & PRAXIS4 

,ALT]NAT+ BETWE5 MORAL TRANSC5D5TALISM & SIMPLI/IC POSITIVISM 9 H] 
APPROA* TO ! 9DIVIDUAL'S RELATION%IP ) ! COLLECTIVE1 ,BR[N'S 
EXPOSITION FITS TOGE!R AS CLUMSILY AS CREATIONISM ) EVOLUTION4 ,! RI* 
DIALECTIC & ! AMPLE HI/ORY ?AT %[S H[ ! 9DIVIDUAL WAS L>GELY 
=M$ BY & 9T]ACT$ ) A SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T IS NE>LY ABS5T FROM H] 
WORK4 ,ATOMI/IC & N>R[LY ANALYTIC 9 MANY ( H] VIEWS1 YET AB/RACTLY 
MORAL & EV5 TRANSC5D5TAL 9 H] 9T]PRETATIONS1 ,BR[N PROVIDES AN 
EXCELL5T SETT+ = A NOTION ( AUTONOMY ?AT IS ANTIPODAL TO SOCIAL 
FRE$OM4 ,) ! 'EXI/5TIAL 9DIVIDUAL' ON ONE SIDE1 & A SOCIETY ?AT 
CONSI/S ( A 'COLLECTION ( 9DIVIDUALS' & NO?+ MORE ON ! O!R1 ! 
*ASM BETWE5 AUTONOMY & FRE$OM BECOMES UNBRIDGEABLE4 

,AN>*ISM AS ,*AOS 

,:ATEV] ,BR[N'S [N PREF]5CES MAY BE1 H] BOOK BO? REFLECTS & PROVIDES 
! PREMISES = ! %IFT AMONG ,EURO-,AM]ICAN AN>*I/S AWAY FROM SOCIAL 
AN>*ISM & T[>D 9DIVIDUALI/ OR LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM4 ,9DE$1 LIFE/YLE 
AN>*ISM TODAY IS F9D+ ITS PR9CIPAL EXPRESSION 9 SPRAY-CAN GRAFFITI1 
PO/-MOD]NI/ NIHILISM1 ANTIRATIONALISM1 NEOPRIMITIVISM1 ANTI-TE*NOLOGISM1 
NEO-,SITUATIONI/ 'CULTURAL T]RORISM1' MY/ICISM1 & A 'PRACTICE' ( 
/AG+ ,F\CAULDIAN 'P]SONAL 9SURRECTIONS4' 

,!SE TR5DY PO/UR+S1 NE>LY ALL ( :I* FOLL[ CURR5T YUPPIE FA%IONS1 
>E 9DIVIDUALI/IC 9 ! IMPORTANT S5SE ?AT !Y >E ANTI!TICAL TO ! 
DEVELOPM5T ( S]I\S ORGANIZATIONS1 A RADICAL POLITICS1 A COMMITT$ SOCIAL 
MOVEM5T1 !ORETICAL COH]5CE1 & PROGRAMMATIC RELEVANCE4 ,MORE ORI5T$ 
T[>D A*IEV+ ONE'S [N 'SELF-REALIZATION' ?AN A*IEV+ BASIC SOCIAL 
*ANGE1 ?IS TR5D AMONG LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S IS P>TICUL>LY NOXI\S 9 
?AT ITS 'TURN+ 9W>D1' AS ,KAT9KA ,MATSON CALL$ IT1 CLAIMS TO BE A 
POLITICS -- ALBEIT ONE ?AT RESEMBLES ,R4 ,D4 ,LA+'S 'POLITICS ( 
EXP]I5CE4' ,! BLACK FLAG1 :I* REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL AN>*I/S RAIS$ 9 
9SURRECTION>Y /RUGGLES 9 ,UKRA9E & ,SPA91 N[ BECOMES A FA%IONABLE 
S>ONG = ! DELECTATION ( *IC PETTY B\RGEOIS4 

,ONE ( ! MO/ UNSAVORY EXAMPLES ( LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM IS ,HAKIM ,BEY'S 7A4K4A4 
,PET] ,LAMBORN ,WILSON'S7 ,T4,A4,Z43 ,! ,TEMPOR>Y ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONE1 ,ONTOLOGICAL 
,AN>*ISM1 ,POETIC ,T]RORISM1 A JEWEL 9 ! ,NEW ,AUTONOMY ,S]IES 7NO 
ACCID5TAL WORD *OICE H]E71 PUBLI%$ BY ! HEAVILY PO/MOD]NI/ 
,SEMIOTEXT7E7_/,AUTONO'M$IA GR\P 9 ,BROOKLYN4.<#h.> ,AMID PEANS TO ',*AOS1' 
',AM\R ,F\1' ',WILD ,*ILDR51' ',PAGANISM1' ',>T ,SABOTAGE1' ',PIRATE ,UTOPIAS1' 
',BLACK ,MAGIC AS ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ACTION1' ',CRIME1' & ',SORC]Y1' NOT TO SPEAK 
( COMM5DATIONS ( ',M>XISM-,/IRN]ISM1' ! CALL = AUTONOMY IS TAK5 TO 
L5G?S SO ABSURD AS TO SEEM+LY P>ODY A SELF-ABSORB$ & SELF-ABSORB+ 
IDEOLOGY4 

,T4,A4,Z4 PRES5TS ITSELF AS A /ATE ( M9D1 AN >D5TLY ANTIRATIONAL & 
ANTICIVILIZATIONAL MOOD1 9 :I* DISORGANIZATION IS CONCEIV$ AS AN >T 
=M & GRAFFITI SUPPLANTS PROGRAMS4 ,! ,BEY 7HIS PSEUDONYM IS ! ,TURKI% 
WORD = '*IEF' OR 'PR9CE'7 M9CES NO WORDS AB\T HIS DISDA9 = SOCIAL 
REVOLUTION3 ',:Y BO!R TO CONFRONT A 'P[]' :I* HAS LO/ ALL MEAN+ & 
BECOME %E] ,SIMULATION8 ,SU* CONFRONTATIONS WILL ONLY RESULT 9 DANG]\S 
& UGLY SPASMS ( VIOL5CE' 7,T,A,Z1 P4 #a#b#h74 ,P[] 9 QUOTATION M>KS8 ,A M]E 
',SIMULATION'8 ,IF :AT IS HAPP5+ 9 ,BOSNIA ) FIREP[] IS A M]E 
'SIMULATION1' WE >E LIV+ 9 A V]Y SAFE & COM=TABLE WORLD 9DE$6 ,! 
READ] UNEASY AB\T ! /EADILY MULTIPLY+ SOCIAL PA?OLOGIES ( MOD]N 
LIFE MAY BE COM=T$ BY ! ,BEY'S ,OLYMPIAN ?\<T ?AT 'REALISM DEM&S 
NOT ONLY ?AT WE GIVE UP WAIT+ = '! ,REVOLUTION1' BUT ALSO ?AT WE GIVE 
UP WANT+ IT' 7,T,A,Z1 P4 #a#a74 ,DOES ?IS PASSAGE BECKON US TO 5JOY ! 
S]5ITY ( ,NIRVANA8 ,OR A NEW ,BAUDRILL>DIAN ',SIMULATION'8 ,OR P]HAPS A NEW 
,CA/ORIADIAN 'IMAG9>Y'8 

,HAV+ ELIM9AT$ ! CLASSICAL REVOLUTION>Y AIM ( TRANS=M+ SOCIETY1 
! ,BEY PATRONIZ+LY MOCKS ?OSE :O ONCE RISK$ ALL = IT3 ',! DEMOCRAT1 
! SOCIALI/1 ! RATIONAL IDEOLOGY 4 4 4 >E DEAF TO ! MUSIC @& LACK ALL 
S5SE ( RHY?M' 7,T,A,Z1 P4 #f#f74 ,REALLY8 ,HAVE ! ,BEY & HIS ACOLYTES 
!MSELVES MA/]$ ! V]SES & MUSIC ( ! ,M>SEILLAISE & DANC$ 
EC/ATICALLY TO ! RHY?MS ( ,GLI]E'S ,RUSSIAN ,SAILOR'S ,DANCE8 ,!RE IS A 
WE>ISOME >ROGANCE 9 ! ,BEY'S DISMISSAL ( ! RI* CULTURE ?AT WAS 
CREAT$ BY REVOLUTION>IES OV] ! PA/ C5TURIES1 9DE$ BY ORD9>Y 
WORK+ PEOPLE 9 ! PRE-ROCK-'N'-ROLL1 PRE-,WOOD/OCK ]A4 

,V]ILY1 LET ANYONE :O 5T]S ! DREAMWORLD ( ! ,BEY GIVE UP ALL NONS5SE 
AB\T SOCIAL COMMITM5T4 ',A DEMOCRATIC DREAM8 A SOCIALI/ DREAM8 
,IMPOSSIBLE1' 9TONES ! ,BEY ) OV]BE>+ C]TA9TY4 ',9 DREAM WE >E 
NEV] RUL$ EXCEPT BY LOVE OR SORC]Y' 7,T,A,Z1 P4 #f#d74 ,?US >E ! DREAMS ( 
A NEW WORLD EVOK$ BY C5TURIES ( IDEALI/S 9 GREAT REVOLUTIONS 
MAGI/]IALLY R$UC$ BY ! ,BEY TO ! WISDOM ( HIS FEBRILE DREAM WORLD4 

,AS TO AN AN>*ISM ?AT IS 'ALL COBWEBBY ) ,E?ICAL ,HUMANISM1 ,FREE 
,?\<T1 ,MUSCUL> ,A!ISM1 @& CRUDE ,FUNDAM5TALI/ ,C>TESIAN ,LOGIC' 7,T,A,Z1 P4 
#e#b7 -- =GET IT6 ,NOT ONLY DOES ! ,BEY1 ) ONE FELL SWOOP1 DISPOSE ( ! 
,5LI<T5M5T TRADITION 9 :I* AN>*ISM1 SOCIALISM1 & ! REVOLUTION>Y 
MOVEM5T W]E ONCE ROOT$1 HE MIXES APPLES LIKE ',FUNDAM5TALI/ ,C>TESIAN 
,LOGIC' ) ORANGES LIKE ',FREE ,?\<T1' & ',MUSCUL> ,HUMANISM' AS ?\< 
!Y W]E 9T]*ANGEABLE OR NECESS>ILY PRESUPPOSE EA* O!R4 

,AL?\< ! ,BEY HIMSELF NEV] HESITATES TO ISSUE ,OLYMPIAN PRON\NCEM5TS 
& DELIV] PETULANT POLEMICS1 HE HAS NO PATI5CE ) '! SQUABBL+ 
IDEOLOGUES ( AN>*ISM @& LIB]T>IANISM' 7,T,A,Z1 P4 #d#f74 ,PROCLAIM+ ?AT 
',AN>*Y KN[S NO DOGMAS' 7,T,A,Z1 P4 #e#b71 ! ,BEY NONE!LESS IMM]SES HIS 
READ]S 9 A H>% DOGMA IF !RE EV] WAS ONE3 ',AN>*ISM ULTIMATELY 
IMPLIES AN>*Y -- @& AN>*Y IS *AOS' 7,T,A,Z1 P4 #f#d74 ,SO SAI? ! ,LORD3 ',I 
,AM ,?AT ,I ,AM' -- & ,MOSES QUAK$ BE=E ! PRON\NCEM5T6 

,9DE$1 9 A FIT ( MANIC N>CISSISM1 ! ,BEY ORDA9S ?AT IT IS ! 
ALL-POSSESSIVE SELF1 ! T[]+ ',I1' ! ,BIG 'ME' ?AT IS SOV]EIGN3 'EA* 
( US .<IS.> ! RUL] ( \R [N FLE%1 \R [N CREATIONS -- & AS MU* ( 
EV]Y?+ ELSE AS WE CAN GRAB @& HOLD4' ,= ! ,BEY1 AN>*I/S & K+S -- 
& BEYS -- BECOME 9DI/+UI%ABLE1 9ASMU* AS ALL >E AUT>*S3 

,\R ACTIONS >E JU/IFI$ BY FIAT @& \R RELATIONS >E %AP$ BY TREATIES 
) O!R AUT>*S4 ,WE MAKE ! LAW = \R [N DOMA9S -- @& ! *A9S ( 
LAW HAVE BE5 BROK54 ,AT PRES5T P]HAPS WE SURVIVE AS M]E ,PRET5D]S -- 
BUT EV5 SO WE MAY SEIZE A FEW 9/ANTS1 A FEW SQU>E FEET ( REALITY OV] 
:I* TO IMPOSE \R ABSOLUTE WILL1 \R ROYAUME4 ,L'ETAT1 C'E/ MOI4 4 4 4 ,IF 
WE >E B\ND BY ANY E?ICS OR MORALITY1 IT MU/ BE ONE :I* WE \RSELVES 
HAVE IMAG9$4 7,T,A,Z1 P4 #f#g7 

,L',ETAT1 C'E/ MOI8 ,ALONG ) BEYS1 ,I CAN ?9K ( AT LEA/ TWO PEOPLE 9 
?IS C5TURY :O DID 5JOY !SE SWEEP+ PR]OGATIVES3 ,JOSEPH ,/AL9 & 
,ADOLF ,HITL]4 ,MO/ ( ! RE/ ( US MORTALS1 RI* & POOR ALIKE1 %>E1 AS 
,ANATOLE ,FRANCE ONCE PUT IT1 ! PROHIBITION TO SLEEP UND] ! BRIDGES ( 
! ,SE9E4 ,9DE$1 IF ,FRI$RI* ,5GELS'S ',ON ,AU?ORITY1' ) ITS DEF5SE ( 
HI]>*Y1 REPRES5TS A B\RGEOIS =M ( SOCIALISM1 ,T4,A4,Z4 & ITS 
(F%OOTS REPRES5T A B\RGEOIS =M ( AN>*ISM4 ',!RE IS NO BECOM+1' 
! ,BEY TELLS US1 'NO REVOLUTION1 NO /RUGGLE1 NO PA?2 .<IF.> ALREADY Y\'RE 
! MON>* ( Y\R [N SK9 -- Y\R 9VIOLABLE FRE$OM AWAITS TO BE 
COMPLET$ ONLY BY ! LOVE ( O!R MON>*S3 A POLITICS ( DREAM1 URG5T AS 
! BLU5ESS ( SKY' -- WORDS ?AT C\LD BE 9SCRIB$ ON ! ,NEW ,YORK ,/OCK 
,EX*ANGE AS A CR$O = EGOTISM & SOCIAL 9DIFF]5CE 7,T,A,Z1 P4 #d74 

,C]TA9LY1 ?IS VIEW WILL NOT REPEL ! B\TIQUES ( CAPITALI/ 'CULTURE' 
ANY MORE ?AN LONG HAIR1 BE>DS1 & JEANS HAVE REPELL$ ! 5TREPR5EURIAL 
WORLD ( HAUTE FA%ION4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 F> TOO MANY PEOPLE 9 ?IS WORLD -- 
NO 'SIMULATIONS' OR 'DREAMS' -- DO NOT [N EV5 !IR [N SK9S1 AS 
PRISON]S 9 *A9 GANGS & JAILS CAN ATTE/ 9 ! MO/ CONCRETE ( T]MS4 
,NO ONE HAS EV] FLOAT$ \T ( ! E>?LY REALM ( MIS]Y ON 'A POLITICS ( 
DREAMS' EXCEPT ! PRIVILEG$ PETTY B\RGEOIS1 :O MAY F9D ! ,BEY'S 
MANIFE/OS AM5ABLE P>TICUL>LY 9 MOM5TS ( BOR$OM4 

,= ! ,BEY1 9 FACT1 EV5 CLASSICAL REVOLUTION>Y 9SURRECTIONS (F] 
LITTLE MORE ?AN A P]SONAL HI<1 R$OL5T ( ,F\CAULT'S 'LIMIT 
EXP]I5CES4' ',AN UPRIS+ IS LIKE A 'PEAK EXP]I5CE1'' HE ASSURES US 7,T,A,Z1 
P4 #a74 ,HI/ORICALLY1 'SOME AN>*I/S 4 4 TOOK P>T 9 ALL SORTS ( 
UPRIS+S & REVOLUTIONS1 EV5 COMMUNI/ @& SOCIALI/ ONES1' BUT ?AT WAS 
'BECAUSE !Y F\ND 9 ! MOM5T ( 9SURRECTION ITSELF ! K9D ( FRE$OM 
!Y S\<T4 ,?US :ILE UTOPIANISM HAS SO F> ALWAYS FAIL$1 ! 
9DIVIDUALI/ OR EXI/5TIALI/ AN>*I/S HAVE SUCCE$$ 9ASMU* AS !Y 
HAVE ATTA9$ 7H[EV] BRIEFLY7 ! REALIZATION ( !IR WILL TO P[] 9 
W>' 7,T,A,Z1 P4 #h#h74 ,! ,AU/RIAN WORK]S' UPRIS+ ( ,FEBRU>Y #aicd & ! 
,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> ( #a#i#c#f1 ,I CAN ATTE/1 W]E MORE ?AN ORGIA/IC 'MOM5TS 
( 9SURRECTION' BUT W]E BITT] /RUGGLES C>RI$ ON ) DESP]ATE 
E>NE/NESS & MAGNIFIC5T 'LAN1 ALL ES!TIC EPIPHANIES NOT)/&+4 

,9SURRECTION NONE!LESS BECOMES = ! ,BEY LITTLE MORE ?AN A PSY*$ELIC 
'TRIP1' :ILE ! ,NIETZS*EAN ,OV]MAN1 ( :OM ! ,BEY APPROVES1 IS A 'FREE 
SPIRIT' :O W\LD 'DISDA9 WA/+ TIME ON AGITATION = RE=M1 ON PROTE/1 
ON VISION>Y DREAMS1 ON ALL K9DS ( 'REVOLUTION>Y M>TYRDOM4' ,PRESUMABLY 
DREAMS >E OKAY AS LONG AS !Y >E NOT 'VISION>Y' 7READ3 SOCIALLY 
COMMITT$72 RA!R1 ! ,BEY W\LD 'DR9K W9E' & HAVE A 'PRIVATE EPIPHANY' 
7,T,A,Z1 P4 #h#h71 :I* SUGGE/S LITTLE MORE ?AN M5TAL MA/URBATION1 FRE$ TO 
BE SURE FROM ! CON/RA9TS ( ,C>TESIAN LOGIC4 

,IT %\LD NOT SURPRISE US TO LE>N ?AT ! ,BEY FAVORS ! IDEAS ( ,MAX 
,/IRN]1 :O 'COMMITS NO METAPHYSICS1 YET BE/[S ON ! ,UNIQUE .<I4E1 ! 
,EGO.> A C]TA9 ABSOLUT5ESS' 7,T,A,Z1 P4 #f#h74 ,TO BE SURE1 ! ,BEY F9DS ?AT 
!RE IS A 'MISS+ +R$I5T 9 ,/IRN]'3 'A WORK+ CONCEPT ( 
NONORD9>Y CONSCI\SNESS' 7,T,A,Z1 P4 #f#h74 ,APP>5TLY ,/IRN] IS TOO MU* ! 
RATIONALI/ = ! ,BEY4 ',! ORI5T1 ! OCCULT1 ! TRIBAL CULTURES 
POSSESS TE*NIQUES :I* CAN BE 'APPROPRIAT$' 9 TRUE AN>*I/ FA%ION4 4 
4 4 ,WE NE$ A PRACTICAL K9D ( 'MY/ICAL AN>*ISM' 4 4 4 A DEMOCRATIZATION 
( %AMANISM1 9TOXICAT$ @& S]5E' 7,T,A,Z1 P4 #f#c74 ,H5CE ! ,BEY SUMMONS HIS 
DISCIPLES TO BECOME 'SORC]]S' & SUGGE/S ?AT !Y USE ! ',BLACK ,MALAY 
,J9NI ,CURSE4' 

,:AT1 F9ALLY1 IS A 'TEMPOR>Y AUTONOM\S ZONE'8 ',! ,T,A,Z IS LIKE AN 
UPRIS+ :I* DOES NOT 5GAGE DIRECTLY ) ! ,/ATE1 A GU]RILLA 
OP]ATION :I* LIB]ATES AN >EA 7( L&1 ( TIME1 ( IMAG9ATION7 & 
!N DISSOLVES ITSELF1 TO RE-=M ELSE:]E_/ELSE:51 BE=E ! ,/ATE CAN 
CRU% IT' 7,T,A,Z1 P4 #a#a74 ,9 A ,T,A,Z WE CAN 'REALIZE MANY ( \R TRUE ,DESIRES1 
EV5 IF ONLY = A SEASON1 A BRIEF ,PIRATE ,UTOPIA1 A W>P$ FREE-ZONE 9 ! 
OLD ,SPACE_/,TIME CONT9UUM7' 7,T,A,Z1 P4 #f#b74 ',POT5TIAL ,T,A,ZS' 9CLUDE '! 
SIXTIES-/YLE 'TRIBAL GA!R+1' ! =E/ CONCLAVE ( ECO-SABOTEURS1 ! 
IDYLLIC ,BELTANE ( ! NEOPAGANS1 AN>*I/ CONF]5CES1 & GAY FA]IE 
CIRCLES1' NOT TO SPEAK ( 'NI<TCLUBS1 BANQUETS1' & 'OLD-TIME LIB]T>IAN 
PICNICS' -- NO LESS6 7,T,A,Z1 P4 #a74 ,HAV+ BE5 A MEMB] ( ! ,LIB]T>IAN 
,LEAGUE 9 ! #a#i#fS1 ,I W\LD LOVE TO SEE ! ,BEY & HIS DISCIPLES SURFACE 
AT AN 'OLD-TIME LIB]T>IAN PICNIC'6 

,SO TRANSI5T1 SO EVANESC5T1 SO 9EFFABLE IS A ,T,A,Z 9 CONTRA/ TO ! 
=MIDABLY /ABLE ,/ATE & B\RGEOISIE ?AT 'AS SOON AS ! ,T,A,Z IS NAM$ 4 
4 4 IT MU/ VANI%1 IT WILL VANI% 4 4 4 ONLY TO SPR+ UP AGA9 SOME:]E 
ELSE' 7,T,A,Z1 P4 #a#a74 ,A ,T,A,Z1 9 EFFECT1 IS NOT A REVOLT BUT PRECISELY A 
SIMULATION1 AN 9SURRECTION AS LIV$ 9 ! IMAG9ATION ( A JUV5ILE BRA91 
A SAFE RETREAT 9TO UNREALITY4 ,9DE$1 DECLAIMS ! ,BEY3 ',WE RECOMM5D .<! 
,T,A,Z.> BECAUSE IT CAN PROVIDE ! QUALITY ( 5HANCEM5T )\T NECESS>ILY 
.<6.> LEAD+ TO VIOL5CE @& M>TYRDOM' 7,T,A,Z1 P4 #a#a74 ,MORE PRECISELY1 LIKE AN 
,&Y ,W>HOL 'HAPP5+1' A ,T,A,Z IS A PASS+ EV5T1 A MOM5T>Y ORGASM1 A 
FLEET+ EXPRESSION ( ! 'WILL TO P[]' ?AT IS1 9 FACT1 CONSPICU\SLY 
P[]LESS 9 ITS CAPACITY TO LEAVE ANY IMPR9T ON ! 9DIVIDUAL'S 
P]SONALITY1 SUBJECTIVITY1 & EV5 SELF-=MATION1 /ILL LESS ON %AP+ 
EV5TS & REALITY4 

,GIV5 ! EVANESC5T QUALITY ( A ,T,A,Z1 ! ,BEY'S DISCIPLES CAN 5JOY ! 
FLEET+ PRIVILEGE ( LIV+ A 'NOMADIC EXI/5CE1' = 'HOMELESSNESS CAN 9 
A S5SE BE A VIRTUE1 AN ADV5TURE' 7,T,A,Z1 P4 #a#c74 ,ALAS1 HOMELESSNESS CAN BE 
AN 'ADV5TURE' :5 ONE HAS A COM=TABLE HOME TO RETURN TO1 :ILE NOMADISM 
IS ! DI/9CT LUXURY ( ?OSE :O CAN AF=D TO LIVE )\T E>N+ !IR 
LIVELIHOOD4 ,MO/ ( ! 'NOMADIC' HOBOS ,I RECALL SO VIVIDLY FROM ! 
,GREAT,DEPRESSION ]A SUFF]$ DESP]ATE LIVES ( HUNG]1 DISEASE1 & 
9DIGNITY & USUALLY DI$ PREMATURELY -- AS !Y /ILL DO1 TODAY1 9 ! 
/REETS ( URBAN ,AM]ICA4 ,! FEW GYPSY-TYPES :O SEEM$ TO 5JOY ! 'LIFE 
( ! ROAD' W]E IDIOSYNCRATIC AT BE/ & TRAGICALLY NEUROTIC AT WOR/4 
,NOR CAN ,I IGNORE ANO!R '9SURRECTION' ?AT ! ,BEY ADVANCES3 NOTABLY1 
'VOLUNT>Y ILLIT]ACY' 7,T,A,Z1 P4 #a#b#i74 ,AL?\< HE ADVANCES ?IS AS A REVOLT 
AGA9/ ! $UCATIONAL SY/EM1 ITS MORE DESIRABLE EFFECT MI<T BE TO R5D] 
! ,BEY'S V>I\S EX CA!DRA 9JUNCTIONS 9ACCESSIBLE TO HIS READ]S4 

,P]HAPS NO BETT] DESCRIPTION CAN BE GIV5 ( ,T4,A4,Z4'S MESSAGE ?AN ! ONE 
?AT APPE>$ 9 ,:OLE ,E>? ,REVIEW1 :OSE REVIEW] EMPHASIZES ?AT ! 
,BEY'S PAMPHLET IS 'QUICKLY BECOM.<+.> ! C\NT]CULTURAL BIBLE ( ! #a#i#iS 
4 4 4 ,:ILE MANY ( ,BEY'S CONCEPTS %>E AN AFF9ITY ) ! DOCTR9ES ( 
AN>*ISM1' ! ,REVIEW REASSURES ITS YUPPIE CLI5TELE ?AT HE PO9T$LY DEP>TS FROM ! USUAL RHETORIC AB\T OV]?R[+ ! GOV]NM5T4 
,9/EAD1 HE PREF]S ! M]CURIAL NATURE ( 'UPRIS+S1' :I* HE BELIEVES 
PROVIDE 'MOM5TS ( 9T5SITY .<?AT CAN.> GIVE %APE & MEAN+ TO ! 
5TIRETY ( LIFE4' ,!SE POCKETS ( FRE$OM1 OR TEMPOR>Y AUTONOM\S ZONES1 
5ABLE ! 9DIVIDUAL TO ELUDE ! S*EMATIC GRIDS ( ,BIG ,GOV]NM5T & TO 
OCCASIONALLY LIVE )9 REALMS :]E HE OR %E CAN BRIEFLY EXP]I5CE TOTAL 
FRE$OM4 7EMPHASIS ADD$7 .<#i.> 

,!RE IS AN UNTRANSLATABLE ,YIDDI% WORD = ALL ( ?IS3 NEBBI*6 ,DUR+ ! 
#a#i#fS1 ! AFF9ITY GR\P ,UP ,AGA9/ ! ,WALL ,MO!RFUCK]S SPREAD SIMIL> 
CONFUSION1 DISORGANIZATION1 & 'CULTURAL T]RORISM1' ONLY TO DISAPPE> FROM 
! POLITICAL SC5E SOON !REAFT]4 ,9DE$1 SOME ( ITS MEMB]S 5T]$ ! 
COMM]CIAL1 PR(ESSIONAL1 & MIDDLE-CLASS WORLD !Y HAD =M]LY PR(ESS$ 
TO DESPISE4 ,NOR IS SU* BEHAVIOR UNIQUELY ,AM]ICAN4 ,AS ONE ,FR5* 'VET]AN' 
( ,MAY-,JUNE #aifh CYNICALLY PUT IT3 ',WE HAD \R FUN 9 '#f#h1 & N[ IT'S TIME 
TO GR[ UP4' ,! SAME DEAD5+ CYCLE1 ) CIRCL$ ,A'S1 WAS REPEAT$ DUR+ 
A HI<LY 9DIVIDUALI/IC Y\? REVOLT 9 ,ZURI* 9 #a#i#h#d1 ONLY TO 5D 9 ! 
CREATION ( ,NE$LE ,P>K1 A NOTORI\S COCA9E & CRACK HANG\T E/ABLI%$ 
BY ! CITY'S (FICIALS TO ALL[ ADDICT$ Y\NG PEOPLE TO DE/ROY !MSELVES 
LEGALLY4 

,! B\RGEOISIE HAS NO?+ :ATEV] TO FE> FROM SU* LIFE/YLE 
DECLAMATIONS4 ,) ITS AV]SION = 9/ITUTIONS1 MASS-BAS$ ORGANIZATIONS1 
ITS L>GELY SUBCULTURAL ORI5TATION1 ITS MORAL DECAD5CE1 ITS CELEBRATION ( 
TRANSI5CE1 & ITS REJECTION ( PROGRAMS1 ?IS K9D ( N>CISSI/IC 
AN>*ISM IS SOCIALLY 9NOCU\S1 (T5 M]ELY A SAFETY VALVE = DISCONT5T 
T[>D ! PREVAIL+ SOCIAL ORD]4 ,) ! ,BEY1 LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM TAKES 
FLI<T FROM ALL MEAN+FUL SOCIAL ACTIVISM & A /EADFA/ COMMITM5T TO 
LA/+ & CREATIVE PROJECTS BY DISSOLV+ ITSELF 9TO KICKS1 PO/MOD]NI/ 
NIHILISM1 & A DIZZY+ ,NIETZS*EAN S5SE ( ELITI/ SUP]IORITY4 

,! PRICE ?AT AN>*ISM WILL PAY IF IT P]MITS ?IS SWILL TO DISPLACE ! 
LIB]T>IAN IDEALS ( AN E>LI] P]IOD C\LD BE 5ORM\S4 ,! ,BEY'S 
EGOC5TRIC AN>*ISM1 ) ITS PO/-MOD]NI/ )DRAWAL 9TO 
9DIVIDUALI/IC 'AUTONOMY1' ,F\CAULDIAN 'LIMIT EXP]I5CES1' & 
NEO-,SITUATIONI/ 'EC/ASY1' ?REAT5S TO R5D] ! V]Y WORD AN>*ISM 
POLITICALLY & SOCIALLY H>MLESS -- A M]E FAD = ! TITILLATION ( ! 
PETTY B\RGEOIS ( ALL AGES4 

,MY/ICAL & ,IRRATIONALI/ ,AN>*ISM 

,! ,BEY'S ,T4,A4,Z4 H>DLY /&S ALONE 9 ITS APPEAL TO SORC]Y1 EV5 
MY/ICISM4 ,GIV5 !IR PRELAPS>IAN M5TALITY1 MANY LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S 
READILY TAKE TO ANTIRATIONALISM 9 ITS MO/ ATAVI/IC =MS4 ,CONSID] ',! 
,APPEAL ( ,AN>*Y1' :I* OCCUPIES ! 5TIRE BACK PAGE ( A REC5T ISSUE ( 
,FIF? ,E/ATE 7,SUMM] #a#i#h#i74 ',AN>*Y1' WE READ1 RECOGNIZES '! IMM95CE ( 
TOTAL LIB]ATION .<NO?+ LESS6.> & AS A SIGN ( Y\R FRE$OM1 BE NAK$ 9 
Y\R RITES4' ,5GAGE 9 'DANC+1 S++1 LAU<+1 FEA/+1 PLAY+1' WE 
>E 5JO9$ -- & C\LD ANYONE %ORT ( A MUMMIFI$ PRIG >GUE AGA9/ 
!SE ,RABELAISIAN DELI<TS8 

,BUT UN=TUNATELY1 !RE IS A HIT*4 ,RABELAIS'S ,ABBEY ( ,!LEME1 :I* 
,FIF? ,E/ATE SEEMS TO EMULATE1 WAS REPLETE ) S]VANTS1 COOKS1 GROOMS1 & 
>TISANS1 )\T :OSE H>D LABOR ! SELF-9DULG5T >I/OCRATS ( HIS 
DI/9CTLY UPP]-CLASS UTOPIA W\LD HAVE />V$ & HUDDL$ NAK$ 9 ! 
O!RWISE COLD HALLS ( ! ,ABBEY4 ,TO BE SURE1 ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE'S ',APPEAL ( 
,AN>*Y' MAY WELL HAVE 9 M9D A MAT]IALLY SIMPL] V]SION ( ! ,ABBEY ( 
,!LEME1 & ITS 'FEA/+' MAY REF] MORE TO T(U & RICE ?AN TO /UFF$ 
P>TRIDGES & TA/Y TRUFFLES4 ,BUT /ILL -- )\T MAJOR TE*NOLOGICAL 
ADVANCES TO FREE PEOPLE FROM TOIL1 EV5 TO GET T(U & RICE ON ! TABLE1 
H[ C\LD A SOCIETY BAS$ ON ?IS V]SION ( AN>*Y HOPE TO 'ABOLI% ALL 
AU?ORITY1' '%>E ALL ?+S 9 COMMON1' FEA/1 & RUN NAK$1 DANC+ & 
S++8 

,?IS QUE/ION IS P>TICUL>LY RELEVANT = ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE GR\P4 ,:AT IS 
>RE/+ 9 ! P]IODICAL IS ! PRIMITIVI/IC1 PR]ATIONAL1 
ANTITE*NOLOGICAL1 & ANTICIVILIZATIONAL CULT ?AT LIES AT ! CORE ( ITS 
>TICLES4 ,?US ,FIF? ,E/ATE'S ',APPEAL' 9VITES AN>*I/S TO 'CA/ ! MAGIC 
CIRCLE1 5T] ! TRANCE ( EC/ASY1 REVEL 9 SORC]Y :I* DISPELS ALL 
P[]' -- PRECISELY ! MAGICAL TE*NIQUES ?AT %AMANS 7:O AT LEA/ ONE ( 
ITS WRIT]S CELEBRATES7 9 TRIBAL SOCIETY1 NOT TO SPEAK ( PRIE/S 9 MORE 
DEVELOP$ SOCIETIES1 HAVE US$ = AGES TO ELEVATE !IR /ATUS AS HI]>*S 
& AGA9/ :I* REASON LONG HAD TO BATTLE TO FREE ! HUMAN M9D FROM ITS 
[N SELF-CREAT$ MY/IFICATIONS4 ',DISPEL ALL P[]'8 ,AGA91 !RE IS A T\* 
( ,F\CAULT H]E ?AT AS ALWAYS D5IES ! NE$ = E/ABLI%+ DI/9CTLY 
EMP[]$ SELF-MANAG+ 9/ITUTIONS AGA9/ ! V]Y REAL P[] ( 
CAPITALI/ & HI]>*ICAL 9/ITUTIONS -- 9DE$1 = ! ACTUALIZATION ( 
A SOCIETY 9 :I* DESIRE & EC/ASY CAN F9D G5U9E FULFILLM5T 9 A 
TRULY LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM4 

,FIF? ,E/ATE'S BEGUIL+LY 'EC/ATIC' PEAN TO 'AN>*Y1' SO B]EFT ( 
SOCIAL CONT5T -- ALL ITS RHETORICAL FL\RI%ES ASIDE -- C\LD EASILY APPE> 
AS A PO/] ON ! WALLS ( A *IC B\TIQUE1 OR ON ! BACK ( A GREET+ 
C>D4 ,FRI5DS :O REC5TLY VISIT$ ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY ADVISE ME1 9 FACT1 ?AT A 
RE/AURANT ) L95-COV]$ TABLES1 FAIRLY EXP5SIVE M5US1 & A YUPPIE 
CLI5TELE ON ,/4 ,M>K'S ,PLACE 9 ! ,L[] ,EA/ ,SIDE -- A BATTLEGR\ND ( 
! #a#i#fS -- IS NAM$ ,AN>*Y4 ,?IS FE$LOT = ! CITY'S PETTY B\RGEOISIE 
SPORTS A PR9T ( ! FAM\S ,ITALIAN MURAL ,! ,F\R? ,E/ATE1 :I* %[S 
9SURRECTION>Y F9 DE SI'CLE WORK]S MILITANTLY M>*+ AGA9/ AN 
UNDEPICT$ BOSS OR POSSIBLY A POLICE /ATION4 ,LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM1 IT W\LD 
SEEM1 CAN EASILY BECOME A *OICE CONSUM] DELICACY4 ,! RE/AURANT1 ,I AM 
TOLD1 ALSO HAS SECURITY GU>DS1 PRESUMABLY TO KEEP \T ! LOCAL CANAILLE 
:O FIGURE 9 ! MURAL4 

,SAFE1 PRIVATI/IC1 H$ONI/IC1 & EV5 COZY1 LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM MAY EASILY 
PROVIDE ! READY V]BIAGE TO SPICE UP ! P$E/RIAN B\RGEOIS LIFEWAYS ( 
TIMID ,RABELAISIANS4 ,LIKE ! ',SITUATIONI/ >T' ?AT ,M,I,T DISPLAY$ = ! 
DELECTATION ( ! AVANT-G>DE PETTY B\RGEOISIE SEV]AL YE>S AGO1 IT 
(F]S LITTLE MORE ?AN A T]RIBLY 'WICK$' AN>*I/ IMAGE -- D>E ,I SAY1 A 
SIMULACRUM -- LIKE ?OSE ?AT FL\RI% ALL ALONG ! ,PACIFIC ,RIM ( ,AM]ICA 
& PO9TS EA/'W>D4 ,! ,EC/ASY ,9DU/RY1 = ITS P>T1 IS DO+ ONLY TOO 
WELL UND] CONTEMPOR>Y CAPITALISM & C\LD EASILY ABSORB ! TE*NIQUES ( 
LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S TO 5HANCE A M>KETABLY NAU<TY IMAGE4 ,! 
C\NT]CULTURE ?AT ONCE %OCK$ ! PETTY B\RGEOISIE ) ITS LONG HAIR1 
BE>DS1 DRESS1 SEXUAL FRE$OM1 & >T HAS LONG S9CE BE5 UP/AG$ BY 
B\RGEOIS 5TREPR5EURS :OSE B\TIQUES1 CAF'S1 CLUBS1 & EV5 NUDI/ CAMPS 
>E DO+ A FL\RI%+ 'BUS9ESS1 AS WITNESS ! MANY /EAMY ADV]TISEM5TS 
= NEW 'EC/ASIES' 9 ! ,VILLAGE ,VOICE & SIMIL> P]IODICALS4 

,ACTUALLY1 ,FIF? ,E/ATE'S BLATANTLY ANTIRATIONALI/IC S5TIM5TS HAVE V]Y 
TR\BL+ IMPLICATIONS4 ,ITS VISC]AL CELEBRATION ( IMAG9ATION1 EC/ASY1 
& 'PRIMALITY' PAT5TLY IMPUGNS NOT ONLY RATIONALI/IC EFFICI5CY BUT 
REASON AS SU*4 ,! COV] ( ! ,FALL_/,W9T] #aiic ISSUE BE>S ,FRANCISCO 
,GOYA'S FAM\SLY MISUND]/OOD ,CAPRICCIO NO4 #d#c1 ',IL SU5O DE LA RAZON 
PRODUCE MON/ROS' 7',! SLEEP ( REASON PRODUCES MON/]S'74 ,GOYA'S SLEEP+ 
FIGURE IS %[N SLUMP$ OV] HIS DESK BE=E AN ,APPLE COMPUT]4 ,FIF? 
,E/ATE'S ,5GLI% TRANSLATION ( ,GOYA'S 9SCRIPTION READS1 ',! DREAM ( 
REASON PRODUCES MON/]S1' IMPLY+ ?AT MON/]S >E A PRODUCT ( REASON 
ITSELF4 ,9 PO9T ( FACT1 ,GOYA AV[$LY MEANT1 AS HIS [N NOTES 9DICATE1 
?AT ! MON/]S 9 ! 5GRAV+ >E PRODUC$ BY ! SLEEP1 NOT ! DREAM1 
( REASON4 ,AS HE WROTE 9 HIS [N COMM5T>Y3 ',IMAG9ATION1 DES]T$ BY 
REASON1 BEGETS IMPOSSIBLE MON/]S4 ,UNIT$ ) REASON1 %E IS ! MO!R ( 
ALL >TS1 & ! S\RCE ( !IR WOND]S4'.<#a.> ,BY DEPRECAT+ REASON1 ?IS 
ON-AGA91 (F-AGA9 AN>*I/ P]IODICAL 5T]S 9TO COLLUSION ) SOME ( 
! MO/ DISMAL ASPECTS ( TODAY'S NEO-,HEIDEGG]IAN REACTION4 

,AGA9/ ,TE*NOLOGY & ,CIVILIZATION 

,EV5 MORE TR\BL+ >E ! WRIT+S ( ,GEORGE ,BRAD=D 7A4K4A4 ,DAVID ,WATSON71 
ONE ( ! MAJOR !ORI/S AT ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 ON ! HORRORS ( TE*NOLOGY -- 
APP>5TLY TE*NOLOGY AS SU*4 ,TE*NOLOGY1 IT W\LD SEEM1 DET]M9ES SOCIAL 
RELATIONS RA!R ?AN ! OPPOSITE1 A NOTION ?AT MORE CLOSELY APPROXIMATES 
VULG> ,M>XISM ?AN1 SAY1 SOCIAL ECOLOGY4 ',TE*NOLOGY IS NOT AN ISOLAT$ 
PROJECT1 OR EV5 AN ACCUMULATION ( TE*NICAL KN[L$GE1' ,BRAD=D TELLS US 
9 ',/OPP+ ! ,9DU/RIAL ,HYDRA' 7,S,I,H71 ?AT IS DET]M9$ BY A SOMEH[ SEP>ATE & MORE FUNDAM5TAL SPH]E ( 
'SOCIAL RELATIONS4' ,MASS TE*NICS HAVE BECOME1 9 ! WORDS ( ,LANGDON 
,W9N]1 '/RUCTURES :OSE CONDITIONS ( OP]ATION DEM& ! RE/RUCTUR+ 
( !IR 5VIRONM5TS1' & ?US ( ! V]Y SOCIAL RELATIONS ?AT BR\<T 
!M AB\T4 ,MASS TE*NICS -- A PRODUCT ( E>LI] =MS & >*AIC 
HI]>*IES -- HAVE N[ \TGR[N ! CONDITIONS ?AT 5G5D]$ !M1 TAK+ 
ON AN AUTONOM\S LIFE4 4 4 4 ,!Y FURNI%1 OR HAVE BECOME1 A K9D ( TOTAL 
5VIRONM5T & SOCIAL SY/EM1 BO? 9 !IR G5]AL & 9DIVIDUAL1 
SUBJECTIVE ASPECTS4 4 4 4 ,9 SU* A ME*ANIZ$ PYRAMID 4 4 4 9/RUM5TAL 
& SOCIAL RELATIONS >E ONE & ! SAME4.<#a#a.> 

,?IS FACILE BODY ( NOTIONS COM=TABLY BYPASSES ! CAPITALI/ RELATIONS 
?AT BLATANTLY DET]M9E H[ TE*NOLOGY WILL BE US$ & FOCUSES ON :AT 
TE*NOLOGY IS PRESUM$ TO BE4 ,BY RELEGAT+ SOCIAL RELATIONS TO SOME?+ 
LESS ?AN FUNDAM5TAL -- 9/EAD ( EMPHASIZ+ ! ALL-IMPORTANT PRODUCTIVE 
PROCESS :]E TE*NOLOGY IS US$ -- ,BRAD=D IMP>TS TO MA*9ES & 'MASS 
TE*NICS' A MY/ICAL AUTONOMY ?AT1 LIKE ! ,/AL9I/ HYPO/ASIZATION ( 
TE*NOLOGY1 HAS S]V$ EXTREMELY REACTION>Y 5DS4 ,! IDEA ?AT TE*NOLOGY 
HAS A LIFE ( ITS [N IS DEEPLY ROOT$ 9 ! CONS]VATIVE ,G]MAN 
ROMANTICISM ( ! LA/ C5TURY & 9 ! WRIT+S ( ,M>T9 ,HEIDEGG] & 
,FRI$RI* ,GEORG ,J'NG]1 :I* F$ 9TO ,NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ IDEOLOGY1 H[EV] 
MU* ! ,NAZIS HONOR$ !IR ANTITE*NOLOGICAL IDEOLOGY 9 ! BREA*4 

,VIEW$ 9 T]MS ( ! CONTEMPOR>Y IDEOLOGY ( \R [N TIMES1 ?IS 
IDEOLOGICAL BAGGAGE IS TYPIFI$ BY ! CLAIM1 SO COMMON TODAY1 ?AT NEWLY 
DEVELOP$ AUTOMAT$ MA*9]Y V>I\SLY CO/S PEOPLE !IR JOBS OR 
9T5SIFIES !IR EXPLOITATION -- BO? ( :I* >E 9DUBITABLE FACTS BUT 
>E AN*OR$ PRECISELY 9 SOCIAL RELATIONS ( CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION1 NOT 
9 TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCES P] SE4 ,/AT$ BLUNTLY3 'D[NSIZ+' TODAY IS NOT 
BE+ DONE BY MA*9ES BUT BY AV>ICI\S B\RGEOIS :O USE MA*9ES TO 
REPLACE LABOR OR EXPLOIT IT MORE 9T5SIVELY4 ,9DE$1 ! V]Y MA*9ES ?AT 
! B\RGEOIS EMPLOYS TO R$UCE 'LABOR CO/S' C\LD1 9 A RATIONAL SOCIETY1 
FREE HUMAN BE+S FROM M9DLESS TOIL = MORE CREATIVE & P]SONALLY 
REW>D+ ACTIVITIES4 

,!RE IS NO EVID5CE ?AT ,BRAD=D IS FAMILI> ) ,HEIDEGG] OR ,J'NG]2 
RA!R1 HE SEEMS TO DRAW HIS 9SPIRATION FROM ,LANGDON ,W9N] & ,JACQUES 
,ELLUL1 ! LATT] ( :OM ,BRAD=D QUOTES APPROV+LY3 ',IT IS ! 
TE*NOLOGICAL COH]5CE ?AT N[ MAKES UP ! SOCIAL COH]5CE4 4 4 4 
,TE*NOLOGY IS 9 ITSELF NOT ONLY A MEANS1 BUT A UNIV]SE ( MEANS -- 9 ! 
ORIG9AL S5SE ( ,UNIV]SUM3 BO? EXCLUSIVE & TOTAL' 7QUOT$ 9 ,S,I,H1 P4 
#a74 

,9 ,! ,TE*NOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY1 HIS BE/-KN[N BOOK1 ,ELLUL ADVANC$ ! D\R 
!SIS ?AT ! WORLD & \R WAYS ( ?9K+ AB\T IT >E PATT]N$ ON 
TOOLS & MA*9ES 7LA TE*NIQUE74 ,LACK+ ANY SOCIAL EXPLANATION ( H[ 
?IS 'TE*NOLOGICAL SOCIETY' CAME AB\T1 ,ELLUL'S BOOK CONCLUD$ BY (F]+ 
NO HOPE1 /ILL LESS ANY APPROA* = R$EEM+ HUMANITY FROM ITS TOTAL 
ABSORPTION BY LA TE*NIQUE4 ,9DE$1 EV5 A HUMANISM ?AT SEEKS TO H>NESS 
TE*NOLOGY TO MEET HUMAN NE$S IS R$UC$1 9 HIS VIEW1 9TO A 'PI\S HOPE 
) NO *ANCE :ATSOEV] ( 9FLU5C+ TE*NOLOGICAL EVOLUTION4' .<#a#b.> ,& 
RI<TLY SO1 IF SO DET]M9I/IC A WORLDVIEW IS FOLL[$ TO ITS LOGICAL 
CONCLUSION4 

,HAPPILY1 H[EV]1 ,BRAD=D PROVIDES US ) A SOLUTION3 'TO BEG9 
IMM$IATELY TO DISMANTLE ! MA*9E ALTOGE!R' 7,S,I,H1 P4 #a74 ,& HE BROOKS 
NO COMPROMISE ) CIVILIZATION BUT ESS5TIALLY REPEATS ALL ! 
QUASI-MY/ICAL1 ANTICIVILIZATIONAL1 & ANTITE*NOLOGICAL CLI*'S ?AT 
APPE> 9 C]TA9 ,NEW ,AGE 5VIRONM5TAL CULTS4 ,MOD]N CIVILIZATION1 HE TELLS 
US1 IS 'A MATRIX ( =CES1' 9CLUD+ 'COMMODITY RELATIONS1 MASS 
COMMUNICATIONS1 URBANIZATION & MASS TE*NICS1 ALONG ) 4 4 4 
9T]LOCK+1 RIVAL NUCLE>-CYB]NETIC /ATES1' ALL ( :I* CONV]GE 9TO A 
'GLOBAL MEGAMA*9E' 7,S,I,H1 P4 #b74 ',COMMODITY RELATIONS1' HE NOTES 9 HIS 
ESSAY ',CIVILIZATION 9 ,BULK' 7,C,I,B71 >E M]ELY P>T ( ?IS 'MATRIX ( 
=CES1' 9 :I* CIVILIZATION IS 'A MA*9E' ?AT HAS BE5 A 'LABOR CAMP 
FROM ITS ORIG9S1' A 'RIGID PYRAMID ( CRU/+ HI]>*IES1' 'A GRID 
EXP&+ ! T]RITORY ( ! 9ORGANIC1' & 'A L9E> PROGRESSION FROM 
,PROME!US' !FT ( FIRE TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,MONET>Y ,FUND4' .<#a#c.> 
,ACCORD+LY1 ,BRAD=D REPROVES ,MONICA ,SJ'O & ,B>B>A ,MOR'S 9ANE BOOK1 ,! 
,GREAT ,COSMIC ,MO!R3 ,R$ISCOV]+ ! ,RELIGION ( ! ,E>? -- NOT = ITS 
ATAVI/IC & REGRESSIVE !ISM1 BUT BECAUSE ! AU?ORS PUT ! WORD 
CIVILIZATION 9 QUOTATION M>KS -- A PRACTICE ?AT 'REFLECTS ! T5D5CY ( 
?IS FASC9AT+ .<6.> BOOK TO POSIT AN ALT]NATIVE OR REV]SE P]SPECTIVE ON 
CIVILIZATION RA!R ?AN TO *ALL5GE ITS T]MS ALTOGE!R' 7,C,I,B1 FOOTNOTE 
#b#c74 ,PRESUMABLY1 IT IS ,PROME!US :O IS TO BE REPROV$1 NOT !SE TWO ,E>? 
,MO!RS1 :OSE TRACT ON *?ONIC DEITIES1 = ALL ITS COMPROMISES ) 
CIVILIZATION1 IS 'FASC9AT+4' 

,NO REF]5CE TO ! MEGAMA*9E W\LD BE COMPLETE1 TO BE SURE1 )\T 
QUOT+ FROM ,LEWIS ,MUM=D'S LAM5T ON ITS SOCIAL EFFECTS4 ,9DE$1 IT IS 
WOR? NOT+ ?AT SU* COMM5TS HAVE NORMALLY MISCON/RU$ ,MUM=D'S 
9T5TIONS4 ,MUM=D WAS NOT AN ANTITE*NOLOGI/1 AS ,BRAD=D & O!RS 
W\LD HAVE US BELIEVE2 NOR WAS HE 9 ANY S5SE ( ! WORD A MY/IC :O 
W\LD HAVE F\ND ,BRAD=D'S ANTICIVILIZATIONAL PRIMITIVISM TO HIS TA/E4 ,ON 
?IS SCORE1 ,I CAN SPEAK FROM DIRECT P]SONAL KN[L$GE ( ,MUM=D'S VIEWS1 
:5 WE CONV]S$ AT SOME L5G? AS P>TICIPANTS 9 A CONF]5CE AT ! 
,UNIV]SITY ( ,P5NSYLVANIA >\ND #a#i#g#b4 

,BUT ONE NE$ ONLY TURN TO HIS WRIT+S1 SU* AS ,TE*NICS & ,CIVILIZATION 
7,T,A,C71 FROM :I* ,BRAD=D HIMSELF QUOTES1 TO SEE ?AT ,MUM=D IS AT PA9S 
TO FAVORABLY DESCRIBE 'ME*ANICAL 9/RUM5TS' AS 'POT5TIALLY A VEHICLE ( 
RATIONAL HUMAN PURPOSES4' .<#a#d.> ,REPEAT$LY REM9D+ HIS READ] ?AT MA*9ES 
COME FROM HUMAN BE+S1 ,MUM=D EMPHASIZES ?AT ! MA*9E IS '! 
PROJECTION ( ONE P>TICUL> SIDE ( ! HUMAN P]SONALITY' 7,T,A,C1 P4 #c#a#g74 
,9DE$1 ONE ( ITS MO/ IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS HAS BE5 TO DISPEL ! IMPACT ( 
SUP]/ITION ON ! HUMAN M9D4 ,?US3 

,9 ! PA/1 ! IRRATIONAL & DEMONIC ASPECTS ( LIFE HAD 9VAD$ SPH]ES 
:]E !Y DID NOT BELONG4 ,IT WAS A /EP 9 ADVANCE TO DISCOV] ?AT 
BACT]IA1 NOT BR[NIES1 W]E RESPONSIBLE = CURDL+ MILK1 & ?AT AN 
AIR-COOL$ MOTOR WAS MORE EFFECTIVE ?AN A WIT*'S BROOM/ICK = RAPID LONG 
DI/ANCE TRANSPORTATION4 4 4 4 ,SCI5CE & TE*NICS /IFF5$ \R MORALE3 BY 
!IR V]Y AU/]ITIES & ABNEGATIONS !Y 4 4 4 CA/ CONTEMPT ON *ILDI% 
FE>S1 *ILDI% GUESSES1 EQUALLY *ILDI% ASS]TIONS4 7,T,A,C1 P4 #c#b#d7 

,?IS MAJOR !ME 9 ,MUM=D'S WRIT+S HAS BE5 BLATANTLY NEGLECT$ BY ! 
PRIMITIVI/S 9 \R MID/ -- NOTABLY1 HIS BELIEF ?AT ! MA*9E HAS MADE 
! 'P>AM\NT CONTRIBUTION' ( FO/]+ '! TE*NIQUE ( COOP]ATIVE 
?\<T & ACTION4' ,NOR DID ,MUM=D HESITATE TO PRAISE '! ES!TIC 
EXCELL5CE ( ! MA*9E =M 4 4 4 ABOVE ALL1 P]HAPS1 ! MORE OBJECTIVE 
P]SONALITY ?AT HAS COME 9TO EXI/5CE ?R\< A MORE S5SITIVE & 
UND]/&+ 9T]C\RSE ) !SE NEW SOCIAL 9/RUM5TS & ?R\< 
!IR DELIB]ATE CULTURAL ASSIMILATION' 7,T,A,C1 P4 #c#b#d74 ,9DE$1 '! 
TE*NIQUE ( CREAT+ A NEUTRAL WORLD ( FACT AS DI/+UI%$ FROM ! RAW 
DATA ( IMM$IATE EXP]I5CE WAS ! GREAT G5]AL CONTRIBUTION ( MOD]N 
ANALYTIC SCI5CE' 7,T,A,C1 P4 #c#f#a74 

,F> FROM %>+ ,BRAD=D'S EXPLICIT PRIMITIVISM1 ,MUM=D %>PLY CRITICIZ$ 
?OSE :O REJECT ! MA*9E ABSOLUTELY1 & HE REG>D$ ! 'RETURN TO ! 
ABSOLUTE PRIMITIVE' AS A 'NEUROTIC ADAPTATION' TO ! MEGAMA*9E ITSELF 
7,T,A,C1 P4 #c#b71 9DE$ A CATA/ROPHE4 ',MORE DISA/R\S ?AN ANY M]E PHYSICAL 
DE/RUCTION ( MA*9ES BY ! B>B>IAN IS HIS ?REAT TO TURN (F OR DIV]T 
! HUMAN MOTIVE P[]1' HE OBS]V$ 9 ! %>PE/ ( T]MS1 'DISC\RAG+ 
! COOP]ATIVE PROCESSES ( ?\<T & ! DIS9T]E/$ RESE>* :I* 
>E RESPONSIBLE = \R MAJOR TE*NICAL A*IEVEM5TS' 7,T,A,C1 P4 #c#b74 ,& HE 
5JO9$3 ',WE MU/ AB&ON \R FUTILE & LAM5TABLE DODGES = RESI/+ 
! MA*9E BY /ULTIFY+ RELAPSES 9TO SAVAG]Y' 7,T,A,C1 P4 #c#a#i74 

,NOR DO HIS LAT] WORKS REVEAL ANY EVID5CE ?AT HE REL5T$ 9 ?IS VIEW4 
,IRONICALLY1 HE CONTEMPTU\SLY DESIGNAT$ ! ,LIV+ ,!AT]'S P]=MANCES 
& VISIONS ( ! ',\TLAW ,T]RITORY' ( MOTORCYCLE GANGS AS ',B>B>ISM1' 
& HE DEPRECAT$ ,WOOD'/OCK AS ! ',MASS ,MOBILIZATION ( ,Y\?1' FROM :I* 
! 'PRES5T MASS-M9D$1 OV]-REGIM5T$1 DEP]SONALIZ$ CULTURE HAS 
NO?+ TO FE>4' 

,MUM=D1 = HIS [N P>T1 FAVOR$ NEI!R ! MEGAMA*9E NOR PRIMITIVISM 
7! 'ORGANIC'7 BUT RA!R ! SOPHI/ICATION ( TE*NOLOGY ALONG DEMOCRATIC 
& HUMANLY SCAL$ L9ES4 ',\R CAPACITY TO GO BEYOND ! MA*9E .<TO A NEW 
SYN!SIS.> RE/S UPON \R P[] TO ASSIMILATE ! MA*9E1' HE OBS]V$ 9 
,TE*NICS & ,CIVILIZATION4 ',UNTIL WE HAVE ABSORB$ ! LESSONS ( 
OBJECTIVITY1 IMP]SONALITY1 NEUTRALITY1 ! LESSONS ( ! ME*ANICAL REALM1 
WE CANNOT GO FUR!R 9 \R DEVELOPM5T T[>D ! MORE RI*LY ORGANIC1 ! 
MORE PR(\NDLY HUMAN' 7,T,A,C1 P4 #c#f#c1 EMPHASIS ADD$74 

,D5\NC+ TE*NOLOGY & CIVILIZATION AS 9H]5TLY OPPRESSIVE ( HUMANITY 
9 FACT S]VES TO VEIL ! SPECIFIC SOCIAL RELATIONS ?AT PRIVILEGE 
EXPLOIT]S OV] ! EXPLOIT$ & HI]>*S OV] !IR SUBORD9ATES4 ,MORE 
?AN ANY OPPRESSIVE SOCIETY 9 ! PA/1 CAPITALISM CONCEALS ITS 
EXPLOITATION ( HUMANITY UND] A DISGUISE ( 'FETI%ES1' TO USE ,M>X'S 
T]M9OLOGY 9 ,CAPITAL1 ABOVE ALL1 ! 'FETI%ISM ( COMMODITIES1' :I* HAS 
BE5 V>I\SLY -- & SUP]FICIALLY -- EMBROID]$ BY ! ,SITUATIONI/S 9TO 
'SPECTACLES' & BY ,BAUDRILL>D 9TO 'SIMULACRA4' ,JU/ AS ! B\RGEOISIE'S 
ACQUISITION ( SURPLUS VALUE IS HIDD5 BY A CONTRACTUAL EX*ANGE ( WAGES 
= LABOR P[] ?AT IS ONLY O/5SIBLY EQUAL1 SO ! FETI%IZATION ( ! 
COMMODITY & ITS MOVEM5TS CONCEALS ! SOV]EIGNTY ( CAPITALISM'S 
ECONOMIC & SOCIAL RELATIONS4 

,!RE IS AN IMPORTANT1 9DE$ CRUCIAL1 PO9T TO BE MADE1 H]E4 ,SU* 
CONCEALM5T %IELDS FROM PUBLIC PURVIEW ! CAUSAL ROLE ( CAPITALI/ 
COMPETITION 9 PRODUC+ ! CRISES ( \R TIMES4 ,TO !SE MY/IFICATIONS1 
ANTITE*NOLOGI/S & ANTICIVILIZATIONI/S ADD ! MY? ( TE*NOLOGY & 
CIVILIZATION AS 9H]5TLY OPPRESSIVE1 & !Y ?US OBSCURE ! SOCIAL 
RELATION%IPS UNIQUE TO CAPITALISM -- NOTABLY ! USE ( ?+S 
7COMMODITIES1 EX*ANGE VALUES1 OBJECTS -- EMPLOY :AT T]MS Y\ *OOSE7 TO 
M$IATE SOCIAL RELATIONS & PRODUCE ! TE*NO-URBAN L&SCAPE ( \R TIME4 
,JU/ AS ! SUB/ITUTION ( ! PHRASE '9DU/RIAL SOCIETY' = CAPITALISM 
OBSCURES ! SPECIFIC & PRIM>Y ROLE ( CAPITAL & COMMODITY 
RELATION%IPS 9 =M+ MOD]N SOCIETY1 SO ! SUB/ITUTION ( A 
TE*NO-URBAN CULTURE = SOCIAL RELATIONS1 9 :I* ,BRAD=D OV]TLY 
5GAGES1 CONCEALS ! PRIM>Y ROLE ( ! M>KET & COMPETITION 9 =M+ 
MOD]N CULTURE4 

,LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM1 L>GELY BECAUSE IT IS CONC]N$ ) A '/YLE' RA!R 
?AN A SOCIETY1 GLOSSES OV] CAPITALI/ ACCUMULATION1 ) ITS ROOTS 9 ! 
COMPETITIVE M>KETPLACE1 AS ! S\RCE ( ECOLOGICAL DEVA/ATION1 & GAZES 
AS IF TRANSFIX$ AT ! ALLEG$ BREAK ( HUMANITY'S 'SACR$' OR 'EC/ATIC' 
UNITY ) ',NATURE' & AT ! 'DIS5*ANTM5T ( ! WORLD' BY SCI5CE1 
MAT]IALISM1 & 'LOGOC5TRICITY4' 

,?US1 9/EAD ( DISCLOS+ ! S\RCES ( PRES5T-DAY SOCIAL & P]SONAL 
PA?OLOGIES1 ANTITE*NOLOGISM ALL[S US TO SPECI\SLY REPLACE CAPITALISM 
) TE*NOLOGY1 :I* BASICALLY FACILITATES CAPITAL ACCUMULATION & ! 
EXPLOITATION ( LABOR1 AS ! UND]LY+ CAUSE ( GR[? & ( ECOLOGICAL 
DE/RUCTION4 ,CIVILIZATION1 EMBODI$ 9 ! CITY AS A CULTURAL C5T]1 IS 
DIVE/$ ( ITS RATIONAL DIM5SIONS1 AS IF ! CITY W]E AN UNABAT$ CANC] 
RA!R ?AN ! POT5TIAL SPH]E = UNIV]SALIZ+ HUMAN 9T]C\RSE1 9 
M>K$ CONTRA/ TO ! P>O*IAL LIMITATIONS ( TRIBAL & VILLAGE LIFE4 ,! 
BASIC SOCIAL RELATION%IPS ( CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION & DOM9ATION >E 
OV]%AD[$ BY METAPHYSICAL G5]ALIZATIONS AB\T ! EGO & LA TE*NIQUE1 
BLURR+ PUBLIC 9SI<T 9TO ! BASIC CAUSES ( SOCIAL & ECOLOGICAL 
CRISES -- COMMODITY RELATIONS ?AT SPAWN ! CORPORATE BROK]S ( P[]1 
9DU/RY1 & WEAL?4 

,:I* IS NOT TO D5Y ?AT MANY TE*NOLOGIES >E 9H]5TLY DOM9E]+ & 
ECOLOGICALLY DANG]\S1 OR TO ASS]T ?AT CIVILIZATION HAS BE5 AN 
UNMITIGAT$ BLESS+4 ,NUCLE> REACTORS1 HUGE DAMS1 HI<LY C5TRALIZ$ 
9DU/RIAL COMPLEXES1 ! FACTORY SY/EM1 & ! >MS 9DU/RY -- LIKE 
BUREAUCRACY1 URBAN BLI<T1 & CONTEMPOR>YM$IA -- HAVE BE5 P]NICI\S 
ALMO/ FROM !IR 9CEPTION4 ,BUT ! EI<TE5? & N9ETE5? C5TURIES DID 
NOT REQUIRE ! /EAM 5G9E1 MASS MANUFACTURE1 OR1 = ?AT MATT]1 GIANT 
CITIES & F>-REA*+ BUREAUCRACIES1 TO DE=E/ HUGE >EAS ( ,NOR? 
,AM]ICA & VIRTUALLY OBLIT]ATE ITS ABORIG9AL PEOPLES1 OR ]ODE ! SOIL 
( 5TIRE REGIONS4 ,TO ! CONTR>Y1 EV5 BE=E RAILROADS REA*$ \T TO ALL 
P>TS ( ! L&1 MU* ( ?IS DEVA/ATION HAD ALREADY BE5 WR\<T US+ 
SIMPLE AXES1 BLACK-P[D] MUSKETS1 HORSE-DRIV5 WAGONS1 & MOLDBO>D PL[S4 

,IT WAS !SE SIMPLE TE*NOLOGIES ?AT B\RGEOIS 5T]PRISE -- ! B>B>\S 
DIM5SIONS ( CIVILIZATION ( ! LA/ C5TURY -- US$ TO C>VE MU* ( ! 
,OHIO ,RIV] VALLEY 9TO SPECULATIVE REAL E/ATE4 ,9 ! ,S\?1 PLANTATION 
[N]S NE$$ SLAVE 'H&S' 9 GREAT P>T BECAUSE ! MA*9]Y TO PLANT & 
PICK COTTON DID NOT EXI/2 9DE$1 ,AM]ICAN T5ANT F>M+ HAS DISAPPE>$ 
OV] ! PA/ TWO G5]ATIONS L>GELY BECAUSE NEW MA*9]Y WAS 9TRODUC$ 
TO REPLACE ! LABOR ( 'FRE$' BLACK %>ECROPP]S4 ,9 ! N9ETE5? 
C5TURY PEASANTS FROM SEMIFEUDAL ,EUROPE1 FOLL[+ RIV] & CANAL R\TES1 
P\R$ 9TO ! ,AM]ICAN WILD]NESS &1 ) EM95TLY UNECOLOGICAL 
ME?ODS1 BEGAN TO PRODUCE ! GRA9S ?AT EV5TUALLY PROPELL$ ,AM]ICAN 
CAPITALISM TO ECONOMIC HEGEMONY 9 ! WORLD4 

,BLUNTLY PUT3 IT WAS CAPITALISM -- ! COMMODITY RELATION%IP EXP&$ TO ITS 
FULL HI/ORICAL PROPORTIONS -- ?AT PRODUC$ ! EXPLOSIVE 5VIRONM5TAL 
CRISIS ( MOD]N TIMES1 BEG9N+ ) E>LY COTTAGE-MADE COMMODITIES ?AT 
W]E C>RI$ OV] ! 5TIRE WORLD 9 SAIL+ VESSELS1 P[]$ BY W9D 
RA!R ?AN 5G9ES4 ,AP>T FROM ! TEXTILE VILLAGES & T[NS ( ,BRITA91 
:]E MASS MANUFACTURE MADE ITS HI/ORIC BREAK?R\<1 ! MA*9ES ?AT 
MEET ) ! GREATE/ OPPROBRIUM !SE DAYS W]E CREAT$ LONG AFT] 
CAPITALISM GA9$ ASC5DANCY 9 MANY P>TS ( ,EUROPE & ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4 

,DESPITE ! CURR5T SW+ ( ! P5DULUM FROM A GLORIFICATION ( ,EUROPEAN 
CIVILIZATION TO ITS :OLESALE D5IGRATION1 H[EV]1 WE W\LD DO WELL TO 
REMEMB] ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! RISE ( MOD]N SECUL>ISM1 SCI5TIFIC 
KN[L$GE1 UNIV]SALISM1 REASON1 & TE*NOLOGIES ?AT POT5TIALLY (F] ! 
HOPE ( A RATIONAL & EMANCIPATORY DISP5SATION ( SOCIAL AFFAIRS1 9DE$1 
= ! FULL REALIZATION ( DESIRE & EC/ASY )\T ! MANY S]VANTS & 
>TISANS :O P&]$ TO ! APPETITES ( !IR >I/OCRATIC 'BETT]S' 9 
,RABELAIS'S ,ABBEY ( ,!LEME4 ,IRONICALLY1 ! ANTI'CIVILIZATIONAL AN>*I/S 
:O D5\NCE CIVILIZATION TODAY >E AMONG ?OSE :O 5JOY ITS CULTURAL 
FRUITS & MAKE EXPANSIVE1 HI<LY 9DIVIDUALI/IC PR(ESSIONS ( LIB]TY1 
) NO S5SE ( ! PA9/AK+ DEVELOPM5TS 9 ,EUROPEAN HI/ORY ?AT MADE 
!M POSSIBLE4 ,KROPOTK91 = ONE1 SIGNIFICANTLY EMPHASIZ$ '! PROGRESS ( 
MOD]N TE*NICS1 :I* WOND]FULLY SIMPLIFIES ! PRODUCTION ( ALL ! 
NECESS>IES ( LIFE4' .<#a#e.> ,TO ?OSE :O LACK A S5SE ( HI/ORICAL 
CONTEXTUALITY1 >ROGANT H9DSI<T COMES *EAPLY4 

,MY/IFY+ ! ,PRIMITIVE 

,! COROLL>Y ( ANTITE*NOLOGISM & ANTICIVILIZATIONISM IS PRIMITIVISM1 AN 
$5IC GLORIFICATION ( PREHI/ORY & ! DESIRE TO SOMEH[ RETURN TO ITS 
PUTATIVE 9NOC5CE4 ,LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S LIKE ,BRAD=D DRAW !IR 
9SPIRATION FROM ABORIG9AL PEOPLES & MY?S ( AN $5IC PREHI/ORY4 
,PRIMAL PEOPLES1 HE SAYS1 'REFUS$ TE*NOLOGY' -- !Y 'M9IMIZ$ ! 
RELATIVE WEI<T ( 9/RUM5TAL OR PRACTICAL TE*NIQUES & EXP&$ ! 
IMPORTANCE ( 4 4 4 EC/ATIC TE*NIQUES4' ,?IS WAS BECAUSE ABORIG9AL 
PEOPLES1 ) !IR ANIMI/IC BELIEFS1 W]E SATURAT$ BY A 'LOVE' ( ANIMAL 
LIFE & WILD]NESS -- = !M1 'ANIMALS1 PLANTS1 & NATURAL OBJECTS' W]E 
'P]SONS1 EV5 K9' 7,C,I,B1 P4 #a#a74 

,ACCORD+LY1 ,BRAD=D OBJECTS TO ! '(FICIAL' VIEW ?AT DESIGNATES ! 
LIFEWAYS ( PREHI/ORIC =AG+ CULTURES AS 'T]RIBLE1 BRUTI% & NOMADIC1 
A BLOODY /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE4' ,RA!R1 HE APO!OSIZES '! PRIMAL WORLD' 
AS :AT ,M>%ALL ,SAHL9S CALL$ '! ORIG9AL AFFLU5T SOCIETY1'  
AFFLU5T BECAUSE ITS NE$S >E FEW1 ALL ITS DESIRES >E EASILY MET4 ,ITS TOOL 
KIT IS ELEGANT & LI<T-WEI<T1 ITS \TLOOK L+UI/ICALLY COMPLEX & 
CONCEPTUALLY PR(\ND YET SIMPLE & ACCESSIBLE TO ALL4 ,ITS CULTURE IS 
EXPANSIVE & EC/ATIC4 ,IT IS PROP]TYLESS & COMMUNAL1 EGALIT>IAN & 
COOP]ATIVE4 4 4 4 ,IT IS AN>*IC4 4 4 4 FREE ( WORK 4 4 4 ,IT IS A DANC+ 
SOCIETY1 A S++ SOCIETY1 A CELEBRAT+ SOCIETY1 A DREAM+ SOCIETY4 7,C,I,B1 
P4 #a7 

,9HABITANTS ( ! 'PRIMAL WORLD1' ACCORD+ TO ,BRAD=D1 LIV$ 9 H>MONY 
) ! NATURAL WORLD & 5JOY$ ALL ! B5EFITS ( AFFLU5CE1 9CLUD+ 
MU* LEISURE TIME4 ,PRIMAL SOCIETY1 HE EMPHASIZES1 WAS 'FREE ( WORK' S9CE 
HUNT+ & GA!R+ REQUIR$ MU* LESS EF=T ?AN PEOPLE TODAY PUT 9 
) ! EI<T-H\R DAY4 ,HE DOES COMPASSIONATELY CONC$E ?AT PRIMAL SOCIETY 
WAS 'CAPABLE ( EXP]I5C+ OCCASIONAL HUNG]4' ,?IS 'HUNG]1' H[EV]1 WAS 
REALLY SYMBOLIC & SELF-9FLICT$1 Y\ SEE1 BECAUSE PRIMAL PEOPLES 
'SOMETIMES .<*OSE.> HUNG] TO 5HANCE 9T]RELAT$NESS1 TO PLAY1 OR TO SEE 
VISIONS' 7,C,I,B1 P4 #a74 

,IT W\LD TAKE A FULL-SIZ$ ESSAY 9 ITSELF TO UNSCRAMBLE1 LET ALONE REFUTE1 
?IS ABSURD BALD]DA%1 9 :I* A FEW TRU?S >E EI!R MIX$ ) OR 
COAT$ 9 %E] FANTASY4 ,BRAD=D BASES HIS ACC\NT1 WE >E TOLD1 ON 
'GREAT] ACCESS TO ! VIEWS ( PRIMAL PEOPLE & !IR NATIVE DESC5DANTS' 
BY 'A MORE CRITICAL 4 4 4 AN?ROPOLOGY' 7,C,I,B1 P4 #a74 ,9 FACT1 MU* ( HIS 
'CRITICAL AN?ROPOLOGY' APPE>S TO D]IVE FROM IDEAS PROP\ND$ AT ! ',MAN 
! ,HUNT]' SYMPOSIUM1 CONV5$ 9 ,APRIL #aiff AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,*ICAGO4 
.<#a#f.> ,AL?\< MO/ ( ! PAP]S CONTRIBUT$ TO ?IS SYMPOSIUM W]E 
IMM5SELY VALUABLE1 A NUMB] ( !M CON=M$ TO ! NAIVE MY/IFICATION ( 
'PRIMITIVITY' ?AT WAS P]COLAT+ ?R\< ! #a#i#fS C\NT]CULTURE -- & 
?AT L+]S ON TO ?IS DAY4 ,! HIPPIE CULTURE1 :I* 9FLU5C$ QUITE A 
FEW AN?ROPOLOGI/S ( ! TIME1 AV]R$ ?AT HUNT+-GA!R+ PEOPLES 
TODAY HAD BE5 BYPASS$ BY ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC =CES AT WORK 9 ! 
RE/ ( ! WORLD & /ILL LIV$ 9 A PRI/9E /ATE1 AS ISOLAT$ REMNANTS 
( ,NEOLI?IC & ,PALEOLI?IC LIFEWAYS4 ,FUR!R1 AS HUNT]-GA!R]S1 !IR 
LIVES W]E NOTABLY HEAL?Y & PEACEFUL1 LIV+ !N AS N[ ON AN AMPLE 
NATURAL L>GESS4 

,?US1 ,RI*>D ,B4 ,LEE1 CO$ITOR ( ! COLLECTION ( CONF]5CE PAP]S1 
E/IMAT$ ?AT ! CALORIC 9TAKE ( 'PRIMITIVE' PEOPLES WAS QUITE HI< & 
!IR FOOD SUPPLY ABUNDANT1 MAK+ = A K9D ( VIRG9AL 'AFFLU5CE' 9 
:I* PEOPLE NE$$ TO =AGE ONLY A FEW H\RS EA* DAY4 ',LIFE 9 ! /ATE 
( NATURE IS NOT NECESS>ILY NA/Y1 BRUTI%1 & %ORT1' WROTE ,LEE4 ,! 
HABITAT ( ! 6,KUNG ,BU%M5 ( ! ,KALAH>I ,DES]T1 = EXAMPLE1 'IS 
ABUNDANT 9 NATURALLY OCCURR+ FOODS4' ,! ,BU%M5 ( ! ,DOBE >EA1 :O1 
,LEE WROTE1 W]E /ILL ON ! V]GE ( 5TRY 9TO ! ,NEOLI?IC1 
LIVE WELL TODAY ON WILD PLANTS & MEAT1 9 SPITE ( ! FACT ?AT !Y >E 
CONF9$ TO ! LEA/ PRODUCTIVE PORTION ( ! RANGE 9 :I* ,BU%M5 
PEOPLES W]E =M]LY F\ND4 ,IT IS LIKELY ?AT AN EV5 MORE SUB/ANTIAL 
SUBSI/5CE BASE W\LD HAVE BE5 *>ACT]I/IC ( !SE HUNT]S & 
GA!R]S 9 ! PA/1 :5 !Y HAD ! PICK ( ,AFRICAN HABITATS TO *OOSE 
FROM4 .<#a#g.> 

,NOT QUITE6 -- AS WE %ALL SEE %ORTLY4 

,IT IS ALL TOO COMMON = ?OSE :O SWOON OV] 'PRIMAL LIFE' TO LUMP TOGE!R 
MANY MILL5NIA ( PREHI/ORY1 AS IF SIGNIFICANTLY DIFF]5T HOM9ID & 
HUMAN SPECIES LIV$ 9 ONE K9D ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4 ,! WORD PREHI/ORY 
IS HI<LY AMBIGU\S4 ,9ASMU* AS ! HUMAN G5US 9CLUD$ SEV]AL DIFF]5T 
SPECIES1 WE CAN H>DLY EQUATE ! '\TLOOK' ( ,AURIGNACIAN & ,MAGDAL5IAN 
=AG]S 7,HOMO SAPI5S SAPI5S7 SOME #c1 YE>S AGO1 ) ?AT ( ,HOMO 
SAPI5S NE&]?AL5SIS OR ,HOMO ]ECTUS1 :OSE TOOL KITS1 >TI/IC 
ABILITIES1 & CAPACITIES = SPEE* W]E /RIK+LY DIFF]5T4 

,ANO!R CONC]N IS ! EXT5T TO :I* PREHI/ORIC HUNT]-GA!R]S OR 
=AG]S AT V>I\S TIMES LIV$ 9 NONHI]>*ICAL SOCIETIES4 ,IF ! BURIALS 
AT ,SUNGIR 79 PRES5T ,EA/]N ,EUROPE7 SOME #b#e1 YE>S AGO ALL[ = ANY 
SPECULATION 7& !RE >E NO ,PALEOLI?IC PEOPLE >\ND TO TELL US AB\T 
!IR LIVES71 ! EXTRAORD9>ILY RI* COLLECTION ( JEWELRY1 LANCES1 IVORY 
SPE>S1 & BEAD$ CLO?+ AT ! GRAVESITES ( TWO ADOLESC5TS SUGGE/ ! 
EXI/5CE ( HI<-/ATUS FAMILY L9ES LONG BE=E HUMAN BE+S SETTL$ D[N 
TO FOOD CULTIVATION4 ,MO/ CULTURES 9 ! ,PALEOLI?IC W]E PROBABLY 
RELATIVELY EGALIT>IAN1 BUT HI]>*Y SEEMS TO HAVE EXI/$ EV5 9 ! LATE 
,PALEOLI?IC1 ) M>K$ V>IATIONS 9 DEGREE1 TYPE1 & SCOPE ( DOM9ATION 
?AT CANNOT BE SUBSUM$ UND] RHETORICAL PEANS TO ,PALEOLI?IC 
EGALIT>IANISM4 

,A FUR!R CONC]N ?AT >ISES IS ! V>IATION -- 9 E>LY CASES1 ! 
ABS5CE -- ( COMMUNICATIVE ABILITY 9 DIFF]5T EPO*S4 ,9ASMU* AS A 
WRITT5 LANGUAGE DID NOT APPE> UNTIL WELL 9TO HI/ORICAL TIMES1 ! 
LANGUAGES EV5 ( E>LY ,HOMO SAPI5S SAPI5S W]E H>DLY 'CONCEPTUALLY 
PR(\ND4' ,! PICTOGRAPHS1 GLYPHS1 &1 ABOVE ALL1 MEMORIZ$ MAT]IAL UPON 
:I* 'PRIMAL' PEOPLES RELI$ = KN[L$GE ( ! PA/ HAVE OBVI\S 
CULTURAL LIMITATIONS4 ,)\T A WRITT5 LIT]ATURE ?AT RECORDS ! 
CUMULATIVE WISDOM ( G5]ATIONS1 HI/ORICAL MEMORY1 LET ALONE 'CONCEPTUALLY 
PR(\ND' ?\<TS1 >E DIFFICULT TO RETA92 RA!R1 !Y >E LO/ OV] TIME 
OR WOEFULLY DI/ORT$4 ,LEA/ ( ALL IS ORALLY TRANSMITT$ HI/ORY SUBJECT TO 
DEM&+ CRITIQUE BUT 9/EAD EASILY BECOMES A TOOL = ELITE 'SE]S' & 
%AMANS :O1 F> FROM BE+ 'PROTOPOETS1' AS ,BRAD=D CALLS !M1 SEEM TO 
HAVE US$ !IR 'KN[L$GE' TO S]VE !IR [N SOCIAL 9T]E/S4 .<#a#h.> 

,:I* BR+S US1 9EVITABLY1 TO ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN1 ! ANTI'CIVILIZA'TIONAL 
PRIMITIVI/ P> EXCELL5CE4 ,= ,Z]ZAN1 ONE ( ! /EADY H&S AT ,AN>*Y3 
,A ,J\RNAL ( ,DESIRE ,>M$1 ! ABS5CE ( SPEE*1 LANGUAGE1 & WRIT+ IS A 
POSITIVE BOON4 ,ANO!R D5IZ5 ( ! ',MAN ! ,HUNT]' TIME W>P1 ,Z]ZAN 
MA9TA9S 9 HIS BOOK ,FUTURE ,PRIMITIVE 7,F,P7 ?AT 'LIFE BE=E 
DOME/ICATION_/AGRICULTURE WAS 9 FACT L>GELY ONE ( A LEISURE1 9TIMACY 
) NATURE1 S5SUAL WISDOM1 SEXUAL EQUALITY1 & HEAL?' .<#a#i.> -- ) ! 
DIFF]5CE ?AT ,Z]ZAN'S VISION ( 'PRIMALITY' MORE CLOSELY APPROXIMATES 
F\R-LEGG$ ANIMALITY4 ,9 FACT1 9 ,Z]ZANIAN PALEOAN?ROPOLOGY1 ! 
ANATOMICAL DI/9CTIONS BETWE5 ,HOMO SAPI5S1 ON ! ONE H&1 & ,HOMO 
HABILIS1 ,HOMO ]ECTUS1 & ! 'MU*-MALIGN$' ,NE&]?ALS1 ON ! O!R1 
>E DUBI\S2 ALL E>LY ,HOMO SPECIES1 9 HIS VIEW1 W]E POSSESS$ ( ! 
M5TAL & PHYSICAL CAPACITIES ( ,HOMO SAPI5S & FUR!RMORE LIV$ 9 
PRIMAL BLISS = MORE ?AN TWO MILLION YE>S4 

,IF !SE HOM9IDS W]E AS 9TELLIG5T AS MOD]N HUMANS1 WE MAY BE NAIVELY 
TEMPT$ TO ASK1 :Y DID !Y NOT 9NOVATE TE*'NO'LOGICAL *ANGE8 ',IT 
/RIKES ME AS V]Y PLAUSIBLE1' ,Z]ZAN BRI<TLY CONJECTURES1 '?AT 
9TELLIG5CE1 9=M$ BY ! SUCCESS & SATISFACTION ( A GA!R]-HUNT] 
EXI/5CE1 IS ! V]Y REASON = ! PRON\NC$ ABS5CE ( 'PROGRESS4' 
,DIVISION ( LABOR1 DOME/ICATION1 SYMBOLIC CULTURE -- !SE W]E EVID5TLY 
.<6.> REFUS$ UNTIL V]Y REC5TLY4' ,! ,HOMO SPECIES 'LONG *OSE NATURE OV] 
CULTURE1' & BY CULTURE H]E ,Z]ZAN MEANS '! MANIPULATION ( BASIC 
SYMBOLIC =MS' 7EMPHASIS ADD$7 -- AN ALI5AT+ 5CUMBRANCE4 ,9DE$1 HE 
CONT9UES1 'REIFI$ TIME1 LANGUAGE 7WRITT51 C]TA9LY1 & PROBABLY SPOK5 
LANGUAGE = ALL OR MO/ ( ?IS P]IOD71 NUMB]1 & >T HAD NO PLACE1 
DESPITE AN 9TELLIG5CE FULLY CAPABLE ( !M' 7,F,P1 PP4 #b#c1 #b#d74 

,9 %ORT1 HOM9IDS W]E CAPABLE ( SYMBOLS1 SPEE*1 & WRIT+ BUT 
DELIB]ATELY REJECT$ !M1 S9CE !Y C\LD UND]/& ONE ANO!R & 
!IR 5VIRONM5T 9/9CTIVELY1 )\T REC\RSE TO !M4 ,?US ,Z]ZAN 
EAG]LY AGREES ) AN AN?ROPOLOGI/ :O M$ITATES ?AT ',SAN_/,BU%MAN 
COMMUNION ) NATURE' REA*$ 'A LEVEL ( EXP]I5CE ?AT 'C\LD ALMO/ BE 
CALL$ MY/ICAL4 ,= 9/ANCE1 !Y SEEM$ TO KN[ :AT IT ACTUALLY FELT 
LIKE TO BE AN ELEPHANT1 A LION1 AN ANTELOPE'' EV5 A BAOBAB TREE 7,F,P1 PP4 
#c#c-#c#d74 

,! CONSCI\S 'DECISION' TO REFUSE LANGUAGE1 SOPHI/ICAT$ TOOLS1 
TEMPORALITY1 & A DIVISION ( LABOR 7PRESUMABLY !Y TRI$ & GRUNT$1 
',BAH6'7 WAS MADE1 WE >E TOLD1 BY ,HOMO HABILIS1 :O1 ,I %\LD NOTE1 HAD 
R\<LY HALF ! BRA9 SIZE ( MOD]N HUMANS & PROBABLY LACK$ ! 
ANATOMICAL CAPACITY = SYLLABIC SPEE*4 ,YET WE HAVE IT ON ,Z]ZAN'S 
SOV]EIGN AU?ORITY ?AT HABILIS 7& POSSIBLY EV5 ,AU/RALOPI!CUS 
AF>5SIS1 :O MAY HAVE BE5 >\ND SOME 'TWO MILLION YE>S AGO'7 POSSESS$ 
'AN 9TELLIG5CE FULLY CAPABLE' -- NO LESS6 -- ( !SE FUNCTIONS BUT 
REFUS$ TO USE !M4 ,9 ,Z]ZANIAN PALEOAN?ROPOLOGY1 E>LY HOM9IDS OR 
HUMANS C\LD ADOPT OR REJECT VITAL CULTURAL TRAITS LIKE SPEE* ) SUBLIME 
WISDOM1 ! WAY MONKS TAKE V[S ( SIL5CE4 

,BUT ONCE ! V[ ( SIL5CE WAS BROK51 EV]Y?+ W5T WRONG6 ,= REASONS 
KN[N ONLY TO ,GOD & ,Z]ZAN4 

,! EM]G5CE ( SYMBOLIC CULTURE1 ) ITS 9H]5T WILL TO MANIPULATE & 
CONTROL1 SOON OP5$ ! DOOR TO ! DOME/ICATION ( NATURE4 ,AFT] TWO 
MILLION YE>S ( HUMAN LIFE )9 ! B\NDS ( NATURE1 9 BALANCE ) 
O!R WILD SPECIES1 AGRICULTURE *ANG$ \R LIFE/YLE1 \R WAY ( ADAPT+1 
9 AN UNPREC$5T$ WAY4 ,NEV] BE=E HAS SU* A RADICAL *ANGE OCCURR$ 9 
A SPECIES SO UTT]LY & SO SWIFTLY4 4 4 4 ,SELF-DOME/ICATION ?R\< 
LANGUAGE1 RITUAL1 & >T 9SPIR$ ! TAM+ ( PLANTS & ANIMALS ?AT 
FOLL[$4 7,F,P1 PP4 #b#g-#b#h1 EMPHASIS ADD$7 

,!RE IS A C]TA9 SPL5DOR 9 ?IS CLAPTRAP ?AT IS TRULY >RE/+4 
,SIGNIFICANTLY DIFF]5T EPO*S1 HOM9ID &_/OR HUMAN SPECIES1 & ECOLOGICAL 
& TE*NOLOGICAL SITUATIONS >E ALL SWEPT UP TOGE!R 9TO A %>$ LIFE 
')9 ! B\NDS ( NATURE4' ,Z]ZAN'S SIMPLIFICATION ( ! HI<LY COMPLEX 
DIALECTIC BETWE5 HUMANS & NONHUMAN NATURE REVEALS A M5TALITY SO 
R$UCTIONI/ & SIMPLI/IC ?AT ONE IS OBLIG$ TO /& BE=E IT 9 AWE4 

,TO BE SURE1 !RE IS V]Y MU* WE CAN LE>N FROM PRELIT]ATE CULTURES -- 
ORGANIC SOCIETIES1 AS ,I CALL !M 9 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM -- P>TICUL>LY 
AB\T ! MUTABILITY ( :AT IS COMMONLY CALL$ 'HUMAN NATURE4' ,!IR SPIRIT 
( 9-GR\P COOP]ATION &1 9 ! BE/ ( CASES1 EGALIT>IAN \TLOOK >E 
NOT ONLY ADMIRABLE -- & SOCIALLY NECESS>Y 9 VIEW ( ! PREC>I\S WORLD 
9 :I* !Y LIV$ -- BUT PROVIDE COMPELL+ EVID5CE ( ! MALLEABILITY 
( HUMAN BEHAVIOR 9 CONTRA/ TO ! MY? ?AT COMPETITION & GRE$ >E 
9NATE HUMAN ATTRIBUTES4 ,9DE$1 !IR PRACTICES ( USUFRUCT & ! 
9EQUALITY ( EQUALS >E ( GREAT RELEVANCE TO AN ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY4 

,BUT ?AT 'PRIMAL' OR PREHI/ORIC PEOPLES 'REV]$' NONHUMAN NATURE IS AT 
BE/ SPECI\S & AT WOR/ COMPLETELY DIS+5U\S4 ,9 ! ABS5CE ( 
'NONNATURAL' 5VIRONM5TS SU* AS VILLAGES1 T[NS1 & CITIES1 ! V]Y 
NOTION ( ',NATURE' AS DI/+UI%$ FROM HABITAT HAD YET TO BE 
CONCEPTUALIZ$ -- A TRULY ALI5AT+ EXP]I5CE1 9 ,Z]ZAN'S VIEW4 ,NOR IS IT 
LIKELY ?AT \R REMOTE ANCE/ORS VIEW$ ! NATURAL WORLD 9 A MANN] ANY 
LESS 9/RUM5TAL ?AN DID PEOPLE 9 HI/ORICAL CULTURES4 ,) DUE REG>D 
= !IR [N MAT]IAL 9T]E/S -- !IR SURVIVAL & WELL-BE+ -- 
PREHI/ORIC PEOPLES SEEM TO HAVE HUNT$ D[N AS MU* GAME AS !Y C\LD1 & 
IF !Y IMAG9ATIVELY PEOPL$ ! ANIMAL WORLD ) AN?ROPOMORPHIC 
ATTRIBUTES1 AS !Y SURELY DID1 IT W\LD HAVE BE5 TO COMMUNICATE ) IT 
) AN 5D T[>D MANIPULAT+ IT1 NOT SIMPLY T[>D REV]+ IT4 

,?US1 ) V]Y 9/RUM5TAL 5DS 9 M9D1 !Y CONJUR$ 'TALK+' ANIMALS1 
ANIMAL 'TRIBES' 7(T5 PATT]N$ ON !IR [N SOCIAL /RUCTURES71 & 
RESPONSIVE ANIMAL 'SPIRITS4' ,UND]/&ABLY1 GIV5 !IR LIMIT$ KN[L$GE1 
!Y BELIEV$ 9 ! REALITY ( DREAMS1 :]E HUMANS MI<T FLY & ANIMALS 
MI<T TALK -- 9 AN 9EXPLICABLE1 (T5 FRI<T5+ DREAM WORLD ?AT !Y 
TOOK = REALITY4 ,TO CONTROL GAME ANIMALS1 TO USE A HABITAT = SURVIVAL 
PURPOSES1 TO DEAL ) ! VICISSITUDES ( WEA!R & ! LIKE1 PREHI/ORIC 
PEOPLES HAD TO P]SONIFY !SE PH5OM5A & 'TALK' TO !M1 :E!R 
DIRECTLY1 RITUALI/ICALLY1 OR METAPHORICALLY4 

,9 FACT1 PREHI/ORIC PEOPLES SEEM TO HAVE 9T]V5$ 9TO !IR 5VIRONM5T 
AS RESOLUTELY AS !Y C\LD4 ,AS SOON AS ,HOMO ]ECTUS OR LAT] HUMAN SPECIES 
LE>N$ TO USE FIRE1 = EXAMPLE1 !Y SEEM TO HAVE PUT IT TO WORK BURN+ 
(F =E/S1 PROBABLY /AMP$+ GAME ANIMALS OV] CLIFFS OR 9TO NATURAL 
5CLOSURES :]E !Y C\LD BE EASILY SLAU<T]$4 ,! 'REV]5CE = LIFE' 
( PREHI/ORIC PEOPLES ?US REFLECT$ A HI<LY PRAGMATIC CONC]N = 
5HANC+ & CONTROLL+ ! FOOD SUPPLY1 NOT A LOVE = ANIMALS1 =E/S1 
M\NTA9S 7:I* !Y MAY V]Y WELL HAVE FE>$ AS ! L(TY HOME ( DEITIES 
BO? DEMONIC & B5IGN74 .<#b.> 

,NOR DOES ! 'LOVE ( NATURE' ?AT ,BRAD=D ATTRIBUTES TO 'PRIMAL SOCIETY' 
ACCURATELY DEPICT =AG+ PEOPLES TODAY1 :O (T5 DEAL RA!R H>%LY ) 
WORK & GAME ANIMALS2 ! ,ITURI =E/ ,PYGMIES1 = EXAMPLE1 TORM5T$ 
5SN>$ GAME QUITE SADI/ICALLY1 & ,ESKIMOS COMMONLY MALTREAT$ !IR 
HUSKIES4 .<#b#a.> ,AS = ,NATIVE ,AM]ICANS BE=E ,EUROPEAN CONTACT1 !Y VA/LY 
ALT]$ MU* ( ! CONT95T BY US+ FIRE TO CLE> L&S = HORTICULTURE 
& = BETT] VISIBILITY 9 HUNT+1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT ! 'P>ADISE' 
5C\NT]$ BY ,EUROPEANS WAS 'CLE>LY HUMANIZ$4' .<#b#b.> 

,UNAVOIDABLY1 MANY ,9DIAN TRIBES SEEM TO HAVE EXHAU/$ LOCAL FOOD ANIMALS 
& HAD TO MIGRATE TO NEW T]RITORIES TO GA9 ! MAT]IAL MEANS ( LIFE4 ,IT 
W\LD BE SURPRIS+ 9DE$ IF !Y DID NOT 5GAGE 9 W>F>E TO DISPLACE ! 
ORIG9AL OCCUPANTS4 ,!IR REMOTE ANCE/ORS MAY WELL HAVE PU%$ SOME ( ! 
GREAT ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN MAMMALS ( ! LA/ ICE AGE 7NOTABLY MAMMO?S1 
MA/ODONS1 LON<ORN BISON1 HORSES1 & CAMELS7 TO EXT9CTION4 ,?ICKLY 
ACCUMULAT$ BONES ( BISON >E /ILL DISC]NIBLE 9 SITES ?AT SUGGE/ MASS 
KILL+S & 'ASSEMBLY-L9E' BUT*]+ 9 A NUMB] ( ,AM]ICAN >ROYOS4 
.<#b#c.> 

,NOR1 AMONG ?OSE PEOPLES :O DID HAVE AGRICULTURE1 WAS L& USE NECESS>ILY 
ECOLOGICALLY B5IGN4 ,>\ND ,LAKE ,P'TZCU>O 9 ! C5TRAL ,MEXICAN HI<L&S1 
BE=E ! ,SPANI% CONQUE/1 'PREHI/ORIC L& USE WAS NOT CONS]VATIONI/ 
9 PRACTICE1' WRITES ,K>L ,W4 ,BUTZ]1 BUT CAUS$ HI< RATES ( SOIL ]OSION4 
,9DE$1 ABORIG9AL F>M+ PRACTICES 'C\LD BE AS DAMAG+ AS ANY 
PRE-9DU/RIAL L&-USE 9 ! ,OLD ,WORLD4' .<#b#d.> ,O!R /UDIES HAVE %[N 
?AT =E/ OV]CLE>+ & ! FAILURE ( SUBSI/5CE AGRICULTURE 
UND]M9$ ,MAYAN SOCIETY & CONTRIBUT$ TO ITS COLLAPSE4 .<#b#e.> 

,WE WILL NEV] HAVE ANY WAY ( KN[+ :E!R ! LIFEWAYS ( TODAY'S 
=AG+ CULTURES ACCURATELY MIRROR ?OSE ( \R ANCE/RAL PA/4 ,NOT ONLY 
DID MOD]N ABORIG9AL CULTURES DEVELOP OV] ?\S&S ( YE>S1 BUT !Y 
W]E SIGNIFICANTLY ALT]$ BY ! DIFFUSION ( C\NTLESS TRAITS FROM O!R 
CULTURES BE=E !Y W]E /UDI$ BY ,WE/]N RESE>*]S4 ,9DE$1 AS 
,CLIF=D ,GE]TZ HAS OBS]V$ RA!R ACIDLY1 !RE IS LITTLE IF ANY?+ 
PRI/9E AB\T ! ABORIG9AL CULTURES ?AT MOD]N PRIMITIVI/S ASSOCIATE 
) E>LY HUMANITY4 ',! REALIZATION1 GRUDG+ & BELAT$1 ?AT .<! 
PRI/9E PRIMALITY ( EXI/+ ABORIG9ES.> IS NOT SO1 NOT EV5 ) ! 
,PYGMIES1 NOT EV5 ) ! ,ESKIMOS1' ,GE]TZ OBS]VES1 '& ?AT !SE PEOPLE 
>E 9 FACT PRODUCTS ( L>G]-SCALE PROCESSES ( SOCIAL *ANGE :I* HAVE 
MADE !M & CONT9UE TO MAKE !M :AT !Y >E -- HAS COME AS SOME?+ 
( A %OCK ?AT HAS 9DUC$ A VIRTUAL CRISIS 9 ! FIELD .<( E?NOGRAPHY.>4' 
.<#b#f.> ,SCORES ( 'PRIMAL' PEOPLES1 LIKE ! =E/S !Y 9HABIT$1 W]E NO 
MORE 'VIRG9AL' AT ,EUROPEAN CONTACT ?AN W]E ! ,LAKOTA ,9DIANS AT ! TIME 
( ! ,AM]ICAN ,CIVIL ,W>1 ,DANC+ ,) ,WOLVES TO ! CONTR>Y 
NOT)/&+4 ,MANY ( ! MU*-T\T$ 'PRIMAL' BELIEF-SY/EMS ( EXI/+ 
ABORIG9ES >E CLE>LY TRACEABLE TO ,*RI/IAN 9FLU5CES4 ,BLACK ,ELK1 = 
EXAMPLE1 WAS A ZEAL\S ,CA?OLIC1 .<#b#g.> :ILE ! LATE-N9ETE5?-C5TURY 
,<O/ ,DANCE ( ! ,PAIUTE & ,LAKOTA WAS PR(\NDLY 9FLU5C$ BY ,*RI/IAN 
EVANGELICAL MILL5N>IANISM4 

,9 S]I\S AN?ROPOLOGICAL RESE>*1 ! NOTION ( AN 'EC/ATIC1' PRI/9E 
HUNT] HAS NOT SURVIV$ ! ?IRTY YE>S ?AT HAVE PASS$ S9CE ! ',MAN ! 
,HUNT]' SYMPOSIUM4 ,MO/ ( ! 'AFFLU5T HUNT]' SOCIETIES CIT$ BY DEVOTEES 
( ! MY? ( 'PRIMITIVE AFFLU5CE' LIT]ALLY DEVOLV$ -- PROBABLY V]Y 
MU* AGA9/ !IR DESIRES -- FROM HORTICULTURAL SOCIAL SY/EMS4 ,! ,SAN 
PEOPLE ( ! ,KALAH>I >E N[ KN[N TO HAVE BE5 G>D5]S BE=E !Y W]E 
DRIV5 9TO ! DES]T4 ,SEV]AL HUNDR$ YE>S AGO1 ACCORD+ TO ,$W9 
,WILMS51 ,SAN-SPEAK+ PEOPLES W]E H]D+ & F>M+1 NOT TO SPEAK ( 
TRAD+ ) NEI<BOR+ AGRICULTURAL *IEFDOMS 9 A NETWORK ?AT EXT5D$ 
TO ! ,9DIAN ,OCEAN4 ,BY ! YE> #a1 EXCAVATIONS HAVE %[N1 !IR >EA1 
,DOBE1 WAS POPULAT$ BY PEOPLE :O MADE C]AMICS1 WORK$ ) IRON1 & 
H]D$ CATTLE1 EXPORT+ !M TO ,EUROPE BY ! #a#h#dS TOGE!R ) MASSIVE 
AM\NTS ( IVORY -- MU* ( IT FROM ELEPHANTS HUNT$ BY ! ,SAN PEOPLE 
!MSELVES1 :O D\BTLESS CONDUCT$ ?IS SLAU<T] ( !IR PA*YD]M 
'BRO!RS' ) ! GREAT S5SITIVITY ?AT ,Z]ZAN ATTRIBUTES TO !M4 ,! 
M>G9AL =AG+ LIFEWAYS ( ! ,SAN ?AT SO 5TRANC$ OBS]V]S 9 ! 
#a#i#fS W]E ACTUALLY ! RESULT ( ECONOMIC *ANGES 9 ! LATE N9ETE5? 
C5TURY1 :ILE '! REMOT5ESS IMAG9$ BY \TSIDE OBS]V]S 4 4 4 WAS NOT 
9DIG5\S BUT WAS CREAT$ BY ! COLLAPSE ( M]CANTILE CAPITAL4' .<#b#h.> 
,?US1 '! CURR5T /ATUS ( ,SAN-SPEAK+ PEOPLES ON ! RURAL FR+E ( 
,AFRICAN ECONOMIES1' ,WILMS5 NOTES1 CAN BE ACC\NT$ = ONLY 9 T]MS ( ! SOCIAL POLICIES & ECONOMIES ( 
! COLONIAL ]A & ITS AFT]MA?4 ,!IR APPE>ANCE AS =AG]S IS A 
FUNCTION ( !IR RELEGATION TO AN UND]CLASS 9 ! PLAY+ \T ( 
HI/ORICAL PROCESSES ?AT BEGAN BE=E ! CURR5T MILL5NIUM & CULM9AT$ 
9 ! E>LY DECADES ( ?IS C5TURY4 .<#b#i.> 

,! ,YUQU' ( ! ,AMAZON1 TOO1 C\LD EASILY HAVE EPITOMIZ$ ! PRI/9E 
=AG+ SOCIETY EXTOLL$ 9 ! #a#i#fS4 ,UN/UDI$ BY ,EUROPEANS UNTIL ! 
#a#i#eS1 ?IS PEOPLE HAD A TOOL KIT ?AT CONSI/$ ( LITTLE MORE ?AN A BO> 
CLAW & B[-&->R[S3 ',9 ADDITION TO BE+ UNABLE TO PRODUCE FIRE1' 
WRITES ,ALLYN ,M4 ,/E>MAN1 :O /UDI$ !M1 '!Y HAD NO WAT]CRAFT1 NO 
DOME/IC ANIMALS 7NOT EV5 ! DOG71 NO /ONE1 NO RITUAL SPECIALI/S1 & 
ONLY A RUDIM5T>YCOSMOLOGY4 ,!Y LIV$ \T !IR LIVES AS NOMADS1 W&]+ 
! =E/S ( L[L& ,BOLIVIA 9 SE>* ( GAME & O!R FOODS PROVID$ BY 
!IR =AG+ SKILLS4' .<#c.> ,!Y GREW NO CROPS AT ALL & W]E UNFAMILI> 
) ! USE ( ! HOOK & L9E = FI%+4 

,YET F> FROM BE+ EGALIT>IAN1 ! ,YUQU' MA9TA9$ ! 9/ITUTION ( 
H]$IT>Y SLAV]Y1 DIVID+ !IR SOCIETY 9TO A PRIVILEG$ ELITE /RATUM 
& A SCORN$ LABOR+ SLAVE GR\P4 ,?IS FEATURE IS N[ REG>D$ AS A 
VE/IGE ( =M] HORTICULTURAL LIFEWAYS4 ,! ,YUQU'1 IT APPE>S1 W]E 
DESC5D$ FROM A SLAVE-HOLD+ PRE-,COLUMBIAN SOCIETY1 & 'OV] TIME1 !Y 
EXP]I5C$ DECULTURATION1 LOS+ MU* ( !IR CULTURAL H]ITAGE AS IT 
BECAME NECESS>Y TO REMA9 MOBILE & LIVE (F ! L&4 ,BUT :ILE MANY 
ELEM5TS ( !IR CULTURE MAY HAVE BE5 LO/1 O!RS W]E NOT4 ,SLAV]Y1 
EVID5TLY1 WAS ONE ( !SE4'.<#c#a.> 

,NOT ONLY HAS ! MY? ( ! 'PRI/9E' =AG] BE5 %ATT]$1 BUT ,RI*>D 
,LEE'S [N DATA ON ! CALORIC 9TAKE ( 'AFFLU5T' =AG]S HAVE BE5 
SIGNIFICANTLY *ALL5G$ BY ,WILMS5 & HIS ASSOCIATES4 .<#c#b.> 6,KUNG PEOPLE 
HAD AV]AGE LIFESPANS ( AB\T ?IRTY YE>S4 ,9FANT MORTALITY WAS HI<1 & 
ACCORD+ TO ,WILMS5 7PACE ,BRAD=D671 ! PEOPLE W]E SUBJECT TO DISEASE 
& HUNG] DUR+ LEAN SEASONS4 7,LEE HIMSELF HAS REVIS$ HIS VIEWS ON ?IS 
SCORE S9CE ! #a#i#fS47 

,CORRESPOND+LY1 ! LIVES ( \R E>LY ANCE/ORS W]E MO/ C]TA9LY 
ANY?+ BUT BLISSFUL4 ,9 FACT1 LIFE = !M WAS ACTUALLY QUITE H>%1 
G5]ALLY %ORT1 & MAT]IALLY V]Y DEM&+4 ,ANATOMICAL ASSAYS ( !IR 
LONGEVITY %[ ?AT AB\T HALF DI$ 9 *ILDHOOD OR BE=E ! AGE ( 
TW5TY1 & FEW LIV$ BEYOND !IR FIFTIE? YE>4 ,!Y W]E MORE LIKELY 
SCAV5G]S ?AN HUNT]-GA!R]S & W]E PROBABLY PREY = LEOP>DS & 
HY5AS4 .<#c#c.> 

,TO MEMB]S ( !IR [N B&S1 TRIBES1 OR CLANS1 PREHI/ORIC & LAT] 
=AG+ PEOPLES W]E NORMALLY COOP]ATIVE & PEACEFUL2 BUT T[>D MEMB]S 
( O!R B&S1 TRIBES1 OR CLANS1 !Y W]E (T5 W>LIKE1 EV5 SOMETIMES 
G5OCIDAL 9 !IR EF=TS TO DISPOSSESS !M & APPROPRIATE !IR L&4 
,?AT MO/ BLISS$-\T ( ANCE/RAL HUMANS 7IF WE >E TO BELIEVE ! 
PRIMITIVI/S71 ,HOMO ]ECTUS1 HAS LEFT BEH9D A BLEAK RECORD ( 9T]HUMAN 
SLAU<T]1 ACCORD+ TO DATA SUMM>IZ$ BY ,PAUL ,JANSS5S4 .<#c#d.> ,IT HAS BE5 
SUGGE/$ ?AT MANY 9DIVIDUALS 9 ,*9A & ,JAVA W]E KILL$ BY VOLCANIC 
]UPTIONS1 BUT ! LATT] EXPLANATIONS LOSES A GOOD DEAL ( PLAUSIBILITY 9 
! LI<T ( ! REMA9S ( =TY 9DIVIDUALS :OSE MORTALLY 9JUR$ HEADS 
W]E DECAPITAT$ -- 'H>DLY ! ACTION ( A VOLCANO1' ,COR9NE ,%E> ,WOOD 
OBS]VES DRYLY4 .<#c#e.> ,AS TO MOD]N =AG]S1 ! CONFLICTS BETWE5 ,NATIVE 
,AM]ICAN TRIBES >E TOO NUM]\S TO CITE AT ANY GREAT L5G? -- AS WITNESS 
! ,ANASAZI & !IR NEI<BORS 9 ! ,S\?WE/1 ! TRIBES ?AT W]E TO 
F9ALLY MAKE UP ! ,IROQUOIS ,CONF$]ACY 7! ,CONF$]ACY ITSELF WAS A 
MATT] ( SURVIVAL IF !Y W]E NOT TO ALL BUT EXT]M9ATE ONE ANO!R71 & 
! UNREL5T+ CONFLICT BETWE5 ,MOHAWKS & ,HURONS1 :I* L$ TO ! NE> 
EXT]M9ATION & FLI<T ( REMAN5T ,HURON COMMUNITIES4 

,IF ! 'DESIRES' ( PREHI/ORIC PEOPLES 'W]E EASILY MET1' AS ,BRAD=D 
ALLEGES1 IT WAS PRECISELY BECAUSE !IR MAT]IAL CONDITIONS ( LIFE -- & 
H5CE !IR DESIRES -- W]E V]Y SIMPLE 9DE$4 ,SU* MI<T BE EXPECT$ ( 
ANY LIFE-=M ?AT L>GELY ADAPTS RA!R ?AN 9NOVATES1 ?AT CON=MS TO 
ITS PREGIV5 HABITAT RA!R ?AN ALT]S IT TO MAKE ?AT HABITAT CON=M ) 
ITS [N WANTS4 ,TO BE SURE1 E>LY PEOPLES HAD A M>VEL\S UND]/&+ ( 
! HABITAT 9 :I* !Y LIV$2 !Y W]E1 AFT] ALL1 HI<LY 9TELLIG5T 
& IMAG9ATIVE BE+S4 ,YET !IR 'EC/ATIC' CULTURE WAS UNAVOIDABLY RIDDL$ 
NOT ONLY BY JOY & 'S++ 4 4 4 CELEBRAT+ 4 4 4 DREAM+1' BUT BY 
SUP]/ITION & EASILY 'MANIPULABLE FE>S4 

,NEI!R \R REMOTE ANCE/ORS NOR EXI/+ ABORIG9ES C\LD HAVE SURVIV$ IF 
!Y HELD ! '5*ANT$' ,DISNEYL& IDEAS IMPUT$ TO !M BY PRES5T-DAY 
PRIMITIVI/S4 ,C]TA9LY1 ,EUROPEANS (F]$ ABORIG9AL PEOPLES NO MAGNIFIC5T 
SOCIAL DISP5SATION4 ,QUITE TO ! CONTR>Y3 IMP]IALI/S SUBJECT$ NATIVE 
PEOPLES TO CRASS EXPLOITATION1 \TRI<T G5OCIDE1 DISEASES AGA9/ :I* 
!Y HAD NO IMMUNITY1 & %AMELESS PLUND]4 ,NO ANIMI/IC CONJURATIONS DID 
OR C\LD HAVE PREV5T$ ?IS ONSLAU<T1 AS AT ! TRAG$Y ( ,W\ND$ ,KNEE 9 
#a#h#i1 :]E ! MY? ( <O/ %IRTS IMPREGNABLE TO BULLETS WAS SO PA9FULLY 
BELI$4 

,:AT IS ( CRUCIAL IMPORTANCE IS ?AT ! REGRESSION TO PRIMITIVISM AMONG 
LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S D5IES ! MO/ SALI5T ATTRIBUTES ( HUMANITY AS A 
SPECIES & ! POT5TIALLY EMANCIPATORY ASPECTS ( ,EURO-,AM]ICAN 
CIVILIZATION4 ,HUMANS >E VA/LY DIFF]5T FROM O!R ANIMALS 9 ?AT !Y DO 
MORE ?AN M]ELY ADAPT TO ! WORLD >\ND !M2 !Y 9NOVATE & CREATE A 
NEW WORLD1 NOT ONLY TO DISCOV] !IR [N P[]S AS HUMAN BE+S BUT TO MAKE 
! WORLD >\ND !M MORE SUITABLE = !IR [N DEVELOPM5T1 BO? AS 
9DIVIDUALS & AS A SPECIES4 ,W>P$ AS ?IS CAPACITY IS BY ! PRES5T 
IRRATIONAL SOCIETY1 ! ABILITY TO *ANGE ! WORLD IS A NATURAL 5D[M5T1 
! PRODUCT ( HUMAN BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION -- NOT SIMPLY A PRODUCT ( 
TE*NOLOGY1 RATIONALITY1 & CIVILIZATION4 ,?AT PEOPLE :O CALL !MSELVES 
AN>*I/S %\LD ADVANCE A PRIMITIVISM ?AT V]GES ON ! ANIMALI/IC1 ) 
ITS B>ELY CONCEAL$ MESSAGE ( ADAPTIV5ESS & PASSIVITY1 SULLIES 
C5TURIES ( REVOLUTION>Y ?\<T1 IDEALS1 & PRACTICE1 9DE$ DEFAMES ! 
MEMORABLE EF=TS ( HUMANITY TO FREE ITSELF FROM P>O*IALISM1 MY/ICISM1 
& SUP]/ITION & *ANGE ! WORLD4 

,= LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S1 P>TICUL>LY ( ! ANTICIVILIZATIONAL & 
PRIMITIVI/IC G5RE1 HI/ORY ITSELF BECOMES A DEGRAD+ MONOLI? ?AT 
SWALL[S UP ALL DI/9CTIONS1 M$IATIONS1 PHASES ( DEVELOPM5T1 & SOCIAL 
SPECIFICITIES4 ,CAPITALISM & ITS CONTRADICTIONS >E R$UC$ TO EPIPH5OM5A 
( AN ALL-DEV\R+ CIVILIZATION & ITS TE*NOLOGICAL 'IMP]ATIVES' ?AT 
LACK NUANCE & DIFF]5TIATION4 ,HI/ORY1 9S(> AS WE CONCEIVE IT AS ! 
UNFOLD+ ( HUMANITY'S RATIONAL COMPON5T -- ITS DEVELOP+ POT5TIALITY 
= FRE$OM1 SELF-CONSCI\SNESS1 & COOP]ATION -- IS A COMPLEX ACC\NT ( 
! CULTIVATION ( HUMAN S5SIBILITIES1 9/ITUTIONS1 9TELLECTUALITY1 & 
KN[L$GE1 OR :AT WAS ONCE CALL$ '! $UCATION ( HUMANITY4' ,TO DEAL ) 
HI/ORY AS A /EADY ',FALL' FROM AN ANIMALI/IC 'AU!NTICITY1' AS ,Z]ZAN1 
,BRAD=D1 & !IR COMPATRIOTS DO 9 V>Y+ DEGREES 9 A FA%ION V]Y 
SIMIL> TO ?AT ( ,M>T9 ,HEIDEGG]1 IS TO IGNORE ! EXP&+ IDEALS ( 
FRE$OM1 9DIVIDUALITY1 & SELF-CONSCI\SNESS ?AT HAVE M>K$ EPO*S ( 
HUMAN DEVELOPM5T -- NOT TO SPEAK ( ! WID5+ SCOPE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y 
/RUGGLES TO A*IEVE !SE 5DS4 

,ANTICIVILIZATIONAL LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM IS M]ELY ONE ASPECT ( ! SOCIAL 
REGRESSION ?AT M>KS ! CLOS+ DECADES ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 ,JU/ AS 
CAPITALISM ?REAT5S TO UNRAVEL NATURAL HI/ORY BY BR++ IT BACK TO A 
SIMPL]1 LESS DIFF]5TIAT$ GEOLOGICAL & ZOOLOGICAL ]A1 SO 
ANTICIVILIZATIONAL LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM IS COMPLICIT ) CAPITALISM 9 
BR++ ! HUMAN SPIRIT & ITS HI/ORY BACK TO A LESS DEVELOP$1 LESS 
DET]M9ATE1 PRE'LAPS>IAN WORLD -- ! SUPPOS$LY '9NOC5T' 
PRETE*NOLOGICAL & PRECIVILIZATORY SOCIETY ?AT EXI/$ BE=E HUMANITY'S 
'FALL FROM GRACE4' ,LIKE ! ,LOTUS ,EAT]S 9 ,HOM]'S ,ODYSSEY1 HUMANS >E 
'AU!NTIC' :5 !Y LIVE 9 AN ET]NAL PRES5T1 )\T PA/ OR FUTURE -- 
UNTR\BL$ BY MEMORY OR IDEATION1 FREE ( TRADITION1 & UN*ALL5G$ BY 
BECOM+4 

,IRONICALLY1 ! WORLD IDEALIZ$ BY PRIMITIVI/S W\LD ACTUALLY PRECLUDE ! 
RADICAL 9DIVIDUALISM CELEBRAT$ BY ! 9DIVIDUALI/ HEIRS ( ,MAX ,/IRN]4 
,AL?\< CONTEMPOR>Y 'PRIMAL' COMMUNITIES HAVE PRODUC$ /RONGLY ET*$ 
9DIVIDUALS1 ! P[] ( CU/OM & ! HI< DEGREE ( GR\P SOLID>ITY 
IMPELL$ BY DEM&+ CONDITIONS ALL[ LITTLE LEEWAY = EXPANSIVELY 
9DIVIDUALI/IC BEHAVIOR1 ( ! K9D DEM&$ BY ,/IRN]ITE AN>*I/S :O 
CELEBRATE ! SUPREMACY ( ! EGO4 ,TODAY1 DABBL+ 9 PRIMITIVISM IS 
PRECISELY ! PRIVILEGE ( AFFLU5T URBANITES :O CAN AF=D TO TOY ) 
FANTASIES D5I$ NOT ONLY TO ! HUNGRY & POOR & TO ! 'NOMADS' :O BY 
NECESSITY 9HABIT URBAN /REETS BUT TO ! OV]WORK$ EMPLOY$4 ,MOD]N 
WORK+ WOM5 ) *ILDR5 C\LD H>DLY DO )\T WA%+ MA*9ES TO 
RELIEVE !M1 H[EV] M9IMALLY1 FROM !IR DAILY DOME/IC LABORS -- BE=E 
GO+ TO WORK TO E>N :AT IS (T5 ! GREAT] P>T ( !IR H\SEHOLDS' 
9COME4 ,IRONICALLY1 EV5 ! COLLECTIVE ?AT PRODUCES ,FIF? ,E/ATE F\ND IT 
C\LD NOT DO )\T A COMPUT] & WAS '=C$' TO PUR*ASE ONE -- ISSU+ 
! DIS+5U\S DISCLAIM]1 ',WE HATE IT6' .<#c#f.> ,D5\NC+ AN ADVANC$ 
TE*NOLOGY :ILE US+ IT TO G5]ATE ANTITE*NOLOGICAL LIT]ATURE IS NOT 
ONLY DIS+5U\S BUT HAS SANCTIMONI\S DIM5SIONS3 ,SU* 'HATR$' ( 
COMPUT]S SEEMS MORE LIKE ! BEL* ( ! PRIVILEG$1 :O1 HAV+ 
OV]/UFF$ !MSELVES ) DELICACIES1 EXTOLL ! VIRTUES ( POV]TY DUR+ 
,SUNDAY PRAY]S4 

,EVALUAT+ ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM 

,:AT /&S \T MO/ COMPELL+LY 9 TODAY'S LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM IS ITS 
APPETITE = IMM$IACY RA!R ?AN REFLECTION1 = A NAIVE ONE-TO-ONE 
RELATION%IP BETWE5 M9D & REALITY4 ,NOT ONLY DOES ?IS IMM$IACY IMMUNIZE 
LIB]T>IAN ?9K+ FROM DEM&S = NUANC$ & M$IAT$ REFLECTION2 IT 
PRECLUDES RATIONAL ANALYSIS &1 = ?AT MATT]1 RATIONALITY ITSELF4 
,CONSIGN+ HUMANITY TO ! NONTEMPORAL1 NONSPATIAL1 & NONHI/ORICAL -- A 
'PRIMAL' NOTION ( TEMPORALITY BAS$ ON ! 'ET]NAL' CYCLES ( ',NATURE' -- 
IT !REBY DIVE/S M9D ( ITS CREATIVE UNIQU5ESS & ITS FRE$OM TO 
9T]V5E 9TO ! NATURAL WORLD4 

,FROM ! /&PO9T ( PRIMITIVI/ LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM1 HUMAN BE+S >E AT 
!IR BE/ :5 !Y ADAPT TO NONHUMAN NATURE RA!R ?AN 9T]V5E 9 IT1 
OR :51 DIS5CUMB]$ ( REASON1 TE*NOLOGY1 CIVILIZATION1 & EV5 SPEE*1 
!Y LIVE 9 PLACID 'H>MONY' ) EXI/+ REALITY1 P]HAPS 5D[$ ) 
'NATURAL RI<TS1' 9 A VISC]AL & ESS5TIALLY M9DLESS 'EC/ATIC' 
CONDITION4 ,T4,A4,Z41 ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 ,AN>*Y3 ,A ,J\RNAL ( ,DESIRE ,>M$1 & 
LUMP5 'Z9ES' LIKE ,MI*AEL ,WILLIAM'S ,/IRN]ITE ,DEMOLITION ,D]BY -- ALL 
FOCUS ON AN UNM$IAT$1 AHI/ORICAL1 & ANTICIVILIZATORY 'PRIMALITY' FROM 
:I* WE HAVE 'FALL51' A /ATE ( P]FECTION & 'AU!NTICITY' 9 :I* WE 
W]E GUID$ V>I\SLY BY ! 'B\NDS ( NATURE1' 'NATURAL LAW1' OR \R 
DEV\R+ EGOS4 ,HI/ORY & CIVILIZATION CONSI/ ( NO?+ BUT A DESC5T 
9TO ! 9AU!NTICITY ( '9DU/RIAL SOCIETY4' 

,AS ,I HAVE ALREADY SUGGE/$1 ?IS MY?OS ( A 'FALL+ FROM AU!NTICITY' 
HAS ITS ROOTS 9 REACTION>Y ROMANTICISM1 MO/ REC5TLY 9 ! PHILOSOPHY ( 
,M>T9 ,HEIDEGG]1 :OSE V'LKIS* 'SPIRITUALISM1' LAT5T 9 ,BE+ & ,TIME1 
LAT] EM]G$ 9 HIS EXPLICITLY FASCI/ WORKS4 ,?IS VIEW N[ FE$S ON ! 
QUIETI/IC MY/ICISM ?AT AB\NDS 9 ! ANTIDEMOCRATIC WRIT+S ( ,RUDOLF 
,BAHRO1 ) ITS B>ELY DISGUIS$ APPEAL = 'SALVATION' BY A ',GRE5 ,ADOLF1' 
& 9 ! APOLITICAL QUE/ = ECOLOGICAL SPIRITUALISM & 
'SELF-FULFILLM5T' PROP\ND$ BY DEEP ECOLOGI/S4 

,9 ! 5D1 ! 9DIVIDUAL EGO BECOMES ! SUPREME TEMPLE ( REALITY1 
EXCLUD+ HI/ORY & BECOM+1 DEMOCRACY & RESPONSIBILITY4 ,9DE$1 LIV$ 
CONTACT ) SOCIETY AS SU* IS R5D]$ T5U\S BY A N>CISSISM SO 
ALL-EMBRAC+ ?AT IT %RIVELS CONSOCIATION TO AN 9FANTILIZ$ EGO ?AT IS 
LITTLE MORE ?AN A BUNDLE ( %RIEK+ DEM&S & CLAIMS = ITS [N 
SATISFACTIONS4 ,CIVILIZATION M]ELY OB/RUCTS ! EC/ATIC SELF-REALIZATION 
( ?IS EGO'S DESIRES1 REIFI$ AS ! ULTIMATE FULFILLM5T ( EMANCIPATION1 
AS ?\< EC/ASY & DESIRE W]E NOT PRODUCTS ( CULTIVATION & HI/ORICAL 
DEVELOPM5T1 BUT M]ELY 9NATE IMPULSES ?AT APPE> AB NOVO 9 A 
DESOCIALIZ$ WORLD4 

,LIKE ! PETTY-B\RGEOIS ,/IRN]ITE EGO1 PRIMITIVI/ LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM 
ALL[S NO ROOM = SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS1 POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS1 & RADICAL 
PROGRAMS1 /ILL LESS A PUBLIC SPH]E1 :I* ALL ! WRIT]S WE HAVE EXAM9$ 
AUTOMATICALLY ID5TIFY ) /ATECRAFT4 ,! SPORADIC1 ! UNSY/EMATIC1 ! 
9COH]5T1 ! DISCONT9U\S1 & ! 9TUITIVE SUPPLANT ! CONSI/5T1 
PURPOSIVE1 ORGANIZ$1 & RATIONAL1 9DE$ ANY =M ( SU/A9$ & FOCUS$ 
ACTIVITY AP>T FROM PUBLI%+ A 'Z9E' OR PAMPHLET -- OR BURN+ A G>BAGE 
CAN4 ,IMAG9ATION IS C\NT]POS$ TO REASON & DESIRE TO !ORETICAL 
COH]5CE1 AS ?\< ! TWO W]E 9 RADICAL CONTRADICTION TO EA* O!R4 
,GOYA'S ADMONITION ?AT IMAG9ATION )\T REASON PRODUCES MON/]S IS 
ALT]$ TO LEAVE ! IMPRESSION ?AT IMAG9ATION FL\RI%ES ON AN UNM$IAT$ 
EXP]I5CE ) AN UNNUANC$ 'ON5ESS4' ,?US IS SOCIAL NATURE ESS5TIALLY 
DISSOLV$ 9TO BIOLOGICAL NATURE2 9NOVATIVE HUMANITY1 9TO ADAPTIVE 
ANIMALITY2 TEMPORALITY1 9TO PRECIVILIZATORY ET]NALITY2 HI/ORY1 9TO AN 
>*AIC CYCLICITY4 

,A B\RGEOIS REALITY :OSE ECONOMIC H>%NESS GR[S />K] & CRASS] ) 
EV]Y PASS+ DAY IS %REWDLY MUTAT$ BY LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM 9TO 
CON/ELLATIONS ( SELF-9DULG5CE1 9*OAT5ESS1 9DISCIPL9E1 & 
9COH]5CE4 ,9 ! #a#i#fS1 ! ,SITUATIONI/S1 9 ! NAME ( A '!ORY ( 
! SPECTACLE1' 9 FACT PRODUC$ A REIFI$ SPECTACLE ( ! !ORY1 BUT !Y 
AT LEA/ (F]$ ORGANIZATIONAL CORRECTIVES1 SU* AS WORK]S' C\NCILS1 ?AT 
GAVE !IR ES!TICISM SOME BALLA/4 ,LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM1 BY ASSAIL+ 
ORGANIZATION1 PROGRAMMATIC COMMITM5T1 & S]I\S SOCIAL ANALYSIS1 APES ! 
WOR/ ASPECTS ( ,SITUATIONI/ ES!TICISM )\T ADH]+ TO ! PROJECT 
( BUILD+ A MOVEM5T4 ,AS ! DETRITUS ( ! #a#i#fS1 IT W&]S AIMLESSLY 
)9 ! B\NDS ( ! EGO 7R5AM$ BY ,Z]ZAN ! 'B\NDS ( NATURE'7 & 
MAKES A VIRTUE ( BOHEMIAN 9COH]5CE4 

,:AT IS MO/ TR\BL+ IS ?AT ! SELF-9DULG5T ES!TIC VAG>IES ( 
LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM SIGNIFICANTLY ]ODE ! SOCIALI/ CORE ( A 
LEFT-LIB]T>IAN IDEOLOGY ?AT ONCE C\LD CLAIM SOCIAL RELEVANCE & WEI<T 
PRECISELY = ITS UNCOMPROMIS+ COMMITM5T TO EMANCIPATION -- NOT \TSIDE 
( HI/ORY1 9 ! REALM ( ! SUBJECTIVE1 BUT )9 HI/ORY1 9 ! REALM 
( ! OBJECTIVE4 ,! GREAT CRY ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL -- :I* 
AN>*O-SYNDICALISM & AN>*OCOMMUNISM RETA9$ AFT] ,M>X & HIS 
SUPPORT]S AB&ON$ IT -- WAS ! DEM&3 ',NO RI<TS )\T DUTIES1 NO 
DUTIES )\T RI<TS4' ,= G5]ATIONS1 ?IS SLOGAN ADORN$ ! MAS!ADS 
( :AT WE MU/ N[ RETROSPECTIVELY CALL SOCIAL AN>*I/ P]IODICALS4 
,TODAY1 IT /&S RADICALLY AT ODDS ) ! BASICALLY EGOC5TRIC DEM& = 
'DESIRE >M$1' & ) ,TAOI/ CONTEMPLATION & ,BUDDHI/ NIRVANAS4 ,:]E 
SOCIAL AN>*ISM CALL$ UPON PEOPLE TO RISE 9 REVOLUTION & SEEK ! 
RECON/RUCTION ( SOCIETY1 ! IRATE PETTY B\RGEOIS :O POPULATE ! 
SUBCULTURAL WORLD ( LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM CALL = EPISODIC REBELLION & ! 
SATISFACTION ( !IR 'DESIR+ MA*9ES1' TO USE ! PHRASEOLOGY ( ,DELEUZE 
& ,GUATT>I4 

,! /EADY RETREAT FROM ! HI/ORIC COMMITM5T ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM TO 
SOCIAL /RUGGLE 7)\T :I* SELF-REALIZATION & ! FULFILLM5T ( 
DESIRE 9 ALL ITS DIM5SIONS1 NOT M]ELY ! 9/9CTIVE1 CANNOT BE 
A*IEV$7 IS 9EVITABLY ACCOMPANI$ BY A DISA/R\S MY/IFICATION ( 
EXP]I5CE & REALITY4 ,! EGO1 ID5TIFI$ ALMO/ FETI%I/ICALLY AS ! 
LOCUS ( EMANCIPATION1 TURNS \T TO BE ID5TICAL TO ! 'SOV]EIGN 
9DIVIDUAL' ( LAISSEZ-FAIRE 9DIVIDUALISM4 ,DETA*$ FROM ITS SOCIAL 
MOOR+S1 IT A*IEVES NOT AUTONOMY BUT ! HET]ONOM\S 'SELFHOOD' ( 
PETTY-B\RGEOIS 5T]PRISE4 

,9DE$1 F> FROM BE+ FREE1 ! EGO 9 ITS SOV]EIGN SELFHOOD IS B\ND H& 
& FOOT TO ! SEEM+LY ANONYM\S LAWS ( ! M>KETPLACE -- ! LAWS ( 
COMPETITION & EXPLOITATION -- :I* R5D] ! MY? ( 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM 
9TO ANO!R FETI% CONCEAL+ ! IMPLACABLE LAWS ( CAPITAL ACCUMULATION4 

,LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM1 9 EFFECT1 TURNS \T TO BE AN ADDITIONAL MY/IFY+ 
B\RGEOIS DECEPTION4 ,ITS ACOLYTES >E NO MORE 'AUTONOM\S' ?AN ! 
MOVEM5TS ( ! /OCK M>KET1 ?AN PRICE FLUCTUATIONS & ! MUNDANE FACTS 
( B\RGEOIS COMM]CE4 ,ALL CLAIMS TO AUTONOMY NOT)/&+1 ?IS 
MIDDLE-CLASS 'REBEL1' ) OR )\T A BRICK 9 H&1 IS 5TIRELY CAPTIVE 
TO ! SUBT]RANEAN M>KET =CES ?AT OCCUPY ALL ! ALLEG$LY 'FREE' 
T]RA9S ( MOD]N SOCIAL LIFE1 FROM FOOD COOP]ATIVES TO RURAL COMMUNES4 

,CAPITALISM SWIRLS >\ND US -- NOT ONLY MAT]IALLY BUT CULTURALLY4 ,AS ,JOHN 
,Z]ZAN SO MEMORABLY PUT IT TO A PUZZL$ 9T]VIEW] :O ASK$ AB\T ! 
TELEVISION SET 9 ! HOME ( ?IS FOE ( TE*NOLOGY3 ',LIKE ALL O!R 
PEOPLE1 ,I HAVE TO BE N>COTIZ$4'.<#c#g.> 

,?AT LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM ITSELF IS A 'N>COTIZ+' SELF-DECEPTION CAN BE/ 
BE SE5 9 ,MAX ,/IRN]'S ,! ,EGO & ,HIS ,[N1 :]E ! EGO'S CLAIM TO 
'UNIQU5ESS' 9 ! TEMPLE ( ! SACROSANCT 'SELF' F> \TRANKS ,JOHN ,/U>T 
,MILL'S LIB]AL PIETIES4 ,9DE$1 ) ,/IRN]1 EGOISM BECOMES A MATT] ( 
EPI/EMOLOGY4 ,CUTT+ ?R\< ! MAZE ( CONTRADICTIONS & WOEFULLY 
9COMPLETE /ATEM5TS ?AT FILL ,! ,EGO & ,HIS ,[N1 ONE F9DS ,/IRN]'S 
'UNIQUE' EGO TO BE A MY? BECAUSE ITS ROOTS LIE 9 ITS SEEM+ 'O!R' -- 
SOCIETY ITSELF4 ,9DE$3 ',TRU? CANNOT /EP =W>D AS Y\ DO1' ,/IRN] 
ADDRESSES ! EGOI/1 'CANNOT MOVE1 *ANGE1 DEVELOP2 TRU? AWAITS & 
RECRUITS EV]Y?+ FROM Y\1 & ITSELF IS ONLY ?R\< Y\2 = IT EXI/S 
ONLY -- 9 Y\R HEAD4'.<#c#h.> ,! ,/IRN]ITE EGOI/1 9 EFFECT1 BIDS F>EWELL 
TO OBJECTIVE REALITY1 TO ! FACTICITY ( ! SOCIAL1 & !REBY TO 
FUNDAM5TAL SOCIAL *ANGE & ALL E?ICAL CRIT]IA & IDEALS BEYOND 
P]SONAL SATISFACTION AMID ! HIDD5 DEMONS ( ! B\RGEOIS M>KETPLACE4 
,?IS ABS5CE ( M$IATION SUBV]TS ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( ! CONCRETE1 NOT 
TO SPEAK ( ! AU?ORITY ( ! ,/IRN]ITE EGO ITSELF -- A CLAIM SO 
ALL-5COMPASS+ AS TO EXCLUDE ! SOCIAL ROOTS ( ! SELF & ITS 
=MATION 9 HI/ORY4 

,NIETZS*E1 QUITE 9DEP5D5TLY ( ,/IRN]1 C>RI$ ?IS VIEW ( TRU? TO ITS 
LOGICAL CONCLUSION BY ]AS+ ! FACTICITY & REALITY ( TRU? AS SU*3 
',:AT1 !N1 IS TRU?8' HE ASK$4 ',A MOBILE >MY ( METAPHORS1 METONYMS1 & 
AN?ROPOMORPHISMS -- 9 %ORT1 A SUM ( HUMAN RELATIONS1 :I* HAVE BE5 
5HANC$1 TRANSPOS$1 & EMBELLI%$ POETICALLY & RHETORICALLY4' .<#c#i.> 
,) MORE =?RI<TNESS ?AN ,/IRN]1 ,NIETZS*E CONT5D$ ?AT FACTS >E 
SIMPLY 9T]PRETATIONS2 9DE$1 HE ASK$1 'IS IT NECESS>Y TO POSIT AN 
9T]PRET] BEH9D ! 9T]PRETATIONS8' ,APP>5TLY NOT1 = 'EV5 ?IS IS 
9V5TION1 HYPO!SIS4' .<#d.> ,FOLL[+ ,NIETZS*E'S UNREL5T+ LOGIC1 WE >E 
LEFT ) A SELF ?AT NOT ONLY ESS5TIALLY CREATES IT [N REALITY BUT ALSO 
MU/ JU/IFY ITS [N EXI/5CE AS MORE ?AN A M]E 9T]PRETATION4 ,SU* 
EGOISM ?US ANNIHILATES ! EGO ITSELF1 :I* VANI%ES 9TO ! MI/ ( 
,/IRN]'S [N UN/AT$ PREMISES4 

,SIMIL>LY DIVE/$ ( HI/ORY1 SOCIETY1 & FACTICITY BEYOND ITS [N 
'METAPHORS1' LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM LIVES 9 AN ASOCIAL DOMA9 9 :I* ! 
EGO1 ) ITS CRYPTIC DESIRES1 MU/ EVAPORATE 9TO LOGICAL AB/RACTIONS4 ,BUT 
R$UC+ ! EGO TO 9TUITIVE IMM$IACY -- AN*OR+ IT 9 M]E ANIMALITY1 
9 ! 'B\NDS ( NATURE1' OR 9 'NATURAL LAW' -- W\LD AM\NT TO IGNOR+ 
! FACT ?AT ! EGO IS ! PRODUCT ( AN EV]-=MATIVE HI/ORY1 9DE$1 A 
HI/ORY ?AT1 IF IT IS TO CONSI/ ( MORE ?AN M]E EPISODES1 MU/ AVAIL 
ITSELF ( REASON AS A GUIDE TO /&>DS ( PROGRESS & REGRESS1 NECESSITY 
& FRE$OM1 GOOD & EVIL1 & -- YES6 -- CIVILIZATION & B>B>ISM4 
,9DE$1 AN AN>*ISM ?AT SEEKS TO AVOID ! %OALS ( %E] SOLIPSISM ON 
! ONE H& & ! LOSS ( ! 'SELF' AS A M]E '9T]PRETATION' ONE ! 
O!R MU/ BECOME EXPLICITLY SOCIALI/ OR COLLECTIVI/4 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 IT 
MU/ BE A SOCIAL AN>*ISM ?AT SEEKS FRE$OM ?R\< /RUCTURE & MUTUAL 
RESPONSIBILITY1 NOT ?R\< A VAPOR\S1 NOMADIC EGO ?AT ES*EWS ! 
PRECONDITIONS = SOCIAL LIFE4 

,/AT$ BLUNTLY3 ,BETWE5 ! SOCIALI/ P$IGREE ( AN>*O-SYNDICALISM & 
AN>*OCOMMUNISM 7:I* HAVE NEV] D5I$ ! IMPORTANCE ( SELF-REALIZATION 
& ! FULFILLM5T ( DESIRE71 & ! BASICALLY LIB]AL1 9DIVIDUALI/IC 
P$IGREE ( LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM 7:I* FO/]S SOCIAL 9EFFECTUALITY1 IF NOT 
\TRI<T SOCIAL NEGATION71 !RE EXITS A DIVIDE ?AT CANNOT BE BRIDG$ 
UNLESS WE COMPLETELY DISREG>D ! PR(\NDLY DIFF]5T GOALS1 ME?ODS1 & 
UND]LY+ PHILOSOPHY ?AT DI/+UI% !M4 ,/IRN]'S [N PROJECT1 9 FACT1 
EM]G$ 9 A DEBATE ) ! SOCIALISM ( ,WILHELM ,WEITL+ & ,MOSES ,HESS1 
:]E HE 9VOK$ EGOISM PRECISELY TO C\NT]POSE TO SOCIALISM4 ',P]SONAL 
9SURRECTION RA!R ?AN G5]AL REVOLUTION WAS .<,/IRN]'S.> MESSAGE1' ,JAMES 
,J4 ,M>T9 ADMIR+LY OBS]VES .<#d#a.> -- A C\NT]POSITION ?AT LIVES ON TODAY 
9 LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM & ITS YUPPIE FILIATIONS1 AS DI/+UI%$ FROM 
SOCIAL AN>*ISM ) ITS ROOTS 9 HI/ORICISM1 ! SOCIAL MATRIX ( 
9DIVIDUALITY1 & ITS COMMITM5T TO A RATIONAL SOCIETY4 

,! V]Y 9CONGRUITY ( !SE ESS5TIALLY MIX$ MESSAGES1 :I* COEXI/ ON 
EV]Y PAGE ( ! LIFE/YLE 'Z9ES1' REFLECTS ! FEV]I% VOICE ( ! 
SQUIRM+ PETTY B\RGEOIS4 ,IF AN>*ISM LOSES ITS SOCIALI/ CORE & 
COLLECTIVI/ GOAL1 IF IT DRIFTS (F 9TO ES!TICISM1 EC/ASY1 & DESIRE1 
&1 9CONGRU\SLY1 9TO ,TAOI/ QUIETISM & ,BUDDHI/ SELF-EFFACEM5T AS A 
SUB/ITUTE = A LIB]T>IAN PROGRAM1 POLITICS1 & ORGANIZATION1 IT WILL 
COME TO REPRES5T NOT SOCIAL REG5]ATION & A REVOLUTION>Y VISION BUT 
SOCIAL DECAY & A PETULANT EGOI/IC REBELLION4 ,WORSE1 IT WILL FE$ ! WAVE 
( MY/ICISM ?AT IS ALREADY SWEEP+ AFFLU5T MEMB]S ( ! G5]ATION N[ 
9 !IR TE5S & TW5TIES4 ,LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM'S EXALTATION ( EC/ASY1 
C]TA9LY LAUDABLE 9 A RADICAL SOCIAL MATRIX BUT H]E UNABA%$LY 
9T]M+L$ ) 'SORC]Y1' IS PRODUC+ A DREAMLIKE ABSORPTION ) 
SPIRITS1 <O/S1 & ,JUNGIAN >*ETYPES RA!R ?AN A RATIONAL & 
DIALECTICAL AW>5ESS ( ! WORLD4 

,*>ACT]I/ICALLY1 ! COV] ( A REC5T ISSUE ( ,ALT]NATIVE ,PRESS ,REVIEW 
7,FALL #a#i#i#d71 A WIDELY READ ,AM]ICAN F]AL AN>*I/ P]IODICAL1 IS ADORN$ 
) A ?REE-HEAD$ ,BUDDHI/ DEITY 9 S]5E NIRVANIC REPOSE1 AGA9/ A 
PRESUMABLY COSMIC BACKGR\ND ( SWIRL+ GALAXIES & ,NEW ,AGE P>APH]NALIA 
-- AN IMAGE ?AT C\LD EASILY JO9 ,FIF? ,E/ATE'S ',AN>*Y' PO/] 9 A ,NEW 
,AGE B\TIQUE4 ,9SIDE !COV]1 A GRAPHIC CRIES \T3 ',LIFE ,CAN ,BE ,MAGIC ,:5 
,WE ,/>T TO ,BREAK ,FREE' 7! ,A 9 ,MAGIC IS CIRCL$7 -- TO :I* ONE IS 
OBLIG$ TO ASK3 ,H[8 ,) :AT8 ,! MAGAZ9E ITSELF CONTA9S A DEEP ECOLOGY 
ESSAY BY ,GL5N ,P>TON 7DRAWN FROM ,DAVID ,=EMAN'S P]IODICAL ,WILD ,E>?7 
TITL$3 ',! ,WILD ,SELF3 ,:Y ,I ,AM A ,PRIMITIVI/1' EXTOLL+ 'PRIMITIVE 
PEOPLES' :OSE 'WAY ( LIFE FITS 9TO ! PRE-GIV5 NATURAL WORLD1' 
LAM5T+ ! ,NEOLI?IC REVOLUTION1 & ID5TIFY+ \R 'PRIM>Y TASK' AS 
BE+ TO ''UNBUILD' \R CIVILIZATION1 & RE/ORE WILD]NESS4' ,! 
MAGAZ9E'S >TWORK CELEBRATES VULG>ITY -- HUMAN SKULLS & IMAGES ( RU9S 
>E V]Y MU* 9 EVID5CE4 ,ITS L5G?IE/ CONTRIBUTION1 ',DECAD5CE1' 
REPR9T$ FROM ,BLACK ,EYE1 MELDS ! ROMANTIC ) ! LUMP51 EXULTANTLY 
CONCLUD+3 ',IT'S TIME = A REAL ,ROMAN HOLIDAY1 SO BR+ ON ! 
B>B>IANS6' 

,ALAS1 ! B>B>IANS >E ALREADY H]E -- & ! ',ROMAN HOLIDAY' 9 TODAY'S 
,AM]ICAN CITIES FL\RI%ES ON CRACK1 ?UGG]Y1 9S5SITIVITY1 /UPIDITY1 
PRIMITIVISM1 ANTICIVILIZATIONISM1 ANTIRATIONALISM1 & A SIZABLE DOSE ( 
'AN>*Y' CONCEIV$ AS *AOS4 ,LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM MU/ BE SE5 9 ! 
PRES5T SOCIAL CONTEXT NOT ONLY ( DEMORALIZ$ BLACK <ETTOES & 
REACTION>Y :ITE SUBURBS BUT EV5 ( ,9DIAN RES]VATIONS1 ?OSE O/5SIBLE 
C5T]S ( 'PRIMALITY1' 9 :I* GANGS ( ,9DIAN Y\?S N[ %OOT AT ONE 
ANO!R1 DRUG DEAL+ IS RAMPANT1 & 'GANG GRAFFITI GREETS VISITORS EV5 AT 
! SACR$ ,W9D[ ,ROCK MONUM5T1' AS ,SE? ,MYDANS REPORTS 9 ,! ,NEW ,YORK 
,TIMES 7,M>* #c1 #a#i#i#e74 

,?US1 A WIDESPREAD CULTURAL DECAY HAS FOLL[$ ! DEG5]ATION ( ! #a#i#fS 
,NEW ,LEFT 9TO PO/MOD]NISM & ( ITS C\NT]'CULTURE 9TO ,NEW ,AGE 
SPIRITUALISM4 ,= TIMID LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S1 ,HALL[E5 >TWORK & 
9C5DI>Y >TICLES PU% HOPE & AN UND]/&+ ( REALITY 9TO ! 
EV]-REC$+ DI/ANCE4 ,TORN BY ! LURES ( 'CULTURAL T]RORISM' & 
,BUDDHI/ A%RAMS1 LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S 9 FACT F9D !MSELVES 9 A 
CROSSFIRE BETWE5 ! B>B>IANS AT ! TOP ( SOCIETY 9 ,WALL ,/REET & 
! ,CITY1 & ?OSE AT ITS BOTTOM1 9 ! DISMAL URBAN <ETTOES ( 
,EURO-,AM]ICA4 ,ALAS1 ! CONFLICT 9 :I* !Y F9D !MSELVES1 = ALL 
!IR CELEBRATIONS ( LUMP5 LIFEWAYS 7TO :I* CORPORATE B>B>IANS >E NO 
/RANG]S !SE DAYS7 HAS LESS TO DO ) ! NE$ TO CREATE A FREE SOCIETY 
?AN ) A BRUTAL W> OV] :O IS TO %>E 9 ! 9 ! AVAILABLE SPOILS 
FROM ! SALE ( DRUGS1 HUMAN BODIES1 EXORBITANT LOANS -- & LET US NOT 
=GET JUNK BONDS & 9T]NATIONAL CURR5CIES4 

,A RETURN TO M]E ANIMALITY -- OR %ALL WE CALL IT 'DECIVILIZATION'8 -- IS A 
RETURN NOT TO FRE$OM BUT TO 9/9CT1 TO ! DOMA9 ( 'AU!NTICITY' ?AT 
IS GUID$ MORE BY G5ES ?AN BY BRA9S4 ,NO?+ C\LD BE FUR!R FROM ! 
IDEALS ( FRE$OM SPELL$ \T 9 EV]-EXPANSIVE =MS BY ! GREAT 
REVOLUTIONS ( ! PA/4 ,& NO?+ C\LD BE MORE UNREL5T+ 9 ITS %E] 
OB$I5CE TO BIO*EMICAL IMP]ATIVES SU* AS ,D,N,A OR MORE 9 CONTRA/ TO ! 
CREATIVITY1 E?ICS1 & MUTUALITY OP5$ BY CULTURE & /RUGGLES = A 
RATIONAL CIVILIZATION4 ,!RE IS NO FRE$OM 9 'WILDNESS' IF1 BY %E] 
F]ALITY1 WE MEAN ! DICTATES ( 9BORN BEHAVIORAL PATT]NS ?AT %APE M]E 
ANIMALITY4 ,TO MALIGN CIVILIZATION )\T DUE RECOGNITION ( ITS 5ORM\S 
POT5TIALITIES = SELF-CONSCI\S FRE$OM -- A FRE$OM CONF]R$ BY REASON 
AS WELL AS EMOTION1 BY 9SI<T AS WELL AS DESIRE1 BY PROSE AS WELL AS POETRY 
-- IS TO RETREAT BACK 9TO ! %AD[Y WORLD ( BRUTI%NESS1 :5 ?\<T 
WAS DIM & 9TELLECTUATION WAS ONLY AN EVOLUTION>Y PROMISE4 

,T[>D A ,DEMOCRATIC ,COMMUNALISM 

,MY PICTURE ( LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM IS F> FROM COMPLETE2 ! P]SONALI/IC 
?RU/ ( ?IS IDEOLOGICAL CLAY ALL[S IT TO BE MOLD$ 9 MANY =MS 
PROVID$ ?AT WORDS LIKE IMAG9ATION1 SACR$1 9TUITIVE1 EC/ASY1 & PRIMAL 
EMBELLI% ITS SURFACE4 

,SOCIAL AN>*ISM1 9 MY VIEW1 IS MADE ( FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T /UFF1 HEIR 
TO ! ,5LI<T5M5T TRADITION1 ) DUE REG>D TO ?AT TRADITION'S LIMITS 
& 9COMPLET5ESS4 ,DEP5D+ UPON H[ IT DEF9ES REASON1 SOCIAL AN>*ISM 
CELEBRATES ! ?9K+ HUMAN M9D )\T 9 ANY WAY D5Y+ PASSION1 
EC/ASY1 IMAG9ATION1 PLAY1 & >T4 ,YET RA!R ?AN REIFY !M 9TO HAZY 
CATEGORIES1 IT TRIES TO 9CORPORATE !M 9TO EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,IT IS COMMITT$ 
TO RATIONALITY :ILE OPPOS+ ! RATIONALIZATION ( EXP]I5CE2 TO 
TE*NOLOGY1 :ILE OPPOS+ ! 'MEGAMA*9E'2 TO SOCIAL 
9/ITUTIONALIZATION1 :ILE OPPOS+ CLASS RULE & HI]>*Y2 TO A G5U9E 
POLITICS BAS$ ON ! CONF$]AL COORD9ATION ( MUNICIPALITIES OR COMMUNES 
BY ! PEOPLE 9 DIRECT FACE-TO-FACE DEMOCRACY1 :ILE OPPOS+ 
P>LIAM5T>ISM & ! /ATE4 

,?IS ',COMMUNE ( COMMUNES1' TO USE A TRADITIONAL SLOGAN ( E>LI] 
REVOLUTIONS1 CAN BE APPROPRIATELY DESIGNAT$ AS ,COMMUNALISM4 ,OPPON5TS ( 
DEMOCRACY AS 'RULE' TO ! CONTR>Y NOT)/&+1 IT DESCRIBES ! 
DEMOCRATIC DIM5SION ( AN>*ISM AS A MAJORIT>IAN ADM9I/RATION ( ! 
PUBLIC SPH]E4 ,ACCORD+LY1 ,COMMUNALISM SEEKS FRE$OM RA!R ?AN AUTONOMY 
9 ! S5SE ?AT ,I HAVE C\NT]POS$ !M4 ,IT %>PLY BREAKS ) ! 
PSY*O-P]SONAL ,/IRN]ITE1 LIB]AL1 & BOHEMIAN EGO AS A SELF-CONTA9$ 
SOV]EIGN BY ASS]T+ ?AT 9DIVIDUALITY DOES NOT EM]GE AB NOVO1 DRESS$ 
AT BIR? 9 'NATURAL RI<TS1' BUT SEES 9DIVIDUALITY 9 GREAT P>T AS ! 
EV]-*ANG+ WORK ( HI/ORICAL & SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T1 A PROCESS ( 
SELF-=MATION ?AT CAN BE NEI!R PETRIFI$ BY BIOLOGISM NOR >RE/$ BY 
TEMPORALLY LIMIT$ DOGMAS4 

,! SOV]EIGN1 SELF-SUFFICI5T '9DIVIDUAL' HAS ALWAYS BE5 A PREC>I\S 
BASIS UPON :I* TO AN*OR A LEFT LIB]T>IAN \TLOOK4 ,AS ,MAX ,HORKHEIM] 
ONCE OBS]V$1 '9DIVIDUALITY IS IMPAIR$ :5 EA* MAN DECIDES TO F5D = 
HIMSELF4 4 4 4 ,! ABSOLUTELY ISOLAT$ 9DIVIDUAL HAS ALWAYS BE5 AN 
ILLUSION4 ,! MO/ E/EEM$ P]SONAL QUALITIES1 SU* AS 9DEP5D5CE1 WILL 
TO FRE$OM1 SYMPA?Y1 & ! S5SE ( JU/ICE1 >E SOCIAL AS WELL AS 
9DIVIDUAL VIRTUES4 ,! FULLY DEVELOP$ 9DIVIDUAL IS ! CONSUMMATION ( A 
FULLY DEVELOP$ SOCIETY4'.<#d#b.> 

,IF A LEFT-LIB]T>IAN VISION ( A FUTURE SOCIETY IS NOT TO DISAPPE> 9 A 
BOHEMIAN & LUMP5 DEMIMONDE1 IT MU/ (F] A RESOLUTION TO SOCIAL 
PROBLEMS1 NOT FLIT >ROGANTLY FROM SLOGAN TO SLOGAN1 %IELD+ ITSELF FROM 
RATIONALITY ) BAD POETRY & VULG> GRAPHICS4 ,DEMOCRACY IS NOT 
ANTI!TICAL TO AN>*ISM2 NOR >E MAJORITY RULE & NONCONS5SUAL DECISIONS 
9COMM5SURABLE ) A LIB]T>IAN SOCIETY4 

,?AT NO SOCIETY CAN EXI/ )\T 9/ITUTIONAL /RUCTURES IS TRANSP>5TLY 
CLE> TO ANYONE :O HAS NOT BE5 /UPEFI$ BY ,/IRN] & HIS K9D4 ,BY 
D5Y+ 9/ITUTIONS & DEMOCRACY1 LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM 9SULATES ITSELF 
FROM SOCIAL REALITY1 SO ?AT IT CAN FUME ALL ! MORE ) FUTILE RAGE1 
!REBY REMA9+ A SUBCULTURAL CAP] = GULLIBLE Y\? & BOR$ CONSUM]S 
( BLACK G>M5TS & EC/ASY PO/]S4 ,TO >GUE ?AT DEMOCRACY & AN>*ISM 
>E 9COMPATIBLE BECAUSE ANY IMP$IM5T TO ! WI%ES ( EV5 'A M9ORITY ( 
ONE' CON/ITUTES A VIOLATION ( P]SONAL AUTONOMY IS TO ADVOCATE NOT A FREE 
SOCIETY BUT ,BR[N'S 'COLLECTION ( 9DIVIDUALS' -- 9 %ORT1 A H]D4 ,NO 
LONG] W\LD 'IMAG9ATION' COME TO 'P[]4' ,P[]1 :I* ALWAYS EXI/S1 WILL 
BELONG EI!R TO ! COLLECTIVE 9 A FACE-TO-FACE & CLE>LY 
9/ITUTIONALIZ$ DEMOCRACY1 OR TO ! EGOS ( A FEW OLIG>*S :O WILL 
PRODUCE A 'TYRANNY ( /RUCTURELESSNESS4' 

,NOT UNJU/IFIABLY1 ,KROPOTK91 9 HIS ,5CYCLOP$IA ,BRITANNICA >TICLE1 
REG>D$ ! ,/IRN]ITE EGO AS ELITI/ & DEPRECAT$ IT AS HI]>*ICAL4 
,APPROV+LY1 HE CIT$ ,V4 ,BAS*'S CRITICISM ( ,/IRN]'S 9DIVIDUAL AN>*ISM 
AS A =M ( ELITISM1 MA9TA9+ '?AT ! AIM ( ALL SUP]IOR CIVILIZATION 
IS1 NOT TO P]MIT ALL MEMB]S ( ! COMMUNITY TO DEVELOP 9 A NORMAL WAY1 
BUT TO P]MIT C]TA9 BETT] 5D[$ 9DIVIDUALS 'FULLY TO DEVELOP1' EV5 AT 
! CO/ ( ! HAPP9ESS & ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( ! MASS ( MANK9D4' ,9 
AN>*ISM1 ?IS PRODUCES1 9 EFFECT1 A REGRESSION T[>D ! MO/ COMMON 
9DIVIDUALISM1 ADVOCAT$ BY ALL ! W\LD-BE SUP]IOR M9ORITIES TO :I* 
9DE$ MAN [ES 9 HIS HI/ORY PRECISELY ! ,/ATE & ! RE/1 :I* !SE 
9DIVIDUALI/S COMBAT4 ,!IR 9DIVIDUALISM GOES SO F> AS TO 5D 9 A 
NEGATION ( !IR [N />T+-PO9T -- TO SAY NO?+ ( ! IMPOSSIBILITY 
( ! 9DIVIDUAL TO ATTA9 A REALLY FULL DEVELOPM5T 9 ! CONDITIONS ( 
OPPRESSION ( ! MASSES BY ! 'BEAUTIFUL >I/OCRACIES4'.<#d#c.> 

,9 ITS AMORALISM1 ?IS ELITISM EASILY L5DS ITSELF TO ! UNFRE$OM ( ! 
'MASSES' BY ULTIMATELY PLAC+ !M 9 ! CU/ODY ( ! 'UNIQUE ONES1' A 
LOGIC ?AT MAY YIELD A LEAD]%IP PR9CIPLE *>ACT]I/IC ( FASCI/ 
IDEOLOGY4.<#d#d.> 

,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & MU* ( ,EUROPE1 PRECISELY AT A TIME :5 MASS 
DISILLUSIONM5T ) ! /ATE HAS REA*$ UNPREC$5T$ PROPORTIONS1 
AN>*ISM IS 9 RETREAT4 ,DISSATISFACTION ) GOV]NM5T AS SU* RUNS HI< 
ON BO? SIDES ( ! ,ATLANTIC -- & SELDOM 9 REC5T MEMORY HAS !RE BE5 
A MORE COMPELL+ POPUL> S5TIM5T = A NEW POLITICS1 EV5 A NEW SOCIAL 
DISP5SATION ?AT CAN GIVE TO PEOPLE A S5SE ( DIRECTION ?AT ALL[S = 
SECURITY & E?ICAL MEAN+4 ,IF ! FAILURE ( AN>*ISM TO ADDRESS ?IS 
SITUATION CAN BE ATTRIBUT$ TO ANY S+LE S\RCE1 ! 9SUL>ITY ( 
LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM & ITS 9DIVIDUALI/IC UND]P9N+S MU/ BE S+L$ 
\T = ABORT+ ! 5TRY ( A POT5TIAL LEFT-LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T 9TO AN 
EV]-CONTRACT+ PUBLIC SPH]E4 

,TO ITS CR$IT1 AN>*OSYNDICALISM 9 ITS HEYDAY TRI$ TO 5GAGE 9 A LIV+ 
PRACTICE & CREATE AN ORGANIZ$ MOVEM5T -- SO ALI5 TO LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM 
-- )9 ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,ITS MAJOR PROBLEMS LAY NOT 9 ITS DESIRE = 
/RUCTURE & 9VOLVEM5T1 = PROGRAM & SOCIAL MOBILIZATION1 BUT 9 ! 
WAN+ ( ! WORK+ CLASS AS A REVOLUTION>Y SUBJECT1 P>TICUL>LY AFT] 
! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION4 ,TO SAY ?AT AN>*ISM LACK$ A POLITICS1 H[EV]1 
CONCEIV$ 9 ITS ORIG9AL ,GREEK MEAN+ AS ! SELF-MANAGEM5T ( ! 
COMMUNITY -- ! HI/ORIC ',COMMUNE ( COMMUNES' -- IS TO REPUDIATE A 
HI/ORIC & TRANS=MATIVE PRACTICE ?AT SEEKS TO RADICALIZE ! DEMOCRACY 
9H]5T 9 ANY REPUBLIC & TO CREATE A MUNICIPALI/ CONF$]AL P[] TO 
C\NT]VAIL ! /ATE4 

,! MO/ CREATIVE FEATURE ( TRADITIONAL AN>*ISM IS ITS COMMITM5T TO F\R 
BASIC T5ETS3 A CONF$]ATION ( DEC5TRALIZ$ MUNICIPALITIES2 AN UNWAV]+ 
OPPOSITION TO /ATISM2 A BELIEF 9 DIRECT DEMOCRACY2 & A VISION ( A 
LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 ,! MO/ IMPORTANT ISSUE ?AT 
LEFT-LIB]T>IANISM -- LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM NO LESS ?AN AN>*ISM -- FACES 
TODAY IS3 ,:AT WILL IT DO ) !SE F\R P[]FUL T5ETS8 ,H[ WILL WE GIVE 
!M SOCIAL =M & CONT5T8 ,9 :AT WAYS & BY :AT MEANS WILL WE R5D] 
!M RELEVANT TO \R TIME & BR+ !M TO ! S]VICE ( AN ORGANIZ$ 
POPUL> MOVEM5T = EMP[]M5T & FRE$OM8 

,AN>*ISM MU/ NOT BE DISSIPAT$ 9 SELF-9DULG5T BEHAVIOR LIKE ?AT ( ! 
PRIMITIVI/IC ,ADAMITES ( ! SIXTE5? C5TURY1 :O 'W&]$ ?R\< ! 
WOODS NAK$1 S++ & DANC+1' AS ,K5NE? ,REXRO? CONTEMPTU\SLY 
OBS]V$1 SP5D+ '!IR TIME 9 A CONT9U\S SEXUAL ORGY' UNTIL !Y W]E 
HUNT$ D[N BY ,JAN ,ZIZKA & EXT]M9AT$ -- MU* TO ! RELIEF ( A 
DISGU/$ PEASANTRY1 :OSE L&S !Y HAD PLUND]$4 .<#d#e.> ,IT MU/ NOT 
RETREAT 9TO ! PRIMITIVI/IC DEMIMONDE ( ! ,JOHN ,Z]ZANS & ,GEORGE 
,BRAD=DS4 ,I W\LD BE ! LA/ TO CONT5D ?AT AN>*I/S %\LD NOT LIVE 
!IR AN>*ISM AS MU* AS POSSIBLE ON A DAY-TO-DAY BASIS -- P]SONALLY AS 
WELL AS SOCIALLY1 ES!TICALLY AS WELL AS PRAGMATICALLY4 ,BUT !Y %\LD 
NOT LIVE AN AN>*ISM ?AT DIM9I%ES1 9DE$ EFFACES ! MO/ IMPORTANT 
FEATURES ?AT HAVE DI/+UI%$ AN>*ISM1 AS A MOVEM5T1 PRACTICE1 & 
PROGRAM1 FROM /ATI/ SOCIALISM4 ,AN>*ISM TODAY MU/ RESOLUTELY RETA9 ITS 
*>ACT] AS A SOCIAL MOVEM5T -- A PROGRAMMATIC AS WELL AS ACTIVI/ SOCIAL 
MOVEM5T -- A MOVEM5T ?AT MELDS ITS EMBATTL$ VISION ( A LIB]T>IAN 
COMMUNI/ SOCIETY ) ITS =?RI<T CRITIQUE ( CAPITALISM1 UNOBSCUR$ BY 
NAMES LIKE '9DU/RIAL SOCIETY4' 

,9 %ORT1 SOCIAL AN>*ISM MU/ RESOLUTELY AFFIRM ITS DIFF]5CES ) 
LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM4 ,IF A SOCIAL AN>*I/ MOVEM5T CANNOT TRANSLATE ITS 
F\RFOLD T5ETS -- MUNICIPAL CONF$]ALISM1 OPPOSITION TO /ATISM1 DIRECT 
DEMOCRACY1 & ULTIMATELY LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM -- 9TO A LIV$ PRACTICE 9 
A NEW PUBLIC SPH]E2 IF !SE T5ETS LANGUI% LIKE ITS MEMORIES ( PA/ 
/RUGGLES 9 C]EMONIAL PRON\NCEM5TS & MEET+S2 WORSE /ILL1 IF !Y 
>E SUBV]T$ BY ! 'LIB]T>IAN' ,EC/ASY ,9DU/RY & BY QUIETI/IC ,ASIAN 
!ISMS1 !N ITS REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/IC CORE WILL HAVE TO BE RE/OR$ 
UND] A NEW NAME4 

,C]TA9LY1 IT IS ALREADY NO LONG] POSSIBLE1 9 MY VIEW1 TO CALL ONESELF AN 
AN>*I/ )\T ADD+ A QUALIFY+ ADJECTIVE TO DI/+UI% ONESELF FROM 
LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S4 ,M9IMALLY1 SOCIAL AN>*ISM IS RADICALLY AT ODDS ) 
AN>*ISM FOCUS$ ON LIFE/YLE1 NEO-,SITUATIONI/ PEANS TO EC/ASY1 & ! 
SOV]EIGNTY ( ! EV]-%RIVEL+ PETTY-B\RGEOIS EGO4 ,! TWO DIV]GE 
COMPLETELY 9 !IR DEF9+ PR9CIPLES -- SOCIALISM OR 9DIVIDUALISM4 
,BETWE5 A COMMITT$ REVOLUTION>Y BODY ( IDEAS & PRACTICE1 ON ! ONE 
H&1 & A VAGRANT YE>N+ = PRIVATI/IC EC/ASY & SELF-REALIZATION ON 
! O!R1 !RE CAN BE NO COMMONALITY4 ,M]E OPPOSITION TO ! /ATE MAY 
WELL UNITE FASCI/IC LUMP5S ) ,/IRN]ITE LUMP5S1 A PH5OM5ON ?AT IS 
NOT )\T ITS HI/ORICAL PREC$5TS4 

-- ,JUNE #a1 #aiie 

,NOTES 

#a4 ,! ,POLITICAL ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,BAKUN91 ,G4 ,P4 ,MAXIM(F $ITOR 7,GL5COE1 
,ILL43 ,FREE ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#c71 P4 #a#d#d4 

#b4 ,POLITICAL ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,BAKUN91 P4 #a#e#h4 

#c4 ,PET] ,KROPOTK91 ',AN>*ISM1' ! ,5CYCLOP$IA ,BRITANNICA >TICLE1 9 
,KROPOTK9'S ,REVOLUTION>Y ,PAMPHLETS1 $4 ,ROG] ,N4 ,BALDW9 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,DOV] 
,PUBLICATIONS1 #a#i#g71 PP4 #b#h#e-#h#g4 

#d4 ,KAT9KA ,MATSON1 ',PREFACE1' ,! ,PSY*OLOGY ,TODAY ,OMNIBOOK ( ,P]SONAL 
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#d#a4 ,JAMES ,J4 ,M>T91 $ITOR'S 9TRODUCTION TO ,/IRN]1 ,EGO & ,HIS ,[N1 P4 
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