,SMALL IS NOT BEAUTIFUL 
,WORK+ AT ! ,SAN ,FRANCISCO ,BAY ,GU>DIAN 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,TOM ,WETZEL 

,TEXT 3 

,IT'S #i3 ,FRIDAY NI<T4 ,! LA/ /RAGGL]S FROM ! $ITORIAL DEP>TM5T HAVE DEP>T$4 ,! O!R TYPESETT] & ,I HAVE ! ,BAY ,GU>DIAN BUILD+ TO \RSELVES4 ,TWO PILES ( MANILA FOLD]S SIT ON ! TYPESETT+ MA*9E1 TO MY LEFT4 ,!Y CONTA9 ! ORD] SLIPS = CLASSIFI$ ADS4 ,ONE PILE GRADUALLY DW9DLES AS ! FOLD]S >E MOV$ TO ! O!R PILE1 M>K+ MY PROGRESS4 ,! MA*9E OCCASIONALLY CLANKS AS IT *ANGES TYPE /YLE OR SIZE4 

0,LOVE IS FRI5D%IP CAU<T FIRE60 APPE>S AT ! TOP ( ! VIDEO SCRE54 ,AH1 YES4 ,TIRE RELATION%IPS SECTION4 ,?IS1 ! FATTE/ ( ! FILE FOLD]S1 %\LD KEEP MY F+]S BUSY = ! RE/ ( MY #i-#a-H\R-LONG %IFT4 ,:5 ,I FIR/ BEGAN TYPESETT+ ! CLASSIFI$S1 ,I F\ND ! RELATION%IPS SECTION SORT ( POIGNANT4 0,ALL ?OSE PEOPLE \T !RE LOOK+ TO CONNECT ) SOMEBODY40 ,I ?\<T AB\T ! C>E SOME PEOPLE TAKE 9 *OOS+ JU/ ! RI<T WORDS4 ,BUT AS ! ,FRIDAY NI<TS CAME & W5T1 ,I SOON BECAME JAD$ & ! WORDS SLIPP$ ?R\< MY F+]S 9 A BLUR4 ,! ,SAN ,FRANCISCO ,BAY ,GU>DIAN WAS F\ND$ BY ,BRUCE ,BRUGMANN & HIS WIFE1 ,JEAN ,DIBBLE1 9 #a#i#f#f4 ,UNLIKE O!R ALT]NATIVE PAP]S ( ?AT ]A1 SU* AS ! ,B]KELEY ,B>B & ! ,L4,A4 ,FREE ,PRESS1 ! ,B,G WASN'T C\NT]CULTURAL4 ,NOR DID IT FOLL[ ! POLITICAL CURR5TS ( ! '#fS ,NEW ,LEFT1 AS DID ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>DIAN 9 ,NEW ,YORK4 ,BRUGMANN'S J\RNALI/IC BACKGR\ND WAS 9 ! COMM]CIAL DAILIES4 

,NONE!LESS1 ! ,BAY ,GU>DIAN HAS ALWAYS HAD POLITICAL PRET5SIONS1 & ITS PAGES UPHOLD V>I\S LEFTI/ CAUSES-5VIRONM5TAL PROTECTION1 ABORTION RI<TS1 R5T CONTROL1 UNIONS1 ANTI-,MANHATTANIZATION--& EXPOSE MONOPOLI/IC ABUSES4 ,TO ! ,B,G 0POLITICS0 IS PRIM>ILY A MATT] ( ELECTIONS1 &1 ?US1 ( ! POLITICIANS :O CONTROL ! TOP-D[N MA*9]Y ( ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T4 ,! PAP] HAS BE5 SUPPORTIVE ( SU* GR\PS AS ,DEMOCRATIC ,SOCIALI/S ( ,AM]ICA1 ,B]KELEY ,CITIZ5S ,ACTION1 & ,TOM ,HAYD5'S N[-DEFUNCT ,CAMPAIGN = ,ECONOMIC ,DEMOCRACY4 ,9 #aiga ! ,BAY ,GU>DIAN WAS 0A *RONICALLY /RUGGL+ BUS9ESS10 WRITES ,JAMES ,BRICE1 0) A SP>E #a#g1 SUBSCRIB]S PAY+ = ! F\R ISSUES IT MANAG$ TO PUBLI%0 ?AT YE>4 ,DIBBLE & ,BRUGMANN HOP$ ! PAP] C\LD MAKE MONEY1 SAYS ,BRICE1 0IF IT W5T WEEKLY0 BUT !Y LACK$ ! NECESS>Y CAPITAL4 ,IRONICALLY1 !Y GOT IT FROM !IR >* RIVALS ! BIG DAILIES4 

,LIKE A NUMB] ( O!R PAP]S 9 ! ,BAY ,>EA1 ! ,B,G HAD FIL$ AN ANTITRU/ SUIT 9 ! LATE #f'S AGA9/ ! TWO REMA9+ DAILIES 9 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO1 ! ,HE>/-[N$ ,EXAM9] & ! ,*RONICLE4 ,! TWO DAILIES HAD M]G$ !IR ADV]TIS+ & PRODUCTION OP]ATIONS1 AN ACTION AU?ORIZ$ BY ! ,NEWSPAP] ,PRES]VATION ,ACT ( #a#i#f#e1 :I* GRANT$ A SPECIAL ANTITRU/ EXEMPTION TO DAILY NEWSPAP]S4 ,9 ,MAY #a#i#g#e1 ,BRUGMANN & ,DIBBLE DROPP$ !IR LAWSUIT 9 EX*ANGE = AN \T ( C\RT SETTLEM5T ( @s#e14 7,! LAWY]S GOT AB\T @s#b147 ,?IS WAS A RA!R %REWD MOVE AS ! PAP]S ?AT PURSU$ ! LAWSUIT TO ! 5D 7SU* AS ! ,PACIFIC ,SUN7 EV5TUALLY LO/4 ,:5 ! ,B,G BECAME A FREE WEEKLY 9 ! LATE '#gS1 ! L>G] CIRCULATION & WEEKLY S*$ULE 5ABL$ ! PAP] TO CAPTURE A GR[+ %>E ( ! ,BAY ,>EA ADV]TIS+ M>KET4 ,AL?\< ADV]TIS+ BY ! MAJOR LOCAL RETAIL]S 7,MACY'S1 ,EMPORIUM ,CAPWELL1 ETC47 REMA9S SAFELY 9 ! POCKET ( ! BIG DAILIES1 ! ,B,G'S 9CREAS$ CIRCULATION MADE IT ATTRACTIVE TO NATIONAL ADV]TIZ]S1 & ! FULL-PAGE ADS = CIG>ETTES & LIQUOR CONTRIBUT$ CONSID]ABLY TO ,B,G REV5UE4 ,! PAP] MADE ITS FIR/ PR(IT 9 FISCAL #a#i#h#b4 ,FROM ,JANU>Y #aihb TO ,JANU>Y #aihe ! PAP]'S CLASSIFI$ AD L9EAGE 9CREAS$ FROM #b C5TS TO #f C5TS1 ?IS MEANS ! PAP]'S CLASSIFI$ AD REV5UE 9CREAS$ BY APPROXIMATELY #d#i#e.04 ,& 9 #aiha MANAGEM5T 9CREAS$ ! PR9T-RUN ( ITS 5T]TA9M5T SECTION TO #a1 COPIES1 & !N JACK$ UP ! RATES = 5T]TA9M5T ADV]TIS+4 

,! ,B,G'S CRAV5 RELIANCE ON BUS9ESS ADV]TIS+ NECESS>ILY %APES ITS $ITORIAL DIRECTION4 ,! PACKET DI/RIBUT$ TO POT5TIAL ADV]TIZ]S C&IDLY ADMITS ?IS3 ',! ,GU>DIAN TAILORS ITS $ITORIAL MAT]IAL TO 7AN7 AUDI5CE0 ( #b#d-TO-#c#f-YE>-OLD 0SELF-9VOLV$ CONSUM]S4 0,E,X,P,O,S,E ,Y,\,R,S,E,L,F6 TO #a#h1 HOT Y\NG PR(ESSIONALS ) MONEY TO BURN40 ,C]TA9 ISSUES EA* YE> W]E PLANN$ \T 9 ADVANCE SO AS TO APPEAL TO SPECIFIC SEGM5TS ( ! BUS9ESS COMMUNITY 7CONSUM] ELECTRONICS1 W9E1 ETC47 

,DESPITE ! ,B,G'S NEW-F\ND PR(ITABILITY & EV]-GR[+ PRODUCTION PRESSURES1 WAGES REMA9$ L[4 ,9 #aihb PRODUCTION >TI/S & PRO(READ]S W]E PAID AB\T @s#e4#e P] H\R4 ,BY #aihe ! RATE HAD 9*$ UP FROM @s#f4 TO @s#f4#e4 ,TYPESETT]S W]E PAID @s#e4#e :5 ,I WAS HIR$ 9 #a#i#h#b2 TODAY ! />T+ RATE IS @s#g4#e4 ,PAY = CL]ICAL & SALES /AFF 9 ,CLASSIFI$ WAS APPROXIMATELY ! SAME4 ,IT WAS CONSID]$ A ,PRIVILEGE TO WORK 9 ,$ITORIAL BUT PAY 9 ?AT DEP>TM5T WAS1 IF ANY?+1 EV5 L[]4 ,$ITORIAL /AFF IS PAID A SAL>Y1 :I* 5ABLES ! ,B,G TO AVOID OV]TIME PAY4 ,AT ! 5D ( #a#i#h#a1 ! COPY $ITOR WAS MAK+ ! EQUIVAL5T ( @s#f4#e AN H\R1 :ILE SOME $ITORIAL /AFF]S W]E PAID EV5 LESS4 ,E>LY 9 #a#i#h#e1 ! WOMAN HIR$ TO COMPILE ! WEEKLY 5T]TA9M5T LI/+S HAD BE5 ASSUR$ A F\R-DAY WEEK = @s#a#e4 ,BUT %E F\ND ?AT ! JOB REQUIR$ A #d-H\R WEEK1 & %E DECID$ TO HAVE A *AT ) ,ALAN ,KAY1 ! MANAG+ $ITOR4 0,AM ,I GO+ TO GET PAID = ,FRIDAYS80 %E ASK$4 ,ALAN PUT HIS HEAD 9 HIS H&S1 !N LOOK$ UP AT H]4 0,H[ AB\T A RE/AURANT MEAL80 HE ASK$ PLA9TIVELY4 ,H] PAY AM\NT$ TO LESS ?AN @s#d P] H\R4 

,5,T,] ,D,I,/,R,I,C,T #fe 

,I WAS HIR$ 9 #aihb T[>DS ! 5D ( A YE>-LONG EF=T TO ORGANIZE ! /AFF 9TO ,DI/RICT #f#e4 ,DI/RICT #f#e1 A UNION ( TEXTILE & DRY GOODS :OLESALE WORK]S ORIG9ALLY F\ND$ BY ,COMMUNI/S 9 ! '#cS1 HAS ORGANIZ$ PUBLI%+ 9DU/RY WORK]S 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY 9 REC5T YE>S4 ,H]E 9 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO1 ,DI/RICT #f#e1 N[ AFFILIAT$ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,AUTO ,WORK]S 7,U,A,W71 IS ! UNION ( ! ,MO!R ,JONES /AFF4 ,L[ PAY & LACK ( ANY SAY 9 DECISIONS SEEM$ TO BE ! TWO MA9 >EAS ( CONC]N AMONG ,B,G WORK]S4 ,:5 MANAGEM5T LE>N$ ?AT MEMB]S ( ! /AFF W]E TRY+ TO P]SUADE C[ORK]S TO JO9 A UNION1 A MEET+ WAS CALL$4 ,BRUGMANN RANT$ AB\T H[ UNIONS W\LD MEAN 0\TSIDE CONTROL0 ( ! PAP]4 ,ON ! ISSUE ( L[ PAY1 MANAGEM5T PLEAD$ POV]TY4 ,MEMB]S ( ! /AFF RESPOND$ BY ASK+ :AT SAL>IES MANAGEM5T W]E GETT+4 ,IF ! PAP]'S F9ANCES >E LIMIT$1 A NUMB] ( /AFF]S ?\<T1 !N MANAGEM5T SAL>IES %\LD BE R$UC$ TO ALL[ RAISES = ! L[E/ PAID4 ,BUT ,B,G MANAGEM5T REFUS$ TO TELL US H[ MU* MONEY MANAG]S W]E TAK+ \T ( ! PAP]4 

,AB\T ?IS TIME A MEET+ ) A REPRES5TATIVE ( ,DI/RICT #fe WAS HELD = ,B,G WORK]S4 ,! ISSUES ( ! PAP]'S $ITORIAL DIRECTION & ITS 9CREAS+ SUBS]VI5CE TO ADV]TIZ]S W]E RAIS$1 ALONG ) ! IDEA ( L[]+ MANAGEM5T SAL>IES SO AS TO RAISE WORK]S' PAY4 0,UNIONS CAN'T TAKE ON ISSUES ( $ITORIAL CONT5T1 OR ASK ?AT MANAG]S' SAL>IES BE L[]$10 ,DIBBLE ASS]T$4 ,:AT %E WAS GETT+ AT IS ?AT ! ,NATIONAL ,LABOR ,RELATIONS ,BO>D 7,N,L,R,B7 & C\RTS CANNOT REQUIRE EMPLOY]S TO NEGOTIATE !SE ISSUES4 ,BUT JU/ BECAUSE ! GOV]NM5T WON'T COMPEL AN EMPLOY] TO NEGOTIATE CONTE/$ ISSUES DOESN'T MEAN UNIONS CAN'T RAISE !M4 ,A WORK]S' ORGANIZATION CAN TRY TO FI<T = ANY?+ IT WANTS TO4 ,:AT WORK]S CAN A*IEVE ULTIMATELY DEP5DS UPON ! P[] !Y CAN BR+ TO BE> ON ! SITUATION4 ,?IS IS AFFECT$ BY SU* FACTORS AS 9T]NAL COHESION AMONG ! WORK]S & SUPPORT 9 ! COMMUNITY4 ,?IS IS TRUE EV5 = ISSUES ?AT EMPLOY]S >E NOM9ALLY REQUIR$ BY LAW TO NEGOTIATE1 SU* AS WAGES1 H\RS & B5EFITS4 ,! GOV]NM5T CAN'T BE C\NT$ ON TO SUPPORT WORK]S' DEM&S4 

,SOME MEMB]S ( ! ,B,G /AFF W]E DISSATISFI$ ) ,DI/RICT #f#e'S RA!R N>R[1 LEGALI/IC APPROA*4 ,:AT WAS NE$$ WAS AN 9DEP5D5T ORGANIZATION1 SOME ( US ?\<T1 AN ORGANIZATION ?AT WE C\LD CONTROL DIRECTLY4 ,AN 9DEP5D5T GR\P DID CONT9UE = A :ILE1 BUT EV5TUALLY /OPP$ MEET+4 ,NONE!LESS1 A PATT]N ( SOLID>ITY & MUTUAL CONSULTATION HAD BE5 E/ABLI%$ & CONT9U$ 9=MALLY4 

,! ,/,R,I,K,E ,9 #aigf 

,AS ! ,DI/RICT #fe ORGANIZ+ DRIVE FIZZL$ \T1 AB\T A DOZ5 PEOPLE QUIT4 ,?IS WAS NOT ! FIR/ ,B,G UNIONIZATION ATTEMPT4 ,! FIR/ SU* EF=T L$ TO AN ,N,L,R,B VOTE 9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#g#e1 :I* C]TIFI$ ! ,BAY ,>EA ,TYPOGRAPHICAL ,UNION 7,I,T,U7 & ! ,NEWSPAP] ,GUILD AS ! RECOGNIZ$ UNIONS AT ! PAP]4 ,/AFF PAY HAD BE5 V]Y L[ 9 ! E>LY '#gS--BASE RATES !N RANG$ FROM @s#b4#e TO @s#c4#g#e P] H\R4 ,B5EFITS W]E NONEXI/5T4 ,A LONG-/&+ GRAFFITO 9 ! EMPLOYES' LAVATORY HAD ! WORDS 0,GU>DIAN HEAL? PLAN0 9K$ 9 L>GE LETT]S1 ) AN >R[ PO9T+ TO A DRAW+ ( A BOOK4 ,! BOOK WAS 5TITL$ 0,HOLY ,BIBLE40 

,9 ITS E>LY DAYS ! PAP] HAD AN 9=MAL ATMOSPH]E & L9ES ( AU?ORITY W]E RA!R VAGUE--NOT UNUSUAL AT SMALL 0/>TUP0 COMPANIES4 ,!N CAME ! @s#c1 FROM ! ANTI-TRU/ SETTLEM5T4 0,! DEA?LY POOR NEWSPAP] ?AT HAD %>$ ITS POV]TY ) ITS BEGG>LY /AFF N[ SEEM$ RI*LY 5D[$10 WRITES ,JAMES ,BRICE4 70,A LOOK BACK AT ! /RIKE NOBODY WON0 ,M$IAFILE1 ,JUNE1 #a#i#g#c7 ,BUT DECISIONS AB\T :AT TO DO ) ! MONEY W]E QUICKLY MADE BY ?OSE AT ! TOP1 BE=E /AFF]S HAD A *ANCE TO HAVE ANY SAY OV] :AT %\LD BE DONE ) IT4 ,MONEY WAS P\R$ 9TO NEW TYPESETT+ EQUIPM5T & A D[N-PAYM5T ON A BUILD+4 0,! SETTLEM5T MADE US FEEL MORE LEFT \T ( ! DECISION-MAK+ PROCESS10 RECALL$ ,KATY ,BUTL] 7N[ A ,*RONICLE REPORT]74 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! *ANGE TO A WEEKLY S*$ULE MEANT 9CREAS$ PRODUCTION PRESSURES4 ,?\< /AFF]S W]E CONC]N$ AB\T ! L[ WAGES & LACK ( B5EFITS OR JOB SECURITY1 !SE ISSUES W]E 0SECOND>Y TO JOB SATISFACTION & WORK] P>TICIPATION 9 DECISION-MAK+10 ACCORD+ TO ,BRICE4 0,A UNION SEEM$ TO BE A SURE WAY TO GA9 LEV]AGE40 ,H5CE ! VOTE = ! ,I,T,U & ,NEWSPAP] ,GUILD4 

,AFT] SIX MON?S ( TABLE-P\ND+ NEGOTIATIONS1 ! ,UNION R$UC$ ITS DEM& TO #be C5TS P] H\R ACROSS-!-BO>D4 ,EMPLOYES ALSO WANT$ ONE WEEK NOTICE ( T]M9ATION1 AN AGRE$ GRIEVANCE PROC$URE1 LIMIT$ SICK PAY1 & PAY = OV]TIME4 ,BUT ! ,B,G REFUS$ !SE DEM&S1 & 9 ,JUNE ( '#g#f1 #ba EMPLOYES1 BO? FULL-TIME & P>T TIME WALK$ \T4 ,! BITT] /RIKE--M>K$ BY V&ALISM & SABOTAGE--DRAGG$ ON = EI<T MON?S4 ,REC5TLY1 ,BRUCE ,BRUGMANN HAS DESCRIB$ ?IS /RUGGLE AS AN ATTEMPT BY 0! UNIONS FROM ! LOCAL NEWSPAP] MONOPOLY444TO IMPOSE !IR /&>D CONTRACT ON A /RUGGL+1 COMPETITIVE1 9DEP5D5T SMALL BUS9ESS 0"9 7,BILL ,M&EL'S COLUMN1 ,S,F ,EXAM9]1 ,OCT4 #b#i1 #a#i#h#f74 ,! CONC]NS ( ! WORK]S ?US DISAPPE>1 !Y BECOME NON-5TITIES4 ,FUNNY H[ HE WAS NO LESS OPPOS$1 9 #aihb TO ,DI/RICT #f#e1 :I* HAS NO CONTRACTS AT ! 0MONOPOLY0 DAILIES4 

,9,=,M,A,L ,S,O,L,I,D,>,I,T,Y 

,9=MAL SOLID>ITY1 AS ,I M5TION$1 HAD CONT9U$ TO EXI/ 9 ! WAKE ( ! ,DI/RICT #fe ORGANIZ+ DRIVE EV5 ?\< NO ONGO+ ORGANIZATION HAD GOTT5 5TR5*$ AT ! ,B,G4 ,?IS WAS NECESS>Y TO DEAL ) ! ,B,G'S >BITR>Y MANAGEM5T PRACTICES4 ,AN 9CID5T 9 #aihd ILLU/RATES ?IS4 ,! ,B,G ADV]TISES ITS JOB OP5+S 9 ! CLASSIFI$ SECTION ( ! PAP] EA* WEEK4 ,! ,B,G ,EMPLOYEE ,MANUAL /ATES ?AT NOTICE ( OP5+S MU/ BE PO/$ & CURR5T EMPLOYES GIV5 PREF]5CE4 ,H[EV]1 :ILE TYPESETT+ ! ,B,G JOB ADS ONE WEEK1 ! TYPESETT]S CAME ACROSS AN ADV]TISEM5T = AN AD DESIGN]4 ,BUT ! ,B,G ALREADY HAD AN AD DESIGN]1 A ,JAPANESE IMMIGRANT :O HAD DONE ! JOB = A NUMB] ( YE>S4 ,MANAGEM5T HAD TRI$ TO DEMOTE HIM A C\PLE ( YE>S BE=E1 BUT !N BACK$ D[N04 ,ANYWAY1 A GR\P ( >TI/S & TYPESETT]S PROTE/$ ! RUNN+ ( ?IS AD1 BUT \R BOSS DISCLAIM$ RESPONSIBILITY = ?IS VIOLATION ( WRITT5 POLICY & PA/ GU>ANTEES4 ,SOME TIME ?AT WEEK5D ! JOB AD DISAPPE>$ FROM ! CLASSIFI$ PAGE FLATS & ! AD WAS ]AS$ FROM COMPUT] DISK4 

,B,G MANAGEM5T W]E NOT V]Y HAPPY AB\T ?IS SABOTAGE1 WE HE>D1 & RUMORS ( FIR+S W]E 9 ! AIR4 0,IF !Y FIRE ANYONE1 WE %\LD ALL GO ON /RIKE10 ONE WOMAN REM>K$ TO ME4 ,I ?9K QUITE A FEW PRODUCTION /AFF MEMB]S FELT ?AT WAY4 ,H[EV]1 A MEET+ WAS HELD & WE W]E REASSUR$ ?AT NO DEMOTION WAS GO+ TO TAKE PLACE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 F\R PEOPLE W]E S+L$ \T = WRITT5 W>N+S AB\T 0TAMP]+ ) ! WORK PRODUCT40 

,9 ! WAKE ( ?IS 9CID5T SOME ( US MET ) A BUS9ESS AG5T FROM ! ,GRAPHIC ,COMMUNICATIONS ,UNION 7,G,C,I,U74 ,! PRESS OP]ATORS AT ! %OP :]E ! ,B,G WAS PR9T$ BELONG TO ?IS UNION4 ,IF WE EV] W5T ON /RIKE1 WE KNEW ?AT ! FIR/ ?+ WE'D WANT TO DO W\LD BE TO APPEAL TO ! PRESS OP]ATORS TO REFUSE TO PR9T ! PAP]4 ,! BUS9ESS AG5T GAVE US A COPY ( ! PR9T+ 9DU/RY MA/] CONTRACT1 :I* SOME ( US DISCUSS$ LAT]4 ,! WOR/ CLAUSE 9 ! CONTRACT /AT$3 0,!RE WILL BE NO /RIKE OR O!R ECONOMIC PRESSURE ?R\< CONC]T$ ACTION BY ! EMPLOYES &_/OR ! UNION40 ,9 O!R WORDS1 WORK]S' H&S >E TI$ :ILE ANY BEEFS 9* ?R\< ! BUREAUCRATIC GRIEVANCE MA*9]Y TO F9AL >BITRATION4 0,BUT ! ONLY WAY WE >E ABLE TO GET ANY?+ >\ND H]E IS ?R\< COLLECTIVE PRESSURE10 ONE ,B,G /AFF] COMM5T$4 ,! CONTRACT ALSO /IPULAT$ ?AT DUES BE D$UCT$ FROM ! EMPLOYES' PAY*ECKS & !N S5T DIRECTLY TO ! UNION4 ,9 DECADES PA/1 DUES W]E NOT D$UCT$ & %OP /EW>DS HAD TO GO >\ND HU/L+ ! MEMB]S' DUES1 :I* GAVE MEMB]S ! OPPORTUNITY TO PU% !IR CONC]NS DIRECTLY4 

,:Y C\LDN'T ,B,G EMPLOYES REMA9 9DEP5D5T & /ILL APPEAL TO ! PRESS OP]ATORS TO NOT PR9T ! PAP] 9 ! EV5T ( A /RIKE8 ,ANO!R CLAUSE 9 ! PRESS OP]ATORS' CONTRACT EXPLA9S ! PROBLEM3 0,EMPLOYES444%ALL NOT BE REQUIR$ TO CROSS A PICKET L9E BECAUSE ( A /RIKE IF SANCTION$ BY ! ,C5TRAL ,LABOR ,C\NCIL4440 ,?IS MEANS ! PR9T]S >E NOT ALL[$ TO TAKE ACTION TO SUPPORT A /RIKE--SU* AS REFUS+ TO PR9T A /RUCK PAP]--)\T ! APPROVAL ( ! TOP LOCAL ,A,F,L-,C,I,O (FICIALS4 ,)\T SU* SANCTION1 ! PR9T]S W\LD BE AT RISK ( LOS+ !IR JOBS4 ,! PURPOSE ( ?IS SORT ( CONTRACT IS TO 5SURE ?AT WORK]S SOLID>ITY IS CONTROLL$ BY TOP (FICIALS RA!R ?AN ! WORK]S !MSELVES4 ,! EMPLOY]S GA9 BY ! UNION'S PROMISE NOT TO DISRUPT PRODUCTION & ! (FICIALS GA9 CONTROL OV] ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 

,EV5 IF ! BUREAUCRATIC ,A,F,L-,C,I,O-TYPE UNIONS 5C\RAGE LITTLE REAL SOLID>ITY BETWE5 WORK]S 9 DIFF]5T WORKPLACES1 SMALL GR\PS ( WORK]S WILL T5D TO SEEK ! PROTECTION ( !SE UNIONS BECAUSE !Y (F] AT LEA/ ! PROMISE ( GREAT] LEV]AGE1 H[EV] ILLUSORY ?IS MAY BE4 ,?IS T5D5CY IS LIKELY TO PREVAIL UNTIL !RE EM]GES AN 9DEP5D5T WORK]S MOVEM5T ?AT CAN PROVIDE AN ALT]NATIVE = GR\PS ( WORK]S SEEK+ A L>G] MOVEM5T TO ALLY )4 

,O,B,/,A,C,L,E,S ,T,O ,W,O,R,K,] ,O,R,G,A,N,I,Z,A,T,I,O,N 

,! ,B,G HAS BE5 ABLE TO MA9TA9 A 0UNION-FREE 5VIRONM5T0 & CONTA9 P]IODIC B\TS ( DISAFFECTION ?R\< A COMB9ATION ( CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,= ONE ?+1 MANY ,B,G /AFF]S >E EMPLOY$ P>T-TIME4 ,I'VE OV]HE>D ! PRODUCTION MANAG] SAY TO A PROSPECTIVE NEW HIRE1 0,?IS JOB IS JU/ TO GET SOME EXTRA MONEY40 ,:5 PEOPLE HAVE ANO!R JOB1 !Y >E LESS LIKELY TO REG>D ! P>T-TIME JOB AS IMPORTANT 5\< TO COMMIT TIME TO ORGANIZ+ ) O!RS4 ,A WORK=CE BECOMES FRAGM5T$ AS P>T-TIM]S PR$OM9ATE4 ,:5 PEOPLE DON'T SEE EA* O!R REGUL>LY1 IF AT ALL2 !Y DEVELOP LESS ( ! COHESION ?AT IS NATURAL TO A GR\P ( PEOPLE :O WORK TOGE!R1 & :I* IS NECESS>Y = COLLECTIVE ACTION4 

,! L>GE NUMB] ( P>T-TIM]S L[]S ,B,G LABOR CO/S4 ,LESS ?AN HALF ( ! PRODUCTION /AFF WORK$ ! M9IMUM #c H\RS A WEEK NE$$ TO QUALIFY = HEA? 9SURANCE4 ,L[ WAGES1 M9IMAL B5EFITS & L\SY CONDITIONS T5D TO PRODUCE TURNOV]4 ,:ILE ,I WORK$ AT ! ,B,G1 ! AV]AGE PRODUCTION EMPLOYEE /AY$ ONLY EI<T MON?S4 ,ORGANIZATION AMONG WORK]S 9 SMALL1 L[-WAGE BUS9ESS LIKE ! ,B,G IS MORE LIKELY TO DEVELOP :5 !RE IS A BROAD] MOVEM5T ) :I* GR\PS ( WORK]S 9 P>TICUL> WORKPLACES CAN ALLY !MSELVES4 ,A NON BUREAUCRATIC WORK]S MOVEM5T1 ?AT IS ACTUALLY NUT BY RANK-&-FILE WORK]S !MSELVES1 W\LD NOT BE AS DEP5D5T ON 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ CONTRACT B>GA9+ TO HAVE A PRES5CE 9 WORKPLACES4 ,?IS W\LD MAKE IT EASI] = WORK]S TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! MOVEM5T DESPITE HI< TURNOV] & MOVEM5T FROM JOB TO JOB4 

,! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD 7,I,W,W7 WAS AN EXAMPLE ( SU* A MOVEM5T 9 ! E>LI] DECADES ( ?IS C5TURY4 ,MANY ( ! PEOPLE :O WORK$ 9 M9ES1 ABO>D %IPS1 ON CON/RUCTION PROJECTS1 & ON F>M H>VE/S 9 ! ,WE/]N /ATES 9 ?OSE YE>S MOV$ >\ND FROM JOB TO JOB4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! ,I,W,W WAS ABLE TO MA9TA9 EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONS 9 NUMB] ( !SE 9DU/RIES DESPITE ! ABS5CE ( A /ABLE WORK=CE4 ,! MOVEM5T'S PRES5CE 9 A WORKPLACE DIDN'T DEP5D UPON A UNION CONTRACT OR GOV]NM5T C]TIFICATION BUT ON WORK]S ACT+ 09 UNION0 ) EA* O!R4 ,WORK]S REMA9$ MEMB]S ( ! UNION NO MATT] :]E !Y WORK$4 ,& WORK]S 9 ONE WORKPLACE W]E LESS ISOLAT$ AS !Y HAD A S5SE ( BE+ P>T ( A L>G] MOVEM5T4 ,! MIX ( OCCUPATIONS & 9DU/RIES MAY BE DIFF]5T TODAY1 BUT ! FAILURES ( ! TOP-D[N1 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ UNIONS %[ CLE>LY ! NE$ = A NEW1 NON-BUREAUCRATIC WORK]S MOVEM5T4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#c1 #bba 3 ,SMALL IS NOT BEAUTIFUL -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,SMALL IS NOT BEAUTIFUL -- ,UPDAT$4 

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